cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic debridement of acute periprosthetic septic arthritis of the knee.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a treatment protocol including arthroscopic irrigation and debridement in resolving acute periprosthetic septic arthritis of the knee. Type of Study: Retrospective review. Methods: During a 1-year period, patients presenting with acute septic arthritis of the knee after total knee arthroplasty were screened for suitability for treatment with an arthroscopic debridement protocol consisting of (1) arthroscopic debridement and synovectomy with at least 12 L of antibiotic irrigant, (2) suction drainage until minimum output, (3) repeat arthroscopy for fever persisting beyond 48 hours, and (4) intravenous antibiotics for 6 weeks. Only previously well-functioning arthroplasties presenting within 7 days of symptom onset in patients without immunocompromising factors and with radiographically stable prosthetic components were selected for this treatment protocol. Five knees in 4 patients met the inclusion criteria and were examined clinically and radiographically at minimum 36-month follow-up. Results: The mean follow-up interval was 41 months (range, 36 to 43 months). No knee had been revised or had revision planned for infection, although 1 had undergone tibial insert exchange for polyethylene wear. Follow-up radiographs showed no prosthetic loosening, and Knee Society scores averaged 88 (range, 75–95) in the 4 retained knees, 3 of which were subjectively thought to have returned to their preinfection level of functioning. All knees were infected with a single organism not considered highly virulent. No patients required oral suppressive antibiotics for their knees. Conclusions: Early aggressive arthroscopic debridement as part of a treatment protocol of acute periprosthetic knee septic arthritis with well-fixed and functioning implants can be an effective treatment option in selected cases. Level of Evidence: Level IV study (no, or historical control group).
Interaction of H2S with the Ru(001) surface

The interaction of sulfur and H2S with Ru(001) was studied between 350 and 1500 K with LEED, UPS, AES and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy. Exposure to H2S at 350 K results first in the formation of a (2 × 2) LEED pattern followed by a (√3 × √3)R30°. Further exposure results in a diffuse c(4 × 2) pattern which sharpens upon heating to 500 K. Quantitative AES indicates that these structures correspond to14,13,12 sulfur atom per surface Ru atom, respectively. UPS indicates that H2S dissociates upon adsorption at 350 K over the entire coverage range. Work function and Thermal Desorption Measurements show that below 13 (S/Ru) at 350 K only sulfur is adsorbed, indicating that hydrogen from H2S recombines and desorbs during the adsorption of sulfur. At higher sulfur coverages hydrogen remains trapped on the surface, but UPS measurements show that the H2S is dissociated. AES and Thermal Desorption Measurements yield an initial heat of desorption for sulfur of 105 kcal/mole. At coverages approaching saturation, the heat of desorption decreases rapidly to 50 kcal/mole.
Interferon-triggered transcriptional cascades in the oligodendroglial lineage: a comparison of induction of MHC class II antigen between oligodendroglial progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes

Interferon-γ induces major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) in proliferating oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPC), but to a much lesser extent in mature oligodendrocytes. Interferon-β has virtually no effects on MHC-II induction even in OPC. Interferon-γ-mediated transcriptional induction of CIITA, a critical regulator of MHC-II induction, was 6-fold lower in mature oligodendrocytes than in OPC, and entirely dependent on promoter IV, suggesting that the transcriptional activity of promoter IV is down-regulated after differentiation. The distinct difference in MHC-II induction between interferon-γ and interferon-β is attributed to transient interferon-β-mediated activation of STAT1-IRF1 signaling compared to the sustained interferon-γ-mediated activation.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of Plating Techniques Used for Reconstructing Mandibular Symphysis/Parasymphysis Fractures

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the biomechanical behavior of 5 different methods used to repair mandibular symphysis/parasymphysis fractures. Materials and Methods Sixty synthetic polyurethane mandible replicas (Synbone, Laudquart, Switzerland) were used in this investigation. Ten controls and 10 each of the experimental groups were tested by subjecting 5 constructs in each group to vertical loading at the incisal edge and 5 constructs to torsional loading at the molar region by an Instron 1331 (Instron, Canton, MA) servohydraulic mechanical testing unit. The 5 methods of reconstruction include: arch bars using 18-gauge stainless steel wire with an acrylic lingual splint, 2 2.4-mm lag screw technique, 2 2.0-mm 4-hole locking miniplates, 2 2.0-mm 6-hole nonlocking miniplates, and 2 2.4-mm 6-hole limited-contact dynamic-compression plates. Mechanical deformation data within a 0 to 900 N range were recorded. Yield load, displacement at yield load, and stiffness were determined. Means and standard deviations were derived and compared for statistical significance using a Fisher's protected least significant differences test with a confidence level of 95% (P Results For incisal edge loading, statistically significant differences were noted between the lag screw technique and the arch bar, limited-contact dynamic-compression plate and locking miniplate; and between the nonlocking miniplate and the arch bar, limited-contact dynamic-compression plate and locking miniplate for stiffness. Additionally, statistically significant differences were noted between the lag screw technique and arch bar; and between the nonlocking miniplate and the arch bar, dynamic-compression plate and locking miniplate for yield load. For molar loading, statistically significant differences were noted between the lag screw technique and all other groups for both yield load and stiffness; as well as the arch bar and locking miniplate for stiffness. No statistically significant differences were noted between any groups for displacement at yield, for either incisal edge or molar loading. Conclusions Although statistically significant differences were noted between each of the fixation systems in their abilities to resist loads under the conditions tested, when placed in the context of functional parameters, all systems met the requirements for incisal edge loading. When molar loading was considered, the lag screw technique performed more favorably than the other systems.
Musculoskeletal pain among critical-care nurses by availability and use of patient lifting equipment: an analysis of cross-sectional survey data.

