cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Counterpoint: Sowing the Seeds of Standardized Care to Reap Better Patient Outcomes

Medical oncology is at a critical crossroads. Our subspecialty emerged at a time when treatment of cancer was limited to surgical removal or radiation therapy for patients with localized malignancies. Patients were referred to medical oncologists with advanced-stage disease only, when other options had been exhausted. An empirical approach to care emerged. As new agentsbecameavailable,theyweretestedacrossabroadrangeof cancers. In time, the benefits of combination chemotherapy were defined; chemotherapy became established as effective treatment of cancer in palliative, adjuvant and curative-intent settings. Again, largely through trial and error, and well-conducted clinical trials, effective therapeutic approaches emerged that successfully combined chemotherapy with radiation and/or surgery. Only in recent years has medical oncology begun to leave its early roots behind to enter the era of genomics and targeted therapies.1 The empirical approach to medical oncology, and the relativelylowpenetrationofclinicaltrialsintopracticeenableditto remain a craft or guild-based specialty. 2,3 Individual patients expected to be offered uniquely designed solutions in which the medical oncologist forged a pact with the patient to identify the very best combination of agents for their condition. As relapses occurred, medical oncologists were ready with alternative solutions, combining different agents, or recycling previously effective ones, until the patient was either too infirm for further treatment or toxicities became intolerable. The results of this approach have best been summarized by Smith and Hillner in their article, “Bending the Cost Curve in Cancer Care.” 4 Cancer care costs have spiraled out of control, rising far more quickly than other health care expenses, greatly taxing insurers and employers, and frequently resulting in catastrophic financial consequences to patients, with little associated benefit. 5,6
Using Discrete Event Simulation for Programming Model Exploration at Extreme-Scale: Macroscale Components for the Structural Simulation Toolkit (SST)

Discrete event simulation provides a powerful mechanism for designing and testing new extremescale programming models for high-performance computing. Rather than debug, run, and wait for results on an actual system, design can first iterate through a simulator. This is particularly useful when test beds cannot be used, i.e. to explore hardware or scales that do not yet exist or are inaccessible. Here we detail the macroscale components of the structural simulation toolkit (SST). Instead of depending on trace replay or state machines, the simulator is architected to execute real code on real software stacks. Our particular user-space threading framework allows massive scales to be simulated even on small clusters. The link between the discrete event core and the threading framework allows interesting performance metrics like call graphs to be collected from a simulated run. Performance analysis via simulation can thus become an important phase in extreme-scale programming model and runtime system design via the SST macroscale components.
What Cosmo Kramer Can Teach Us About Optimal Stopping Times

The real option literature on investment provides insights into firms' decisions to enter and exit markets. This literature emphasizes the role of fixed costs of entry, the salvage value of exit, and uncertainty. A major implication of this literature is that it is often optimal to wait. Nonetheless, since the overwhelming majority of this literature uses models with uncertainty, students are often unclear as to the role of each of these components in determining the value of the option to wait. In this paper, I explain the role of uncertainty and costs/salvage value by considering the question: 'When is it optimal to stop telling the Bob Sacamano story?' In doing so, I provide a simple and entertaining example to illustrate the importance of uncertainty in the real options literature.
Promoting Task‐Based Pragmatics Instruction in EFL Classroom Contexts: The Role of Task Complexity

Robinson's (2001) Cognition Hypothesis claims that more complex tasks promote interaction and language development. This study examined the effect of task complexity in the learning of request-making expressions. Task complexity was operationalized as [+/− reasoning] following Robinson's framework. The study employed a pretest-posttest research design and was conducted over 6 weeks. Korean junior high school students from 3 classes ( N = 73) were assigned to one of the following groups: simple, complex, or control. Both task groups performed a pretest, 2 collaborative tasks, and 2 posttests, whereas the control group performed the pre- and posttests only. Learners' oral interaction during tasks was audiorecorded and analyzed by the number of pragmatic-related episodes (PREs). Learners' knowledge of request expressions was measured by a discourse completion test (DCT). The results indicated that task complexity levels influenced the occurrence of PREs, but no difference was found in the quality of task outcome between the simple and complex groups. In terms of learning outcomes, both task groups outperformed the control group, but no difference was found on the immediate posttest. However, the complex group maintained its gain on the delayed posttest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Accuracy of the Broselow Tape in South Sudan, “The Hungriest Place on Earth”

