cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategic Leadership: A Multiorganizational-Level Perspective

The article reviews the book “Strategic Leadership: A Multiorganizational-Level Perspective,” edited by Robert L. Phillips and James G. Hunt.
An overlooked new species of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) from the Great Basin

Penstemon immanifestus, a new species from the Great Basin, is described and illustrated, and its distribution is mapped. Its relationship to other species of subgenus Penstemon, sect. Coerulei, is discussed.
Reading Liksom's Short Story "We Got Married" in Post-communist Estonia

In her paper, "Reading Liksom's Short Story 'We Got Married' in Post-communist Estonia," Malle Jarve discusses the reception of Rosa Liksom's text in post-communist Estonia. After gaining independence, Estonians became exposed to varieties of literature including avant-garde texts which did not fit easily with the expectations and rules of interpretation developed during Soviet rule. Based on data collected in 1993 and 1998, Jarve focuses on the cultural repertoire (discourses, stereotypes, values, literary expectations, etc.) used by readers while constructing meaning to the text, perceived predominantly as foreign/Other. Jarve's objective is an attempt to explain: 1) who/what the Other in the text is and how "otherness" / "self" is identified socially and articulated in terms of gender roles, social class, nationality, etc., and 2) how the cultural repertoire/codes used and the contextualization of the text changed during the 1990s in Estonia. In the interpretations of Estonian readers in both samples, the traditional notions of gender roles as well as class-related and national distinctions/stereotypes played an important role. For example, the notion of "low life" in the text was often attributed to local Russians. Jarve's findings refer to a cultural model where achievement, education, moderation, good manners, social status, and other external and behavioral characteristics are highly valued. Of note is that the text caused less confusion for the readers in 1998 than in 1993 and that it was interpreted increasingly within an audio-visual frame of reference. She includes in her analysis Finnish respondents' data where a differentiation can be observed between Estonian and Finnish perceptions and responses to the short story. Malle Jarve, "Reading Liksom's Short Story 'We Got Married' in Post-communist Estonia" page 2 of 13 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 4.4 (2002):
A Dream About the Supervisor

SUMMARY. The present paper deals with the presentation of a dream about the supervisor undisguised. The dream coincides with the reversion of the patient's pathology during the terminating phase and necessitates the prolongation of therapy. The paper offered the opportunity to discuss the neglected transferences of trainees in psychotherapy towards their supervisor.
Differential modification of the phospholipid profile by transient ischemia in rat hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions

The hippocampal CA1 region is most susceptible to cerebral ischemia in both rodents and humans, whereas CA3 is remarkably resistant. Here, we investigated the possible role of membrane lipids in differential susceptibility in these regions. Transient ischemia was induced in rats via bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries and membrane lipids were analyzed by mass spectrometry. While lipid profile differences between the intact CA1 and CA3 were rather minor, ischemia caused significant pyramidal cell death with concomittant reduction of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogen and sphingomyelin only in CA1. The phospholipid loss was evenly distributed in most molecular species. Ischemia also significantly increased cell death mediator ceramides only in CA1. Our data suggests that differential susceptibility to ischemia between CA1 and CA3 is not linked to their unique phospholipid profile. Also, selective activation of phospholipase A2, which primarily releases polyunsaturated fatty acids, might not be characteristic to cell death in CA1.
Dispersive properties of two-level systems in an interacting medium

Abstract The contribution to the index of refraction which arises from the penetration of two-level alien atoms into an interacting medium is obtained from the self-consistent mean field theory developed earlier, and its implications about the self-focusing, self-defocusing, and anomalous dispersion of a coherent field are discussed.
Stereochemical model for proflavine intercalation in A-DNA

Linked-atom molecular modelling was employed to determine the steric and torsional requirements for intercalation of proflavine into a double-stranded region of DNA compatible with adjacent regions of cohelical A-DNA. The optimum intercalation conformation is characterized by the dihedral angles xi and psi becoming trans, with all sugars retaining the characteristics C3'-endo pucker. This extended conformation results in virtually no helical unwinding, suggesting it may be an appropriate model for an intercalative intermediary in mutagenesis by virtue of its similarity to standard helical DNA.
Barriers to measuring the effectiveness of drug policy

Efforts to measure the effectiveness of drug policy have proven arduous. The barriers encountered when attempting to measure the relevant constructs of concern are numerous and complex. Furthermore, the conclusions drawn from a specific analysis are contingent upon the measures utilized. The difficulties are further complicated by problems of conceptualization, definition, legal status, attribution, sampling bias and response bias. The focus of the present paper is to identify some of these potential barriers and offer some practical solutions.
Lying and intersubjective truth: A communication based approach to understanding lying

