cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of several anesthetic agents on the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the heart rate and blood pressure of the mongrel dog

Abstract Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) 1 mg/kg, i.v. produced a slight but significant reduction in the heart rate of conscious mongrel dogs, and these effects were greatly potentiated by pentobarbital and/or urethane anesthesia. However, significant increase in the heart rate was noted following Δ9-THC administration in the dogs anesthetized with a combination of morphine plus chloralose; further, neither morphine nor chloralose alone could reverse the bradycardic effects of Δ9-THC. Tachycardia induced by Δ9-THC in these dogs could be reversed by bilateral vagotomy or by pretreatment of the animals with methylatropine, or propranolol and/or practolol. The data indicated a complex interaction between Δ9-THC and morphine-chloralose combination and the tachycardia induced by Δ9-THC under this anesthesia may be due to release of epinephrine by a reflexogenic mechanism involving afferent vagi. Further, while the bradycardic effects of Δ9-THC were essentially identical under pentobarbital or urethane anesthesia, the hypotensive effects were similar in urethane or chloralose anesthetized dogs. The study emphasizes that anesthetic interaction should be taken into consideration while investigating mechanisms of actions of pharmacological agents.
Coeliac disease: genetic, immunological and environmental factors in disease pathogenesis.

Coeliac disease in humans is activated by the dietary ingestion of wheat gliadins and similar proteins in other grains. We have studied genetic, immunological and environmental factors that may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease. In mice, two genetic regions, the major histocompatibility complex (H-2) and the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region, were shown to regulate the production of anti-gliadin antibody. In coeliac disease patients on a gluten-free diet, elevated levels of anti-gliadin antibody were associated with the immunoglobulin heavy chain allotype marker G2rn(n). Studies of additional environmental factors involved in coeliac disease revealed a region of amino acid sequence homology and immunological cross-reactivity between A-gliadin, a wheat gliadin component known to activate coeliac disease and the Elb early region protein of human adenovirus 12, an adenovirus serotype usually isolated from the human intestinal tract. Specific HLA markers may be associated with coeliac diseas...
Bone marrow abnormalities in the non-obese diabetic mouse

Several lines of evidence point to abnormalities of the phenotype, cytokine responses, and function of cells of the myeloid lineage in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study we have characterized the phenotype and myeloid progenitor function of NOD bone marrow. Two hematopoietic differentiation antigens, Ly-6C and AA4.1, are expressed abnormally on NOD bone marrow cells. While multilineage erythromyeloid progenitor cells (day 12 CFU-S) are normal in number in NOD mice, more differentiated myeloid progenitors are deficient in their in vitro responses to IL-3, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-5. Since the diabetes-predisposing Idd-5 gene of NOD mice maps close to the IL-1 receptor, we tested NOD bone marrow cells for a defect in synergy between IL-1 and IL-3; no defect was found. The defects in myelopoiesis described here may predispose the NOD mouse to autoimmunity by impairing macrophage maturation.
Exploring the Long-Term Impact of Female Infertility A Qualitative Analysis of Interviews With Postmenopausal Women Who Remained Childless

This exploratory study provides a greater understanding of the long-term impact of infertility on women. Interviews were conducted with 12 infertile women who are postmenopausal and who remained childless. The women were asked to reflect on their experience of infertility and childlessness. Findings provide a greater awareness of the long-term impact of infertility and childlessness, and offer implications for those in the helping professions who might come in contact with this population of women.
Average Daily Risk Range (ADRR) in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes

Objective: The objective was to examine the utility of the average daily risk range (ADRR) in young children with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Self-monitored blood glucose (BG) data and A1c values were collected from 134 children (ages 2-6). Other measures of BG variability and diabetes care were calculated using self-monitored BG data. ADRR, A1c, and other glycemic indices were compared to assess their distinctiveness and utility as measures of BG variability and glycemic control. Results: Of young children’s ADRR values, 72% were in the “high-risk” range using adult guidelines. ADRR and A1c were highly correlated with indicators of hyperglycemia but only weakly correlated with measures of hypoglycemia. ADRR was moderately correlated with minimum BG value in the past 30 days but not percentage of BG values below 70 mg/dL. A1c was not correlated with either measure of hypoglycemia. Conclusions: ADRR values confirm the high degree of BG variability present in young children with type 1 diabetes, particularly as compared with adults. New ADRR risk guidelines are needed for pediatric patients. ADRR and A1c are adequate indicators of hyperglycemia in young children. However, both ADRR and A1c failed to effectively capture hypoglycemia risk in this sample, and neither ADRR nor A1c can take the place of review of raw BG data to evaluate BG variability in young children.
A 3-D bidirectional optical link using a stacked thin-film emitter and detector

