cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feminist Mediations of the Exotic: French Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, 1921-39

This article considers why and how locality influenced feminists’ perceptions of colonised women. It does so through an analysis of how militants and novelists linked with the Union Francaise pour le Suffrage des Femmes (French Union for Women's Suffrage, UFSF) perceived the Arab and Berber women of colonial North Africa. The organisation had branches in North Africa, and thus feminists in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia are compared to those in France. Where these women lived shaped their understanding of French women's roles in the colonies, along with their opinions regarding the rights to which colonised women could lay claim. Tensions among UFSF members are traced here through the literary figure Elissa Rhais, articles in the feminist newspaper La Francaise and correspondence among UFSF members. These sources indicate that while all these French women positioned themselves as mediators of colonialism and women's rights, their precise interpretations of that mediation were consistently influenced by local concerns.
The temperature dependence of substitutional impurities in Ag as measured by XAFS

Abstract XAFS measurements over a temperature range of 200–900 K are presented for pure Ag and for the minority components in the alloys GaxAg1−x, and AuxAg1−x for x = 0.05. Detailed information about the temperature dependence of the radial distribution function for the near-neighbor distance is found by assuming a one-dimensional anharmonic potential of the form V(r) = 1 2 ar 2 + br 3 + cr 4 for the interatomic bond. The force constants a, b, and c of this potential are determined for each bond, and are shown to give unique thermodynamic information about the systems.
Experiments and nuclear measurements in search of cold fusion processes

This paper reports a collaborative effort of a team which formed at Los Alamos to investigate the announcement that “cold fusion” may be occurring in electrochemical cells using palladium cathodes and platinum anodes in a LiOD electrolyte. Four electrochemical cells were construced and operated for 3–5 weeks under various geometrical and electrical conditions. Nuclear diagnostic measurements included high and low resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy, integral neutron counting with well detectors and banks of3He tubes, and neutron spectroscopy withNE-213 scintillators. For one of the cells, the deuterium loading of the cathode was determined from resistance measurements to beD/Pd⩽ 0.8. No conclusive evidence was found for the production of neutrons or 2.223-MeV gammas above levels consistent with background. The results of the measurements of tritium levels in the cell electrolytes are also reported. Experiments to reproduce the observation of neutrons from high pressureTi-D2 gas experiments were also performed with negative results.
A Real-Time Video System for Tracking One-Dimensional Movements of Two Objects

A real-time system for tracking one-dimensional movements of two objects (a fish and plastic rod) without encumbering the objects with wires or other mechanical devices is described. Block diagrams of the tracking system and one of its key elements are shown, and design pitfalls enumerated.
E.S.R. spectra of substituted pyridine and pyrimidine anion radicals

Electron spin resonance spectra were obtained of the 3-nitropyridine, 3,5-dinitropyridine, 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine, 5-nitropyrimidine, 3-acetyl pyridine anion radicals produced electrolytically in dimethyl-sulphoxide solutions. Hyperfine splitting constants were assigned in some cases with the help of molecular orbital calculations. The 3-acetylpyridine anion exists in two isomeric forms, the spectra of which were observed. Ionization of chloride from 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine, 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine, and 2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine occurred on reduction, yielding the 3-nitropyridine anion from the first two compounds, and the 5-nitropyrimidine anion from the third. Analysis of the data suggests that, for this series of radicals, the σ-π parameter Q cn n is in the range 0 ⩾ Q cn n ⩾ -2·5 gauss.
A New Class of Hypotensive Agents

FOR several years we have been engaged at these laboratories in an investigation of the physical, chemical, and pharmacological properties of various mesoionic heterocyclic ring systems. In the first of these systems investigated—the sydnones (I)—we found marked central nervous system stimulation1–6.
Satellite altimeter calibration techniques

This paper examines calibration techniques which can most effectively satisfy the requirements of future satellites carrying high-accuracy radar altimeters, such as the ESA ERS-1 and the NASA/CNES Topex/Poseidon satellites scheduled for launch during the next five years. The calibration accuracies and the advantages and disadvantages of the four currently proposed calibration techniques for over-water calibration are discussed: (1) a tide gauge on a tower at-sea and a nearby laser, (2) a laser and a tide gauge on an island with an offshore satellite pass and a geoid tie between the satellite ground track and the laser, (3) a tide gauge on a tower at-sea with satellite positioning from multiple lasers and a GPS, and (4) a laser and a tide gauge on a tower at-sea. Error budgets for these techniques, developed on the basis of state-of-the-art tracking systems, were found to have one sigma height uncertainties in the 2.8 to 4.9 cm range.
Prognostic Implications of Cutaneous Immunoglobulin Deposits In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The class of immunoglobulin (Ig) deposited at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) of the skin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been proposed to have prognostic implications. The authors studied disease activity in 51 SLE patients with a positive lupus band. Patients with cutaneous IgM deposits had significantly more severe disease than those with only IgG or with mixed immunoglobulin deposits. While their data suggest an association between IgM deposits, severe disease and a poor prognosis, they urge caution in utilizing Ig deposits as a prognostic indicator.
BATS II - A fast bubble automatic test system

