cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and optimization of plasmonic-based metal-dielectric nanocomposite materials for energy applications

Metallic nanoparticles embedded in dielectrics permit enhanced capture absorption and/or scattering of light at specific wavelengths through excitation of plasmons, i.e. the quanta of coherent and collective oscillations of large concentrations of nearly free electrons. In order to maximize the potential of such enhanced absorption in useful tasks, such as the generation of carriers in photocatalysts and semiconductors, it is important to be able to predict and design plasmonic nanocomposites with desired wavelength-dependent optical absorption. Recently, a mixing approach formulated by Garcia and co-workers [Phys. Rev. B, 75, 045439 (2007)] has been successfully applied to model the experimentally measured broadband optical absorption for ternary nanocomposites containing alloys or mixtures of two metals (from Ag, Au or Cu) in SiO 2 dielectric. In this work we present the broadband optical behavior of an important an optical coating dielectric, Si 3 N 4 , containing various configuration of nanoparticles of Al, Au, Ag, or Cu. The spectral behavior of various combinations of the metallic species in the dielectrics was optimized to show either broadband solar absorption or strong multiple plasmonic absorption peaks. The applications of such nanocomposite materials in solar energy harvesting and spectral sensing are also presented and discussed.
What is the optimal induction strategy for older patients

Prognoses of older patients (age ≥60 years) vary greatly following use of standard therapy, such as 3 + 7: 3 days of daunorubicin or idarubicin + 7 days of cytarabine (ara-C). Although most older patients receive only supportive care, the principal prognostic factor among the presumably healthier treated patients is cytogenetics, with a monosomal karyotype conferring a particularly poor prognosis. However other factors are also informative and several systems incorporating multiple factors have been devised to help guide the fundamental decision as to whether a patient should receive standard therapy or, much more frequently, investigational therapy. Although physicians may be reluctant to await results of cytogenetic analysis and molecular markers ( NPM , FLT3 ), data suggest no harm is done by waiting for these results to become available; certainly the risk of delaying therapy is less than the risk of giving a patient 3 + 7 when the risk of treatment-related mortality (TRM) is greater than the chance of a beneficial response. Nonetheless, in general the risk of TRM is less than that of resistance to therapy, even in patients aged ≥75 years. Perhaps, however, focusing on the former, there is an increasing tendency to administer azacitidine or decitabine to older patients. However there is little to suggest that on average these drugs by themselves convey what many patients would consider medically meaningful improvements in survival. Hence these drugs should not reduce the imperative of putting older patients on trials involving new drugs. Finally, confirming everyday observation, age alone is a very inadequate predictor of outcome and is likely a surrogate for other covariates. Accordingly, the common practice of assigning patients to treatment protocols based solely on age leaves much to be desired.
Peculiar Stratified Shape of Typhoon Waves

WHILE M.V. Tancred of the Barber Line was riding out the typhoon of early October 1954 in Kobe Bay, we were able to observe a unique shape of typhoon wave which, so far as we know, has not been described. The vessel was hove-to with two anchors down facing the incoming gale (133 km./hr.) and the waves with crests up to 10 and 15 ft. were passing neatly along her side. From the rail we were struck by the peculiar appearance of the wave-slopes facing the wind.
Insect allergy—Preliminary studies of the cockroach

F or many years the role of insects as sources of both injectant and inhalant allergens has received much attention. l-4 A survey of these studies, however, reveals that the allergenic potential of the cockroach, a member of the family Bluttidae Orthoptera, has not been fully recognized. There are about 55 species of cockroaches in the United States, of which only seven or eight constitute a menace to indoor sanitation. Our studies were limited to the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, and to the Oriental cockroach, Bktta orientalis.
Alcohol Brewing and the African Tuberculosis Epidemic

Countries in much of Africa are struggling with large tuberculosis (TB) epidemics. Although the treatment programs are being implemented as well as the many constraints allow, more prevention of TB is needed. Based on literature on alcohol and TB, and observations and case studies, we consider one potential area for intervention might be the popular and ubiquitous small bars and beer huts in many towns and cities. In these usually poverty-ridden sites, with their densely packed clientele, large amounts of alcohol are consumed often by those with compromised immune systems who are at risk of acquiring the disease. The alcohol brewers-called Mama Pimas (from kupima, to measure, in Kiswahili) in Kenya-are the subject of this editorial. We look at the risks and potential benefits of reaching these women. Medical anthropologists are needed to help provide better evidence for TB prevention programs.
Immunocytochemical localization of proANF 1-30, proANF 31-67 and atrial natriuretic factor in the kidney.