Abstract Background Patient handling is a major risk factor for musculoskeletal injuries among nurses. Lifting equipment is a main component of safe patient handling programs that aim to prevent musculoskeletal injury. However, the actual levels of lift availability and usage are far from optimal. Objective To examine the effect of patient lifting equipment on musculoskeletal pain by level of lift availability and lift use among critical-care nurses. Design and participants A cross-sectional postal survey of a random sample of 361 critical-care nurses in the United States. Methods The survey collected data on low-back, neck, and shoulder pain, lift availability, lift use, physical and psychosocial job factors, and sociodemographics. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed by three types of measures: any pain, work-related pain, and major pain. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between musculoskeletal pain and lift variables, controlling for demographic and job factors. Results Less than half (46%) of respondents reported that their employer provided lifts. Of 168 nurses who had lifts in their workplace, the level of lift availability was high for 59.5%, medium for 25.0%, and low for 13.7%; the level of lift use was high for 32.1%, medium for 31.5%, and low for 31.5%. Significant associations were found between lift availability and work-related low-back and shoulder pain. Compared to nurses without lifts, nurses reporting high-level lift availability were half as likely to have work-related low-back pain (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.26–0.96) and nurses reporting medium-level lift availability were 3.6 times less likely to have work-related shoulder pain (OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.09–0.91). With respect to lift use, work-related shoulder pain was three times less common among nurses reporting medium-level use (OR=0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.93); any neck pain was three times more common among nurses reporting low-level use (OR=3.13, 95% CI 1.19–8.28). Conclusions Greater availability and use of lifts were associated with less musculoskeletal pain among critical-care nurses. These findings suggest that for lift interventions to be effective, lifts must be readily available when needed and barriers against lift use must be removed.
CATECHOLAMINE EFFECT ON THE FORCE-INTERVAL RELATIONSHIP

Catecholamines (isoproterenol, norepinephrine, methoxamine) have an effect on the force-interval relationship (FIR) (the way the force of contraction depends on the rate and pattern of stimulation) which is unique among inotropic agents. Although the effect on the FIR of a low dose of isoproterenol (10−8M) is similar to that of other agents (e.g. elevation of calcium concentration), intermediate doses (10−7, 10−6M) cause the curves that characterize the FIR (monophasic for the control and the low dose) to become biphasic; large doses (10−5M) strikingly accentuate this effect turning post-extrasystolic potentiation into post-extrasystolic depression. Propranolol (10−7M) and practolol (10−6M) blocked these effects competitively whereas phentolamine (5 × 10−6M) and isopropylmethoxamine (5 × 10−6M) did not. Thus, the effect of changing the FIR from a monophasic to a biphasic function can be deemed a β1 action, unrelated to α or β2 sites. Norepinephrine (10−7, 10−6, and 10−5M) produced the same results. Methoxamine (10−3, 10−4M), not usually considered a β agonist, also produced this same effect on the FIR. These results demonstrate the potential usefulness of the FIR as a means of identifying and classifying inotropic agents as well as providing a method of analysis for testing hypotheses concerning the mode of action of β1 agonists.
Regulation of a set of abundant mRNA sequences

Abstract The temperature-sensitive mutant of yeast, rna2 - , when incubated at the nonpermissive temperature, has a qualitatively distinct distribution of mRNA sequences as compared to wild-type. Quantitative comparison with the wild-type distribution indicates that after 1 hr at the nonpermissive temperature, the concentration of approximately 100–150 abundant sequences is significantly decreased. Control experiments indicate that this effect is not simply a function of the increase in incubation temperature nor a general effect on all mRNAs. Gorenstein and Warner (1976) have shown that the synthesis of ribosomal proteins is preferentially depressed at the nonpermissive temperature in rna2 - . It is proposed that among these 100–150 sequences are the mRNAs which code for the ribosomal proteins.
Engineering broadband and anisotropic photoluminescence emission from rare earth doped tellurite thin film photonic crystals