A versatile, second generation bubble memory testing system (BATS II) has been built which is more than two orders of magnitude faster than our original BATS I bubble-wafer testing system. This minicomputer-based system allows arbitrary data patterns to be written and read, a large number of parameters to be varied, and a wide variety of error analyses to be performed. The speed of BATS II has been achieved by a very efficient combination of hardware and software. The bubble memory is controlled by a microprogrammed sequencer that runs ten data channels simultaneously. All read and write operations burst blocks of data under direct I/O from the minicomputer using alternate dual-channel DMA transfers and bubble memory reads interleaved with real-time error analysis. The system is designed for future operation of bubble memories at rotating field rates up to 600 kHz.
Microwave spectrum, quadrupole coupling constants, and structure of N-chlorodifluoromethanimine

Abstract The microwave spectra of N -chlorodifluoromethanimine (chlorocarbonimidic difluoride), CF 2 N 35 Cl and CF 2 N 37 Cl, have been investigated from 18 to 39.5 GHz. The hyperfine structure due to the quadrupole coupling with the chlorine and 14 N nuclei has been analyzed for a - and b -type transitions of both isotopic species. From experimental diagonal and off-diagonal quadrupole coupling constants, principal coupling constants of −94.7(1) and −74(1) MHz were calculated for the 35 Cl and 37 Cl isotopes. A molecular structure compatible with rotational and quadrupole coupling constants has been determined wth r (NCl) and r (CN) fixed at 1.700 and 1.254 A, respectively, and ∠(CNCl) = 116.4(14)° with reasonable assumptions for the other structural parameters. The strong correlations among all structural parameters are discussed and the determined parameters are compared to the corresponding parameters of similar molecules.
Crystal orientation dependence of the electrical transport and lattice structure of zinc selenide films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

ZnSe films have been grown on 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉B GaAs surfaces, using the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. The electrical transport properties and lattice structure characteristics of these films have been studied using a van der Pauw technique and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrical and structural properties of these films vary significantly with growth direction. In (100) layers, the observed defects are similar in nature to isolated compensated centers. For other orientations, observed properties are best described in terms of extended defects and grain boundaries.
Prospects for fusion: The winds of change

The research opportunities and priorities in inertial confinement fusion and magnetic fusion are assessed from the viewpoints of national energy circumstances and policy and current fusion science and technology. The status and prospects of the inertial confinement fusion program are reviewed along with the achievements of the magnetic fusion program in compact ignition tokamak and engineering test reactor research and development. The status of international collaboration on an engineering test reactor is addressed and the role of universities and industry in fusion research directed toward demonstration and commercialization is evaluated.
Laparoscopic repair of hiatal hernia after esophagectomy.

Background Herniation of abdominal contents via the diaphragmatic hiatus is a potentially life-threatening complication of esophagectomy. Mounting evidence suggests that hiatal hernias are more common following minimally invasive esophagectomy. Therefore, post-esophagectomy hiatal hernia and its treatment bear increasing significance.
Fast mapping of multiple words: Insights into when ''the information provided'' does and does not equal ''the information perceived''

Abstract A candidate process for explaining the rapid vocabulary acquisition during the preschool years is “fast mapping,” children's ability to sketch partial maps of a word's meaning after brief exposure. The present study examines this process for learning multiple words, testing the hypothesis that children's attention to the information critical for quickly mapping multiple words onto their referents depends on the alternatives available when the words are introduced. Fifty-eight 40-month-old children participated in one of two conditions. In both conditions, each trial for novel Word #1 presented a novel object and three familiar ones. The conditions differed in the object choices presented when novel Word #2 was introduced. Although the same information was available to children in both conditions, younger children showed significantly better learning of the new words in the successive condition than in the concurrent condition. Implications of this for age-related differences and for teaching strategies are discussed.
An Experimental Assessment of Recent Professional Developments in Nonstatistical Audit Sampling Guidance

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants has recently set forth significant revisions in its nonstatistical audit sample‐size decision aid (AICPA 1999). In a controlled setting involving 149 experienced auditors, we test the effects of the new guidance on auditors' sample‐size judgments, extending Kachelmeier and Messier's (1990) (KM) investigation of a previous AICPA (1983) decision aid. We find that the current decision aid results in significantly smaller sample sizes than the previous aid. Further, auditors continue to “work backward” in their choice of decision aid inputs, resulting in sample sizes that are more intuitively acceptable. An optional supplemental worksheet added to the AICPA's guidance to assist the auditor in specifying tolerable misstatement generates a marginal increase in sample sizes, but does not eliminate the working‐backward phenomenon. However, the supplemental worksheet significantly reduces sample size variability. Additional findings update the conclusions in K...
Tree-Level Patterns of Lodgepole Pine Growth and Leaf Area in Yellowstone National Park: Explaining Anomalous Patterns of Growth Dominance Within Stands