The fabrication of a colocated three-dimensional stacked thin-film device, which can be used for single-fiber bidirectional communication, has been demonstrated. A thin-film light-emitting diode (LED) with a diameter of 50 /spl mu/m has been stacked on top of a thin-film inverted metal-semiconductor-metal (I-MSM) photodetector (PD) with a detecting diameter of 200 /spl mu/m. Both devices in the stack have been tested, and the I-MSM PD in the PD/LED stack has a responsivity of 0.31 A/W, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis using a uniform illumination approximation.
The Seamless Web and Communications Equity: The Shaping of a Community Network:

Drawing on field data gathered from 1994 to 1996, this article considers tensions in the development of community networks and highlights the decisions that shape particular types of networks. Four key decision points include interface choice, content, interaction, and outreach. Discourse about decision making is often dichotomized around civic and consumer social currents. Civic currents demand text-only interfaces, exclusively non- profit content, full electronic interaction capabilities for everyone, and deep outreach efforts. In contrast, consumer currents push graphical interfaces, the inclusion of profit-making content, limited interaction options, and meso to shallow outreach. While considering the influences of these currents, the article problematizes the dichotomy and considers more specific social influences on decision making. It also suggests specific network decisions that may contribute to greater communications equity.
Gene therapy for sickle cell disease marches on

![Figure][1] Gene therapy for the β-globin disorders β-thalassemia (β-thal) and sickle cell disease (SCD) is now a fast-moving field. The momentum was generated in 2000 when May et al demonstrated that in contrast to oncoretroviral vectors, lentivirus vectors containing human globin genes
Phosphorylation of proteins from the brains of mice subjected to short-term behavioral experiences.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the phosphorylation of proteins obtained from enriched synaptosomal fractions from the brains of mice subjected to short training experiences. An outline of the experiment is presented by a diagram in the chapter. One of a pair of 6-8-week-old male mice was injected intracranially with approximately 20 μCi [ 32 P] orthophosphate in 20 μl water, while the other was injected with 20 μCi of carrier-free [ 33 P] orthophosphate from ICN, Irvine, Calif., U.S.A. Twenty-nine minutes after injection one mouse was placed in a jump-box training apparatus and trained. The untrained mouse stayed in the home cage during the entire 45 min and referred as Quiet. At the end of the training, both mice were decapitated after minimal ether anesthetization. The brains were removed and the olfactory bulbs and cerebellum excised. Proteins of synaptosome-enriched fractions of mouse brain exhibited an increase in the incorporation of radioactive phosphate during 15 min of avoidance conditioning. The increase was initiated between 5 and 10 min of the training and could be detected 30 min beyond the training period.
A KINETICS STUDY ON REACTIONS OF C6H5O WITH C6H5O AND O3 AT 298 K

Kinetics for reactions of phenoxy radical, C6H5O, with itself and with O3 were examined at 298 K and low pressure (1 Torr) using discharge flow coupled with mass spectrometry (DF/MS). The rate constant for the phenoxy radical self-reaction was determined to be k1 = (1.49 ± 0.53) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 defined by d[C6H5O]/dt=−2 k1[C6H5O]2. The rate constant for the C6H5O reaction with O3 was measured to be k2 = (2.86 ± 0.35) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, which may be a lower limit value. Because of much higher atmospheric abundance of ozone than that of both NO and phenoxy, the reaction of C6H5O with ozone may represent the principal fate of the phenoxy radical in the atmosphere. Products from reaction of C6H5O + C6H5O, NO, and NO2 were also investigated, and (C6H5O)2 (m/e = 186), C6H5O(NO) (m/e = 123), and C6H5O(NO2) (m/e = 139) adducts were observed as products for the reactions of C6H5O with itself, NO, and NO2, respectively. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 31: 65–72, 1999
Age-and Gender-Dependent Analysis of Voice Source Characteristics

The effects of age, gender, and vocal tract configurations on the glottal excitation signal are still only partially understood. In this paper we examine some of these effects, and show that the voice source parameters, such as fundamental frequency (Fo), open quotient (related to H*1 - H*2), and spectral tilt (related to H*1 - A*3) are not only affected by age and gender but are also intercorrelated (the asterisk superscript denotes correction for the influence of various formants). Recordings of 92 male and female speakers from three age groups (8, 15, 20-39) are analyzed. The main observations are: for low-pitched talkers H*1 - H* 2 (hence, the open quotient) is proportional to Fo, while for high-pitched talkers H*1 $H*2 is proportional to F1 (high to low vowels) for F1 < 700 Hz. The parameter H*1 - A*3 showed a strong dependence on F2 and F3 for all talkers and age groups: increasing F2 or F3 yielded an increase in H*1 - A*3. Spectral tilt was seen to be vowel dependent and for male talkers, spectral tilt changed dramatically with age. A better understanding of the dependencies of voice source parameters on age and gender will help improve voice source parameter estimation and analysis for a variety of speech processing and medical applications
Why Do Children Watch Television

