cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frequency Response Assessment and Enhancement of the U.S. Power Grids Toward Extra-High Photovoltaic Generation Penetrations—An Industry Perspective

Nonsynchronous generators such as photovoltaics (PVs) are expected to undermine bulk power systems (BPSs)’ frequency response at high penetration levels. Though the underlying mechanism has been relatively well understood, the accurate assessment and effective enhancement of the U.S. interconnections’ frequency response under extra-high PV penetration conditions remains an issue. In this paper, the industry-provided full-detail interconnection models were further validated by synchrophasor frequency measurements and realistically-projected PV geographic distribution information were used to develop extra-high PV penetration scenarios and dynamic models for the three main U.S. interconnections, including Eastern Interconnection (EI), Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), and Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). Up to 65% instantaneous PV and 15% wind penetration were simulated and the frequency response change trend of each U.S. interconnection due to the increasing PV penetration level were examined. Most importantly, the practical solutions to address the declining frequency response were discussed. This paper will provide valuable guidance for policy makers, utility operators and academic researchers not only in the U.S. but also other countries in the world.
Results, Refills, and Critical Communication

Timely, accurate, and effective communication of results, provision of medicine refills, and appropriate response to patient messages are essential components of continuity of care. This chapter provides recommendations regarding resident result communication to patients and for handling refill requests of noncontrolled medications.
Effects of increased venous pressure on albumin- and IgG-excluded volumes in muscle

The effect of elevated venous pressure on the extravascular distribution space of albumin and gamma-immunoglobulin G (IgG) in muscle was studied in anesthetized rabbits. In nine rabbits, venous pressure in one leg was increased from 8 to 28 mmHg while the other leg served as a control. Samples of plasma and prenodal muscle lymph were collected for 4 h before taking samples of the gastrocnemius muscle. Lymph was collected from a femoral lymphatic after ligating the popliteal efferent lymphatic. The extracellular and plasma spaces in the tissue samples were measured using 51Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 125I-human serum albumin, respectively. The protein spaces were calculated from measurements of endogenous albumin and IgG concentrations using rocket electroimmunoassay. Albumin and IgG were both excluded from 50% of the interstitial space at lymph concentration. After venous congestion, the interstitial volume was twice that of control. Lymph flow increased from 0.82 +/- 0.18 to 4.44 +/- 0.64 microliters/min. The extravascular mass of albumin and IgG increased. There was no change in the excluded volume fraction for albumin but a decrease in that for IgG. Changes in interstitial protein exclusion in skeletal muscle after pressure elevation may not be important in oncotic buffering of the edema.
Towards scalable event tracing for high end systems

Although event tracing of parallel applications offers highly detailed performance information, tracing on current leading edge systems may lead to unacceptable perturbation of the target program and unmanageably large trace files. High end systems of the near future promise even greater scalability challenges. Development of more scalable approaches requires a detailed understanding of the interactions between current approaches and high end runtime environments. In this paper we present the results of studies that examine several sources of overhead related to tracing: instrumentation, differing trace buffer sizes, periodic buffer flushes to disk, system changes, and increasing numbers of processors in the target application. As expected, the overhead of instrumentation correlates strongly with the number of events; however, our results indicate that the contribution of writing the trace buffer increases with increasing numbers of processors. We include evidence that the total overhead of tracing is sensitive to the underlying file system.
Effect of photooxidation on the eye lens and role of nutrients in delaying cataract

The function of the eye lens is to collect and focus light on the retina. To do so, it must remain clear during the decades of life. Upon aging, lens constituents are damaged and precipitate in opacities called senile cataracts. Laboratory and epidemiologic data indicate that the damage is due in part to light and active forms of oxygen. Antioxidant nutrients — ascorbate, carotenoids, and tocopherol — appear to offer protection against cataract.
Hospital Participation in Community Partnerships to Improve Health

Article-at-a-Glance Background The core business of hospitals now requires, for both competitiveness and quality improvement reasons, that hospitals move beyond their physical and conceptual walls to form community partnerships. The hospital’s role as a partner in community-based health improvement systems Hospitals, as organizations that are significant health care, social, and economic institutions in their communities, should play a leading role in mobilizing resources for such community-level health improvement efforts. Moving outside the walls to improve quality Three examples of extending hospital efforts into the community demonstrate that improvement of a problem involving hospital care can derive from a collaborative, community-based activity. In Boston, infection control-once a standard, strictly in-house procedure-has been forced by altered patterns of hospital use to become a largely community-based process. In Chicago, a variety of health care providers and community representatives have worked effectively to reduce mortality and morbidity in a single disease (asthma) model. In Akron, Ohio, Lifelink program hospitals, working together with community agencies and groups in a door-to-door neighborhood program, improved the effectiveness of prenatal care and the quality of birth outcomes. Conclusion Efforts to work with community groups to improve health status should not be simply an optional do-good endeavor, as they have often been in the past, but rather an essential part of quality improvement and good business practice. Marketplace incentives will increasingly reward hospitals that are able to form successful community partnerships.
Dynamic dependencies and performance improvement

