cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Invalidity of the 'For Everyone or No One' Rule and a Tax-Recovery Strategy Suggested by the Analysis

In this article, he argues that the for everyone or no one rule of Treas. reg. section 1.903-1(a) is invalid under precedent that binds the Court of Federal Claims - a court to which all U.S. taxpayers have access by virtue of its nationwide jurisdiction. He also observes that the analysis under which this invalidity emerges suggests a broader strategy that may help taxpayers obtain a foreign tax credit notwithstanding that a regulation appears to bar the credit.
Bringing the Generations Together: Support from Learning Theory

In addition to briefly examining biblical and empirical support for intentional intergen- erationl ministry, Dr. Allen (the article?) primarily addresses the question: Why might intergenera- tional Christian experiences contribute significantly to faith and spiritual development? She inte- grates concepts from situated learning theory (e.g., fully participating with more experienced practitioners) with some of Vygotsaky's sociocultural ideas (e.g., learning in complex, authentic envi- ronments, zone of proximal development) to forge a learning macrotheory that explicates the basic learning principles at work in intergenerational Christian community. Dr. Allen also offers practical ideas for those who desire to cultivate a more intergenerational outlook as well as some specific ways to bring the generations together.
Protein synthesis in frog embryos and frog liver preparations, and its inhibition by embryo components.

SummaryThe capacity to carry out activities related to protein synthesis has been studied in developing frog embryos and post hatching larvae. Rapid incorporation of labeled amino acids from the external medium into protein could be demonstrated with intact larvae about 5 days before a net increase of total protein was found. Only minor incorporation of labeled amino acid into protein was obtained with cell-free preparations from frog embryos and larvae, even at developmental stages when the total protein content was increasing; however, these preparations did possess a high capacity for amino acid activation. In contrast, analogous cell-free fractions from adult frog liver contained an active system for incorporation of phenylalanine or of an amino acid mixture into protein; the characteristics of the frog liver system were similar to those of cell-free systems for amino acid incorporation described in other species. The low incorporating activity of cell-free preparations from frog embryos or larvae was...
Extraordinary Difference in Reactivity of Ozone (OOO) and Sulfur Dioxide (OSO): A Theoretical Study.

Ozone and sulfur dioxide are valence isoelectronic yet show very different reactivity. While ozone is one of the most reactive 1,3-dipoles, SO2 does not react in this way at all. The activation ene...
The Bactericidal and Fungicidal Action of Copper Salts. Studies on the Biochemistry and Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis, XV

In 1853 the French government recorded its belief in the harmfulness of copper as a dietary constituent1 by the passage of a law (afterward repealed) prohibiting its addition to canned vegetables. Apparently the copper served for the maintenance of the green color of the vegetables, tho Johnson and Copeland2 suggest that it may have served a double purpose: "Copper sulphate is a powerful germicide. It has for years been added to canned meats and vegetables to prevent fermentation by bacteria and other organisms." For at least the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the belief in the germicidal action of copper was particularly flourishing. The early observations of its effect were made almost simultaneously on algae, fungi, and bacteria. During the years 1880 to 1883 Burq3 reported the results of an investigation, begun 30 years earlier, comprising a mass of data acquired by personal visits to all sorts of establishments engaged in the manufacture of copper and other metals, by extensive communication with the officers of workingmen's unions, working men themselves, proprietors of foundries, physicians, and mayors of towns where metal-working was the principal industry, by correspondence with English, Swedish, and Russian ambassadors, with the directors of Siberian mines, and with all possible individuals engaged in, or connected with, the mining and manufacture of copper?all of which led him to conclude that impregnation of the workmen with copper conferred on them a singular immunity to cholera. He found them equally immune to typhoid infection, and suggested that a similar immunity might exist toward diphtheria and smallpox. (These findings have been largely discredited as a result of more recent investigations.) In 1883 Walker4 published a monograph, written 20 years earlier, in which the verdict runs: "At all events the immunity of this class
Competitive antagonism of leukocytic pyrogen by sodium salicylate and acetaminophen.