The growth of forests is the simple sum of the growth rates of all the trees. The growth of individual trees results from non-linear competition among trees for resources, including efficiency in the use of resources to grow stems, and these characteristics may change as trees and forest age. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests in Yellowstone National Park showed an unusual pattern of low dominance of large trees (=reverse growth dominance), and we hypothesized this pattern resulted from a pattern of declining resource use efficiency (defined as wood growth per unit of tree leaf area) for large, old trees. Across a 96-site chronosequence, the largest trees continued to increase growth with age. Leaf area increased faster with tree size than did growth, leading to lower growth efficiency for large trees in stands older than about 125 years. These patterns contrasted strongly with those from a similar study with fast-growing Eucalyptus saligna, where strongly positive growth dominance resulted from greater growth efficiency across all sizes and ages. The hypothesis was supported, as the reverse growth dominance was associated with declining resource use efficiency in large, old lodgepole pine trees. Several factors may contribute to the declining growth efficiency of large, old pines, and the contribution of these potential factors could be determined from further investigation.
Plastic surgery marketing in a generation of "tweeting".

Background: “Social media” describes interactive communication through Web-based technologies. It has become an everyday part of modern life, yet there is a lack of research regarding its impact on plastic surgery practice. Objectives: The authors evaluate and compare the prevalence of classic marketing methods and social media in plastic surgery. Methods: The Web sites of aesthetic surgeons from seven US cities were compared and evaluated for the existence of Facebook, Twitter, or MySpace links and promotions. To find the sites, the authors conducted a Google search for the phrase “plastic surgery” with the name of each city to be studied: Beverly Hills, California; Dallas, Texas; Houston, Texas; Las Vegas, Nevada; Miami, Florida; New York City, New York; and San Francisco, California. The trends of social networking memberships were also studied in each of these cities. Results: In comparison to aesthetic surgeons practicing in other cities, those in Miami, Florida, favored social media the most, with 50% promoting a Facebook page and 46% promoting Twitter. Fifty-six percent of New York City aesthetic surgeons promoted their featured articles in magazines and newspapers, whereas 54% of Beverly Hills aesthetic surgeons promoted their television appearances. An increase in the number of new Facebook memberships among cosmetic providers in the seven cities began in October 2008 and reached a peak in October, November, and December 2009, with subsequent stabilization. The increase in the number of new Twitter memberships began in July 2008 and remained at a steady rate of approximately 15 new memberships every three months. Conclusions: Social media may seem like a new and unique communication tool, but it is important to preserve professionalism and apply traditional Web site–building ethics and principles to these sites. We can expect continued growth in plastic surgeons’ utilization of these networks to enhance their practices and possibly to launch direct marketing campaigns.
Reinterpretation of the Greenbrier fault, Great Smoky Mountains: New petrofabric constraints and implications for southern Appalachian tectonics

The Greenbrier fault in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge was defined as a premetamorphic younger-over-older thrust fault with a minimum 23 km of displacement. Subsequent studies accepted the original interpretation and further proposed that the fault represents a Taconian foreland style ramp-flat system, the sole evidence for a foreland fold-and-thrust belt in the southern Appalachians. New structural and petrofabric observations in the Great Smoky Mountains region permit reassessment of the original interpretation. All major foliations (mylonitic S–C′ fabric and shear-band cleavage in phyllonites; S-tectonites in the foot-wall; steep, disjunctive, shear-band cleavage in footwall and hanging wall; crenulation cleavage and schistosity above garnet grade) are postmetamorphic and have similar NE strike and SE dip. All foliations in the foot-wall are overprinted within meters of the fault by the S–C′ shear-band cleavage. This fabric represents the youngest deformation event observed and postdates prograde and retrograde mineral assemblages, indicating postmetamorphic slip along the contact. No premetamorphic fault fabrics are present along the fault, even in the lowest grade rocks. Postmetamorphic foliations near the fault may be accounted for by differential slip during folding of hanging-wall and foot-wall lithologies due to competency contrasts. Reconstitution of Snowbird footwall meta-siltstones into a phyllitic S–C′ tectonite correlates with similar lithologies and fabrics that define the footwall along strike and that yield Carboniferous ages for noncoaxial shear deformation. The evidence permits the alternative interpretation that the Greenbrier is a faulted stratigraphic contact that does not require tens of kilometers of displacement or deposition in separate basins along the extending Laurentian margin, and does not represent a foreland ramp-flat system. The general lack of premetamorphic folds and foliations in Ocoee metaclastic rocks (i.e., relatively “static” Taconic Barrovian regional metamorphism) correlates with the absence of regional deformation in the southern Appalachian foreland at a time (Middle Ordovician) when central and northern Appalachian Taconic-type fold-and-thrust belts developed. Postmetamorphic, middle to late Paleozoic shortening of the entire Great Smoky Mountain basement-cover sequence, and folding and extrusion of the competent Great Smoky Group rocks relative to the underlying Snowbird Group, may have produced km-scale offset along the fault.
Flight Experience with Aircraft Time-of-Arrival Control