The mass media offer many avenues of escape from the pressures of every day life. The study reported here was an attempt to discover whether highly frustrated children seek active fantasy lives by spending more time watching television. The author found that the relationship between frustration and viewing varied with social class. Eleanor Maccoby is a Lecturer in Social Psychology at Harvard University.
Antioxidant Intake and Risk of Incident Age-related Nuclear Cataracts In the Beaver Dam Eye Study

The relation of antioxidant nutrients to the incidence of nuclear cataracts was investigated in a cohort of adults aged 43-84 years in the Beaver Dam Eye Study (Beaver Dam, Wisconsin). Nuclear opacity was assessed on a five-point ordinal scale using lens photographs taken at baseline (1988-1990) and at follow-up (1993-1995). Of the 1,354 persons eligible, 246 developed a nuclear cataract (level 4 or 5 opacity) in at least one eye. Antioxidant intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline for time points corresponding to intake during the year preceding baseline and 10 years before baseline (the distant past). Lutein-zeaxanthin was the only carotenoid, out of five examined, that was associated with nuclear cataracts. Persons in the highest quintile of lutein intake in the distant past were half as likely to have an incident cataract as persons in the lowest quintile of intake (95% confidence interval 0.3-0.8). In the overall group, nuclear cataracts were not significantly related to intake of vitamin C or vitamin E. However, vitamins C and E were inversely associated with opacities in persons who had some other risk factors for cataracts. While results of this short term follow-up study are consistent with a possible protective influence of lutein and vitamins E and C on the development of nuclear cataracts, the evidence in the present study provides weak support for these associations.
Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphic evaluation of pulmonary clot burden after percutaneous thrombolysis of clotted hemodialysis access grafts

The objective of this study is to determine, by using rigorous methods, if pulmonary perfusion defects were detectable by ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy after percutaneous thrombolysis of clotted hemodialysis access grafts. Thirteen patients were studied. Four patients underwent pharmacomechanical thrombolysis with urokinase and the remainder had mechanical thrombolysis alone. Pre- and postthrombolysis scintigraphic studies were performed on all patients. Perfusion defects were described as vascular (well-defined borders confined to segmental boundaries) or nonvascular. Vascular defects were graded by severity (0 to 3) and area (0 to 3) for each involved segment. Nonvascular defects were graded by severity (0 to 1) and area (0 to 1). Two experienced readers evaluated the scans blinded to each other's results and all other clinical data, including thrombolysis outcomes. Twelve patients did not have any significant worsening of their perfusion defect scores postthrombolysis. In only one patient did a study show a new nonvascular perfusion defect with a matching ventilation abnormality. The defect was believed to be caused by mucus plugging. The patient had no evidence of pulmonary embolism. Our study suggests emboli that resulted from the pharmacomechanical or mechanical thrombolysis procedure were either small, underwent lysis before impacting the lung, or were below the limit of detection of ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy.
Insular avian adaptations on two Neotropical continental islands

AIM: Most studies of avian insular adaptations have focused on oceanic islands, which may not allow characters that are insular adaptations to be teased apart from those that benefit dispersal and colonization. Using birds on continental islands, we investigated characters that evolved in situ in response to insular environments created by late Pleistocene sea level rise. LOCATION: Trinidad and Tobago, nearby Caribbean islands and continental South America. METHODS: We weighed fresh flight muscles and measured museum skeletal specimens of seven species of birds common to the continental islands of Trinidad and Tobago. RESULTS: When corrected for body size, study species exhibited significantly smaller flight muscles, sterna and sternal keels on Tobago than on larger Trinidad and continental South America. Tobago populations were more 'insular' in their morphologies than conspecifics on Trinidad or the continent in other ways as well, including having longer bills, longer wings, longer tails and longer legs. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that the longer bills enhance foraging diversity, the longer wings and tails compensate for the smaller pectoral assemblage (allowing for retention of volancy, but with a probable reduction in flight power and speed), and the longer legs expand perching ability. Each of these differences is likely to be related to the lower diversity and fewer potential predators and competitors on Tobago compared with Trinidad. These patterns of smaller flight muscles and larger bills, legs, wings and tails in island birds are not the results of selection for island dispersal and colonization, but probably arose from selection pressures acting on populations already inhabiting these islands.
Brief paper: A risk adjusted approach to robust simultaneous fault detection and isolation

This paper addresses the problem of detecting and isolating faults in noisy MIMO uncertain-systems, subject to structured dynamic uncertainty. Its main result shows that this problem can be efficiently solved using a combination of sampling and LMI optimization tools. These results are illustrated with two examples and benchmarked against existing methods.
Nodal signaling is required for closure of the anterior neural tube in zebrafish