This project was undertaken as a response to a perceived deficiency regarding the role of communication in a large block of the phenomenological discourse on lying. The arguments presented here attempt to make the communication process an explicit, rather than an implicit component of this discussion. First, a ‘lie’ is explained as a communicative act that is identified by making a simple comparison between two contradictory realities, the reality presented by the lie, and some sort of ‘true’ reality. Existing discussions of lying are examined and judged to be deficient because they limit their explanations of this ‘true reality’ to subjective and objective standards of truth. Intersubjectivity is presented as an alternative truth standard, and it is argued that ‘lies’ can only be discovered and understood through a process of interpretation or negotiation (dialogue) by human interactants.
Microfilaments and the mechanism of light-triggered sperm release in ascidians

Abstract In nature, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis sheds spermatozoa at dawn; however, gravid individuals can be induced to spawn at any time by a 1-hr dark-adaptation period followed by 25-min exposure to 415–430 nm irradiation. Spawning can be induced similarly from a preparation of the isolated sperm duct. A combined light and electron microscopic study was initiated to define morphological aspects of the sperm duct complex and, if possible, elucidate the receptor and effector systems. Results of this investigation indicate that the duct is composed of a tubelike epithelium with a distal closure apparatus consisting of approximately 12 tubules encased by, but not in contact with, subepithelial pigmented cells. There are no nerve or muscle elements associated with the complex. A microfilament system oriented circumferentially about the major cell axis and closely allied with numerous small vesicles is present within epithelial cells along the main portion of the duct. A similar system, oriented along the major cell axis, occurs in epithelial cells of the distal tubules. The potential roles of these epithelial cells as both receptors and effectors of the spawning response is discussed, and an hypothesis is presented to account for the mechanism of light-triggered sperm release.
The Complexities of Elder Homelessness, a Shifting Political Landscape and Emerging Community Responses

Despite their growing numbers, homeless older adults remain largely invisible in society and there has been a pervasive lack of public focus on elder homelessness. In this article, we seek to shine light on this forgotten population and deepen understanding of difficult challenges they confront in regaining housing security. We also examine the shifting political climate regarding homelessness, particularly the enactment and subsequent reauthorizations of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, and how these shifts are influencing community responses to elder homelessness. Finally, future challenges and policy directions for breaking the cycle of elder homelessness in the U.S. are discussed.
Flutter and Limit-Cycle Oscillations for a Wing-Store Model with Freeplay

An experimental delta-wing/store model with freeplay has been designed and tested in the Duke wind tunnel. The wing structure is modeled theoretically using von Karman plate theory that accounts for geometric strain- displacement nonlinearities in the plate wing structure. A component modal analysis is used to derive the full structural equations of motion for the wing/store system. A linear three-dimensional time-domain vortex lattice aerodynamic model including a reduced-order model aerodynamic technique and a slender-body aerodynamic theory for the store are also used to investigate the nonlinear aeroelastic system. The effects of the freeplay gap, the span location of the store, and the initial conditions on the limit-cycle oscillations (LCO) are discussed. The correlations between the theory and experiment are good for the smaller LCO amplitudes, that is, for flow velocities slightly higher than the flutter velocity, but are not good for the larger LCO amplitudes, that is, higher flow velocities. The theoretical model needs to be improved to determine LCO response for larger-amplitude motions.
Selenoxanthones via Directed Metalations in 2-Arylselenobenzamide Derivatives

The reaction of N, N-diethyl 4-(N', N'-dimethylamino)-2-phenylselenobenzamide (7a), N, N-diethyl 4-methoxy-2-phenylselenobenzamide (7b), N, N-diethyl 4-(N', N'-dimethylamino)-2-[(3-(N, N-dimethylamino)phenylseleno]benzamide (7c), and N, N-diethyl 4-methoxy-2-(3-methoxyphenylseleno)-benzamide (7d) with excess lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) gave 2-N, N-(dimethylamino)-9H-selenoxanthone (9a), 2-methoxy-9H-selenoxanthone (9b), 2,7-bis-N, N-(dimethylamino)-9H-selenoxanthone (9c), and 2,5-dimethoxy-9H-selenoxanthone (9d) in 70%, 59%, 23%, and 90% isolated yields, respectively. N, N-Diethyl 2-phenylselenobenzamide (2-Se) gave no reaction with LDA, t-BuLi, MeLi, or lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide as base. Electron donation from the 4-substituent of benzamide derivatives 7a-7d may increase the directing ability of the carbonyl oxygen to metalate the 2-position of the arylseleno group.
When Do Elections Encourage Ideological Rigidity

Elected officials are commonly accused of being ideologically rigid, or failing to alter their positions in response to relevant policy information. We examine this phenomenon with a theory in which politicians have private information about their ideological leanings and expected policy consequences. The theory shows that in many circumstances the informational differences create a context in which elections induce ideological rigidity. Correspondingly, elections often fail to provide incentives for information-based moderation, in which both left- and right-leaning politicians become more likely to use policy information. These seemingly perverse incentives occur because politicians wish to signal that they share voters' leanings; indeed, the motivation to signal preference similarity can induce rigidity even when voters want politicians to be responsive to new information. We show that such incentives for rigidity are greater when voters have less information about policy and politicians' preferences, and discuss possible tests of these predictions.
Speech Impairment in the Postoperative Head and Neck Cancer Patient: Nurses’ and Patients’ Perceptions