SummaryBioassays of the pyrogenic activity of LP in the presence and absence of antipyretics were performed in cats. Sodium salicylate (0.50 and 1.00 mg) and acetaminophen (0.50 mg) given intraventricularly 30 min before iv injection of LP produced parallel shifts to the right of the log dose-response curve to LP. Such shifts are compatible with the hypothesis that these agents compete with LP for receptor sites within the central nervous system.
Connecting people and places: the emerging role of network governance in large landscape conservation

The most important land and water issues facing North America and the world – including land-use patterns, water management, biodiversity protection, and climate adaptation – require innovative governance arrangements. Most of these issues need to be addressed at several scales simultaneously, ranging from local to global. They require action at the scale of large landscapes given that the geographic scope of the issues often transcends the legal and geographic reach of existing jurisdictions and institutions. No single entity has the authority to address these types of cross-boundary issues, resulting in gaps in governance and a corresponding need to create formal and informal ways work more effectively across administrative boundaries, land ownerships, and political jurisdictions. In response to this challenge, numerous models of “network governance” are emerging. These approaches vary in terms of purpose, spatial scale, composition, organization, and complexity. This article explains what network governance is, why it is emerging, how it compares to other models of natural resource governance, and the different ways in which it develops and evolves.
Photosensitizer-Embedded Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Antimicrobial Non-Woven Textile

Toward the objective of developing platform technologies for anti-infective materials based upon photodynamic inactivation, we employed electrospinning to prepare a non-woven textile comprised of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers embedded with a porphyrin-based cationic photosensitizer; termed PAN-Por(+). Photosensitizer loading was determined to be 34.8 nmol/mg material; with thermostability to 300 °C. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against four bacteria belonging to the ESKAPE family of pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium; Acinetobacter baumannii; and Klebsiella pneumonia), as well as Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrated broad photodynamic inactivation of all bacterial strains studied upon illumination (30 min; 65 ± 5 mW/cm2; 400–700 nm) by a minimum of 99.9996+% (5.8 log units) regardless of taxonomic classification. PAN-Por(+) also inactivated human adenovirus-5 (~99.8% reduction in PFU/mL) and vesicular stomatitis virus (>7 log units reduction in PFU/mL). When compared to cellulose-based materials employing this same photosensitizer; the higher levels of photodynamic inactivation achieved here with PAN-Por(+) are likely due to the combined effects of higher photosensitizer loading and a greater surface area imparted by the use of nanofibers. These results demonstrate the potential of photosensitizer-embedded polyacrylonitrile nanofibers to serve as scalable scaffolds for anti-infective or self-sterilizing materials against both bacteria and viruses when employing a photodynamic inactivation mode of action.
Being and Idea

The relationship of Being and Idea has preoccupied philosophy ever since Plato. Although Plato did not explicitly distinguish the Idea from the Concept, he recognized that if ideas were just subjective universals lacking intrinsic objective reality philosophy’s search for wisdom was a hopeless endeavor. How then could ideas, exhibiting the universality of reason, have objective truth?
CSF somatostatin in patients with Alzheimer's disease, older depressed patients, and age-matched control subjects.

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was measured in the CSF of 12 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, is age-matched control subjects, and 20 older depressed subjects. Patients with dementia or depression were found to have lower CSF somatostatin concentrations than control subjects despite markedly different clinical presentations. Severity of depression was clearly different in all three groups but showed no significant correlation with CSF concentration of somatostatin. There was a significant positive correlation between CSF somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and cognitive functioning in all 47 subjects, but this association was not statistically significant within individual diagnostic groups. These data raise interesting questions about possible biological links between Alzheimer’s disease and depression in older patients. (AmJ Psychiatry 1987; 144:1313-1316)
The fourth dimension. Management of the postmodern clinical laboratory.

The clinical laboratory has undergone historic changes over the past decade. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 are the regulatory acknowledgment of the technological revolution that has occurred. Challenged to meet increasingly diverse medical needs while facing cost restraints, managerial leadership will replace technical leadership in the clinical laboratory. Ignored for half a century by most American industries, total quality management has been invoked as the embodiment of systems engineering and group decision making in the postmodern clinical laboratory. The matrix organization, workload recording, and productivity measuring are cost-effective applications of total quality management in the clinical laboratory.
Pharmaceutical self-fashioning or how to get rich and famous in the Renaissance medical marketplace.

L'A. identifie plusieurs facons de guerir et produire des medicaments au XVI e siecle en Italie, tels que les medicaments prepares par distillation, les medicaments miracles produits par alchimie et qui guerissent les maladies incurables. Parallelement, ils existent les guerisseurs itinerants ayant des antidotes et qui developpent une nouvelle forme therapeutique
Chronic pulmonary hypertension in utero impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

To determine whether endothelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation is selectively impaired by chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension, we compared the hemodynamic effects of an endothelium-dependent agonist, acetylcholine (ACh), with an endothelium-independent agonist, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), before, during, and after development of pulmonary hypertension in five late-gestation fetal lambs. Pulmonary hypertension was produced over 9–12 days by progressive inflation of a vascular occluder around the ductus arteriosus. Age-matched fetal lambs (n = 5) without occluders served as controls. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased from 44 +/- 2 (baseline) to 65 +/- 4 Torr after 10-12 days of inflation (P 40% during the study period. Although brief intrapulmonary infusions of ACh (1.5 micrograms over 15 min) lowered left lung PVR b...
The Effect of Occupational Gender Stereotypes on Men’s Interest in Female-Dominated Occupations

