cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A quadtree communication structure for fast data searching and distribution

Presents a quadtree communication structure and two associated procedures for efficient, contention-free data searching and distribution on the BBN Butterfly parallel processor and its family. The proposed quadtree structure suggests a general approach to mapping a class of parallel algorithms with intensive communication requirements for performing two primitive operations: selecting data from many different sources and distributing data from a single source. While performing these two operations through the quadtree structure, the 'ascend' and 'descend' procedures incur no link conflicts in the Butterfly network. A concrete example of mapping the linear programming algorithm is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed quadtree communication structure. >
Explanatory talk in low-income families' mealtime conversations.

The purpose of this article is to outline the types and frequency of explanatory talk that occur in naturalistic conversations of low-income families of preschoolers. Thirty-one families participated in the study, tape-recording family mealtimes when their children were 3, 4, and 5 years old. A total of 75 transcripts were collected and analyzed for the presence of nine categories of explanatory talk, including intentional, causal, evidential, definitional/descriptive, procedural, and consequential. Explanatory talk consisted of conversation concerning some connection between objects, events, concepts, and/or conclusions that one speaker is pointing out to another. The most frequent type of explanations fell into intentional categories, which accounted for more than half of all segments of explanatory talk.
The Quantity of Latent Viral DNA Correlates with the Relative Rates at Which Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 Cause Recurrent Genital Herpes Outbreaks

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) have evolved specific anatomic tropisms and site-dependent rates of reactivation. To determine whether reactivation rates depend on distinct abilities of HSV-1 and -2 to establish latency and to express latency-associated transcripts (LATs), virulent strains of each virus were studied in the guinea pig genital model. Following infection with equivalent titers of virus, the quantities of latent HSV-2 genomes and LATs were higher in lumbosacral ganglia, and HSV-2 infections recurred more frequently and lasted longer than HSV-1 infections. In contrast, if the inoculum of HSV-1 was 10 times that of HSV-2, the quantity of HSV-1 DNA and LATs increased correspondingly and HSV-1 infections were as likely to recur as those with HSV-2. The quantity of latent virus DNA correlates with and may be a major determinant of the site-specific patterns and rates of reactivation of HSV-1 and -2.
The Impact of Gatekeeper Training for Suicide Prevention on University Resident Assistants

Resident assistants (RAs) can serve as important suicide prevention gatekeepers. The purpose of the study was to determine if training improved RAs’ crisis communications skills and suicide-related knowledge and to determine if the knowledge elements predicted crisis communications skills. New RAs showed significant improvement in all areas from pretest to posttest, whereas returning RAs showed no significant increase in any of the areas. None of the knowledge areas predicted communications skills for either group.
Solution of the inverse radiation problem for inhomogeneous and anisotropically scattering media using a Monte Carlo technique

An analysis is presented for the solution of the inverse radiation problem using a Monte Carlo technique. For inhomogeneous planar media, the profile of the single scattering albedo is obtained from the inverse analysis. For homogeneous, anisotropically scattering media, the single scattering albedo and the asymmetry factor are recovered. A step phase function approximation is used to account for the anisotropic scattering in the medium. The confidence bounds on the estimated parameters for errors in the input data are evaluated. The results show that the medium properties can be recovered with high accuracy even if there is up to 10% error in the input data. The primary advantage of the Monte Carlo method is that a single direct solution yields the coefficients of a multivariate polynomial for each set of observation data, which are then used to obtain the medium properties by a non-linear least-square minimization technique.
Apoptotic induction in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines treated with a protein kinase Cβ inhibitor

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults exhibits a 5-year disease-free survival rate of only 25-40% after currently available treatment. Protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) is under active consideration as a rational therapeutic target in several B-cell malignancies, but studies of its possible utility in B-ALL are lacking. Expression of PKCβ1 and PKCβ2 isoforms was demonstrated in five B-ALL cell lines characterized by distinctive chromosomal translocations, and sensitivity to PKCβ-selective inhibition was examined. Inhibitor treatment resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in viability in all cell lines, although pro-B ALL with t(4;11)(q21;q23) was most sensitive. Apoptotic induction was evident after 24-48 h of treatment, and an inhibition of cell cycle progression was detected in one cell line. Treatment resulted in a rapid induction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, indicating caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, and a rapid reduction in phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream target glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). These results indicate that PKCβ targeting should be considered as a potential treatment option in B-ALL.
Testing a non-lethal DNA isolation technique for freshwater mussels that is compatible with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based studies