A research program on STOL operating systems is underway at the Ames Research Center. One investigation is concerned with design, analysis, and flight test of promising 4-D RNAV (four-dimensional area navigation) system concepts. While the flight paths that can be flown and the control system are aircraft dependent, the 4-D RNAV system concept is not. Hence, the work is applicable to CTOL aircraft. One promising system generates a capture flight path from the present aircraft position to a waypoint on a selected fixed-approach route. It predicts arrival time at the runway and controls time and position along the path. The system was flight tested, using a digital avionics system, on a Convair 340 and on an experimental powered-lift STOL airplane. Flight tests in the flight director mode show that the pilot can choose and change the desired time of arrival and meet this time within a few seconds, in spite of navigation errors and varying winds. Initial tests of the automatic mode using the NASA Augmentor Wing Jet STOL Research Aircraft (AWJSRA) show that good time control was achieved without objectionable throttle activity.
ELDERLY PERSONS' PERCEPTIONS OF HUMOR AS A GENDER-LINKED CHARACTERISTIC ',

Summary.-Attitudes toward the role that humor is supposed to play in the repertoires of men and women may explain the extent to which elderly people avail themselves of humor's potential benefits. 96 volunteers consisting of 24 men (ages 59-90 years) and 72 women (ages 51-93 years) responded to Vitulli's Humor Rating Scale. The racing scale measured attitudes toward male-oriented humor, female-oriented humor, general humor values, and an index of "diFFerentiation of humor by gender." A 2 x 2 factorial (split-plot) analysis of variance suggested a possible inreraccion between gender of participant and gender-oriented scales. Elderly men and women agreed on "general humor values," and they both rated humor as an important quality for men on the male-oriented rating scale, yet a post hoc ScheFft test showed a significant gender effect on the female-oriented raring scale. Elderly women perceived humor as an important quality for women, whereas elderly men did not. Cohort effects and social situations in senior citizens' living complexes may account for some of the firings.
Rigid-plastic and damage behavior in metal forming: Part II—model prediction

Abstract Local sites of material damage by yield intensification and fracture are predicted for a rigid punch deforming a metal sheet in small steps. A modified theory of rigid-plasticity developed in Part I is used in combination with the volume energy density criterion. The condition of perfect elastic rigidity is relaxed in addition to the inclusion of material compressibility and dilatational energy. Compatibility of physical description, numerical computation and damage prediction is emphasized for defining the size of the smallest resolvable detail in an account of the workpiece's structure integrity and configuration tolerance. Computer models are shown to be forgiving when applied to describe global behavior such as punch force/displacement relation, workpiece configuration, etc., but large differences are reflected in the local stress/strain fields and material damage details. Sixteen Gaussian points are required in each of the twelve-node isoparametric elements to achieve sufficient accuracy for determining the maxima and minima of the volume energy density function. Their local and global values are identified with the potential failure sites and stability of the material degradation process. The ability of the workpiece to absorb plastic energy is shown to decrease with increase intensification of yielding and localized necking. A stage would be reached where further energy dissipation takes place in the form of fracture. Progressive cracking is found to be more unstable at the fixed end in contrast to the region under the punch with severe through-thickness necking. These effects are accessed quantitatively by an instability index parameter through which loading rate, workpiece geometry and material type could be optimized as a combination. Predicted fracture path in the necked region of the workpiece is reminiscent to that observed in the ductile failure of a tension specimen. Local description of material damage in metal forming is essential for developing realistic computer models. The DABY program possesses such a capability.
Small field of view imaging using wavelet encoding with 2 dimensional RF pulses and gradient echo: phantom results

Object The objective of this work is to propose an imaging sequence based upon the wavelet encoding approach to provide MRI images free from folding artifacts, in the small field of view (FOV) regime, such as dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.
Thermo-Hydrodynamic of the Evaporation of Refrigerant R134A in Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers

The evaporation of refrigerant R134a in three different sizes of Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers (BPHE) is analyzed in this article. The BPHEs are a type of compact plate heat exchanger with parallel corrugated plates which are brazed together in series. In this study, these heat exchangers are utilized as the evaporator of an automotive refrigeration system, and their heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops are obtained experimentally. The refrigerant flows on one side and a 50% glycol-water mixture on the other side of the BPHEs, in a counter flow configuration. The heat transfer coefficient for the single-phase glycol-water mixture flow through the BPHEs is obtained using the Wilson plot technique. The single-phase Fanning friction factor correlation is also obtained using experimental results from the hydrodynamic parameters of glycol-water mixture. The results from the single-phase flow analysis are then extended to the two-phase flow analysis to correlate the evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop for the refrigerant R134a in the BPHEs. In summary, the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior of the evaporation of R143a in brazed plate heat exchangers is analyzed and compared with previous studies.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Analyses of multiple-evidence combinations for retrieval strategies

