cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Ordering of Colloidal Particles in Shallow Nanoscale Surface Corrugations

The influence of nanoscale out-of-plane roughness on the ordering of submicron spheres during evaporative deposition from colloidal suspension was examined using shallow corrugated substrates possessing optical wavelengths and nanoscale amplitude. Under conditions in which spheres were embedded in a liquid layer with thickness on the order of the sphere diameter, it was observed that the spheres overwhelmingly deposited in the valleys of the surface corrugations rather than on their peaks. This behavior persisted to surprisingly shallow corrugation amplitudes, sometimes 100 times smaller than the sphere diameter. An analysis of the capillary forces on the spheres explains this behavior and also yields a critical corrugation amplitude below which a substrate will appear "flat" to depositing spheres. The observation that substrate features significantly smaller than the sphere diameter can influence deposition morphology may lead to simple methods to create large domains of order in colloidal crystals.
Radar Observations of Transport and Diffusion in Clouds and Precipitation Using TRACIR

Abstract A remote-sensing technique called TRACIR (tracking air with circular-polarization radar) was developed recently for studying air-parcel trajectories in clouds. The technique uses a dual-circular-polarization radar to detect microwave chaff fibers that serve as tracers of the air motion. The radar is able to detect the chaff inside clouds and precipitation by measuring the circular-depolarization ratio, which is much higher for chaff than for hydrometeors. Chaff concentrations are also estimated by the technique, thus permitting turbulent diffusion in clouds to be examined. Demonstrations of TRACIR's capabilities are presented for three cases in which chaff was used to simulate the movement of cloud-seeding nuclei in clouds and precipitation. In two cases involving airborne chaff releases, the gradual drift and diffusion of chaff in a stratiform cloud are contrasted with its abrupt transport and dispersion in a convective cloud. In the third case study, the technique successfully detected a plume ...
Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat liver

Abstract When rats were fed a diet containing 0.4% (w/w) butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), glutathione (GSH) S -transferase activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) increased approximately 3-fold in the liver. Immunotitration studies using the antibodies raised against rat liver GSH S -transferase B and GSH S -transferase A and C indicated that the increase in GSH S -transferase activity was probably due to de novo protein synthesis. Since some forms of rat liver GSH S -transferases express GSH peroxidase II activity, a concomitant increase in GSH peroxidase II was expected. However, GSH perodixase II activity in the liver of BHT-treated rats remained unchanged. Gel filtration of supernatant fractions from livers of control and BHT-treated rats, followed by isoelectric focusing, indicated that BHT induced the activity of hepatic GSH S -transferases, without any apparent effect on GSH peroxidase II activity.
Multiple sclerosis with hydromyelia demonstrated at autopsy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) associated with intramedullary cysts has been recently documented radiographically in approximately a dozen cases, but histological confirmation in these cases has been lacking. These cysts have been noted to occur centrally in the spinal cord and have been previously diagnosed as syringomyelia. We report a patient with extensive hydromyelia, but no dissecting syringomyelic cavity, of the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord, which was co-existant with centrally located, non-necrotic, chronic demyelinative plaques. A few well demarcated non-necrotic plaques were seen in the cerebrum and cerebellum with sparing of optic chiasm, confirming the diagnosis of chronic, non-Devic type MS. Although a cause and effect between the hydromyelia and MS cannot be proven in this or any of the previously reported radiographic cases our report provides pathological confirmation of the association between these two entities and further delineates the type of cyst.
Infrared spectra of the superionic conductors Na, K, Rb, Ag and Ti β-aluminates

Abstract A detailed analysis of the infrared reflectivity spectra of the superionic conductors X β-aluminates (X = Na, K, Ag, Rb and Tl) is presented. A Kramers-Kronig analysis and the oscillator fits to the data have yielded the frequencies of the transverse optic and associated longitudinal optic modes. A model which ignores the coupling between the spinel blocks accounts for the number of observed infrared modes as well as the Raman modes. It is shown that even for the modes characteristic of the motions of the disordered X-ions, the wave vector selection rule is still valid. The results are discussed with the available theoretical calculations.
Social networks as normal science

Abstract Social network analysis has emerged as an integrated scientific specialty concerned with the structural analysis of social interaction. Historical evidence suggests that members of this specialty are connected by an invisible college, a shared paradigm and a primary journal. The journal Social Networks is a primary outlet for researchers in this specialty, particularly those concerned with methodological issues. By examining the pattern of citations within this journal we are able to confirm this historical evidence and gain insight into how science is being conducted by members of this specialty. Using main path analysis, we examined the pattern in the citation network in the first 12 volumes of the journal. We found six main path structures of connected articles that define and describe core developments in the specialty. The most important of these structures focuses on role analysis, and spans all 12 volumes of Social Networks . We find a high density of multiple citations, both to articles within the journal and to key articles outside the journal, and many authors who have published more than a single article in the journal. In addition, the main path tree structures extend through much of the total network, have a single identifiable coherent substantive concern, and are incremental in nature. The pattern of these main paths, and the overall citation pattern, is consistent with a pattern of scientific development labeled by Kuhn as ‘normal science’.
Life cycle energy and environmental benefits of a US industrial symbiosis