Objectives The Broselow tape is a length-based tool used for the rapid estimation of pediatric weight and was developed to reduce dosage-related errors during emergencies. This study seeks to assess the accuracy of the Broselow tape and age-based formulas in predicting weights of South Sudanese children of varying nutritional status. Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using data from existing acute malnutrition screening programs for children less than 5 years of age in South Sudan. Using anthropometric measurements, actual weights were compared with estimated weights from the Broselow tape and three age-based formulas. Mid-upper arm circumference was used to determine if each child was malnourished. Broselow accuracy was assessed by the percentage of measured weights falling into the same color zone as the predicted weight. For each method, accuracy was assessed by mean percentage error and percentage of predicted weights falling within 10% of actual weight. All data were analyzed by nutritional status subgroup. Results Only 10.7% of malnourished and 26.6% of nonmalnourished children had their actual weight fall within the Broselow color zone corresponding to their length. The Broselow method overestimated weight by a mean of 26.6% in malnourished children and 16.6% in nonmalnourished children (p < 0.001). Age-based formulas also overestimated weight, with mean errors ranging from 16.2% over actual weight (Advanced Pediatric Life Support in nonmalnourished children) to 70.9% over actual (Best Guess in severely malnourished children). Conclusions The Broselow tape and age-based formulas selected for comparison were all markedly inaccurate in both the nonmalnourished and the malnourished populations studied, worsening with increasing malnourishment. Additional studies should explore appropriate methods of weight and dosage estimation for populations of low- and low-to-middle-income countries and regions with a high prevalence of malnutrition.
Implications of Climate Change for Turnover in Forest Composition

Predicting how climate change will influence forests is challenging. Forest communities are expected to lose cold-adapted trees near their low latitude/elevation range limits, while warm-adapted trees should increase in abundance near their high latitude/elevation limits ( i.e., ‘thermophilization’). However, slow-growing and long-lived trees, paired with climatic sensitivities that differ by species could add complexity to these predictions. To address these possibilities, we use demographic data collected from Mount Rainier National Park to examine: 1) the likelihood of rapid population growth or decline near range limits; 2) differences in climatic sensitivities between tree species at juvenile and adult stages; and 3) whether forest communities have already changed in response to recent warming. Our results suggest focal species are unlikely to shift their ranges rapidly with warming because recruit densities are low and time to reproductive maturity slow near upper range limits, while survival of adult trees is high near lower range limits. Additionally, focal tree species differ in the magnitude and strength of responses at seed and adult stages to climatic factors likely to be altered by warming. Consistent with these findings, shifts in forest community composition over the last 35 years were small, and not consistent with thermophilization predictions. In all, results imply that climate change will only have small, but unpredictable impacts on forest composition in the near-term. We discuss the possibility of much larger changes in forest composition with future climate change, if the drastically different climate regimes projected for the region fundamentally alter demographic processes and disturbance regimes.
Morphogenesis of the epidermis of adult abdomen of Drosophila

Mitotic pattern in the different histoblast nests, and the temporal sequence of fusion and differentiation of these nests and spiracular anlagen resulting; in the formation of the different regions of the adult abdomen of Drosophila melanogaster were studied by examining whole mount preparations and histological sections of the epidermis from closely timed developmental stages. The relationship between the boundaries of the primary (larval) and secondary (adult) segments was determined by following the points of insertion of the dorsal internal oblique muscles which persist through metamorphosis. These studies indicate that the descendants of the anterior dorsal histoblast nest form the hairy and bristled region of the tergum, while those of the anterior and posterior groups of the posterior dorsal nest give rise to the intersegmental membrane and acrotergite respectively; the ventral histoblast cells give rise to the sternum and pleural region while the spiracular anlage forms the spiracle. These findings confirm and extend the conclusions derived from genetic analyses or after experimental induction of defects, on the lineage of the various histoblast nests.
Effect of oxygen and other factors in selenium catalyzed isomerization of unsaturated fatty acid esters

In thetrans-isomerization of ethyl linoleate using 1% selenium as catalyst under nitrogen, 200C was found to be the optimal temperature. Conjugation and polymerization were concurrent with the formation of thetrans esters. In the isomerization of ethyl oleate with selenium, the double bond did not migrate to any appreciable extent. Isomerization studies were performed on olive, safflower and linseed oils and ethyl esters of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Time to reach maxi-maltrans isomer content was longest with linole-nate esters; glycerides reacted more rapidly than ethyl esters, and with lesser polymerization. Oxygen was found to be an important partici-pant in thetrans-isomerization reaction. Its ex-clusion resulted in sharply diminished reaction rates. Benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide accelerated while an antioxidant (BHT) retarded the reaction.
Cognitive consequences of interactivity.