Multiple-evidence techniques are touted as means to improve the effectiveness of systems. Belkin, et al. [1] examined the effects of various query representations. Fox, et al. [2] proposed several combination algorithms and found that combinations of the same types of runs (long and short queries within the vector space model) did not yield improvement and sometimes even degraded performance. He did achieve improvement over individual runs when merging different retrieval strategies (e.g., vector space and pnorm Boolean). Lee [3] further examined various combination algorithms for fusing result sets to improve effectiveness. He identified that, for multiple-evidence to improve system effectiveness, the retrieved sets must have higher relevance overlap than non-relevance overlap. Lee did not identify the exact difference needed to improve effectiveness. His results had a 125% difference in relevant and non-relevant overlap. While Lee's experiments focused on different system result sets, we focus on effective ranking strategies removing systemic differences of parsers, stemmers, phrase processing and weighting factors. We show that the improvements shown by Lee were likely produced by fusing ranking strategies less tuned than today’s measures, and current improvements are likely to be produced by systemic differences rather than ranking strategies.
A thermochemical model for analyzing low wear-rate materials

Abstract Thermochemical analysis was used to describe chemical reactions that take place during the wear in air of several low wear surface treatments. The reactions effect oxidation of surfaces and transfer layers, adhesion of transfer layers, and debris formation. Surface treatments studied include MoS 2 films, TiN and TiC coatings, and steel implanted with Ti + and (Ti + + C + ). Surface chemical and structural techniques were used to analyze the interfacial films and wear debris produced during dry sliding wear tests at or near room temperature. Ternary and quaternary phase diagrams calculated (for the most part) from thermochemical data are shown to be in agreement with compositions and phases determined experimentally. Speculations are given on why thermochemistry applies to wear behavior and how this modeling approach may be used to design beneficial surface treatments.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CURING VARIABLES OF ASPHALT-RUBBER BINDER

ABSTRACT A curing study was undertaken to determine the effect of asphalt type, rubber content, rubber mesh size, rubber source, curing time, curing temperature, and rate of mixing on the properties of asphalt-rubber binder. Properties studied were asphalt composition, rubber dissolution, molecular weight distribution, and the low, intermediate, and high-temperature rheological properties. These properties were found to be dependent on the above listed variables. Most notable were the curing variables of curing time, curing temperature, and rate of mixing. Increasing the curing time, curing temperature, and rate of mixing increased the amount of rubber dissolution into the asphalt during the curing process. Increased rubber dissolution was determined to improve the low- and intermediate-temperature rheological properties of a binder. Furthermore, after the initial increase in high-temperature viscosity with the addition of rubber, the high-temperature viscosity decreased significantly with increased rubbe...
Parastemal cross-sectional echocardiographic determination of aortic arch situs: A new approach☆

Abstract Determination of the situs of the aortic arch is extremely important in the complete evaluation of infants with congenital heart disease, as well as in infants with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in whom the thoracotomy incision is performed contralateral to the aortic arch. 1 Definitive determination of the side of the aortic arch can be made angiographically, but this is invasive and requires transport of the infant. The thoracic roentgenogram is not always reliable in determining aortic arch situs, particularly in newborns. Computed tomography of the thorax has also been used, 2 but tomographs are not portable. Evaluation of the aortic arch from the suprasternal notch using cardiac ultrasound has been reported. 3–6 In most studies, the sector orientation required for a long-axis image of the arch was used to distinguish situs. 3–5 The position of the descending thoracic aorta also has been used to infer the side of the aortic arch. 4–5 These techniques are subjective and depend on the skill of the operator. They do not provide for a descending aorta contralateral to the aortic arch with retroesophageal segment, nor for cardiac malpositions. The relative positions of the esophagus and aortic arch have also been used to identify the side of the arch, 6 but this technique is not useful with esophageal atresia. We therefore devised a new technique to evaluate aortic arch situs from a parasternal short-axis approach.
Context-adaptive cross-layer TCP optimization for Internet video streaming

The tremendous growth of video content over the Internet and evolution towards more personalized video applications has led to a need for a network and service infrastructure better suited to today's content and mobility needs. Quality of Experience (QoE) management is one of the major challenges for video delivery given the limited bandwidth for wireless access network causing video packet drops and the core network congestion impacting video service delay. In this context, the current TCP-based model used for HTTP streaming presents challenges due to throughput variation and high latency. We present a context-adaptive cross-layer optimization approach to enhance video streaming over TCP that introduces network and content awareness in TCP operation to provide adaptive reliability and smoother throughput. Our proposed solution requires implementation changes only on the receiver side without impacting the TCP sender implementation. We validated the proposed solution through OPNET simulations and the results show some significant performance gains in both TCP throughput and video QoE metrics.
“Here, Everybody Moves”: Using Relational Cultural Therapy with Adult Third-Culture Kids