The industrial ecosystem identified in and around the Campbell Industrial Park in Honolulu County, Hawai’i involves 11 facilities exchanging water, materials, and energy across an industrial cluster. This paper highlights the advantages of this arrangement using life cycle assessment to determine the energy and environmental costs and benefits of the existing pattern of exchanges. A consequential approach was used to evaluate each material substitution for four environmental impact categories: primary energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, acidification, and eutrophication. Each material exchange included avoided production and reduced use of virgin materials, any necessary pre-processing or transportation of local by-products, and avoided treatment or disposal of these by-products. All exchanges exhibited positive net savings across all environmental impact categories, with the exceptions of waste oil and tire-derived fuel burned as substitutes for coal. The greatest savings occur as a result of sharing steam between a combined cycle fuel oil-fired cogeneration plant and a nearby refinery. In total, the environmental savings realized by this industrial cluster are significant, equivalent to 25 % of the state’s policy goal for reducing the industrial component of GHG emissions over the next decade. The role of policy in supporting material and energy exchanges is also discussed as the central cluster of two power plants and two refineries share steam and water in part under regulatory requirements. The results show environmental benefits of the sharing of by-product resources accrued on a life cycle basis, while for the local context, the reduction of imported fuels and materials helps to reduce the external dependency of Oahu’s remote island economy. The environmental benefits of materials exchanges are often ignored in energy policy, though, as in this case, they can represent considerable savings.
Point-defect clustering during irradiation

A time-dependent nucleation and growth model, based on the chemical reaction-rate formalism, has been developed for calculating both vacancy- and interstitial-cluster concentrations during the early stages of irradiation. Concentrations of small clusters are obtained by solving the exact difference equations, and those of larger clusters by solving a differential equation that describes the size distribution function. When calculations are performed with parameters appropriate for nickel, the model predicts (1) very rapid interstitial clustering; (2) interstitial-cluster concentrations NI proportional to n12 exp[−EIm2kT], where EIm is the interstitial migration energy and n is the point defect production rate, if the sinkannihilation probability is low; (3) NI proportional to n exp[−EImkT] if the sink-annihilation probability is high; and (4) significant vacancy clustering only when the interstitial clusters are in the growth regime.
Actin-like properties of colchicine binding protein isolated from brain.

THE isolation from mammalian brain of a protein with properties similar to those of muscle actomyosin was recently reported1 and it was suggested that the protein was composed of actin-like and myosin-like subunits. There have also been references2 to the possibility that colchicine binding protein isolated from the microtubules of sea urchin sperm tails3, mitotic spindles4,5 and the cilia of Tetrahymena6 may be composed of an actin-like protein. The ability to bind colchicine also seems to be a characteristic of the microtubules of the central nervous system7 and a colchicine binding protein has been isolated from mammalian brain8. It was therefore of interest to isolate colchicine binding protein from brain and test its actin-like properties.
Transitory hematologic effects of moderate exercise are not influenced by iron supplementation

A young women's exercise/fitness class tested the idea that administration of supplemental iron would prevent “sports anemia” that may develop during exercise and training and improve iron status of exercising females of menstrual age. Fifteen women (aged 18–37) were selected for each of three treatment groups: (1) no supplemental iron; (2) 9 mg·d−1 of Fe; and (3) 18 mg·d−1 of Fe (1 US Recommended Daily Allowance). Women exercised at approximately 85% of maximal heartrate for progressively increasing lengths of time in a jogging program and worked up to 45 min of exercise 4 d·week−1 for 8 weeks. Hematologic analysis was performed in weeks 1, 5, and 8. A significant decline in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hematocrit (Hct) was observed at week 5 when all data were examined without regard for iron intake; these red cell indices returned to pre-exercise levels by week 8. Reduction of mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) indicated that the midpoint decline was not caused by simple hemodilution during exercise. Serum ferritin (SF) concentration changed in parallel with Hb and Hct. Although the midpoint decline in SF was not statistically significant, it ruled out the possibility that turnover of red cell iron was directed to storage. Lowered MCHC and SF suggested lower availability of iron during the synthesis of a new generation of red cells. Few iron treatment effects of magnitude were observed. Iron did not prevent the midpoint decline in Hb concentration. Iron intake did not affect SF, serum iron, transferrin saturation, or final Hb, and Hct. Dietary iron availability thus does not appear to play a role in the phenomenon of “sports anemia”. Temporary alteration of priorities for iron needs during exercise, perhaps for muscle myoglobin, may be responsible for this transitory “anemia”.
Fast adaptive k -means clustering: some empirical results

The authors present learning rate schedules for fast adaptive k -means clustering which surpass the standard MacQueen learning rate schedule (J. MacQeen, 1967) in speed and quality of solution by several orders of magnitude for large k . The methods accomplish this by largely overcoming the problems of metastable local minima and nonstationarity of cluster region boundaries which plague the MacQueen approach. The authors use simulation results to compare the clustering performances of four learning rate schedules applied to independently sampled data from a uniform distribution in one and two dimensions
Detection of refolding conformers of complement protein C9 during insertion into membranes.