Broadband and anisotropic light emission from rare-earth doped tellurite thin films is demonstrated using Er3+-TeO2 photonic crystals (PhCs). By adjusting the PhC parameters, photoluminescent light can be efficiently coupled into vertical surface emission or lateral waveguide propagation modes. Because of the flexibility of light projection direction, Er3+-TeO2 is a potential broadband light source for integration with three-dimensional photonic circuits and on-chip biochemical sensors.
Irradiated costal cartilage graft in experimental laryngotracleal reconstruction

Autogenous costal cartilage graft has been employed successfully to correct subglottic stenosis. In an effort to reduce the morbidity and operative time, the use of irradiated homologous costal cartilage was investigated. Irradiated homologous grafting was performed to the subglottic region of 37 young New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2.5- and 4-month intervals, and the grafts histologically examined. Fifty percent of the grafts were epithelialized and 50% revealed at least partial resorption. The percentage of grafts which resorbed were unrelated to the length of implantation. Because of the higher rate of resorption of the irradiated cartilage over autogenous fresh cartilage, the latter is still the preferred material.
Growing pains with the use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays.

The origin of cardiac markers can be traced back to the mid-1950s with the finding that aspartate aminotransferase was useful in the detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [(1)][1]. Since then, there has been a steady stream of improvements of laboratory tests that aid in the diagnosis of
Imagery and association in incidental learning

Free recall of concrete and abstract words following imaginal, associative, or anagram incidental learning tasks was tested. Recall was significantly greater for concrete than abstract words, and recall for the imaginal task exceeded that of the associative task, which exceeded that of the anagram task. The interaction between kind of word and incidental task was not significant.
Reaction of 1,3-diols with Al(tBu)3 and Ga(tBu)3: aluminium- and gallium-based bifunctional tetradentate ligands

Reaction of M(tBu)3 (M = Al, Ga) with neol-H2 (2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol) yields [M2(tBu)4(neol-H)2], M = Al (1) and Ga (2), respectively. Use of an equimolar mixture of Al(tBu)3 and Ga(tBu)3 allows for the formation of [AlGa(tBu)4(neol-H)2] (3). Compounds 1 and 2 may be considered as bifunctional (two OH groups), tetradentate (4O) ligands as highlighted by their reactivity with Group 13 hydrides and alkyls. Reaction of compound 1 with AlH3(NMe3), AlH2Cl(NMe3) and AlMe3 yields the tri-aluminium compounds, [Al3(tBu)4(X)(neol)2] with X = H (4), X = Cl (5), Me (6), respectively. Similarly, compound 2 reacts with Ga(tBu)3 to yield the tri-gallium compound, [Ga3(tBu)5(neol)2] (7). The mixed metal complexes, [Ga2Al(tBu)4(X)(neol)2], where X = H (8), Me (9) and tBu (10), are formed by the reaction of compound 2 with AlH3(NMe3), AlMe3, and Al(tBu)3, respectively. The solid state conformation of the neol backbone and the 1H NMR chemical shift of the neol's CH2 protons, in compounds 4–10, are both dependent on the steric bulk of the substituent of the central metal. Thermolysis of compound 2 in toluene results in the formation of [Ga3(tBu)4(CH2Ph)(neol)2] (11), while the reaction of 2 with LiOH in Et2O and hexane yields [Ga3Li4(tBu)6(neol)3(OH)(THF)] (12) and [Ga2Li(tBu)4(OH)2(neol-H)] (13), respectively. The molecular structures of compounds 1, 2, 4–13 and [Ga3Cl5(OSiMe2OSiMe2O)2] (14) have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

To the Editor: Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists only prompt an overall 8.5% relative reduction in 30-day deaths or myocardial infarction in acute coronary syndromes (ACS),1 and Quinn et al1 suggested that this limited benefit may be due to factors such as antagonist-induced platelet activation. I suggest that limited benefits of GP IIb/IIIa inhibition are due basically to limited participation of platelets in ACS, although negative effects described by Quinn et al1 are no doubt operative. Cases of ACS …
On the atmosphere as an optical communication channel

A reasonable model for the atmosphere as an optical communication channel is presented and then reduced, with some approximation, to an equal-strength diversity system. By using the realistic assumption of a very large variance for the channel's random phase, the operations that the maximum-likelihood receiver must perform are determined. This resulting receiver is also a min-max receiver. Functional bounds to the error probability that results with orthogonal waveforms are determined. The variation of these bounds with the energy-to-noise ratio per diversity path and with the amount of atmospheric turbulence is discussed, and numerical results are presented for the low-rate (union-bound) performance. These results demonstrate that the error probability depends strongly on the amount of turbulence. However, if the amount of diversity can be controlled, the minimum energy-to-noise ratio per information bit for which the error probability can be made to vanish is independent of the turbulence. This minimum is just that which would exist in the absence of turbulence.
Vision-based pose computation: robust and accurate augmented reality tracking