Abstract In this study, a non-lethal DNA isolation technique was developed for freshwater mussels. A total of 45 Quadrula quadrula, 21 Q. metanevra, and 19 Q. pustulosa were collected from the Neosho and Verdigris Rivers in eastern Kansas. DNA was successfully isolated from 82 mussels using the non-lethal technique developed in this study. Spectrophotometer analysis of the 82 DNA samples resulted in an average DNA concentration of 488 ng/μl. Agarose gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction products obtained using the purified mussel DNA demonstrated high quality, reproducible amplification products. All mussels remained alive for several months after tissue biopsy in the laboratory. A mark and recapture study was also performed to confirm survivability, thereby ensuring our procedure was non-lethal. Recapture efforts resulted in a 56% live recovery of mussels from the Neosho River and a 78% live recovery from mussels in the Verdigris River approximately four and one-half months after their release.
A Comparison of Lattice-Matched GaInNAs and Metamorphic InGaAs Photodetector Devices

The dilute-nitride GaInNAs shows great promise in becoming the next choice for 1 eV photodetector and multi-junction photovoltaic applications due to the ability for it to be grown lattice-matched on GaAs substrates. This paper will present results from high-power photodetector devices fabricated from high-quality thick GaInNAs and metamorphic InGaAs materials grown by MBE. The internal quantum efficiency of rear-illuminated PIN photodiodes with thick GaInNAs films as the intrinsic region (roughly 62% at 1064 nm) is somewhat lower than comparable metamorphic InGaAs devices (roughly 75% at 1064 nm). However, the dark current density of the GaInNAs devices is also somewhat lower (roughly 3 μA/cm2 at 2×104 V/cm bias) than the InGaAs devices (roughly 20 μA/cm2 at 2×104 V/cm bias), while the breakdown voltages (beyond -20 V) are comparable. Materials characterization of each structure, including x-ray diffraction and room-temperature as well as temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies will be presented in order to explain the characteristics observed in the devices composed of the two different material systems.
Hidden in Plain Sight: A Remarkable New Genus of Nearctic Treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae)

A new treehopper genus Selenacentrus (Membracidae: Centrotinae), and new species, S. wallacei , from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, are described and illustrated. This genus lacks key characteristics of currently recognized New World centrotine tribes including the dorsoapical and ventral lobes of the male lateral plate and cucullate setae of the mesothoracic femora (characteristic of the Boocerini). It also lacks the additional m-cu crossvein and broadened second valvulae characteristic of Platycentrini. The narrow, curved second valvulae, with prominent dorsal teeth, and lateral exposure of the scutellar apices resemble those of some endemic Antillean centrotines (Monobelini, Nessorhinini); however, Selenacentrus differs from these groups in characters of the forewing and male genitalia.
Nitrile Probes of Electric Field Agree with Independently Measured Fields in Green Fluorescent Protein Even in the Presence of Hydrogen Bonding

There is growing interest in using the nitrile vibrational oscillation as a site-specific probe of local environment to study dynamics, folding, and electrostatics in biological molecules such as proteins. Nitrile probes have been used extensively as reporters of electric field using vibrational Stark effect spectroscopy. However, the analysis of frequencies in terms of electric fields is potentially complicated by the large ground state dipole moment of the nitrile, which may irrevocably perturb the protein under investigation, and the ability of nitriles to accept hydrogen bonds, which causes frequency shifts that are not described by the Stark effect. The consequence of this is that vibrational spectroscopy of nitriles in biomolecules could be predominately sensitive to their local hydration status, not electrostatic environment, and have the potential to be particularly destabilizing to the protein. Here, we introduce green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model system for addressing these concerns using biosynthetically incorporated p-cyanophenylalanine (pCNF) residues in the interior of GFP and measuring absorption energies of both the intrinsic GFP fluorophore and pCNF residues in response to a series of amino acid mutations. We show that observed changes in emission energy of GFP due to the mutations strongly correlate with changes in electric field experienced by both the nitrile probes and the intrinsic fluorophore. Additionally, we show that changes in electric field measured from the intrinsic fluorophore due to amino acid mutations are unperturbed by the addition of pCNF residues inserted nearby. Finally, we show that changes in electric field experienced by the vibrational probes trend monotonically with changes in field experienced by the native fluorophore even though the nitrile probe is engaged in moderate hydrogen bonding to nearby water molecules, indicated by the temperature dependence of the nitrile's absorption energy. Together these results demonstrate that even in the presence of hydrogen bonding it is possible to relate nitrile absorption frequencies to electrostatic environment by comparing highly similar environments. GFP's intrinsic linear sensitivity to electric fields makes it a convenient model system for studying electrostatics in proteins that offers lessons for proteins without this visible fluorophore.
The Theory and Inspection of Baby Incubator's Temperature over Loading Control

With the over loading control's demand of Medical electrical equipment-Part 2: Particular requirements for safety of baby incubators (GB 11243-2008), this paper summarized and analysed the function of baby incubator, and the principles of baby incubator's temperature over loading control and inspection.
Supporting Parents of Premature Infants Transitioning from the NICU to Home: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial of a Smartphone Application.