The art of performance tuning is, alas, still an art; there are few tools to help predict the effects of changes that are motivated by performance needs. In this work, we present dynamic dependency modeling techniques for predicting the effects of configuration changes. These techniques utilize a simple, exterior model of the system under test, and only require codifying the nature of dependencies between subsystems. With a few examples, we demonstrate how to utilize these models to predict the impact of system changes. Using simple tools and a reasoning process, it is possible to answer many questions about possible performance enhancements. The impact of this work is to advance performance tuning a small amount - from being an art toward becoming a science.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Ratio Versus Conventional ADC for Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer With 3-T MRI

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the apparent diffusion coefficient ratio (ADCratio; the ADC of the suspected prostate cancer [PCa] focus on MRI divided by the...
A 10nm-Thick Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Piezoelectric Transducer for Extreme Miniaturization of Integrated Sensors and Actuators

This paper reports the thinnest ever-reported piezoelectric transducer for realization of extremely miniaturized nanomechanical sensors and actuators. A 10nm hafnium-zirconium-oxide (Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 ) (HZO) film is engineered through atomic-level stacking, capping with titanium-nitride electrodes, and proper rapid-thermal-annealing treatment to promote non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic crystallization with large piezoelectric properties. The developed 10nm HZO transducer is used for excitation of a silicon-based multi-morph nanomechanical resonator, with an overall thickness of ~350nm. The developed resonator, along with 120nm aluminum-nitride (AlN) transduced counterparts, are also used as test-vehicles to characterize the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the HZO film. Benefiting from large piezoelectric coefficient $(e_{31,HZO}\approx 2.3e_{31AlN})$ , fully conformal deposition, and CMOS-compatibility, ALD-deposited HZO transducer paves the way for radical miniaturization of nano-systems, realization of 3D nano-actuators, and extreme frequency scaling and monolithic integration of RF front-ends for the emerging 5G wireless communication systems.
A Comparison of Inducible Gene Expression Platforms: Implications for Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) Vector-Mediated Ocular Gene Therapy

The ability to temporally control levels of a therapeutic protein in vivo is vital for the development of safe and efficacious gene therapy treatments for autosomal dominant or complex retinal diseases, where uncontrolled transgene overexpression may lead to deleterious off-target effects and accelerated disease progression. While numerous platforms exist that allow for modulation of gene expression levels – ranging from inducible promoters to destabilizing domains – many have drawbacks that make them less than ideal for use in recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors, which over the past two decades have become the mainstay technology for mediating gene delivery to the retina. Herein, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of three major gene expression platforms with regard to their suitability for ocular gene therapy applications.
Macroevolutionary analysis of discrete traits with rate heterogeneity

Organismal traits show dramatic variation in phylogenetic patterns of origin and loss across the Tree of Life. Understanding the causes and consequences of this variation depends critically on accounting for heterogeneity in rates of trait evolution among lineages. Here, we describe a method for modeling among-lineage evolutionary rate heterogeneity in a trait with two discrete states. The method assumes that the present-day distribution of a binary trait is shaped by a mixture of stochastic processes in which the rate of evolution varies among lineages in a phylogeny. The number and location of rate changes, which we refer to as rate-shift events, are inferred automatically from the data. Simulations reveal that the method accurately reconstructs rates of trait evolution and ancestral character states even when simulated data violate model assumptions. We apply the method to an empirical dataset of mimetic coloration in snakes and find elevated rates of trait evolution in two clades of harmless snakes that are broadly sympatric with dangerously venomous New World coral snakes, recapitulating an earlier analysis of the same dataset. Although the method performed well on many simulated data sets, we caution that overall power for inferring heterogeneous dynamics of single binary traits is low.
A hybrid genetic algorithm with chemical reaction optimization for multiple sequence alignment.

Multiple Sequence alignment is the ultimate challenging tasks of biological science. It is used for comparison or difference or similarities in these sequences of data. Here, we applied a pragmatic Genetic Algorithm (GA) & Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) apparently the most suitable and familiar expansion technique and influenced by the natural genetic structure. Inquiring the magnificent alignment of a biological sequence set is classified as an NP-hard optimization problem for that, GA-CRO algorithms are capable to drive this complication. To find good results, we are going to show the benchmark dataset, the suggested approach is compared with those of the current tools like the SB-PIMA, SAGA, RBT-GA and GAPAM, HMMT. The simulation results recommend that our method be a viable solution with the other methods in terms of efficiency with the appropriate selection of parameters.
Critique on the Use of Early Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Minor Acute Cerebral Ischemic Events.