Vision-based tracking systems have advantages for augmented reality (AR) applications. Their registration can be very accurate, and there is no delay between the motions of real and virtual scene elements. However, vision-based tracking often suffers from limited range, intermittent errors, and dropouts. These shortcomings are due to the need to see multiple calibrated features or fiducials in each frame. To address these shortcomings, features in the scene can be dynamically calibrated and pose calculations can be made robust to noise and numerical instability. In this paper, we survey classic vision-based pose computations and present two methods that offer increased robustness and accuracy in the context of real-time AR tracking.
TEST BIAS: PREDICTION OF GRADES OF NEGRO AND WHITE STUDENTS IN INTEGRATED COLLEGES

In a recent paper, Cleary and Hilton (1968) discussed one possible interpretation of test bias. According to that definition, an item of a test is considered biased for members of a particular group if the item produces an uncommon discrepancy between the performance of that group and the performance of other groups. That is, the members of the group obtain an average score which differs from the average score of other groups by more or less than expected from their performance on other items of the same test. In terms of the analysis of variance, bias was defined as an item-group interaction. On 'the basis of their data, Cleary and Hilton concluded that the items in the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test are not biased, and that, if the test is discriminatory, the discrimination is not largely attributable to particular sets of items.
Laparoscopic contralateral groin exploration: is it cost effective?

Abstract Background Transinguinal laparoscopy offers a safe and effective method for evaluating the contralateral groin during unilateral inguinal hernia repair (UIHR). The purpose of this study is to determine whether laparoscopic contralateral groin exploration (LCGE) is cost effective. Methods A retrospective review of all children who underwent UIHR and LCGE from 2006 to 2007 by a single surgeon was performed. Cost analysis comparing the time to perform the LCGE and time to repair the contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) to the cost saved by preventing future operation for a contralateral inguinal hernia repair was calculated based on Medicare reimbursement. Results Eighty-one patients underwent UIHR with planned LCGE; 78 (96.3%) had successful LCGE; 8 (10.3%) had a CPPV and underwent contralateral open repair. The total cost for the additional time to perform LCGE and repair of the 8 CPPV was $13 080. The total cost for returning for a second operation to repair the contralateral inguinal hernia was $20 440. Conclusion Laparoscopic contralateral groin exploration at the time of unilateral inguinal hernia repair was cost effective.
Selective enhancement of AMPA receptor-mediated function in hippocampal CA1 neurons from chronic benzodiazepine-treated rats

Two days following one-week administration of the benzodiazepine, flurazepam (FZP), rats exhibit anticonvulsant tolerance in vivo, while reduced GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition and enhanced EPSP amplitude are present in CA1 pyramidal neurons in vitro. AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission in FZP-treated rats was examined using electrophysiological techniques in in vitro hippocampal slices. In CA1 pyramidal neurons from FZP-treated rats, the miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitude was significantly increased (33%) without change in frequency, rise time or decay time. Moreover, mEPSC amplitude was not elevated in dentate granule neurons following 1-week FZP treatment or in CA1 pyramidal neurons following acute desalkyl-FZP treatment. Regulation of AMPAR number was assessed by quantitative autoradiography with the AMPAR antagonist, [ 3 H]Ro48-8587. Specific binding was significantly increased in stratum pyramidale of hippocampal areas CA1 and CA2 and in proximal dendritic fields of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Regulation of AMPAR subunit proteins was examined using immunological techniques. Neither abundance nor distribution of GluR1–3 subunit proteins was different in the CA1 region following FZP treatment. These findings suggest that enhanced AMPAR currents, mediated at least in part by increased AMPAR number, may contribute to BZ anticonvulsant tolerance. Furthermore, these studies suggest an interaction between GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in the CA1 region which may provide novel therapeutic strategies for restoring BZ effectiveness.  2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lookahead-based adaptive voltage scheme for energy-efficient on-chip interconnect links

This paper presents a novel adaptive voltage scheme based on a lookahead circuit that checks the transmitter buffer for data transitions. The advanced knowledge of incoming data patterns is used to adjust the link swing voltage, improving delay and energy performance. In the presented example system, a transition detection circuit is used to check the transmitter buffer for rising transitions (‘0’ in cycle t, ‘1’ in cycle t+1). When a rising transition is detected, a higher supply voltage is applied to the driver for a small portion of the clock cycle to boost the rising edge delay, improving link performance. A lower voltage is used for all other transmissions, improving the delay performance of falling edge transitions and the link energy dissipation. For a 1 GHz link frequency, the proposed approach improves energy dissipation by 45% compared to a traditional two-inverter buffer. An energy savings of up to 15% is achieved compared to a previously proposed dual-voltage scheme.
Ion creation, ion focusing, ion/molecule reactions, ion separation, and ion detection in the open air in a small plastic device

A method is presented in which ions are generated and manipulated in the ambient environment using polymeric electrodes produced with a consumer-grade 3D printer. The ability to focus, separate, react, and detect ions in the ambient environment is demonstrated and the data agree well with simulated ion behaviour.
An efficient method of simulating stiffly connected power systems with stator and network transients included