Abstract Objective To determine whether parents of Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) transitioning home with the NICU-2-Home smartphone application have greater parenting self-efficacy, are better prepared for discharge and have shorter length of stay (LOS) than control parents. Methods A four-week pilot randomized controlled trial during the transition home with 90 VLBW parents randomized to usual care (n = 44) or usual care plus NICU-2-Home (n = 46), a smartphone application designed for VLBW parents. Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) was assessed at baseline, day after discharge, and two weeks post-discharge. Preparedness for discharge and length of stay (LOS) were secondary outcomes. Analyses by usage were also included. Results While parents of VLBW infants in the intervention group did not show an improvement in PSOC during the transition when compared directly to controls, after accounting for actual mean app usage, PSOC improved 7% (2.71 points/time greater; 95% CI = 1.45, 6.27) for intervention versus controls. Compared to controls, above-average users increased their PSOC score by 14% (6.84 points/time; 95% CL = 5.02, 8.67), average users by 11% (4.58 points/time; 95% CL = 2.89, 6.27) and below-average users by 6% (2.41 points/time; 95% CL = 0.04, 4.79). Moderate evidence showed LOS was shorter for above-average users compared to the control group (β = 12.2. SE = 6.9, p = 0.085). Conclusion A smartphone application used by parents of VLBW infants during the transition home from the NICU can improve parenting self-efficacy, discharge preparedness, and LOS with improved benefits based on usage.
IBCell Morphocharts: A Computational Model for Linking Cell Molecular Activity with Emerging Tissue Morphology

Despite the fact that many genes and signaling pathways responsible for early carcinoma lesions have been identified, it is not yet fully understood how these molecular defects produce emergent abnormal morphologies. Nonetheless, morphological changes in three-dimensional multicellular cultures provide the first insight into invasive potential of cells and phenotypic/genotypic changes when compared with normal nontumorigenic morphologies. Thus, a quantitative tool for matching the molecular and morphological scales can be useful for designing testable experimental hypotheses. The computational model presented here can capture both the spatial and the temporal dynamics of developing multicellular structures and produces multidimensional charts (morphocharts) of various acinar and mutant morphologies arising from simultaneously varied model parameters. These morphocharts allow us to map experimental morphologies onto the model parameter space to identify deregulated molecular processes that can be subjected to further experimental validation. This approach provides mechanistic information on intermediate scales between molecular pathways and multicellular organization.
Evaluation of synchronous water cystosphincterometry with the membrane catheter in spinal cord injury.

AbstractA membrane catheter was used for synchronous cystosphincterometry in normal and spinal cord injury patients during bladder filling and voiding. The technique was accurate and reflected the interaction between bladder and urethral sphincters under physiologic conditions. Simultaneous cystosphincterometry with the membrane catheter was clinically superior to carbon dioxide urodynamics and offered a method of quantitating detrusor/sphincter dyssynergia.
VEGF Neutralization Plus CTLA-4 Blockade Alters Soluble and Cellular Factors Associated with Enhancing Lymphocyte Infiltration and Humoral Recognition in Melanoma

Immune recognition of tumor targets by specific cytotoxic lymphocytes is essential for the effective rejection of tumors. A phase I clinical trial of ipilimumab (an antibody that blocks CTLA-4 function) in combination with bevacizumab (an antibody that inhibits angiogenesis) in patients with metastatic melanoma found favorable clinical outcomes were associated with increased tumor endothelial activation and lymphocyte infiltration. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we sought features and factors that changed as a function of treatment in patients. Ipilimumab plus bevacizumab (Ipi-Bev) increased tumor vascular expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1. Treatment also altered concentrations of many circulating cytokines and chemokines, including increases of CXCL10, IL1α, TNFα, CXCL1, IFNα2, and IL8, with decreases in VEGF-A in most patients. IL1α and TNFα induced expression of E-selectin, CXCL1, and VCAM1 on melanoma tumor-associated endothelial cells (TEC) in vitro and promoted adhesion of activated T cells onto TEC. VEGFA inhibited TNFα-induced expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 and T-cell adhesion, which was blocked by bevacizumab. CXCL10 promoted T-cell migration across TEC in vitro, was frequently expressed by melanoma cells, and was upregulated in a subset of tumors in treated patients. Robust upregulation of CXCL10 in tumors was accompanied by increased T-cell infiltration. Ipi-Bev also augmented humoral immune responses recognizing targets in melanoma, tumor endothelial, and tumor mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings suggest that Ipi-Bev therapy augments immune recognition in the tumor microenvironment through enhancing lymphocyte infiltration and antibody responses. IL1α, TNFα, and CXCL10, together with VEGF neutralization, contribute to Ipi-Bev-induced melanoma immune recognition. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(10); 858-68. ©2016 AACR.
A Resource Review: Reflect and Improve: A Tool Kit for Engaging Youth and Adults as Partners in Program Evaluation

Highlights of a new evaluation resource “Reflect and Improve: A Tool Kit for Engaging Youth and Adults as Partners in Program Evaluation” are shared by the author. The Tool Kit is designed to help youth serving agencies strengthen program planning and evaluation through youth/adult partnerships.
Students' Development of Representational Competence through the Sense of Touch.