Background Two recent cerebrovascular studies, Clopidogrel (Clo) in High-risk patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) and Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and minor ischemic stroke (POINT), have purportedly demonstrated the superiority of early dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), using aspirin (ASA) plus Clo, in comparison to ASA alone following the occurrence of acute minor cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack. However, limitations to these trials exist that may not have been adequately explored and presented in the literature, and which may impact the overall efficacy and benefit of DAPT in these situations. Herein we provide a detailed and extensive critique of these 2 trials and of a combined analysis, with particular attention to study data and analyses pertaining to hemorrhagic complications. Summary DAPT may be superior to ASA alone in preventing recurrent cerebral ischemic events, but exclusively during the first 7-10 days of treatment, and probably only in the presence of acute infarction on cerebral imaging. The impact of minor hemorrhages, which are often clinically consequential and which frequently lead to permanent DAPT discontinuation, has not been adequately considered in the available analyses. Based on data from the trials, DAPT use causes more major and minor hemorrhages than ASA use alone or Clo alone, and Clo use results in fewer hemorrhages than the use of ASA alone. Analyses that include hemorrhage data from the period of Clo alone use as part of the DAPT data may provide inaccurate and erroneous conclusions regarding the relative safety and overall net benefit of DAPT use over ASA alone.
Merupa Wujud Evangelikalisme di Indonesia: Suatu Usulan Awal

Artikel ini merupakan suatu usulan awal untuk mengejawantahkan bagaimana rupa “muka publik” dari gerakan injili di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan membahas siapakah kaum injili di Indonesia, ka-rakteristik teologis dari kaum injili, dan wujud usulan partisipasi gerakan injili di Indonesia. Karakteristik teologis dari kaum injili yang penulis usulkan adalah modifikasi dari Quadrilateral Bebbington, yaitu Pentagram Larsen. Sebagai dampaknya, artikel ini ingin mengusulkan dua gerakan dari merupa wujud gerakan injili di Indonesia, yaitu gerakan ke dalam dan gerakan keluar. Gerakan ke dalam ini merupakan semangat gereja untuk terus mereformasi diri, sedangkan gerakan ke luar ini merupakan semangat gereja untuk mereformasi kondisi sosial. Inilah suatu usulan awal dari merupa wujud gerakan injili di Indonesia. This article was written as a preliminary opinion to explore the "public face" of evangelicalism as a movement in Indonesia. Furthermore, this article will discuss who are the evangelicals in Indonesia, the theological characteristics from the evangelicals, and the form of evangelical's participation in Indonesia. The writer will argue that the modification from Bebbington's Quadrilateral, Larsen's Pentagram, can be theological characteristics from the evangelicals in Indonesia. As a consequence, this article will propose two ways of movements from evangelicalism in Indonesia, which are the inward and outward movements. The inward movement is the spirit of the evangelical church to reform itself, while the outward flow is the eagerness of the evangelical church to reform the social condition. Thus, these are initial observations for shaping evangelicalism in Indonesia.
Response to the letter: Addressing barriers to access in mutual mentorship programmes.

Dear Editor We appreciate the letter to the editor from a group of academic junior doctors and medical students in the UK and agree with them that Mutual Mentoring is underutilized and necessary as...
That's Fake News! Reliability of News When Provided Title, Image, Source Bias & Full Article

As news is increasingly spread through social media platforms, the problem of identifying misleading or false information (colloquially called "fake news'') has come into sharp focus. There are many factors which may help users judge the accuracy of news articles, ranging from the text itself to meta-data like the headline, an image, or the bias of the originating source. In this research, participants (\textitn = 175) of various political ideological leaning categorized news articles as real or fake based on either article text or meta-data. We used a mixed methods approach to investigate how various article elements (news title, image, source bias, and excerpt) impact users' accuracy in identifying real and fake news. We also compared human performance to automated detection based on the same article elements and found that automated techniques were more accurate than our human sample while in both cases the best performance came not from the article text itself but when focusing on some elements of meta-data. Adding the source bias does not help humans, but does help computer automated detectors. Open-ended responses suggested that the image in particular may be a salient element for humans detecting fake news.
Improving the Assessment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a public health problem of epidemic proportions. The Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (FNASS) is the tool most widely used to evaluate NAS. However, it is limited by its lack of interrater reliability and standardized approach. Surveys to evaluate the FNASS were distributed to nurses at the Women and Infants Hospital in Providence, RI, USA. Infants (n = 78) treated for NAS and born to methadone-maintained mothers were examined to compare items administered from the FNASS and the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). All nurses reported that the FNASS was somewhat to very subjective. More than half reported that it was somewhat to not accurate and a new scoring method is needed to accurately diagnose NAS. Correlations between FNASS items and NNNS items showed 9 of 32 (28.1%) correlations were strong (rs > 0.5), 5 of 32 (15.6%) were moderate (0.3 < rs < 0.5), and 10 of 32 (31.3%) were weak (0.1 < rs < 0.3). Principal component factor analysis (PCA) of the NNNS explained more variance (35.1%) than PCA of NNNS and FNASS items combined (33.1%). The nursing survey supported the need for developing a more objective exam to assess NAS. NNNS exam items may be used to improve the evaluation of NAS.
Preeclampsia Across Pregnancies and Associated Risk Factors: Findings From a High-Risk US Birth Cohort