A method is presented for simulating interconnected power systems with the stator and network transients included. This method is well suited for stiffly connected power systems in which tie-lines interconnecting the system components are electrically short (i.e. the tie-line charging capacitance can be neglected). The respective state-space models of the network and of the electric machines, combined with the algebraic constraint equations imposed by their interconnection, comprise a set of differential-algebraic equations which describes the composite system dynamics. A systematic procedure has been developed in which these differential-algebraic equations are used to establish a conventional state-space model of the composite system. Simulations of an example system have shown that the computation time associated with this method is comparable to that established using reduced-order models in which the stator transients are neglected. >
Quantification of the effects of instruction type, verbal encouragement, and visual feedback on static and peak handgrip strength

The purpose of the study was to quantify the magnitude of the influence of the effects of instruction type, verbal encouragement, and visual feedback on static strength and to verify the applicability of the Caldwell Regimen to grip strength measurement. Twenty-one male students participated in the study that employed an isokinetic wrist dynamometer to measure handgripstrength. The results revealed that these three factors had significant positive effects on static gripstrength, p eak gripstrength and time to reach the maximal strength. The findings showed that when subjects were free to perform the handgrip any way they chose (free instruction (FI)), they most closely followed a fast contraction and maintained force (FCM). The strength results from the Caldwell Regimen were also similar to the FCM, but the variability during the exertion was higher with the Caldwell Regimen instructions of a slow contraction and maintain (SCM) than FCM. A modified Caldwell Regimen with a shorter maintained time rather than a long maintained time might allow a more stable ‘‘static’’ strength. In addition, the use of verbal encouragement and visual feedback should be noted, if employed in a strength test. Relevance to industry Handgripstrength is commonly used in industrial tasks. The maximum handgripstrength is often measured employing the Caldwell Regimen. This paper examines the static and peak handgrip strengths associated with the subject’s preferred handgrip method other instruction types. It also examines the effect of visual feedback and verbal encouragement that are not often associated with industrial work, but are frequently used in strength testing. r 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The impacts of limited visual feedback on mobile text entry for the Twiddler and mini-QWERTY keyboards

In a mobile environment, the amount of visual attention a person can devote to a computer is often limited. In addition to typing rapidly and accurately, it is important to be able to enter text with limited visual feedback. Previously we found that users can effectively type in such "blind" conditions with the Twiddler one-handed keyboard. In this paper we examine blind typing on mini-QWERTY keyboards and introduce a taxonomy for blind mobile text Input. We present a study in which eight expert mini-QWERTY typists participated in 5 typing sessions. Each session consists of three twenty minute typing conditions. In the first condition, the control or "normal" condition, the participant had full visual access to both the keyboard and the display. In the second condition, "single blind" we obstructed view of the keyboard. The final "double blind" condition also reduced visual feedback from the display. In contrast to our Twiddler work, we found that in the visually impaired conditions, typing rate and accuracy suffer, never reaching the non-blind rates. Across the blind mini-QWERTY conditions our participants averaged 45.8 wpm at 85.6% accuracy, while blind typing on the Twiddler averaged 47.3 wpm at 93.9% accuracy. We discuss these results in the context of our previous blind typing work and examine the trade-offs between the different keyboards for mobile and wearable computer use.
Cascaded photoenhancement from coupled nanoparticle and microcavity resonance effects.

Calculations, based on modal analysis of scattering and absorption by compound spheres indicate that the absorption cross sections of metal nanoparticles immobilized onto dielectric microspheres can be greatly enhanced by cavity resonances in the microspheres without significant degradation of the resonators. Gain factors for optical processes associated with the nanoparticles of 103 – 104 are predicted for realistic experimental conditions using homogenous microspheres. This mechanism for cascaded photoenhancement thus has the potential of dramatically increasing the sensitivities of vibrational and photoluminescent spectroscopies.
ATPase activity of Tetrahymena cilia before and after extraction of dynein.

Abstract Cilia from Tetrahymena pyriformis were extracted twice with Tris-EDTA. The first extraction increased the total ATPase activity by about one-third. No increase in activity occurred as a result of the second extraction, but 40% of the original ATPase activity remained in the pellet. The activity remaining in the pellet differed in its substrate specificity, its thermostability, and its sensitivity to monovalent cation chlorides from the solubilized dynein. Several of the properties of the ATPase activity of whole cilia differed from those computed for a mixture of 40% pellet ATPase + 60% solubilized dynein ATPase. From these differences it was deduced that dynein in situ is more thermostable than is solubilized dynein and, in contrast to solubilized dynein, is slightly inhibited by KCl, NaCl, LiCl, and NH4Cl. The increase in total activity upon solubilization of the dynein and the changes in thermostability and in sensitivity to monovalent cations indicates that dynein ATPase in situ is modified by interaction with other components of the axonemal bend generating system. The pellet remaining after extraction of dynein by two dialyses against Tris-EDTA was treated with 0.4% Triton X-100 to solubilize ciliary membranes. Less than half of the ATPase activity was solubilized by this treatment. The possibility that the activity remaining in the Tris-EDTA- and Triton X-100-extracted residue represents an additional ATPase of cilia is discussed.
The Warburg effect in tumor progression: Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as an anti-metastasis mechanism