Immunocytochemical localization of proANF 1-30, proANF 31-67 and atrial natriuretic factor in the kidney. ProANF [1-30 first 30 amino acids (a.a) of the 126 a.a atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) prohormone], ProANF 31-67 (a.a 31–67) as well as atrial natriuretic factor (a.a 99-126), of the ANF prohormone localized to the sub-brush border of the pars convoluta and pars rectus of the proximal tubules of hydrated and dehydrated rat kidneys with immunoperoxidase staining. Immunofluorescent studies revealed that each of these peptides and especially ProANF 31-67 had a strong predilection for the perinuclear region in the proximal and distal tubules. ProANFs 1-30, 31-67, and 99-126 (that is, ANF) also localized with both immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent staining to the cortical collecting ducts, glomeruli, peritubular, and interstitial blood vessels. ProANF 31-67 immunoperoxidase staining was particularly striking in the elastica of the small and large interstitial arteries. The whole prohormone being present was suggested by immunological recognition in the rat kidney of both the N-terminus and C-terminus of the ANF prohormone by radioimmunoassays. The concentration of the N-terminus in the kidney was 1.0 ± 0.03 ng/g of kidney weight, while the C-terminus of the ANF prohormone concentration was 0.4 ± 0.01 ng/g of kidney tissue. These findings of a sub-brush border and perinuclear location of the N-terminal and C-terminal ANF prohormone peptides suggest that the atrial natriuretic factor prohormone may be synthesized in and/or the respective peptides are captured by the proximal tubules, but also to a lesser extent by the distal tubules of the kidney.
EAAT and Xc⁻ Exchanger Inhibition Depletes Glutathione in the Transformed Human Lens Epithelial Cell Line SRA 01/04.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Maintaining the high glutathione (GSH; tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine and glycine) levels in the lens cortex promotes lens health. The role of glutamate/aspartate (Glu/Asp) transporters and the cystine (Cys)/Glu exchanger (Xc− exchanger) in maintaining GSH in transformed human lens epithelial cells (SRA 01/04) was investigated.Methods: Detection and differentiation of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-5) and the Xc− exchanger was performed by the uptake of radiolabeled l-Glu, d-Asp and l-Cys in the presence and absence of Na+, substrate-specific inhibition studies and Western-blot analysis. Reductions in GSH levels post-inhibition of Xc− exchanger and EAAT activities by substrate inhibitors demonstrated the roles of EAAT and Xc− exchanger in maintaining GSH.Results: Glu and d-Asp uptake in HLEC was Na+-dependent. Strong inhibition by substrate-specific Glu/Asp uptake inhibitors and weak inhibition by kainic acid (KA) was consistent with Na+-dependent EAAT1/3/4/5 activity and we...
Bootstrapping on Undirected Binary Networks Via Statistical Mechanics

We propose a new method inspired from statistical mechanics for extracting geometric information from undirected binary networks and generating random networks that conform to this geometry. In this method an undirected binary network is perceived as a thermodynamic system with a collection of permuted adjacency matrices as its states. The task of extracting information from the network is then reformulated as a discrete combinatorial optimization problem of searching for its ground state. To solve this problem, we apply multiple ensembles of temperature regulated Markov chains to establish an ultrametric geometry on the network. This geometry is equipped with a tree hierarchy that captures the multiscale community structure of the network. We translate this geometry into a Parisi adjacency matrix, which has a relative low energy level and is in the vicinity of the ground state. The Parisi adjacency matrix is then further optimized by making block permutations subject to the ultrametric geometry. The optimal matrix corresponds to the macrostate of the original network. An ensemble of random networks is then generated such that each of these networks conforms to this macrostate; the corresponding algorithm also provides an estimate of the size of this ensemble. By repeating this procedure at different scales of the ultrametric geometry of the network, it is possible to compute its evolution entropy, i.e. to estimate the evolution of its complexity as we move from a coarse to a fine description of its geometric structure. We demonstrate the performance of this method on simulated as well as real data networks.
Agent-based modeling for understanding social intelligence

The advantages of agent-based modeling for a general theory of intelligence at the individual and social level are emphasized over other existing approaches mainly relying on rationality theories. As was pointed out during the National Academy of Sciences Sackler Colloquium session “Implications of Agent-Based Modeling for Understanding Human Rationality and Learning,” held in October 2001, properties of social intelligent agents include adaptability and learning capacity, as well as the capacity to produce and employ artifacts and manipulate symbols.
Effectiveness of Copper Sulfate and Potassium Permanganate on Channel Catfish Infected with Flavobacterium columnare

Abstract Copper sulfate (CuSO4) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were evaluated for their effectiveness to curtail mortality and decrease bacterial load in fish tissues and water in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with Flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris. Fish (average size, 16.6 g and 13.7 cm) were obtained from a single culture tank undergoing an epizootic of columnaris and were stocked at a density of 30 fish per tank in each of 12 tanks. The study consisted of three treatments (n = 4 replicates per treatment): an untreated control group, a CuSO4-treated group, and a KMnO4-treated group. Treatment rates were 2.1 mg/L CuSO4 and 3.0 mg/L KMnO4 and were applied on three consecutive days at 24-h intervals. Caudal fin, gill, and liver samples were taken from one fish of each replication 24 h after the last treatment for analysis by quantitative real time PCR. A significant improvement in survival was noted among fish treated with CuSO4 (72.7%) compared with the control...
Brining Effects on Flavor and Moisture Uptake and Retention in Turkey Meat