Background Preeclampsia increases women's risks for maternal morbidity and future cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to identify opportunities for prevention by examining the association between cardiometabolic risk factors and preeclampsia across 2 pregnancies among women in a high-risk US birth cohort. Methods and Results Our sample included 618 women in the Boston Birth Cohort with index and subsequent pregnancy data collected using standard protocols. We conducted log-binomial univariate regression models to examine the association between preeclampsia in the subsequent pregnancy (defined as incident or recurrent preeclampsia) and cardiometabolic risk factors (ie, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, low birth weight, and gestational diabetes mellitus) diagnosed before and during the index pregnancy, and between index and subsequent pregnancies. At the subsequent pregnancy, 7% (36/540) had incident preeclampsia and 42% (33/78) had recurrent preeclampsia. Compared with women without obesity, women with obesity had greater risk of incident preeclampsia (unadjusted risk ratio [RR], 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1-4.5]) and recurrent preeclampsia (unadjusted RR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.5-6.7]). Preindex pregnancy chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus were associated with incident, but not recurrent, preeclampsia (hypertension unadjusted RR, 7.9 [95% CI, 4.1-15.3]; diabetes mellitus unadjusted RR, 5.2 [95% CI, 2.5-11.1]. Women with new interpregnancy hypertension versus those without had a higher risk of incident and recurrent preeclampsia (incident preeclampsia unadjusted RR, 6.1 [95% CI, 2.9-13]); recurrent preeclampsia unadjusted RR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.5-3.9]). Conclusions In this diverse sample of high-risk US women, we identified modifiable and treatable risk factors, including obesity and hypertension for the prevention of preeclampsia.
Principles of Cryoablation

Cryoablation is a minimally invasive treatment option that utilizes cryogens to apply freezing temperatures and destroy target tissues. It may be used as a primary treatment for localized tumors or as a palliative therapy for large or painful tumors. Improvements in image guidance allowing for real-time monitoring and improvements in cryoablative equipment with enhanced freezing capacity and smaller diameter cryoapplicators are fostering the continued development of this well-tolerated treatment in many clinical settings.
The patient-provider relationship: opportunities as well as problems.

The doctor-patient relationship may be threatened by new financial and organizational arrangements that raise concerns about conflicts of interest and weaken patient trust. Consider a 34-year-old salesman who presents with a 6-day history of low-back pain without neurologic symptoms. The pain started when he twisted to pick up his 14-month-old daughter. Although the pain has improved somewhat with bed rest, ibuprofen, and a heating pad at night, he is concerned because he has not previously experienced such persistent back pain. He is otherwise healthy and has no neurologic findings or bone tenderness. He wants to see an orthopedic surgeon or get a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. “I've done what the nurse advised when I called in, but I still haven't recovered. This is more serious than the back problems I've had in the past,” he says. In this situation, practice guidelines do not recommend referral to a specialist or imaging studies because of the low likelihood of serious disease and the high likelihood that symptoms will resolve on continued conservative therapy. However, patients in managed care may question whether the referral and tests truly are not indicated, or whether physicians are simply trying to save money for themselves, the physician group, or the health care plan. Furthermore, patients may question whether physicians are exercising independent clinical judgment or merely doing what the managed care organization directs them to do. Even a perception that physicians have conflicts of interest may lead patients to question physicians' recommendations to forgo referrals or tests, no matter how sound the recommendations. As a result, trust in physicians may be undermined. In this article, I will analyze conflicts of interest in the doctor-patient relationship and the opportunities within managed care to strengthen the patient-provider relationship and to teach about it. I will focus on the doctor-patient relationship because patients presenting for care are more concerned about what the doctor (or nurse practitioner) says and recommends than about doctor-doctor relationships or doctor-organization relationships.
Development of a laboratory animal model for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Guinea pigs, gerbils, voles, golden hamsters and Chinese hamsters exposed to experimental infection with Moraxella bovis by ocular instillation or associated routes showed transient infections only and no clinical signs. Five strains of mice were of similarly low susceptibility but another, the C57 Bl strain, was relatively susceptible and treatment with corticosteroid before infection regularly produced keratoconjunctivitis. This system therefore offers a promising model for studies on infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.
Other chimeras: quail-duck and mouse-chick.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes major techniques and methods that generally employ to generate either quail–duck or mouse–chick chimeras. It presents a few examples of types of experiments that have already proven successful and yielded valuable information. The avian embryo is easily accessible for experimental manipulations and highly suitable for embryological and molecular procedures, such as microsurgical grafting of tissues and cells, use of markers to track cell lineages, and perturbation of gene function by electroporation or transfection with genetic material, there are limitations to the system as a genetic model. In contrast, the mouse embryo is well studied as a mammalian genetic model using transgenesis and gene targeting but is not easily amenable to embryological manipulations. Limitations that hinder the use of the avian and mouse models separately are successfully circumvented by performing mouse–chick tissue recombination experiments and by generating mouse–chick and/ or mouse–quail chimeras. Heterogeneous chimeras composed of donor and host parts can help identify embryonic events that regulate the spatial and temporal patterning of anatomical elements, reveal the hierarchical levels of organization that enable precise structural and functional integration, elucidate signaling interactions that drive histogenic differentiation, and point to molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie species-specific evolution. The potential for novel applications of quail–duck and mouse–chick chimeras is great, especially in conjunction with the rapid advancement of modern techniques in genomics, proteomics, stem cells, and regenerative medicine.
The effect of fat content on the quality of ground beef patties