Compared to normal cells, cancer cells strongly upregulate glucose uptake and glycolysis to give rise to increased yield of intermediate glycolytic metabolites and the end product pyruvate. Moreover, glycolysis is uncoupled from the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in cancer cells. Consequently, the majority of glycolysis-derived pyruvate is diverted to lactate fermentation and kept away from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. This metabolic phenotype is known as the Warburg effect. While it has become widely accepted that the glycolytic intermediates provide essential anabolic support for cell proliferation and tumor growth, it remains largely elusive whether and how the Warburg metabolic phenotype may play a role in tumor progression. We hereby review the cause and consequence of the restrained oxidative metabolism, in particular in the context of tumor metastasis. Cells change or lose their extracellular matrix during the metastatic process. Inadequate/inappropriate matrix attachment generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes a specific type of cell death, termed anoikis, in normal cells. Although anoikis is a barrier to metastasis, cancer cells have often acquired elevated threshold for anoikis and hence heightened metastatic potential. As ROS are inherent byproducts of oxidative metabolism, forced stimulation of glucose oxidation in cancer cells raises oxidative stress and restores cells’ sensitivity to anoikis. Therefore, by limiting the pyruvate flux into mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, the Warburg effect enables cancer cells to avoid excess ROS generation from mitochondrial respiration and thus gain increased anoikis resistance and survival advantage for metastasis. Consistent with this notion, pro-metastatic transcription factors HIF and Snail attenuate oxidative metabolism, whereas tumor suppressor p53 and metastasis suppressor KISS1 promote mitochondrial oxidation. Collectively, these findings reveal mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as a critical suppressor of metastasis and justify metabolic therapies for potential prevention/intervention of tumor metastasis.
19-Nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (paricalcitol): effects on clonal proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in human leukemic cell lines

19-Nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (paricalcitol) is an analogue of 1,25(OH)2D3 with reduced calcemic effects that is approved for the suppression of parathyroid hormone in chronic renal failure. Paricalcitol has recently been reported to have anticancer activity in prostate cancer. In order to explore paricalcitol as a potential agent against leukemia, we tested its effects on HL-60 and U937 leukemia cell lines. We studied cellular differentiation via expression of CD11b and CD14 surface antigens using flow cytometry, and via the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. Cell cycle was analyzed using propidium iodide staining. Apoptosis was assessed with the annexin V assay. Cellular proliferation was determined via colony inhibition on semisolid medium. Paricalcitol induced the maturation of HL-60 and U937 cells, as shown by increased expression of CD11b differentiation surface antigen. CD14 showed increased expression in HL-60 but not in U937 cells. After exposure to paricalcitol at 10−8 M for 72 h, the ability of HL-60 cells to reduce NBT was markedly increased. Conversely, U937 cells were unchanged. Paricalcitol inhibited colony formation of both HL-60 and U937 cell lines in semisolid medium after a 10-day incubation (estimated IC50 of 3×10−8 M in HL-60 cells and 4×10−8 M in U937 cells). Paricalcitol at 10−8 M and 10−7 M caused a significant dose- and time-dependent increase of apoptosis in HL-60 cells (P<0.05). In both HL-60 and U937 cells, exposure to 10−7 M paricalcitol for 72 h increased the number of cells in G0/G1 phase, and decreased the number of cells in S phase. Paricalcitol inhibits colony formation, induces maturation and causes cell cycle arrest in HL-60 and U937 cells. Additionally, paricalcitol induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. These findings support the further evaluation of paricalcitol as an antileukemia agent.
A Data-driven Meta-data Inference Framework for Building Automation Systems

Building automation systems are believed to hold the key to significantly reducing the average energy consumption of our residential and commercial building stock, which in the U.S. is responsible for 41% of the total annual energy use in 2014. As these systems become more widespread and inexpensive, the complexity and challenges associated with their installation, maintenance and upkeep will increase. One of the primary challenges is the generation and update of the meta-data associated with the sensors and control points distributed throughout the facility. Previous research has attempted to reduce the human input required to perform these activities, by leveraging different signal processing and statistical analysis approaches to infer the sensor types and locations from measurements and/or tags obtained through a BAS. However, because of the relatively small sample size, the feasibility of applying these type approaches on large buildings, as well as their generalizability, remain as unsolved questions. In this paper, we propose a meta-data inference framework to learn from BAS measurement data in a semi-automated way. Furthermore, we evaluate the framework on two large buildings instrumented with thousands sensors and show the feasibility of applying data driven approaches in the real world. We present the results of our study and provide recommendations for future work in this area.
Acoustics and flow field of slotted air-injection nozzles