Turkey breasts were brined under two salt concentrations for 24 hours (4°C). Moisture uptake during brining and loss after roasting (177°C) was measured. Seventy-eight culinary students evaluated juiciness, saltiness, sweetness, turkey flavor, and overall liking. Moisture uptake was greater in the normal salt brine (7.2% of initial weight) compared to the low salt brine (6.0%) and water (2.3%). Turkey brined in high salt lost less water during cooking compared to control and water soaked samples. Brined turkey breast, regardless of the salt content of the brine, had higher scores for liking and the perception of saltiness, sweetness, juiciness, and turkey flavor compared to control samples. Turkey soaked in higher salt brine was more liked, had more turkey flavor, and was perceived to be saltier than turkey in a lower salt brine. The use of experiments such as this as teaching tools in culinary and food science classes is also discussed.
Examining the role of vocational rehabilitation on access to care and public health outcomes for people living with HIV/AIDS

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the role of vocational rehabilitation services in contributing to the goals of the National HIV/AIDS strategy. Three key research questions are addressed: (a) What is the relationship among factors associated with the use of vocational rehabilitation services for people living with HIV/AIDS? (b) Are the factors associated with use of vocational rehabilitation also associated with access to health care, supplemental employment services and reduced risk of HIV transmission? and (c) What unique role does use of vocational rehabilitation services play in access to health care and HIV prevention? Method: Survey research methods were used to collect data from a broad sample of volunteer respondents who represented diverse racial (37% Black, 37% White, 18% Latino, 7% other), gender (65% male, 34% female, 1% transgender) and sexual orientation (48% heterosexual, 44% gay, 8% bisexual) backgrounds. Results: The fit of the final structural equation model was g...
The relationship of nucleotidase activity to catecholamine storage sites in adrenomedullary tissue.

Tissues were either fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde and treated histochemically to demonstrate nucleotidephosphatase activity and catecholamines or in 2.5% potassium dichromate (pH 4.1) for demonstration of catecholamines. Frozen sections (10 μ) were examined with the light microscope or following the histochemical procedures 1 mm cubes of tissue were treated with 1% OsO4 and prepared for electron microscopy. Light microscopy demonstrates groups of norepinephrine cells in adrenal medullary tissue of cats and rats. Nucleotidetriphosphatase activity is found along nerve fibers, between epinephrine cells and concentrated in norepinephrine cell areas. The same is true for diphosphatase localization but with less intense activity. Nucleotidemono-phosphatase activity is located primarily at the site of norepinephrine cells. Electron microscopy shows triphosphatase activity along membranes of chromaffin cells and nerve fibers, at canaliculi and nerve terminals, and in sinusoidal cells. Diphosphatase activity is present at similar sites and shows some intracellular activity. Monophosphatase activity is present at cell membranes and intracellularly appears closely related to catecholamine storage granules. It is postulated that since nucleotides are apparently instrumental in the binding of catecholamines, nucleotidephosphatase action effects a mechanism of catecholamine release from the storage sites and permits passage through the cell membranes.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Transient Elastic-Plastic Large Deflections of Geometrically Stiffened Rings

Finite-element formulations have been derived for the large-deflection elastic-plastic dynamic responses of arbitrarily curved two-dimensional beam structures which may consist of hard-boned, multilayer, geometrically stiffened configurations. Experiments have been conducted for structural responses of geometrically stiffened, freely suspended, circular rings of 6061-T6511 aluminum alloy to intense explosive loading which induces large-deflection elastic-plastic transient and permanent deformations of the structure. Very good correlation of the measured permanent deformation and transient strain with theoretical predictions is demonstrated.
Surrogate analysis of volatility series from long-range correlated noise

Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) [C.-K. Peng, S.V. Buldyrev, A.L. Goldberger, S. Havlin, F. Sciortino, M. Simons, H.E. Stanley, Nature 356 (1992) 168] of volatility series has been proposed to identify possible nonlinear/multifractal signatures in the given empirical sample [Y. Ashkenazy, P.Ch. Ivanov, S. Havlin, C.-K. Peng, A.L. Goldberger, H.E. Stanley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 1900; Y. Ashkenazy, S. Havlin, P. Ch. Ivanov, C.-K. Peng, V. Schulte-Frohlinde, H.E. Stanley, Physica A. 323 (2003) 19; T. Kalisky, Y. Ashkenazy, S. Havlin, Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 011913]. Long-range volatility correlation can be an outcome of static as well as dynamical nonlinearity. In order to argue in favor of dynamical nonlinearity, surrogate testing is used in conjunction with volatility analysis [Y. Ashkenazy, P.Ch. Ivanov, S. Havlin, C.-K. Peng, A.L. Goldberger, H.E. Stanley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 1900; Y. Ashkenazy, S. Havlin, P. Ch. Ivanov, C.-K. Peng, V. Schulte-Frohlinde, H.E. Stanley, Physica A. 323 (2003) 19; T. Kalisky, Y. Ashkenazy, S. Havlin, Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 011913]. In this brief communication, surrogate testing of volatility series from long-range correlated monofractal noise and their static, invertible nonlinear transforms is investigated. Long-range correlated noise is generated from fractional auto regressive integrated moving average (FARIMA) (0, d, 0), with Gaussian and non-Gaussian innovations. We show significant deviation in the scaling behavior between the empirical sample and the surrogate counterpart at large time-scales in the case of FARIMA (0, d, 0) with non-Gaussian innovations whereas no such discrepancy was observed in the case of Gaussian innovations. The results encourage cautious interpretation of surrogate analysis of volatility series in the presence of non-Gaussian innovations.
Re‐Regulating Offshore Finance?