When children encounter objects, design constrains and affords action and cognition. An observational study in the wild revealed how manipulable objects afforded greater complexity of cognitive outcomes, including testing causeand-effect and expressing abstract ideas about phenomena in the natural world. Evidence comes from video analysis of children’s speech, gesture, and action when using a wide range of natural history exhibits. In the museum—an environment expressly designed for learning—children sought information with their moving bodies, eyes and hands. They explored sensorimotor contingencies, looking while touching, pushing, and pulling; they probed the perceptual affordances of different types of museum media, including graphic panels, specimens, models, and interactive exhibits. Children spoke more about the museum’s content when they touched the exhibits, but the content of their speech changed depending on the object’s affordances for interaction. With static specimens and models, children most often referred to objects’ concrete properties. With interactive exhibits, children’s speech involved references to dynamic relations among exhibit elements. Use of abstract speech and iconic gestures also suggests that they perceived interactive exhibits as representations of objects and phenomena beyond the hereand-now. In summary, when children used interactive exhibits, the content of their speech was relational, representational, and at times, both representational and relational; they employed modes of conceptualization not seen when using non-interactive exhibits.
Left ventricular outflow obstruction in Taussig-Bing malformation

In a patient recently undergoing total intracardiac repair of the Taussing-Bing malformation the immediate cause of death appeared to be an obstruction to left ventricular outflow. Examination of this and other specimens of Taussig-Bing malformations revealed that the obstruction appeared to be a portion of the pulmonary conus. This area may be overlooked in the preoperative evaluation and is so located that the obstructive nature of this muscle mass may not be appreciated at the time of surgical repair. The obstructive part of the pulmonary conus can be excised and this appears to be a more common component of the Taussig-Bing anomaly than has previously been appreciated.
Theory of Ultralong-Range Rydberg Molecule Formation Incorporating Spin-Dependent Relativistic Effects: Cs(6s)-Cs(np) as Case Study.

We calculate vibrational spectra of ultralong-range Cs(32p) Rydberg molecules which form in an ultra-cold gas of Cs atoms. We account for the partial-wave scattering of the Rydberg electrons from the Cs perturber atoms by including the full set of spin-resolved 1,3 S_J and 1,3 P_J scattering phase shifts, and allow for the mixing of singlet (S = 0) and triplet (S = 1) spin states through Rydberg electron spinorbit and ground state electron hyperfine interactions. Excellent agreement with observed data in Sasmannshausen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 133201(2015)] in line positions and profiles is obtained. We also determine the spin- dependent permanent electric dipole moments for these molecules. This is the first such calculation of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules for which all of the relativisticcontributions are accounted.
Quantitative assessment of earth's radiation belt electron acceleration

The highly dynamical evolution of the Earth's Van Allen radiation belt electron fluxes is due to competitions between various loss and acceleration processes. In this paper, we focus on analyzing an interesting event, where electrons experienced very rapid acceleration from hundreds of keV to multi-MeV within 12-16 hours in the heart of the outer radiation belt. Using 3D particle diffusion code, we simulate radiation belt electron evolution by including important physical processes, such as radial diffusion due to interaction with ultra-low-frequency waves, as well as pitch angle and energy diffusion driven by whistler-mode chorus waves. A quantitative comparison against the Van Allen Probes electron measurements clearly shows that chorus waves play a critical role in accelerating electrons to multiple MeV through producing the growing peaks in electron phase space density and the characteristic flat-top pitch angle distributions, while radial diffusion plays an important role in redistributing electrons from the developing peaks to other locations.
Into the visible

Invisibility is now a reality. But scientists are not satisfied and still search for the holy grail: a cloak of invisibility that hides macroscale objects viewed from any angle using unpolarized visible light.
Actin-based motility and cell-to-cell spread of bacterial pathogens

Subversion of the host actin cytoskeleton is a critical virulence mechanism used by a variety of intracellular bacterial pathogens during their infectious life cycles. These pathogens manipulate host actin to promote actin-based motility and coordinate motility with cell-to-cell spread. Growing evidence suggests that the tactics employed by pathogens are surprisingly diverse. Here, we review recent advances suggesting that bacterial surface proteins exhibit divergent biochemical mechanisms of actin polymerization and recruit distinct host protein networks to drive motility, and that bacteria deploy secreted effector proteins that alter host cell mechanotransduction pathways to enable spread. Further investigation into the divergent strategies used by bacterial pathogens to mobilize actin will reveal new insights into pathogenesis and cytoskeleton regulation.
Two Proposed Health-Care Plans

Attempts have been made to devise rationing plans for health care, and they have met with varying degrees of acceptance. In 1987, the Oregon legislature voted to eliminate $1.1 billion in Medicaid expenditures for all organ transplants except kidneys and corneas and to use the funds to provide prenatal care for an estimated 2,000 medically indigent women. This decision was made with an explicit understanding that there was a trade-off between basic care for the many and expensive care for the few.
A Network-Based Approach to Modeling and Predicting Product Coconsideration Relations