Experiments investigating the noise and flow-field characteristics of dual-stream jets with fluidic injectors were performed. Air was delivered to the core stream of a bypass-ratio-five nozzle system via slots in the core-nozzle trailing edge. For dual-subsonic-stream jets, up to 3 dB noise reduction was achieved in the peak-jet-noise direction with an injection total pressure roughly equal to 1.5 times that of the core stream and an injection-to-core mass-flow ratio equal to 2.5%. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) studies showed fluidic injection reduced turbulent-kinetic-energy levels downstream of the pylon. Flow asymmetries introduced by the pylon were shown to impact streamwise development of vorticity generated by the injectors which limited the ability of the injectors to enhance jet mixing. For dual-transonic-stream jets, fluidic injection significantly reduced broadband-shock-associated noise but had limited impact on turbulent mixing noise. For single-supersonic-stream jets, fluidic injection red...
Development of a web application for Low Impact Development Rapid Assessment (LIDRA)

This paper describes the development of a database and a website to support the newest version of Low Impact Development Rapid Assessment (LIDRA) model, LIDRA 2.0, a planning level model for assessing the cost-effectiveness of low impact development (LID) and addressing runoff-related problems in urban watersheds. LIDRA 2.0 is a web-based application that generates stochastic precipitation data from local historical data sets using a Markov Chain and bootstrapping method. Precipitation is applied to urban watersheds with parcel and street areas. LID scenarios and associated adoption and repaving rates are then used to perform multiple 30 year simulations, during which the difference in runoff is calculated using a water balance. The application needs to store parcel and street specifications and also offer a management interface, both of which must be accessible through the internet. The results of this are: an efficient tool to support LIDRA in terms of storage, retrieval and analysis of data and an integrated web application which allows users an easier way to input data and greatly reduce the time it takes to manage simulation modules via use of the graphical result interfaces that show the results produced. The technical underpinnings of this tool are highlighted using a small example.
Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma: its evolution and relationship to other low- grade B-cell neoplasms

Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma (MBCL) is a newly recognized B-cell neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. The cytologic features of the neoplastic monocytoid B lymphocytes are virtually identical to those of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). As with HCL, progression of MBCL to a higher histologic grade is very unusual. However, whereas circulating leukemic cells are a characteristic feature of HCL, peripheral blood involvement has not been reported in MBCL. We recently studied a patient with MBCL of the spleen and axillary lymph nodes who developed peripheral blood involvement by MBCL cells. Unlike the cells of HCL, the circulating MBCL cells exhibited strong acid phosphatase activity that was tartrate sensitive. The leukemic cells had the antigenic phenotype IgM lambda, CD20+, CD11c+, CD5-, CD25(TAC)-, and PCA-1-. Immunogenetic studies of both lymph node and peripheral blood cells revealed identical immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements. When compared with a series of HCL, the immunophenotype was similar except for the absence of PCA-1 and TAC. Progression of the MBCL to a large cell lymphoma, also expressing IgM lambda, was documented in an abdominal lymph node of this patient. Therefore, although rare, peripheral blood involvement by lymphoma cells may occur during the course of MBCL and should be distinguished from HCL with cytochemical and immunophenotypic studies. In addition, comparison of the clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features of MBCL with those of other low-grade B-cell neoplasms suggests that a close lineage relationship exists between MBCL and HCL.
Structure and pH-Induced Structural Rearrangements of the Putative Multidrug Efflux Pump EmrD in Liposomes Probed by Site-Directed Spin Labeling

EmrD is the only structurally characterized drug/H+ antiporter of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). It has been crystallized in a doubly occluded conformation that is considered representative of an intermediate state in the transport cycle of MFS transporters. However, unexpected features of the crystal structure and the lack of functional information available for EmrD limit the utility of the structural data. To assess whether the crystal structure represents a stable state in a native-like environment, we used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to determine the mobility and accessibility of spin labels at 76 positions in six transmembrane (TM) helices of EmrD reconstituted in liposomes. While the EPR data were mostly consistent with the crystal structure, they also revealed significant deviations from the predicted orientation and topology of TM helices at several locations. Additionally, we were unable to reproduce EmrD-dependent multidrug resistance phenotypes in vitro and in ...
Molecular-Dynamics Study of the Amorphizatton of CuTi

Radiation-induced amorphization of the crystalline compound CuTi was investigated by molecular-dynamics simulations using new interatomic potentials derived from the embedded-atom method. Two different approaches to amorphization were tried: one in which Cu and Ti atoms were randomly exchanged, and another in which Frenkel pairs were introduced at random. The potential energy, volume expansion and pair-correlation function were calculated as functions of chemical disorder and atomic displacements. The results indicate that, although both chemical disordering and point-defect introduction increase the system energy and volume, the presence of Frenkel pairs is essential to trigger the crystalline-to-amorphous transition.
Dispersion-Managed Light Bullets and Their Interactions