HUMAN complement protein C9 is a hydrophilic serum glycoprotein responsible for efficient expression of the cytotoxic and cytolytic functions of complement. It assembles on the surface of a target cell together with C5, C6, C7 and C8 to form the membrane attack complex (MAC) and therefore has to change structure to become an integral membrane protein1–7. As the protein assumes a stable structure in an aqueous environment, the question arises as to how it can enter the hydrophobic interior of a membrane. During MAC assembly C9 polymerizes into a circular structure, termed poly(C9) (ref. 8), which is responsible for the cylindrical electron microscopic appearance of the MAC. The suggestion has been made that C9 must at least partly unfold in order to enter a membrane7–11 and also that polymerization of the molecule is intimately linked to insertion and cytotoxicity11–13. The extent of unfolding and the mechanism of polymerization are not understood, nor is it known precisely which parts of the molecule participate in the proposed structural changes. We have been able to capture refolding C9 conformers during membrane insertion with the help of sequence-specific anti-peptide antibodies. Some of these antibodies inhibit C9-mediated haemolysis but not C9 polymerization, while others have the opposite effect. This suggests that the two processes are independent.
Strategies to control antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

To the editor: the recent article by Han et al. about the short and long term effects of antipsychotic drug treatment on weight gain and H1 receptor expression was highly interesting (Han et al., 2008). Interestingly, a number of new pharmacological as well as behavioral strategies for managing antipsychotic-induced weight gain have emerged over the past few years. For instance, Levy et al. in a recent study have shown that topiramate can be effectively used for controlling weight gain in schizophrenic patients on chronic anti psychotic therapy (Levy et al., 2007). Bupropion is another medication that is effective in reducing antipsychotic-induced weight gain. For instance, the average weight loss after the addition of bupropion is about 3.4 kg (Gadde et al., 2006). Similarly, replacement therapy with melatonin reduces weight gain secondary to the use of anti psychotics such as olanzapine (Raskind et al., 2007). The effectiveness of metformin in the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain has been re confirmed in recent studies conducted by Wu et al. (Wu et al., 2008). Other drugs that have also been shown to be effective include acetazolamide andmemantine. In addition, the simultaneous use of behavioral therapies may make the pharmacological weight control strategies more effective. For instance, Khazaal et al. have recently demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in controlling weight gain in patients on chronic anti psychotic therapy (Khazaal et al., 2007). Clearly, antipsychotic-induced weight gain is a major problem in patients on psycho-pharmacological agents. Hopefully, increased awareness amongst clinicians and
Kinetics of acid neutralization by aluminum hydroxide gel

The rate of acid neutralization by an aluminum hydroxide gel prepared by the reaction of aluminum chloride solution and strong ammonia solution was studied. The decrease in acidconsuming capacity during aging as measured by the USP test is due to a decrease in the rate of reaction rather than to a decrease in equilibrium reactivity. The reactivity profile has three phases, which are shown to be related to the structure of the gel. The rate of loss of reactivity is directly related to the extent of washing.
A gender analysis of student learning in physics

Assessment of student learning is an important vehicle for understanding the effectiveness of various pedagogical approaches. There are a number of assessment tools currently available within the domain of STEM education. Perhaps most notable are those that are a direct result of Physics Education Research (PER). One assessment tool that is widely used in PER is the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). This paper reports on a research study that involved the assessment of student learning of basic concepts in mechanics within an introductory physics course. Both qualitative and quantitative assessment strategies were employed. To qualitatively assess student learning, a variety of free-writing activities were used at a number of stages throughout the learning process. To quantitatively address the question of whether deeper student understanding was achieved, numerical results from the FCI will be presented. Data analysis will include a presentation of pre- and post-test FCI gains. Results of this study reveal that the FCI gains are significantly lower for the female students as compared to their male counterparts. Other studies in PER have noted similar results when a gender analysis of the data is considered. A discussion of the significance of these results will be presented and issues related to this apparent gender discrepancy as they relate to student learning in physics will be provided.
Materials science of Josephson junctions

