cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of outcomes and anti-Xa levels in the treatment of pediatric venous thromboembolism.

Background There are few data in the pediatric population evaluating the relationship between measured anti-Xa levels during enoxaparin therapy and thrombotic outcomes. Objective To determine whether there is a difference in outcomes in children who receive enoxaparin with mean anti-Xa levels between 0.45 and 0.79 unit/ml (low therapeutic range) versus between 0.80 and 1.05 unit/ml (high therapeutic range) throughout their course of their treatment. Methods We retrospectively identified subjects with uncomplicated venous thromboembolism treated with enoxaparin. Results Of 69 patients with any response to therapy, 48 (70%) had mean anti-Xa levels in the low therapeutic range and 21 (30%) had mean anti-Xa levels in the high therapeutic range. Of 20 patients with no documented response to therapy, 13 (65%) had mean anti-Xa levels in the low therapeutic range and 7 (35%) had mean anti-Xa levels in the high therapeutic range. Forty-eight (79%) of the 61 patients with low-range mean anti-Xa level had any response to therapy. Twenty-one (75%) of the 28 patients with high-range mean anti-Xa level had any response to therapy. Chi-square test (P = 0.080) and logistic regression (OR = 1.23, P = 0.70) demonstrated no significant association between mean anti-Xa range (lower vs. upper) and therapy response. Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference between low-range versus high-range mean anti-Xa levels and thrombus resolution. Empiric clinical practices of targeting anti-Xa levels in the higher therapeutic range to achieve better outcomes may not be warranted.
The new Russian nationalism: imperialism, ethnicity and authoritarianism 2000–2015

The New Russian Nationalism: Imperialism, Ethnicity and Authoritarianism 2000–15 is a timely volume that presents readers with a rich and up-to-date analysis of the content of, contestation over, a...
Maybe it is Rocket Science: How The Martian Reflects Gulick's “Notes on the Theory of Organization”

Art reflects reality, in science fiction as well as in everyday praxis. And it provides an entertaining approach to comprehending enduring characteristics of administration. Eighty years ago, Luther Gulick coined the acronym POSDCORB (planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting) to capture the essential elements of public administration. To demonstrate the enduring nature of Gulick’s summation, this article draws parallels between the acronym and the popular novel and screenplay The Martian, a story of space exploration and rescue. The comparison situates the importance of POSDCORB even when describing the frontier of space travel. Applying as well to a trip to Mars as to managing public lands or ensuring food safety, we argue that the routines of public administration are also the routines of rocket science. The comparison provides a contemporary way to teach a classic paradigm.
History of HT Use: Controversies and Confusions

From its inception, estrogen treatments for menopausal women were conflated with general facets of aging that women experience, with the effect that from the beginning, scientists were interested in estrogen and HT for these broad concerns, and early research as well as continuing use and promotion often had a “fountain of youth” quality. Menopause was seen as not just a decline in estrogen, but a general and absolute decline in a woman’s attractiveness and quality of life. Her ovaries were described as shriveling with menopause, and that metaphor was also used to describe her postmenopausal quality of life and self-identity.
Enhanced Dissolution of a Porous Carrier–Containing Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersion System Prepared by a Hot Melt Method

Abstract The focus of our study was to employ a solvent-free, thermal process to evaluate the use of a porous carrier in a drug-polymer-porous carrier ternary formulation containing a high drug load (e.g., ≥50% w/w). The purpose of the study was to improve the dissolution properties of the biopharmaceutical classification system class II drug, indomethacin, in the ternary formulation. The effect that the selected polymer has on properties of the formulation was studied, and the formulation characteristics of hypromellose (AF15), copovidone (VA64), and polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer was evaluated to understand differences in dissolution rates and drug adsorption onto the porous carrier. The ternary formulations were manufactured using a thermal technique that relied on heating and mixing, without the necessity of mechanical shear. All thermally processed granules that employed the porous carrier exhibited immediate release compared with crystalline indomethacin and physical mixtures. In addition, the ternary formulations maintained supersaturation compared with the binary formulations without polymer. The results of this study indicated that the thermally processed ternary formulations containing a porous carrier demonstrated a much improved dissolution profile in nonsink conditions.
Rapid Arbitrary PCR Insertion Libraries, a New Tool for Defining Bacterial Promoter Regions

ABSTRACT In this issue, Hustmyer and colleagues (C. M. Hustmyer, C. A. Simpson, S. G. Olney, M. L. Bochman, and J. C. van Kessel, J Bacteriol 200:e00724-17, 2018) describe a new method for rapidly generating reporter libraries. This technique, rapid arbitrary PCR insertion libraries (RAIL), uses arbitrary PCR and isothermal DNA assembly to insert random fragments of promoter regions into reporter plasmids, resulting in libraries that can be screened to identify regions required for gene expression. This technique will likely be useful for a number of different genetic applications.
Financial and Legal Methods to Protect Individuals from Financial Exploitation

