cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of a flow cytometric method using autofluorescence and a tandem fluorescent dye to analyze human alveolar macrophage surface markers

Abstract Human resident alveolar macrophages (AM) exhibit autofluorescence when excited by light from 488 nm lasers used by most flow cytometers. Because this autofluorescence occurs at peak 540 nm, it obscures fluorescence generated by commonly used immunofluorescent reagent (e.g., antibodies conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or R-phycoerythrin (R-PE)) applied for cell surface marker analysis. Therefore, a two color flow cytometric method has been developed that permits the quantitative phenotypic analysis of AM without influence by their natural autofluorescence. In this method, a commercially available preparation of secondary polyclonal antibodies (recognizing primary specific mouse IgG monoclonal antibodies) that are conjugated to a tandem fluorochrome dye (containing R-PE and Cy5) is used. Using this method, the expression of 12 different surface markers on AM obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 13 subjects was analyzed and compared with their expression on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes. This method will facilitate analysis of surface markers on AM in a variety of disorders.
Tissue Turnover of Aluminum and Ga-67: Effect of Iron Status

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of nutritional status in regard to iron on aluminum distribution and turnover and to evaluate Ga-67 as a marker for aluminum. Anemic (n = 27) and normal (n = 30) rats were dosed by gavage with 0.8 mmoles of aluminum and 20 microCi Ga-67 in a 0.75 mol/l citrate solution and sacrificed 1, 3, 6, 9, 15, and 21 days later. Anemic rats generally retained more aluminum in their livers but less in tibias and spleens than normal rats. The half-lives of aluminum in liver (56 vs 17 days), muscle (33 vs 16 days), and serum (12 vs 8 days) were significantly greater in anemic than normal rats, respectively. Total body retention of Ga-67 could be described on the basis of a two-compartment model. The turnover of Ga-67 from the first compartment was rapid (half-life = 0.8 and 0.6 days) in anemic and normal rats, respectively, and was similar to the turnover of Ga-67 from the Gl tract (half-life = 0.7 and 0.6 days in anemic and normal rats, respectively). The turnover of Ga-67 from the second compartment was also rapid (2.8 vs 4.0 days in anemic and normal rats, respectively). Anemia affected the retention of Ga-67 more than the retention of aluminum; anemic rats retained more Ga-67 in their livers, spleens, kidneys, hearts, and muscles but less in their tibias than normal rats. In general, Ga-67 was not a satisfactory marker for aluminum distribution and turnover in normal and anemic rats.
An inverse problem for Helmholtz's equation III

Abstract One can uniquely recover simultaneously n(z), h(w) and α from the surface data u(x1, x2, z = 0, ω) known for all x1, x2 ϵ P = {x : x3 = 0} and all ω > 0. Here [▿ 2 + ω 2 n(z)]u = −Δ(x)h(ω) in R 3 , u + = u - , u′ + = αu′ - on P, α = const ≠ 1 , n(z) = n 0 for z > 0, n 0 is a known constant, n(z) is unknown for z 0 and z
Democracy and human rights in multicultural societies

In the wake of globalisation and recent events in the Mediterranean region, issues relating to democracy, human rights, and particularly multicultural policy are paramount. Globalisation and contem...
Characterization of fumonisin toxicity in orally and intravenously dosed swine

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a recently identified mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme in corn, has been shown to cause death in swine due to pulmonary edema, an apparently species specific effect, and to interfere with sphingolipid metabolism in vitro. Here we characterize the toxicity of fumonisins, using female cross-bred swine weighing 6 to 13 kg, and present a hypothesis regarding the mechanism of fumonisin-induced pulmonary edema in swine. FB1 was given daily intravenously (IV) to pig 1 for 9 days for a total of 72 mg (7.9 mg/kg) and to pig 2 for 4 days for a total of 67 mg (4.6 mg/kg). Pig 3 (control) was given saline IV for 9 days. Corn screenings naturally contaminated with FB1 (166 ppm) and FB2 (48 ppm) were fed to pigs 4, 5, and 6, and ground corn was fed to pigs 7 and 8 (controls). Pigs 4 and 7 were killed on day 5; pig 5 was found dead on day 6; and pigs 6 and 8 were killed on day 15. Pigs 4 and 5 had ingested 187 and 176 mg total fumonisins, respectively, while pig 6 had ingested 645 mg. Feed consumption had decreased in pigs fed corn screenings, with an additional sharp decrease prior to onset of clinical signs. Increases in serum liver enzymes, total bilirubin, and cholesterol were present, but electrocardiograms, heart rate, and body temperature were unaffected. Pigs dosed IV with FB1, developed mild intermittent respiratory abnormalities, while those fed screenings developed respiratory distress within 5 days. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema was observed in pig 1. Severe interstitial pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and increased lung wet/dry weight ratio were observed in pigs 4 and 5. All pigs given fumonisin (either IV or orally) had hepatic changes characterized by hepatocyte disorganization and necrosis; pancreatic acinar cell degeneration was also observed. Ultrastructural changes in orally dosed swine included loss of sinusoidal hepatocyte microvilli; membranous material in hepatic sinusoids; and multilamellar bodies in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, pancreatic acinar cells and pulmonary macrophages. Pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) contained large amounts of membranous material. Thus, the target organs of fumonisin in the pig are the lung, liver, and pancreas. At lower doses, slowly progressive hepatic disease is the most prominent feature, while at higher doses, acute pulmonary edema is superimposed on hepatic injury and may cause death. We hypothesize that altered sphingolipid metabolism causes hepatocellular damage resulting in release of membranous material into the circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Simulation-Based Design of Aircraft Electrical Power Systems