Researchers have underscored the need for appropriate counseling services for Third Culture Kids (TCKs), yet few have addressed therapeutic approaches. This article applies Relational-Cultural Therapy (RCT) to the counseling of Adult TCKs, focusing on TCK experiences such as inaccessibility of parents and ‘parentification’. The long-term impact of such childhood experiences, including emotional disengagement, role-playing, and replication, is explored. Finally, a case scenario is presented to illustrate the application of RCT.
A Dialogic Account of Sense-Making in Scientific Argumentation and Reasoning

This article identifies aspects of argumentation in scientific practice that are key for scientific sense-making and articulates how engagement in these aspects happens both inter-mentally (between people) and intra-mentally (an individual's reasoning). Institutionally, peer review exerts critique on new knowledge claims in science and is comprised by a search for errors, which can be expressed as generation and evaluation of alternative possibilities that contrast with the new knowledge claim. Critique influences construction of claims, and this interplay motivates progress in sense-making. A classroom experiment is presented in which a high school physics class simulated the social interactions between authors and reviewers. These students’ subsequent ability to engage in various forms of sense-making is contrasted with a control class that did the same activity but without simulating the relevant social interactions. The results suggest important support for a principled, practice-based way to simulate...
Multivariate analysis of survival, local control, and time to distant metastases in patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung carcinoma treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy (CRT) and chemotherapy have recently improved lung cancer management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed outcomes in 68 patients with unresectable stage I-III non–small-cell lung cancer. Treatment consisted of 3D CRT alone or with concurrent chemotherapy (CCR). RESULTS: Concurrent chemotherapy improved survival, to a median of 17 months ± 4.9 months, compared with 8 months ± 4.1 months for the radiation therapy (RT) alone group ( P = 0.0347). The 2- and 5-year survival rates were 40.3% ± 7.7% and 14.1% ± 6.4%, repectively, with CCR, compared with 19.6% ± 9.6% and 0, respectively, for RT alone. In a subgroup analysis for age > 65, patients who received CCR (n = 20) had significantly improved survival and local control ( P = 0.005 and P = 0.0286, respectively). Acute esophageal toxicity Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade ≤ 3 was significantly higher in the CCR group and correlated with the RT dose (19% in CCR vs. 0 in RT, P = 0.0234; P = 0.050). The overall incidences of esophageal and pulmonary toxicity grade ≤ 3 were 20.6% and 5.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that CCR is associated with improved survival over RT alone, with a tolerable increase in acute toxicity.
Legality and [Dis]membership: Removal of Citizenship and the Creation of 'Virtual Immigrants' in the 1967 Israeli Occupied Territories

This paper seeks to show that liberal law continues to justify and legitimize displacements of minority populations, even in an age of universal human rights. As demonstrated by the Israeli court’s 1988 decision legitimating the deportation of Mubarak Awad, citizenship and immigration laws provide juridical justifications for contemporary ethno-national settler projects. In the aftermath of a territorial conflict that defines or redefines the bounds of the state, racially-marked indigenous populations are vulnerable to being legally recast as “aliens” or “virtual immigrants.” National conflict may thus be transformed by legal formalism into a question of immigration law, allowing the power relations that produce state sovereignty to slip into the background.
Biosynthetic studies on the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose: the chemical synthesis of isotopically labeled 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone analogs

Abstract 2- epi -5- epi -Valiolone is a cyclization product of the C 7 sugar phosphate, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, involved in the biosynthesis of the aminocyclitol moieties of acarbose, validamycin, and pyralomicin. As part of our investigation into the pathway from 2- epi -5- epi -valiolone to the valienamine moiety of acarbose, we prepared 1- epi -5- epi -(6- 2 H 2 )valiolol [(6- 2 H 2 )- 6 ], 5- epi -(6- 2 H 2 )valiolol [(6- 2 H 2 )- 17 ], 1- epi -2- epi -5- epi -(6- 2 H 2 )valiolol [(6- 2 H 2 )- 12 ] and 2- epi -5- epi -(6- 2 H 2 )valiolamine [(6- 2 H 2 )- 11 ]. Compounds (6- 2 H 2 )- 6 and (6- 2 H 2 )- 17 were synthesized from 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -benzyl- d- glucopyranose in 10 and seven steps, respectively, whereas (6- 2 H 2 )- 12 and (6- 2 H 2 )- 11 were synthesized from 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -benzyl- d- mannopyranose in eight and 10 steps, respectively.
Payments to research participants: the importance of context.

