cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis: A Community Outbreak of Mixed Adenovirus Type 8 and Type 19 Infection

During the fall and winter of 1973, 145 cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were diagnosed in Nashville, Tennessee. Of the 74 cases studied virologically and/or serologically, 62% were caused by adenovirus type 8, and 28% were caused by adenovirus 19. Whereas adenovirus type 8 was isolated only from conjunctival scrapings, adenovirus type 19 was isolated from nose and throat swabs as well as from conjunctivae. The two viruses produced clinically indistinguishable eye disease and household secondary attack rates that were not statistically different. Regardless of etiology, the secondary attack rate in households was significantly higher among the contacts of those patients who had severe disease for greater than 28 days than among the contacts of patients who had milder disease of shorter duration.
Applications of Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents to the Study of Capsize in Beam Seas

This paper demonstrates the use of finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) for the detection of large amplitude roll motions and capsize. The study is conducted for a simple, single degree of freedom model of the Edith Terkol in regular and random beam seas. The effectiveness of the FTLE technique is qualitatively compared to a scalar ship motion metric based upon the ‘energy index (EI)’ concept used for real-time identification of quiescence.
Structural alignment of pseudoknotted RNA

In this paper, we address the problem of discovering novel non-coding RNA (ncRNA) using primary sequence, and secondary structure conservation, focusing on ncRNA families with pseudo-knotted structures. Our main technical result is an efficient algorithm for computing an optimum structural alignment of an RNA sequence against a genomic substring. This algorithm finds two applications. First, by scanning a genome, we can identify novel (homologous) pseudoknotted ncRNA, and second, we can infer the secondary structure of the target aligned sequence. We test an implementation of our algorithm (Pal), and show that it has near-perfect behavior for predicting the structure of many known pseudoknots. Additionally, it can detect the true homologs with high sensitivity and specificity in controlled tests. We also use Pal to search entire viral genome and mouse genome for novel homologs of some viral, and eukaryotic pseudoknots respectively. In each case, we have found strong support for novel homologs.
Smallest singular value of a random rectangular matrix

We prove an optimal estimate of the smallest singular value of a random sub- Gaussian matrix, valid for all dimensions. For an Nn matrix A with inde- pendent and identically distributed sub-Gaussian entries, the smallest singular value of A is at least of the order p Np n � 1 with high probability. A sharp
Voltage gated sodium channels as drug discovery targets

Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are a family of transmembrane ion channel proteins. They function by forming a gated, water-filled pore to help establish and control cell membrane potential via control of the flow of ions between the intracellular and the extracellular environments. Blockade of NaVs has been successfully accomplished in the clinic to enable control of pathological firing patterns that occur in a diverse range of conditions such as chronic pain, epilepsy, and cardiac arrhythmias. First generation sodium channel modulator drugs, despite low inherent subtype selectivity, preferentially act on over-excited cells which reduces undesirable side effects in the clinic. However, the limited therapeutic indices observed with the first generation demanded a new generation of sodium channel inhibitors. The structure, function and the state of the art in sodium channel modulator drug discovery are discussed in this chapter.
Symposium: Twenty-Five Years of George Fletcher's Rethinking Criminal Law

Tulsa Law Review is proud to have dedicated its Summer 2004 issue to a symposium honoring Professor George P. Fletcher's Rethinking Criminal Law ("Rethinking"). Since its publication over twenty-five years ago, Rethinking has become a well known time-honored classic of criminal law jurisprudence and the most cited scholarly book on criminal law. This symposium honors Rethinking by recognizing its significant contribution to legal scholarship and by assessing its future influence on the evolution of the criminal law. The contributions to this Symposium are as varied as the diverse sources and methodologies utilized in Rethinking. They address a range of criminal law issues from the perspectives of moral philosophy, political philosophy, history, international law, and comparative law. The topics addressed include the theory of crime legislation, subjective versus objective perspectives on mens rea, normative versus descriptive views of fault and culpability, the offense/defense distinction, the justification/excuse distinction, mistaken and unknowing justification, self-defense, the politics of crime legislation, the problem of moral luck, the possibility of a universal grammar or structure of criminal law, and universal jurisdiction in international criminal law. As befitting the interdisciplinary approach of Rethinking, the contributors are from the varied fields of philosophy, jurisprudence, legal history, and, of course, criminal law. And as befitting Rethinking as perhaps the first book on comparative criminal law, nearly half of the contributions are from leading scholars from abroad - England, Scotland, Argentina, Israel, Spain, and Germany.
Patent Licensing, Technology Transfer, & Innovation