Understanding customer preferences in consideration decisions is critical to choice modeling in engineering design. While existing literature has shown that the exogenous effects (e.g., product and customer attributes) are deciding factors in customers’ consideration decisions, it is not clear how the endogenous effects (e.g., the intercompetition among products) would influence such decisions. This paper presents a network-based approach based on Exponential Random Graph Models to study customers’ consideration behaviors according to engineering design. Our proposed approach is capable of modeling the endogenous effects among products through various network structures (e.g., stars and triangles) besides the exogenous effects and predicting whether two products would be conisdered together. To assess the proposed model, we compare it against the dyadic network model that only considers exogenous effects. Using buyer survey data from the China automarket in 2013 and 2014, we evaluate the goodness of fit and the predictive power of the two models. The results show that our model has a better fit and predictive accuracy than the dyadic network model. This underscores the importance of the endogenous effects on customers’ consideration decisions. The insights gained from this research help explain how endogenous effects interact with exogeous effects in affecting customers’ decision-making.
P. Bézier: How a Simple System Was Born

This chapter discusses the evolution of systems to solve mathematical problems. Most of the systems were invented by mathematicians, but UNISURF, at least at the beginning, was developed by mechanical engineers from the automotive industry. These engineers were familiar with parts mainly described by lines and circles; fillets and other blending auxiliary surfaces were scantly defined, their final shape being left to the skill and experience of the patternmakers and die-setters. The idea of UNISURF was initially oriented toward geometry rather than analysis, but kept in mind that every datum should be exclusively expressed by numbers. The basic idea of UNISURF came from a comparison with a process often used in foundries to obtain a core: sand being compacted in a box. To make the system more flexible, one might change the shape of the template at the same time as it is moved. This process could not produce a large variety of shapes, but the principle could be translated into a mathematical solution.
Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The past decade has seen tremendous growth in the clinical application of cell-based therapies, and the number of planned human clinical trials to evaluate these therapies continues to increase in number and scope at a rapid pace. A considerable effort on this front has been devoted to evaluating the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were initially characterized as connective tissue progenitors resident in bone marrow. MSCs are now known to possess potent tissue reparative properties that have been linked to secretion of paracrine-acting angiogenic, trophic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory factors. Accordingly, MSC-based therapies are being evaluated for the treatment of a broad array of ischemic, inflammatory, and immunological disorders. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding how the wide-ranging activities of MSCs vary between and are specified within populations remains largely unexplored. Lack of such knowledge makes it difficult to predict and/or control how sampling bias and ex vivo expansion of populations alters their biological activity and therapeutic potency. Herein, we discuss how heterogeneity of MSC populations may explain, in part, disparate outcomes in both experimental animal and human clinical trial data, and discuss several strategies to achieve more reproducible and efficacious outcomes for MSC-based therapies.
Dynamic Testing of Curved Bridge — Huyck Stream

A CURVED STEEL GIRDER BRIDGE WAS FIELD TESTED IN RENSSELAER, NEW YORK. DESCRIBED ARE THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS IN TERMS OF MEASUREMENTS OF STRESS, DEFLECTION ROTATION, AND GENERAL BEHAVIOR OF THE STRUCTURE. THE BRIDGE TESTED IS A FOUR-GIRDER, SIMPLE-SPAN STRUCTURE WITH CENTER LINE SPAN LENGTH OF 95 FT, AND CENTER LINE RADIUS OF 162 FT BUILT WITH RADIAL SUPPORTS. THE TEST VEHICLE WAS A SEMITRAILER COMBINATION WHICH WAS LOADED TO SIMULATE A HS20-44 DESIGN LOADING. DYNAMIC AS WELL AS STATIC (CRAWL) RUNS WERE PERFORMED. /AUTHOR/
Micro-wear and friction of carbon film with molecularly thin PFPE lubricants

When a surface protective diamond-like-carbon (DLC) film experiences high speed contact, it can be degraded and damaged by mechanical stress and frictional temperature rise. In this study, the thermomechanical contact behavior of thin DLC film on a magnetic recording disk was systematically investigated with respect to the contact speed (1.2 m/s ~ 36.1 m/s) using a newly-developed experiment technique. For comparison, experiments were performed on the DLC film samples with and without molecularly thin perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants on the surface. Using the post experiment samples, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micro Raman measurements were carried out to examine the mechanisms of surface wear and material degradation. It was observed that the higher contact speed (12.0 m/s & 36.1 m/s) caused earlier failure and wider wear track on the surface than the lower contact speed (i.e., 1.2 m/s). When a monolayer thick PFPE lubricant is applied onto the surface, it significantly improved the friction and wear performance of the DLC film. Based on the Raman analysis, it could be found that the DLC on the contact area showed a clear evidence of thermal degradation, i.e., graphitization process, by frictional heat generation.
Economic Evaluation of the Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Pharmacist Case Management to Control Hypertension (Hyperlink) Trial