Elderly individuals are common targets for financial exploitation. Common risk factors for victims include dependence in activities of daily living, social isolation, a lack of knowledge about the presence or value of their assets, and the need for help to manage many of their affairs. Perpetrators often have common characteristics as well. Many of these individuals are family members, or caregivers with important roles in maintenance of daily routines. Opportunity, sense of entitlement, and greed provide the impetus for exploitation to occur. Exploitation often manifests in various forms of fraud, which the elderly often fall prey to. Identifying these risk factors for exploitation is important in preventing victimization. There are various methods of protecting the elderly from fraud. The elderly do not have to act alone. Often, caregivers can be proactive in assisting their elderly family/clients to put these protections in place. Local, regional, state, and national resources are available to help support these efforts at protection against an investigation of financial exploitation.
A multi spectral hand-held spatial frequency domain imaging system for imaging human colorectal cancer

A multi-spectral, portable, hand-held LED based spatial frequency domain imaging system was used for ex vivo imaging pretreatment and post treatment human colon and rectal tissues. Freshly excised human colon and rectal tissue samples were imaged with the hand-held SFDI probe with 9 wavelengths extending from visible to NIR (660-950 nm). Important tumor biomarkers such as hemoglobin, scatter amplitude, scatter spectral slope, water and lipid content were quantitatively extracted from the SFDI absorption and scattering images. Significant differences were observed between the absorption as well as scattering distribution of normal, tumor and polyp tissue as well as between pretreated and post-treated tumors.
AN INFORMATION SYSTEM APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF JOB DESIGN

In many structured job designs, job content can be identified with the complexity of human-machine interfaces, with the computational or logical complexity of decision routines, and with interactive complexities associating with organizational or command structures. We have argued elsewhere(2) that such complexities may be measured or evaluated using established results in the theory of automata(3–5) and methods developed by us(6,7) to yield a practically small set of complexity parameters and class indices descriptive of an entire job and/or routines and tasks within the job. In turn, it is hypothesized that complexity parameters and indices so derived can be used to predict behavioral responses to the job. Appropriate job content can affect attitudes toward work generally, improve performance specifically, and may assist in developing responsibility. In an industrial setting, these effects would be partial determinants of general productivity and individual satisfaction. They may also associate with performance reliability for an operation or system and with the developments of responsibility, efficiency, and sustainable interest for individuals and groups.
Simultaneous transcarotid artery revascularization with flow reversal and coronary artery bypass grafting: A novel hybrid technique

Optimal management of concomitant coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis remains unknown. Current treatment strategies for patients with significant dual disease burden include simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or staged carotid endarterectomy and CABG. Herein we present the case of a patient with severe coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis and discuss a novel hybrid approach to management of concomitant coronary and carotid disease using transcarotid artery revascularization with flow reversal before CABG.
Better Together? Combining Cover Crop Mulches, Organic Herbicides, and Weed Seed Biological Control in Reduced-Tillage Systems

Organic vegetable farmers rely heavily on labor-intensive tillage for weed management, which adversely affects soil health and harms beneficial insects that consume crop pests and weed seeds. Using cover crop residues as a weed-suppressive mulch enables some reduction in tillage, and combining this tool with recently developed organic herbicides may further enhance weed suppression in vegetable production. However, organic herbicides may also adversely affect beneficial insects, and their nontarget effects are unknown. Here, we examine the combined impacts of cultural and chemical tools on weed cover while monitoring activity of beneficial epigeal insects and measuring rates of weed seed biological control to assess potential nontarget effects of organic herbicides. In a 2-yr experiment, we compared three cover crop mulch treatments and three organic herbicide treatments (capric/caprylic acid, corn gluten meal, and herbicide-free) in a reduced-tillage system. Organic herbicides led to no reductions in beneficial insect activity nor weed seed biocontrol. In both years, capric/caprylic acid herbicide and cover crop mulches reduced weed pressure relative to a fallow control treatment, whereas corn gluten meal had no effect. In year 2, a combination of cover crop mulch with organic herbicide had the greatest weed suppression relative to the fallow control. Integrated weed management is a perpetual challenge, but our results suggest that organic herbicides used in concert with cover crop mulch may enhance weed control and reduce the need for tillage, with limited collateral damage to natural enemies.
Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment: An Interventional Approach for Campus Counselors

Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based, harm reduction approach for identifying and treating at-risk substance use behaviors. This prescriptive, 3-step process was originally created by The World Health Organization in 1982 and further developed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration in 2003. By providing a systematic assessment of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs, as measured by the clinically-validated Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test-Frequencies and Concerns (ASSIST-FC), college counselors can become more adept at providing at-risk students with early assessment of problematic substance use, through motivational interviewing, and customized treatment planning. SBIRT has been successfully implemented by numerous healthcare practitioners in a variety of clinical settings, including primary care clinics, emergency departments, behavioral health services, and colleges/universities, resulting in varying degrees of success in reducing tobacco, alcohol and drug use, and improving the overall quality of life for affected individuals. Change project research indicates statistical significance in counselor confidence in assessing at-risk students’ readiness to change addictive behaviors and counselor recognition of the importance of referral to formal treatment for positively screened individuals. SBIRT on college campuses can pro-actively reduce adverse academic and health consequences for students at-risk, while increasing assessment and treatment competency of mental health counselors.
Cognitive Assessment in Medically Ill Children

The cognitive development of children can be compromised by both biological and psychosocial factors. Trauma, neural demyelination, cerebrovascular malformation, tumor, infection, asphyxia, and atrophic conditions frequently underlie disturbed neurological functioning. These conditions can be associated with cognitive and behavioral disturbances, including mental retardation, learning disability, and developmental delay.
Resting Borg score as a predictor of safe discharge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the emergency department observation unit.

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (eCOPD) can be life-threatening and costly. Emergency department (ED) observation units (ED-Obs) offer short-term care to safely reduce preventable hospitalizations. Accurately identifying eCOPD patients who can be discharged safely will improve outcomes. OBJECTIVES The objective were to: I) evaluate utility of conventional clinical variables as predictors of safe discharge and II) assess utility of serial resting Borg score and novel Dyspnea Assessment Score (DAS) for identifying eCOPD patients who can be safely discharged from ED-Obs. METHODS This study was carried out in a 680-bed tertiary, academic hospital with >700 annual eCOPD ED encounters and a 16-bed ED-Obs. A two-phase study of eCOPD patients admitted to ED-Obs was performed. Objective I was a retrospective study including all eCOPD admits from April 2016 to May 2017. Predictor variables (demographics, COPD severity, comorbid conditions, exacerbation severity, clinical care in ED) and outcome variables (ED-Obs disposition, ED revisits) were obtained through electronic medical records. Safe discharge was defined as home disposition from ED-Obs without 7-day revisit. A stepwise regression was performed for predictors of safe discharge. Objective II was a prospective observation study for change in every 4-hour serial resting Borg score and DAS as identifiers of safe discharge. Comparative and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In Objective I, 171 patients with age, FEV1 %, and body mass index of 59.8 (±9.5) years, 35 (±24)%, and 28.8 (±8) m2 /kg were included. After ED-Obs treatment 78 (45.6%) were hospitalized and 93 (54.4%) were discharged home, of whom 11 (6.4%) had 7-day ED revisit. Safe discharge occurred in 82 (48%). None of the predictor variables correlated with safe discharge. In Objective II, of 38 patients included, 20 (52.6%) had safe discharge. Among others, 16 (42%) were hospitalized and two (5.2%) had 7-day ED revisit. The admission Borg scores and DASs were similar in both groups. The predisposition Borg score was significantly lower in patients with safe discharge (2.75 vs. 5.28, p < 0.001) and had the highest area under curve on ROC (0.77) for safe discharge. DAS was not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Routine clinical variables do not identify eCOPD patients who can be safely discharged from ED-Obs. Change in resting Borg score during the course of ED-Obs treatment safely identifies patients for discharge. Prospective, external validation is needed to incorporate serial Borg scores in ED-Obs disposition decision for improved safety.
Optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy: Considering weight-adjusted and fixed dosing approaches:

Background:Growing evidence suggests psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic, is a safe and promising pharmacotherapy for treatment of mood and substance use disorders when administered as pa...
Do exercise-induced increases in muscle size contribute to strength in resistance-trained individuals?

Aim Previous work in non-resistance-trained individuals has found that an increase in muscle size has no additive effect on changes in strength. However, it is thought that muscle growth is of increased importance for resistance-trained individuals. Purpose Experiment 1: To examine changes in muscle thickness (MT) and one repetition maximum (1RM) strength following 8 weeks of bi-weekly 1RM practice or traditional training. Experiment 2: To determine whether increasing muscle size increases strength potential when followed by 4 weeks of 1RM training. Methods Participants performed biceps curls for 8 weeks (Experiment 1). One arm performed 4 sets of as many repetitions as possible with approximately 70% of 1RM (TRAD), and the other arm performed a single 1RM. For experiment 2, both arms trained for muscle size and strength. Results Experiment 1 (n = 25): for MT, the posterior probabilities favoured the hypothesis that MT changed more in the TRAD condition [mean difference: 50% site 0.15 (-0.09, 0.21) cm; 60% site 0.14 (0.06, 0.23) cm; 70% site 0.17 (0.10, 0.23) cm]. For 1RM strength, each condition changed equivalently. Experiment 2 (n = 18): for MT, the posterior probabilities favoured the hypothesis that MT changed similarly between conditions following a 4-week strength phase. For changes in 1RM strength, the evidence favoured neither hypothesis (i.e. null vs. alternative). Of note, the mean difference between conditions was small [0.72 (4.3) kg]. Conclusions 1RM training produces similar increases in strength as traditional training. Experiment 2 suggests that increases in muscle mass may not increase the 'potential' for strength gain.
Dating and sexualities across the life course: The interactive effects of aging and gender