Traditional justifications for patents are all based on direct or indirect contribution to the creation of new products. Patents serve the social interest if they provide not just invention, but innovation the world would not otherwise have. Non-practicing entities (NPEs) as well as product-producing companies can sometimes provide such innovation, either directly, through working the patent or transfer of technology to others who do, or indirectly, when others copy the patented innovation. The available evidence suggests, however, that patent licensing demands and lawsuits from NPEs are normally not cases that involve any of these activities.Some scholars have argued that patents can be valuable even without technology transfer because the ability to exclude others from the market may drive commercialization that would not otherwise occur. We demonstrate that even if various commercialization theories can sometimes justify patent protection, they cannot justify most NPE lawsuits or licensing demands.
Effect of age entering feedlot and implant regimen on beef cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and sensory evaluation1

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age of calves entering the feedlot and implant regimen over the lifetime of a calf on performance and carcass characteristics in a systems analysis approach. Beef calves (n = 80 and 64 for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively), with initial BW of 220 ± 5.7 and 222 ± 3.9 kg (Exp. 1 and 2, respectively), were delivered to the Southwest Research and Extension Center (Hope, AR) drylot facility upon removal from dam (October 2, 2007, and May 1, 2008, for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). After the 63-d preconditioning phase, 50% of the cattle were shipped to Texas Tech University Beef Cattle Center to be finished as calves (CLF) and the remainder were finishing as yearlings (YRLNG). Growth-promoting implants were either administered at the beginning of preconditioning, at the start of grazing, at the initiation of feeding, and at standard reimplant time during finishing (AGG) or delayed until standard reimplant time during finishing (DLY). Finishing performance was greater (P ≤ 0.02) in AGG compared with DLY and in YRLNG compared with CLF. Marbling scores were greater (P
The effects of high-air velocity on broiler performance

Two trials using a total of 1,484 Ross male broilers were conducted to study the effect of air velocities of 180 and 120 m/min versus still air (<15 m/min) on BW gain (BWG) and feed:gain from 3 to 7 wk of age. Broilers were raised in a common environment to 3 wk of age. The experimental facility was a closed sided house containing eight wind tunnel floor pens and six floor pens. There were two wind tunnels (four pens/tunnel) used to test air velocities of 180 or 120 m/min. At 3 wk of age, 53 birds were placed in pens on litter in each of two wind tunnels (four pens/tunnel) or on litter in floor pens (six pens) in an environmentally controlled facility. All floor pens contained 3.75 square meters of floor space, one tube feeder, and one trough waterer. The temperature regimen was a diurnal cycle of 25-30-25 C with 23 C dewpoint. Air velocities of 180 and 120 m/min had no significant effect on BWG or feed:gain during the first week (3 to 4 wk) in the tunnels as compared with the still air. However, significant improvements were noted in BWG and feed:gains for increased air velocities from 4 to 5 and 5 to 6 wk of age. During the last week (6 to 7), an air velocity of 180 m/min significantly improved BWG and feed:gain, as compared with the 120 m/min or the still air.
High-Pressure Viscosity of Soybean-Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends with Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel

Current and future injector designs for diesel engines approach pressures of greater than 100 MPa. However, the high-pressure physical properties, such as viscosity, of biodiesel blends with diesel...
A Boronate-Caged [18F]FLT Probe for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection Using Positron Emission Tomography

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the development and progression of cancer and other diseases, motivating the development of translatable technologies for biological ROS imaging. Here we report Peroxy-Caged-[18F]Fluorodeoxy thymidine-1 (PC-FLT-1), an oxidatively immolative positron emission tomography (PET) probe for H2O2 detection. PC-FLT-1 reacts with H2O2 to generate [18F]FLT, allowing its peroxide-dependent uptake and retention in proliferating cells. The relative uptake of PC-FLT-1 was evaluated using H2O2-treated UOK262 renal carcinoma cells and a paraquat-induced oxidative stress cell model, demonstrating ROS-dependent tracer accumulation. The data suggest that PC-FLT-1 possesses promising characteristics for translatable ROS detection and provide a general approach to PET imaging that can be expanded to the in vivo study of other biologically relevant analytes.
MACHINE CODING OF EVENT DATA USING REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOURCES

This article discusses research on the machine coding of international event data from international and regional news sources using the Kansas Event Data System (KEDS). First, we suggest that the definition of an “event” should be modified so that events are explicitly and unambiguously defined in terms of natural language. Second, we discuss KEDS: a Macintosh-based machine coding system using pattern recognition and simple linguistic parsing to code events using the WEIS event categories. Third, we compare the Reuters international news service reports with those of two specialized regional sources: the foreign policy chronologies in the Journal of Palestine Studies and the German language biweekly publication Informationen . We conclude by noting that machine coding, when combined with the numerous sources of machine-readable text that have become available in the past decade, has the potential to provide a much richer source of event data on international political interactions than that currently available. The ease of machine coding should encourage the creation of event coding schemes developed to address specific theoretical concerns; the increased density of these new data sets may allow the study of problems that could not be analyzed before.
Exploration on ratooning inheritance and its breeding technology of cultivated rice