This article explores global efforts to regulate offshore finance in the wake of international concern about the effects of so-called harmful tax competition, as well as money laundering and terrorist financing (the latter a relatively new category since September 11, 2001). In the mid-1990s, a number of multilateral organizations, from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to the Financial Action Task Force, as well as non-governmental organizations like Oxfam, attempted to curtail offshore finance and tax haven abuses by 'naming and shaming' small jurisdictions into compliance with an emerging set of international financial norms. These efforts left themselves open to charges of hypocrisy, however, because many OECD countries themselves failed - and indeed, still fail - to adhere to the standards required of offshore havens. Tax havens responded by calling for a 'level playing field'. Nevertheless, this effort at global regulation of offshore finance has had tangible effects. This essay explores those effects and argues that the attention to offshore finance missed an opportunity by going after the jurisdictions that provided services rather than addressing the market for such services. Under- standing that missed opportunity requires analytical attention to payments, as opposed to exchanges, in international finance and in the social study of finance.
Perioperative management of target-specific oral anticoagulants.

AbstractTarget-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOACs), which offer rapid onset and more predictable pharmacokinetics/dynamics compared with vitamin K antagonists, are rapidly growing in number and approved indications. At least 1 in 10 Americans receiving outpatient anticoagulant therapy requires interruption of anticoagulation for an invasive procedure annually, and management of these new agents in the perioperative setting is made challenging by difficulty measuring anticoagulant effect and the lack of effective reversal. Surgical planning must account for individual patient risks for bleeding and thrombosis, the type of procedure, and expected drug clearance. Based upon these considerations, a perioperative plan encompassing timing of TSOAC cessation and resumption, as well as bridging therapy, if needed, can be developed. Perioperative strategies remain largely predicated on extrapolations from pharmacokinetics and expert opinion, though a growing body of literature is providing greater guidance in th...
Computerized cycle analysis of harvest, transport, and unload systems

Cycle diagrams are relatively simple tools that can provide insight concerning the interaction of equipment and operational changes on dynamic agricultural systems. However, they are tedious to generate by hand which makes it time consuming to compare system alternatives. Cycle analysis principles were implemented in a spreadsheet so machine and system performance variables can be quickly evaluated. The template can be used to evaluate harvesters with and without on-board storage as well as harvesters that can and cannot unload while harvesting. Machine capacity, operational data and parameter inputs are required for each machine and operation. Outputs include cycle time, system capacity, and idle time for each machine. Efficiency measures of harvester, transporter, unloader, and labor utilization (h work of work per h real time) are computed. Often, the harvester is the most expensive machine, so an evaluation of its actual field efficiency (compared to what it could do if other factors were non-limiting) can be enlightening. An equation for required transport capacity to fully utilize a harvester is derived.
A trifocal tensor based camera-projector system for robot-human interaction

In this paper we present a novel real time camera-projector system for assisting robot-human communication using natural interfaces. The system is comprised of a stereo camera pair and a DLP projector. The proposed system provides feedback information indicating the robot's understanding of the environment and what action a human user desires. Feedback is delivered by iteratively spotlighting objects in the environment using a projector. When the spotlight lands on an object that the human user wants the robot to retrieve, he or she can confirm the object selection, and the robot will move to a position suitable for grasping the object. In this investigation, the proposed camera-projector performs three tasks: 1) Locate salient objects in the scene using a visual attention model and a trifocal tensor based object matching method. 2) Project a spot of light on detected objects to provide information back to the human user. 3) Reconstruct the 3D position of the target to plan robot motion and conduct vision-based control to move a robot manipulator to the object. A calibration procedure for three view camera-projector system based on the trifocal tensor is presented. Experimental results of human-directed visual servoing task are presented to demonstrate the functions of the proposed system.
The end of police prosecutions: Symptom of changing values in english criminal justice

