cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment and NCA’s student learning outcomes

Among faculty, assessment is frequently discussed as an added burden that does little to improve student learning, existing to appease administrators and accreditors. In fact, at one of the author’...
Circulatory collapse, right ventricular dilatation, and alveolar dead space: A triad for the rapid diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism

A triad of circulatory collapse, right ventricular dilatation, and large alveolar dead space is proposed for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of massive pulmonary embolism. A 17year-old female on oral contraceptives collapsed at home becoming incoherent with shallow breathing. Paramedics initiated mechanical chest compression and transported the patient to our emergency department, arriving minimally responsive with undetectable blood pressure but having positive corneal reflexes and bradycardia with wide QRS. The trachea was intubated and goal-directed echocardiography revealed marked right ventricular dilatation with septal flattening. The arterial PCO2 was 40mmHg with an end-tidal PCO2 of 8mmHg, revealing a large alveolar dead space. Persistent hypotension, bradycardia, and fading alertness despite epinephrine and norepinephrine infusions prompted resumption of chest compression. Intravenous alteplase (10mg bolus over 10min followed by 90mg over 110min) begun 125min after collapse improved hemodynamic function within 10min allowing discontinuation of chest compression. Five and a half hours after starting alteplase, the patient was hemodynamically stable and had normal end-tidal PCO2. A CT-angiogram showed the pulmonary arteries free of emboli but a thrombus in the right common iliac vein. The patient recovered fully and was discharged home on warfarin 8days later. Based on this and other reports, we propose a triad of circulatory collapse, right ventricular dilatation, and large alveolar dead space for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of massive pulmonary embolism, with systemic fibrinolysis as the first-line intervention.
A facile method to enable a model phospholipid cell-permeable and photoactivatable

Abstract Directly utilizing phospholipids in cellular studies is limited by their dynamic metabolism and lack of cell permeability. We have developed a facile method to enable a fluorescent model phospholipid cell-permeable and photoactivatable. This method features the reaction of a diazo-containing molecule with either phosphonic or phosphoric acids to form the corresponding photocaged esters under mild conditions, and should be generally applicable to endogenous phospholipids.
Trends in Confidence among Silicon Valley Venture Capitalists: Q1 2004–Q2 2017

Confidence is an essential factor in making decisions about the future and is a key indicator that is tracked closely for many market participants (e.g., CEOs, consumers, homebuilders, etc.). Venture capitalists, as long-term investors in innovative firms that disrupt existing industries and create new ones, make decisions based in part on their confidence in future conditions. However, there has been relatively little systematic research into venture capitalists’ confidence and its relation to industry outcomes. This article reviews a long-term continuing study of Silicon Valley Venture Capitalists’ confidence in the future high-growth entrepreneurial environment, measuring confidence among Silicon Valley venture capitalists and assessing the factors driving confidence based on the commentary of the responding VCs each quarter from Q1 2004 to the present.
Adult Attachment, Role Balance, and Depressive Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood

Given the large body of evidence linking attachment insecurity to psychological distress (e.g., depression) in the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood and across the lifespan, there is a need to better understand how attachment dimensions (e.g., anxious, avoidant) influence depressive symptoms during this developmental period. Based on limited findings that difficulties with role balance may uniquely contribute to depression among college students (Lopez and Fons-Scheyd in J Coll Couns 11:133–147, 2008; Marks and McDermid in J Marriage Family 58:417–432, 1996) and may be associated with individual factors such as internal working models of attachment, this study tested the indirect effects of anxious and avoidant attachment on depression through role balance using a college student sample (n = 299). Structural equation modeling indicated that role balance partially mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and depression. Results of this study suggest that difficulty in balancing individual (i.e., autonomy-focused) and relational (i.e., intimacy-focused) role commitments might help to explain depressive symptoms above and beyond insecure attachment for anxiously attached emerging adults and serve as a mechanism by which anxious attachment influences depressive symptoms during this developmental period. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Frequency of return visits to the emergency department in patients discharged following hypoglycemia episodes