Early stage design provides the greatest opportunities to explore design alternatives and perform trade studies before costly design decisions are made. The goal of this research is to develop a simulation-based framework that enables architectural analysis of complex systems during the conceptual design phase. Using this framework, design teams can systematically explore architectural design decisions during the early stage of system development prior to the selection of specific components. The analysis performed at this earliest stage of design facilitates the development of more robust and reliable system architectures. Application of the presented method to the design of a representative aerospace electrical power system (EPS) demonstrates these capabilities.
Efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated external ventricular drains in reducing ventriculostomy-associated infections.

Use of an external ventricular drain (EVD) is essential for managing patients with hydrocephalus or intracranial hypertension. While this procedure is safe and efficacious, ventriculostomy-associated infections (VAI) continue to cause significant morbidity. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of antibiotic-coated EVD (AC-EVD) in reducing the occurrence of VAI. Between July 2007 and July 2009, 203 patients underwent placement of an EVD. A total of 145 of these patients met the inclusion criteria, with 76 patients (52.4%) receiving AC-EVD and 69 patients (47.6%) receiving uncoated EVD. Ten patients (6.9%) developed VAI, of whom three were in the AC-EVD group and seven were in the uncoated EVD group (p = 0.19). The mean duration between catheter insertion and positive cerebrospinal fluid culture was significantly greater in the AC-EVD group versus the uncoated EVD group (15 ± 4 days versus 4 ± 2 days, respectively; p = 0.001). In the uncoated EVD group, 17 of 69 patients (24.6%) were dead at 3 years versus 12 of 76 (15.8%) patients in the AC-EVD group (p = 0.21). The overall VAI rate was 6.9% with a trend toward lower infection rates in the AC-EVD group compared to the uncoated EVD group (3.9% versus 10.1%, respectively; p > 0.05).
Styles of Exploration in Control, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity and Learning Disabled Children:

Previous research has reported that learning disabled (LD) and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD-H) children habituate more rapidly to a stimulus than do control children. The information that was encoded in the habituation task was assessed in the present study. Although the results indicated that LD and ADD-H children habituate more rapidly, they also encode fewer aspects of the stimulus field. The limited encoding skills of these children were attributed to the attention difficulties associated with these disorders.
Plasmin-Mediated Activation of Contact System in Response to Pharmacological Thrombolysis

Background Thrombin activity increases in patients treated with coronary thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction, but the mechanisms are not well defined. We have shown that thrombin activity increases in plasma and whole blood incubated with plasminogen activators and appears to be plasmin mediated and dependent on activity of the factor VIIIa/IXa complex. Methods and Results In the present study, increases in thrombin activity induced by incubation of recalcified citrated plasma with 0.16 to 0.5 μmol/L plasmin at 37°C were markedly attenuated in recalcified citrated plasma deficient in factors XI or XII, prekallikrein, or high molecular weight kininogen, as well as in plasma incubated with plasmin in the presence of 3.5 μmol/L corn trypsin inhibitor, a specific factor XIIa inhibitor. Increases in thrombin activity also occurred in nonanticoagulated whole blood incubated with pharmacological concentrations of plasminogen activators and were markedly attenuated in the presence of corn trypsin inhibitor. Plasmin-mediated (0.25 μmol/L) activation of purified factor XII occurred in 0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl and 0.012 mol/L NaCl (pH 7.8) at 37°C, resulting in equimolar quantities of two fragments that corresponded to cleavage of factor XII at Arg353-Val354, the site involved in kallikrein-mediated activation of factor XII, and cleavage at Lys346-Ser347, an apparently novel site of plasmin-mediated hydrolysis of factor XII. Contact activation was also demonstrated in plasma samples from patients after treatment with fibrinolytic agents for myocardial infarction, by demonstrating cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen from its one-chain to its two-chain form by ligand blotting with 125I-prekallikrein. Conclusions Plasmin-mediated activation of the contact system of coagulation appears to account, at least in part, for increases in procoagulant activity in patients treated with fibrinolytic agents. It may also explain hypotension, by release of bradykinin from high molecular weight kininogen, and complement activation, by activated factor XII, that has been demonstrated in these patients.
Tangible pictures: Viewpoint effects and linear perspective in visually impaired people