A great deal of research has sought to explain women’s lower interest in male-dominated occupations, but relatively little attention has been given to explaining men’s disinterest in female-dominated occupations. Examining factors that affect men’s interest in female-dominated occupations has both theoretical and practical implications. Two factors hypothesized to alter the gender-stereotype salience of an occupation were examined: occupation titles and gender-stereotyped occupation descriptions. We hypothesized that men who reported higher levels of stereotypical feminine attributes would be more interested in feminine-stereotyped occupations. College-aged participants (N = 1001, 791 male) enrolled in an engineering, computer science, or physics course recorded their interest in occupations with or without a feminine title and described with either feminine or masculine stereotyped skills and attributes. Participants also reported the degree to which they held stereotypical feminine attributes. Results indicated that men showed greater interest in no-title occupations, especially when masculine characteristics were used in the description. For men, self-reported levels of feminine attributes were associated with interest in occupations with feminine descriptions, primarily in the no-title condition. Women expressed more interested than did men in the occupations, but unlike men, women were equally interested in occupations with feminine and masculine descriptions. Findings are consistent with the theories of precluded interest (Cheryan 2010) and circumscription and compromise (Gottfredson 1981). It is concluded that a key for attracting men to female-dominated vocations may be to provide opportunities for men to consider an occupation in ways that prevent or disrupt comparison to traditional stereotypic archetypes.
Development and Validation of a Mental Practice Tool for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy.

Objective Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) is a common operation performed by obstetrician-gynecologists. Training opportunities for this procedure are declining. Mental practice (MP), the use of mental imagery to rehearse a task symbolically before performance, has been used successfully in sports and music to enhance skill. This strategy demonstrates benefit in existing surgical education literature. We aimed to develop and validate a MP tool (MPT) for resident training in TAH. Design A prospective survey study was performed in a large, urban, academic medical center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. A MPT was developed by guiding expert surgeons through a cognitive walk-through of TAH to identify key procedural cues. For validation, a convenience sample of 22 residents and attendings ( N = 11 per group) mentally rehearsed TAH. Motivation, confidence, quality of imagery, and utility of the activity were assessed with a previously validated Mental Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ) before and after exposure to the MPT. Results Residents, but not attendings, found MP to be useful in preparation for surgery (residents, p=0.01; attendings, p=0.34) and had increased confidence following this exercise (residents, p=0.01; attendings, p=0.08). Significant improvement in global imagery score after use of the tool was shown by residents (p = 0.01) but not by the attendings (p = 0.08), with residents having lower imagery skills than attendings both pre-MP and post-MP. Reliability testing of the MIQ indicated internal consistency (pre-MPT, 0.91; post-MPT, 0.90). Conclusions MP may serve as a potentially effective, portable, and inexpensive resident surgical training tool in preparation for TAH. Attendings may benefit from certain aspects of MP. The MIQ may serve as a measure of imagery skills in future experiments of MP in preparation for surgery.
Mexican American Male Masquerades in the Institution as Bully

ABSTRACTThis Black and Chicana Feminist case study challenges national discourse surrounding school bullying as individualistic, student-centered. We explore the warrior lens of Mexican/Mexican-American males. While masquerading institutional compliance, they simultaneously unmask policies, practices as the means to control mind/bodies/spirit. This research seeks to uncover and more deeply understand lived realities at intersections of race, class, and gender while highlighting these young men’s agency to physically and psychologically resist that which seeks to circumscribe their educational and social outcomes. Within an elusive and subversive rasquachismo resourcefulness, they adhere to expectations while masquerading compliance to create spaces of resistance and survival within the institution as bully.
A Survey of Statistical Capstone Projects

ABSTRACTIn this article, we highlight the advantages of incorporating a statistical capstone experience in the undergraduate curriculum, where students perform an in-depth analysis of real-world data. Capstone experiences develop statistical thinking by allowing students to engage in a consulting-like experience that requires skills outside the scope of traditional courses: defining a complex problem, analyzing data, building a strong team, and communicating effectively. We describe the pedagogical benefits as they relate to improved student outcomes and prospective job and graduate school placement, and we classify statistical capstones into four groups: standalone capstone projects, statistical consultancies, capstone projects embedded in an advanced statistics methodology course, and instruction-focused capstone courses. This article serves as a guide for educators seeking to implement an enriching capstone experience in their undergraduate mathematics or statistics curriculum to better prepare student...
Does Regulation of Physicians Reduce Health Care Spending