Electromagnetism is an umbrella encapsulating several different concepts like electric current, electric fields and forces, and magnetic fields and forces, among other topics. However, a number of studies in the past have highlighted the poor conceptual understanding of electromagnetism concepts by students even after instruction. This study aims to identify novel forms of “hands-on” instruction that can result in representational competence and conceptual gain. Specifically, this study aimed to identify if the use of visuohaptic simulations can have an effect on student representations of electromagnetic-related concepts. The guiding questions is How do visuohaptic simulations influence undergraduate students’ representations of electric forces? Participants included nine undergraduate students from science, technology, or engineering backgrounds who participated in a think-aloud procedure while interacting with a visuohaptic simulation. The think-aloud procedure was divided in three stages, a prediction stage, a minimally visual haptic stage, and a visually enhanced haptic stage. The results of this study suggest that students’ accurately characterized and represented the forces felt around a particle, line, and ring charges either in the prediction stage, a minimally visual haptic stage or the visually enhanced haptic stage. Also, some students accurately depicted the three-dimensional nature of the field for each configuration in the two stages that included a tactile mode, where the point charge was the most challenging one.
The State of Health System(s) in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

As study after study has pointed out, the health care systems in Africa pay little attention to the critical interface between education and good health, especially when it comes to the education of women and mothers, who are the primary line of defense against child diseases, and perform simultaneously most domestic chores and critical agricultural activities. While many medical educational institutions on the continent tend to perpetuate, at times, skewed and irrelevant Eurocentric health training, the national pyramidal health structure, weakened at the village level, and disproportionately favoring the provincial and national hospitals, gives the illusion that rural areas are well-served, when in actuality they are not. This chapter endorses the restrengthening of an uncompromised health care system to make it effective and efficient for both rural and urban areas; one that finds ways of trimming financial and human resource waste; revamps the institutions that train health care and service providers to make the system responsive to the real health needs of the people and not just the wealthy; one that compensates physicians just as civil servants; and aligns the educational system with targeted and expected measurable health outcomes.
Entrustable Professional Activities: Personalization and Expansion for Pharmacy Graduates?

To the editor: We would like to thank Pittenger and colleagues for their thoughtful article “Entrustable Professional Activities for Pharmacy Practice.”[1][1] Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are a developing area in medical education and we applaud these authors for pioneering EPAs in
The Persistent Neurotoxic Effects of Methamphetamine on Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Markers in Male and Female Rats.

Objective: Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive substance abused world-wide in both males and females. Preclinical studies in male rodents suggest that large-dose exposure to METH can lead to persistent neurotoxic consequences to various brain regions. However, little research has focused on the potential role of sex in the neurotoxic consequences of METH exposure. Methods: The current study exposed male and female rats to large-doses of METH (4 injections of 7.5 mg/kg) or saline. Hyperthermia was promoted in the females exposed to METH such that similar hyperthermia occurred in males and females. Rats were sacrificed 8 d later and neurochemical changes were assessed in the striatum, hippocampus, frontal cortex and olfactory bulbs. Results: Results revealed that male and female rats exposed to METH had similar decreases in dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) immunoreactivity in the striatum, serotonin (5-HT) content and 5-HT transporter (SERT) function in the hippocampus, and 5-HT content in the frontal cortex. However, female rats exposed to METH had greater decreases in 5-HT content in the olfactory bulbs compared to sex-matched controls while male rats exposed to METH did not significantly differ from sex-matched controls. Conclusions: These findings suggest that when similar hyperthermia is maintained between male and female rats exposed to METH, the neurotoxic effects of METH were similar in some, but not all brain regions.
Introduction: Participatory Action Research and Education—Key Approaches and Debates

Participation has become a prominent idea in contemporary social change discourses. Over the years, Participatory Action Research (PAR) processes have been interpreted and new knowledge and solutions have been employed in an increasing number of ways. Chapters in this volume provide a snapshot of some of the emerging purposes and interpretations of PAR in education in South Asian countries. This introduction chapter provides a brief overview of key debates, actors, processes, and challenges presented by the various authors of this edition, in addition to laying out its organization.
It's a Wash: Laundering Suggestions for Woven Cotton Fabrics Digitally Printed with Reactive Inks

