cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DOPI and PALM imaging of single carbohydrate binding modules bound to cellulose nanocrystals

We use single molecule imaging methods to study the binding characteristics of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) to cellulose crystals. The CBMs are carbohydrate specific binding proteins, and a functional component of most cellulase enzymes, which in turn hydrolyze cellulose, releasing simple sugars suitable for fermentation to biofuels. The CBM plays the important role of locating the crystalline face of cellulose, a critical step in cellulase action. A biophysical understanding of the CBM action aids in developing a mechanistic picture of the cellulase enzyme, important for selection and potential modification. Towards this end, we have genetically modified cellulose-binding CBM derived from bacterial source with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and photo-activated fluorescence protein PAmCherry tags, respectively. Using the single molecule method known as Defocused Orientation and Position Imaging (DOPI), we observe a preferred orientation of the CBM-GFP complex relative to the Valonia cellulose nanocrystals. Subsequent analysis showed the CBMs bind to the opposite hydrophobic faces of the cellulose nanocrystals with a welldefined cross-orientation of about ~ 70°. Photo Activated Localization Microscopy (PALM) is used to localize CBMPAmCherry with a localization accuracy of ~ 10nm. Analysis of the nearest neighbor distributions along and perpendicular to the cellulose nanocrystal axes are consistent with single-file CBM binding along the fiber axis, and microfibril bundles consisting of close packed ~ 20nm or smaller cellulose microfibrils.
A Possible Interaction Between Systemic and Renal Angiotensinogen in the Control of Blood Pressure

Background Angiotensinogen (AGT) is synthesized in the liver and proximal tubule. AGT overexpression at either site might increase blood pressure (BP). We used transgenic mice with AGT overexpression in proximal tubule (K), liver (L), or both sites (KL) to determine the relative contributions of hepatic- and proximal tubule–derived AGT in modulating BP. Methods Hepatic AGT overexpression was obtained using the albumin enhancer promoter; the kidney androgen protein gene was used for proximal tubule AGT overexpression. BP and renin angiotensin system parameters were examined in male KL, K, L, and wild-type mice on normal and high-sodium diets. results Compared with wild-type mice, K and KL mice had higher BP on normal and high-sodium diets. L mice had similar BP to wild-type mice on a normal-sodium diet, but high sodium intake caused hypertension. There were no differences in plasma AGT, plasma renin concentration, urine volume, or urine sodium excretion between the groups. Urine AGT and angiotensin II (Ang II) excretion were higher in KL and K mice than in L or wild-type mice on a normal-sodium diet and increased with high sodium intake. During high sodium intake, urine AGT and Ang II were higher in all transgenic mice vs wild-type mice. conclusions Mice with liver AGT overexpression manifest salt-sensitive hypertension, whereas mice with renal AGT overexpression are hypertensive regardless of salt intake. Systemic AGT may stimulate endogenous renal AGT synthesis during high sodium intake, leading to hypertension in L mice. This suggests that systemic and renal AGT may interact to modulate BP.
Synaptic Mechanisms of Tight Spike Synchrony at Gamma Frequency in Cerebral Cortex.

During the generation of higher-frequency (e.g., gamma) oscillations, cortical neurons can exhibit pairwise tight ( SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We dissected the cellular and synaptic basis of spike synchrony occurring at gamma frequency (30–80 Hz). We used simultaneous targeted whole-cell recordings in an active slice preparation and analyzed the relationships between synaptic inputs and spike generation. We found that both pyramidal and fast-spiking neurons receive large, coherent inhibitory synaptic inputs at gamma frequency. In addition, we found that fast-spiking interneurons receive large, phasic excitatory synaptic inputs immediately before spike generation followed shortly by synaptic inhibition. These data support the principal-interneuron gamma generation model, and reveal how the synaptic connectivity between excitatory and inhibitory neurons supports the generation of gamma oscillations and spike synchrony.
Immunohistochemical techniques in Mohs micrographic surgery: Their potential use in the detection of neoplastic cells masked by inflammation

Abstract Background: Histopathologic evaluation of tissue obtained from Mohs micrographic surgery is the key step in obtaining complete tumor removal. Residual undetected tumor may result in recurrence. Objective: In circumstances in which the histopathologic interpretation is difficult, we assessed the potential use of immunohistochemical techniques to detect tumor in Mohs micrographic surgical specimens. Methods: A rapid immunoperoxidase technique with monoclonal anticytokeratin antibodies was performed on Mohs frozen sections. Cases selected included morpheaform basal cell carcinomas, perineural tumors, and sections with dense inflammation without apparent tumor. Results: Four cases are described as examples that highlight the potential usefulness of immunostaining of Mohs tissue sections. Anticytokeratin antibodies helped to confirm free tumor margins, thus avoiding the unnecessary sacrifice of normal tissue, and to delineate tumor not identified in hematoxylin and eosin frozen sections. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical staining of Mohs micrographic surgical specimens with anticytokeratin antibodies is particularly useful when dense inflammatory infiltrate is present, because the latter may obscure any residual tumor. Application of this technique to difficult cases may prevent tumor recurrences or unnecessary excision of normal tissue.
Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery used for perforated viscus repair is feasible using lower peritoneal pressures than laparoscopy in a porcine model.