Abstract Ground beef patties were prepared containing varying fat levels (4, 12, 20 and 30%). They were cooked under standardized conditions and trained sensory panelists evaluated each treatment for differences in juiciness, tenderness, aroma, beef flavor intensity, and overall eating quality. In addition, cooking loss was determined. In general, increasing fat levels resulted in higher juiciness and tenderness scores (P .05)
PASP: Policy based approach for sensor planning

Capabilities of mobile autonomous systems is often limited by the sensory constraints. Range sensors moving in a fixed pattern are commonly used as sensing modalities on mobile robots. The performance of these sensors can be augmented by actively controlling their configuration for minimizing the expected cost of the mission. The related information gain problem in NP hard. Current methodologies are either computationally too expensive to run online or make simplifying assumptions that fail in complex environments. We present a method to create and learn a policy that maps features calculated online to sensory actions. The policy developed in this work actively controls a nodding lidar to keep the vehicle safe at high velocities and focuses the sensor bandwidth on gaining information relevant for the mission once safety is ensured. It is validated and evaluated on an autonomous full-scale helicopter (Boeing Unmanned Little Bird) equipped with an actively controlled nodding laser. It is able to keep the vehicle safe at its maximum operating velocity, 56 m=s, and reduce the landing zone evaluation time by 500% as compared to passive nodding. The structure of the policy and efficient learning algorithm should generalize to provide a solution for actively controlling a sensor for keeping a mobile robots safe while exploring regions of interest to the robot.
Visual guidance of recovery from lens‐induced myopia in tree shrews (Tupaia glis belangeri)

Purpose To examine, in tree shrews, the visual guidance of recovery from negative lens-induced myopia by measuring the effect of wearing low-power negative or positive lenses during recovery. To learn if removing a negative lens for two hours per day, after compensation has occurred, is sufficient to produce recovery.
Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy following pelvic irradiation. Five year survival rates for the years 1930-1959.

Abstract Eighty-seven Wertheim hysterectomies with pelvic lymphadenectomy performed at the University of Iowa Hospitals between 1930 and December, 1959, are reviewed. Most cases had some form of irradiation therapy preoperatively and in recent years this has been cervical radium 6 weeks prior to operation. Patients treated operatively with and without preoperative irradiation for Stage I cervical carcinoma with lesions less than 1 cm, in diameter had a 90 per cent 5 year survival. Those with a lesion greater than 1 cm. in diameter had an 81 per cent 5 year survival, and those with Stage II lesions had a 60 per cent 5 year survival. Comparative results between patients who received preoperative irradiation and those who did not could not be evaluated because of the small numbers. Patients with residual cervical carcinoma following complete radiation therapy who were treated by operation had a 75 per cent 5 year survival. Patients operated upon for recurrent cervical carcinoma had a 58 per cent 5 year survival. While we continue to feel that irradiation therapy is the treatment of choice for cervical carcinoma, the above series justifies surgical therapy in a select group of patients.
Temperature Measurement Inside Protective Headgear: Comparison With Core Temperatures and Indicators of Physiological Strain During Exercise in a Hot Environment