Background Pharmacist-managed (team-based) care for hypertension with home blood pressure monitoring support interventions have been widely studied and shown to be effective in improving rates of hypertension control and lowering blood pressure; however, few studies have evaluated the economic considerations related to bringing these programs into usual practice. Objective To analyze the economic outcomes of the Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Pharmacist Management on Blood Pressure (Hyperlink) study, a cluster randomized controlled trial which used home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist case management to achieve better blood pressure control in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Methods A prospective analysis compared differences in medical costs and encounters in the Hyperlink telemonitoring intervention and usual care groups in the 12 months pre- and post-enrollment using medical and pharmacy insurance claims from a health care sector perspective. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate differences between groups over time. These results, combined with previously published prospective study results on intervention costs and blood pressure outcomes, were used to estimate cost-effectiveness measures for blood pressure control and reduction. Findings Total medical costs in the intervention group were lower compared with the usual care group by an average of $281 per person, but this difference was not statistically significant. Clinic-based office visit, radiology, pharmacy, and hospital costs were also non-significantly lower in the intervention group. Statistically significant differences were found in lipid-related laboratory costs (higher) and in hypertension- (higher) and lipid-related (lower) pharmacy costs. Patterns in medical costs were similar for medical encounters. On average, the intervention cost $7337 per person achieving hypertension control and $139 or $265 per mm Hg reduction in systolic or diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Conclusions Home blood pressure monitoring and pharmacist case management to improve hypertension care can be implemented without increasing, and potentially reducing, overall medical care costs.
Estimating the Human Influence on Tropical Cyclone Intensity as the Climate Changes

Quantifying the human influence on individual extreme weather events is a new and rapidly developing science. Understanding the influence of climate change on tropical cyclones poses special challenges due to their intensities and scales. We present a method designed to overcome these challenges using high-resolution hindcasts of individual tropical cyclones under their actual large-scale meteorological conditions, counterfactual conditions without human influences on the climate system, and scenarios of increased climate change. Two practical case studies are presented along with a discussion of the conditions and limitations of attribution statements that can be made with this hindcast attribution method.
The Utility of the Classification

Because the Constituent, the Argument Structure, and the Proposition each result from the application of functors of the same type (i.e. obligatory, listable, and non-localizable), by the classification developed in Chapter One they must be assigned the same category type (i.e. syntactically inaccessible, but phonologically accessible). We expect, then, the sort of parallel we have witnessed: All three categories — and none of a different type — are potential arguments in the rule schema in (1).
Interface fracture of micro-architectured glass: Inverse identification of interface properties and a novel analytical model

Abstract Recently, it is demonstrated that bio-inspired interlocking micro-architectures within a brittle material can increase its ductility and fracture toughness remarkably. Despite showing tremendous promise, there is a lack of computational and analytical models for these interlocked systems to simulate opening-mode fracture behavior. Besides, due to curved geometry of the interface its properties are difficult to obtain from experiments alone. In the present paper the effective thickness, cohesive and contact properties of the interface, are inversely identified from the experimental data by developing and using a finite element (FE) model as a forward solver. The identification is challenging due to the fact that the influences of these parameters on the mechanics are interdependent. Present FE model has revealed important insights about the stress fields and the interface fracture process. Further, a novel approximate analytical model is derived to simulate the complete pullout response of the interlocking teeth, which involves the mixed mode cohesive fracture and the contact mechanics at the interface in addition to elastic deformation of the teeth. The analytical model is derived independently without any phenomenological input from the experiments or the finite element simulations. However, the predictions by the analytical model match accurately with both experiments and the finite element simulations. It is expected that the proposed experimentally validated, predictive computational and analytical models of interlocking micro-architectured materials would generate insights into their complex failure process and enable their performance optimization for large-scale applications.
A Local Property Yield Rate Using An Economic Indicator for Future Growth

This paper develops the relationship between local economic growth and the overall property discount rate. A measure of local growth is calculated based on the value the local workforce contributes...
First-Grade Reading Instruction and Reading Growth: Asian Language Minorities and Native-English-Speaking Peers:

The present study explores whether the relation between aspects of first-grade reading instruction and reading growth through eighth grade differed for Asian language minority (LM) children and nat...
The Effects of Alcohol Priming on the Subsequent Value of Alcohol.