Background Procedure-related complications contribute to 1-year mortality in patients with perforated ulcers. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) might offer a new repair approach. Study Design Swine were randomized to laparoscopic or NOTES repair. Laparoscopic gastrotomy creation (1 cm) was followed by 4 hours soilage time. After peritoneal cavity irrigation (per group assignment), repair proceeded with a laparoscopic or NOTES approach. For NOTES repair, omentum was endoscopically grasped, pulled into the gastric lumen, and fixed with metallic clips. Feasibility; time to complete procedures; pneumoperitoneal pressures; and clinical parameters, including necropsy and peritoneal culture at 2 weeks, were recorded. Results NOTES repair failed in 1 animal (technical); repair was completed laparoscopically, and data were analyzed as intention to treat. Specific NOTES repair time (minutes) was comparable with laparoscopy (36 versus 46; p=0.2). Mean abdominal pressure (mmHg) required to complete NOTES repair was lower than in laparoscopy (4 versus 12; p Conclusions Endoscopic ulcer repair appears technically feasible with similar clinical and infectious outcomes to laparoscopy. The lower required pneumoperitoneal pressures used in these NOTES techniques are recognizable different outcomes from laparoscopy and can be advantageous in critically ill patients.
Effects of temperature on feeding duration, success, and efficiency of larval western black-legged ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on western fence lizards

The western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus) is a common tick species throughout the western USA and is the major vector for Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease causing bacterium. Western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) are a major host for juvenile I. pacificus, but are incompetent hosts for B. burgdorferi, which makes this host–parasite relationship of particular interest. In order to shed further light on this complex host–parasite relationship, we investigated the effects of temperature on feeding duration (number of days to repletion), success (number feeding to repletion), and efficiency (replete tick mass) of larval I. pacificus. Western fence lizards were experimentally infested with larval ticks and exposed to three constant temperatures (21, 27, 33 °C). Larvae feeding at 21 °C took approximately twice as long as larvae at 27 and 33 °C. Effects of temperature on feeding duration are likely mediated through effects on host blood circulation and functionality of tick salivary proteins. Our results here suggest temperature is another important factor influencing the feeding dynamics of I. pacificus, and likely other tick species. Future research is needed to clarify the exact mechanisms behind temperature effects on tick feeding.
Demons in the Parking Lot: Auto Workers, Buy American Campaigns, and the "Japanese Threat" in the 1980s

The scene was like something out of a Batman cartoon. The first man lifted the sledgehammer, planted his feet wide apart, sighted over his left shoulder, and THWACK! sank it deep into the car with a grunt of pleasure. The crowd roared. The next man paid up his dollar, swaggered up to the car, hefted the sledgehammer back and forth from one hand to the other, and suddenly WHAM! swung it into the car's front corner, taking off its head-lamp. OOH! AAH! went the crowd. Next in line was a woman. Grinning at the crowd, she picked up the sledgehammer like she'd been using one all her life, and WHACK! sent it through the car's windshield. The crowd went crazy.The object of their aggression was a Toyota, its assailants members of the United Auto Workers any one of dozens of union picnics in the 1980s. Throughout the late seventies, eighties, and early 1990s, unemployment rippled through their communities, U.S. autoworkers again and again directed their frustration at Japanese-owned cars. Toyotas, especially, came ...
Simultaneous determination of two components in dexamethasone-ephedrine nasal drops by HPLC gradient elution

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and ephedrine hydrochloride in dexamethasone-ephedrine nasal drops.Methods The Agilent ZORBAX SB-C_(18) column(150 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) was used.The mobile phase was composed of gradient potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution-methanol-acetonitrile at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The UV detection wavelength was242 nm.Results The linear ranges for dexamethasone sodium phosphate and ephedrine hydrochloride were respectively 5.2 ~52.0 μg/mL(r =0.999 9) and 0.501 ~5.01 mg/mL(r = 0.999 5).The mean recoveries of them were respectively 99.13%and 99.19%with the RSD at 1.46%and 1.04%.Conclusion This method is simple,accurate and reliable,and can be used for the quality control of dexamethasone-ephedrine nasal drops.
Trends in Electronic Health Record System Use Among Office-based Physicians: United States, 2007-2012