Background Nodals are secreted signaling proteins with many roles in vertebrate development. Here, we identify a new role for Nodal signaling in regulating closure of the rostral neural tube of zebrafish.
Formation of the stratified ocean of the core

Abstract A mechanism of formation of the stably stratified layer of light fluid at the core–mantle boundary, which we call the stratified ocean of the core, is proposed. A turbulent diffusion in this stably stratified layer is qualitatively considered. The rate of addition of light fluid component to the layer by barodiffusion and light fluid redistribution inside the layer by turbulent diffusion are evaluated. The relevant parameters of the formation mechanism are estimated.
Ensembles of indium phosphide nanowires: physical properties and functional devices integrated on non-single crystal platforms

A new route to grow an ensemble of indium phosphide single-crystal semiconductor nanowires is described. Unlike conventional epitaxial growth of single-crystal semiconductor films, the proposed route for growing semiconductor nanowires does not require a single-crystal semiconductor substrate. In the proposed route, instead of using single-crystal semiconductor substrates that are characterized by their long-range atomic ordering, a template layer that possesses short-range atomic ordering prepared on a non-single-crystal substrate is employed. On the template layer, epitaxial information associated with its short-range atomic ordering is available within an area that is comparable to that of a nanowire root. Thus the template layer locally provides epitaxial information required for the growth of semiconductor nanowires. In the particular demonstration described in this paper, hydrogenated silicon was used as a template layer for epitaxial growth of indium phosphide nanowires. The indium phosphide nanowires grown on the hydrogenerated silicon template layer were found to be single crystal and optically active. Simple photoconductors and pin-diodes were fabricated and tested with the view towards various optoelectronic device applications where group III–V compound semiconductors are functionally integrated onto non-single-crystal platforms.
The intersection of flow cytometry with microfluidics and microfabrication.

A modern flow cytometer can analyze and sort particles on a one by one basis at rates of 50 000 particles per second. Flow cytometers can also measure as many as 17 channels of fluorescence, several angles of scattered light, and other non-optical parameters such as particle impedance. More specialized flow cytometers can provide even greater analysis power, such as single molecule detection, imaging, and full spectral collection, at reduced rates. These capabilities have made flow cytometers an invaluable tool for numerous applications including cellular immunophenotyping, CD4+ T-cell counting, multiplex microsphere analysis, high-throughput screening, and rare cell analysis and sorting. Many bio-analytical techniques have been influenced by the advent of microfluidics as a component in analytical tools and flow cytometry is no exception. Here we detail the functions and uses of a modern flow cytometer, review the recent and historical contributions of microfluidics and microfabricated devices to field of flow cytometry, examine current application areas, and suggest opportunities for the synergistic application of microfabrication approaches to modern flow cytometry.
Automatic Landmark Tracking and its Application to the Optimization of Brain Conformal Mapping

Anatomical features on cortical surfaces are usually represented by landmark curves, called sulci/gyri curves. These landmark curves are important information for neuroscientists to study brain diseases and to match different cortical surfaces. Manual labelling of these landmark curves is time-consuming, especially when there is a large set of data. In this paper, we proposed to trace the landmark curves on cortical surfaces automatically based on the principal directions. Suppose we are given the global conformal parametrization of a cortical surface, By fixing two endpoints, the anchor points, we propose to trace the landmark curves iteratively on the spherical/rectangular parameter domain along the principal direction. Consequently, the landmark curves can be mapped onto the cortical surface. To speed up the iterative scheme, a good initial guess of the landmark curve is necessary. We proposed a method to get a good initialization by extracting the high curvature region on the cortical surface using the Chan-Vese segmentation. This involves solving a PDE on the manifold using our global conformal parametrization technique. Experimental results show that the landmark curves detected by our algorithm closely resemble to those manually labelled curves. As an application, we used these automatically labelled landmark curves to build average cortical surfaces with an optimized brain conformal mapping method. Experimental results show our method can help automatically matching brain cortical surfaces.
Interpretation and Implications of the Observed Inter–El Niño Variability

Abstract The variability in extratropical atmospheric anomalies from one El Nino winter to another is examined. This study offers an interpretation for such observed inter–El Nino variations and discusses implications for seasonal atmospheric predictability. The seven strongest El Nino events of the 1950–94 period are selected in order to form a composite 500-mb circulation anomaly over the Pacific–North American region. Individual events are shown to deviate significantly from such a composite. Using a large ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model simulations forced with the observed sea surface temperatures of 1950–94, the authors argue that the observed inter–El Nino atmospheric variations are primarily due to internal atmospheric variability. The observed inter–El Nino variability in spatial patterns of the extratropical circulation anomalies appears not to be a deterministic feature of the SSTs and may thus be inherently unpredictable. Atmospheric general circulation model results further s...
Shifting from the Sage on Stage to the Guide on the Side: the Impact on Student Learning and Course Evaluations