Perception of raised-line pictures in blindfolded-sighted, congenitally blind, late-blind, and low-vision subjects was studied in a series of experiments. The major aim of the study was to examine the value of perspective drawings for haptic pictures and visually impaired individuals. In experiment 1, subjects felt two wooden boards joined at 45 degrees, 90 degrees, or 135 degrees, and were instructed to pick the correct perspective drawing from among four choices. The first experiment on perspective found a significant effect of visual status, with much higher performance by the low-vision subjects. Mean performance for the congenitally blind subjects was not significantly different from that of the late-blind and blindfolded-sighted subjects. In a further experiment, blindfolded subjects drew tangible pictures of three-dimensional (3-D) geometric solids, and then engaged in a matching task. Counter to expectations, performance was not impaired for the 3-D drawings as compared with the frontal viewpoints. Subjects were also especially fast and more accurate when matching top views. Experiment 5 showed that top views were easiest for all of the visually impaired subjects, including those who were congenitally blind. Experiment 5 yielded higher performance for 3-D than frontal viewpoints. The results of all of the experiments were consistent with the idea that visual experience is not necessary for understanding perspective drawings of geometrical objects.
Optimal Global Mosaic Generation from Retinal Images

We present a method to construct a mosaic from multiple color and fluorescein retinal images. A set of images taken from different views at different times is difficult to register sequentially due to variations in color and intensity across images. We propose a method to register images globally in order to minimize the registration error and to find optimal registration pairs. The reference frame that gives the minimum registration error is found by the Floyd- Warshalls all-pairs shortest path algorithm, and all other images are registered to this reference frame using an affine transformation model. We present experimental results to validate the proposed method.
SEQUENTIAL STRUCTURE IN HUMAN SOCIAL COMMUNICATION1

Interaction matrices showing two act sequences from studies of discussion groups, teacher classroom behavior, speech therapy sessions, and policecivilian telephone calls were analyzed using the information theory statistic to obtain estimates of distributional and sequential predictability. Data from 10 studies were analyzed, and the results showed the relative sequential structure ranging from 3.8 to 29.8 percent. Predictability due to distribution of acts ranged from 3.4 to 41.9 percent. Flow chart diagrams were developed showing the sequence generating processes for discussion groups and classroom interaction. The effects of category system design, interactant roles, task logic, and the number of actors on both sequential and distributional predictability are discussed.
Prior knowledge, reading skill, and text cohesion in the comprehension of science texts

Abstract This study examined how text features (i.e., cohesion) and individual differences (i.e., reading skill and prior knowledge) contribute to biology text comprehension. College students with low and high levels of biology knowledge read two biology texts, one of which was high in cohesion and the other low in cohesion. The two groups were similar in reading skill. Participants' text comprehension was assessed with open-ended comprehension questions that measure different levels of comprehension (i.e., text-based, local-bridging, global-bridging). Results indicated: (a) reading a high-cohesion text improved text-based comprehension; (b) overall comprehension was positively correlated with participants' prior knowledge, and (c) the degree to which participants benefited from reading a high-cohesion text depended on participants' reading skill, such that skilled participants gained more from high-cohesion text.
A Novel Ontology for Sensor Networks Data

Sensor networks have seen an exponential growth in the last few years. They involve deploying a large number of small sensing nodes for capturing environmental data. Searching such networks is limited by two major constraints: scalability and precision. We argue that the key to enabling scalable and precise sensor information search is to define an ontology that associates sensor information taxonomy for searching and interpreting raw data streams. We present the motivation and description of the development of the proposed ontology, partial evaluation of the early prototype ontology, a discussion of design and implementation issues, and directions for future research works.
Formal, Justice‐Oriented Voice in the Nonunion Firm: Who Speaks Up and When?

Employee willingness to exercise workplace voice has been the subject of much recent research. However, very different types of voice are observed within the workplace, with some forms of voice receiving limited scholarly attention. In particular, limited attention has been given to the determinants of formal, justice-oriented voice within a nonunion context. Using a policy-capturing design, we examine factors that affect decisions to use formal, justice-oriented voice among 498 nonunion employees who had access to the same appeal procedure. The results suggest that this type of voice is affected by perceptions regarding immunity from negative managerial reactions to voice and also by factors associated with the utility of voice (e.g., the social power of those involved in the appeal and the evidence available to support the appeal). The results further suggest that perceived immunity moderates the impact of the social power of those involved in the appeal and the evidence available.
Dynamic Interaction between Sigma-1 Receptor and Kv1.2 Shapes Neuronal and Behavioral Responses to Cocaine