This article contrasts the traditional English prosecutorial system, and its underlying values, with the new Crown Prosecution Service and the related values which have emerged from five years of official study and planning of prosecutorial reform. The traditional system reflected the English ideal of the amateur generalist. Under this system the police, acting as citizens, undertook most prosecutions, hiring legal assistance as needed. Ower the last twenty years, about three-quarters of the English police forces set up prosecuting solicitors departments. While these institutions give professional legal assistance to many police, they were purely local arrangements without statutory basis and legally similar to the traditional ad hoc arrangements. In 1986 the Crown Prosecution Service will be initiated. This is the product of a process of development which includes a Royal Commission, two governmental working parties, a white paper, a bill, and a managerial study. The result is a hierarchical structure of legal professionals independent of the police who will handle virtually all prosecutions. This prosecutorial structure exhibits the characteristics and values of modern rationalistic bureaucracy described by Max Weber. The adoption of these values in English criminal justice indicates the likelihood of change in other aspects of the system which rest on the conflicting traditional values.
The Home as Educational Space: Bayonne Housing and the Architecture of Working Class Childhood, 1917‐1940

This paper examines an experimental industrial relations program by the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey in the Bayonne Housing Project and its implications for working class child and family life the interwar period, 1917 to 1939. The medium examined is architecture taken literally as the building of overt spaces for housing and the home but also in Michelle Foucault's sense of the structures of knowledge and understanding which shape our mental spaces thereby disciplining both our body and our mind. The educational facility being examined is the home and workplace which incorporates the intersection between childhood socialization and adult education as manipulated by elites with expert knowledge in the process where by the dominant classes establish hegemonic domination over the working classes.
Primary Breast Cancer of the Vulva

Supernumerary breasts on the vulva are a rare occurrence. There have been 26 cases previously reported and only 4 case reports of primary mammary carcinoma of the vulva. This is the fifth case report of mammary carcinoma of the vulva and the second report using tamoxifen for adjuvant treatment.
Discrete 2-Dimensional Fractional Brownian Motion As A Model For Medical Images

In previous work, the concept of estimation theory has been applied to provide a basis for determining the fractal dimension of a given data set when fractional Brownian motion (FBM) is assumed to be a suitable model. However, the generated FBM functions used to test the approach were only one dimensional, even though the estimation was applied to images. In the current work, the generation process is extended to two dimensions so that FBM images are generated directly. A series of 32 x 32 FBM images were formed for fractal dimensions of 2.2 to 2.8. The texture in these images is seen to be representative of textures observed in xray images of bone. Furthermore by combining the FBM realization with a deterministic function such as a sinusoid, it is found that complex appearing images can be broken down into two basic components: fractal, and determinisitic. Thus this methodology may prove useful in the analysis and presentation of medical images.
Clustering of time series using a hierarchical linear dynamical system

The auditory cortex in the brain does effortlessly a better job of extracting information from the acoustic world than our current generation of signal processing algorithms. Abstracting the principles of the auditory cortex, the proposed architecture is based on Kalmanfilters with hierarchically coupled state models that stabilize the input dynamics and provide a representation space. This approach extracts information from the input and self-organizes it in the higher layers leading to an algorithm capable of clustering time series in an unsupervised manner. An important characteristic of the methodology is that it is adaptive and self-organizing, i.e. previous exposure to the acoustic input is the only requirement for learning and recognition, so there is no need of selecting the number of clusters.
Velocity Map Ion Imaging of Chlorine Azide Photolysis: Evidence for Photolytic Production of Cyclic-N3†

The method of velocity map imaging was applied to study the photodissociation dynamics of ClN3 near 235 nm under collision-free conditions. Derived kinetic energy distributions of state-selected Cl (2PJ) provide a medium-resolution energy spectrum of the N3 fragment. Markedly bimodal distributions are observed that suggest simultaneous formation of the linear-N3 (X 2Π) isomer as well as an energetic form of N3, consistent with recent theoretical predictions of a cyclic isomer, resembling an isosceles triangle. Angular distributions of the photofragments indicate that 21A‘ ← 11A‘ excitation is the most important pathway to photoproducts. Branching ratio measurements between the dominant spin−orbit excited-state Cl* (2P1/2) and the spin−orbit ground-state Cl (2P3/2) showed Cl*/Cl ≈ 0.8/0.2. The branching ratio between linear-N3 and cyclic-N3 formation was determined to be ≈ 0.8/0.2.
Intraamniotic Prostaglandin F2α dose-twenty-four-hour Abortifacient Response

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was administered intraamniotically to 132 midtrimester gravidas by one of six dose schedules to determine the dose-24-hr. abortifacient response. Single doses between 15 and 50 mg. and multiple doses between 15 and 25 mg. were administered to three groups each, the latter regimen at 6-hr. intervals. Dose-response relationships with both the single- and multiple-injection methods were different in patients of different parities and gestational ages. Interpretation of the dose-response relationships indicated that: (a) no one-dose schedule will obtain maximum rates of abortion in all types of patients; (b) single injections of greater than 50 mg. of PGF2α are indicated in multiparas of greater than 16 weeks' gestational age, (c) in patients at 16 weeks′ gestation or less, the low dose multiple-injection schedule attains high abortion rates that probably cannot be achieved by higher multiple-injection methods or any single-injection method; (d) it is unlikely that any significant increase in effectiveness can be obtained by multiple injections in excess of 25 mg. initially and repeating an identical dose in 6 hr. in patients greater than 16 weeks′ gestation; and (e) it is unlikely that any increase in effectiveness will result from single doses in excess of 25 mg. in multiparas of 16 weeks′ gestation or less. Complications were not of such severity or frequency as to limit the practicability of these schedules.
Free radical reduction of hemin c