Abstract Research on aging and sexuality has proliferated in recent years. However, little is known about the gender-specific effects of aging on dating and sexuality. Using survey data from the 2014 wave of Singles in America (SIA), a comprehensive survey on adult singles' experiences with dating and sexuality, we examine whether age differentially affects heterosexual women's and men's dating and sexual attitudes and behaviors and whether gender differences persist across the life course. We find that men remain active in the dating and sexual marketplace longer than women. Although main effects of gender differences are documented in dating and sexual attitudes and behaviors, the results show that gender does not operate the same across the life course. Notably, gender differences shrink or are eliminated in attitudes and behaviors surrounding partnering in midlife and late adulthood, suggesting that age is integral to understanding gendered heterosexuality.
A 2020 Update on Public Awareness of Head and Neck Cancers.

ObjectiveTo assess knowledge regarding head and neck cancers (HNCs) in 2020, factors associated with knowledge of the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in HNCs, and factors associated with exposur...
First record of the amphibamiform Micropholis stowi from the lower Fremouw Formation (Lower Triassic) of Antarctica

The fossil record of temnospondyl amphibians in the immediate wake of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction captures extensive taxic and ecological diversity, with most records known from high paleola...
Continuous electric field modeling of Macro-Fiber Composites for actuation and energy harvesting

Abstract This paper presents a new low-order electric field model for Macro-Fiber Composite devices with interdigitated electrodes. Specifically, the paper proposes a continuous electric field model, where the differential form of Gauss's law is used to obtain spatial terms of the electric field, and the integral form of Gauss's law is used to obtain temporal term of the electric field. By neglecting three-dimensional effects, the method of matched asymptotic expansion is employed to obtain the electric field between two pairs of interdigitated electrodes under quasi-electrostatic conditions. By averaging the solution along with the thickness of piezoceramic fibers and expanding it to the device's entire geometry by Fourier series, the low-order model of the electric field between the interdigitated electrodes is obtained. The matched asymptotic expansion and the low-order model agree well with finite element results. Generalized Hamilton's principle is employed to obtain the coupled electromechanical equations of motion for a beam with the Macro-Fiber Composite device. The Euler-Bernoulli assumptions are used to approximate strain distribution. Under current assumptions, equivalent capacitance and electromechanical coupling terms are obtained without using discontinuous functions (e.g., Heaviside or piecewise functions) for electric field terms. The equivalent capacitance is within 2% of the values reported by the manufacturer. Frequency response functions are obtained for the output voltage, tip displacement, and optimum working load of the energy harvester, and the current and the tip displacement for the actuator by assumed modes solution for a cantilever beam. It is shown that the actuator's current is related to the optimum working load of the energy harvester by Ohm's law. In the limited case, the proposed continuous electric field model reduces to the constant electric field model. When the constant electric field model is compared to the continuous electric field model, it is shown that the constant electric field model overpredicts the equivalent capacitance and electromechanical coupling. The relative difference between the two models for equivalent capacitance is around 41%, and for electromechanical coupling is around 22%. These relative differences are in agreement with the empirical correction factors defined in the earlier constant field models.
Arousal Syndromes: First Functional Unit Revisited

Arousal disorders involve alterations in the state or activation of the brain. These disorders may be generalized, affecting both cerebral hemispheres. But, very often, the disorder is localized to one or the other brain or to specific areas within the brain. In some cases, these may be visualized with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) scan technologies with behavior, affect, and cognition being the more sensitive indicators. We are more familiar with the arousal disorders, in the traditional sense, in individuals suffering from extreme arousal variants with coma or stupor. However, generalized arousal deficits have frequently been attributed to “mental retardation” and to other problems. Moreover, an alteration in arousal may be beneficial as Thomas Edison manipulated his sleep states to enhance creativity and to foster his inventions of such things as the light bulb, perhaps. By popular account, Edison would hold a steel ball or marble in his hand as he drifted off to sleep. But with the onset of dream sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, characterized by an abrupt onset of body paralysis, the ball would fall out of his hand and the noise, upon striking the floor, would awaken him. In this altered state, he would readdress his inventions and critical thinking for new inspirations and solutions.
Introduction and Overview of the Second Edition

In recent times, authors of macroeconomics texts have faced a series of daunting challenges. The primary challenge lies in the very nature of the subject. Monetary and fiscal policies influence wages, employment, inflation, output, interest rates, and exchange rates and affect virtually all individuals in emerging as well as in developed economies. The applicability and pervasiveness of macroeconomics have never been in doubt. In fact, it is these very aspects that pose the major challenges to authors of texts pertaining to the analysis of monetary and fiscal policies.
Foucault and Sedgwick: The Repressive Hypothesis Revisited