With the rapid growth on the digital textile printing industry it is imperative to continually conduct new research. New ink types, fiber technologies, and printing equipment are constantly developed. Quality assurance research must be conducted on various fibers and fabrication to ensure that compatible inks are used in digital textile printing processes for the specified use of the end products. This research examines the laundering process of digitally printed reactive ink fabrics to determine the proper laundering cycle for the best colorfastness results. Benefiting the industry and academia, this research provides advantages and disadvantages of the laundering process for digitally printed reactive inks.
ExaPlan: Efficient Queueing-Based Data Placement, Provisioning, and Load Balancing for Large Tiered Storage Systems

Multi-tiered storage, where each tier consists of one type of storage device (e.g., SSD, HDD, or disk arrays), is a commonly used approach to achieve both high performance and cost efficiency in large-scale systems that need to store data with vastly different access characteristics. By aligning the access characteristics of the data, either fixed-sized extents or variable-sized files, to the characteristics of the storage devices, a higher performance can be achieved for any given cost. This article presents ExaPlan, a method to determine both the data-to-tier assignment and the number of devices in each tier that minimize the system’s mean response time for a given budget and workload. In contrast to other methods that constrain or minimize the system load, ExaPlan directly minimizes the system’s mean response time estimated by a queueing model. Minimizing the mean response time is typically intractable as the resulting optimization problem is both nonconvex and combinatorial in nature. ExaPlan circumvents this intractability by introducing a parameterized data placement approach that makes it a highly scalable method that can be easily applied to exascale systems. Through experiments that use parameters from real-world storage systems, such as CERN and LOFAR, it is demonstrated that ExaPlan provides solutions that yield lower mean response times than previous works. It supports standalone SSDs and HDDs as well as disk arrays as storage tiers, and although it uses a static workload representation, we provide empirical evidence that underlying dynamic workloads have invariant properties that can be deemed static for the purpose of provisioning a storage system. ExaPlan is also effective as a load-balancing tool used for placing data across devices within a tier, resulting in an up to 3.6-fold reduction of response time compared with a traditional load-balancing algorithm, such as the Longest Processing Time heuristic.
NOVEL POTENTIALLY BIODEGRADABLE POLYURETHANES FROM BIO-BASED POLYOLS

Completely bio-based polyols, suitable for the preparation of rigid polyurethanes were synthesized from polyglycerol, lactic acid and fatty acids. Lactic units were introduced into the polyol structure by the ring opening addition of L-lactide to hydroxyl groups, in the presence of the titanium(IV) isopropoxide catalyst. To address the incompatibility issue of simple lactide–(poly)glycerol polyols with isocyanates, vegetable oil-based fatty acids were introduced into the polyol structure. Cast thermosetting polyurethane resins were prepared by reacting polyols with diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Polyurethanes were crosslinked glassy amorphous materials with tensile strength of ~ 60 MPa, flexural modulus of 0.9 - 2.3 GPa and notched Izod impact resistance of 30 - 80 J/m. These polyurethanes are potentially biodegradable.
Minimizing Safety Risks in Complex Systems

Abstract There is a need to develop an adaptive model by which the changes in the testing and upgrade processes for complex software can be observed. The metrics obtained from a software system and a sufficient data base for software failures and operating hours, help to develop a model for predicting the reliability-relevant failures based on actual data and fitting a distribution. However, the collection, identification and classification of the failure data is not timely enough to identify the cause of the failure. From the system engineering perspective testing to an acceptable level is needed to validate the system capability and performance. Testing in a perceived operational environment reduces the risk of the system not meeting the required capabilities. Historically this risk was evaluated in terms of cost, schedule and data. This paper will examine the safety hazards to system design by examining the consequences based on the interaction of data and function and the ensuing behavior complicated by an uncertain input from the human. The paper will identify and develop metrics and interactions thereof which when varied can change the test profile to minimize the uncertainty or risk of the system performance in realistic scenarios for enterprise service systems minimizing safety risk.
Stochastic bias from loops of massive particles during inflation

Abstract Primordial non-Gaussianities enhanced at small wavevectors can induce a power spectrum of the galaxy overdensity that differs greatly from that of the matter overdensity at large length scales. In previous work, it was shown that “squeezed” three-point and “collapsed” four-point functions of the curvature perturbation ζ can generate these non-Gaussianities and give rise to so-called scale-dependent and stochastic bias in the galaxy overdensity power spectrum. We explore a third way to generate non-Gaussianities enhanced at small wavevectors: the infrared behavior of quantum loop contributions to the four-point correlations of ζ. We show that these loop effects can give the largest contributions to the four-point function of ζ in the collapsed limit and be observable in the context of quasi-single field inflation.
Picosecond pulse shaping of single photons using quantum dots