[Objective]Ratooning inheritance regularity of cultivated rice was analyzed to provide references for innovatively breeding ratooning rice and producing ratooning rice related materials.[Method]Through introducing common wild rice cultivar ratooning into cultivated rice and hybridization between indica and japonica rice,new high-quality rice lines with good ratooning were obtained.To analyze the ratooning inheritance regularity of cultivated rice,performance of their F1 and F2 traits associated with ratooning ability were examined.[Result]The plant height,tillers,grains per panicle,and ratooning rice yield were dominant in two F1 combinations from the line 96-82,which was bred from hybridization between wild and cultivate rice;the ratooning ability of two F1 combinations reached grade 2 and 3,respectively.The plant height,tillers,grains per panicle,and ratooning rice yield in the three indica and japonica hybridized combinations were significantly higher than that of their parents,in which all of their ratooning ability reached grade 1.By introducing ratooning ability of common wild rice cultivar into cultivated rice and hybridization between indica and japonica rice,three new rice lines with fine tilling ability were produced viz.,Ratooning rice 1(Gui D1/96-82),Ratooning rice 2(Minghui 63$$$$Gui99/96-82),and Ratooning rice 3(Gui 99/Zhonghan3$$$$Minghui 63).Ratooning rice 3 was bred with upland rice variety Zhonghan 3 as the parent plant.[Conclusion]Ratooning ability of 96-82 with stronger genetic transmission and dominant traits are separated in F2 generation;thereby the ability is considered to be of quantitative inheritance.Three new rice lines with application potential were obtained.
MP12: CRYOGLOBULINEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL)– A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE OF RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN CLL

Purpose of Study We report a case of early stage CLL that caused cryoglobulinemia-related glomerulonephritis (MPGN). This prompted a literature review to identify the incidence and causes of renal disease in patients with CLL. Methods Used Using a PUBMED search data of cases reported between 1990 and 2014, we selected cases with the following criteria: (1) Clinical and hematologic diagnosis of CLL (2) Evidence of renal insufficiency in association with CLL in the absence of other causes for proteinuria. Summary of Results Review of the literature revealed that 50 cases of CLL-related nephropathy have been reported, commonly with the nephrotic syndrome (MPGN). IHC staining of the renal biopsies of these patients revealed mostly monoclonal IgG kappa. Many of these were low stage CLL patients and had not been treated. In 68% the renal complications first developed years after the CLL was diagnosed. Most importantly, 65% of all patients9 nephropathies responded completely to anti-CLL therapy. Conclusions We report a rare manifestation of a secretory type of CLL with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis; leading to rapid renal deterioration needing dialysis. Renal damage can be a sequela of early-stage CLL due to its secretory phenotype. Timely recognition of kidney impairment and routine testing of serum or urine proteins in CLL patients is warranted to detect its early transition to a secretory phenotype. We believe that therapeutic intervention in early stage CLL may be effective in the preservation of renal function by removing the secretory phenotypic clone.
Study on the estimates of Routine Immunization Coverage of Hulunbeir,2010

Objective To estimate the expansion of the national immunization program Hulunbeir reported routine immunization coverage,analysis based on vaccination rate factors.Methods of immunization programs through China monitoring information management system.In 2010 the city collected Immunization Rate report data,using the method recommended by the World Health Organization estimated vaccination rates.Results of the 2010 total of four vaccines Hulunbeir reported vaccination rates above,the annual rate of basic credibility of the report of vaccination,but the city has a unit of data is not credible report.The results of the 2010 regular city Immunization rates between 98.64%～99.75%,estimated vaccination rates between 91.86%~96.13%. Conclusions The overall routine immunization coverage rate reported,the estimated vaccination rates rising,the report estimated vaccination coverage rates and comparative data are still lagging far behind some of the vaccine.
The variance of the number of 2-protected nodes in a trie

We derive an asymptotic expression for the variance of the number of 2-protected nodes (neither leaves nor parents of leaves) in a binary trie. In an unbiased trie on n leaves we find, for example, that the variance is approximately: 934n plus small fluctuations (also of order n); but our result covers the general (biased) case as well. Our proof relies on the asymptotic similarities between a trie and its Poissonized counterpart, whose behavior we glean via the Mellin transform and singularity analysis.
Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas: Degree of cystic component predicts prognosis.