Non-invasive temperature monitoring with a sensor inside protective headgear may be effective in detecting temperatures that are associated with heat illness. The purpose was to establish the relationship between in-hardhat temperatures (Tih) and core temperature (Tc) as measured by rectal (Tre) and esophageal (Tes) probes.Thirty males (age 24.57 ± 4.32 yrs.) completed two trials: continuous submaximal exercise (CSE) and a series of high intensity 30-s sprints (HIE) with a one-minute rest between each. Exercise in both conditions was in a 36°C environment (40% RH) while wearing a standard hardhat with sensors mounted on the forehead that were monitored remotely. Exercise continued until voluntary termination or until Tc reached 39.5°C. Temperatures, heart rate, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses were monitored throughout. A physiological strain index (PSI) was calculated from Tc and HR.The final temperatures in the CSE condition were 38.77 ± 0.41, 38.90 ± 0.49 and 39.29 ± 0.58°C and in the HIE co...
A power capping controller for multicore processors

This paper presents an online controller for tracking power-budgets in multicore processors using dynamic voltage-frequency scaling. The proposed control law comprises an integral controller whose gain is adjusted online based on the derivative of the power-frequency relationship. The control law is designed to achieve rapid settling time, and it's tracking property is formally proven. Importantly, the controller design does not require off-line analysis of application workloads making it feasible for emerging heterogeneous and asymmetric multicore processors. Simulation results are presented for controlling power dissipation in multiple cores of an asymmetric multicore processor. Each core is i) equipped with the controller, ii) assigned a power budget, and iii) operates independently in tracking to its power budget. We use a cycle-level multi-core simulator driven by traces from SPEC2006 benchmarks demonstrating that the proposed algorithm achieves a faster settling time than examples of a static setting of the controller gain.
Issues and approaches to supporting timeliness and security in real-time database systems

Databases for real-time systems are essential in supporting time-critical applications. However, there has not been much work in supporting security in real-time database systems, although sensitive information must be safeguarded in real-time systems as well. In this paper we address the issues that need to be considered for supporting both requirements of timeliness and security in real-time database systems. We present an adaptive policy to achieve the balance between the two requirements dynamically. We also present the notion of flexible security and the specification language that allows the designer to specify important properties of the database at an appropriate level.
Effects of molding temperature and pressure on properties of soy protein polymers

Because of the worldwide environmental pollution problem with petroleum polymers, soy protein polymers have been considered as alternatives for biodegradable plastics. The objective of this research was to study the curing behavior of soy protein isolates (SPIs) for that application. The molding variables of temperature, pressure, and time and curing quality factors of tensile strength, strain, and water resistance were evaluated. The maximum stress of 42.9 MPa and maximum strain of 4.61% of the specimen were obtained when SPI was molded at 150°C and 20 MPa for 5 min. The water absorption of the specimen decreased as molding temperature and time increased. Glycerol greatly improved the flexibility of the specimen but decreased its strength. For SPI with 25% glycerol added, the maximum stress and strain of about 12 MPa and 140%, respectively, were achieved when the specimen was molded at 140°C for 5 min. Molding temperature, pressure, and time are major parameters influencing the curing quality of soy protein polymers. At fixed pressure, the molding temperature and time had significant interactive effects on curing quality. At high temperature (e.g., at 150°C) it took about 3 min to reach optimum curing quality; however, at low temperature (120°C) it took about 10 min to reach optimum curing quality. The maximum strength and strain of the cured protein polymer occurred at the molding temperature close to its phase transition temperature or about 40°C below its exothermic temperature. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2595–2602, 1999
A Comparison of Major United States Religious Groups

Abstract Religious, demographic, and economic data gathered on three Survey Research Center studies have been analyzed by major religious groups. The analysis indicates only slight differences in sex composition, marital status, and age structure among Protestants, Roman Catholics, and Jews except for a middle-aged concentration among Episcopalians and Presbyterians. People who report they are without a religion are heavily male and have a larger percentage single than does the nation as a whole. The number of children in Jewish, Episcopalian and Presbyterian families is similar, but smaller than the number in the other religious groups. On education, occupation, and income, the religious groups can be separated into three descending ranks: (1) a top-rank, having large percentages of college graduates and white collar workers, and enjoying high incomes, composed of Episcopalians, Jews, and Presbyterians; (2) a middle rank, containing smaller percentages of college graduates and white collar workers, and e...
Isolation of labeled triiodothyronine from serum using affinity chromatography: Application to the estimation of the peripheral T4 to T3 conversion in rats