Abstract With the electron pulse radiolysis technique, the rates of reduction of hemin(III) c by a number of free radicals have been determined in aqueous solution at neutral pH. Second-order rate constants for hemin(III) c reduction typical approach the diffusion controlled limit (approx. 10 9 M −1 · s −1 ). Corresponding reduction rates for ferricytochrome c are discussed in terms of possible electron transfer mechanisms.
Testing of Hygrothermally Aged E-Glass/Epoxy Cylindrical Laminates Using a Novel Fixture for Simulating Internal Pressure

This paper discusses the development of a novel test fixture for applying a uniform radial stress to cylindrical composite laminates in such a way as to eliminate bending moments and axial loads. This fixture requires the use of easily fabricated poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ring seals. These seals, which fit just inside the composite sample, are designed to be internally pressurized in the fixture and expand outwards, applying a uniform radial load to the sample. The results of mechanics analyses of the PTFE ring seal and composite sample are presented, which estimate the radial stress applied to the composite sample as a fraction of the applied internal hydraulic pressure. Further, results are presented from a prolonged hygrothermal aging study, in which the E-glass/epoxy, cylindrically wound composite samples are aged under varying hygrothermal conditions (ambient dry; and 30, 40, and 50°C submerged in water). At various points during the aging, a subset of samples are removed and destructively test...
Significant Human Impact on the Flux and δ34S of Sulfate from the Largest River in North America

Riverine dissolved sulfate (SO42–) flux and sulfur stable isotope composition (δ34S) yield information on the sources and processes affecting sulfur cycling on different spatial and temporal scales. However, because pristine preindustrial natural baselines of riverine SO42– flux and δ34S cannot be directly measured, anthropogenic impact remains largely unconstrained. Here we quantify natural and anthropogenic SO42– flux and δ34S for North America’s largest river, the Mississippi, by means of an exhaustive source compilation and multiyear monitoring. Our data and analysis show that, since before industrialization to the present, Mississippi River SO42– has increased in flux from 7.0 to 27.8 Tg SO42– yr–1, and in mean δ34S from −5.0‰, within 95% confidence limits of −14.8‰ to 4.1‰ (assuming normal distribution for mixing model input parameters), to −2.7 ± 1.6‰, reflecting an impressive footprint of bedrocks particular to this river basin and human activities. Our first-order modern Mississippi River sulfate...
Nutrient loss from disturbed forest watersheds in Oregon's coast range☆

Abstract Dissolved nutrients were monitored bi-weekly in stream water draining 14 upland watersheds in Oregon's Coast Range after spraying with 2,4,5-T + 2,4-D, clearcut harvesting and slash burning. Anion generation and leaching were primarily studied. The nitrate concentrations fell and the bicarbonate concentrations rose during summer low-flows from treated watersheds without detectable increases in loss of macronutrients (N, Ca, Mg, K, Na). The stream water concentrations of bicarbonate (the most prevalent anion) related to watershed orientation and the degree of devegetation. Nitrate concentrations appeared to be correlated positively with watershed drainage rates. Studies with incubated soils and field sampling of soil solution indicate that denitrification probably minimizes nitrate loss from saturated soils during frequent winter to spring storm periods.
PolyAna: analyzing synonymous and nonsynonymous polymorphic sites

PolyAna (available at http://www.biol.sc.edu/~austin/) aids in the analysis of natural selection on protein-coding sequences by estimating sample gene diversity at individual polymorphic nucleotide sites, which are classified as synonymous, non-synonymous, or ambiguous.
Cyproheptadine-induced alterations in clonal insulin-producing cell lines

Abstract Cyproheptadine (CPH) inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin synthesis and secretion, and reversibly depletes pancreatic insulin content in the rat. To examine whether the inhibitory actions of CPH on insulin cell function are linked to the ability of glucose to stimulate insulin synthesis and secretion, studies were performed in two different insulin-producing cell lines. CPH effects were compared in HIT-T15 cells, which respond to glucose with increased insulin synthesis and secretion, and in glucoseunresponsive RINm5F cells. CPH produced similar alterations in both cells lines. After a 48-hr culture period in the presence of 0, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0μM CPH, cellular insulin stores and media insulin levels were decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. At 10.0 μM CPH, RIN and HIT cell insulin content declined to 34 and 33% of controls respectively. Cellular insulin returned to control levels 48 hr after removal of CPH. In experiments designed to test a direct inhibitory effect on stimulated insulin secretion, 1 and 10.0 /smM concentrations of CPH were found to inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin release from HIT cells, and K + , alanine and glyceraldehyde-stimulated release from RIN cells. CPH was also shown to inhibit insulin biosynthesis in both cell lines at concentrations that did not alter the synthesis of total cellular proteins. All of these alterations in cellular function were shown to occur at CPH concentrations that did not affect cell growth or viability. The results show that the actions of CPH do not appear to be dependent upon the existence of operational glucose signalling mechanisms for insulin synthesis and secretion.
Micromachined ultrasonic Doppler velocity sensor using nickel on glass transducers