The materials science of Josephson junctions is reviewed. The essential material requirements of Josephson junctions are discussed and the state of the art in the Pb-alloy and Nb technologies summarized. Recent successes in making junctions with high transition temperature superconductors are also presented.
Nanoparticles Featuring Amino Acid-functionalized Side Chains as DNA Receptors

A family of nanoparticles has been fabricated fea-turing cationic amino acid-based side chains. Thiscontrolled surface modiﬁcation provides a tool toinvestigate the effect of various non-covalentinteractions at the nanoparticle–DNA interface.The binding afﬁnities of these nanoparticlestowards DNA were determined using ﬂuorescence,exhibiting more than threefold modulation in bind-ing a 37-mer DNA strand. The secondary structureof the DNA strand was distorted upon nanoparti-cle binding, with the extent of distortion depend-ent on the structure of amino acid side chain.Key words: amino acid, DNA, nanoparticleReceived 1 June 2007, revised 1 June 2007 and accepted for publica-tion 2 June 2007
Synthesis and molecular structure of the first discrete rhenium polysulphide complex, (n-Bu4n)[ReS9]

Abstract (n-Bu4n)[Re(S4)2S] has been prepared by reacting (n-Bu4N2)[Re2Cl8] with Li2S5 in THF. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the following unit cell constants: a = 11.215(3) A, b = 14.910(7) A, c = 16.654(4) A, β = 91.47 (2)°, V = 2783(3) A3, Z = 4. The anion is the first mononuclear rhenium complex containing ReSx chelate rings that has been isolated and structurally characterized. The [ReS9]− anion consists of two chelating S4− chains and a ReS unit. The geometry around the Re atom is best described as a tetragonal pyramid with the metal atom displaced towards the centre of the pyramid. The ReS bond length is 2.075(4) A and the average ReS bond length is 2.30[2] A.
The room temperature decomposition mechanism of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on alumina-supported cerium oxide: Participation of nano-sized cerium oxide domains

The adsorption and decomposition reactions of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on cerium oxide supported on aluminum oxide have been examined at 25 °C. Experiments were carried out that involved dosing the reactive adsorbent with small doses of DMMP, followed by quantitative determination of the decomposition products. The results suggest that the formation reactions of methanol and dimethyl ether are competitive processes involving the same surface intermediate, which is most likely a surface methoxy species. Based on the observed results, it is proposed that the formation of dimethyl ether is due to the combination of two surface methoxy groups, while an important, if not the dominant, reaction producing methanol involves a surface methoxy group interacting with a vapor phase or physisorbed DMMP molecule. The presence of significant amounts of methoxy fragments formed upon DMMP adsorption is supported by results from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which also show that those groups are primarily asso...
Locating the more acidic hydroxyl group on dihydroxy compounds o,o′-dihydroxyazo-dye metal-ion indicators

Abstract In o,o′ -dihydroxyazo-dye metal-ion indicators, one hydroxyl group is 10 4 times more acidic than the other. The location of the more acidic group has been a mystery. By methylation of the acidic group, reduction of the monomethylated compound, isolation and characterization of the split methoxyamine and hydroxyamine, the location of the acidic group has been established. Indicators examined include Calmagite, Eriochrome Black T, Eriochrome Blue Black R and 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR).
How “immunomodulatory” are IMIDs?

In this issue of Blood , Hsu and colleagues report that the immunostimulatory effect of lenalidomide on natural killer (NK)–cell function is profoundly suppressed by concurrent dexamethasone (Dex) therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.[1][1] These results could have major implications for the
Fracture strength and biaxial modulus measurement of plasma silicon nitride films

Abstract The biaxial modulus, ultimate tensile strength and residual stress of silicon nitride films are investigated using the bulge test technique. These films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on gallium arsenide substrates. Biaxial moduli of films 1 μm thick with two different chemical compositions were measured. The nitrogen-rich composition has a biaxial modulus of 160 GPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 420 MPa, while the silicon-rich composition has a biaxial modulus of 110 GPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 390 MPa. A comparison with previously reported mechanical properties for silicon nitride films is discussed.
Symmetric Tight Frame Wavelets With Dilation Factor M = 4

In this paper we discuss a new set of symmetric tight frame wavelets with the associated filterbank outputs downsampled by four at each stage. The frames consist of seven generators obtained from the lowpass filter using spectral factorization, with the lowpass filter obtained via a simple method using Taylor polynomials. The filters are simple to construct, and offer smooth scaling functions and wavelets. Additionally, the filterbanks presented in this paper have limited redundancy while maintaining the smoothness of underlying limit functions. The filters are linear phase (symmetric), FIR, and the resulting wavelets possess vanishing moments.
Peer communication in first grade reading groups

(1979). Peer communication in first grade reading groups. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 18, Communicating with Young Children, pp. 267-274.
Adsorption of N-(2-hydroxy-3-meth-acryloxypropyl) -N-phenylglycine (NPG-GMA) on cupric ion-enriched hydroxyapatite surface to improve chemical bonding between dental resins and teeth