SUMMARY The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein, is an interorganelle signaling modulator that potentially plays a role in drug-seeking behaviors. However, the brain site of action and underlying cellular mechanisms remain unidentified. We found that cocaine exposure triggers a Sig-1R-dependent upregulation of D-type K + current in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) that results in neuronal hypoactivity and thereby enhances behavioral cocaine response. Combining ex vivo and in vitro studies, we demonstrated that this neuroadaptation is caused by a persistent proteinprotein association between Sig-1Rs and Kv1.2 channels, a phenomenon that is associated to a redistribution of both proteins from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, the dynamic Sig-1R-Kv1.2 complex represents a mechanism that shapes neuronal and behavioral response to cocaine. Functional consequences of Sig-1R binding to K + channels may have implications for other chronic diseases where maladaptive intrinsic plasticity and Sig-1Rs are engaged.
Carotid Body Tumors: The Role of Preoperative Embolization

Resection of carotid body tumors (neck paragangliomas) carries inherent risks of injury to the cranial nerves and other structures as well excessive blood loss. Preoperative embolization has been used to lessen the morbidity in tumors that are larger than 2 cm in diameter. Two female patients presented for treatment with large asymptomatic carotid body tumors-one 4 cm and one 5 cm in diameter. Both patients had preoperative angiography the day before surgery that revealed the feeding arterial vessels so that successful embolization could be accomplished with gel. Success was judged by diminution of the angiographic blush. Both patients had an uneventful surgical excision the following day with the carotid body tumors being able to be resected periadventitially without damage to either the external or internal carotid artery. The cranial nerves were preserved in both patients and blood loss was only 200 cc in both cases. We conclude that preoperative embolization is an important adjunct in treating patients with large carotid body tumors. The surgical exploration proceeds much smoother, the blood loss is minimal, and patients have minimal morbidity.
The Use and Abuse of P52: Papyrological Pitfalls in the Dating of the Fourth Gospel

The thesis of this paper is simple: we as critical readers of the New Testament often use John Rylands Greek Papyrus 3.457, also known as P52, ininappropriate ways, and we should stop doing so. A recent example will illustrate the problem. In what is on the whole a superb commentary on John's gospel, D. Moody Smith writes the following about the date of John:For a time, particularly in the early part of the twentieth century, the possibility that John was not written, or at least not published, until [the] mid-second century was a viable one. At that time Justin Martyr espoused a logos Christology, without citing the Fourth Gospel explicitly. Such an omission by Justin would seem strange if the Gospel of John had already been written and was in circulation. Then the discovery and publication in the1930s of two papyrus fragments made such a late dating difficult, if not impossible, to sustain. The first and most important is the fragment of John chapter 18 … [P52], dated by paleographers to the second quarter of the second century (125–150); the other is a fragment of a hithertounknown gospel called Egerton Papyrus 2 from the same period, which obviously reflects knowledge of the Gospel of John…. For the Gospel of Johnto have been written and circulated in Egypt, where these fragments were found, a date nolater than the first decade of the second century must be presumed.
Genetic Variation in Odorant Receptors Contributes to Variation in Olfactory Behavior in a Natural Population of Drosophila melanogaster

Chemoreception is a principle modality by which organisms gain information from their environment, and extensive variation in odor-mediated behavior has been documented within and among species. To examine the mechanisms by which sensory systems mediate these responses, we ask to what extent variation in Drosophila melanogaster odorant receptor genes contributes to variation in odor-mediated behavior. Significant differences in behavioral responses to structurally similar odorants, methyl hexanoate and ethyl hexanoate, were found in a natural population. Polymorphisms in 3 genomic regions (Or22a/Or22b, Or35a, and Or47a) were identified and associated with variation in behavior to these esters. Overall similarity in association profiles for both odorants was observed, except for Or47a in which polymorphisms were associated solely with variation in responses to ethyl hexanoate. Our analyses were then extended to examine polymorphisms in 3 odorant receptors previously reported to contribute to variation in olfactory behavior for the chemically distinct odorants benzaldehyde and acetophenone. Two Or10a polymorphisms were associated with variation in response to ethyl hexanoate. Finally, differences in Or35a and Or47a expression were associated with variation in responses to ethyl hexanoate. These results demonstrate that the genetic variation at the peripheral sensory stage plays a role in mediating differences in odor-mediated behavior.
Towards grasping in unstructured environments: optimization of grasper compliance and configuration

This paper examines the role of grasper compliance and kinematic configuration in unstructured environments, where object size and location may not be well known. A grasper consisting of two two-link planar fingers with compliant revolute joints was simulated as it passively deflects during contact with a target object. The kinematic configuration and joint stiffness values of the grasper were varied in order to maximize grasper workspace for a wide range of target object size. The results show a near-optimal result around the spring-rest angles of 25 and 45 degrees for the base and intermediate joints, respectively, when the joint stiffness ratio (base/intermediate) was small.
Ensemble responses of the auditory nerve to normal and whispered stop consonants.