(2001). Shifting from the Sage on Stage to the Guide on the Side: The Impact on Student Learning and Course Evaluations. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education: Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 26-34.
Evaluations of intergroup resource allocations: The role of theory of mind

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between children's social cognitive skills and their evaluations of resource allocations in intergroup contexts (N=73, 3-6years of age). Participants evaluated three snack-time resource allocation scenarios (self-disadvantaged, self-advantaged, and other-disadvantaged) in either a school ingroup or outgroup context. They evaluated the acceptability of the resource allocation and provided reasoning about their evaluation. Participants who had false belief theory of mind (FB ToM) competence were more likely than participants who did not have FB ToM to evaluate inequality as unacceptable. In addition, participants without FB ToM evaluated unequal allocations to another child as more okay in an outgroup condition than participants with FB ToM. Participants reasoned about their allocations differently depending on the context. Results reveal the importance of FB ToM for recognizing unfair resource allocations, especially in intergroup contexts.
Development and optimization of PSCA-specific CAR T cells for the treatment of bone metastatic prostate cancer.

Meeting abstracts Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the third most common cancer type in the United States, with over 200,000 new cases projected to be diagnosed this year. In approximately 80% of PCa patients, tumor phenotype includes overexpression of prostate stem cell antigen, or PSCA. Furthermore, PSCA
Drug industry in "depression".

The productivity crisis in pharmaceuticals is an important problem that should be seriously addressed by academic scientists and NIH administrators. It is true that most academic scientists avidly practice the reductionist approach and tend to neglect the big picture. However, in light of the crisis, that should change. To stimulate such a change, scientists should see publications addressing big picture issues, and specifically publications which present analyses of the productivity crisis in pharmaceuticals. Although the public media recently published a series of articles reporting the crisis, so far, the peer-reviewed professional journals tended to avoid the issue. There seems to be a consensus that there is no successful drug discovery without reasonable biology. The Drug industry in "Depression" paper provides an opportunity to balance the picture and entice discussions on the relationships between academic research practices, NIH policies, and success in drug discovery. Academia and the drug industry must adopt a unified biomedical research approach rather than a multitude of what appears to be unrelated reduction methodologies, especially the basic science/biology end of it.
Carbonic Anhydrase and Skeletogenesis

In a variety of species, the biochemical pathways that control Ca2+ accumulation in the skeleton have been closely related to carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. In addition, because bone is the most important reservoir for Ca2+ homeostasis, Ca2+ is reclaimed by dissolution of deposited mineral and matrix.5,10,22,47 This resorptive process also requires CA activity. While the more primitive exoskeletons rely on a mineral phase composed of CaCO3,6,55 vertebrates employ phosphate as the counter ion for mineralization.52–54 Localization of CA isoenzymes in invertebrate and vertebrate tissue is reviewed elsewhere.7,8,46
No Bits Left Behind

One of the key tenets of database system design is making efficient use of storage and memory resources. However, existing database system implementations are actually extremely wasteful of such resources; for example, most systems leave a great deal of empty space in tuples, index pages, and data pages, and spend many CPU cycles reading cold records from disk that are never used. In this paper, we identify a number of such sources of waste, and present a series of techniques that limit this waste (e.g., forcing better memory locality for hot data and using empty space in index pages to cache popular tuples) without substantially complicating interfaces or system design. We show that these techniques effectively reduce memory requirements for real scenarios from the Wikipedia database (by up to 17.8×) while increasing query performance (by up to 8×).
Modelling the interaction between the host immune response, bacterial dynamics and inflammatory damage in comparison with immunomodulation and vaccination experiments

The immune system is a complex system of chemical and cellular interactions that responds quickly to queues that signal infection and then reverts to a basal level once the challenge is eliminated. Here, we present a general, four-component model of the immune system's response to a Staphylococcal aureus (S. aureus) infection, using ordinary differential equations. To incorporate both the infection and the immune system, we adopt the style of compartmenting the system to include bacterial dynamics, damage and inflammation to the host, and the host response. We incorporate interactions not previously represented including cross-talk between inflammation/damage and the infection and the suppression of the anti-inflammatory pathway in response to inflammation/damage. As a result, the most relevant equilibrium of the system, representing the health state, is an all-positive basal level. The model is able to capture eight different experimental outcomes for mice challenged with intratibial osteomyelitis due to S. aureus, primarily involving immunomodulation and vaccine therapies. For further validation and parameter exploration, we perform a parameter sensitivity analysis which suggests that the model is very stable with respect to variations in parameters, indicates potential immunomodulation strategies and provides a possible explanation for the difference in immune potential for different mouse strains.
Broadband frequency combs and terahertz spectroscopy of complex materials