Abstract A micromachined array of 168 nickel-on-glass capacitive ultrasound transducers was used to demonstrate a long range Doppler velocity measurement system. By using an electroplated nickel on glass process, the total capacitance of the chip was reduced to 65 pF, resulting in a high signal to noise ratio and allowing an operable range of 1.5 m. The range is limited by room reverberation level, rather than electronic noise. The sensor array operates at a 180 kHz resonant frequency to achieve a half-angle −3 dB beamwidth of 6° with a 1 cm 2 die. The cMUT array was characterized using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), beampattern measurements, range testing, and the ability to measure the velocity of a moving plate. The sensor is capable of measuring the velocity of a moving reflector with a resolution of 6 cm/s, at an update rate of 0.016 s, and with a range of 1.5 m (3 m round trip).
The 64Ni(6Li, d)68Zn reaction

Abstract The 64 Ni( 6 Li, d) 68 Zn reaction has been studied at 28 MeV bombarding energy. For several low-lying states in 68 Zn, S -values extracted via DWBA analysis are compared with shell model and collective model (IBA) predictions.
Year-to-Year and interdecadal variability in the activity of intraseasonal fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation

Interannual variability in the activity of fluctuations with subseasonal time scales is investigated based upon observed data of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere circulation over the recent 38 winters. Their activity is represented in the root mean square (RMS) field of filtered geopotential height in which the fluctuations with time scales between 10 days and a season are retained. The singular value decomposition (SVD) was applied to the covariance matrix between the seasonal mean and RMS fields for the 500-hPa height.
Effect of errors in the system matrix on maximum a posteriori image reconstruction

Statistically based iterative image reconstruction methods have been developed for emission tomography. One important component in iterative image reconstruction is the system matrix, which defines the mapping from the image space to the data space. Several groups have demonstrated that an accurate system matrix can improve image quality in both single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). While iterative methods are amenable to arbitrary and complicated system models, the true system response is never known exactly. In practice, one also has to sacrifice the accuracy of the system model because of limited computing and imaging resources. This paper analyses the effect of errors in the system matrix on iterative image reconstruction methods that are based on the maximum a posteriori principle. We derived an analytical expression for calculating artefacts in a reconstructed image that are caused by errors in the system matrix using the first-order Taylor series approximation. The theoretical expression is used to determine the required minimum accuracy of the system matrix in emission tomography. Computer simulations show that the theoretical results work reasonably well in low-noise situations.
Quantitative autoradiography of 5-[3H]6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione and (+)-3-[3H]dizocilpine maleate binding in rat vestibular nuclear complex after unilateral deafferentation, with comparison to cochlear nucleus

Abstract The distributions of non-N-methyl- d -aspartate and N-methyl- d -aspartate receptors in the rat vestibular nuclear complex were estimated by quantitative autoradiography of 5-[3H]6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione and (+)-3-[3H]dizocilpine maleate binding, respectively. The binding of 5-[3H]6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione in the vestibular nuclear complex was also compared with that in the cerebellar cortex and cochlear nucleus. Measurements were made in control rats and in rats with unilateral destruction of the inner ear and removal of the vestibular ganglion. Compared to the unlesioned side, 5-[3H]6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione binding in the lesioned-side vestibular nuclear complex was decreased significantly in all regions at two to four postoperative days. However, the bilateral asymmetry disappeared in most regions by 30 days. 5-[3H]6-Cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione binding increased in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex at 30 days after lesion, although there were no clear changes at two to seven days. 5-[3H]6-Cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione binding in the cochlear nucleus decreased on the lesioned side, compared to the unlesioned side, in regions receiving significant auditory nerve innervation, but increased in the molecular layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. (+)-3-[3H]Dizocilpine maleate binding in regions of the vestibular nuclear complex was reduced on the lesioned side, compared to the unlesioned side, after deafferentation, with the largest reductions usually at 30 postoperative days. It is suggested that: (i) non-N-methyl- d -aspartate receptors are involved in synaptic transmission for both vestibular and auditory nerve fibers, while the involvement of N-methyl- d -aspartate receptors is less certain; (ii) unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular nuclear complex can result in bilateral asymmetries for non-N-methyl- d -aspartate and N-methyl- d -aspartate receptors, which are most prominent at earlier and later survival times, respectively; and (iii) vestibular compensation may involve regulation of both non-N-methyl- d -aspartate and N-methyl- d -aspartate receptors in the vestibular nuclear complex and activation of non-N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor-related processes in cerebellar cortex.
Characterization of a monolithic silicon MEMS technology in standard CMOS process