Abstract Whispered syllables lack many of the frequency and voicing cues of normally voiced speech, but these two acoustically distinct forms of speech are placed into the same linguistic categories. To examine how whispered and voiced speech are encoded in the auditory system, the responses to speech sounds were recorded from 132 single auditory nerve fibers in 20 ketamine anesthetized chinchillas. Stimuli were the naturally produced syllables /da/ and /ta/ presented in whispered and normal voicing. The results for each syllable presented at a fixed intensity were analyzed by pooling the responses from individual auditory nerve fibers across animals to create a global average peri-stimulus time (GAPST) histogram. For each word-initial consonant, the pattern of peaks in the GAPST was the same for both normal and whispered speech. For the vowel, the GAPSTs for the whispered speech sounds did not display the synchronization observed in the responses to the voiced syllables. The temporal pattern of the peaks was constant over a 40 dB intensity range, although peak sizes varied. Grouping fibers within different frequency ranges created local averages (LAPST) that revealed the significant contribution of high frequency fibers in the response to the whispered consonants. Responses of individual fibers varied with both the syllable and the voicing. These findings suggest that the encoding of either a whispered or a normal stop consonant results in the same temporal pattern in the ensemble response.
Evaluation of a headspace-GC method for residual solvents in a serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist compound.

A static headspace gas chromatographic method is developed and evaluated for the quantitation of residual 2-propanol, methanol, and toluene in bulk (2α, 6α, 8α, 9α β)-o ctahydro-3-oxo-2,6methanon-2H-quinolizin-8-yl-1H-indole-3-caboxylate methanesufonate hydrate, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist drug compound. This method is accurate and precise, and it includes the use of 1-propanol as an internal standard. The gas chromatographic conditions utilize a dimethylpolysiloxane phase (SPB-1) capillary column and a flame ionization detector. Validation of this test method includes a recovery study of known levels of the three target analyte solvents to verify the accuracy of this method, because these solvents were used in the recrystallization and synthesis of all current and future lots of the bulk drug. The tested range is 0.05% to 1.0% (w/w) for 2-propanol and methanol and 0.01% to 0.10% (w/w) for toluene. Mean recovery of all spikes is 107% (w/w) of theory for methanol (n = 15) and 101% (w/w) for 2-propanol. Toluene mean recovery of all spikes is 98% (w/w) of theory within the tested range (n = 6). These data and other facets of the development of this headspace method are discussed.
Multiscale phenomena in Bruggeman composites

Mechanical, magnetic, and transport properties of arbitrary inhomogeneous composites are investigated by a Bruggeman-type mean-field approach. The theory yields materials parameters as functions of the volume fractions, geometries, and materials constants of the phases. Each system is described by a single response parameter g, which is equal to the percolation threshold of the composite. For macroscopic systems, the approach yields very simple expressions, but nanoscale and multiferroic effects yield relatively complicated corrections to g. In the respective cases, the parameter g depends on the length scale of the composite and has the character of a combination of magnetic, electric, and mechanical degrees of freedom.
Consolidation, Asset Size Distribution, And Employment In The U.S. Banking Industry

This paper will extend previous research which studied the initial impact of the Riegle-Neal Act on consolidation, asset size distribution, and employment in the U.S. banking industry by examining the period of time since this deregulation became fully effective to see if the immediate effects set in motion by the passage of the act have continued or moderated.
The Need for a Public Policy for the Transportation of Coal: Both Rail and Slurry Pipeline are Required

Increases in coal consumption by both domestic and foreign users are anticipated in the future due to the decline of inexpensive oil. Greater demands will be placed on existing transportation systems to move to market the abundant reserves of coal in the United States. Simultaneously, lesser known modes such as slurry pipelines will have to share the transportation load. This paper contends that in the national interest the development of both rail and slurry pipeline is vital. The nation should stimulate the capacity of coal hauling railroads while encouraging the construction of coal slurry pipelines.
Stanley C. Plog – a renowned travel market researcher

Stanley C. Plog was one of the great research minds, tourism theorists, and tourism practitioners in the field. I first met him when he launched his career at University of California Los Angeles (...
Performance evaluation of a regional climate simulation with COSMO-CLM in the Alpine space

SUMMARY This paper analyzes the capabilities of Limited Area Model COSMO-CLM to simulate the main features of the observed climate over an area characterized by complex terrain. A simulation driven by ERA40 Reanalysis of the XX century climate (1971-2000) has been performed at a spatial resolution of 8 km, in order to provide an assessment of regional model performance on local scale for impact studies. 2-meters temperature (minimum, maximum and average values) and total precipitation have been analyzed, comparing their values with two observational datasets: ETH for precipitation and EOBS for temperature.
Can One Load a Set of Dice So That the Sum Is Uniformly Distributed

Introduction Suppose we have two ordinary six-faced dice, and S is the sum of the numbers shown when the dice are rolled once. Then the random variable S can take any of the eleven integer values from 2 to 12. Can one load the dice so that S is uniformly distributed, i.e., Pr(S = i) = 1/11 for i = 2,3,...,12? The answer is no, as can be shown by an elegant probabilistic argument using only the simple inequality that x + 1/x ? 2 for all x > 0. (See Problem 52 in [4, p. 130].) Another (analytical) proof uses a polynomial factorization, as follows. Let pi and ri be the probabilities of the number i appearing on the first and second dice, respectively, for i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Suppose that the distribution of S is uniform. Then the probability generating function of S (for an exposition on probability generating functions, see [3, p. 177]) satisfies the following identity:
The Human-Web Interaction (HUWI) Cycle: A Framework of Users' Perception, Action, and Cognition on the Web