We discuss a broadband frequency comb generation by intermode mixing of ultrashort laser pulses in a tunneling junction, and applications of THz spectroscopy to reveal non-equilibrium dynamics in topological insulators and multiferroic materials.
Fluidic Enhancement of Mechanical Chevrons using Novel Schemes

An experimental and computational investigation of the e ect of novel uidic enhancement of mechanical chevrons deployed on a conical converging diverging scale military style nozzle was completed. An overexpanded, isothermal jet was used as the primary ow and several injection schemes were tested. Air was employed as the injection uid and the injection quantities were limited to pressures and mass ow rate ratios that were representative of available inight quantities. The optimum injection scheme resulted in reduction of fareld noise by an average of 2.5dB in overall sound pressure level as compared to mechanical chevrons alone, while reducing the required mass ow ratio to 1% of the main jet. Spectral results showed reduction in screech tone and broadband shock associate noise with minimal high frequency penalty typical of penetrating noise reduction devices. Flow eld results were able to link the acoustic changes to the modi cations insited by the uidic injection. The optimum con guration shortened the potential core, reduced the shock cell stength, shortened the shock cell spacing, nearly doubled the spreading rate in the upstream region, and reduced the centerline peak turublence while increaseing the peak turublence levels in the shear layer.
Changes in serum salivary isoamylases in Sjögren's Syndrome.

Quantitative polyacrylamide disk gel electrophoresis of sera from 27 patients with Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) and 12 comparable normal subjects revealed that serum amylase activity in patients with SS varies due to changes in the salivary isoenzyme, while pancreatic isoamylase remains normal. The SS group can be divided into those patients with markedly increased salivary isoamylase and those with normal or low salivary isoamylase. At this time we cannot be certain whether this reflects different stages in a progressive disorder, or differences in the underlying pathologic processes. Analysis of amylase isoenzymes in serum previously has been shown to be of value in pancreatic disorders, and we have now demonstrated that changes in the salivary glands may also be reflected in serum amylase isoenzymes. Study of patients with other salivary and pancreatic disorders will be needed to define the clinical utility of amylase isoenzyme analysis.
The Use of “Speech Zones” to Control Public Discourse in Twenty-First-Century America

The health of democracy in the United States, which is grounded in civic debate and participation, requires that we remain vigilant in monitoring restrictions on public discourse. One reason for close scrutiny today is that heightened controls on expression in the twenty-first century are not always highly visible. They often are reflected in mere restrictions on the time, place, or manner of public discussion. Recent courts’ interpretation of First Amendment rights increasingly has supported strict controls on the time, place, or manner of protest and other forms of political dissent.
Induction of apoptosis in human gastric cancer by sodium butyrate.

Background Novel therapeutic agents are needed in the adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer. The differentiating agent sodium butyrate (NaBT) inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells; its effects on gastric cancers are not known. The purpose of our study was to characterize the effects of NaBT on human gastric cancer. Material & methods The human gastric cancer, SIIA, was treated with NaBT (5 mM) for 12-72 h. Cell number, viability and death were measured. Expression levels of the tumor-suppressor protein, p53, the cell-cycle inhibitors, p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1, and the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax, Bak, and Bik, were determined. Results NaBT significantly inhibited SIIA gastric cancer cell proliferation in a time-dependent fashion by a process involving the induction of apoptosis. Treatment with NaBT was associated with increased expression levels of p21Waf1/Cip1 p27Kip1, Bax, Bak, and Bik. Conclusions NaBT triggers growth arrest and apoptosis in the human gastric cancer SIIA potentially through the induction of the cell-cycle inhibitors, p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1, and the proapoptotic genes, Bax, Bak, and Bik. NaBT may be an effective adjuvant agent in the treatment of gastric cancer.
An experimental study of a hydrogen-enriched ethanol fueled Wankel rotary engine at ultra lean and full load conditions

Abstract In this paper, the effect of hydrogen addition to ethanol in a monorotor Wankel engine at wide open throttle position and in an ultra-lean operating regime was experimentally investigated. For this aim, variation of hydrogen enrichment levels on the ethanol engine performance and emissions were considered. Experiments were carried out under a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm and fixed spark timing of 15 °BTDC. The test results showed that hydrogen enrichment improved the combustion process through shortening of the flame development and flame propagation periods and reducing the cyclic variation. Furthermore, the reduction of burn duration with the increase of hydrogen fraction enhances the thermal efficiency, reducing the brake-specific energy consumption, as well as reducing the unburned hydrocarbons emissions of the Wankel engine.
Writing Irataba: On Representing Native Americans on Wikipedia

Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia that anyone can edit, is simultaneously an experiment in anarchic knowledge production and a realization of the long dream of modernity: storing all human knowledge. It is also a battleground for the politics of representation and for creating and circulating realities and “Wikialities.” I ethnographically describe how Wikipedians, most of whom are white Anglo-Americans, negotiate the representation of Native Americans as objects of encyclopedic knowledge and how the sins of our anthropological forebears come back to haunt us in this process. In 2015, I participated in the collaborative writing of the article on Irataba or Yara tav, who was an important leader of the Mohave people of California and Arizona in the late 19th century. This process brought representational dilemmas to the fore in the negotiation between the inadequacies of historical and anthropological knowledge and Wikipedia's policies establishing how to authorize and re-represent narratives. These dilemmas point out to us, as 21st-century anthropologists, that we have a responsibility for being the stewards of the knowledge created by anthropologists past as well as for correcting their mistakes and guiding the global public of readers and writers when they make forays into our traditional territories. [Wikipedia, representation of Native Americans, public anthropology, history of anthropology]
Fibrosarcoma of the Penis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report a case of fibrosarcoma of the penis and review the literature. We believe that amputation is the most effective therapy and the role of lymphadenectomy is equivocal. All cases should be reported to better define the roles of various oncologic modalities of therapy.
Introduction: The Walls of Jericho

Medieval and early modern England was a corporate world, a society in which men and women were defined according to their associations. While membership in towns, guilds and other associations was important, the basic social unit was the family.
The Higgs Meson Problem

There is little doubt today that the Standard Model is an effective theory which is expected to break down on the TeV energy scale, or at higher energies. Perhaps the most important clue to the energy scale where the threshold of new physics occurs is the electroweak symmetry breaking sector with the well-known Higgs mechanism. In this review, based on recent non-perturbative lattice investigations of three independent research groups,1,2,3] I will show that with a light Higgs particle mass of 150 GeV, or less, the cut-off of the Standard Model with one Higgs doublet can be as high as the Planck scale at M p = 1.2 x 10 19 GeV (we expect to find new physics earlier, but theoretically speaking the model is consistent with a cut-off at the Planck scale). If, however, the Higgs particle is a few times heavier than 150 GeV, the cut-off is forced to drop sixteen orders of magnitude, almost instantly. The largest Higgs mass the Standard Model with lattice cut-off can accomodate is about 640 GeV with a lattice momentum cut-off A which is 2Π times larger than the Higgs mass (Λ≈ 4 TeV).
Is Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy Caused by Craniocervical Junction Degenerative Disease an Underrecognized Entity

SUMMARY: Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is uncommon, and underlying craniocervical junction degenerative disease has rarely been reported as an underlying cause. To improve understanding of this entity, we present a retrospective series of 18 patients with hypoglossal palsy in whom twelfth cranial nerve compression within the premedullary cistern or hypoglossal canal, or both, was found secondary to craniocervical junction juxta-articular cysts, retro-odontoid fibrous pseudotumors, and osteophytes. The imaging techniques and characteristic craniocervical junction degenerative disease lesion imaging findings presented here might help clinicians interpreting hypoglossal palsy imaging studies avoid perceptual and interpretive errors commonly found in the present series.
Curcumin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for neuroprotection in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the leading cause of permanent brain injury in term newborns and currently has no cure. Inflammatory processes play a key role in the progression of this disease and may be amenable to a targeted pharmaceutical intervention. Curcumin is a dietary compound with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties but is limited in therapeutic applications due to its low aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid first-pass hepatic metabolism. To address these limitations, loading curcumin into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles may increase relevant pharmacokinetic parameters and allow for effective drug delivery to the brain. Using the Vannucci model of unilateral hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats, we studied the in vivo effect of curcumin-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles on brain uptake and diffusion of curcumin and on neuroprotection. The curcumin-loaded nanoparticles were able to overcome the impaired blood–brain barrier, diffuse effectively through the brain parenchyma, localize in regions of injury, and deliver a protective effect in the injured neonatal brain. The application of curcumin and PLGA-PEG nanoparticle-mediated delivery to a clinically relevant model of neonatal brain injury provides greater opportunities for clinical translation of targeted therapies for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Perceived responsibility for learning, self-efficacy, and sources of self-efficacy in mathematics: a study of international baccalaureate primary years programme students

The purpose of this study was to assess the interrelationship of elementary students’ perceived responsibility for learning, self-efficacy, and sources of self-efficacy in mathematics, and differentiation as a function of gender and grade level. Participants in this study included 442 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students from U.S. International Baccalaureate schools. Self-report measures were used to assess key study variables. Students in grade five reported higher levels of mathematics self-efficacy and perceived responsibility for learning than those in grade three. Grade four students also reported higher levels of perceived responsibility than grade three students. In addition, regression results revealed that mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion, and physiological state accounted for a significant amount of variance in students’ mathematics self-efficacy, with social persuasion being the strongest predictor. Educational implications for practice within the context of International Baccalaureate schools are discussed.
Comparative studies on the yield and characteristics of myofibrillar proteins from catfish heads and frames extracted by two methods for making surimi-like protein gel products