Objectives—This report presents trends in the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) by office-based physicians during 2007–2012. Rates of adoption are compared by selected physician and practice characteristics. Methods—The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) is based on a national probability sample of nonfederal office-based physicians who see patients in an office setting. Prior to 2008, data on physician characteristics were collected through in-person interviews with physicians. To increase the sample for analyzing physician adoption of EHR systems, starting in 2008, NAMCS physician interview data were supplemented with data from an EHR mail survey. This report presents estimates from the 2007 in-person interviews, combined 2008–2010 data from both the in-person interviews and the EHR mail surveys, and 2011–2012 data from the EHR mail surveys. Sample data were weighted to produce national estimates of office-based physician characteristics and their practices. Results—In 2012, 71.8% of office-based physicians reported using any type
Breast-feeding perceptions, beliefs and experiences of Marshallese migrants: an exploratory study.

Objective To determine perceptions, beliefs and experiences affecting breast-feeding in Marshallese mothers residing in Northwest Arkansas, USA. Design A qualitative, exploratory study using a brief survey and focus groups. Marshallese women, 18 years or older who had a child under 7 years of age, were included in the study. Setting Community-based organization in Northwest Arkansas. Results The majority of mothers viewed breast milk as superior to formula, but had concerns about adequate milk supply and the nutritional value of their milk. The primary barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in the USA included public shaming (both verbal and non-verbal), perceived milk production and quality, and maternal employment. These barriers are not reported in the Marshall Islands and are encountered only after moving to the USA. Breast-feeding mothers rely heavily on familial support, especially the eldest female, who may not reside in the USA. The influence of institutions, including the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, is strong and may negatively affect breast-feeding. Conclusions Despite the belief that breast milk is the healthiest option, breast-feeding among Marshallese mothers is challenged by numerous barriers they encounter as they assimilate to US cultural norms. The barriers and challenges, along with the strong desire to assimilate to US culture, impact Marshallese mothers' perceptions, beliefs and experiences with breast-feeding.
WiP Abstract: Platform for Designing and Managing Resilient and Extensible CPS

Extensible Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are loosely connected, multi-domain platforms that "virtualize" their resources to provide an open platform capable of hosting different cyber-physical applications. These cyber- physical platforms are extensible since resources and applications can be added or removed at any time. However, realizing such platform requires resolving challenges emanating from different properties1; for this paper, we focus on resilience. Resilience is important for extensible CPS to make sure that extensibility of a system doesn't result in failures and anomalies.
Efficacy of infectious bronchitis virus vaccines against heterologous challenge

Twenty-four-week-old white Leghorn layers were inoculated subcutaneously with a killed Newcastle disease-infectious bronchitis (Massachusetts type) virus (MIBV) vaccine. Twenty-eight weeks after vaccination, the birds were challenged intraocularly with the Arkansas strain of infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) to determine the effects of heterologous virus exposure on egg production, egg quality and serum antibody response of the birds. The challenged hens laid significantly (P less than 0.005) fewer eggs than the unchallenged layers. Eggs laid by the unchallenged groups weighed significantly more (P less than 0.005) than those laid by the challenged groups. Further, the internal quality (Haugh units) and shell quality of eggs laid by the AIBV-challenged hens was significantly (P less than 0.005) inferior to those from the unchallenged hens. In addition, the AIBV-challenged hens laid more soft-shell, misshapen and small eggs than the unchallenged hens. The Arkansas serum haemagglutination inhibition (AIBV-HI) titres of AIBV challenged birds increased up to four weeks after challenge. The corresponding MIBV haemagglutination-inhibition (MIBV-HI) titres decreased during the same period. The study indicates that killed MIBV vaccine offered no protection to birds exposed to heterologous AIBV.
Civil Authority in an Unfamiliar Setting

Occupying a comparatively small geographical region at the far western extreme of the Eurasian land mass, Europeans had fashioned for themselves a remarkable patchwork of political forms across the centuries between the disintegration of Roman authority and the advent of an inchoate ‘national’ sense during the early modern period. More the product of reflexive contingency than the result of any thoughtful, planned construction, there was nothing to compare with the congeries of European governmental models in the Ottoman lands, in South Asia, or in the vast expanses of the East generally. By 1500 there were literally hundreds of more or less independent political units in Europe, each one headed by rulers who were more often than not first among equals, with sometimes hundreds of competing power holders within often shifting boundaries. This situation dictated that all prospective state-building programmes would involve a process of agglomeration and absorption, at the inevitable cost of affronting tradition and privilege, and prompting jurisdictional feuds, at almost every turn.1 In an important respect political thought in the early modern period consists of ‘a series of reactions to this political change’, attempts both to justify and to oppose the expanding power of the state.2
Flash Memories: ISPP Renewal Theory and Flash Design Tradeoffs