Since its inception, the World Wide Web has flourished. While advances have been made in the general area of web usability, little attention has been paid to developing theories of human-web interaction. Accordingly, Neisser's (1976) perceptual cycle, which unifies research on action, perception, and cognition, is used as a framework for a human-web interaction (HuWI) cycle. The HuWI cycle assumes that while users interact with a website, in order to locate certain pieces of information, they sample only goal-relevant information from the website. Users then modify their knowledge of the system, based on the goal-relevant information that was acquired. This newly modified system knowledge then directs their interaction further.
Adaptive Control of F/A-18 Vertical Tail Buffeting

During high-angle-of-attack maneuvers of the F/A-18 aircraft, the unsteady ∞ow over the vertical tails that result from a breakdown of vortices produced at the leading edge and intersection of the wing and fuselage. This unsteady ∞ow results in a severe bufiet-induced vibrations of the vertical tails. This leads to early and premature fatigue failure of the vertical tail structure. Many solutions have been proposed to solve this problem but with very limited results. Linear controllers operating at the same frequency as the structural mode they are controlling (crossover condition) have been very efiective. However, these modal frequencies can shift due to panel ∞utter, corrosion, battle damage and other sources. As this frequency shift increases the linear controller becomes less efiective thus reducing it’s control authority. Thus, the linear controller alone will not be able to completely control vibrations of the vertical tail in normal ∞ight operations. In this paper, an adaptive neural network will be designed to augment the linear controller which will help to control the vertical tail as the controlled frequency shifts. This design of the active structural control system is based on the use of the ofiset piezoceramic stack actuators (OPSA) and an acceleration feedback control (AFC) technique. The design objective is to control the worst bufiet scenario that has been observed during high angle of attack maneuvers while the tail is vibrating in the linear range.
Studies on the Influence of Dietary Structure on Human Certain Diet-related Diseases

Objective To study the influence of dietary structure on human health and certain diet-related diseases. Methods This paper tracks the dietary structure changes of Xuzhou residents over a ten-year period,and compares them with standard dietary models. From 2000 to 2001,a health and diet-related disease investigation was carried out on 41786 randomly selected Xuzhou residents 35 years of age. The results were subjected to logistic regression analyses using the SPSS software package. Results Assessments on the dietary structures of Xuzhou residents showed that caloric and other principle nutritional requirements are satisfied. Xuzhou residents’ diet is low in dairy products,legumes,seafood,vegetables,fruits and high in meat,oils and fats. The prevalence of diet-related diseases and conditions among Xuzhou residents is higher than national average levels with the exception of diabetes. Age,family history,smoking,drinking and obesity form the main risk factors of hypertension,stroke,diabetes,bronchitic asthma and chronic bronchitis,while fruits and physical activities offer protection against these diseases. Conclusion Improvements to existing dietary structures through leveraging controls such as food prices and stipends should be undertaken. Community-based programs aimed at raising public awareness on healthy eating habits and lifestyles and their roles in the prevention of various diet-related chronic diseases should be rigorously pursued.
Analysis of disinfection monitoring results for medical institutions in Baiyun district of Guangzhou from 2009 to 2012

Objective To know the daily disinfection conditions of medical institutions in Baiyun district , and provide scientific basis of disinfection management work for medical institutions. Methods To monitor disinfection effects according to "Hospital Disinfection Standard" of GBl5982-1995, "Disinfection Technical Regulations" (2002 edition) issued by the ministry of health. Results Among the total 4 153 disinfection monitoring samples from medical institutions in Baiyun District from year 2009 to 2012, 3 928 are qualified, with an average passing rate of 94.58%. The qualified annual rates from 2009 to 2012 were 91.68% , 94.20% , 95.20% , and 96.53% , respectively, increasing year by year and with significant differences (P0.01). The use of disinfectants enjoyed the highest pass rate (100%), while hands of medical staff had the lowest rate (91.31%).The qualified rates among different monitoring items showed great variation (P0.01).The qualified rate for district town hospital was 96.97%, private hospitals 94.17%, community health service center 92.64% and private clinics 89.73%. There are significant differences among these four types of institutions (P0.01). Conclusion The disinfection quality of medical institutions in Baiyun district is improving year by year and the disinfection quality of medical institutions of different levels have differences. We need to strengthen the management of disinfection quality for some bottlenecks such as hands of medical staff, indoor air, and UV intensity.
Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction using the tubed free radial forearm flap.