Objective:Previous research has investigated the effects of substance priming (i.e., substance exposure or preload) on the subsequent value of alcohol. Studies suggest that substance priming may se...
Does engaging in social rejection heighten or diminish social processing

When people find themselves in the unenviable position of having to socially reject, do they have access to enhanced social sensitivity or does the role of rejector blunt their social sensitivity? ...
Beyond Slam: the DUF560 family outer membrane protein superfamily SPAM has distinct network subclusters that suggest a role in non-lipidated substrate transport and bacterial environmental adaptation

In host-associated bacteria, surface and secreted proteins mediate acquisition of nutrients, interactions with host cells, and specificity of host-range and tissue-localization. In Gram-negative bacteria, the mechanism by which many proteins cross, become embedded within, or become tethered to the outer membrane remains unclear. The domain of unknown function (DUF)560 occurs in outer membrane proteins found throughout and beyond the proteobacteria. Functionally characterized DUF560 representatives include NilB, a host-range specificity determinant of the nematode-mutualist Xenorhabdus nematophila and the surface lipoprotein assembly modulators (Slam), Slam1 and Slam2 which facilitate surface exposure of lipoproteins in the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. Through network analysis of protein sequence similarity we show that DUF560 subclusters exist and correspond with organism lifestyle rather than with taxonomy, suggesting a role for these proteins in environmental adaptation. Cluster 1 had the greatest number of representative proteins, was dominated by homologs from animal-associated symbionts, and was composed of subclusters: 1A (containing NilB, Slam1, and Slam2), 1B, and 1C. Genome neighborhood networks revealed that Cluster 1A DUF560 members are strongly associated with TonB, TonB-dependent receptors, and predicted co-receptors such as the Slam1 lipoprotein substrates transferrin binding protein and lactoferrin binding protein. The genome neighborhood network of Cluster 1B sequences are similarly dominated by TonB loci, but typically the associated co-receptors (the presumed DUF560 substrates) are predicted to be non-lipidated. We suggest that these subclusters within the DUF560 protein family indicate distinctive activities and that Slam activity may be characteristic of Cluster 1A members but not all DUF560 homologs. For Cluster 1 DUF560 homologs we propose the name SPAM (Surface/Secreted Protein Associated Outer Membrane Proteins) to accommodate the potential for non-lipoprotein substrates or different activities. We show that the repertoire of SPAM proteins in Xenorhabdus correlates with host phylogeny, suggesting that the host environment drives the evolution of these symbiont-encoded proteins. This pattern of selection for specific sequences based on host physiology and/or environmental factors may extend to other clusters of the DUF560 family.
Implementation, feasibility, and acceptability of quality of life therapy to improve positive emotions among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) save lives, but often induce significant psychological distress among patients. Positive psychological constructs are associated with improved outcomes among cardiac patients. In this NHLBI-funded randomized controlled trial, one aim was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a positive psychology intervention (Quality of Life Therapy; QOLT, n = 11), compared to a Heart Healthy Education (HHE) control (n = 10), among ICD patients. A majority of participants across groups attended all 12 sessions (71%) and completed homework assignments (80%). Agreement on participant engagement and interventionist protocol adherence were high, with no differences between groups (ps > 0.20). A greater proportion of QOLT participants rated their sessions was “very” helpful compared to HHE participants (63% vs. 10%, p = 0.19). These initial data support the feasibility and acceptability of QOLT. A larger-scale trial using positive psychology interventions among ICD patients is indicated to determine potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between positive psychological constructs and cardiovascular health.
E-115 Intracranial salvage techniques in refractory thrombectomy: who, when and how?

Purpose Emergent large vessel occlusion due to underlying vessel wall pathology may be refractory to the endovascular stroke thrombectomy requiring further intracranial interventions to achieve successful recanalization. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of refractory thrombectomy requiring further intervention, compare their baseline characteristics, adjunctive intracranial interventions, and outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 253 patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for ELVO from Jan 2015 to December 20198. Refractory thrombectomy was defined as patients requiring emergent intracranial angioplasty/stenting, intraprocedural antiplatelet therapy, or patients suffering reocclusion in the same artery within one day of the procedure. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between the refractory and the standard treatment groups using Mann-Whitney and Fisher Exact and Chi square tests. Outcomes were also compared within the refractory group undergoing different treatment modalities. Favorable outcome was defined as mRS ≤ 2 after 3 months. Results Refractory thrombectomy was identified in 22 cases (8.7%) with no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics, median NIHSS score (15 vs. 17, P=0.14), and percentage of favorable outcomes (42.1% vs 51.9%, P=0.48) versus the standard thrombectomy group, respectively. Patients in the refractory cohort had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (45.5% vs. 19.9%, P=0.013), while the standard group patients presented with significantly higher rates of atrial fibrillation (47.8% vs. 18.2%, P=0.007). Diabetes was the sole independent predictor of refractory thrombectomy with OR 3.436 (95% CI: 1.190–9.524, p=0.017). Within the refractory group, 9 patients were treated with intracranial stenting (40.9%), 7 received intra-arterial/intravenous eptifibatide infusion (31.8%), 2 patients were treated by angioplasty (9%), and 4 developed silent re-occlusions (18%). There were no significant differences in favorable outcomes between the standard versus refractory thrombectomy groups, whether treated with intracranial stenting or eptifibatide antiplatelet therapy (51.9% Vs. 62.5% Vs. 14.3%, P=0.12). Conclusion Refractory thrombectomy is more common in diabetics. Emergent intracranial stenting and eptifibatide antiplatelet are equally safe and effective adjuvant treatments after stroke thrombectomy in the setting of underlying vessel wall pathology. Disclosures R. Abdalla: None. M. Darwish: None. T. Shokuhfar: None. S. Azmi: None. D. Cantrell: None. M. Hurley: None. M. Potts: None. B. Jahromi: None. A. Shaibani: None. S. Ansari: None.
An assessment of iron isotope fractionation during core formation