In-hospital observation is typically recommended for patients who present to the emergency department with symptomatic hypoglycemia who are taking oral diabetes medications or long acting insulin. Individuals considered to be at low risk of further hypoglycemic episodes by treating providers are however on occasion discharged to home when a low suspicion of recurrence and close observation is available. We describe the frequency of hypoglycemia recurrence requiring further emergency department evaluation who have been recently discharged from the emergency department and are taking oral diabetes medications or long-acting insulin. A retrospective chart review was performed over a 2-year period of time at a large community-based academic emergency department for patients with an ICD-9 diagnosis of hypoglycemia who were taking oral or injectable diabetes medications. Patients were included with symptomatic blood sugar readings less than 55 mg/dL measured by prehospital or hospital providers. For those discharged from the emergency department, medical records from the study hospital and nearby health care facilities, Emergency Medical Service reports, and county death records were reviewed to determine recurrence of symptoms requiring care. There were 196 patients discharged over the study period with 10 (5.1%) patients returning to the emergency department within 48 h with recurrent hypoglycemia. Return visits occurred in 4 of 144 taking insulin alone; 2.8% (CI 1.1–6.9%), in 3 of 19 patients taking oral agents alone; 15.8% (CI 5.5–37.5%), and in 3 of 33 patients taking both insulin and oral medications; 9.1% (CI 3.1–23.6%). Frequency of hypoglycemia recurrence requiring repeat ED visits was more common in those taking oral agents compared to individuals taking insulin alone (p = 0.04). All 7 individuals with recurrent hypoglycemia who were taking insulin were taking long-acting insulin preparations. No discharged patients were identified on Emergency Medical Service refusal of care reports or county death records. Individuals discharged from the emergency department following hypoglycemic episodes who were taking oral diabetes medications are at a greater risk than individuals taking insulin alone of a return emergency department visit within 48 h for recurrent hypoglycemia.
Hippocampal GABAergic interneurons: a physiological perspective.

Oscillations within and across neuronal systems are believed to serve various complex functions, such as perception, cognition, movement initiation, plasticity and memory. GABAergic interneurons and their inhibitory synapses play a major role in these oscillatory patterns. Networks of inhibitory interneurons impose a coordinated oscillatory “context” for the “content” carried by networks of principal cells. This hypothesis implies that GABAergic neuronal “supernetworks” may cooperatively entrain large populations of pyramidal cells throughout the forebrain. Experiments on hippocampal interneurons are reviewed and possible solutions for some of these complex functions are illustrated.
Incidence of cutaneous reactions with pemetrexed: Comparison of patients who received three days of oral dexamethasone twice daily to patients who did not.

Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antifolate indicated for locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cutaneous reactions are associated ...
PWR advanced fuel high burnup-dependent xenon oscillation controllability assessment

Abstract The controllability of xenon oscillations in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel assembly was evaluated using the MCNP and ORIGEN-2 codes. Burnup-dependent symmetrical cosine depleted nuclide profiles were generated for advanced high burnup uranium oxide (UO2) and mixed oxide (MOX) fuels. A Monte Carlo burnup coupling BASH script (MCOS) was used to calculate burnup-dependent neutron Fission Tally and 135Xe axial relative oscillation profiles. Burnup-dependent xenon oscillation controllability was then assessed for the advanced high-burnup UO2 and MOX fuels using MCOS-calculated xenon reactivity worth swing bands (ΔK) with respect to the mean. The advanced fuels xenon oscillation bands ΔK are bounded by the typical PWR uranium oxide fuel with 235U enrichment of 3.0 wt%. It has demonstrated that the typical PWR full/partial length control rod banks system’s reactivity can adequately control the high burnup advanced fuels xenon oscillation in full power operation.
Nuclear Actin Polymerized by mDia2 Confines Centromere Movement during CENP-A Loading

Summary Centromeres are specialized chromosomal regions epigenetically defined by the histone H3 variant centromere protein A (CENP-A). CENP-A needs to be replenished in every cell cycle, but how new CENP-A is stably incorporated into centromeric chromatin remains unclear. We have discovered that a cytoskeletal protein, diaphanous formin mDia2, is essential for the stable incorporation of new CENP-A proteins into centromeric nucleosomes. Here we report that mDia2-mediated formation of dynamic and short nuclear actin filaments in G1 nucleus is required to maintain CENP-A levels at the centromere. Importantly, mDia2 and nuclear actin are required for constrained centromere movement during CENP-A loading, and depleting nuclear actin or MgcRacGAP, which lies upstream of mDia2, extends centromeric association of the CENP-A loading chaperone Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP). Our findings thus suggest that nuclear actin polymerized by mDia2 contributes to the physical confinement of G1 centromeres so that HJURP-mediated CENP-A loading reactions can be productive, and centromere's epigenetic identity can be stably maintained.
Elite defection and grassroots democracy under competitive authoritarianism: evidence from Burkina Faso

One determinant of the success or failure of political revolutions is whether there is a split among the ruling elites. Elite defections in a competitive authoritarian regime can tip the balance in...
Randomised controlled trial of a brief, clinic-based intervention to promote safer sex among young Black men who have sex with men: implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis-related counselling