Abstract A method for the isolation of small quantities of labeled 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T 3 ∗ ) from serum or thyroid extracts is described. Conjugates of rabbit anti-T 3 antibody to Sepharose 4B are incubated with 0.5 to 1 ml of human or rat serum at pH 8.6 for 1 hr. The tubes are centrifuged and washed with buffer followed by 6 M guanidine to remove nonspecifically bound labeled thyroxine (T 4 ∗ ). The fraction of T 3 ∗ and T 4 ∗ bound to the Sepharose conjugate varies depending on the concentration of serum in the initial incubation tubes, the T 3 and T 4 content, and the specificity of the antiserum used. In a system that contains 0.5 ml of normal human serum, 1 ml of glycine-acetate buffer (pH 8.6), and 0.25 ml settled Sepharose-anti-T 3 conjugate, the T 3 ∗ to T 4 ∗ binding ratio was generally 150–200, with up to as much as 50% of T 3 ∗ bound to the pellet. The coefficient of variation of the method is less than 5%, and it may be performed in a matter of hours. There is no detectable conversion of T 4 ∗ to T 3 ∗ during the separation process. Using this technique, conversion of T 4 ∗ to T 3 ∗ was evaluated in euthyroid rats after injection of 125 I-T 4 . Over the period of 36–72 hr after injection, a ratio of T 3 ∗ to T 4 ∗ of 0.74 ± 0.06 × 10 −2 (mean ± SE) was present in the plasma. Using the calculated metabolic clearance rates for T 3 ∗ and T 4 ∗ in these animals, fractional conversion of T 4 to T 3 was estimated to be 27%, in good agreement with results obtained by other techniques. This method would appear to be of value for specific isolation of the small quantities of T 3 ∗ produced from T 4 ∗ after in vivo or in vitro T 4 ∗ to T 3 ∗ conversion.
The Effects of Perioperative Hypothermia and the Duration of Anesthesia on Postoperative Wound Infection Rate in Clean Wounds: A Retrospective Study

Objective— To determine the effects of hypothermia and duration of anesthesia on the infection rate in clean wounds in dogs and cats. Study Design— Retrospective clinical study. Sample Population— Seven hundred seventy-seven dogs and cats undergoing clean surgical procedures. Methods— Records of animals prospectively evaluated for postoperative wound infection were retrospectively evaluated for the prevalence of perioperative hypothermia. Body temperatures during the perioperative period and the duration of surgery and anesthesia were recorded. Data were analyzed to identify differences between animals with infected and uninfected wounds and multiple logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the independent contribution of risk factors to the incidence of postoperative wound infection. Results— No statistically significant differences were found in the analysis of temperature data between animals with infected and uninfected wounds. Duration of anesthesia was significantly greater in animals with wound infections (P= .01). Multiple logistic regression modeling identified duration of anesthesia as a risk factor for postoperative wound infection independent of the duration of surgery. Conclusions— In animals with clean surgical wounds, mild perioperative hypothermia is not a significant risk factor for postoperative wound infection. The duration of anesthesia, however, is a significant risk factor independent of the duration of surgery. Clinical Relevance— To decrease the incidence of postoperative wound infection, the duration of anesthesia should be minimized. Surgical time, as well as the time required for ancillary diagnostic tests while under anesthesia should, therefore, be kept to a reasonable minimum.
Effect of a uniform sea-level change on the Earth's rotation and gravitational field

Global water redistriburtion between the oceans, atmosphere and continents causes changes in the earth's rotation and gravitational field. To conserve water mass, the effect of the small uniform change in sea-level must be considered. Explicit formulas are provided for these sea-level corrections to the gravitational Stokes coefficients, polar motion and length of day. In two recent publications, this sea-level correction term for polar motion was given incorrectly. These errors which arose from normalization conventions with the ocean function are corrected.
Spatial heterogeneity of lodgepole pine sapling densities following the 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA

Large disturbances create spatial heterogeneity in vegetation re-establishment, and documenting such variability is critical for understanding and predicting succession. We quantified the spatial h...
Opinions of their profession by sales and marketing experts in the timeshare industry

Abstract The study profiled current practices in sales and marketing as practice in the timeshare industry. Specifically, the study reports on income ranges, marketing strategies employed, and effectiveness of training programs for the sales and marketing professional.
Electric field control of E region coherent echoes: Evidence from radar observations at the South Pole

Characteristics and formation mechanisms of E region plasma irregularities at high latitudes are investigated using observations with the newly deployed Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radar at the South Pole Antarctic station (SPS) near a magnetic latitude (MLAT) of 75°S. It is shown that E region echo occurrence at SPS exhibits a diurnal variation that is significantly different from those at auroral and polar cap latitudes. Moreover, analysis of major spectral populations also showed a distinct and previously unreported diurnal pattern. The plasma drift velocity estimates are derived at E region ranges of SPS, leveraging the SPS radar's position well within the MLAT region where SuperDARN convection estimates are well constrained by the data. It is shown that E region irregularity occurrence increases when the convection direction is within the SPS field of view and/or when the plasma drift component is comparable with the nominal ion-acoustic speed Cs of 350 m/s. This is the expected behavior for irregularities generated directly by the modified two-stream plasma instability (MTSI). On the other hand, irregularity velocity dependence on convection velocity showed an unexpected saturation at velocity values smaller than nominal Cs. It is demonstrated that the convection velocity at which irregularity velocity starts to differ from the convection component and to approach a maximum value is dependent on the magnetic aspect angle. Moreover, the maximum velocity value itself also depends on the aspect angle. The observed behavior is discussed in context of recent models that involve evolving aspect angles as a key characteristic of MTSI saturation.
Oxygen sorption and desorption properties of Sr–Co–Fe oxide