Quantum dots (QDs) are an excellent single-photon source that can be combined with a spin quantum memory. Many quantum technologies require increased control over the characteristics of emitted photons. A powerful approach is to trigger coherent Raman photons from QDs with a Λ energy-level system, such as the spin singlet–triplet system in two coupled QDs. The temporal and spectral behavior of single Raman photons can be varied simply by modifying the excitation source. Here, we demonstrate control of the single-photon pulse shape in a solid-state system on a timescale much shorter than the radiative lifetime, in addition to control of the frequency and bandwidth. We achieve a photon pulse width of 80 ps—an order of magnitude shorter than the exciton lifetime. Possible applications include time-bin encoding of quantum information, matching photons from different sources, and efficient single-photon transfer in a quantum network. Tailoring single photons’ pulse shapes could have applications such as time-bin encoding or interfacing different photon emitters. Here, the authors achieve pulse shaping of Raman single photons from InGaAs quantum dots on a picosecond timescale, much shorter than the radiative lifetime.
Evidence Review Conducted for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery: Focus on Anesthesiology for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols represent patient-centered, evidence-based, multidisciplinary care of the surgical patient. Although these patterns have been validated in numerous surgical specialities, ERAS has not been widely described for patients undergoing hip fracture (HFx) repair. As part of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery, we have conducted a full evidence review of interventions that form the basis of the anesthesia components of the ERAS HFx pathway. A literature search was performed for each protocol component, and the highest levels of evidence available were selected for review. Anesthesiology components of care were identified and evaluated across the perioperative continuum. For the preoperative phase, the use of regional analgesia and nonopioid multimodal analgesic agents is suggested. For the intraoperative phase, a standardized anesthetic with postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis is suggested. For the postoperative phase, a multimodal (primarily nonopioid) analgesic regimen is suggested. A summary of the best available evidence and recommendations for inclusion in ERAS protocols for HFx repair are provided.
Community Trends in Growth and Reproduction

Figure 15-1 and Table 15-1 summarize the variation through time of energy flow (as net production) at the primary producer level, at the herbivore level, and at the primary carnivore level and the relationship between these variables. Figure 15-1 shows that the gap between the phytoplankton and herbivores is consistently greater than the gap between the herbivores and primary carnivores, indicating that energy transfer between the first and second trophic levels is consistently more inefficient than between the second and third trophic levels. The figure also suggests some relationship between energy flow at the first and second trophic levels and this is confirmed in Table 15-1. Although the relationship is far from perfect, it is clear that herbivores are influenced by primary production even though they ingest only a minor portion of the phytoplankton net production.
Additive Contributions of Social Information Processing and Economic Stress to Maltreatment Risk in Disadvantaged Rural Fathers.

Child maltreatment is a critical concern in rural communities. Fathers perpetrate a substantial proportion of maltreatment cases and are overrepresented as perpetrators of severe physical abuse and...
The utility of combined mutation analysis and microRNA classification in reclassifying cancer risk of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Objectives Real-world clinical results of (1) Bethesda categorization, (2) mutation analysis, and (3) a microRNA classifier were correlated to show the utility of molecular analysis in assessing malignancy risk of indeterminate thyroid nodules. Methods Cytology and molecular results of clinically tested thyroid nodules were compared. An additional microRNA threshold was determined based on nodules with known disease status, establishing a 3-tiered microRNA approach to clinical risk assessments. Expected rate of malignancy given mutation panel and 3-tiered microRNA approach was validated in an independent cohort of atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and follicular neoplasm or suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) nodules with surgically derived outcomes. Results In 2685 patients clinically tested, PIK3CA, PAX8/PPARγ, and RET/PTC mutations occurred in less than 1%. Of note, 2% had BRAFV600E mutation and 82% lacked mutations. The maximum expected risk of malignancy in nodules lacking mutations was 9% and 17% for AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN nodules, respectively. Positive microRNA status further increased risk, with the most worrisome status (level-3) elevating risk to 36% and 54%, respectively. RAS mutations occurred in 15% of nodules tested clinically, including in 8% of those that were cytologically benign. The maximum expected risk of malignancy in nodules with RAS or PAX8/PPARγ mutations was 49% and 65% for AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN nodules, respectively. Positive microRNA status further increased risk, with the most worrisome microRNA status (level-3) elevating risk to 85% and 91%, respectively. Conclusions Mutation panels alone do not sufficiently risk stratify thyroid nodular disease. microRNA classification complements cytology and mutation analysis with the capacity to better differentiate nodules at high risk of malignancy.
In-Cylinder Measurements of Mixture Composition for Investigation of Residual Gas Scavenging

Laser Raman scattering with broadband signal detection is employed to simultaneously measure the mole fractions of CO2, O2, N2, C3H8, and H2O under conditions simulating a cold start. The engine is operated with wellpremixed fuel and air, such that each of the measured species can be used to independently estimate the mole fraction of burnt residual gases. The residual gas mole fraction estimates are subsequently examined for consistency and for evidence of poor scavenging of HzO due to condensation on the cold combustion chamber walls. The data indicate that if this mechanism inhibiting HzO scavenging is operative, it results in H2O number densities which are only 10-15% higher than expected. It is suggested that these higher than expected levels of H2O may be associated with Raman scattered light from condensate films on the windows. Raman scattering techniques using backscatter collection geometries are expected to be more sensitive to light scattered from condensate films, which may explain previously measured high H2O mole fractions.
Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study virulence and azole treatment of the emerging pathogen Candida auris.