Dispersion management of nonlinear bulk materials sandwiched in between a pair of chirped mirrors is proposed for the generation of (3+1)-D optical solitons. Numerical simulations are performed to study their interactions.
QUANTIFICATION OF SHORELINE RHYTHMICITY

The study of beach morphology, for example, its changes with wave and tide conditions, is facilitated by the development of simple numerical values which characterize the morphology. Multivariate (EOF) analysis of topographic contour data is a means for determining important morphologic components which vary independently. If these components correspond to familiar shoreline features the researcher considers important, then the development of each component can be quantified by its significance, or weighting, in each sample. Alternatively, the components may be complicated and not useful in quantifying beach morphology. A study of these morphologic components, however, can provide insights into the dynamics of the beach system. If multivariate analysis produces complicated components, an alternative approach, of subjectively identifying shoreline characteristics of interest, can be taken. The characteristics may be the same as those frequently used in past studies, such as beach slope or sand volume. It is likely, though, that EOF analysis of topographic data will suggest more sophisticated characteristics which should be used. Some of these, for example, mean shoreline position or amplitude of a rhythmic shoreline, may be easily quantified, whereas, others such as longshore position of rhythmic features or cusp width relative to embayment width, may be more difficult to quantify. Both of these analysis approaches were applied to beach survey data obtained over a period of ten months (including the El Nifto winter of 1982/83) on Siletz Spit, Oregon. The shoreline was rhythmic with an 800-850 m wavelength throughout the duration of the study. Rhythmic topography has been associated with significant past beach and dune erosion at this site. Hence, it is of interest to describe the beach morphology quantitatively, and relate three dimensional beach changes to wave and tide conditions.
Blood Usage for Liver Transplantation in Infants and Children

Nineteen patients, aged 2½ years or younger, underwent liver transplantation at the Indiana University Medical Center. Three required a second graft and one required a third. The transfusion requirements of these children were compared with the needs of adults receiving liver allografts at the same institution. When expressed as units of blood components transfused per kilogram of patient weight, the intraoperative use for the two groups was similar. After surgery, pediatric patients required the greatest hemotherapy support and received considerably larger doses of fresh frozen plasma than did adults. Thus, in contrast to adults, who require greater hemotherapy support during surgery, these pediatric patients required the greatest amount of blood components posttransplantation. Ten of the 19 pediatric patients were cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative before transplantation. Three of the 10 seroconverted after transplantation. Two had received organ grafts from CMV-seropositive donors, but the third received a liver graft and cellular blood components from only CMVseronegative donors. The cause of this patient’s seroconversion was unknown.
SOME EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION ON THE HORN FLY

Both sexes of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), were sterilized by irradiating pupae with a gamma ray dosage of 5000 r from a cobalt-60 source. In every test in which irradiated pupae mixed with normal pupae were allowed to emerge together in screened cages, the resulting eggs were less viable than control eggs, which indicated that treated males competed for mates with normal males with some success. Horn fly longevity in these tests was apparently unaffected by the sterilizing dosage. Methods are presented for obtaining horn fly eggs, for mass rearing these flies in the laboratory, and for sexing the newly emerged adults.
CIRCUMSTELLAR MAGNETITE FROM THE LAP 031117 CO3.0 CHONDRITE

We report the first microstructural confirmation of circumstellar magnetite, identified in a petrographic thin section of the LaPaz Icefield 031117 CO3.0 chondrite. The O-isotopic composition of the grain indicates an origin in a low-mass (∼2.2 Me), approximately solar metallicity red/asymptotic giant branch (RGB/AGB) star undergoing first dredge-up. The magnetite is a single crystal measuring 750 × 670 nm, is free of defects, and is stoichiometric Fe3O4. We hypothesize that the magnetite formed via oxidation of previously condensed Fe dust within the circumstellar envelope of its progenitor star. Using an empirically derived rate constant for this reaction, we calculate that such oxidation could have occurred over timescales ranging from approximately ∼9000–500,000 years. This timescale is within the lifetime of estimates for dust condensation within RGB/AGB stars.
The role of anonymity in peer assessment

This quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the impact of anonymity and training (an alternative strategy when anonymity was unattainable) on students’ performance and perceptions in formative peer assessment. The training in this study focused on educating students to understand and appreciate formative peer assessment. A sample of 77 students participated in a peer assessment activity in three conditions: a group with participants’ identities revealed (Identity Group), a group with anonymity provided (Anonymity Group) and a group with identities revealed but training provided (Training Group). Data analysis indicated that both the Anonymity Group and Training Group outperformed the Identity Group on projects. In terms of perceptions, however, the Training Group appreciated the value of peer assessment more and experienced less pressure in the process than the other two groups.
Discussion and Research on Personalized Medicine

Personalized Medicine(PM) is different from the traditional medicine and will significantly change our life in the future.The paper introduces medical informatics technology and infrastructure needed to enable personalized medicine.Current research challenges and opportunities of PM inthe USA are summarized,some recommendations on development of PM in China are also provided.