Background Although most pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are solid, approximately 10% are cystic. Some studies have suggested that cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are associated with a more favorable prognosis. Methods A retrospective review of all patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who underwent operative resection between 1999 and 2014 at a single academic medical center was performed. Based on cross-sectional imaging performed before operation, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were classified according to the size of the cystic component relative to the total tumor size: purely cystic (100%), mostly cystic (≥50%), mostly solid ( Results In the study, 214 patients met inclusion criteria: 8 with purely cystic tumors, 7 with mostly cystic tumors, 15 with mostly solid tumors, and 184 with purely solid tumors. The groups differed in terms of tumor size (1.5 ± 0.5, 3.0 ± 1.7, 3.7 ± 2.6, and 4.0 ± 3.5 cm), lymph node positivity (0%, 0%, 26.7%, and 34.2%), intermediate or high grade (0%, 16.7%, 20.0%, and 31.0%), synchronous liver metastases (0%, 14.3%, 20.0%, and 26.6%) and need for pancreaticoduodenectomy (0%, 0%, 6.7%, and 25.0%), respectively. No cases of purely cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were associated with synchronous liver or lymph node metastasis, intermediate/high grade, recurrence, or death due to disease. Among patients presenting without metastatic disease, 10-year recurrence-free survival was 100% in patients with purely and mostly cystic tumors versus 53.0% in patients with purely and mostly solid tumors; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors demonstrate a spectrum of biologic behavior with an increasing cystic component being associated with more favorable clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Purely cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may represent 1 subset that can be safely observed without immediate resection.
The Portacaval Shunt: Is It Still Indicated?

This article defends the hypothesis that the portacaval shunt remains an acceptable treatment for the patient with variceal hemorrhage. Other modalities are critically surveyed, especially as to their applicability to patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Finally, a review of a large, one-institution series of patients with side-to-side portacaval shunts that demonstrated good results is presented.
Machines and the Transformation of Work

After 1848, Marx’s work begins to be influenced by political economy’s treatment of machines and by the related energeticist concepts of the nascent science of thermodynamics. These influences shape and trans- form some of Marx’s basic premises about the interaction between human beings and the natural world. This transformation changes the meaning of two basic concepts of Marx’s later political philosophy: the concept of labor, or work, and the concept of revolution. In this later political philosophy, Marx’s key concepts are themselves undergoing a revision of sense.
Measurement results for file transfer using RaptorQ in a mobile environment

We report the results of a limited number of measurements that were performed to compare the upload performance of a RaptorQ-based file transfer protocol to SFTP in a mobile environment. In particular, we measured times required to transfer files from a laptop in a vehicle and tethered to the Internet via an iPhone hotspot to a stationary host located on the Internet and having a manually assigned IP address. Even though our RaptorQ-based protocol is in its very early stages of development, we found that the file transfer times of the two protocols are comparable in the stationary environment even without doing any specific optimization work on the RaptorQ-based protocol. We also found that SFTP was very prone to stalling whenever we passed through a region where propagation is poor whereas, in the same propagation environment, the RaptorQ-based protocol tended to make use the available bandwidth and complete the file transfer but with a reduced file transfer time.
Acute oesophageal necrosis in a young man with cocaine and alcohol abuse

We report a case of acute oesophageal necrosis (AEN) and non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia in an otherwise healthy 30-year-old man with cocaine and alcohol abuse. Although cocaine might be expected more frequently to cause oesophageal necrosis through sympathomimetic vasoconstriction, this is only the second known case report of AEN in a patient with cocaine abuse. His symptoms at presentation included epigastric abdominal pain, haematemesis and generalised weakness. He developed moderate neutropenia and severe lactic acidosis. Treatment consisted of intravenous proton-pump inhibitors, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, broad-spectrum antibiotics and ultimately exploratory laparotomy after his condition worsened. He died within 24 hours of presentation from a combination of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. AEN was discovered postmortem. We conclude that AEN should be suspected in any patient with haematemesis and substance abuse, and discovery of AEN should prompt a thorough evaluation for potentially lethal comorbid conditions.
Plane wave holonomies in quantum gravity. I. A model

This is the first of two papers which study the behavior of the SU(2) holonomies of canonical quantum gravity, when they are acted upon by a unidirectional, plane gravity wave. The present paper constructs a model based on holonomies and fluxes having support on a lattice (LHF denotes lattice-holonomy flux, rather than loop quantum gravity, since there are no loops). Initially, the flux-holonomy variables are treated as classical, commuting functions rather than quantized operators, in a limit where variation from vertex to vertex is small and fields are weak. We impose symmetries and fix gauges at the classical level. Despite the weakness of the fields, the field equations are not linear. Also, the theory can be quantized, and the expectation values of the quantum operators behave like their classical analogs. Exact LHF theories may be either local or nonlocal. The present paper argues that a wide class of nonlocal theories share nonlocal features which survive to the semiclassical limit, and these nonlocal features are included in the near-classical limit studied here. An appendix computes the surface term required when the propagation direction is the real line rather than ${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$. Paper II introduces coherent states, constructs a damped sine wave solution to the model, and solves for the behavior of the holonomies in the presence of the wave.
Management of Acute Pediatric Hand Burns