Patients undergoing laryngopharyngectomy require the restoration of both deglutition and voice. The tubed radial forearm flap offers the combined advantages of rapid harvest, minimal morbidity, long flap pedicle, extraordinary reliability, and the possibility of customizing the flap to fit virtually any defect. Most importantly, this technique provides superior restoration of speech and deglutition.
Comparative effects of L-NNA and alkyl esters of L-NNA on pulmonary vasodilator responses to ACh, BK, and SP

The comparative effects of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and N omega-nitro-L-arginine benzyl ester (L-NABE) on baseline tone and on vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin (BK), and substance P (SP) were compared in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat under constant flow conditions. After administration of the NO synthase inhibitors in intravenous doses of 100 mg/kg, the increase in lobar arterial pressure and the attenuation of vasodilator responses to ACh, BK, and SP were similar, whereas responses to adenosine and felodipine, endothelium-independent vasodilator agents, were not altered. In addition to inhibiting responses to ACh, BK, and substance P, the NO synthase inhibitors enhanced vasodilator responses to S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and NO. Moreover, atropine inhibited pulmonary vasodilator responses to ACh but not to SP or BK, and L-NAME or L-NABE had no effect on the decrease in heart rate in response to efferent vagal stimulation, a muscarinic receptor-mediated response that is independent of NO release. The similar inhibitory effects of L-NNA, L-NAME, and L-NABE on vasodilator responses to ACh, BK, and SP suggest that the L-arginine analogue, L-NNA, as well as the methyl and benzyl esters of L-NNA are useful probes for studying NO-mediated endothelium-dependent responses in the pulmonary vascular bed of the intact-chest cat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improving Surface Finish of 3D-printed Metals by Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification

Abstract Poor surface finish of 3D-printed metals significantly deteriorates their corrosion, wear and fatigue resistance. Ultrasonic nano-crystal surface modification (UNSM) is an innovative surface processing technique that utilizes low amplitude ultrasonic frequency vibrations superimposed on a static load to generate plastic deformation on a metal surface to its improve properties and performance. In this study, we investigate the effect of UNSM on the surface finish of 3D-printed metals. An aluminum AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) was used as an example. It has been demonstrated that UNSM can significantly improve surface finish of 3D-printed aluminum alloy. For example, the surface roughness of the AlSi10Mg alloy was decreased from 18 to 3.5 μm. With a better surface finish, UNSM is expected to improve the properties and performance of 3D-printed metals.
Relation of left ventricular hypertrophy, afterload, and contractility to left ventricular performance in Goldblatt hypertension.

To analyze the determinants of left ventricular (LV) performance (myocardial afterload, chamber size, mass, and contractility) in Goldblatt hypertension, 19 anesthetized one-kidney, one-clip (1K1C) and 28 two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) male Wistar rats were studied 58 to 62 days after clipping, together with 19 sham-operated and 13 normal rats (controls), by M-mode echocardiography using necropsy-validated methods of measurement. The LV fractional shortening was inversely related to end-systolic stress in all groups (r = -0.89 to -0.95, all P less than .00001): 7 2K1C (25%) and 9 1K1C (47%) had fractional shortening above the upper confidence limit in control animals. Both 1K1C and 2K1C with high LV performance had severe hypertension, inadequate LV hypertrophy, with resultant high wall stress (both P less than .005), increased LV chamber dimension (P less than .005 and P less than .05, respectively) and high afterload-corrected fractional shortening (both P less than .001); 2K1C also had high plasma renin activity and atrial natriuretic factor levels (both P less than .01). Rats with normal LV performance exhibited mild hypertension, adequate LV hypertrophy (normalizing wall stress), and normal LV chamber size and afterload-corrected fractional shortening. Thus, 8 1/2 weeks after clipping, adequate LV hypertrophy allows maintenance of normal LV function by normalizing myocardial afterload in a majority of rats with Goldblatt hypertension, whereas increased LV contractility (and possibly use of preload reserve in 1K1C) maintains normal LV function in the presence of inadequate LV hypertrophy and elevated wall stress, in a substantial minority of rats that developed more severe Goldblatt hypertension.
A Price Elasticity Effect on the Market for Major League Baseball: A Spectre on the Horizon?

In view of significant changes which have come in the structure of player-management relations in the business of major league professional baseball, this study analyzes specific consumer perceptions from a four-market area. It confronts several areas of attitude which are critical to the continued popularity of the “product” and attempts to isolate any perceived price elasticity of demand for the “product” which might loom on the horizon as dramatic changes continue to emerge in the structure of the sport.
Diversity of Oxalis tuberosa Molina: a comparison between AFLP and microsatellite markers

Traditional crops contribute to food security and agroecological sustainability, but their diversity is increasingly threatened by complex interplays of local and global sociocultural and economic change. Molecular markers are powerful tools to measure and characterize this diversity, and comparisons among different molecular marker systems are necessary to assess their appropriateness in different research contexts. Using a common sample set, we compare amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite (simple sequence repeats; SSRs) techniques to assess their utility in research on the Andean tuber crop oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina, Oxalidaceae). We find that 26 of 27 individuals have distinct AFLP genotypes, and all 27 individuals have distinct SSR genotypes. Both markers systems cluster samples in agreement with morphotype groups and separate clusters with similar strength, but more variation occurs within AFLP-based clusters than within SSR-based clusters. In addition, correlation between marker systems of pairwise distances is positive and significant (R = 0.831, p = 0.001). Ultimately, we discuss each system’s advantages and disadvantages for future oca diversity research.
Government’s Role in Promoting Healthy Living