The medical community argues that physician fear of legal liability increases health care spending. Theoretically, though, the effect could be positive or negative, and empirical evidence has supported both cases. Previous studies, however, have ignored the fact that physicians face risk from industry oversight groups like state-level medical licensing boards in addition to civil litigation risk. This article addresses this omission by incorporating previously unused data on punishments by oversight groups against physicians, known as adverse actions, along with malpractice payments data to study state-level health care spending. My analysis suggests that, contrary to conventional wisdom, spending does not rise in response to increased risk. An increase in adverse actions of 16 (the year-to-year average) is associated with statistically significant, annual decreases in state spending on hospital care of approximately $22 million, and on prescription drugs of nearly $10 million. Malpractice payments are estimated to have smaller, statistically insignificant effects.
Los muros de la sociedad de control: por una emancipación del saber desde los saberes / The walls of the control society: for an emancipation of the wisdoms from the wisdoms

En este trabajo se pretende analizar los dispositivos de poder que actuan en la sociedad de control y presentes en las transformaciones del capitalismo tardio, y su manera que afectan a la escuela. El saber es una forma de poder, y en las sociedades de control operan estrategias de subordinacion desde el conocimiento. Plantearemos la ecologia de saberes como una manera de construir resistencias epistemicas y asi hacer frente a la maquinaria capitalista para posibilitar la construccion de alternativas sociales distintas al orden hegemonico.
GATA3 is a reliable marker for neuroblastoma in limited samples, including FNA Cell Blocks, core biopsies, and touch imprints.

BACKGROUND Neuroblastomas (NBs) are the most common solid cancer of childhood and infancy; however, in poorly differentiated forms, they present diagnostic challenges. GATA3 has been implicated functionally in NB differentiation, and limited data support its use as an immunohistochemical biomarker for NBs in resection specimens. METHODS GATA3 was tested retrospectively in 30 consecutive archival NB samples, including archival cytopathology needle cores and cell blocks (n = 6), scant surgical biopsy specimens and 2-mm NB tissue cores (n = 16), and air-dried touch imprints (n = 8) to evaluate the utility of this marker. Immunostaining was performed per the institutional standard, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–compliant automated staining protocol. GATA3 nuclear staining was scored qualitatively for its intensity and proportion of positivity. RESULTS All 30 NB specimens showed diffuse nuclear positivity with GATA3. Each sample revealed either strong (n = 26) or moderate nuclear staining (n = 4) in more than 75% of NB cells, regardless of the presence or lack of stromata or necrosis or the degree of differentiation. CONCLUSIONS GATA3 is a reliable diagnostic marker for NBs not only in scant/limited surgical specimens but also in cytologic samples, including air-dried touch imprints, which have previously been undescribed for this marker. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #44: Management of bleeding in the late preterm period.

Third-trimester bleeding is a common complication arising from a variety of etiologies, some of which may initially present in the late preterm period. Previous management recommendations have not been specific to this gestational age window, which carries a potentially lower threshold for delivery. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on management of late preterm (34 0/7-36 6/7 weeks of gestation) vaginal bleeding. The following are Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine recommendations: (1) we recommend delivery at 36-37 6/7 weeks of gestation for stable women with placenta previa without bleeding or other obstetric complications (GRADE 1B); (2) we do not recommend routine cervical length screening for women with placenta previa in the late preterm period due to a lack of data on an appropriate management strategy (GRADE 2C); (3) we recommend delivery between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation for stable women with placenta accreta (GRADE 1B); (4) we recommend delivery between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation for stable women with vasa previa (GRADE 1B); (5) we recommend that in women with active hemorrhage in the late preterm period, delivery should not be delayed for the purpose of administering antenatal corticosteroids (GRADE 1B); (6) we recommend that fetal lung maturity testing should not be used to guide management in the late preterm period when an indication for delivery is present (GRADE 1B); and (7) we recommend that antenatal corticosteroids should be administered to women who are eligible and are managed expectantly if delivery is likely within 7 days, the gestational age is between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation, and antenatal corticosteroids have not previously been administered (GRADE 1A).
The Process Model of Closure and Nonprofits: The Exit of Exit Art

ABSTRACTExperts think of arts nonprofits as fragile organizations, prone to closure. Despite these predictions, little research has been completed on the process of closure within these organizatio...
Waiting Period Before Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation in Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Window of Opportunity