(2001). Payments to Research Participants: The Importance of Context. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 47-47.
Fatty acyl pheromone precursors in the sex pheromone gland of female tobacco hornworm moths, Manduca Sexta (L.)

Abstract The total fatty acyl composition, including free fatty acids and fatty acyl moieties in lipids, of sex pheromone glands and selected other body tissues of Manduca sextra females was determined by capillary gas chromatographic and mass spectroscopic analysis. Fatty acyl analogs of eleven pheromone aldehydes were found in the epidermal cells of the pheromone gland. While the common fatty acyl groups, hexadecanoate, (Z)-9-hexadecenoate, octadecanoate, (Z)-9-octadecenoate, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, were detected in other body tissues of females as well as in the epidermal cells and cuticle of the pheromone gland, uncommon fatty acid pheromone analogs were not found in significant amounts in tissues other than the epidermal cells of the pheromone gland. Quantitative analysis of extracts revealed that the fatty acyl analogs of pheromone aldehydes were present continuously in pheromone glands of females from about 3 or 4 days prior to eclosion from the pupal stage until the adults were 8 days old. While injection of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide into the abdomen of the females at any age, even in the late pupal stage, resulted in pheromone production, the quantities of the bound fatty acyl components in the pheromone gland were not measurably changed.
Reentrance in the Mn(tetracyanoethylene) x .y(CH 2 Cl 2 ) high-T c molecule-based ferrimagnet

Results of static and dynamic magnetic studies of the compound ${\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{TCNE})}_{x}\ensuremath{\cdot}y({\mathrm{CH}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2})$ (TCNE =tetracyanoethylene) are reported. Curie-Weiss analysis of the high-temperature susceptibility data indicates a relatively strong exchange. The ac susceptibility, measured as a function of frequency and temperature, reveals frequency-independent peaks in both the in-phase and out-of-phase components of the susceptibility near 75 K. Additional peaks in both components, which are frequency dependent, are observed near 10 K. Weak irreversibilities, including a remanent moment and a bifurcation of the field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) dc magnetizations are observed below 75 K. These irreversibilities become more pronounced below $\ensuremath{\sim}10\mathrm{K}.$ The presence of frequency dependence in the ac susceptibility and field dependence of the FC/ZFC magnetizations near 10 K but not at 75 K strongly suggest reentrance. Static scaling analysis at the high-temperature transition and dynamic scaling analysis at the low-temperature transition provide clear evidence for ordering with a spontaneous moment at 75 K and as a spin glass below 10 K. Possible mechanisms for this behavior are discussed.
Global patterning in single cells

Abstract Pattern formation is compared in two dissimilar systems, amphibian eggs and ciliates, which have in common the maintenance of highly regulative developmental fields within a single cell. In both, the fields appear to be organized around approximately orthogonal developmental axes which originate at different times and/or have different regulative properties. In all amphibian eggs and at least some ciliates, one of the developmental axes is itself generated by a juxtaposition of dissimilar cell regions—a yolk contrast zone in the eggs and a cortical pattern contrast in the ciliates. The site of the contrast zone acts as the boundary or apical region of the developmental axis. In either case, the interpretation (or implementation) of field parameters to generate observable developmental events can take place in the absence of cellular subdivision. In eggs there are normally few if any such overt early events, but under certain circumstances a remarkable imitation of gastrulation can take place without cleavage. Localized assembly of pre-existing proteins is a reasonable basis for interpretation/implementation in a unicellular and perhaps also a multicellular framework. The nature of the developmental field itself is still obscure. It is located internally in eggs and near the surface in ciliates, these respective locations coinciding with those of the microtubular arrays in the two systems. However, these arrays appear to serve, at most, to orientate the field axes, and are not indispensible for their maintenance, or regulative reorganization. The formal similarities between the global development of the two types of systems provide suggestive, though not compelling, support for the possibility of a valid unified field-theory of a high degree of generality.
Oxidation-reduction-induced roughening of platinum (1 1 1) surface

Abstract Platinum (1 1 1) single-crystal surface was roughened by repeated cycles of oxidation and reduction to study dynamic evolution of surface roughening. The interface roughens progressively upon repeated cycles. The measured width of the interface was fit to an assumed power law, W ∼ t β , with β = 0.38(1). The results are compared with a simulation based on a random growth model. The fraction of the singly stepped surface apparently saturates to 0.25 monolayer, which explains the apparent saturation to a steady-state roughness observed in previous studies.
Simulations on radiation‐cured polyethylene

Simulations of the simultaneous crosslinking and chain scission reactions that are induced in bulk amorphous polyethylene by irradiation have been implemented with a computer. A detailed study of the various defect structures in the network is reported, to show that dangling ends have the highest population among these defects, especially at higher crosslink densities. The calculated sol fractions compare very favorably with previously published experimental studies. We find that there is about 1 chain scission for every 9 crosslinked units, i.e., one scission per 4.5 crosslinks. This is fewer scissions than had previously been deduced by application of the Charlesby-Pinner method.
Impacting Designer Creativity Through IT-Enabled Concept Generation