OBJECTIVES Candida auris is an emerging, often MDR, yeast pathogen. Efficient animal models are needed to study its pathogenicity and treatment. Therefore, we developed a C. auris fruit fly infection model. METHODS TollI-RXA/Tollr632 female flies were infected with 10 different C. auris strains from the CDC Antimicrobial Resistance bank panel. We used three clinical Candida albicans strains as controls. For drug protection assays, fly survival was assessed along with measurement of fungal burden (cfu/g tissue) and histopathology in C. auris-infected flies fed with fluconazole- or posaconazole-containing food. RESULTS Despite slower in vitro growth, all 10 C. auris isolates caused significantly greater mortality than C. albicans in infected flies, with >80% of C. auris-infected flies dying by day 7 post-infection (versus 67% with C. albicans, P < 0.001-0.005). Comparison of C. auris isolates from different geographical clades revealed more rapid in vitro growth of South American isolates and greater virulence in infected flies, whereas the aggregative capacity of C. auris strains had minimal impact on their growth and pathogenicity. Survival protection and decreased fungal burden of fluconazole- or posaconazole-fed flies infected with two C. auris strains were in line with the isolates' disparate in vitro azole susceptibility. High reproducibility of survival curves for both non-treated and antifungal-treated infected flies was seen, with coefficients of variation of 0.00-0.31 for 7 day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Toll-deficient flies could provide a fast, reliable and inexpensive model to study pathogenesis and drug activity in C. auris candidiasis.
Long-term health-related quality of life of adult patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): An integrative review.

Abstract Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a rescue treatment for patients with severe pulmonary and/or cardiac dysfunction, is increasingly being used worldwide. A better understanding of long-term health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is needed. Objective: To synthesize research on long-term (at least 6 months post-ECMO) HRQOL of adults treated with ECMO. Methods: In this integrative review, we searched 3 electronic databases and did a hand search of relevant journals for articles published 2000–2019, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Thirty-one studies, representing 913 patients treated with ECMO, were included. Long-term HRQOL was slightly better for patients treated with veno-venous ECMO than veno-arterial ECMO, and mental health outcomes tended to be better than physical ones. Survivors frequently experienced physical complications, functional limitations, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms, although improvements were observed over time. Conclusions: Early identification and management of physical and mental health problems may improve HRQOL outcomes.
Queer. Caribbean. Miami. Boy: A Personal Geography

Kevin Quashie reflects on growing up Black in Miami and how it has shaped his intellectual pursuits.
Prevalence and characterization of asthma in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises that patients with moderate to severe asthma belong to a high-risk group that is susceptible to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the association between asthma and COVID-19 has not been well-established. Objective The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of asthma among patients with COVID-19 in a major US health system. We assessed the clinical characteristics and comorbidities in asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients with COVID-19. We also determined the risk of hospitalization associated with asthma and/or inhaled corticosteroid use. Methods Medical records of patients with COVID-19 were searched by a computer algorithm (March 1 to April 15, 2020), and chart review was used to validate the diagnosis of asthma and medications prescribed for asthma. All patients had PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Demographic and clinical features were characterized. Regression models were used to assess the associations between asthma and corticosteroid use and the risk of COVID-19–related hospitalization. Results Of 1526 patients identified with COVID-19, 220 (14%) were classified as having asthma. Asthma was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.77-1.19) after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities. The ongoing use of inhaled corticosteroids did not increase the risk of hospitalization in a similar adjusted model (relative risk, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.90-2.15). Conclusions Despite a substantial prevalence of asthma in our COVID-19 cohort, asthma was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. Similarly, the use of inhaled corticosteroids with or without systemic corticosteroids was not associated with COVID-19–related hospitalization.
Reflections on Zimbabwe’s past and future: Tradeoffs between the Lexus and the Baobab tree