Communication between postoperative head and neck cancer patients with speech impairment and their health care providers is challenging. These challenges emerge during a period when the patient must communicate needs related to symptoms such as pain or concerns of significance in the absence of the traditional communication process. Content analysis methods facilitated understanding of the perspective of the postoperative head and neck cancer patient experiencing pain and a speech impairment, and the examination of the nurses’ view in the assessment and management of this population. The authors identified self-report of pain as a critical component of pain assessment regardless of the presence of a speech impairment. Significant levels of frustration were associated with the nurses’ goal of addressing the pain management needs of the speech impaired and the patients’ pursuit of reporting the uniqueness of their pain experience.
Enhanced Myocardial Contractility and Increased Ca2+ Transport Function in Transgenic Hearts Expressing the Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase

In this study, we investigated whether the fast-twitch skeletal muscle sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport pump (SERCA1a) can functionally substitute the cardiac SERCA2a isoform and how its overexpression affects cardiac contractility. For this purpose, we generated transgenic (TG) mice that specifically overexpress SERCA1a in the heart, using the cardiac-specific alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Ectopic expression of SERCA1a resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in the amount of total SERCA protein. At the same time, the level of the endogenous SERCA2a protein was decreased by 50%, whereas the level of other muscle proteins, including calsequestrin, phospholamban, actin, and tropomyosin, remained unchanged. The steady-state level of SERCA phosphoenzyme intermediate was increased 2.5-fold, and the maximal velocity of Ca2+ uptake was increased 1.7-fold in TG hearts, demonstrating that the overexpressed protein is functional. Although the basal cytosolic calcium signal was decreased by 38% in TG cardiomyocytes, the amplitude of cytosolic calcium signal was increased by 71.8%. The rate of calcium resequestration was also increased in TG myocytes, which was reflected by a 51.6% decrease in the normalized time to 80% decay of calcium signal. This resulted in considerably increased peak rates of myocyte shortening and relengthening (50.0% and 66.6%, respectively). Cardiac functional analysis using isolated work-performing heart preparations revealed significantly faster rates of contraction and relaxation in TG hearts (41.9% and 39.5%, respectively). The time to peak pressure and the time to half-relaxation were shorter (29.1% and 32.7%, respectively). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the SERCA1a pump can functionally substitute endogenous SERCA2a, and its overexpression significantly enhances Ca2+ transport and contractile function of the myocardium. These results also demonstrate that the SERCA pump level is a critical determinant of cardiac contractility.
Cardiac Electrophysiologic Effects of 9‐Deoxydoxorubicin

Electrophysiology of 9-Deoxydoxorubicin.Introduction: The purpose of this investigation was to use standard microelectrode techniques to study the actions of the anthracycline antibiotic, 9-deoxydoxorubicin (9-DOD), on cellular electrophysiologic properties of canine Purkinje fibers and on ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) in intact dogs. Methods and Results: 9-DOD, 1-5 μM, suppressed delayed afterdepolarizations and prolonged repolarization and the effective refractory period in Purkinje fibers. It had no effect on maximum diastolic potential, Vmax of phase 0, or action potential overshoot through a 10 μM concentration. Although 9-DOD did augment early afterdepolarizations (EAD) induced by cesium, it did not induce EAD. In six of eight intact dogs with ouabain-induced VT, 9-DOD, 0.32-1.28 mg/m2 IV, brought conversion to sinus or junctional rhythm. In its cellular and intact animal antiarrhythmic actions, 9-DOD is about 50 times more potent than the parent compound, doxorubicin. Like doxorubicin, it is highly selective for delayed afterdepolarization-induced rhythms, suppressing these at concentrations lower than those required to reduce the rate of automatic rhythms. Moreover, it has a greater Class III action than doxorubicin and prolongs the duration of normal and calcium-induced (slow response) action potentials. Hence, this subtle variation on the doxorubicin molecule adds greatly to the antiarrhythmic action of the drug. Conclusions: Although useful as an investigative tool, clinical development of 9-DOD as an antiarrhythmic is not possible because the antitumor activity of the parent compound, which results in lipid peroxidation and cardiotoxicity, persists.
The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of a stratified, saline, sulfide lake in Palau1

Eil Malk Jellyfish Lake in Palau is a 5-ha, 30-m deep, meromictic saline lake, stratified, with anoxic hypolimnion, damped, delayed tides, and no heat accumulation. The top 15 m are oxygenated, nutrient-poor but turbid, with high primary productivity and large planktonic populations of only five metazoans: the medusae Mastigias and Aurelia, the copepods Oithonu. and Ac~ocuZu~s, and silverside fish, Prunesus. At the chemocline a floating bacterial plate dominated by photosynthetic purple bacteria (Chromatium) degrades and solubilizes almost all particulate material and absorbs all sunlight. Below the plate the anoxic, clear water contains extremely high levels of NH,+, H,S, and PO,“-. Sediments are primarily undisturbed fish fecal pellets full of copepod exoskeletons. The lake is stable, aseasonal, and shows no obvious cycles of the populations. An unusual horizontal and vertical swimming behavior of Mastigias appears related to light and to the nutrient requirements of its symbiotic zooxanthellae. Other zooplankton show normal vertical diurnal migration patterns. Facultative schooling by Prunesus reflects the absence of predators in the lake.
Uses Of Raman Scattering For Remote Sensing Of Atmospheric Properties Of Meteorological Significance

A brief historical review of Raman scattering as applied to remote sensing in the atmosphere is given. Recent data on relevant cross sections are tabulated. System performance characteristics of some of the more important measurements of the Raman lidar are reviewed and compared with experimental results to date. Comparisons are made with alternative methods of atmospheric probing with particular emphasis on differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system performance. System performance capabilities are reassessed on the basis of the latest available hardware and a near-term outlook is projected.
Filoviral haemorrhagic fevers

Sensationalised accounts of wards of dying patients have fueled intense public fascination with filoviruses and highlighted the global threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Filoviruses are the prototypical emerging pathogens: they cause a haemorrhagic disease of high case-fatality associated with explosive outbreaks due to person-to-person transmission, have no known treatment, occur unpredictably, and have an unknown reservoir. In truth, since their initial discovery in 1967, only a handful of filoviral outbreaks have occurred, mostly in remote locations. However, the documented occurrence of secondary cases in locations far from endemic areas validates the concern that filoviruses have the potential to cause unprecedented outbreaks in the future.
Information Accessed or Information Available? The Impact on Consumer Preferences Inferred at a Durable Product E-commerce Website

Most previous choice modeling research infers preferences by assuming that consumers consider all the information available at the point-of-purchase. Because e-commerce sites increasingly incorporate tracking technologies that can monitor consumer behavior on their site, our research studies how incorporating the information accessed by consumers into a choice model impacts model performance and inferred preferences. We use data from an electronic goods manufacturer that monitored the attribute information accessed by 582 shoppers while they made Customize and Buy decisions at the firm's website. We find that incorporating the information accessed by consumers into the choice model provides more valid estimates of attribute preferences and better fitting choice models than models based on information available. Because firms can easily obtain this type of information as a by-product of their online operations, we propose that managers who monitor information acquisition and apply the information accessed model will have a useful methodology to gain a better understanding of consumer preferences.
A matched-resolution wide aspect-ratio HDTV system

A fully NTSC-compatible two-channel wide-aspect-ratio high-definition television (HDTV) system with equal vertical and horizontal resolutions is described. The wideband Y, I, Q components are spectrally split into low-frequency and high-frequency bands. However, only the low-frequency components are spatially split into center and edge segments. The low-frequency edge signals are NTSC encoded and decoded using the existing hardware for the compatible center signals. The proposed system produces minimal crossluminance and crosschrominance, and provides equal edge and center resolutions. >
Support of a Problem-Based Learning Curriculum by Basic Science Faculty

Although published reports describe benefits to students of learning in a problem-based, student-centered environment, questions have persisted about the excessive faculty time commitments associated with the implementation of PBL pedagogy. The argument has been put forward that the excessive faculty costs of such a curriculum cannot be justified based upon the potential benefits to students. However, the magnitude of the faculty time commitment to a PBL curriculum to support the aforementioned argument is not clear to us and we suspect that it is also equally unclear to individuals charged with making resource decisions supporting the educational efforts of the institution. Therefore, to evaluate this cost - benefit question, we analyzed the actual basic science faculty time commitment in a hybrid PBL curriculum during the first phase 18 months of undergraduate medical education. The results of this analysis do demonstrate an increase in faculty time commitments but do not support the argument that PBL pedagogy is excessively costly in terms of faculty time. For the year analyzed in this report, basic science faculty members contributed on average of 27.4 hours to the instruction of medical students. The results of the analysis did show significant contributions (57% of instructional time) by the clinical faculty during the initial 18 months of medical school. In addition, the data revealed a four-fold difference between time commitments of the four basic science departments. We conclude that a PBL curriculu m does not place unreasonable demands on the time of basic science faculty. The demands on clinical faculty, in the context of their other commitments, could not be evaluated. Moreover, this type of analysis provides a tool that can be used to make faculty resource allocation decisions fairly.
Integrating Sensing and Information Processing in an Electrical and Computer Engineering undergraduate curriculum

The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University has completed a full-scale redesign of its undergraduate program based on the theme of Integrated Sensing and Information Processing. This theme provides a coherent, overarching framework that links principles of ECE to each other and to real-world engineering problems. The cornerstone of the new ECE curriculum, Fundamentals of Electrical and Computer Engineering, has been designed to provide students with a holistic view of ECE and as a roadmap for the remainder of the curriculum. Each of four follow-on core courses integrates lateral and vertical connections to other courses through the use of thematic examples. Following the five core courses are seven ECE technical electives that include a theme-based culminating design course. Early and pervasive experiences with open-ended design and project-based learning are primary objectives of the curriculum redesign. Regression analyses of course/instructor evaluation data and descriptions of student design project complexity after the curriculum redesign are presented indicating a positive impact of the curriculum redesign on student learning.
Determining Parasitoid Species Composition in a Host Population: A Molecular Approach

Larvae of closely related parasitoid taxa often lack morphological differences that can be used for species level identification. Determining the parasitoid species present in a host population may require rearing, often a time-consuming process. To monitor field parasitism rates by several species of Peristenus wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) that are natural enemies of Lygus (Heteroptera: Miridae), we have developed a two-step molecular approach. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the COI gene with wasp-targeting primers is performed on DNA extracted from a Lygus nymph and the parasitoid larva (if any) therein. A positive reaction indicates parasitoid presence. A restriction digest of the PCR product then indicates which parasitoid species is present among known alternatives, and a diagnosis is achieved in days rather than weeks or months.
Excessive testing of adults with type 2 diabetes

Our fondness for treating numbers is harming patients When I began my medical training in 1980, I commonly encountered patients whose bodies were ravaged by end stage complications of diabetes. These patients often had marked visual impairment, debilitating neuropathy, myopathies, and diabetes related renal insufficiency, well before age 65 years. I still occasionally see such individuals, but they are rare, and tend to come from the 10-15% of patients who still have poor glycemic control. Improvement in diabetes care is a medical success story, but increasing evidence suggests that overly aggressive treatment is an under-appreciated problem. In a linked study,1 McCoy and colleagues report that a cohort of patients with excellent glycemic control of their type 2 diabetes received glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring that exceeded recommended guidelines, and that this excessive testing was associated with excessive treatment. These results are yet another example of how prone our profession is to taking useful tests and treatments to excess. The common belief that there is “no harm in looking” continues to result in not just waste, but also palpable patient harm. The temptation to treat suboptimal numbers too often overrules more judicious judgments based on …
Development and Commercialization of a Complete Vineyard Mechanization System

A major research thrust of the University of Arkansas Enology and Viticulture Program for the past 37 years has been the development of a total vineyard mechanization system. This new system allows the mechanization of almost all practices in vineyard operations, including dormant and summer pruning, leaf removal, shoot and fruit thinning, canopy management, and harvesting while fruit quality is maintained or enhanced. Research efforts aimed to accomplish these tasks on the 12 major trellising systems used throughout the industry and to derive plans for the sequencing and timing of operations on each of the trellis systems. In 2002, the University of Arkansas patented the Morris-Oldridge Vineyard Mechanization System (M-O System). OXBO International Corp., Clear Lake, WI, purchased the patent and market M-O System components under the name Korvan Vineyard System. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanized (machine-farmed) pruning, shoot thinning, and fruit thinning using the M-O System vs. traditional methods of canopy management using hand labor (hand-farmed) in a commercial Vitis vinifera vineyard in the central coast region of California. V. vinifera cultivars evaluated included Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, and Syrah trellised on a lyre system and Merlot, Zinfandel, and Sangiovese trellised on a vertical shoot-positioned (VSP) system. Yield, fruit growth, fruit composition, wine quality, wine sensory attributes, and economics of mechanization were evaluated on machine- and hand-farmed grapes. Mechanized studies were initiated at French Camp Vineyards, Santa Margarita, CA, in 2002. French Camp Vineyards used a balanced cropping concept which incorporated three operations: 1) machine dormant pruning, 2) machine shoot thinning, and 3) machine fruit thinning. Results of research from 2002 to 2005 showed that yield and quality characteristics of machine-farmed grapes were not statistically different from those of hand-farmed grapes for the V. vinifera cultivars in this study. Wines from each cultivar and treatment were produced at a commercial winery and after appropriate aging, were sensory-evaluated by a professional wine analysis service. Few sensory differences were found between wines from the two farming systems. Further objective analyses of the wine components showed no commercially practical differences. In 2006, cost estimates were derived for the three vineyard activities necessary to achieve balanced cropping. Use of machine farming for balanced cropping operations resulted in savings over hand farming of 45% on the lyre trellis, 49% on the VSP system, and 62% on the quadrilateral trellis for the operations studied. Studies of mechanization of vineyard activities using the M-O System to achieve balanced cropping have shown that grapes and their wines were equivalent to those obtained using hand labor for these operations with the added benefit of cost savings for the operations evaluated.
Perceptual coherence as an analytic for procedural music and audio mappings in virtual space

Real-time data generated by virtual actors and their mediated interactions in simulated space can be repurposed to dynamically generate sound and music. Procedural audio and music systems afford interaction designers, composers and sound artists the opportunity to create tight couplings between the visual and auditory modalities. Designing procedural mapping schemata can become problematic when players or observers are presented with audio-visual events within novel environments wherein the validity of their own prior knowledge and learned expectations about sound, image and interactivity are put into question. This paper presents the results of a user-study measuring users’ perceptions of audio-visual crossmodal correspondences between low-level attributes of motion and sound. Study results were analyzed using the Bradley-Terry statistical model, effectively calculating the relative contribution of each crossmodal attribute within each attribute pairing to the perceived coherence or ’fit’ between audio and visual data.
The First Freedom Line: The Untold Story of American Indian Underground Railroad Activities During the Antebellum Period (Aiding Fugitive Enslaved African Americans Escape to Freedom in Canada 1820-1865)

There is considerable historical evidence of the adoption and incorporation of formerly enslaved Africans and African Americans by American Indian Nations in the pre-Civil War era in the United States. Traditional United States history texts focus mainly on descriptive accounts of interactions between the two ethnic groups with marginal introspection and analysis of the motivation and social political ramifications of these encounters. In addition to incorporation by adoption or intermarriage, some American Indian societies engaged, at some risk of retaliation by the invading colonists, in sheltering and assisting fugitive African Americans escape enslavement to freedom in the northern colonies and Canada. This Dissertation examines within an interdisciplinary context, the political psychological, historical interaction and cultural social behavior between these similarly oppressed people. Also explored are the theoretical rationales for American Indian people and nations to become involved in this social political conflict of the colonial settlers. This work also uncovers the historical development and operations of a parallel underground railroad for fugitive enslaved blacks conducted by American Indians omitted in the colonized historical accounts of slavery resistance efforts in the early American developing society.
Global Hemp Prohibition and American Foreign Policy

From the 1960s to the present, hemp production has severely declined throughout the world. In May 30, 1961, the Single Convention on Narcotics was signed by 73 states, creating a comprehensive global control regime for opium, coca, and cannabis, the first global treaty of its kind. Initiated by the United States, the convention represented the culmination of over 50 years of international diplomacy to bring global narcotics under a single prohibitive framework. Article 28 of the convention explicitly exempts the production of cannabis “exclusively for industrial purposes (fibre and seed) or horticultural purposes,” yet after a spike shortly after 1961, hemp production experienced a significant decline. Why did hemp production begin to decline in production after the implementation of a global drug prohibition regime that had banned cannabis, hemp's close cousin of hemp?
Analytical Solution for Electronic Assemblies Under Vibration

An analytical solution using Ritz method for the electronic assembly vibration problem has been presented in detail. In this solution, a special treatment for plate-mounted-on-standoffs boundary conditions scheme was required, and hence described. Also, a simple equation for estimating ball grid array (BGA) solder joint axial stiffness was developed. The results of the analytical solution were validated with modal analysis measurements and finite element (FE) models data in terms of natural frequencies and mode shapes. Then, the analytical solution was used to estimate the most critical solder joint deformations and stresses. Finally, the so developed solution provided an effective tool to examine the effect of several geometric and material configurations of electronic package structure on the fatigue performance of electronic products under mechanical vibration loadings.
Integrating Formal and Informal Social Care: A Conceptual Framework

Social services in the US and elsewhere are experiencing a paradigm shift. This shift involves a move from a personalistic to an 'ecological perspec tive' on human development as well as a shift from an almost exclusive preoccupation with 'formal' (professional) helping to a growing recogni tion of the importance of'informal (lay) helping' for clients in need for help (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Garbarino, 1981; Whittaker and Garbarino, 1983). Interest in the relationship between formal and informal helping in social services springs from diverse sources:
Tenure Buyouts: Capital Gain Treatment

In the increasingly common case where a faculty member accepts a buyout of tenure rights toward the end of his or her career, an interesting tax question arises. Does the relinquishment of tenure involve a "sale or exchange" of a capital asset, qualifying for long-term capital gains treatment? Or should the transaction be viewed as one generating ordinary income to "replace" normal compensation that would otherwise be received in the future?Tax Court dicta indicate that the compensation received should be reported as ordinary gross income. But statutory and judicial law effective since the Tax Court decision support an interpretation that some portion of the benefits constitute a payment for a property right, triggering capital gain treatment, a much more taxpayer-friendly result.An analogy to the capital gain result may be found elsewhere in the Code, suggesting the authors’ position that the tenure buyout represents at least in part the payment for the exchange of an asset.
Evaluation of biliary copper excretion in a rat model of Wilson's disease by PET imaging with 64Cu-asialofetuin

1544 Objectives To determine whether liver targeting of 64Cu via radiolabled asialofetuin (ASF) binding to the hepatocyte-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor could be used to determine hepatobiliary excretion of copper in Wilson’s disease (WD). Methods 50 μg of asialofetuin (ASF) was incubated with 50 mM of dithiothereitol and 185 - 200 MBq 64Cu for 15 min in HEPES buffer pH 7.4. The complex was purified using G-25 sepahdex column and labeling efficiency was determined. 3.7 -5.5 MBq of 64Cu-ASF was injected via tail vein in two groups of rats (n=4 each): healthy Long Evans Agouti (LEA) and homozygous Long Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats WD gene mutant. Bile was collected for the first hour and percent 64Cu excreted was determined. Two additional groups of rats, LEA and LEC, (n=3 each ) were injected with 64Cu-ASF and underwent serial 2 min microPET imaging for 1hr. A region of interest was drawn over the liver using ASI Pro VM software and a time-activity curve was generated. Time to peak hepatic activity and remaining percent peak activity at 1 hour were determined. Results 64Cu complexed to ASF with a labeling efficiency >98%. In LEA rats the complex was taken up by the liver and 20±3% of 64Cu-ASF was excreted in bile at 1 hour. In LEC rats the complex was taken up by the liver, but there was no biliary excretion. MicroPET data showed that, in LEA rats, the time to peak (Tp) liver activity was 14±6 min minutes. The percent of peak hepatic activity remaining at 60min was 74 ± 4. In LEC rats, hepatic activity progressively increased over the 60 minutes. Conclusions Asialoglycoprotein can be labeled efficiently with 64Cu. 64Cu-ASF PET imaging potentially could be useful for noninvasive diagnosis of Wilson’s Disease
Modifying Polycrystalline Films Through Ion Channelling

A novel low-temperature process to enhance the grain size of a polycrystalline film on an amorphous substrate has been previously reported. In this process, ion implantation is used to selectively anorphize the film, and undamaged grains act as seed crystals in a subsequent low-temperature anneal. In this work, a 120 nm polycrystalline silicon film was implanted from three angles with phosphorous at 150°K. The total dose was l.0×l0 15 /cm 2 . Transmission electron micrographs after a partial anneal (700°C for 30 minutes) indicate that some crystallites survived implantation due to ion channelling in the (111) plane. After a 60 minute anneal at 700°C, 7 μm grains were observed.
Multiple phase transitions in CuO observed with thermal expansion

High-resolution thermal-expansion measurements of single-crystalline CuO (tenorite) are reported for the temperature range $5lTl350$ K. The data reveal three transitions (${T}_{N1}$ $=$ 213 K, ${T}_{N2}$ $=$ 229.2 K, and ${T}_{N3}$ $=$ 229.8 K), which corroborate the recently proposed magnetic phase diagram [Villarreal, Quirion, Plumer, Poirier, Usui, and Kimura, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 167206 (2012)] revealing three distinct antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases. Analysis of the region surrounding ${T}_{N2}$ and ${T}_{N3}$ suggests that these phase transitions are continuous and yields estimates for the heat-capacity critical exponents of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{{T}_{N2}}$ $=$ 0.033(2) and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{{T}_{N3}}$ $=$ 0.040(9). Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal spin-flop transitions at temperatures below ${T}_{N1}$, confirming that the $b$ axis is the easy AFM axis.
CS-34EVIDENCE FOR OLIGODENDROCYTE ORIGINS OF PEDIATRIC GLIOMA

Malignant astrocytoma is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. We have reported that activating mutations of serine/threonine protein kinase BRAF are present in 10 ∼ 20% of pediatric glioma grade II-IV and are often accompanied by concomitant homozygous deletion of CDKN2A. In a de novo mouse model bearing similar genetic mutations (hGFAP-cre; BrafV600E(+/-); Ink-Arf−/-), we observed prolonged, increased and preferential proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor (OLPs) versus astrocytes in the pre-cancerous state. These proliferative OLPs express several known cancer stem cell markers including Olig2, Sox2, Mash-1 and SSEA-1, suggesting further parallels with progenitors for pediatric glioma formation. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of Olig2 (P-Olig2) is associated with oncogenicity in adult glioma orthoptopic graphs. BrafV600E-activated OLPs express high levels of P-Olig2. A kinase inhibitor screen identified that GSK-3β and CK-II phosphorylate Olig2 in BrafV600E-driven neurospheres. Inhibition of CK-II resulted in decreased in P-Olig2 levels and OLP proliferation rate in vivo. Further pre-clinical studies are underway to validate the possible drugability of CK-II inhibitor and dual kinase inhibitor treatment with BrafV600E inhibitor. Our work suggests that OLPs may serve as cells-of-origin for pediatric glioma and that a inhibitor therapy targeted against P-Olig2 in Braf-driven pediatric glioma might have therapeutic benefit.
Autobiographies in Organizational Research: Using Leaders’ Life Stories in a Triangulated Research Design

Obtaining deep-level insights into the thoughts, actions, and emotions of organizational leaders can pose significant challenges to organizational scholars. Fortunately, a promising but largely untapped resource to provide such insights exists—autobiographies. We begin by providing an overview of autobiographies as a data source, including their benefits and limitations. We then discuss where autobiographies could contribute to theory development in organizational research, highlighting the areas of strategic leadership and entrepreneurship, identity, and sensemaking. To provide direction on how to incorporate these texts into a research design, we provide several research ideas and guidelines about how autobiographies could be used in a triangulated research design. We illustrate their use in a recent study conducted among craft entrepreneurs to confirm existing findings and document a series of planned studies using autobiographies to explore new findings. Together, the study, although focusing on autob...
Step identification of synchronous generator parameters based on sensitivity analysis

Analysis indicates that different parameters of synchronous generator have different trajectory sensitivity and average sensitivity features in different disturbances,based on which,a step identification strategy of synchronous generator parameters is proposed.It decouples the impact of generator parameters and finds the best disturbance mode to identify the parameter which has the maximal sensitivity to it.A simplified step identification strategy is presented,which only involves 3 kinds of test:step-down,pulse and short circuit.The simulative results show that,better than the traditional parameter identification,the proposed strategy solves the problems existing in the multi-parameter identification and the identification of parameter with lower sensitivity,especially when the identification accuracy of transient and sub-transient parameters is low.
Understanding deverbal nominals: World knowledge or lexical semantics?

The paper investigates how speakers understand constructions with deverbal nominals, i.e. nominals such as destruction that are morphologically related to verbs. Specifically, given the expression the enemy’s destruction, how do the speakers decide whether the possessive argument is the entity that initiates the action (agent) or the entity that is causally affected by the event (patient)? The results of an experimental study show that this choice is dependent on the lexical semantics of the nominal. The theoretical implication is that deverbal nominals are similar to verbs in that they have argument structure. By studying comprehension of deverbal nominals the current study extends the scope of previous experimental work on lexical semantics that has been primarily concerned with verbs.
Renal Angiomyolipoma: Diagnosis by Combined Ultrasound and Computerized Tomography

A case is presented of a 2 cm. renal angiomyolipoma. Computerized tomography demonstrated a region of low attenuation coefficient within this tumor, while B-mode ultrasound visualizes the tumor as a cluster of high amplitude echoes. The diagnosis of a renal angiomylipoma may be suspected preoperatively when this combination of findings is present with computerized tomography and ultrasound.
GStreamMiner: A GPU-accelerated Data Stream Mining Framework

Due to the continuous, unbounded, and dynamic characteristics of the streaming data, mining data streams becomes a very challenging task. When analyzing online data streams, it is necessary to produce accurate results in a very short amount of time. The parallel processing power of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) can be used to accelerate the processing and produce results in a timely manner. In this paper, we present GStreamMiner, a GPU-accelerated data stream mining framework and demonstrate its application using outlier detection over continuous streaming data as a case study. The demo software provides a visual interface which is continuously get updated with new results as the data stream progresses. It also facilitates the users to compare the performance of the GPU and CPU versions of the outlier detection algorithm.
A robust elastic and partial matching metric for face recognition

We present a robust elastic and partial matching metric for face recognition. To handle challenges such as pose, facial expression and partial occlusion, we enable both elastic and partial matching by computing a part based face representation. In which N local image descriptors are extracted from densely sampled overlapping image patches. We then define a distance metric where each descriptor in one face is matched against its spatial neighborhood in the other face and the minimal distance is recorded. For implicit partial matching, the list of all minimal distances are sorted in ascending order and the distance at the αN-th position is picked up as the final distance. The parameter 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 controls how much occlusion, facial expression changes, or pixel degradations we would allow. The optimal parameter values of this new distance metric are extensively studied and identified with real-life photo collections. We also reveal that filtering the face image by a simple difference of Gaussian brings significant robustness to lighting variations and beats the more utilized self-quotient image. Extensive evaluations on face recognition benchmarks show that our method is leading or is competitive in performance when compared to state-of-the-art.
Youth, Media and Culture in the Arab World

Traditionally, Arab society dealt with youth in a superficial and slightly condescending manner’, an Arab columnist wrote recently, ‘offering the occasional sports club and scout troop, a usually underfunded and dysfunctional govemment ministry or organization for youth issues, and a correspondingly noncredible occasional speech by a highranking official stressing that youths are the promise of the future'(Khouri, 2005). In light of this somber diagnosis with which many analysts of the Arab world would concur, it appears paradoxical that, today, Arab youth is at the center of some of the most important and controversial debates, from the impact of Western modernity on gender roles and social relations to consumerism and radical political violence. The scope of these debates transcends the borders of the 22 states making up the Arab world in a post September 11, 2001, environment where Arab youth has become a site that is contested both internally and externally. Young Arab women and men are simultaneously subjected to competing and oftentimes conflicting messages from their parents, educational and religious institutions, the vibrant Arab satellite television industry, 'public diplomacy' from the USA, Iran and others, and the interlocking economic, technological and cultural forces of globalization. Disciplines Communication This book chapter is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/307