A critical waiting period of ≈3 months is generally accepted in patients with newly diagnosed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) outside the context of an acute myocardial infarction before reassessing left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and considering implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy. This time window is offered to allow optimization of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) to promote LV reverse remodeling, which if above a certain threshold, would render the need for an ICD unnecessary. Consideration for an ICD after this time-frame is endorsed by major professional groups,1 serves as a key quality and performance measure, and is deemed appropriate by the Appropriate Use Criteria for ICD therapy.2 This duration also guides reimbursement schema, for example, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services limit coverage for ICDs in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy to after this 3-month waiting period. Perhaps it is time to lengthen this time-frame before ICD decision making in newly diagnosed patients with HFrEF. In many cases, 3 months are not sufficient to truly optimize GDMT and allow adequate chance for LV recovery. Evolving risks of sudden cardiac death (SCD), recent expansion of the heart failure (HF) therapeutic armamentarium, and greater focus on shared decision making all support extension of this time window. We summarize these converging lines of evidence and critically appraise the merits of extending this traditional waiting period. We contend that consideration for ICD implantation should only occur once GDMT has been achieved at target doses and may be deferred up to 1 year after diagnosis in appropriately selected patients. As the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services plan to update the national coverage determination regarding ICD implantation over the next year, we believe this issue is timely and topical to address. Epidemiological studies3 and clinical trials4 during the past several decades …
Production of Barbari Bread (Traditional Iranian Bread) Using Different Levels of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) and Sodium Stearoyl Lactate (SSL)

Bread is one of the oldest foods known throughout history and even though it is one of the principal types of staple around the world, it usually lacks enough nutrients, including protein and fiber. As such, fortification is one of the best solutions to overcome this problem. Thus, the objective this study was to examine the effect of three levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) (0%, 10% and 20%) in conjunction with three levels of SSL (sodium stearoyl lactate) (0%, 2% and 5%) on physical and chemical properties of Barbari bread (traditional Iranian bread). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate DDGS and Sodium Stearoyl-2-Lactilate (SSL), as sources of fortification in Barbari bread. The results showed that incorporation of 20% of DDGS and 0% SSL caused a significant increase in the amount of fiber and protein. As for the physical attributes, using higher amount of DDGS caused a darker color, and as for the texture parameters, the highest firmness was measured when 10% DDGS and 5% of SSL were used. Different Mixolab and Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) parameters also were measured with varying results. The findings of this study show that DDGS can be a valuable source of fiber and protein, which can be used as a cost effective source to fortify cereal-based products.
Cyberbullying and Mental Health

Cyberbullying is a serious public health problem that can have significant mental health effects on victims and perpetrators. Children and adolescents involved in cyberbullying have been shown to experience higher levels of depression and anxiety and even increased suicidal ideation compared with those who are not involved. Participation in cyberbullying can be associated with various risk factors and personality traits. Most large-scale interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of cyberbullying have had limited levels of success. However, there are many strategies for parents, teachers, and clinicians to implement with children and adolescents to address cyberbullying and to openly discuss safe Internet use.
Toleranz und Abhängigkeit

Der prozessuale Verlauf der Heroinsucht wird im wesentlichen von zwei Faktoren bestimmt: durch die physiologische Toleranz (Gewohnung) und durch die Abhangigkeit, die beide durch das Aktionspotential der Droge verursacht werden konnen; beide Faktoren sind die einzigen Suchtelemente: „die in physiologischen Experimenten, unter sorgfaltig kontrollierten und standardisierten Bedingungen analysiert worden sind“(Seevers und Deneau, 1963). Neben der Entwicklung einer physiologischen Toleranz und einer Abhangigkeit entsteht haufig, bei fortgesetztem Drogenkonsum, eine psychische Abhangigkeit.1
Failure analysis of spring of hydraulic operated valve

Abstract The breakage of spring of a valve causes the non functionality of a hydraulically operated system which pours steel into tundish (controls the flow of steel before putting into a caster) in a steel manufacturing plant. The valve is operated with two springs of diameter 0.3 mm among which one was broken. The spring failed after 5 years of service which had expected life of 10 years. The fracture surface under SEM showed striations confirming fatigue failure. The chemistry of the spring was confirmed to be o be a plain high carbon steel consistent with the requirements of ASTM A228 “Steel wire,Music quality” which is a cold drawn steel wire for mechanical spring. The microstructural analysis showed crack associated with scale and crow feet. The presence of crow feet like surface defect acted as stress concentration for fatigue crack initiation. The valve spring activated100 times per hour causing fatigue loading of the spring. The etched condition shows drawn pearlite typical structure of cold drawn spring and hardness was also found to be satisfactory. The presence of crow feet surface defect came from the wire drawing stage due to insufficient lubrication and considered to be manufacturing defect. The inspection of a spring this kind for critical applications should be robust to avoid future failures
Can Deep Learning Learn the Principle of Closed Contour Detection