Worldwide, approximately 500,000 children are admitted to the hospital with burn injuries every year. Referral to an accredited burn center is required for burns that involve the hand regardless of age. As with most burn injuries, a multidisciplinary approach is important; however, in the younger pediatric patient, extra resources such as child life services, pediatric psychotherapy, and music therapy all play major roles alongside the nurse, physical therapists, and psychiatrists so that together with the appropriate support for the family involved, a successful outcome can be achieved.
Analysis and implementation of proficient Rijndael algorithm with optimized computation

Security is the major aspect in any type of communication systems. The generation of secret keys randomly provides good security as well as better complexity in cryptographic based algorithms. In literature there exist symmetric key algorithms which use the same key for encryption as well as decryption. Among all the algorithms, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is used in many fields of security in communications. In this paper, we have implemented 128 bit AES algorithm in hardware descriptive languages. Our proposed implementation has demonstrated efficient results in delay and area. Furthermore, we provide a comparison with the corresponding coding implementations.
The Evolving Face of Myocardial Reperfusion in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Primer for the Internist.

Abstract Acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) account for a large proportion of disease burden in the United States and worldwide, and our understanding of ACS management continues to evolve. In this review we take a practical approach to evaluating and treating a patient with ACS, focusing on the optimal timing and methods of coronary reperfusion. Beginning with initial assessment and risk stratification, a provider managing the patient with ACS must be able to expeditiously decide on and implement the correct guideline-directed pathway to optimize outcomes. With an ever-growing body and weight of knowledge in this field, the clinician is tasked with several challenges. First, there are a variety of pathways of care to be considered; second, adjunctive medical therapies are expanding; and third, when coupled with the multiple combinations of adjunctive supportive therapies for revascularization, the variety of potential therapeutic options can be overwhelming and confusing. Herein, we carefully review all the relevant guidelines and the contributing literature, taking a 4-step approach: (1) review the importance of risk stratification before engaging in a particular strategy of care, (2) define the reperfusion strategies available, (3) review the specific agents (antiplatelet and anticoagulant) that support reperfusion strategies, and (4) apply the strategies of care in the context of the clinical presentation.
The Rise of Behavioral Economics in Regulatory Policy: Rational Choice or Cognitive Limitation?

Laboratory results and empirical examples challenging rational choice theory have increased attention toward behavioral economics. That attention has moved from academia to regulation, notably in e...
Pediatric ocular trauma caused by recreational drones: two case reports

Drones are increasingly being used by children and adults recreationally and commercially. The propeller blades when spinning at high speeds may cause serious harm to the eye and orbital structures. We report 2 cases of injuries to the eye and orbital structures caused by drones.
Dimensions of family disruption: Coincidence, interactions, and impacts on children’s educational attainment

Household composition, economic resources, and residence are not necessarily stable across childhood. Changes in parental relationship status, parental employment, and residence have been shown to affect children’s educational attainment. Less studied is the fact that these events can occur in combination: families could experience more than one of these disruptive events within the same time period (e.g. year); from a life course perspective, families could experience multiple events throughout their lives. Using linear regression models to analyse data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a longitudinal study of U.S. individuals, I confirmed that the children of parents who experienced employment loss or gain, or partner loss or gain demonstrated lowered odds of high school completion, college attendance, and college completion. Residential moves increased the odds of high school completion but decreased chances of college completion. I then found that experiencing two disruptive events within a given two-year period led to an increased negative effect compared to experiencing only one event. These findings robustly applied to different comparison group specifications. Finally, I showed that, generally, increasing the number of disruptive events decreased the probability of attaining the educational outcomes considered.
What and Where Are Old Growth Urban Forests

Old growth urban forests have developed in cities around the earth with human actions that have changed arboreal composition and forest dynamics. For the term old growth urban forest, the concept “urban forest” refers to forests in a ­metropolitan area and “old growth” indicates forest development after a regional forest resetting event such as a war. Urban forestry and ecology literature in English revealed studies of street, landscaped, and remnant old growth urban forests in 28 countries and 62 metropolitan areas. Long-term changes in old growth urban forest structure are primarily determined by human activities causing species losses and arboreal population decimation. Most changes were intended, especially in regard to shifting fashions in species selection for arboricultural plantings; however, new species introductions are frequently not successful over the long term. The unintended or at least unforeseen effects of diseases and invasive species introductions often have caused the most devastating transmutations of old growth urban forests. Reversing impending losses in old growth urban forests that are unable to reproduce because of human modifications of the forest environment requires historical ecology­ research to determine the species composition and environmental conditions for the historical continuity of the forests.
Adaptation and Maladaptation in the Peer System