Background The aim of this study was to determine the 3-month efficacy of a single-session, clinic-based intervention promoting condom use for anal and oral sex among HIV-uninfected Black young men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Methods: A pre-post test randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted from 2012 to 2015 using a 3-month period of observation. Recruitment and assessment occurred in sexually transmissible infection (STI) clinics. Men were randomised to either the intervention condition (n = 142) or a standard-of-care control condition (n = 135). The experimental condition comprised a single session of a one-to-one program designed for use in STI clinics. YBMSM completed both baseline and 3-month follow-up assessments. Outcomes measures were condomless anal insertive sex, condomless anal receptive sex and condomless oral sex. Results: Among men receiving the intervention, 11.2% (n = 15) reported any condomless anal insertive sex at follow-up, compared with 20.6% (n = 27) among controls (rate ratio = 0.54, P = 0.04). In addition, 12.0% (n = 17) of men receiving the intervention reported any condomless anal receptive sex at follow-up, compared with 21.6% (n = 29) among controls (rate ratio = 0.55, P = 0.03). When combining insertive and receptive anal sex, 18.3% (n = 26) of men receiving the intervention reported any condomless sex, compared with 31.1% (n = 42) among controls (rate ratio = 0.59, P = 0.01). Furthermore, 45.8% (n = 33) of men receiving the intervention reported any condomless oral sex at follow-up, compared with 63.2% (n = 48) among controls (rate ratio = 0.72, P = 0.03). Conclusions: This analysis of data from a Phase 3 RCT suggests that a single session of a clinic-based behavioural intervention may effectively promote the consistent use of condoms for anal and oral sex among HIV-uninfected YBMSM. The single-session program may be a valuable counselling tool for use in conjunction with recommended quarterly clinic appointments for YBMSM using pre-exposure prophylaxis.
A gap analysis of teaching marketing ethics: Desired versus current state

There is a consensus among marketing educators, scholars, and practitioners that business ethics, in particular, and marketing ethics must be a vital part of a marketing student’s education. Howeve...
Structural and magnetic properties of the CeCo5–CeZn5 solid solution and potential improvements upon iron substitution

Abstract In an effort to create high-performance permanent magnets with reduced critical rare earth content, we explored the Ce Co 5 - x T x (T = transition metal or metalloid) family of compounds to investigate the effect of substitution on the material’s magnetic properties. In our exploration of the Ce Co 5 - x Zn x system, we discovered a continuous solid solution at 900 °C between the CeCo5 and CeZn5 binary phases with ferromagnetism existing from the CeCo5 compound to the intermediate Ce Co 2.75 Zn 2.25 compound. Single crystal studies were also conducted revealing a relatively large anisotropy field of 11.5 T at 300 K for Ce 0.96 Ta 0.04 Co 4.35 Zn 0.65 . The addition of iron Ce 0.79 Ta 0.07 Co 3.77 Fe 0.89 Zn 0.47 yielded further increases in Curie temperature and saturation magnetization to 800 K and 85.5 emu/g, respectively.
Asia, Latin America, and Globalization: Close Encounters of a Third Kind?

Examining what today’s Asian-Latin exchanges mean in the global system, this chapter dubs it the third historical “episode” within the competitive global system after the sixteenth- to nineteenth-century imperial/colonial experiences, then the competitive twentieth-century import-substitution versus export-led developmental strategies. It finds both previous formats influencing the third pattern, highlighted through a subtle China-India tussle that might be reaching a higher, more intensified order. Both countries employ different strategies with dissimilar approaches, but one disturbing feature common to both previous episodes remains: imposing the same Latin dependence locals have complained about since the sixteenth century.
Quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods: approaching indigenous ecological knowledge heterogeneity

I discuss the use of quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods to document and operationalize Indigenous ecological knowledge, using case studies from the Nepalese Himalaya and Great Basin. Both case studies applied results to natural and cultural resource management and interpretation for the public. These approaches attempt to reposition the interview subjects to serve as active contributors to the research and its outcomes. I argue that the study of any body of Indigenous knowledge requires a contextspecific methodology and mutually agreed upon processes and outcomes. In the Nepalese Himalaya, I utilized linked quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how tourism influenced Sherpa place-based spiritual concepts, species, and landscape knowledge inside Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park and Buffer Zone. In this method, Sherpa collaborated in the development of the research questions, the design, and in the review of results. The research in the Great Basin employed collaborative qualitative methods to document Numic (Southern Paiute and Western Shoshone) ecological knowledge of federal lands within their ancestral territory and attempted to piece together fragmented and contested histories of place. In this method, Numic peoples collaborated on the development of research questions and design; however they also conducted most of the interviews. In both cases, I selected particular suites of methods depending on the context and created forums for the translation of this information to applied outcomes. The methods were also improved and innovated through praxis.
Genome of Spea multiplicata, a Rapidly Developing, Phenotypically Plastic, and Desert-Adapted Spadefoot Toad