One of the innovation's fundamental mechanisms, designer creativity, is both unsupported by rigorous information-technology-enabled tools and uncharacterized as a scientific phenomenon. In this paper, we present VISUALIZEIT-a project seeking to identify a scientific basis and develop the supporting cyberinfrastructure needed to facilitate, evaluate, and disseminate information-technology-enabled innovation methodologies that augment designer creativity. This particular research paper describes a method of synthesizing concept representations through the development and expansion of platforms focused on computational concept generation, clustering of design concepts, a repository of archived design knowledge, and an information integration and representation interface. We also present the initial results from implementing VISUALIZEIT using two populations of students.
DNA synthesis and cell division during second pupal development in the silkmoth, Antheraea polyphemus

Abstract Chilled pupae of Antheraea polyphemus were induced to form second pupae by injecting juvenile hormone (JH) alone or with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE). Adults were permitted to initiate development spontaneously or by injection of 20-HE. During development, wing tissue was removed for measurement of incorporation of [ 3 H]-thymidine ([ 3 H]-TdR) into DNA and the total DNA content. Tissue samples were also obtained for histological examination. Wing tissue from pupae stimulated by injected 20-HE alone or with JH, incorporated [ 3 H]-TdR maximally on day 1. The incorporation values then declined to control levels by day 4, and continued low to day 6. Animals which initiated development spontaneously either in the presence or absence of JH had a more gradual increase in the rate of DNA synthesis with the peak rate occurring on days 2–3. Studies of the cellular ratio of thymidine triphosphate to thymidine (TTP/TdR) indicated that the incorporation of [ 3 H]-TdR into DNA was the result of hormone stimulation of TdR metabolism and not merely the result of increased cellular uptake of DNA precursors into epidermal cells. The DNA content of all experimental groups parallelled the changes in the rate of DNA synthesis. Wing DNA levels during 20-HE synchronized second pupal and adult development increased up to day 6 and then remained constant until day 12, when DNA content decreased significantly in second pupae. Light microscopy indicated that epidermal cells of 20-HE synchronized developing second pupae and pharate adults divided between one and two days after hormone injection. At four days, differentiated scale cells were seen in adults but were never seen in second pupae. These results suggest that DNA synthesis is initiated by ecdysteroids, regardless of whether the steroid is injected or released endogenously, and that JH itself has no specific effects on DNA synthesis or proliferative cell divisions in the wing.
Non-Gaussian Diffusion of Phosphorus and Arsenic in Silicon with Local Density Diffusivity Model

In the light of published phosphorus and arsenic diffusion profiles [1,2] a non-Gaussian mathematical diffusion model is developed in this work based on separate forward and reflected impurity diffusion flows and called local density diffusion (LDD) model. The LDD model includes the rational function diffusion (RFD) model published in [3] and represents an improvement for near surface and tail concentration profile slope approximation by introducing just one single empirical fit parameter “r”. This single fit parameter is related to the given combination of impurity species (phosphorus: r=0.18; arsenic: r=0.43) in the applied host lattice system (silicon), but does not vary while approximating different experiments with different impurity surface concentrations and penetration depths [1,2]. Based on the LDD approximation in this work a surface enhanced diffusivity for phosphorus and a tail decelerated diffusion for arsenic is suggested in comparison to RFD model approximation only. The local density diffusivity is found to be non-linear along the penetration path and reaches its maximum at a distance LLDD from the surface.
Utilization of waste fibers in stone matrix asphalt mixtures

Abstract Waste fibers produced from manufacturing processes such as scrap tire processing and automotive carpet manufacturing are sometimes used in other applications, but commonly are disposed of in landfills. If these fibers could be beneficially utilized in any application, it would reduce the load on the nation’s landfills. Also, since these are waste materials, the cost of using these fibers compared to fibers manufactured for a specific application could be considerably less. The major objective of this research was to determine the feasibility of utilizing waste tire and carpet fibers in stone matrix asphalt (SMA). Many states utilize such rut resistant SMA mixtures on heavily traveled highways. Fibers are included in SMA mixtures as a stabilizing additive to prevent excessive draindown caused by relatively high contents of polymer modified asphalt binder. The common types of fiber used in SMA include cellulose and mineral fibers. This study compared the performance of SMA mixtures containing waste tire and carpet fibers with mixes made with commonly used cellulose and other polyester fibers produced specifically for use in hot mix asphalt (HMA). No significant difference in permanent deformation or moisture susceptibility was found in mixtures containing waste fibers compared to cellulose or polyester. Also, the tire, carpet, and polyester fibers significantly improved the toughness of the mixtures compared to the cellulose fibers.