Abstract Fish protein isolates (FPI) were recovered from catfish heads and frames by alkaline extraction (AE) and salt extraction (SE) and made into surimi-like gels. Protein patterns and content, moisture, color, and texture of cooked protein gels were compared with commercial products. Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate poly acrylamide gel electrophoreses (SDS-PAGE) indicated that the integrity of major myofibrillar proteins was maintained during the extraction process, and the protein patterns were almost the same with that of the commercial surimi products. The yields of AE-FPI (heads: 36%; frames: 55%) were much higher (p
Loci and candidate genes controlling root traits in wheat seedlings-a wheat root GWAS.

Two hundred one hexaploid wheat accessions, representing 200 years of selection and breeding history, were sampled from the National Small Grains Collection in Aberdeen, ID, and evaluated for five root traits at the seedling stage. A paper roll-supported hydroponic system was used for seedling growth. Replicated roots samples were analyzed by WinRHIZO. We observed accessions with nearly no branching and accessions with up to 132 cm of branching. Total seminal root length ranged from 70 to 248 cm, a 3.5-fold difference. Next-generation sequencing was used to produce single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genomic libraries that were aligned to the wheat reference genome IWGSCv1 and were called single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. After filtering and imputation, a total of 20,881 polymorphic sites were used to perform association mapping in TASSEL. Gene annotations were conducted for identified marker-trait associations (MTAs) with − log10P > 3.5 (p value < 0.003). In total, we identified 63 MTAs with seven for seminal axis root length (SAR), 24 for branching (BR), four for total seminal root length (TSR), eight for root dry matter (RDM), and 20 for root diameter (RD). Putative proteins of interest that we identified include chalcone synthase, aquaporin, and chymotrypsin inhibitor for SAR, MYB transcription factor and peroxidase for BR, zinc fingers and amino acid transporters for RDM, and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase for RD. We evaluated the effects of height-reducing Rht alleles and the 1B/1R translocation event on root traits and found presence of the Rht-B1b allele decreased RDM, while presence of the Rht-D1b allele increased TSR and decreased RD.
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Cancer: The Saga of Bisphenol A

Breast cancer results from time-related complex interactions between internal and external factors. In addition to endogenous estrogens, which play an undisputed role in breast tumorigenesis, exogenous compounds which mimic the actions of estrogen and are referred to as endocrine disruptors (EDCs) or xenoestrogens have strong impacts on breast development during the perinatal period and on carcinogenesis in adults. EDCs include natural compounds such as phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens, as well as numerous man-made chemicals which are widely used by the agriculture, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries, and are included in multiple everyday consumer products. This chapter reviews the evidence on human exposure to the EDCs, their in vitro and in vivo effects on breast cancer, and their proposed mechanisms of action. Emphasis has been placed on bisphenol A (BPA), a prototypical xenoestrogen whose adverse health effects have attracted considerable attention by scientists, industry, regulatory agencies, and the public at large. The disparate positions on health hazards by BPA, which have been undertaken by the chemical and food industries, environmental advocacy groups, health organizations, and regulatory agencies, are reviewed and criticized.
Leveraging the Halo-Nazarov Cyclization for the Chemodivergent Assembly of Functionalized Haloindenes and Indanones

In this report, we describe a halo-Prins/aryl halo-Nazarov cyclization strategy that employs readily available starting materials, inexpensive reagents, and convenient reaction procedures to generate functionalized haloindenes and indanones. The scope and limitations of the method are outlined, demonstrating that aromatic systems readily react under mild, catalytic conditions when this strategy is implemented. Furthermore, we present both experimental and computational data supporting the notion that cyclizations of 3-halopentadienyl cationic intermediates are more kinetically accessible, as well as more thermodynamically favorable, than cyclizations of the analogous 3-oxypentadienyl cationic systems. The energetic advantage imparted by the halo-Nazarov cyclization design was found to be especially valuable in the cyclizations of arylallyl cationic intermediates, which require disruption of aromaticity.
Patterns of Lending to Low-Income and Minority Persons and Neighborhoods: The 1999 New York Metropolitan Area Lending Scorecard

This paper analyzes home mortgage lending patterns in the New York Metropolitan Area. It examines lending to four particular underserved populations: minority persons, predominantly minority neighborhoods; low-income persons; and low-income neighborhoods. The paper compares lending to these populations to lending to control groups and over time in order to evaluate whether the needs of the underserved populations are being met. The paper also analyzes the records of individual lenders at meeting the credit needs of those four populations and ranks the lenders accordingly. The paper also analyzes trends in subprime lending to these four populations.