This paper presents a comparative analysis between two specific post-processing techniques (RIE dry etching and TMAH wet etching) that are suitable for implementing a monolithic CMOS compatible MEMS fabrication technology. Further, an experimental investigation is presented which details the fabrication of MEMS structures by TMAH post etching of a CMOS chip fabricated in a standard AMI 1.5 micrometers CMOS process. Finally this paper provides future designers with experimental data that will allow for the design and fabrication of simple MEMS structures using a standard CMOS process.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF MURINE MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-2

The solution structure of murine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a heparin-binding chemokine that is secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli, has been determined using two-dimension...
Memory and the Moving Image: French film in the digital era

Analyzing works of recent French cinema, McNeill persuasively demonstrates the vitality of memory as a theoretical framework. Through discussions on newer contributions by eminent auteurs such as A...
Application of differential thermal analysis to solid-solid transitions in phase diagram determination

The differential thermal analysis (DTA) procedure is presented for the determination of equilibrium phase diagrams. The equilibrium solid-solid phase transition temperatures, which are needed in the construction of phase diagrams, cannot be obtained directly from the DTA data due to the superheating or undercooling during the actual DTA operation. Methods to extrapolate the equilibrium onset temperature for the solid-solid phase transitions from the DTA data are evaluated. Several practical problems in the DTA experiments and analysis are addressed.
Impact of age-related changes in serotonin and norepinephrine metabolism on reproductive function in female rats: an analytical review.

Abstract —This review attempts to reconcile changes in brain NE and 5HT metabolism with the effects of aging, drug treatment and altered photoperiods on phasic and tonic release of LH in the female. A hypothesis is presented in which 5HT has “indirect” and “direct” effects on LH surges. The “indirect” ones facilitate LH surges via a generalized effect of 5HT on temporal organization within multiple neuroendocrine axes. Thus, 5HT promotes circadian rhythmicity in many systems due to its participation in the biological “clock” mechanism of the hypothalamus. The “direct” ones that are specific to the LH releasing mechanism also occur for 5HT (inhibitory) as well as for NE (facilitory) due to the interaction of these transmitters with LH-RH secreting neurons. It is proposed that metabolic changes during aging that favor 5HT at the expense of NE obliterate the facilitatory effects of both amines while enhancing the inhibitory component of 5HT's influence on LH secretion.
Non-linear dynamic analysis of orthotropic elliptical plates

Abstract Von Karman-type field equations are used in this paper to investigate the non-linear static and dynamic response of rectilinearly orthotropic elliptical plates. A multiple-mode approach has been used to find solutions to this plate geometry where the boundaries are taken to be clamped and immovable. An exact solution is reported for one of the two non-linear governing equations. Numerical results are graphically presented and compared with those of a single-mode approach. A close agreement was found between these values. The analysis presented here provides improved results for large deflections and non-linear periods and an insight into the effects of modal interaction.
Comparison of olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) captures in several commercial traps in California

The trapping efficiency of three commercially available traps for monitoring the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)) was tested in California. ChamP yellow sticky traps and IMPT plastic McPhail-type traps were tested in three locations during 2 years. The McPhail traps captured significantly more flies than other trap types. In the second year, three variants of AM yellow sticky traps were included in testing. The AM yellow sticky panel was more efficient than the ChamP panel. The ChamP and AM traps were baited with an ammonium bicarbonate food lure and Spiroketal pheromone lure, and the McPhail traps were baited with a torula yeast food lure. Under the conditions of this study, it appears that the aqueous food lure used in the McPhail traps was more attractive to olive fruit flies than ammonia lures. Traps were also deployed in irrigated and unirrigated olive blocks at one location for 1 year, and more olive fruit flies were caught in the irrigated trees than in the unirrigated. The ChamP traps w...
Filial Piety and Intergenerational Co-residence: The Case of Chinese Singaporeans

The concept of filial piety is not static and is subject to interpretations. The concept of filial piety also has evolved over time and adapted to local cultures. In this paper, we examine the practices of filial piety among Chinese Singaporeans. Using in-depth interviews collected in 2006 and 2007, we find that the idea of filial piety still resonates among Chinese Singaporeans, though in some cases it may merely be symbolic. While intergenerational co-residence is not the only way for children to demonstrate their filial piety, most participants view it as the epitome. However, filial piety, as demonstrated through intergenerational co-residence, may be hiding other issues that are detrimental to the quality of life for all parties. Nonetheless, positive intergenerational relationships bind the family together.
1.6 GeV/c charged particle spectrometer facility at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

Abstract A 1.6 GeV/ c spectrometer has been constructed at SLAC incorporating an n = 0, 90° bend, 254 cm radius magnet with second-order corrections. The magnet is of the window frame type allowing invariant focal properties up to 21 kG. It has a momentum resolution of ± 0.08% and an angular resolution of ± 0.4 mrad. It simultaneously focusses production angle and momentum from a 20 cm long target onto a single focal plane orthogonal to the beam direction allowing a considerable simplification in detecting a high energy scattering process.