Abstract Iron is a ubiquitous element in terrestrial and extra-terrestrial settings and can provide clues as to the conditions during which planetary scale processes occurred. One example of this is determining the conditions accompanying metal core formation in rocky planets and planetesimals. For at least two decades there has been a growing database of experimental and natural data aimed at understanding whether iron isotopes fractionate during the separation of silicate and metal. While it has been argued that the data are not in agreement with one another, it is apparent that once criteria are established that prove equilibrated samples, there is good agreement amongst the different studies when looked at as a function of the metallic composition. Proving equilibrium is critical in these types of experiments. The three-isotope experimental technique for establishing equilibrium is found to be both mathematically and fundamentally sound. Further it is clear that the question of whether there is an equilibrium iron isotope fractionation between metal and silicate is not straightforward and that it can vary significantly as a function of temperature, pressure, metallic composition, oxygen fugacity, and silicate composition.
A unified account of numerosity perception.

People can identify the number of objects in sets of four or fewer items with near-perfect accuracy but exhibit linearly increasing error for larger sets. Some researchers have taken this discontinuity as evidence of two distinct representational systems. Here, we present a mathematical derivation showing that this behaviour is an optimal representation of cardinalities under a limited informational capacity, indicating that this behaviour can emerge from a single system. Our derivation predicts how the amount of information accessible to viewers should influence the perception of quantity for both large and small sets. In a series of four preregistered experiments (N = 100 each), we varied the amount of information accessible to participants in number estimation. We find tight alignment between the model and human performance for both small and large quantities, implicating efficient representation as the common origin behind key phenomena of human and animal numerical cognition. Cheyette and Piantadosi present a model of numerosity perception and find that core properties of number processing can be derived as optimal information processing with memory limits.
Teaching Computer Science with Abstract Strategy Games

Abstract Strategy Games are games of no chance with complete information - all players (usually two) know all there is about the current position; nothing is hidden. Examples of popular games are Tic-Tac-Toe, Chess, Checkers, Connect-4, Reversi, Mancala, Nim, Dots-and-Boxes, and Go; there are thousands more. In addition to the cultural history and remarkably beautiful mathematics locked within the strategies and game trees, we have found they form a wonderfully fertile, rich, and engaging source of activities around which to teach fundamentals of computer science. This panel will explore the ways in which we have used these games with our students, through interactive tutorials and reflection that will each surface a particular CS concept. After sharing best practices, we will invite the audience to contribute their own experiences.
Identifying Positive Socioeconomic Factors of Worker Roles.

Workers incorporating new technologies into their workflow is crucial for organizations. Treating workers as an asset that can be trained to harness the potential of new artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies is a middle ground not afforded by most organizations. This study is to aid stakeholders in understanding the positive socioeconomic factors to create solutions to workforce displacement that can incorporate AI technologies. To ensure the creation of effective training solutions, this study is focused on stakeholders immediately affected, workers, and their role. I ask, “what socioeconomic factors should automation and AI technology developers consider for training humans in the workplace?” In answering the research question, the technology developers will be sensitive to socioeconomic factors as potential data points in a training solution. Designing roles incorporating the productivity metrics of job attributes, agency in decisions, and job satisfaction were socioeconomic factors found to have a positive effect on workers.
Multidimensional Self-report Assessment of Children's Acute Pain in an Inpatient Setting.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the feasibility of administering a multidimensional, self-report pain assessment protocol to children in an inpatient, acute pain context, and sought insight into the interrelationships between sensory, affective, and evaluative pain dimensions. METHODS A total of 132 children (5 to 16 y) experiencing acute pain were recruited from acute pain ward rounds or the short-stay surgical unit. A multidimensional self-report assessment protocol was administered, assessing pain intensity, pain-related affect, bother, perceived unfairness, and pain expectations (for tomorrow and in 1 wk). Duration of protocol administration was assessed and ease of administration was rated. Pain-related behaviors were rated using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Scale. RESULTS The duration of protocol administration was <2.5 minutes, on average, for all age groups. Median ease of protocol administration was 7/10 for 5- to 7-year-olds and 8/10 for older age groups. Pain-related bother was higher for 14- to 16-year-olds, relative to younger age groups, and significantly correlated with perceived unfairness (r=0.59, P<0.01), intensity (r=0.76, P<0.01), and affect (r=0.33, P<0.05). For younger age groups, bother was significantly positively correlated only with pain intensity (rs=0.59 to 0.79, Ps<0.01) and affect (rs=0.4 to 0.71, Ps <0.05). A stepwise multiple regression analysis found multidimensional self-reported information (especially pain intensity and perceived unfairness), accounted for significant additional amount of variance, beyond that explained by age, pain duration, and observed pain behavior. DISCUSSION Sensory, affective, and evaluative aspects of children's clinical, acute pain experience may be assessed using self-report tools, which provide unique and valuable information about their pain experience.
Can better financial conditions lead to more fiscal transparency? Evidence from municipalities in California