Frogs and toads (anurans) are widely used to study many biological processes. Yet, few anuran genomes have been sequenced, limiting research on these organisms. Here, we produce a draft genome for the Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata, which is a member of an unsequenced anuran clade. Atypically for amphibians, spadefoots inhabit deserts. Consequently, they possess many unique adaptations, including rapid growth and development, prolonged dormancy, phenotypic (developmental) plasticity, and adaptive, interspecies hybridization. We assembled and annotated a 1.07 Gb Sp. multiplicata genome containing 19,639 genes. By comparing this sequence to other available anuran genomes, we found gene amplifications in the gene families of nodal, hyas3, and zp3 in spadefoots, and obtained evidence that anuran genome size differences are partially driven by variability in intergenic DNA content. We also used the genome to identify genes experiencing positive selection and to study gene expression levels in spadefoot hybrids relative to their pure-species parents. Completion of the Sp. multiplicata genome advances efforts to determine the genetic bases of spadefoots' unique adaptations and enhances comparative genomic research in anurans.
Cross-Residency Radiologic/Pathologic Correlation Curriculum: Teaching Correlation of Surgical Specimens With Imaging

The College of American Pathologists expects pathologists to attain competency in radiologic/pathologic correlation, including correlation of histopathologic findings with imaging findings. While pathology residents appreciate the importance of radiologic/pathologic correlation, their lack of experience and confidence in interpreting imaging studies deters them from obtaining specimen radiographs and reviewing preoperative imaging studies. Formal training in this domain is lacking. A cross-residency curriculum was developed to help pathology residents build basic skills in the correlation of surgical specimens with preoperative imaging and specimen radiographs. Didactic sessions were prepared by 3 pairs of radiology and pathology residents with guidance from radiology and pathology attendings in the subspecialty areas of breast, musculoskeletal, and head and neck. The authors describe the development, implementation, and assessment of the curriculum. A total of 20 pathology residents attended the sessions, with 7 completing both the pre- and postintervention surveys. These residents gained confidence in their ability to interpret specimen radiographs and to select specimens to evaluate with radiography. They gained an appreciation of the importance of collaboration with radiologists in evaluating specimens and of viewing preoperative imaging studies to guide gross examination and dissection. They reported obtaining specimen radiographs and viewing preoperative imaging studies more frequently after attending the sessions. Innovative solutions such as this cross-residency educational initiative offer a potential solution to fulfill the radiologic/pathologic correlation competency standard for pathology residents and may be replicable by other residency programs and academic institutions.
Evaluation of estrogenic chemicals in capsule and French press coffee using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine exposure to estrogenic chemicals (ECs) via capsule coffee. Twenty-two brands of capsule coffee and 15 brands of French press coffee for comparison were brewed, and their contents of ECs were identified and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Exposure to ECs in coffee were compared to tolerable daily intake guidelines to assess potential hazard to health. Benzophenone was the most frequently detected EC in capsule coffee (mean concentration ± SD: 20.37 ± 47.07 ng/mL, n = 6), followed by bisphenol A (BPA, 0.31 ± 0.71, n = 4), dibutyl phthalate (1.41 ± 3.58, n = 3), 4-nonylphenol (0.67 ± 1.82, n = 3) and bisphenol F (BPF, 0.49 ± 1.54, n = 2). BPA and BPF were each detected in 3 French press coffee samples (0.29 ± 0.58 and 0.85 ± 1.75 ng/mL, respectively). Two French press coffee brands purchased as ground coffee rather than whole bean were positive for ECs (BPA in one and BPF in both). Hazard indexes were below 1.0 for each EC for both coffee types. These results indicate that there is EC contamination in capsule and French press coffee, but the quantities of ECs are low relative to established safety guidelines.
Introduction of a psychologically informed educational intervention for pre-licensure physical therapists in a classroom setting

There is an increasing need for physical therapists to address psychosocial aspects of musculoskeletal pain. Psychologically informed practice is one way to deliver this type of care through the integration of biopsychosocial interventions into patient management. An important component of psychologically informed practice is patient centered communication. However, there is little research on how to effectively implement patient centered communication into pre-licensure training for physical therapists. Thirty Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students took part in an educational intervention that consisted of one 4-h didactic teaching session and three 1-h experiential learning sessions. Prior to the first session, students performed an examination of a standardized patient with chronic low back pain and were assessed on psychologically informed physical therapy (PIPT) adherent behaviors via a rating scale. Students also completed the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (PABS-PT). After the last experiential session, students evaluated another standardized patient and were reassessed on PIPT adherent behaviors. Students retook the PABS-PT and qualitative data was also collected. After the educational intervention, students had positive changes in their pain attitudes and belief scores indicating a stronger orientation toward a psychosocial approach to patient care (p < 0.05). Additionally, after the intervention, students showed improvements in their adherence to using PIPT behaviors in their simulated patient interactions (p < 0.05). Qualitatively, students reported a high acceptability of the educational intervention with common themes indicating improved confidence with treating and communicating with complex patients. Students had attitudes and beliefs shift towards a more psychosocial orientation and demonstrated improved PIPT behaviors in simulated patient interactions after a brief educational intervention. Future research should investigate best practices for implementation of psychologically informed physical therapy for licensed clinicians.
Speed tuning in head coordinates as an alternative explanation of depth selectivity from motion parallax in area MT