Learning the principle of a task should always be the primary goal of a learning system. Otherwise it reduces to a memorizing system and there always exists edge cases. In spite of its recent success in visual recognition tasks, convolutional neural networks’ (CNNs) ability to learn principles is still questionable. While CNNs exhibit a certain degree of generalization, they eventually break when the variability exceeds their capacity, indicating a failure to learn the underlying principles. We use edge cases of a closed contour detection task to support our arguments. We argue that lateral interactions, which are not a part of pure feed-forward CNNs but common in biological vision, are essential to this task.
The calendar of epidemics: Seasonal cycles of infectious diseases

Seasonal cyclicity is a ubiquitous feature of acute infectious diseases [1] and may be a ubiquitous feature of human infectious diseases in general, as illustrated in Tables ​Tables11–4. Each acute infectious disease has its own seasonal window of occurrence, which, importantly, may vary among geographic locations and differ from other diseases within the same location. Here we explore the concept of an epidemic calendar, which is the idea that seasonality is a unifying feature of epidemic-prone diseases and, in the absence of control measures, the local calendar can be marked by epidemics (Fig 1). A well-known example of a calendar marked by epidemics is that of the Northern Hemisphere, where influenza outbreaks occur each winter [2, 3] (hence the colloquial reference to winter as "the flu season"). In contrast, chickenpox outbreaks peak each spring [4, 5], and polio transmission historically occurred each summer [6]. Open in a separate window Fig 1 Epidemic calendar. The concept of an epidemic calendar is illustrated in the top panel. Infectious diseases are seasonal, especially the occurrence of acute and epidemic-prone diseases. In any given population, infectious diseases are distributed throughout the year. Annual cycles of infectious disease are a ubiquitous feature of infection (Tables ​(Tables11–4). The illustration depicts the wintertime seasonality of flu, springtime peaks of varicella (i.e., chickenpox), and the summertime occurrence of gonorrhea and polio, in the Northern Hemisphere. The bottom panel is a SIR schematic for the transmission of human infectious diseases, which include acute and chronic diseases, those that are vector-borne, and those that are zoonotic with animal reservoirs. The vector, human, and reservoir hosts populations are partitioned into individuals who are susceptible to infection, infected, and recovered and immune. Seasonality may enter into any of the eight key elements of the system: (1) susceptible recruitment via reproduction, (2) transmission, (3) acquired immunity and recovery, (4) waning immunity, (5) natural mortality, (6) symptomatology and pathology (which may be acute or chronic, depending on the disease), (7) disease-induced mortality, and (8) cross-species transmission. Disease illustrations reproduced from Google Medical Information. I, infected; R, recovered and immune; S, susceptible.
Unilateral retinoblastoma in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.

Dear Editor,Retinoblastoma and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) are two rare ophthalmic disorders which arise from sporadic or germline mutations in specific genes. Retinoblastoma occurs in 1 in 15,...
Special Session at DSN for the Best Papers from SELSE 2017

The 12th Workshop on Silicon Errors in Logic - System Effects (SELSE) was held on March 21-22, 2017, in Boston, MA , USA. Detailed information about SELSE 2017 and previous SELSE workshops, including links to presentations, is available at http://www.selse.org. Three papers were selected as the Best of SELSE papers and are presented in this special DSN session.
Stravinsky in the Americas: Transatlantic Tours and Domestic Excursions from Wartime Los Angeles (1925–1945): by H. Colin Slim, Oakland, CA, University of California Press, 2019, xxvi, 451 pp., $36.31 (hardback), ISBN-13 978-0520299924

Behind H. Colin Slim’s Stravinsky in the Americas lies a pair of familiar scholarly motivations. The first involves filling in a gap in the historical record. In the book’s foreword Richard Taruski...
Ratiometric BRET Measurements of ATP with a Genetically-Encoded Luminescent Sensor

Luciferase-based reporters provide a key measurement approach in a broad range of applications, from in vitro high-throughput screening to whole animal imaging. For example, luminescence intensity is widely used to measure promoter activity, protein expression levels, and cell growth. However, luminescence intensity measurements are subject to quantitative irregularities caused by luminescence decay and variation in reporter expression level. In contrast, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) sensors provide the advantages of luciferase-based reporters but overcome the aforementioned irregularities because of the inherently ratiometric readout. Here, we generated a new ratiometric BRET sensor of ATP (ARSeNL—ATP detection with a Ratiometric mScarlet-NanoLuc sensor), and we demonstrated that it provides a stable and robust readout across protein, cell, and whole animal tissue contexts. The ARSeNL sensor was engineered by screening a color palette of sensors utilizing variants of the high photon flux NanoLuc luciferase as donors and a panel of red fluorescent proteins as acceptors. We found that the novel combination of NanoLuc and mScarlet exhibited the largest dynamic range, with a 5-fold change in the BRET ratio upon saturation with ATP. Importantly, the NanoLuc-mScarlet BRET pair provided a large spectral separation between luminescence emission channels that is compatible with green and red filter sets extensively used in typical biological microscopes and animal imaging systems. Using this new sensor, we showed that the BRET ratio was independent of luminescence intensity decay and sensor expression level, and the BRET ratio faithfully reported differences in live-cell energy metabolism whether in culture or within mouse tissue. In particular, BRET analyte sensors have not been used broadly in tissue contexts, and thus, in principle, our sensor could provide a new tool for in vivo imaging of metabolic status.
Competitiveness Advancement Innovation Path of GBA Heterogeneous Service Trade Firms with Entrepreneurial and Innovative Spirit

Based on the bay area economic theory, this paper takes the mechanism of regional agglomeration and metropolitan circle effect as the framework; utilizes humanity-oriented entrepreneurial and innovative spirit as an example to examine the construction and regional agglomeration of GHM-Greater Bay Area (GHM-GBA) being the influence of the development factor upon the regional economic development of heterogeneous service trade export firms. By means of the humanity-oriented entrepreneurial and innovative spirit effect, we construct a specialized level empirical model of the fuzzy association location Corpus-Metaphor-WordNet schema with Markov & Bayesian thought; data mining-radar monitoring software is applied for analysis. The empirical test suggests the main research results of the heterogeneous service trade export enterprises using humanity-oriented entrepreneurial and innovative spirit to improve competitiveness by virtue of three main implementation paths: GHM-GBA drive, regional agglomeration drive and industry clusters drive, based on which a conclusion is drawn with relevant suggestions.
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome Despite Appropriate Hyponatremia Correction

Acute demyelination of the pons or extrapontine areas results in an osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), previously referred to as central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) or extra pontine myelinolysis (EPM). It is caused by osmotic dysregulation in the brain. Multiple risk factors have been known to contribute to these osmotic disturbances. Among them, osmotic stress caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia is the most common cause. Other risk factors include liver failure, alcohol dependence, malnutrition, and malignancy. Symptoms can vary depending on the location of the demyelination. It has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. We present a case of ODS in a malnourished patient who was found to have alcoholic hepatitis and invasive colon cancer. The initial presentation was sepsis secondary to pneumonia. The patient was found to be severely hyponatremic at the time of admission, and the hyponatremia was corrected as per the recommendations. The initial non-contrast head computed tomography (CT) scan was unremarkable. However, the hospital course was complicated by a deteriorating neurological exam with encephalopathy despite not overcorrecting the sodium. A short-term follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) eventually revealed ODS. Initially, the findings of ODS were masked due to symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. However, the patient had a quick recovery with the improvement of all the neurological findings.
Interdependent Altruistic Preference Models

Altruistic preferences or the desire to improve the well‐being of others even at one’s own expense can be difficult to incorporate into traditional value and utility models. It is straightforward t...
Hierarchical Modeling for User Personality Prediction: The Role of Message-Level Attention

Not all documents are equally important. Language processing is increasingly finding use as a supplement for questionnaires to assess psychological attributes of consenting individuals, but most approaches neglect to consider whether all documents of an individual are equally informative. In this paper, we present a novel model that uses message-level attention to learn the relative weight of users’ social media posts for assessing their five factor personality traits. We demonstrate that models with message-level attention outperform those with word-level attention, and ultimately yield state-of-the-art accuracies for all five traits by using both word and message attention in combination with past approaches (an average increase in Pearson r of 2.5%). In addition, examination of the high-signal posts identified by our model provides insight into the relationship between language and personality, helping to inform future work.
The microbiome and immune system development

Abstract The infant gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in innate and adaptive immune development in the perinatal and neonatal period. In the first months of life, the immune system and the infant’s microbiome will coevolve, initiating a bidirectional interplay ultimately resulting in competence and maturity. Exposures to maternal vertical transfer of microbes and breast milk drive colonization patterns and the developing immune system. Mechanisms demonstrating the seminal role of the microbiome in immune maturation are demonstrated in animal models and supported in longitudinal human studies of microbiome-associated immune-mediated health outcomes. Clarifying the cross talk between the microbiome and the immune system allows opportunities to leverage novel interventions to optimize health.
Economic Losses Associated with COVID-19 Deaths in the United States

Abstract In addition to the overwhelming health effects of COVID-19, the disease has inflicted unprecedented economic damage. Vast resources have been directed at COVID-19 testing and health care while economic activity has been substantially curtailed due to disruptions resulting from individual choices and government policies. This study estimates the economic loss associated with COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. from February 1, 2020 through July 11, 2020. We use estimates of years of life lost that are based on the age and gender of decedents. Using a value of life year estimate of $66,759, we calculate economic losses of roughly $66 billion. The losses are concentrated in New York and New Jersey, which account for 17.5% of the total losses. Our analysis of per capita losses by state indicates that the highest values are located in the northeastern region of the country, while the values in the western states are relatively low. While economic losses associate with COVID-19 deaths is just one aspect of the pandemic, our estimates can provide context to the value of prevention and mitigation efforts. JEL codes I12, I18, J17
Active Phase – Week 3

Group and mentoring content for Week 3 of the active phase of treatment is presented. During the group session, students receive information about the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD and the components of a comprehensive ADHD assessment. Next, detailed guidance on the use of organizational techniques and time management strategies is provided. Group members participate in an interactive dialogue about causes of procrastination and ways to control procrastination tendencies. An important new adaptive thinking skill is also introduced, with group members receiving step-by-step instruction in how to challenge maladaptive thinking patterns. During mentoring, mentors engage students in a detailed review of their use of a planner and To-Do lists over the past week. Mentors also review new information presented in group to ensure student understanding and discuss implementation of new behavioral strategies and adaptive thinking skills. As needed, mentors monitor, support, and provide guidance to refine student use of previously learned behavioral strategies and adaptive thinking skills.
Advanced Removal of 4-Nitrophenol by Emerging and Intensifying Technology of Emulsion Liquid Membrane with Magnetic Nanoparticles

4-nitrophenol is one of the phenolic compounds found in industrial wastes that needs to be removed from treated wastewater. Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) has been introduced as a developing technology for advanced wastewater and water treatment. This emerging technology of treatment can be intensified by strategically adding nanoparticles to organic membrane phase (O). To facilitate the industrial implementation of ELM with nanoparticles, we used magnetic iron nanoparticles added to the organic phase (O) in order to recover them by a magnet for reuse. This also assists in de-emulsification step. The results show that with the use of 1% (W/W) of magnetic nanoparticles of 30-60 nm, the removal efficiency increased from 54.48% without nanoparticles to 97.4% with nanoparticles in reaction time of 1.5 minutes, and both the stability and extraction activity of ELM are enhanced. The outcomes of this work can be extended to other hydrocarbons and polar pollutants removal from industrial wastewater and water.
Designing Display Pixel Layouts for Under-Panel Cameras

Under-panel cameras provide an intriguing way to maximize the display area for a mobile device. An under-panel camera images a scene via the openings in the display panel; hence, a captured photograph is noisy as well as endowed with a large diffractive blur as the display acts as an aperture on the lens. Unfortunately, the pattern of openings commonly found in current LED displays are not conducive to high-quality deblurring. This paper redesigns the layout of openings in the display to engineer a blur kernel that is robustly invertible in the presence of noise. We first provide a basic analysis using Fourier optics that indicates that the nature of the blur is critically affected by the periodicity of the display openings as well as the shape of the opening at each individual display pixel. Armed with this insight, we provide a suite of modifications to the pixel layout that promote the invertibility of the blur kernels. We evaluate the proposed layouts with photomasks placed in front of a cellphone camera, thereby emulating an under-panel camera. A key takeaway is that optimizing the display layout does indeed produce significant improvements.
Glycemic Control and Awareness of Insulin Therapy.

Introduction: Glycemic control is associated with better health outcomes among patients with diabetes. No previous research has examined the relationship between knowledge of one’s insulin dose and glycemic control. This study sought to determine if patients who accurately recalled their insulin dose achieved better glycemic control than patients who could not remember their dose. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 106 patients. Data were collected during patients’ appointments at two endocrinology clinics in Wichita, Kansas from May 29, 2018 to February 15, 2019. Adequate glycemic control was defined as an HbA1c of less than 7.5%. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to identify factors associated with glycemic control. Results: Of the 109 patients asked to participate, 105 agreed to participate in the study. About half (45%, n = 48) were male. Patients’ mean age was 50 years (SD = 17). Seventy-seven percent (n = 81) were overweight (body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9) or obese (BMI >30). Patients who correctly stated their insulin dose had a mean Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 6.9% (SD = 0.98), whereas those who incorrectly stated their dose had a mean HbA1c of 9.5% (SD = 1.9; p <0.0001). Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between knowledge of one’s insulin dose and adequate glycemic control.