Decades of scientific inquiry have yielded a wealth of information about normative patterns of growth in peer relationships as well as the antecedents and consequences of peer difficulties (for reviews see Asher & Coie 1990; Bukowski, Newcomb & Hartup 1996). This research has been fueled in part by evidence of a link between social disturbance in childhood and later maladjustment in adolescence and adulthood. Reviews of this research on long-term risk (e.g., Coie, Dodge & Kupersmidt 1990; Parker & Asher 1987;Parker, Rubin, Price & DeRosier 1995) converge in their conclusion that problematic peer relations forecast maladaptive developmental outcomes. These long-term difficulties are foreshadowed by problems during early and middle childhood including negative school attitudes (Ladd 1990) low self-esteem (Patterson, Kupersmidt & Griesler 1990) social anxiety (Hymel & Franke 1985) depression (Boivin, Poulin & Vitaro 1994) and loneliness (Asher, Hymel & Renshaw 1984; Cassidy & Asher 1992; Crick & Ladd 1993; Parkhurst & Asher 1992).
Treatment of the Depressed Elderly Patient

Treatment of the depressed elderly patient requires careful appraisal of the nature and severity of the patient’s affective disturbance. A program is then selected that will offer the optimum balance between the disruptive effect of the symptoms and the antidepressant treatments, most of which have a high potential for toxicity in older people. Milder depressions may be successfully treated with psychotherapy or the psychostimulants. More severe depressive states usually require treatment with cyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or electroconvulsive therapy. Antidepressant treatment is often undertaken in patients with cardiovascular disease or preexisting cognitive dysfunction, which emphasizes the need for special care in treating this population.
Measurement of mitochondrial oxygen consumption using a Clark electrode

Mitochondria require oxygen to produce ATP in sufficient quantities to drive energy-requiring reactions in eukaryotic organisms. The measurement of oxygen consumption rates from isolated mitochondria in vitro is a useful and valuable technique in the research and evaluation of mitochondrial dysfunction and disease since ADP-dependent oxygen consumption directly reflects coupled respiration or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). This chapter describes the traditional method of mitochondrial polarography using a Clark electrode for measuring coupled respiration in freshly isolated mitochondria from both mammalian tissues and Drosophila melanogaster.
Nominative Fair Use and Internet Aggregators: Copyright and Trademark Challenges Posed by Bots, Web Crawlers and Screen-Scraping Technologies

Technology has undoubtedly changed the face of commerce, allowing for new business models and unique interactions between vendor and consumers. Hyper-growth of the Internet has confronted the law with new challenges and, in many cases, forced a reexamination of traditional legal principles. One of the areas most challenged by the growth of technology and the Internet is intellectual property—more specifically copyright and trademark infringement. While these areas have received great scrutiny as they apply to file-sharing and music “pirating,” a less publicized issue concerns the actions of “internet aggregators” or meta-search services. Kayak.com, a popular travel aggregator, for example, is a megasearch engine that “scans[s] the Web for bargains on airfares, hotels, car rentals and other travel services.” Secure Commerce Services, another popular Internet aggregator, amasses financial account information, providing consumers with a top-down view of their personal financial information captured from multiple financial institutions’ websites. What was once a small niche Internet service
Inert substrate-supported microtubular solid oxide fuel cells based on highly porous ceramic by low-temperature co-sintering

Abstract Inert substrate-supported microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (MT-SOFCs) are attractive due to their advantages, including high reduction–oxidation (redox) cycling stability and thermal cycling tolerance. A method involving sequential dip-coating, leaching, and co-sintering was developed and applied to fabricate inert substrate-supported MT-SOFCs through acid leaching nickel from the conventional Ni–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode. A thin current collector was deposited onto the support surface to minimize the current collection losses by collecting current from the entire surface area of the anode. A dense electrolyte could be obtained at a co-sintering temperature of 1250 °C. The produced MT-SOFC with the configuration of porous zirconia support/Ni–Scandia-stabilized zirconia (SSZ) anode current collector/Ni-SSZ anode/SSZ electrolyte/strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM)-SSZ cathode/LSM cathode current collector was evaluated by electrochemical characterization tests. The inert substrate-supported MT-SOFC exhibited the maximum power densities of 616, 542, 440, and 300 mW cm−2 at 800, 750, 700, and 650 °C, respectively using dry hydrogen and air. In addition, the thermal cycling stability of the MT-SOFC was evaluated. The cell survived from thermal cycling tests and came out intact after 50 thermal cycles between 700 °C and 400 °C during an operation time of 50 h.
David Oliver: Let’s end our fixation with structural reorganisation

From 2009 to 2013 I was on secondment to the Department of Health, as a clinical adviser and then a national clinical director, alongside my NHS day job. I had a ringside seat for the formation of the 2010 coalition government and the 2012 Health and Social Care Act,1 while also seeing its impact on the ground. After Andrew Lansley promised “no more top-down reorganisation,”2 the changes his act introduced were described by David Nicholson, then chief executive of the NHS, as “so big, you could probably see them from space.”3 The NHS in England is undergoing yet another mass restructuring—“redisorganisation,” as analysts called it some …
Influence of Surface Roughness on Microring-Based Phase Shifters