This essay examines the Foucauldian foundations of queer theory in the work of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. The essay argues that Sedgwick’s increasing disappointment with Foucault’s critique of the repressive hypothesis is in part produced by the slippery rhetoric of The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction . Specifically, Foucault’s use of free indirect discourse in that volume destabilizes both the theory of repression and the critique Foucault mounts against it, thereby rendering ambiguous any political promise his critique might seem to offer. Returning to the fraught relation between Foucault and Sedgwick, the essay concludes by reading Foucault and Sedgwick together through the lens of a reparative ethics in which the felt experience of knowing the world is also an experiment in new ways of living.
CHANDRA Detection of the AM CVn Binary ES Cet (KUV 01584-0939)

We report on Chandra ACE observations of the ultracompact AM CVn binary ES Cet. This object has a 10.3 minute binary period and is the most compact of the confirmed AM CVn systems. We have, for the first time, unambiguously detected the X-ray counterpart to ES Cet. In a 20 ksec ACIS-S image a point-like X-ray source is found within 1 sec. of the catalogued optical position. The mean countrate in ACIS-S is 0.013/s, and there is no strong evidence for variability. We folded the X-ray data using the optical ephemeris of Warner & Woudt, but did not detect any significant modulation. If an approx. = 100% modulation similar to those seen in the ultracompact candidates V407 Vu1 and Rx J0806.3+1527 were present then we would have detected it. The upper limit (3(sigma)) to any modulation at the putative orbital period is approx. 40% (rms). We extract the first X-ray spectrum from ES Cet, and find that it is not well described by simple continuum models. We find suggestive evidence for discrete spectral components at approx. 470 and 890 eV, that can be modelled as gaussian emission lines. In comparison with recent X-ray detections of nitrogen and neon in another AM CVn system (GP Com), it appears possible that these features may represent emission lines from these same elements; however, deeper spectroscopy will be required to confirm this. Our best spectral model includes a black body continuum with kT = 0.8 keV along with the gaussian lines. The 0.2 - 5 keV X-ray flux was approx. 7 x 10(exp -14) ergs/sq cm s. The luminosity implied by this flux for any reasonable distance is much smaller than that expected for a mass accretion rate as high as m = 10(exp -8) solar mass/yr, suggesting that the bulk of the accretion luminosity is below 100 eV and not seen with Chandra. We discuss the implications of our results for the nature of ES Cet.
Comparative Morality Judgments About Lesbians and Gay Men Teaching and Adopting Children

The purpose of this study was to compare morality judgments of American Catholics and the general public about lesbians and gay men adopting and teaching children. The general sample endorsed higher agreement that lesbians and gay men should be allowed to adopt and to teach children compared to the Catholic only sample. Older participants were less accepting than all other age groups, and there was an interaction effect between education and political ideology such that those with less education and with more politically conservative beliefs were generally less accepting of lesbians and gay men adopting and teaching children.
Outcome and Process in Pediatric Education: Does the Whole Equal the Sum of the Parts?

I t is both an honor and a great personal pleasure to be giving the Miller-Sarkin Lecture at this, the first combined meeting of Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics (COMSEP) and the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD). Any opportunity to honor longtime friends and colleagues Steve Miller and Rich Sarkin is an opportunity for which I’m grateful. The other reason for the personal pleasure is that we are here together today at a meeting that has been a long time coming. When I was a residency program director at the University of Massachusetts (UMass), Al Scheiner, the director of medical student education in pediatrics at UMass (and the first newsletter editor of COMSEP), engaged me in student activities. Al and I collaborated to mutual benefit, and I thought every clerkship director and residency program director enjoyed the kind of relationship we had. In 1999, Rich Sarkin, then president of COMSEP, made me aware that I was incorrect: He estimated that there were more programs in which clerkship directors and residency program directors competed than there were programs in which they collaborated. Well, as I thought about it, we do live in somewhat different worlds (Table 1). In addition to belonging to different organizations that meet separately, we answer to different accrediting bodies, and our learners answer to different credentialing bodies. Developing a relationship between COMSEP and APPD seemed like an obvious (and productive) way to model collaboration, so I began to lobby the leaders of the organizations for a combined meeting. During the next several years, Ed Zalneraitis and Carol Carraccio established task forces for APPD that paralleled COMSEP’s and worked with Bruce Morgenstern to establish collaboration. Steve Miller, Robin Deterding, Bill Raszka, Ed Zalneraitis, Carol Carraccio, Rob McGregor, Ted Sectish, and Susan Guralnick—we are indebted to all of you for this day.
Right pectoral implantable cardioverter defibrillators: role of the proximal (SVC) coil.