SrCoFeOx has been investigated as a new sorbent for air separation and oxygen removal at high temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis of a SrCoFeOx sample prepared by liquid citrate method reveals that the sample contains an intergrowth (Sr4Fe6−x Cox O13±), perovskite (SrFe1−x Cox O3−), and spinel (Co3−x Fex O4) phase. Both oxygen vacancies (V ¨ O ) and interstitial oxygen ions (O �� i ) are involved in the oxygen adsorption and desorption process for SrCoFeOx . Compared with the perovskite-type oxide La0.1Sr0.9Co0.9Fe0.1O3−, SrCoFeOx has stronger structure stability in a reducing environment and it also exhibits a larger oxygen sorption capacity at temperatures higher than 800 ◦ C. Meanwhile, unlike La0.1Sr0.9Co0.9Fe0.1O3− which shows a fast adsorption rate and a slow desorption rate at 900 ◦ C, SrCoFeOx shows a fast desorption rate and slow adsorption rate at the same temperature. X-ray diffraction data reveals that SrCoFeOx samples sintered at 1140 ◦ C have a higher amount of the intergrowth phase than samples sintered at 950 ◦ C due to slow formation kinetics. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis of SrCoFeOx samples prepared by the citrate and solid state method show that the synthesis method strongly influences the amount of the three phases in a sample. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A comparison of the mobilities and thermal transitions of retrovirus lipid envelopes and host cell plasma membranes by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

Abstract The lipid bilayers of seveal type-C retroviruses and selected host cells were spin labeled with 5-doxyl stearic acid, and intact viruses and cells were subjected to electron spin resonance spectroscopy in order to measure lipid mobility. Thermal transition profiles generated for four different retroviruses were dissimilar; differences in the values of the hyperfine splitting constant 2 T ∥ and in the positions of thermal break points reflect variations in mobility which can be correlated with the phospholipid/cholesterol molar ratios of the viral envelopes. Moreover, removal of virion surface projections by protease digestion altered the mobility of the envelope and the positions of thermal break points, but the effect observed depended upon the particular retrovirus examined. Studies on retrovirus-infected and uninfected host cells have revealed that persistent virus infection can elicit changes in host plasma membrane mobility and in the positions of thermal break points, the direction and magnitude of which are highly dependent upon the particular retrovirus-host cell system under consideration.
Relations Between Situational Factors and the Comparative Referents Used by Employees

In this article the authors discuss research they conducted that examined the relationship between the situational factors an employee faces and the referents they use when comparing their work to ...
Optimal Lane Depths for Single and Multiple Products in Block Stacking Storage Systems

Abstract Block Stacking is one of the most common storage methods for warehousing large quantities of palletized or boxed products, when high space utilization is the main concern. Efficient algorithms are currently only available to compute the optimal lane depth for a single product, assuming that all lanes have equal depth. In most warehouses, the lane depth on each side of a single aisle is kept constant for layout arid material flow purposes. A layout procedure for selecting lane depths out of a limited number of allowable depths and for determining the number of lanes and aisles for each depth for the case of multiple products is developed. If the warehouse is perfectly balanced, then this procedure minimizes the required warehouse area. One component of the layout procedure is an algorithm to compute the optimal number of lanes and the optimal lane depths for a single product, when the lanes are allowed to have a limited number of different depths. The quality of this and other heuristics for the s...
Transparent information systems through gateways, front ends, intermediaries, and interfaces

Definition et raison d'etre des systemes d'information «transparents». Solutions partielles existant pour assurer cette transparence: terminaux frontaux, interfaces, intermediaires, passerelles. Historique des recherches en ce domaine. Taxonomie des fonctions comprises dans la recherche de l'information et indication de celles qui peuvent etre automatisees. Quatre groupes sont definis: convertisseurs, programmateurs, selecteurs et evaluateurs/analyseurs. Etude des solutions ayant un impact sur le developpement et l'implementation des fonctions de recherche automatisees: aides a la transparence, centralisation contre decentralisation, secret et besoin de savoir, position des lecteurs dans la chaine d'utilisation et implications pour le controle et les passerelles verticales et horizontales. Role des nouvelles technologies telles que le CD-ROM, et leurs effets possibles sur les aides a la transparence comme sur les passerelles. (INTD)