The dramatic phase shift and high transmission enable the over-coupled microring resonators for efficient pure phase modulator. Its compact size is especially valuable for large-scale coherent all-optical logic circuit and phase arrays on chip. In this letter, we examine the impact of fabrication imperfection-induced mode splitting for the microring-based phase shifters. We initially measure the phase shift in mode-splitting ring resonators, with the results fitted by coupled mode theory (CMT). Based on the extracted parameter space from the experimental data, we then studied the influence of surface roughness-induced photon scattering for the maximum phase shift and insertion loss of the microring resonators. Surface roughness pushes the ring-waveguide coupling condition from over-coupling toward under-coupling region. The maximum phase shift reduces from $2\pi $ to only 1 rad accordingly.
Practice Transformation Under the University of Colorado's Primary Care Redesign Model.

PURPOSE We compared the transformation experience of 2 family medicine practices that implemented the Primary Care Redesign (PCR) team-based model to improve access, quality, and experience without increasing cost. The University of Colorado’s A.F. Williams Family Medicine clinic (pilot practice) implemented the model in February 2015, and a smaller, community-based practice (wave 2 practice) did so 2 years later, in February 2017. METHODS The PCR model increased the ratio of medical assistants to clinicians from about 1:2 to 2.5:1 while expanding the role of the medical assistants, through enhanced rooming procedures, in-room support (eg, scribing), postclinician wrap-up, and in-basket assistance. We assessed access, clinical quality metrics, staffing costs, and clinician and staff experience and burnout for at least 7 months before and 42 months after the intervention. RESULTS In the pilot practice, compared with preimplementation, there were improvements in total appointments and rates of hypertension control, colorectal cancer screening, and most diabetic quality metrics. In the wave 2 practice, total appointments increased slightly when clinicians were added pre-PCR and then increased substantially after implementation; initially variable hypertension control improved rapidly after implementation. The wave 2 practice’s colorectal cancer screening improved gradually, then accelerated postimplementation, while diabetic metrics initially remained stable or declined, then improved postimplementation. New patient appointments began to increase for both practices in late 2015, but grew faster in the pilot practice under PCR. Over time, all experiential domains improved for clinicians; most remained stable for staff. Clinician burnout was reduced by at least one-half in both practices except during low staffing periods, which also adversely affected staff. After a ramp-up period, the number of staff hours per visit remained stable. CONCLUSIONS The PCR model is associated with simultaneous improvements in quality, access, and clinician experience, as well as reductions in burnout, while maintaining staffing costs.
Breaking waves in deep water: measurements and modeling of energy dissipation

In the presence of strong winds, ocean surface waves dissipate significant amounts of energy by breaking. Here, breaking rates and wave-following turbulent dissipation rate measurements are compared with numerical WAVEWATCH III estimates of bulk energy dissipation rate. At high winds, the measurements suggest that turbulent dissipation becomes saturated; however, the modeled bulk dissipation continues to increase as a cubic function of wind speed. Similarly, the mean square slope (i.e., the steepness) of the measured waves becomes saturated, while the modeled mean squared slope grows linearly with wind speed. Only a weak relation is observed between breaker fraction and wind speed, possibly because these metrics do not capture the scale (e.g., crest length) of the breakers. Finally, the model skill for basic parameters such as significant wave height is shown to be sensitive to the dissipation rate, indicating that the model skill may be compromised under energetic conditions.
Soliton Microcomb-Based Millimeter-Wave Synthesizer

We propose a millimeter-wave synthesizer design based on soliton microcombs. Stable and tunable 100–300 GHz millimeter-wave signals are expected to be generated with a high-speed photodiode.
PROCEDURE VOLUME AND ITS IMPACT ON HOSPITAL OUTCOME OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CATHETER ABLATION: AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL SAMPLE DATABASE

Catheter ablation has been widely used for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on the outcome based on the procedure volume has been sparse. We identified patients who underwent AF ablation from the National Inpatient Sample database by 2016 ICD-10 disease and procedure codes. The
Mutated MYD88 Activates the BCR Component SYK and Provides a Rationale Therapeutic Target in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Abstract Background: Mutations in the Toll receptor (TLR) pathway are highly prevalent in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) and ABC DLBCL, wherein mutated MYD88 triggers NF-kB pro-survival signaling through BTK/IRAK. Activation of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling can also be triggered by activating mutations in CD79A/B in ABC DLBCL, though are rare in WM (5-8%). Despite these findings, there is evidence for BCR activation in WM (Argyropoulos et al, Leukemia 2016). We hypothesized that crosstalk between TLR and BCR might account for aberrant BCR signaling in WM. We therefore performed PhosFLow studies on MYD88 and BCR signaling components and observed the hyperactivation of SYK (pY525-pY526) in MYD88 mutated WM (BCWM.1, MWCL-1) cells compared to wild-type MYD88 expressing control cells. We next treated MYD88 mutated WM cells with a peptide inhibitor of MYD88 homodimerization, and observed that the phosphorylation of SYK at tyrosine 525 and 526 (pY525-pY526) together with phosphorylation of BTK at tyrosine 223 (pY223) was markedly reduced. In contrast, the MYD88 inhibitor had no impact on either SYK or BTK activation in MYD88 wild-type Ramos cells. Knockdown of MYD88 by lentiviral transduction in MYD88 mutated BCWM.1 cells confirmed the reduction of SYK (pY525-pY526) by two shRNAs. Cell viability analysis by CellTiter-Glo® assay showed that the SYK inhibitor R406 was cytotoxic to MYD88 mutated WM cells at pharmacologically attainable drug levels (EC50 0.247 uM for BCWM.1; 0.315 uM for MWCL-1), versus >1 uM for MYD88 wild-type control cells. Furthermore, the combination of R406 with ibrutinib produced synergistic cytotoxicity in MYD88 mutated WM cells. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that in addition to TLR path activation, mutated MYD88 activates the BCR component SYK tyrosine kinase. These findings provide the rationale for combined therapeutic targeting of BCR and TLR pathways in MYD88 mutated WM. Disclosures Castillo: Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding. Treon: Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Birth defects and unconventional natural gas developments in Texas, 1999-2011.

Abstract Unconventional natural gas developments (UNGD) may release air and water pollutants into the environment, potentially increasing the risk of birth defects. We conducted a case-control study evaluating 52,955 cases with birth defects and 642,399 controls born between 1999 and 2011 to investigate the relationship between UNGD exposure and the risk of gastroschisis, congenital heart defects (CHD), neural tube defects (NTDs), and orofacial clefts in Texas. We calculated UNGD densities (number of UNGDs per area) within 1, 3, and 7.5 km of maternal address at birth and categorized exposure by density tertiles. For CHD subtypes with large case numbers, we also performed time-stratified analyses to examine temporal trends. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association with UNGD exposure, accounting for maternal characteristics and neighborhood factors. We also included a bivariable smooth of geocoded maternal location in an additive model to account for unmeasured spatially varying risk factors. Positive associations were observed between the highest tertile of UNGD density within 1 km of maternal address and risk of anencephaly (aOR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.86), spina bifida (aOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.99), gastroschisis among older mothers (aOR: 3.19, 95% CI: 1.77, 5.73), aortic valve stenosis (aOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.71), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (aOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.86), and pulmonary valve atresia or stenosis (aOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.66). For CHD subtypes, results did not differ substantially by distance from maternal address or when residual confounding was considered, except for atrial septal defects. We did not observe associations with orofacial clefts. Our results suggest that UNGDs were associated with some CHDs and possibly NTDs. In addition, we identified temporal trends and observed presence of spatial residual confounding for some CHDs.
Adolescent Engagement: Challenges of Safety and Mental Health

There are inequities in safety experienced by youth across different communities. In order to improve these inequities for adolescents, there is a need to increase adolescent civic engagement within their communities. However, levels of neighborhood or school safety may influence their civic engagement, as well as their mental health. The objective of the current study is to examine the association between perceptions of neighborhood, park, and school safety, civic engagement, and mental health within racially diverse adolescents. This cross-sectional study used 2009 data from the California Health Interview …
Phospholipids stabilize binding of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor (VIP1R) is a class B G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, T-lymphocytes, and peripheral tissues of organs like lungs and liver. Critical functions of these receptors render them potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of a broad spectrum of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we use atomistic studies to show that phospholipids can act as potent regulators of peptide binding on to the receptor. We simulated the binding of neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP27) into the transmembrane bundle of the receptor. The simulations reveal two lipid binding sites on the peptidic ligand for the negatively charged phosphodiester of phospholipids in the extracellular leaflet which lower the peptide-receptor binding free energy by ~8kBT. We further simulated the effect of anionic lipids phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). These lipids show much stronger interaction, lowering the peptide-receptor binding energy by an additional ~7kBT compared to POPC lipids. These findings suggest that lipids can play an active role in catalyzing peptide-receptor binding and activating vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptors.
Colourimetry for the sensitive detection of vapour-phase chemicals: State of the art and future trends

Abstract Chemical detection of vapour-phase analytes is increasingly moving toward deployment of low size, weight and power (SWaP) instruments. Each measurement technique has its strengths and shortcomings. Advanced colourimetry can provide and fill a needed role in this mission space. In this review, an overview of the methods for colourimetric detection of analyte vapours is provided in the context of both qualitative and quantitative determination. A parametric analysis of the colourimetric sensor design is presented to help inform the design of highly sensitive colourimetric sensors for analyte quantification. Included is a discussion on factors leading to deviations from ideal sensor performance. This review also identifies extensions in the use space for colourimetry as well as key challenges in further sensor development.