Fiscal transparency is widely promoted as an effective means to achieve government accountability. Although scholars have explored various drivers of fiscal transparency, the relationship between a...
Signaling Eligibility: Evaluating the Messaging of NCAA Eligibility Requirements to Prospective Student-Athletes.

Resting on core values including a focus on academic achievement and amateur competition, the NCAA requires that student-athletes meet specific eligibility requirements prior to competing in intercollegiate athletics. Prospective and current student-athletes receive information surrounding eligibility requirements from a variety of sources and are solely responsible for securing their eligibility. Signaling theory explores the informational asymmetry that exists between two parties in a transaction, when one party in a position of power holds information that the other party has not obtained and may be important in the ability of the uninformed party to make a decision (Connelly, Certo, Ireland, & Reutzel, 2011). Additionally, importance-satisfaction analysis offers a practical way to evaluate how satisfied consumers are with a particular attribute, against whether or not they believe that attribute to be important (Martilla & James, 1977) This study explores student-athletes’ satisfaction with the communications they received surrounding academic and amateurism eligibility requirements for participation in NCAA intercollegiate athletics, and their perceived importance of those communications within an environment of informational asymmetry. Specifically, I surveyed 162 NCAA student-athletes competing in all three NCAA divisions and 20 conferences. The results indicated that while student-athletes were generally satisfied with the communications they received regarding eligibility requirements, discrepancies between the satisfaction with and the reported importance of these communications exist. These results suggest that the NCAA and its member-institutions have an opportunity to improve communications surrounding eligibility requirements in an effort to level the proverbial playing field in an environment of informational asymmetry.
eIF4A inhibitors PatA and RocA stack the deck against translation

In Cell Chemical Biology, Naineni et al. (2021) report the structure of a synthetic analog of the translation inhibitor pateamine A bound to initiation factor eIF4A and RNA. The drug stacks with RNA bases in the same pocket where unrelated rocaglate compounds bind, highlighting a druggable site for DEAD-box proteins.
Numerical study of cross-flow around a circular cylinder with differently shaped span-wise surface grooves at low Reynolds number

Abstract Laminar cross-flow over a circular cylinder with smooth as well as longitudinally grooved surfaces was investigated numerically for low freestream Reynolds number ranging from 50 to 300. Most of the currently published works on similar flow configurations considered high Reynolds number in the turbulent regime. The computations were performed by the ANSYS Fluent code. The numerical results were validated against the experimental results. The triangular V-shaped, the U-shaped, and Rectangular shaped grooves, with unit aspect ratio; along with the smooth cylinder, are considered. The predicted flow-field for the grooved cylinder cases are analyzed and compared with that for the smooth cylinder. The aerodynamic loads, time-averaged velocities, rms velocity, vorticity, and pressure coefficient plots around the smooth and grooved cylinders were compared to explore the effect of the shape of the grooves on flow dynamics over the cylinder. The flow physics around the cylinder is significantly affected by the shape and size of the grooves, and their circumferential distribution. It is found that the U-grooves significantly decrease the mean drag coefficient (around 13% for Re = 200 and 10% for Re = 300 compared to the smooth cylinder case). The grooves decreased viscous drag significantly (up to 30%) compared to pressure drag. The grooves on the cylinder also delayed the separation and reduced the extent of the recirculation zone in the cylinder wake due to the presence of recirculating flow within the individual grooves. The conclusion is that the properly designed longitudinal grooves on the cylinder in a cross-flow can be used advantageously for reducing aerodynamic loads like drag and lift force in laminar flow as well.