Introduction:Increased defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) with right active pectoral implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and/or right proximal coils (SVC) are attributed to poorer vector. However, SVC affects impedance, current flow, and shock waveform phase duration (PD), which exert independent DFT effects. Objective:Compare DFTs and shock characteristics in SVC On with SVC Off in right ICDs. Methods and Results: DFT+ testing (n = 42, 62% males, 62 ±15 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 26 ± 11%, ischemic cardiomyopathy 65%, amiodarone 26%) revealed >20% incidence of high DFT (>20J) . Dilated cardiomyopathy and amiodarone increased DFT. Individual impedance variability (25–74 Ω) generated a wide PD range (2.6–8.7 ms). Overall, SVC On reduced impedance by 33% (from 54 ± 10 to 35 ± 5Ω, P 45Ω and PD >5 ms.) SVC On was detrimental in 7/19 despite increasing current flow. In these, PD shortened excessively (median 2.9 ms) because impedance was low (31 ± 4Ω). In 3/6 cases with DFTs >20 J in both SVC On and Off, PD optimization reduced DFT. Overall, selection of best SVC configuration or deliberate PD programming yielded DFTs ≤20 J in >90% patients, reducing need for system modification to <7%. Conclusions: Right pectoral active ICDs have high DFTs. The SVC coil may be detrimental when pulse waveform excessively shortens. Noninvasive maneuvers, for example, SVC and waveform optimization, may improve DFT.
2001: The challenge in education in obstetrics and gynecology

The Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO) Initiative ‘86 was an invitational forum conducted in Dallas, Tex., on November 23-25, 1986. The majority of APGO Member Departments sent representatives to discuss the major problems confronting education in obstetrics and gynecology. Ninety faculty members, including 37 chairmen, participated in the discussions. Solutions and recommendations were developed for each of five major issues: 1. What and how should we teach? 2. How should the emphasis in education change? 3. How can we salvage the fourth year as an educational experience? 4. How do we use the changing patient care environment in planning education programs in obstetrics and gynecology? 5. How do we identify, motivate, and teach the teachers?
Chronic Toxicity of Zinc to the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque

Abstract A continuous-flow bioassay was conducted for 10 months to determine the chronic effect of zinc on fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque). Fish production, as based on survival, growth, and reproduction, was investigated. Reproduction by the test fish was almost totally inhibited at zinc concentrations that had no effect on survival, growth, or maturation of these same fish. At these same concentrations there was also no effect on survival of control eggs and fry. The number of eggs produced per female in the low zinc concentration (0.18 mg/l) was only 17 percent of the eggs produced in the control (0.03 mg/l of zinc). Application factors based on these data and the 96-hour median tolerance limit (9.2 mg/l) are discussed.
Failure to Achieve Normal Metabolic Response in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice After Transplantation of Primary Murine Hepatocytes Electroporated With the Human Proinsulin Gene (p3MTChins)

Abstract Background A recent study by Chen et al described a therapy for diabetes that involved electroporation of primary hepatocytes with human proinsulin cDNA, p3MTChins. Intrahepatic transplantation of treated hepatocytes into streptozotocin (STZ) murine and porcine models led to euglycemia, weight maintenance, and normal insulin production. We tested the repeatability of their basic experiments and transplantation technique and expanded the study to include an autoimmune model. Methods Hepatocytes were isolated from B6 mice, electroporated with p3MTChins, and glucose-challenged or were injected into hepatic or spleen parenchyma of STZ-diabetic B6 and non-obese diabetic mice. Outcomes included survival, serum glucose levels, insulin, and c-peptide release. Untransfected primary hepatocytes and mice transplanted with these cells served as controls. Results p3MTChins-hepatocytes secreted insulin during glucose challenge, but glucose levels did not change with increasing glucose concentrations. Direct hepatic injection led to high mortality rates. Mice that underwent intrasplenic injection survived for >50 days (control = 4 days) and had a mild but stable improvement in hyperglycemia. C-peptide in both mouse models was detectable but eventually declined to baseline in the non-obese diabetic mice. Conclusions Hepatocytes can be transfected with p3MTChins to produce human insulin but may lack the proper glucose-sensing or complex storage and secretion capabilities that allow for a finely tuned dynamic insulin response. Treatment is subtherapeutic, and p3MTChins-hepatocyte function may not endure in an autoimmune model. Without successful preliminary findings, cell therapy involving electroporation of p3MTChins does not appear to be practical as a therapy for diabetes and may not be a strategy to pursue at this time.
Resource allocation and cooperative behavior in fading multiple-access channels under uncertainty