Abstract There are two distinct sources of retinal image motion: motion of objects in the world and movement of the observer. In cases where an object moves in a scene and the eyes also move, a coordinate transformation that involves smooth eye movements and retinal motion will be needed in order to estimate object motion in world coordinates. More recently, interactions between retinal and eye velocity signals have also been suggested to generate depth selectivity from motion parallax (MP) in the macaque middle temporal (MT) area. We explored whether the nature of the interaction between eye and retinal velocities in MT neurons favors one of these two possibilities or a mixture of both. We analyzed responses of MT neurons to retinal and eye velocities in a viewing context in which the observer translates laterally while maintaining visual fixation on a world-fixed target. In this scenario, the depth of an object can be inferred from the ratio between retinal velocity and eye velocity, according to the motion-pursuit law. Previous studies have shown that MT responses to retinal motion are gain-modulated by the direction of eye movement, suggesting a potential mechanism for depth tuning from MP. However, our analysis of the joint tuning profile for retinal and eye velocities reveals that some MT neurons show a partial coordinate transformation toward head coordinates. We formalized a series of computational models to predict neural spike trains as well as selectivity for depth, and we used factorial model comparisons to quantify the relative importance of each model component. Our findings for many MT neurons reveal that the data are equally well explained by gain modulation or a partial coordinate transformation toward head coordinates, although some responses can only be well fit by the coordinate transform model. Our results highlight the potential role of MT neurons in representing multiple higher-level sensory variables, including depth from MP and object motion in the world.
“Donald Gets Drafted”: Donald Duck at War and as Propaganda

This chapter locates the Duck during the war years, as a propaganda tool both foreign and domestic. Donald Duck joined the war effort (selling Canadian war bonds) even before the United States officially joined, and reflected a tradition that dated back to the early days of animation. Donald (and Disney in general) largely avoided the worst instincts of period propaganda films, marking the films as somewhat less racist and problematic than contemporary efforts, which I argue is a key component of Disney’s triumph in the post-war world. This chapter digs deeper still into the decision-making process that informed Disney’s entry into the war effort (and future success in Germany), and locates a few key individuals (Walter Wanger and Robert Carr) who informed the post-war approach to cultural diplomacy.
Masculinizing Gender Affirming Surgery

For many transgender individuals, pursuing gender-affirming surgery (GAS) to minimize gender incongruence—commonly referred to as gender dysphoria—is a medically necessary element of comprehensive ...
Early Versus Late Recurrence in Rectal Cancer: Does Timing Matter?

The definition of early recurrence (ER) in rectal cancer is unclear, and the association of ER with post-recurrence survival (PRS) is poorly described. We therefore sought to identify if time to recurrence (TTR) is associated with PRS. We reviewed all curative-intent resections of nonmetastatic rectal cancer from 2003 to 2018 in our institutional registry within an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Clinicopathologic data at diagnosis and first recurrence were collected and analyzed. ER was pre-specified at 0.99). On multivariable analysis, detection of recurrence via workup for symptoms, CEA > 10 ng/mL at recurrence, and site of recurrence were independently associated with PRS. ER is not associated with PRS in patients with resected rectal cancer. Symptomatic recurrences and those accompanied by CEA elevations are associated with worse PRS, while metastatic disease confined to the liver or lung is associated with improved PRS. Attention should be directed away from TTR and instead toward determining therapy for patients with treatable oligometastatic disease.
Novel functional copolymers of vinyl acetate: 1. Alkyl ring-substituted ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates

Alkyl ring-substituted ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2C2H5 (where R is 2-methyl, 3-methyl, 4-methyl, 4-ethyl, 4-isopropyl, 4-t-butyl, 4-trifluoromethyl, 2-trifluoromethyl) were prepared and copolymerized with vinyl acetate in solution with radical initiation. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. Thermal behavior of the copolymers was studied by DSC and TGA. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrogen occurred in two steps, first in the 200-500oC range with residue (13-16 wt%), which then decomposed in the 500-800oC range.
Tracking sixty years of income diversity within neighborhoods: The case of Chicago, 1950-2010

Abstract Lack of economic integration at the neighborhood scale is viewed as a significant problem given its association with aggregated advantage (concentrated wealth) or disadvantage (concentrated poverty). Scholarship on neighborhood-level social make-up has most often focused on the problem of racial and economic segregation, but we believe there are important insights and lessons to be drawn from analyzing the spatial, socio-economic and temporal patterns of neighborhoods that are income-diverse. How should income diverse neighborhoods be defined and measured, and what factors are associated with them in different time periods? We explore these characterizations using tract-level census data for Chicago covering three census years: 1950, 1980, and 2010. Very few tracts were persistently diverse in all time periods, and the profile of income diverse tracts changed with each decade. In 1950, diverse tracts were dense, White, and had lower median income than non-diverse tracts. Thirty years later, diverse tracts were gentrified, but they were not different racially, nor in built form, from non-diverse tracts. By 2010, diverse tracts were back to having lower median income, but unlike in 1950, they now had fewer Whites, fewer Blacks, and far more Hispanics than non-diverse tracts.
Marketing Microcomputer Hardware

The emergence of the microcomputer has brought high tech marketing concepts to the fore. This entire industry is new and provides an opportunity to study marketing behavior without a lot of historical baggage. This paper will illustrate techniques used in the marketing of microcomputers. Product life cycles, the influence of technology, price, promotion, physical distribution and the selection of target markets all affect the marketing effort. Each of these influences will be examined.
Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) Is Regulated by Food Intake, Improves Glucose Tolerance and Induces Mucinous Metaplasia

Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), also called intestinal trefoil factor or Itf, is a 59 amino acid peptide found as a homodimer predominantly along the gastrointestinal tract and in serum. TFF3 expression is elevated during gastrointestinal adenoma progression and has been shown to promote mucosal wound healing. Here we show that in contrast to other trefoil factor family members, TFF1 and TFF2, TFF3 is highly expressed in mouse duodenum, jejunum and ileum and that its expression is regulated by food intake. Overexpression of TFF3 using a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, or daily administration of recombinant TFF3 protein in vivo improved glucose tolerance in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Body weight, fasting insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol and leptin levels were not affected by TFF3 treatment. Induction of mucinous metaplasia was observed in mice with AAV-mediated TFF3 overexpression, however, no such adverse histological effect was seen after the administration of recombinant TFF3 protein. Altogether these results suggest that the therapeutic potential of targeting TFF3 to treat T2D may be limited.
Exploiting high performance Fortran for computational fluid dynamics

We discuss the High Performance Fortran data parallel programming language as an aid to software engineering and as a tool for exploiting High Performance Computing systems for computational fluid dynamics applications. We discuss the use of intrinsic functions, data distribution directives and explicitly parallel constructs to optimize performance by minimizing communications requirements in a portable manner. In particular we use an implicit method such as the ADI algorithm to illustrate the major issues. We focus on regular mesh problems, since these can be efficiently represented by the existing HPF definition, but also discuss issues arising from the use of irregular meshes that are influencing a revised definition for HPF-2. Some of the codes discussed are available on the World Wide Web at http://www.npac.syr.edu/hpfa/ alongwith other educational and discussion material related to applications in HPF.
Lori Rotskoff and Laura L. Lovett, ed. When We Were Free to Be: Looking Back at a Children's Classic and the Difference it Made.

Children of the 1970s are likely to recall Free to Be … You and Me as one of the most distinctive cultural artifacts of their formative years. Published initially as a children's book in 1972 and p...
Heterodyne Receiver Requirements for the Single Aperture Far-Infrared (SAFIR) Observatory

In the next few years, work will commence in earnest on the development of technology for the next generation large cryogenic far-infrared telescope: the Single Aperture Far- Infrared (SAFIR) Observatory. SAFIR's science goals are driven by the fact that youngest stages of almost all phenomena in the universe are shrouded in absorption by cool dust, resulting in the energy being emitted primarily in the far-infrared. The earliest stages of star formation, when gas and dust clouds are collapsing and planets forming, can only be observed in the far-infrared. Spectral diagnostics in the far-infrared are typically quite narrow (approx. 1 km/s) and require high sensitivity to detect them. SAFIR is a 10 m-class telescope designed for cryogenic operation at L2, removing all sources of thermal emission from the telescope and atmosphere. Despite its limited collecting area and angular resolution as compared to the ALMA interferometer, its potential for covering the entire far-infrared band cannot be matched by any ground-based or airborne observatory. This places a new challenge on heterodyne receivers: broad frequency coverage. The ideal mixer would be able to detect frequencies over several octaves (e.g., 0.6 THz - 12 THz) with near quantum-limited performance at all frequencies. In contrast to ground-based observatories, it may not be necessary to strive for high instantaneous bandwidth, as direct detection spectroscopy is preferable for bandwidths of Delta v/ v greater than or equal to 10(exp -4) (e.g., 1 GHz at 10 THz). We consider likely directions for technology development for heterodyne receivers for SAFIR.
Chapter 9 Evolutionary approaches to computational biology

This chapter examines the evolutionary approaches, each inspired in some way by the processes of natural evolution. Many sequence analysis problems are optimization problems. The formulation of an optimization problem has two primary components: the search space and the fitness function. The search space for an optimization problem is the set of all possible solutions, or answers, to a question. The fitness function is the measure used to determine how good a particular answer is; therefore, the fitness function determines which answer is the best. An optimization problem, then, becomes a problem of searching the space of all possible answers and finding the best one. Analogous to the genotype–phenotype distinction known in the genetics community, a particular solution to a problem is different from a representation of that solution. These differences are sometimes meaningless. In particular, if there is a one-to-one correspondence between solutions and their encodings as solutions, the differences become less relevant. In many practical problems, there are competing representation schemes for the problem. Additionally, there might be multiple representations for the same solution under a particular representation scheme. The particular representation choice determines the search space for the problem.
Multilocular renal cyst. Angiographic, ultrasonic, and cyst-puncture findings.

Abstract Multilocular renal cysts are rare lesions which can be diagnosed preoperatively by correlating seemingly discordant angiographic and ultrasonic findings. Cyst puncture and injection are confirmatory. Preoperative diagnosis permits cyst removal rather than nephrectomy.
The Relationship between Temperament and Life Satisfaction in Early Adolescence: Cognitive and Behavioral Mediation Models

This study investigated the interrelationships among temperament, social self-efficacy, social competence, and life satisfaction in a sample of 160 early adolescents. A model was proposed based on previous research by Argyle and Lu (1990, Personality and Individual Differences 11, pp. 1255–1261) in which social competence mediates the relationship between temperament (i.e. extraversion and neuroticism) and life satisfaction. However, this study extended the work of Argyle and Lu by including an objective measure of social competence, in addition to a measure of social self-efficacy, to test as a potential mediator between temperament and life satisfaction. Results indicated that social self-efficacy mediated the relationship between extraversion and life satisfaction, but not between neuroticism and life satisfaction. Teacher-rated social competence did not mediate the effects of temperament on life satisfaction. The importance of integrating theories of trait psychology and cognitive psychology in adolescent life satisfaction research is discussed.
Motion-only video compression

Video compression standards are all based on a hybrid coding approach, where the video frames are represented partially as motion information and partially as (residual) intensity information. In this paper we present a new approach to video coding, where the video sequences are represented through motion information only. The new coding approach builds upon the traditional block-based motion compensation scheme, with the residual information coded as motion rather than intensity. Simulations show that the new approach allows video sequences to be coded more efficiently than with the standard hybrid approach. Moreover, the new coding scheme results in significantly clearer images than the standard coding approach. >
Logic Programming with Defaults and Argumentation Theories

We define logic programs with defaults and argumentation theories, a new framework that unifies most of the earlier proposals for defeasible reasoning in logic programming. We present a model-theoretic semantics and study its reducibility and well-behavior properties. We use the framework as an elegant and flexible foundation to extend and improve upon Generalized Courteous Logic Programs (GCLP) [19]--one of the popular forms of defeasible reasoning. The extensions include higher-order and object-oriented features of Hilog and F-Logic [7,21]. The improvements include much simpler, incremental reasoning algorithms and more intuitive behavior. The framework and its Courteous family instantiation were implemented as an extension to the FLORA-2 system.
Rotational Spectrum of HNO3in the ν5and 2ν9Vibrational States

Abstract The millimeter/submillimeter transitions of the ν 5 –2ν 9 interacting bands of HNO 3 have been measured in the symmetric top limit. Torsional splittings in both vibrational bands have been observed. The 2ν 9 splitting is due to the torsional motion of H around the NO whereas the ν 5 splitting is due to the large mixing with 2ν 9 . An analysis is presented in which a Fermi interaction, 2 sets of 2ν 9 rotational constants, and one set of ν 5 rotational constants are used to account for all of the perturbation and torsional splitting observed in the spectrum. The 860 lines used in this analysis are fit to 91 kHz.
Pareto-Improving Coordination Policies in Queueing Systems with Independent Service Agents

Coordination policies that balance server loads are well known for improving queueing-system performance. However, in queueing systems with independent service agents that may decline to participate in the coordination mechanism, a sustainable policy must not only benefit the system, but also each individual agent. As a motivating example, we use the emergency-medicine setting: Emergency departments act as independent agents and overcrowding has a direct impact on the service quality. In such settings, agents are interested in performance measures that address the expected number of patients and the risk of being overcrowded; at the same time, the agents do not want to see a reduction in the expected revenue or market share as a result of coordination. We propose coordination policies that provide improvement on multiple performance measures for all agents and guarantee that the expected arrival rate and hence, the expected revenue, is preserved for each agent in the system.
“Surfing Alone”: The Relationships among Internet Communities, Public Opinion, Anomie, and Civic Participation

Robert Putnam noted in his seminal essay “Bowling Alone” (1995) that the rich associational life that characterized Americans was being lost. He introduced the idea of “social capital”, or the formal and informal relationships among individuals, as correlates of social trust and civic engagement in a society. Robert Putnam neglected to note a more critical threat to social capital and traditional associations than “bowling alone”, however—the relatively new phenomenon of “surfing alone”, whereby individuals link to each other through the Internet. While this has often been hailed as a means of creating communities across spatial boundaries, it limits the face-to-face contact that has been critical to the political power of traditional organizations. As such, it provides an illusion of community that is a weaker counter-force to a dominant class. Further, as an international phenomenon, it has the potential to affect the levels of social capital on a global basis. This paper attempts to study the effects of “surfing alone” within the “internet community”, using data from the Saguaro Seminar at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. This project utilizes forty-one community-based samples from the study, for a total of 26,230 respondents in the United States. My paper concludes that the internet has a profound effect upon public opinion and civic associational life. To the extent that online contact replaces other forms of civic association, it promotes a public that is more isolated, less tolerant, and more susceptible to anomie than the traditional relationships.
Neuroprotection by pharmacologic blockade of the GAPDH death cascade

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) participates in a cell death cascade wherein a variety of stimuli activate nitric oxide (NO) synthases with NO nitrosylating GAPDH, conferring on it the ability to bind to Siah, an E3-ubiquitin-ligase, whose nuclear localization signal enables the GAPDH/Siah protein complex to translocate to the nucleus where degradation of Siah targets elicits cell death. R-(−)-Deprenyl (deprenyl) ameliorates the progression of disability in early Parkinson’s disease and also has neuroprotective actions. We show that deprenyl and a related agent, TCH346, in subnanomolar concentrations, prevent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH, the binding of GAPDH to Siah, and nuclear translocation of GAPDH. In mice treated with the dopamine neuronal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), low doses of deprenyl prevent binding of GAPDH and Siah1 in the dopamine-enriched corpus striatum.
Self-with-other representations and the organization of the self

Abstract Theories of the development of self and personality processes have tended to focus either on structural or on dynamic processes. In this essay I outline a theory, Dynamic Integration Theory, which proposes that these two aspects can be integrated by expanding on Piaget’s concept of representation as a relationship between self and object to one between a self and an other. Thus as in development, representations increase in cognitive complexity, the affective dynamics of self in relation to the social world are dynamically reorganized as new cognitive and affective systems differentiate and eventually evolve higher-order integrations. However, since the capacity for integration depends on a context of well-regulated emotional activation, Dynamic Integration Theory also defines typical deviations from the ideal of integration in the form of over- or under-differentiation. The resulting variations in integration have significance for describing optimal developmental pathways as well as deviations from those pathways. These aspects are exemplified by analyses from an ongoing project on cognitive-affective development from adolescence to late life.
Z′ discovery limits for supersymmetric E6 models

We study how the exotic particles and supersymmetric partners would affect the discovery limit at the Tevatron and LHC for neutral gauge bosons in generic ${E}_{6}$ models. We examine the ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ decay in the extreme case that all of the particles are massless, then consider how the masses of nonstandard model particles will affect the discovery limit. We also calculate the discovery limit for a supersymmetric ${E}_{6}$ model with a secluded sector as a concrete example of a model with a definite set of exotic particles. Its discovery limit is small compared with other ${E}_{6}$ models due to the ${U}^{\ensuremath{'}}(1)$ charge assignment.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program for Childcare Professionals: Comparison of a Web-Based and In-Person Training

Recent prevention research has established the efficacy of some child sexual abuse prevention programs targeting adults; however, less is known about the feasibility of implementing such programs. The current study examines the feasibility and acceptability of a child sexual abuse prevention program for child care professionals provided in two different formats: in person and Web based. The sample consisted of 188 child care professionals from a large-scale, multisite, randomized controlled trial. Findings indicate that both in-person and online training formats are feasible to implement and acceptable to professionals. When comparing formats, the in-person format was favored in terms of comfort level and likelihood of sharing information with others. These findings have significant implications for dissemination of child sexual abuse prevention programs for child care professionals.