Abstract In continued studies of chemical bonding between a polymer and teeth through the mediation of coupling agents, the adsorption of N-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl)-N-phenylglycine (NPG-GMA) from ethanol solution was studied on cupric ion-treated synthetic hydroxyapatite in order to discriminate the adsorptive behaviour of the ‘mordanted’ as against the unmordanted (or pure) apatite. All features of the adsorption isotherm, however, agree with those of the isotherm obtained on pure hydroxyapatite. Also, polymer filled with cupric ion-treated hydroxyapatite coated with the irreversibly adsorbed NPG-GMA has a tensile strength comparable to that of the polymer filled with NPG-GMA coated pure hydroxyapatite.
Mechanisms for double ionization of light molecules by intense laser pulses studied through momentum imaging

Momentum imaging techniques have been used to measure the full momentum vectors of coincident pairs of singly ionized fragments emerging from the focus of 8-35 fs pulses of 800 nm light onto targets of H2, O2 and N2. Three mechanisms for double ionization are identified and discussed.
What Makes A Hero? The Impact of Integrity on Admiration and Interpersonal Judgment

Principled and expedient ideologies affect self-regulation and guide people along divergent ethical paths. A more principled ideology, indicative of higher claimed integrity, involves a greater personal commitment to ethical beliefs, standards, and self-schemas that facilitate positive social activities and help resist the temptation of illicit activities. Two studies showed that differences in reported integrity are related to people's preferences for and judgments of others. Those higher in integrity spontaneously described their heroes as more principled, honest, spiritual, and benevolently oriented toward others (Study 1). In addition, integrity was related to people's evaluations of characters who made ethical or unethical career decisions (Study 2). The judgments of those higher in integrity were greatly influenced by whether or not the decision was ethical but were largely unaffected by the consequences (career success or failure), whereas those lower in integrity were less influenced by whether the decision was ethical and more influenced by the career consequences.
Value Added: Neural Progenitor Cells Suppress Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) can repair damaged myelin in neurodegenerative diseases. In this issue of Immunity, Cao et al. (2011) report that NPCs also produce the cytokine LIF, which suppresses Th17 cell-driven inflammation and autoimmunity by upregulating the protein Socs3.
Relationships Among Neurocognitive Status, Medication Adherence Measured by Pharmacy Refill Records, and Virologic Suppression in HIV-infected Persons

Background Optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness depends on medication adherence, which is a complex behavior with many contributing factors, including neurocognitive function. Pharmacy refill records offer a promising and practical tool to assess adherence. Methods A substudy of the CHARTER (CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research) study was conducted at the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and the University of Washington. Pharmacy refill records were the primary method to measure ART adherence, indexed to a "sentinel" drug with the highest central nervous system penetration-effectiveness score. Standardized neuromedical, neuropsychological, psychiatric, and substance use assessments were performed at enrollment and at 6 months. Regression models were used to determine factors associated with adherence and relationships between adherence and changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA concentrations between visits. Results Among 80 (33 at JHU and 47 at University of Washington) participants, the mean adherence score was 86.4%, with no difference between sites. In the final multivariable model, better neurocognitive function was associated with better adherence, especially among participants who were at JHU, male, and HIV infected for a longer period of time. Worse performance in working memory tests was associated with worse adherence. Better adherence predicted greater decreases in cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA between visits. Conclusions Poorer global neurocognitive functioning and deficits in working memory were associated with lower adherence defined by a pharmacy refill record measure, suggesting that assessments of cognitive function, and working memory in particular, may identify patients at risk for poor ART adherence who would benefit from adherence support.
Restricted rotation analogs of S-adenosylmethionine: synthesis, evaluation as inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and potential use as selective antitrypanosomal agents

Abstract A series of restricted rotation analogs of S-adenosylmethionine were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. These analogs were also evaluated for inhibitory activity against cultured mammalian cells, and against the parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei. All analogs tested appeared to selectively inhibit trypanosomal growth. In particular, compound 5 (AdoMac) inhibits the growth of Trypanosoma brucei brucei with an IC50 of 5.2μM.
Y2K spending by entrepreneurial firms

Abstract While public debate leading up to year 2000 focused on the potential negative consequences of Y2K, some writers recognized that Y2K could set in motion a period of intense strategic investment in information technology (IT) of the type characterized by Schumpeter [Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, third ed., Harper and Row, New York, 1950, p. 81] as creative destruction. In performing the study presented here, we formulated hypotheses, based on Schumpeter's [The Theory of Economic Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, 1934, p. 57] theory of economic development, about the characteristics of firms that would have responded most aggressively to Y2K and tested these hypotheses using data obtained from Y2K disclosures made in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Our findings provide striking evidence that Y2K spending increased with economic factors that are characteristic of entrepreneurial firms and with the competitiveness of the firms' industries. This observation of systematic Y2K spending patterns suggests that accounting disclosures of IT spending are informative and illustrates the potential power of economic catalysts for change, particularly with respect to IT resources.
Asymmetric total synthesis of spongistatins 1 and 2.