Worldwide, poor lifestyle behaviors, including obesity, physical inactivity, and low diet quality, are creating an unstainable burden of chronic disease with disparities across geography, race, income, education, and sex. Government plays an important role in addressing lifestyle behaviors and population health, reducing health disparities and chronic disease. Areas for government involvement include surveillance, research, programming, access to health care, quality assurance and guidelines for diet and physical activity (PA). Some view government as paternalistic and favor individual choice; however, there is opportunity to unite diverse approaches with government working across sectors and engaging the private sector. The paper will conclude with specific evidence-based policy approaches to address obesity, nutrition, PA and tobacco use.
Participant-perceived outcomes of merging yoga and occupational therapy: Self-management intervention for people post stroke:

IntroductionThere is a need for development and validation of post-stroke fall-prevention programs. This qualitative study provides an inside look into participant-perceived outcomes of a new and i...
A lexicon of attention: From cognitive science to phenomenology

This article tries to create a bridge of understanding between cognitive scientists and phenomenologists who work on attention. In light of a phenomenology of attention and current psychological and neuropsychological literature on attention, I translate and interpret into phenomenological terms 20 key cognitive science concepts as examined in the laboratory and used in leading journals. As a preface to the lexicon, I outline a phenomenology of attention, especially as a dynamic three-part structure, which I have freely amended from the work of phenomenologist and Gestalt philosopher Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973). As a conclusion, I discuss the nature of subjectivity in attention and attention research, and whether attention might be the same as consciousness.
Do children fare for better and for worse? Associations among child features and parenting with child competence and symptoms

Abstract Children vary in their sensitivity to parenting practices, which may influence their competence and development of psychological symptoms. Three theoretical frameworks that address youth’s sensitivity to parenting and potential outcomes include the diathesis-stress model, differential susceptibility hypothesis, and the vantage sensitivity hypothesis. The purpose of the present review is to examine the relations among child genetic, endophenotypic, and phenotypic attributes with parenting, and links to social and emotional adjustment and symptoms from infancy to young adulthood (18 years of age) that support the diathesis-stress model, differential susceptibility hypothesis, or vantage sensitivity hypothesis. We also examined whether (a) the assessment method (e.g., questionnaires, observations) and (b) developmental period (e.g., early childhood, adolescence) during which variables were assessed influenced support for the theoretical perspectives considered. Support was found for each framework but differed across studies. This inconsistent support may be because some child-specific features act as vulnerabilities, whereas others operate as plasticity factors; the parenting dimension under consideration may influence the adjustment of youth differently; or sex differences in child-specific features may differentially predict youth social and emotional competence or symptom development. Other potential explanations involve issues related to informants and contextual variations in children’s behaviors, different analytic approaches, the assessment method, and developmental period of assessment.
Ursodiol was safe and improved lithotripsy success and recurrence rates

Source Citation Schoenfield LJ, Berci G, Carnovale RL, et al. The effect of ursodiol on the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy of gallstones. The Dornier National Biliary ...
Public Discomfort with Gender Appearance-Inconsistent Bathroom Use: The Oppressive Bind of Bathroom Laws for Transgender Individuals

Previous research with transgender and gender non-conforming samples suggests one’s gender appearance is important in regards to safe access to public bathrooms, as expectations in public bathrooms are an example of gender role social construction and are maintained through gender policing. With the rise of gender related bathroom use legislation, such as North Carolina’s HB-2, it is speculated that transgender individuals face the difficult bind of either using the bathroom consistent with their gender identity to avoid harassment, which means breaking the law, or following the law and breaking societal expectations about gender appearance-congruent bathroom use. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 within-subjects, experimental design the current study investigated public reactions to gender appearance-congruent and gender appearance-incongruent public bathroom use, using a 400 person sample taken from Amazon’s MTurk. The conditions varied by type of bathroom (male or female) in the description, type of image shown (masculine or feminine) and whether the condition contained a gender identity description (no description or transgender description). A total discomfort score served as the dependent variable. Three main hypotheses were tested, (1) there will be a significant 2-way interaction between type of bathroom and type of image, with the condition of a masculine image using a female bathroom (gender appearance-incongruent) having the higher discomfort scores, (2) there will be a significant 3-way interaction, and (3) combined all gender appearance-incongruent conditions will have significantly higher discomfort scores as compared to appearance-congruent conditions. The results of a series of repeated measures ANOVAs supported all three hypotheses, demonstrating the importance of gender appearance in public bathrooms. The social justice implications are discussed along with suggestions for future research.