The problems of resource allocation and the characterization of cooperative behavior in a two-user fading multiple-access channel (MAC) in the presence of uncertainty about the channel state information at the transmitters (CSIT) are considered. Game-theoretic techniques are used to characterize cooperative behavior and obtain the system operation point from an individualistic perspective. A two-user bargaining problem formulation, with the utility function being defined as the average rate each user can achieve, is used to obtain a fair and efficient operating point. It is shown that for the conventional bargaining problem formulation, the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) is very sensitive to the CSIT, and hence may result in considerable performance degradation. A modified bargaining problem formulation, that does not require an explicit modeling of the actual CSIT error, is proposed to address this issue, and shown to provide significant robustness to the system.
Evoked potential mapping of auditory and somatosensory cortices in the miniature swine

The miniature swine (Sus scrofa) is a desirable model for certain electrophysiological studies because of its large brain, ready availability and low cost. We report our findings regarding the location of the auditory and somatosensory cortices obtained by cortical surface evoked potential mapping. Data were collected from 11 animals under general endotracheal anesthesia. Consistent positive potentials were obtained for both auditory (P24) and median nerve somatosensory (P26) stimulation. The auditory region was centered around the lateral (sylvian) fissure; the somatosensory region was centered around the central (dorsomedial suprasylvian) fissure. In the miniature swine the locations of the auditory and somatosensory cortices are comparable to those found in other species.
Gradient acrylamide/agarose gels for electrophoretic separation of intact human very low density lipoproteins, intermediate density lipoproteins, lipoprotein a, and low density lipoproteins.

Abstract An exponential gradient gel with 0–10% acrylamide and 0.5% agarose was developed for electrophoresis of intact high molecular weight lipoproteins. This system resolves very low density lipoproteins, intermediate density lipoproteins, lipoprotein a, and low density lipoproteins in a size-dependent fashion. The characteristic relative mobility of these species can be determined in relation to protein and colloidal gold reference materials. Electron microscopy of selected lipoprotein fractions confirmed that relative mobility was related to apparent lipoprotein diameter. The composite gel medium can be used with prestained lipoproteins and permits immunoelectroblotting for qualitative analysis of apolipoprotein constituents.
Methodological issues in design and analysis of a matched case-control study of a vaccine's effectiveness.

Abstract Objective Case–control studies of the effectiveness of a vaccine are useful to answer important questions, such as the effectiveness of a vaccine over time, that usually are not addressed by prelicensure clinical trials of the vaccine's efficacy. This report describes methodological issues related to design and analysis that were used to determine the effects of time since vaccination and age at the time of vaccination. Study Design and Setting A matched case–control study of the effectiveness of varicella vaccine was conducted. Results Sampling procedures and conditional logistic regression models including interaction terms are described. Conclusion Use of these methods will allow investigators to assess the effects of a wide range of variables, such as time since vaccination and age at the time of vaccination, on the effectiveness of a vaccine.
The Effect of Sucrose Content in High and Low Carbohydrate Diets on Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Lipid Responses in Hypertriglyceridemic Humans

Abstract To further understand the effect of high carbohydrate (CHO)-low fat diets and the role of variations in dietary sucrose on CHO and lipid metabolism, 10 patients with hypertriglyceridemia were fed 2 isocaloric, typical American diets, containing 40% and 60% CHO, for 15 days in random sequence. Each patient was their own control, and they were divided into 2 groups of 5 patients each. In one group, sucrose was held constant at 13% of total calories (40–13% and 60–13%), whereas the sucrose content was 9% of the total calories on a 40% CHO diet (40–9%), and 15% of total calories on a 60% CHO diet (60–15%) in the other group. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol (Choi), and triglycerides (TG), as well as for Choi and TG in chylomicrons, very low density, low density, and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Fasting plasma TG levels were significantly increased in both groups on the 60% CHO diet, primarily due to increases in very low density-TG conc...
SPECIFIC HEAT OF SINGLE-CRYSTAL MnCl$sub 2$ IN APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELDS

The specific heat of a single-crystal sample of Mn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ has been measured, in the liquid-helium temperature region, in applied magnetic fields extending up to 7.26 kOe. In all cases the magnetic field was applied parallel to an $a$ axis of the hexagonal cell. The two specific heat maxima, which have been previously reported at 1.81 and 1.96\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in zero field, are associated with antiferromagnetic transitions. Both transition temperatures are found to be field dependent. The upper transition temperature increases with applied field while the lower transition temperature decreases. These results are correlated with neutron diffraction studies of the magnetic structure transitions.
Joyce Brothers (1927-2013).