The total synthesis of spongistatin 1 (1) and spongistatin 2 (2) has been achieved through an advanced-stage intermediate. The synthesis is highlighted by a highly convergent assembly of the four k...
The Role of Professionalism in Determining Job Satisfaction in Professional Services A Study of Marketing Researchers

The services literature extols the importance of the link between satisfied customers and satisfied employees. In this study, the authors develop and test a job satisfaction model that examines the role of rewarding professionalism. Specifically, they examine whether rewards for professional behavior foster professionalism and esprit de corps (a set of enthusiastically shared feelings, beliefs, and values about group membership and performance) in order to further understanding of job satisfaction for professional service providers. Using surveys from marketing researchers, the authors assess the importance of rewarding professional service providers for professional behavior by examining the links between reward structures, esprit de corps, and job satisfaction. Research findings indicate that as organizations reward professional behavior they help foster the development of key aspects of professionalism. The findings are that a reward structure favoring professional behavior directly leads to higher esp...
Differential regulation of p53 function by the N-terminal ΔNp53 and Δ113p53 isoforms in zebrafish embryos

The p53 protein family coordinates stress responses of cells and organisms. Alternative promoter usage and/or splicing of p53 mRNA gives rise to at least nine mammalian p53 proteins with distinct N- and C-termini which are differentially expressed in normal and malignant cells. The human N-terminal p53 variants contain either the full-length (FL), or a truncated (ΔN/Δ40) or no transactivation domain (Δ133) altogether. The functional consequences of coexpression of the different p53 isoforms are poorly defined. Here we investigated functional aspects of the zebrafish ΔNp53 ortholog in the context of FLp53 and the zebrafish Δ133p53 ortholog (Δ113p53) coexpressed in the developing embryo. We cloned the zebrafish ΔNp53 isoform and determined that ionizing radiation increased expression of steady-state ΔNp53 and Δ113p53 mRNA levels in zebrafish embryos. Ectopic ΔNp53 expression by mRNA injection caused hypoplasia and malformation of the head, eyes and somites, yet partially counteracted lethal effects caused by concomitant expression of FLp53. FLp53 expression was required for developmental aberrations caused by ΔNp53 and for ΔNp53-dependent expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A, p21, Cip1, WAF1). Knockdown of p21 expression markedly reduced the severity of developmental malformations associated with ΔNp53 overexpression. By contrast, forced Δ113p53 expression had little effect on ΔNp53-dependent embryonal phenotypes. These functional attributes were shared between zebrafish and human ΔNp53 orthologs ectopically expressed in zebrafish embryos. All 3 zebrafish isoforms could be coimmunoprecipitated with each other after transfection into Saos2 cells. Both alternative N-terminal p53 isoforms were expressed in developing zebrafish in response to cell stress and antagonized lethal effects of FLp53 to different degrees. However, in contrast to Δ113p53, forced ΔNp53 expression itself led to developmental defects which depended, in part, on p21 transactivation. In contrast to FLp53, the developmental abnormalities caused by ΔNp53 were not counteracted by concomitant expression of Δ113p53.
Workload-aware trie indices for XML

Well-designed indices can dramatically improve query performance. Including query workload information can produce indices that yield better overall throughput while balancing the space and performance trade-off at the core of index design. In the context of XML, structural indices have proven to be particularly effective in supporting XPath queries by capturing the structural correlation between data components in an XML document. In this paper, we propose a family of novel workload-aware indices by taking advantage of the disk-based Ρ[k]-Trie index framework, which indexes node pairs of an XML document to facilitate index-only evaluation plans. Our indices are designed to be optimal for answering frequent path queries in one index lookup and efficient for answering non-frequent path queries using an index-only plan. Experimental results prove that our indices outperform the APEX index in overall throughput and excel in answering non-frequent queries, queries with predicates, and queries that yield empty results.
A novel end-effector design for robotics in image-guided needle procedures.