Abstract. In early 2018, President Mnangagwa seemingly struck a new tone to the Western world that was welcoming, rather than antagonistic to business investment (Mnangagwa, 2018). Nonetheless, recent and continued land expropriations, continued deficit spending and a severe shortage of cash liquidity have made any recovery a very challenging prospect. Outside observers now have differing outlooks on Zimbabwe, ranging from uniformly “negative” to “mixed”, “neutral” or “cautiously optimistic” (World Bank, 2018; Mining Review Africa, 2018; Mdzungairi, 2018) My recent take on the country in an op-ed for The Wall Street Journal sided with the cautiously optimistic group (Richardson, 2018), but it appears I was too sanguine. Keywords. Reflections, Baobab tree, Zimbabwe, Tradeoffs. JEL. B1, B50, F11, F13, G10.
Millimeter-Wave Blockage Modeling And Mitigation

An Integrated Map-Statistical Blockage (IMSB) model for the millimeter-wave communication has been proposed. Also, we have proposed beam-broadening as a physical layer solution to mitigate millimeter-wave blockage impact. The map-based blockage model has been recommended by 3GPP to model large-scale diffraction loss. However, it ignores the small-scale impact of the blockage. The IMSB model utilizes both the large-scale and small-scale properties of the channel to reproduce the impact of the blockage on the channel’s spectral properties. In addition, beam-broadening provides an antenna pattern with a wide and flat tip by generating multiple coordinated beams to alleviate the blockage effects. The beam-broadening pattern increases the energy of the new wavefronts diffracted from the edges of an obstacle. As a result, it raises the total collected energy by the receiver antenna. The numerical result has been presented to evaluate the performance of the IMSB model for the directional and beam-broadening antenna patterns.
Telemental Health and Telepsychiatry in the College Setting

As demand for mental health care on campus continues to rise, colleges and universities are struggling to provide effective, innovative, and accessible treatment for students. Ongoing barriers to care, such as stigma around mental illness, limited time to engage in treatment, and lack of diverse providers specializing in college mental health continue to impact the availability of services. With increasing research demonstrating the efficacy of telemental health and telepsychiatry, online care may be one solution to creating student mental health treatment options that are economically feasible, tailored to individual student needs, and accessible both on and off campus.
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of adverse effects and transfer of anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies from mother to child.

Abstract Background Data regarding the rate of adverse effects observed in the lactating mother-infant dyad and their immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination during lactation are needed to inform vaccination guidelines. Methods From a prospective cohort of 50 lactating individuals who received mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 (mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2), blood and milk samples were collected prior to first vaccination dose, immediately prior to 2nd dose, and 4-10 weeks after 2nd dose. Symptoms in mother and infant were assessed by detailed questionnaires. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in blood and milk were measured by Pylon 3D automated immunoassay and ELISA, and PEGylated proteins in milk were measured by ELISA. Blood samples were collected from a subset of infants whose mothers received the vaccine during lactation or pregnancy (4-15 weeks after mothers’ 2nd dose). Results No severe maternal or infant adverse effects were reported in this cohort. Two mothers and two infants were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. Vaccine-related products, PEGylated proteins, were not found at significant levels in milk after vaccination. After vaccination, levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM significantly increased in maternal plasma and there was significant transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Receptor Binding Domain (anti-RBD) IgA and IgG antibodies to milk. Milk IgA levels after 2nd dose were negatively associated with infant age. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were not detected in the plasma of infants whose mothers were vaccinated during lactation. Conclusions COVID-19 mRNA vaccines generate robust immune responses in plasma and milk of lactating individuals without severe adverse effects reported.
Frequency Analysis of Rotational Motion using Dual-Polarized Pulse-Doppler Radar

A dual-polarized radar system is utilized for non-contact sensing applications involving rotational motion. Polarization-centric methods are employed to sense and characterize responses from an electric motor with various bearing faults and to sense responses from a high-velocity fan. Conventional characterizations, such as power spectral densities and micro-Doppler responses, are compared with polarization-based statistical approaches such as polarization entropy and a newly proposed micro-Entropy approach inspired by the micro-Doppler approach.
Simulation analysis of plankton dynamics in the Northern Bering Sea

Publisher Summary Simulation models provide an accurate description of a marine ecosystem, particularly, that of planktons. This chapter discusses plankton dynamics and biological interactions of planktons. The chapter describes the 1983–84 survey cruises of the Alpha Helix and Akademik Korolev, which measured the 14 C and 15 N uptake by phytoplankton, the distribution and grazing rates of macrozooplankton, the abundance and production of bacterioplankton by 15 N dilution techniques, 15 N and 35 S turnover by microbenthos and meiobenthos, and macrobenthos abundance and their release of recycled nitrogen compounds, in relation to the distributions of temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll, particulate carbon, and particulate nitrogen. The data obtained by these measurements are summarized. A chlorophyll composite of the surface distribution of phytoplankton biomass within the Bering/Chukchi Seas is illustrated in the chapter. State equations for each variable—that is, zooplankton, detritus pool, and microplankton are presented and solved numerically for their steady-state values at one point of a spatially homogeneous Bering Sea.