Joyce Brothers died May 13, 2013, at age 85, in Fort Lee, New Jersey. She was born in Brooklyn, New York, on October 20, 1927. To the public, Joyce Brothers was the best known psychologist of her time. Brothers's influence on the media, and psychology, was considerable and varied. She became the public face of psychology. As her ascendency as a media psychologist progressed, she reinforced the ideas that a PhD psychologist is called "Doctor"; that a woman can create a career in the field and also raise a family; that there are psychological insights about human behavior that everyone can understand; and that psychologists are not always wearing laboratory coats or talking to people who lie on a couch, but can be lively, engaging, understandable, fun, and down-to-earth people. One might speculate that Joyce Brothers brought a lot of young women into careers in psychology. Brothers created an amazing career which she pursued with style and grace. Stepping outside of a traditional psychological career sometimes drew fire from the profession, in line with frequent criticism of popularizers in psychology and other fields. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Multiple scattering in the quark model of K+ photoproduction

An apparent failure of the additive quark model is its prediction (1) that the ratio r ~ A(yp--> K+Z0)/A(yp--> K+A °) (2) should have the value 1/27, whereas experimentally (2) it is approximately uni ty except very near the forward direction, where it drops to 0.5--0.75. In this note we shall investigate whether including the multiplescattering corrections te additivity, which have been shown (2-6) to improve its predictions in other cases, can alter the vahle of r sufficiently to explain this discrepancy. The terms which we shall consider multiple scattering are those describing the process in which a meson is photoproduced on one baryon quark, and then is scattered by a second one. (We do not need to decompose the meson into its quark structure or to invent a model for the photoproduction, since these procedures will affect both amplitudes in r identically. They may be crucial in understanding the shapes of the amplitudes (e), but the ratio will not depend on them.) The photoproduced meson may be either pseudoscalar or vector, so long as it becomes a K + in the final scattering process. Because certain helicity amplitudes vanish in the forward direction, however, we expect that only two types of multiple-scattering process will contribute significantly: a) photoproduction of a pseudoscalar meson P with spin-flip of the quark involved followed by PQ±-~K+k± (quark spin denoted by subscripts); and b) photoproduction of a vector meson V, leaving the quark spin unchanged, followed by VQ±-+ K+),~. In both cases the spin of the baryon changes; in the additive model it is this requirement which leads to r ~ 1/27. The evaluation of the double-scattering terms is then accomplished straightforwardly by using the Glauber multiple-scattering theory (7) and including all possible
Model of Earth's plasmasphere is incompatible with measurements

A widely used model of Earth's plasmasphere does not match observations, a new study indicates. Electron density in the plasmasphere—the region of cold, dense plasma that lies above about 1000 kilometers in altitude—plays a key role in space weather and affects how electromagnetic signals propagate.
Morphological study of Insoluble Organic Matter from carbonaceous chondrites: Correlation with petrologic grade

Abstract The major form of organic material delivered to Earth from an extraterrestrial origin is Insoluble Organic Matter (IOM). A morphological study of IOM in the CR (Renazzo-type) and CM (Mighei-type) carbonaceous chondrites was performed in order to constrain its origins and processing history. IOM residues from the following CR chondrites: GRO 95577 (CR1), Al Rais (CR1/2), EET 92042 (CR2), QUE 99177 (CR3) and the CM chondrites: MET 01070 (CM2.2), Cold Bokkeveld (CM2.3), Murchison (CM2.4) and QUE 97990 (CM2.5) were studied using Annular Dark Field STEM imaging. Characteristic features of the IOM, organic nanoglobules, were manually identified and measured for their abundances and size distributions. The IOM residues were also compared holistically for their degree of average ‘roughness’ or ‘coarsening’ using fractal image analysis. Manually identified nanoglobules have abundances making up less than 10% of the total IOM, which is consistent with previous studies. Their measured abundances do not correlate with petrologic grade. Thus parent body processing did not systematically deplete their abundances. The IOM is however on average ‘smoother’ or ‘coarser’ in the more altered chondrites, demonstrated by a lower fractal dimension using fractal box counting (DB). The DB values for the IOM in the CR chondrites are distinctive: QUE 99177 has the largest DB value (average = 1.54 ± 0.004) and GRO 99577 has the lowest (average = 1.45 ± 0.011). Al Rais and EET 92042 have IOM with average DB values within this range (average, 1.46 ± 0.009 and 1.50 ± 0.006). The CMs record a similar but less distinctive trend in DB, with QUE 97990 having the largest value (1.52 ± 0.004), MET 01070 the lowest (1.45 ± 0.019), and Cold Bokkeveld (1.50 ± 0.011) and Murchison (1.49 ± 0.017) equivalent to one another within error. The identified nanoglobules in the IOM of the CM chondrites are on average larger than those in the CR chondrites. The ‘coarsening’ or ‘smoother’ texture of the IOM (lower DB) in the more altered chondrites coupled with a tentative increase in the size of large features (identified nanoglobules) demonstrates that the aqueous processes leading to the lower petrologic types also formed the overall IOM morphology. In addition, observations of fluid-like textures more frequently found in the more altered carbonaceous chondrite residues suggests that organic and aqueous fluids determined at least some of these morphologies. The polymerization of organic solutions is consistent with these morphologies. Their formation conditions are more favorable under the containment of carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies.