cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypomethylated sequences: characterization of the duplicate soybean genome.

Soybean is believed to be a diploidized tetraploid generated from an allotetraploid ancestor. In this study, we used hypomethylated genomic DNA as a source of probes to investigate the genomic structure and methylation patterns of duplicated sequences. Forty-five genomic clones from Phaseolus vulgaris and 664 genomic clones from Glycine max were used to examine the duplicated regions in the soybean genome. Southern analysis of genomic DNA using probes from both sources revealed that greater than 15% of the hypomethylated genomic regions were only present once in the soybean genome. The remaining ca. 85% of the hypomethylated regions comprise duplicated or middle repetitive DNA sequences. If only the ratio of single to duplicate probe patterns is considered, it appears that 25% of the single-copy sequences have been lost. By using a subset of probes that only detected duplicated sequences, we examined the methylation status of the homeologous genomes with the restriction enzymes MspI and HpaII. We found that in all cases both copies of these regions were hypomethylated, although there were examples of low-level methylation. It appears that duplicate sequences are being eliminated in the diploidization process. Our data reveal no evidence that duplicated sequences are being “silenced” by inactivation correlated with methylation patterns.
Challenges to Western Participation in Shaping the Urban Landscape of Post-Socialist St. Petersburg: The Failure of International Competitions for Iconic Architectural Projects

The paper, based on a series of interviews in St. Petersburg conducted in 2009 and 2010 by an American geographer, discusses the failure of major iconic architectural projects awarded to Western firms through international architectural competitions. The projects, sought by Russian government and business leaders to enhance the city's re-emerging global status, are viewed as likely examples of diminished Western participation in the shaping of St. Petersburg's iconic urban landscape. The author attributes the failure to financial setbacks, and primarily also to a recalcitrant bureaucracy, red tape, overly strict building codes and regulations, corruption as well as negative reaction by local residents and media outlets.
Resistance to α-amylase digestion in four native high-amylose maize starches.

ABSTRACT Native and processed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) is an important source of resistant starch (RS). The objectives of this work were to use an in vitro procedure to estimate the RS content of native granules from a series of ae-containing HAMS genotypes, and to examine the nature of the α-amylase resistant starch (ARS). By the method of Englyst et al (1992), RS for ae V, ae VII, ae su2, and ae du were estimated to be 66.0, 69.5, 69.5, and 40.6%, respectively. By transmission electron microscopy, most of the residual granules from ae V, ae VII, and ae su2 showed little evidence of digestion. Partially digested granules had a radial digestion pattern in the interior and an enzyme-resistant layer near the surface. Size and chain-length profile of constituents of ARS were similar to those of the native HAMS (unlike type 3 RS), consistent with complete hydrolysis in susceptible granule regions. Between crossed polarizers, many iodine-stained native and residual HAMS granules had blue centers and pi...
STUDIES TOWARDS NEOGLYCOCONJUGATES FROM THE MONOSACCHARIDE DETERMINANT OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE O:1, SEROTYPE OGAWA USING THE DIETHYL SQUARATE REAGENT

Abstract The effect of reaction time, concentration and molar excess of hapten upon the efficiency of the conjugation of carbohydrates to proteins using the diethyl squarate reagent has been studied using chicken serum albumin (CSA) as the carrier protein and a linker-equipped d -glucose derivative as the hapten. A high degree of incorporation of the latter into CSA was achieved with high efficiency, and the use of a large excess of the ligand was not necessary. Conjugation of the immunodominant monosaccharide determinant of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotype Ogawa, bearing the same spacer, followed a similar pattern, showing that the nature of the carbohydrate does not substantially affect the outcome of the conjugation and that a predicted degree of antigen-loading onto carrier protein is possible to achieve.
The Colorado IUE active galaxy survey. I - Blazars

This paper presents consistently reduced UV continuum flux densities amd spectra indices derived from all 499 usable archived IUE observations of blazars made through mid-1991. The extraction of 1D spectra and the measurement of spectral parameters are discussed. A detailed error analysis is presented, including a discussion of the difference in the calibration between the IUE long- and short-wavelength cameras. The resulting data are presented in tabular and graphical form and are available by electronic mail as well. These results will be most useful for variability studies, but can also be used to characterize the broad-band energy distributions and to compare blazar properties with those of other AGN. This is the first in a series of papers, in which extracted spectral parameters will be published for the over 4500 spectra of AGN in the IUE archives.
Post-Newtonian SPH calculations of binary neutron star coalescence: Method and first results

We present the first results from our post-Newtonian (PN) smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code, which has been used to study the coalescence of binary neutron star (NS) systems. The Lagrangian particle-based code incorporates consistently all lowest-order (1PN) relativistic effects, as well as gravitational radiation reaction, the lowest-order dissipative term in general relativity. We test our code on sequences of single NS models of varying compactness, and we discuss ways to make PN simulations more relevant to realistic NS models. We also present a PN SPH relaxation procedure for constructing equilibrium models of synchronized binaries, and we use these equilibrium models as initial conditions for our dynamical calculations of binary coalescence. Though unphysical, since tidal synchronization is not expected in NS binaries, these initial conditions allow us to compare our PN work with previous Newtonian results. We compare calculations with and without 1PN effects, for NS with stiff equations of state, modeled as polytropes with $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=3.$ We find that 1PN effects can play a major role in the coalescence, accelerating the final inspiral and causing a significant misalignment in the binary just prior to final merging. In addition, the character of the gravitational wave signal is altered dramatically, showing strong modulation of the exponentially decaying wave form near the end of the merger. We also discuss briefly the implications of our results for models of gamma-ray bursts at cosmological distances.
Utilization of monoclonal antibody-targeted nanomaterials in the treatment of cancer

Due to their excellent specificity for a single epitope, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) present a means of influencing the function of cells at the molecular level. In particular they show great promise in the treatment of cancer because they can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasiveness and malignant spread of cancerous cells. Many mAbs are in various stages of testing and 11 are currently marketed in the US or Europe for the treatment of cancers that express particular antigens such as human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, CD20, epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Strategies to conjugate mAbs to toxins, radioactive isotopes and chemotherapeutic drugs to improve efficacy are under intense investigation and numerous immunoconjugates have been studied in the clinical setting. However, the molecules have limitations, and so nanomaterials (NMs), which potentially offer more flexibility of design and functionality in providing platforms for binding of multiple therapeutic agents in a single structure, are being examined as an alternative. Studies utilizing mAb-targeted NMs have shown that they exhibit focused targeting, improved pharmacokinetics and improved "passive" drug delivery via leaky vasculature. Nevertheless, before they can be utilized to treat cancer, potential NM toxicity must be thoroughly investigated. Thus, rigorous testing of NM-mAb conjugates in both in vitro and in vivo systems is underway to determine how NM-mAb conjugates will interact with cells and tissues of the body. In this review, we discuss the broad range of nanomaterials that are under investigation as potential platforms for the presentation of mAbs either as single therapeutics or in combination with other drugs and their advantages and limitations in specifically targeting cancer.
Cuticular hydrocarbons ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) and their role as potential species- and caste-recognition cues.

The cuticular hydrocarbon components of four castes ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) have been identified and quantitated. Components identified includen-alkanes; 2-, 3-, 11-, 13-, and 15-methyl-alkanes; 11,15-dimethylalkanes, (Z)-9-alkenes; (Z,Z)-7,9-dienes; and (E/Z)-6,9-dienes ranging in carbon number from C21 to C40. All caste forms ofR.virginicus contained the same components, but showed caste-specific proportions. Comparison of these hydrocarbons with those of the sympatric termiteR. flavipes (Kollar) suggest that cuticular hydrocarbons might serve as species- and caste-recognition cues. A bioassay was developed to test this species-recognition hypothesis, with the experimental results supporting the hypothesis.
Electronic correlations and unconventional spectral weight transfer in the high-temperature pnictide BaFe(2-x)Co(x)As(2) superconductor using infrared spectroscopy.

We report an infrared optical study of the pnictide high-temperature superconductor ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{1.84}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.16}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ and its parent compound ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$. We demonstrate that electronic correlations are moderately strong and do not change across the spin-density wave transition or with doping. By examining the energy scale and direction of spectral weight transfer, we argue that Hund's coupling $J$ is the primary mechanism that gives rise to correlations.
Design Guidelines for a Novel Tapered Drain Line Distributed Power Amplifier

In this paper, the analysis, design, and measured results of a novel tapered drain line distributed power amplifier are presented. The prototype tapered drain line distributed power amplifier has a gain of 10 dB, power-added-efficiency of about 24%, and output power of about 18dBm, over a 4.5 GHz bandwidth. The drain line impedance tapering technique is shown to significantly increase the efficiency and output power of a distributed amplifier. The topology of the tapered drain line distributed power amplifier is suitable for monolithic implementation.
Localization of Cyclic GMP and Cyclic AMP in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle: Immunocytochemical Demonstration

When rat cardiac and skeletal muscle are explored by immunocytochemical procedures designed to show sites of localization of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP), distinct staining patterns for the two nucleotides are seen. Antibody to cyclic AMP is found in the area of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, while antibody to cyclic GMP is found with a periodic distribution corresponding to that of the A band. This suggests a role for cyclic GMP in the regulation of myosin.
Morphological description of coating cracks in SiC coated carbon-carbon composites

Abstract Thermal expansion mismatch between silicon carbide coatings on carbon-carbon composites creates a complex pattern of microcracks in the coatings. A better understanding of the mechanics and environmental performance of these coatings requires an improved ability to quantify the coating crack morphology. The work described here proposes and measures a variety of coating crack descriptions, such as crack type, spacing, width, cell area, and cell feret orientation. Characterization has been done from a section view and a plan view. Specialized specimen preparation techniques and computer-aided image analysis approaches were developed to make the measurements feasible. Data from a multilayer chemical vapor deposited SiC coated carbon-carbon composite illustrate the techniques. From the section views it is found that about 67% of the cracks do not penetrate to the surface of the specimen. From the plan view it is found that the crack pattern is systematically influenced by the underlying weave geometry of the cloth reinforcement. This result, along with the measured crack area/surface area, can be explained with simple thermal expansion mismatch arguments. The data is used to build two tractable but realistic models of coating crack morphology that would be useful in oxidation rate predictions. The observation also suggest several strategies for tailoring the coating crack morphology.
Impact of Sustainable Structural Systems Undergraduate Research on Education and Program Development at MSU Denver

This paper presents the impact of three undergraduate research projects focusing on constructability assessment of adhesive-based wood-concrete composite structural members, on a solar heating technology that can be utilized in conjunction with this system and how these projects relate to engineering education and program development at Metropolitan State University of Denver (MSU Denver). The sustainable structures topic was pursued within senior project classes offered in summer 2013 and 2014 at MSU Denver. The first project addressed new members, while the second dealt with retrofits. These projects were motivated by faculty research in developing new sustainable construction systems using composites. Since underlining faculty research is on an international scale, students had direct access to researchers world-wide. Such research was used as an instrument in the “Experimental Methods in Structural Engineering” course. The students were also exposed to a broader-range of diverse ideas within the field of research by attending an international conference on timber bridges. The solar furnace project was run in parallel, providing students an opportunity to conduct research targeted at design and performance optimization of the heating units with the intention to assess the benefits of incorporating these devices into future buildings using the sustainable structural system technology. Experiences gained through the undergraduate research activities were applied in the design of a proposed Sustainable Systems Engineering degree program.
Backscatter theory and measurements for a millimeter-wave focused-beam radar

A portable millimeter-wave, fully polarimetric, high-resolution radar that uses a focused scalar horn-lens antenna has been developed. The one-way, copolarized beam in the focal plane has a measured -3 dB spot size diameter (circularly symmetric) of 4.6 in. The focused-beam properties of the antenna give the radar high angle-angle (azimuth and elevation) resolution, and for this reason the radar has been named the flashlight radar (FLR). The authors discuss the properties of the FLR as a scatterometer. The ability of the FLR to measure radar cross sections, taking into account the effects of the focused-beam antenna, is determined by modeling and measurements. A family of calibration curves is obtained and will be incorporated into the radar signal processing software. Backscatter measurements of two disks with radii of 2.8 and 5.0 cm were made with FLR at ranges from 1 to 6 m. The measurements agree very favorably with the theoretical predictions. >
A study of conventional formaldehyde fumigation methods

The currently recommended methods for the formaldehyde fumigation of rooms have been studied with the aid of an instrument designed to monitor the temperature, humidity and formaldehyde concentration. The results show that although the procedures are generally effective as measured by microbiological methods the conditions within the areas treated are not those expected from calculations based on the room volume and the amount of formaldehyde used. The measured formaldehyde levels in particular are much lower than predicted and indicate that formaldehyde vapour may be effective at lower concentrations than previously supposed.
Belling the Cat—Tagging Live Cells with Quantum Dots

Featured article: Jaiswal JK, Mattoussi H, Mauro JM, Simon SM. Long-term multiple color imaging of live cells using quantum dot bioconjugates. Nat Biotechnol 2003;21:47–51.3 Fluorescence imaging allows high-resolution, noninvasive monitoring of live cells and organisms and their responses to the environment. Organic fluorophores have been the staple for most of these developments; however, some of the limitations of organic fluorophores have generated a need for other fluorescent probes for live and multicolor imaging. Quantum dots (QDs)4 are inorganic fluorophores that offer many improvements over the organic fluorophores. These nanoparticles, first synthesized in 1980s, were not tested for biological applications until the late 1990s [reviewed in (1)], and the limitations of QDs, such as poor long-term stability in aqueous solution, toxicity associated with their composition, and safe delivery of QDs into live cells, prevented the full realization of the live cell–imaging potential of QDs. In 1990, a few coatings were developed to stabilize QDs in water and conjugate them with biomolecules, such as avidin and antibodies, for targeted labeling. One such coating developed by our collaborators at the Naval Research Laboratory in …
Performance assessment of kernel density clustering for gene expression profile data.

Kernel density smoothing techniques have been used in classification or supervised learning of gene expression profile (GEP) data, but their applications to clustering or unsupervised learning of those data have not been explored and assessed. Here we report a kernel density clustering method for analysing GEP data and compare its performance with the three most widely-used clustering methods: hierarchical clustering, K-means clustering, and multivariate mixture model-based clustering. Using several methods to measure agreement, between-cluster isolation, and withincluster coherence, such as the Adjusted Rand Index, the Pseudo F test, the r2 test, and the profile plot, we have assessed the effectiveness of kernel density clustering for recovering clusters, and its robustness against noise on clustering both simulated and real GEP data. Our results show that the kernel density clustering method has excellent performance in recovering clusters from simulated data and in grouping large real expression profile data sets into compact and well-isolated clusters, and that it is the most robust clustering method for analysing noisy expression profile data compared to the other three methods assessed.
Quantized multiplicative quiver varieties

Abstract Beginning with the data of a quiver Q, and its dimension vector d, we construct an algebra D q = D q ( Mat d ( Q ) ) , which is a flat q-deformation of the algebra of differential operators on the affine space Mat d ( Q ) . The algebra D q is equivariant for an action by a product of quantum general linear groups, acting by conjugation at each vertex. We construct a quantum moment map for this action, and subsequently define the Hamiltonian reduction A d λ ( Q ) of D q with moment parameter λ. We show that A d λ ( Q ) is a flat formal deformation of Lusztigʼs quiver varieties, and their multiplicative counterparts, for all dimension vectors satisfying a flatness condition of Crawley-Boevey: indeed the product on A d λ ( Q ) yields a Fedosov quantization the of symplectic structure on multiplicative quiver varieties. As an application, we give a description of the category of representations of the spherical double affine Hecke algebra of type A n − 1 , and its generalization constructed by Etingof, Oblomkov, and Rains, in terms of a quotient of the category of equivariant D q -modules by a Serre subcategory of aspherical modules.
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) II. Efficacy of Parenteral Administration in Prevention of Parturient Paresis

Abstract Three trials involving subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in 5ml of sesame oil tested its efficacy in preventing parturient paresis. Subcutaneous injection of 2.0mg of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (Trial I) was unsatisfactory because of unpredictable absorption rate of the oil and poor protection. Intramuscular injection of 4.0 or 8.0mg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol prevented parturient paresis when calving occurred between 72h and 10 days after injection. When all treated cows were compared, administration of 4.0mg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (Trial II) reduced the overall incidence from 29% in control cows (7 of 24) to 16% in treated cows (4 of 21) while administration of 8.0mg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (Trial III) reduced the incidence from 52% in control cows (12 of 23) to 19% in treated cows (4 of 21). No clinical signs of hypervitaminosis D were observed in any treated animals.
Contribution of Follicular Dendritic Cells to Persistent HIV Viremia

HIV-1 infections cannot be completely eradicated by drug therapy, as the virus persists in reservoirs. Low-level plasma viremia has been detected in patients treated for over 7 years, but the cellular compartments that support this low-level viremia have not been identified. The decay of HIV-1 during treatment appears to occur in four phases, with the 3rd and 4th phases occurring when the virus is below the limit of detection of conventional assays. Here, we focus on the 3rd phase of decay, which has been estimated to have a half-life of 39 months. We show that follicular dendritic cells (FDC), which have been identified as an HIV reservoir, can be the main source of the low-level viremia detected during the 3rd phase of decay and contribute to viremia at even longer times. Our calculations show that the kinetics of leakage of virus from FDC is consistent with three types of available clinical data.
A fuzzy combined learning approach to content-based image retrieval

We propose a fuzzy combined learning approach to construct a relevance feedback-based content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system for efficient image search. Our system uses a composite short-term and long-term learning approach to learn the semantics of an image. Specifically, the short-term learning technique applies fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) learning on user labeled and additional chosen image blocks to learn a more accurate boundary for separating the relevant and irrelevant blocks at each feedback iteration. The long-term learning technique applies a novel semantic clustering technique to adaptively learn and update the semantic concepts at each query session. A predictive algorithm is also applied to find images most semantically related to the query based on the semantic clusters generated in the long-term learning. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate the proposed system outperforms several state-of-the-art peer systems in terms of both retrieval precision and storage space.
Clonal development of lymphomas induced by rauscher leukemia virus

The number of cells from which tumors induced by neonatal injection of Rauscher Leukemia virus (RLV) develop was investigated using F1 (C57BL/6 X Feral) female mice heterozygous at the X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) locus. Because of inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in each somatic cell which occurs during embryogenesis in female mice, only one of the two PGK genes is active in each somatic cell. Thus, tumors that develop clonally in these mice exhibit one enzyme type, B or A, whereas those with a multicellular origin may exhibit both enzymes. Seventeen of 22 PGK heterozygous mice injected with RLV developed lymphosarcomas after an average latency of 38 weeks. Twelve of these lymphomas exhibit a single-enzyme type, A or B. In three of five tumors with double-enzyme phenotypes, the minor enzyme component comprised 20% or less of the total PGK activity, and histological examination revealed that these tumors contained a mixture of malignant and normal-appearing cells, suggesting that the minor PGK component was not contributed by the malignant cells. In the two remaining lymphomas, the ratio of A:B PGK activity was close to l:l. However, lymphomas which developed in recipients after transplantation of cells from these two tumors into newborn mice showed only single-enzyme PGK phenotypes, suggesting that the neoplastic cells in the primary tumors had single-enzyme phenotypes. Thus, these results indicate that lymphosarcomas induced by RLV in mice develop clonally.
Information system programmes: academic myopia?

Information Systems (IS) academic programmes must respond to continuous changes in Information Technology (IT), outsourcing of IT jobs and declining enrolment. This paper examines the future role of IS academic programmes and the consequences if these programmes fail to meet the needs of a dynamic environment.
TCP Offload Through Connection Handoff

This paper presents a connection handoff interface between the operating system and the network interface. Using this interface, the operating system can offload a subset of TCP connections in the system to the network interface, while the remaining connections are processed on the host CPU. Offloading can reduce computation and memory bandwidth requirements for packet processing on the host CPU. However, full TCP offloading may degrade system performance because finite processing and memory resources on the network interface limit the amount of packet processing and the number of connections. Using handoff, the operating system controls the number of offloaded connections in order to fully utilize the network interface without overloading it. Handoff is transparent to the application, and the operating system may choose to offload connections to the network interface or reclaim them from the interface at any time. A prototype system based on the modified FreeBSD operating system shows that handoff reduces the number of instructions and cache misses on the host CPU. As a result, the number of CPU cycles spent processing each packet decreases by 16--84%. Simulation results show handoff can improve web server throughput (SEPCweb99) by 15%, despite short-lived connections.
Asymmetric temporal interactions of sound‐evoked excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the mouse auditory midbrain

In the auditory midbrain, synaptic mechanisms responsible for the precise temporal coding of inputs in the brainstem are absent. Instead, in the inferior colliculus (IC), the diverse temporal firing patterns must be coded by other synaptic mechanisms, about which little is known. Here, we demonstrate the temporal characteristics of sound-evoked excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (seEPSCs and seIPSCs, respectively) in vivo in response to long-duration tones. The seEPSCs and seIPSCs differ in the variability of their temporal properties. The seEPSCs have either early or late current peaks, and the early-peaked currents may be either transient or sustained varieties. The seIPSCs have only early-peaked sustained responses but often have offset responses. When measured in a single neuron, the seIPSC peaks usually follow early, transient seEPSCs, but the seIPSCs precede latest-peaking seEPSCs. A model of the firing produced by the integration of asymmetric seEPSCs and seIPSCs showed that the temporal pattern of the early-peaked sustained neurons was easily modified by changing the parameters of the seIPSC. These results suggest that the considerable variability in the peak time and duration of the seEPSCs shapes the overall time course of firing and often precedes or follows the less variable seIPSC. Despite this, the inhibitory currents are potent in modifying the firing patterns, and the inhibitory response to sound offset appears to be one area where the integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents is lacking. Thus, the integration of sound-evoked activity in the IC often employs the asymmetric temporal interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents to shape the firing pattern of the neuron.
Analysis of a Nontornadic Storm during VORTEX 95

Abstract Analysis of a supercell storm that did not produce a tornado near Hays, Kansas, is presented. A well-defined midlevel mesocyclone was apparent throughout most of the storm’s life cycle. Numerous shallow circulations were observed along the rear-flank gust front during the data collection period. Six of these circulations strengthened into intense low-level mesocyclones. Each of these mesocyclones failed to produce a tornado. The strongest low-level mesocyclone, referred to as vortex #4, underwent a life cycle that was consistent with other tornadic mesocyclones documented in the literature. These results illustrate that the presence of a long-lived mesocyclone at low levels is not sufficient for tornadogenesis to occur. The kinematic structure of the low-level mesocyclone that did not produce a tornado is compared with a tornadic mesocyclone from another storm in order to understand the characteristic differences between these circulations. The results lead to the conclusion that the presence of ...
Regulation of Vascular Function by Vascular Permeability Factor

The blood vessels in and around tumors can be distinguished from normal vasculature in several ways. Tumor-associated vessels are derived from surrounding host blood vessels as a result of neovascularization (Folkman, 1985) and are typically more permeable than normal vessels (Dvorak et al., 1988, Gerlowski and Jain,1983). These observations lead to the hypothesis that tumors can alter blood vessel function by producing regulator substances. A polypeptide regulator known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has now been purified and found to display a surprisingly wide spectrum of vascular activities, some of which are pro-inflammatory in nature. In addition to synthesis by tumor cells, VPF has now been found to be a product of monocytes and lymphocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that VPF may be a new inflammatory cytokine.
Experimental Evaluation of Composite Action

Experimental results for a layered lumber diaphragm are presented and compared with theoretical analysis. The influences of joists, boundary members, and layer discontinuities on deflections and strains are evaluated. The theoretical analysis overestimates deflections and strains. Layer discontinuities and boundary members have insignificant effects while gluing joists to decking results in an 18% reduction in deflection. Further tests are recommended to reach more conclusive results.
A New Two-Spored Species of Cavostelium (Protostelida)

Cavostelium bisporum, the second species of the genus to be described, has stalked sporocarps that are consistently 2-spored. The feeding stage varies from uninucleate amoeboid cells to multinuclea...
The Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Reproductive Performance of Bobwhite Hens

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the protein requirement of adult bobwhite quail. Flight-type quail were used in one experiment and meat-type quail in the other. Corn and soybean meal diets containing 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24% protein were fed. Increasing the protein level of the diet from 12 to 15% significantly increased egg production with the flight-type bird. However, only a nonsignificant increase in egg production was obtained with the meat-type birds when the protein level was increased to 15%. Higher levels of protein did not result in further increases in egg production in either strain. Increasing the protein from 12 to 18% (flight) or 21% (meat) resulted in increased egg weight. Egg mass of flight-type hens receiving 18 and 21% protein was significantly greater than egg mass from hens receiving 12 and 15% protein. Hatch of fertile eggs, hatch of total eggs, chick weight, or weight of adult birds were not affected by protein level. Feeding the 12% protein diet resulted in significantly reduced fertility in the flight-type birds but not in the meat-type birds.
Residual Life and Toxicity to Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of Selected Insecticides Applied to Cotton in Arizona

The residual life and toxicity to foraging honey bees, Apis mellifera L., of 17 insecticides (12 pyrethroids, 4 organophosphates, and 1 formamidine) applied to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in Arizona were examined over time up to 21-d after application in a series of four tests during a 3-yr period (1985-1987). Organophosphate residues disappeared rapidly from cotton leaf surfaces with 5% at 15 d after application. Residues remaining from the September applications were higher than from the July applications. The addition of chlordimeform to permethrin did not significantly affect the residual life of permethrin nor did it affect the significance of the cis -and trans -isomer relationships to each other. It did, however, change the significance of the isomer relationships to other pyrethroids. Honey bee mortalities of 85-100% from leaves freshly treated with organophosphates were higher than from any other insecticides except for bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate (100%) and wettable powder (95%) and permethrin with chlordimeform (95%) and without chlordimeform (89%), Except for encapsulated methyl parathion, the insecticides tested were safe for forager bees 3 d after application. One day after application permethrin plus chlordimeform gave 84% mortality compared with 47% with no chlordimeform. This synergism was not seen on subsequent days. On two occasions, bee mortality was greater from cyfluthrin-treated leaves the day following treatment than immediately after treatment. This contradicts data from residues where insecticide levels were higher immediately after treatment than the day following treatment.
Risk Propensity and Safe Medication Administration.

Objective To examine the relationship between risk propensity and safe medication administration, while also providing additional evidence of validity and reliability on the Safe Administration of Medication (SAM) Scale. Methods A convenience sample of nursing students from a private Midwest university in the United States was invited to participate in the study. Fourth-year nursing students completed 2 instruments: revised Domain-Specific Risk-Taking and Risk Perception (DOSPERT) Scale, which measures risk propensity, and the SAM Scale, which measures knowledge and performance of safe medication administration. Second-year nursing students completed the SAM Scale; their scores were used to provide evidence of construct validity. Results This study demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between personal risk taking in the area of health/safety and safe medication administration in nursing students. No statistically significant relationship was found between risk perception and safe medication administration. In addition, the study provided evidence of the validity and reliability of the SAM Scale. Conclusions This study is among the first to demonstrate a relationship between risk propensity and safe medication administration. Further research into personal risk taking, risk perception and its impact on patient safety, specifically safe medication administration, is needed.
Massive Modularity, Content Integration, and Language

One of the obstacles facing massive modularity is how a pervasively modular mind might generate non-domain-specific thoughts by integrating the content produced by various domain-specific modules. Peter Carruthers has recently argued that the operations of the language faculty are constitutive of the process by which the human mind is able to integrate content from heterogeneous conceptual domains. In this article, I first argue that Carruthers’s data do not provide support for either of two possible interpretations of his thesis. In addition, I provide empirical and theoretical reasons for thinking content integration is performed external to the language faculty.
Complex Patterns in Dynamic Attributed Graphs

In recent years, there has been huge growth in the amount of graph data generated from various sources. These types of data are often represented by vertices and edges in a graph with real-valued attributes, topological properties, and temporal information associated with the vertices. Until recently, most pattern mining techniques focus solely on vertex attributes, topological properties, or a combination of these in a static sense; mining attribute and topological changes simultaneously over time has largely been overlooked. In this work-in-progress paper, we propose to extend an existing state-of-the-art technique to mine for patterns in dynamic attributed graphs which appear to trigger changes in attribute values.
Investigation on knowledge and behavior about walking traffic injury among primary school teachers in Shijiazhuang City

[Objective]To understand the degree of knowledge and correct behaviors about walking traffic injury in primary school teachers of Shijiazhuang City,and provide evidence for effective intervention of traffic injury control of pupils.[Methods]Stratified random sampling was adopted to investigate the primary school teachers about traffic injuries and related knowledge and behavior by questionnaire survey.The age and gender and other factors influencing the walking traffic injury and related knowledge and behavior of primary school teachers were analyzed.[Results] During the past 1 year 34.0% teachers got injured in walking.The awareness rate of traffic safety knowledge was not significantly different between primary school teachers with different gender and age.There was significant difference in different genders of the teachers obeying the traffic rules of "using pedestrian bridge when encountering guardrail in the middle of road"(P0.01).There were also significant differences of waiting traffic lights with personal emergency,no parallel walking on the road,no frolicking on the road between teachers with different ages(P0.05 or P0.01).The difference of traffic injuries prevention related behavior was not significant between genders(P0.05).The difference of teaching students consciously abiding traffic rules was significantly between ages(P0.05).[Conclusion]The awareness and behaviors rates of injury knowledge are high among primary school teachers in Shijiazhuang City and the incidence of walking traffic injury is relatively low.
Hallucinogens: Circuits, Behavior, and Translational Models

Abstract 5-HT 2A receptors are found in multiple areas of the brain and are most strongly expressed in areas that have previously been involved in psychosis and psychotic symptoms, such as prefrontal cortex, striatum, ventral tegmental area, and thalamus. However, whereas the possibility of a role of the 5-HT 2A receptor in subcortical regions is not excluded, several lines of evidence indicate that cortical pyramidal neurons expressing 5-HT 2A receptors are the cellular targets responsible for hallucinogen effects. The principal caveat with respect to studying hallucinogens in preclinical models is the inability of the currently available behavioral paradigms to demonstrate convincingly that rodents experience effects of hallucinogens that are noticeable to human users. Findings demonstrate that head-twitch (rapid lateral movement of the head) is a behavior model that shows a highly significant predictive power. In this chapter, we review existing literature on the neuronal circuits involved in the behavioral effects of hallucinogens and discuss the potential of hallucinogens as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as alcoholism, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and cluster headache.
Plasma membrane phospholipid content in non-insulin-dependent streptozotocin-diabetic rats — effect of insulin

The activity of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase is impaired in kidney basolateral membranes from non-insulin-dependent streptozotocin-diabetic rats. To study the possible role of changes in membrane phospholipid content in the malfunction of this enzyme in kidney membranes of the diabetic animals, phospholipid (phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin) content was measured in kidney and liver membranes obtained from non-insulin-dependent diabetic rats. Total phospholipid content was similar in liver and kidney membranes of diabetic and control rats (595±47 versus 624±29 in liver and 469±22 versus 458±17 nmol Pi/mg protein in kidney respectively). Phosphatidylethanolamine content in kidney and liver membranes of diabetic rats was lower than in control rats (87.7±1.8 versus 96.4±2.2 nmol Pi/mg protein, p<0.01 and 87.1±3.7 versus 101.8±3.5, p<0.02 respectively). Phosphatidylinositol content was higher in kidney (28.0±0.6 versus 23.9±2.1, p<0.02) but not liver membranes from diabetic rats.
Pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis Cramer) Neonate Feeding Preferences and the Implications for a Push-Pull Management System

Push-pull cropping approaches for pest management target the oviposition behavior of adult females. However, insect larvae may move from the natal host and undermine the effectiveness of this approach. We investigated the longevity and feeding preference of pickleworm neonates (Diaphania nitidalis Cramer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)) in relation to a potential push-pull cropping approach incorporating squash as a trap crop (pull) and watermelon as a deterrent intercrop (push) to protect a main crop of cantaloupe. Neonates could survive between 24 to 64 h without food, indicating they have some initial energy reserves to keep alive while in search of a suitable feeding site. To assess neonate feeding preferences, naive neonates were given the choice of five foods; leaves of squash, cantaloupe, watermelon, bean, and a pinto bean-based artificial diet. To assess if previous feeding experience influences neonate food source preference, neonates were allowed to feed on one of the five foods for 24 h and then given the same choice of the five food sources. The neonates, with or without previous feeding experience, did not appear to have a significant preference for any of the cucurbits: squash, cantaloupe, or watermelon, but they did prefer a cucurbit to the bean leaf or artificial diet. Feeding experience on one of these non-host foods made neonates more accepting of these food sources in the choice arena even when host plant food sources became available. It appears that neonate feeding preferences of pickleworm would neither hinder nor enhance the potential success of the proposed cucurbits to be used in a potential push-pull cropping approach for pickleworm management.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Volume and Serum Adipokine Concentrations but Not with Body Mass Index or Waist Circumference in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

BACKGROUND The biological actions of vitamin D are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR gene have been previously associated with adiposity traits. However, to our knowledge, few studies have included direct measures of adiposity and adipokine concentrations. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of tagging SNPs in the VDR gene with multiple adiposity measures, including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, and serum adipokine (adiponectin and leptin) concentrations in adult African Americans (AAs). METHODS Data from 3020 participants (61.9% women; mean age, 54.6 y) from the Jackson Heart Study were used for this analysis. Forty-five tag SNPs were chosen with the use of genotype data from the International HapMap project. We used linear regression to test the associations of imputed VDR SNPs with each of the traits, adjusted for age, sex, educational status, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, serum vitamin D concentration, European ancestry, and multiple testing. RESULTS The G allele of the SNP rs4328262 remained associated with increased VAT volume after multiple testing correction (β = 45.7; P < 0.001). The A allele of another SNP (rs11574070) was nominally associated with body fat percentage (β = 0.96; P = 0.002). None of the VDR SNPs analyzed showed any link with WC or BMI. The A allele of rs2228570 (β = 0.08; P = 0.001) for men and the T allele of rs2853563 (β = 0.04; P < 0.001) for women remained positively associated with serum adiponectin concentrations after multiple testing correction. CONCLUSION Although we did not find any association for anthropometric measures, we did observe associations of VDR variants with serum adipokines and with the more metabolically active fat, VAT. Therefore, our findings demonstrate a possible role of VDR variants in regulating adipose tissue activity and adiposity among AAs.
The Speed Of Queer: La La La Human Steps and Queer Perceptions of the Body

In this article, Stephen Low argues that Edouard Lock’s choreography for La La La Human Steps embodies temporalities that expose how the normative experience of time determines and limits our visual and theoretical perceptions of the gendered body. Focusing on movement executed at hyper-fast virtuosic speeds seen in La La La Human Steps’ recent work Untitled , Lock’s choreography demonstrates possibilities of corporeal transformations through the way the body is perceived in time through movement. The analysis of Lock’s choreography expands the theories of queer time elucidated by Judith Halberstam in her book In A Queer Time and Place beyond temporalities defined by non- normative life schedules to include non-normative temporalities determined by how subjects move in and through time. Furthermore, the examination of the effects of hyper-fast movement exposes how Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity remains contingent on normative temporalities that allow the body to be seen as gendered in a stable and coherent manner. The aesthetic of speed embodied by Lock’s choreography is acknowledged to be both simultaneously destructive, in that it undoes the stability and coherency of gender as ascertainable by the act of seeing the body, and generative, in that it offers modes of challenging gender norms that do not require medical technologies. In other words, through an aesthetic that employs virtuosic speed, Lock offers a concept of queer temporality that allows a subject to embody the trans in “transgender.”