Robotic end-effectors are being developed to facilitate image-guided minimally-invasive needlebased procedures such as tumor ablation, biopsy, thoracentesis, and blood sampling. A novel mechanical end-effector was designed to address the challenges associated with any major needlebased procedure, focusing on liver biopsy and ablation. In this end-effector embodiment, the distal end of a single articulating arm can grip needles and instruments and allow a fairly high number of degrees of freedom of movement during the complex motions associated with positioning and driving needles, as well as the periodic motions associated with breathing patterns. Tightening a cable that runs through the articulations fixes the arm in a rigid state, allowing insertion of the gripped needle. In its final form, we diagram a design that will require electro-mechanical stimulation and remote joystick control. Moreover, we discuss how cranial-caudal motion of soft tissue organs and the associated forces affect design constraints. A simulation protocol describes the use of tissue phantoms with mechanical properties in the range of hepatic tissue and the overlying abdominal wall. Finally, an in vivo protocol details the possible use of a robotic arm coupled with our end-effector in an imageguided interventional suite. Such a switchable and flexible mode for a robotic arm overcomes much of the current limitations for automated needle placements for mobile targets, subject to breathing or patient motion and the inherent risks thereof.
Interdisciplinary scholars: negotiating legitimacy at the core and from the margins

In response to the incessant calls for interdisciplinary scholarship, universities adopt initiatives and encourage faculty to collaborate across discipline lines. Yet, the literature shows that it is difficult to institutionalise such work as faculty members are heavily influenced by their discipline-bound training. When faculty do participate, they wonder how their work will be regarded. Thus, in this paper, we set out to investigate the experience of STEM faculty who conduct work in the area of K-20 education. We were particularly interested in exploring how these faculty, whom we refer to as boundary crossers, position themselves as scholars and their work as scholarship to their discipline-based peers. Our analysis shows that boundary crossers assume great personal responsibility as their university failed to make firm structural or policy-based reforms in support of this particular initiative. Personal responsibility manifests in three distinct ways: working overtime, unpacking one’s work, and framin...
Seasonal cycle of circulation in the Antarctic Peninsula and the off-shelf transport of shelf waters into southern Drake Passage and Scotia Sea

Abstract The seasonal cycle of circulation and transport in the Antarctic Peninsula shelf region is investigated using a high-resolution (∼2 km) regional model based on the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS). The model also includes a naturally occurring tracer with a strong source over the shelf (radium isotope 228 Ra, t 1/2 =5.8 years) to investigate the sediment Fe input and its transport. The model is spun-up for three years using climatological boundary and surface forcing and then run for the 2004–2006 period using realistic forcing. Model results suggest a persistent and coherent circulation system throughout the year consisting of several major components that converge water masses from various sources toward Elephant Island. These currents are largely in geostrophic balance, driven by surface winds, topographic steering, and large-scale forcing. Strong off-shelf transport of the Fe-rich shelf waters takes place over the northeastern shelf/slope of Elephant Island, driven by a combination of topographic steering, extension of shelf currents, and strong horizontal mixing between the ACC and shelf waters. These results are generally consistent with recent and historical observational studies. Both the shelf circulation and off-shelf transport show a significant seasonality, mainly due to the seasonal changes of surface winds and large-scale circulation. Modeled and observed distributions of 228 Ra suggest that a majority of Fe-rich upper layer waters exported off-shelf around Elephant Island are carried by the shelfbreak current and the Bransfield Strait Current from the shallow sills between Gerlache Strait and Livingston Island, and northern shelf of the South Shetland Islands, where strong winter mixing supplies much of the sediment derived nutrients (including Fe) input to the surface layer.
Finite-element solutions for a cracked two-layered elastic cylinder

Abstract Stress intensity factors are obtained by means of a finite element code for the problem of a two-layered plane strain cylinder with a cracked inner bore under internal pressure loading. This problem has application to solid propellant rocket motors with the necessary viscoelastic calculations being constructed from a knowledge of elastic stress intensity factors. Solutions were obtained for two cylinder geometries and a range of crack sizes, using the energy release rate with crack extension calculated by the finite-element code. This procedure showed good comparison with check problems and is quite insensitive to element mesh size. The stress intensity factor results are unusual in that a maximum was reached at an intermediate crack size. A simple approximate formula for K 1 is presented that compares well with the numerical results and reduces to certain limit cases available in the literature.
Young African American Males in Reentry: An Afrocentric Cultural Approach

Record numbers of young African American males are released from juvenile detention, residential commitment, and prison facilities each year. Many challenges must be overcome for them to integrate back into their families and communities. Incorporating an Afrocentric cultural approach with concrete, comprehensive services such as education, training, employment housing assistance, substance abuse treatment, and family support could serve as a powerful tool for successful reentry.
Study Designs to Enhance Identification of Genetic Factors in Healthy Aging

The sequencing of the human genome and the growing understanding of its function are providing powerful new research tools for identifying genetic variants that are associated with complex diseases and traits. Somewhat less emphasis has been given to genes related to healthy aging, although the approaches for studying health-related traits are analogous to those used for disease-related studies. A critical step prior to the design of such studies is to define a healthy aging phenotype, which should be standardized to permit comparisons across studies and should involve more than simple longevity. Phenotypes of particular value for genetic research are those with high heritability and close relationships to gene products or pathways, preferably with minimal or at least measurable environmental influences. Appropriate study designs to identify genotype-phenotype associations include family-based linkage studies, candidate gene association analyses, and genome-wide association studies. Advances in genotyping and sequencing technologies, and the generation of the human haplotype map database, now permit the cost-effective investigation of the very large sample sizes needed for genome-wide association studies in unrelated individuals. Challenges in interpretation and translation of such studies include assessing the potential for bias and confounding, as well as determining the clinical validity and utility of findings proposed for wider application. Many such studies are currently supported or being planned across the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and lend themselves to the kind of coordinated clinical research envisioned in programs such as the NIH Roadmap.
Visual information and multi-joint coordination patterns in one-leg stance

This study examined the influence of visual information on the multi-joint coordination patterns in maintaining one-leg stance. 12 participants stood still on their left leg for two 1 min trials with and without visual information. The multi-joint coordination patterns in the frontal plane were examined using a frequency domain principal component analysis (PCAf) on 14 joint angular motion time series. The factor loading spectra of PC1 showed two distinct multi-joint postural coordination strategies that relate to the mechanical constraints on balance identified by Hof (2007) [7]. The more prevalent strategy was the coordination of the left ankle-left knee or the left ankle only motion that is related to the "moving the center of pressure" strategy. A 2nd multi-joint coordination strategy showed larger factor loading of the trunk and upper limbs (i.e., shoulders and elbows) in addition to the left ankle implying the role of the upper limbs to generate "counter-rotational torque against the sway of the center of mass (COM)". With eyes open, the participants predominantly utilized the 1st strategy to maintain balance but switched to the 2nd strategy when visual information was not available during the stance. The role of visual information in determining the prevalence of two dominant multi-joint coordination kinematic patterns in one-leg stance reflects the redundant and emergent properties of the postural control system that channel the biomechanical constraints on balance arising from the interaction of the task, environment and the individual.
Bond alternation in infinite periodic polyacetylene: Dynamical treatment of the anharmonic potential

Abstract The potential energy of the infinite periodic chain model of polyacetylene (pPA) is symmetric with two equivalent minima separated by the Peierls’ stabilization barrier. In this work it is shown how an energy scale and vibrational energy levels for this highly anharmonic Peierls’ degree of freedom can be estimated. Particular attention is given to the potential energy increase for large deformations. Two empirical methods and direct periodic boundary condition (PBC) density functional theory (DFT) calculations are in semi-quantitative agreement with each other. Each lead to the conclusion that pPA has a zero-point level that is above the Peierls’ barrier. The argument does not depend critically on the barrier height or the other parameters of the model or the computation method. It is concluded that pPA will not exhibit bond alternation since two stable structures are not possible due primarily to the stiffness of the underlying C C sigma bond system.
Transcriptome sequencing in prostate cancer identifies inter-tumor heterogeneity.

Given the dearth of gene mutations in prostate cancer, [1] ,[2] it is likely that genomic rearrangements play a significant role in the evolution of prostate cancer. However, in the search for recurrent genomic alterations, private alterations have received less attention. Such alterations may provide insights into the evolution, behavior, and clinical outcome of an individual tumor. In a recent report in Genome Biology Wyatt et al. [3] defines unique alterations in a cohort of high-risk prostate cancer patient with a lethal phenotype. Utilizing a transcriptome sequencing approach they observe high inter-tumor heterogeneity; however, the genes altered distill into three distinct cancer-relevant pathways. Their analysis reveals the presence of several non-ETS fusions, which may contribute to the phenotype of individual tumors, and have significance for disease progression.
Miller AH, Nazeer S, Pepe P, et al Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure in a County Emergency Department: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Comparison of Nesiritide Versus Placebo Treatment

Editor's Capsule Summary What is already known on this topic Nesiritide was widely advocated as a useful therapy for heart failure patients until safety concerns were raised. What question this study addressed Whether an 8-hour infusion of nesiritide results in symptomatic improvement or decreased readmission rates for patients with heart failure compared with placebo. What this study adds to our knowledge There was no benefit to an 8-hour infusion of nesiritide in this randomized trial. How this might change clinical practice Nesiritide should not be used in the emergency department until it is proven to have value.
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase of kidney bean fruit II. Studies on the activating effect of sodium citrate

Abstract 1. 1.|The effect of sodium citrate and salts of other carboxylic acids on the activation of bean γ-glutamyl transpeptidase has been studied. 2. 2.|The possibility that association of subunits or dissociation to subunits occured in the presence of sodium citrate has been eliminated by the finding that the presence of citrate does not affect the sedimentation behavior of the enzyme. 3. 3.|The absence of any effect of urea or guanidine on the activity of the bean transpeptidase indicates that the citrate effect is not due to hydrogen bond breaking. 4. 4.|Increase of fluorescence of I-anilino-8-naphthyl sulfonate in the presence of the transpeptidase when citrate was added indicates that citrate promotes a conformational change favorable for catalytic action.