In the write process of multilevel per cell (MLC) flash memories, an iterative approach is used to mitigate the monotonicity problem. The monotonicity in programming is considered to be the major restriction in MLC flash. To solve this issue, an iterative approach called incremental step pulse programming (ISPP) is used to concurrently program lots of cells in small steps. In this paper, we are mostly concerned with deriving a mathematical model for iterative programming using the framework of renewal theory . We obtain a closed-form approximation for the probability distribution of the number of steps required in the ISPP process. We also bound the maximal error between the true distribution and our approximation. Moreover, the results obtained help to accurately analyze the effect of inter-cell interference in this type of memory. Finally, we devise an adaptive step size approach for write process to strike a balance between latency and lifetime under fixed bit error rate constraints or information rate constraints.
Vestibular Head- Eye Coordination: a Geometrical Sensorimotor Neurocomputer Paradigm#

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the vestibular head- eye coordination—a geometrical sensorimotor neurocomputer paradigm. Vestibulo-cerebellum attains an outstandingly high proportion of the brain in birds. Accordingly, they are masters of flying; rapidly changing their body-shape to adapt to turbulent conditions. Flight is controlled by an “on-board, real­time” neurocomputer that relies on an error-tolerant, gracefully degrading, massively parallel and therefore, fast neural network. Also, it need not rely on supercomplex software that characterizes, and causes most of the breakdowns, of present-day serial computer systems. The vestibulo-cerebellum is an integral part of gaze-stabilization systems, such as those which generate eye-movements and head-movements that compensate for displacements of the body and thus, ensure a steady gaze. Also, the pursuit and saccadic eye movement system provides the fastest and most precise biological example of target-tracking and interception. The approach of generalized coordinates intrinsic to central nervous system (CNS) function requires an anatomical data-base.
A high responsivity SnO 2 hollow nanospheres based ultraviolet photodetector

Hollow spherical nano structures have shown great potential in the field of optoelectronics. As a wide band gap material, SnO 2 has electrical and optical properties well suited for its use in fabrication of ultraviolet photodetectors. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of SnO 2 hollow nanospheres. The spheres are used as active material to fabricate a UV photodetector. The electrical characteristics of the device have also been presented. The fabricated detector exhibits a peak UV responsivity of 2680 A/W and high external quantum efficiency of 9.8 × 105%. This paper shows SnO 2 hollow nanospheres as a promising material for fabricating high sensitivity ultraviolet photodetectors.
Introduction: Indispensable and Other Myths: Why the CEO Pay Experiment Failed and How to Fix It

Prodded by economists in the 1970s, corporate directors began adding stock options and bonuses to the already-generous salaries of CEOs with hopes of boosting their companies’ fortunes. Guided by largely unproven assumptions, this trend continues today. So what are companies getting in return for all the extra money? Not much, according to the empirical data. This posting is an excerpt from my newly released book, Indispensable and Other Myths: Why the CEO Pay Experiment Failed and How to Fix It (University of California Press 2014). The book explores the consequences of this development. It shows how performance pay has not demonstrably improved corporate performance and offers studies showing that performance pay cannot improve performance on the kind of tasks companies ask of their CEOs. Moreover, CEOs of large established companies do not typically have much impact on their companies’ results. Indispensable argues that companies should give up on the decades-long experiment to mold compensation into a corporate governance tool and maps out a rationale for returning to the era of guaranteed salaries.
Thin-Layer Chromatography

TLC is used extensively in nucleic acid chemistry to monitor the progress of chemical reactions, to assay fractions collected from a larger chromatographic separation (e.g., column chromatography), and to determine optimal conditions prior to column chromatography. This unit describes methods for spotting test compounds onto a TLC plate, developing the plate in a suitable solvent system, visualizing the results, and calculating the retention factor (R(f)). Candidate compounds can be co-spotted for identification without relying on R(f) values.
Jesuit Missionary Linguistics in the Pacific Northwest: A Comparative Study

n 1891, Father Joseph Cataldo, superior of Jesuit activities in the Pacific Northwest, visited St. Ignatius Mission, Montana. Overseer of his order's Rocky Mountain Mission, a vast enterprise embracing the modern states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana, Cataldo was required to make annual inspection tours of every mission outpost. During his stay at St. Ignatius, he conferred with the mission's treasurer, James Rebmann, who was charged with the financial management of the mission's extensive ranch and its industrial boarding school for Indian boys. Cataldo asked Rebmann what progress he had made in the study of the Indian language. The young priest replied that his job as treasurer took all his time. "Busy as he was with building and managing the mission farm with its cattle and horses," he conceded "he had made no progress whatever." Cataldo was not pleased. He ordered Rebmann "to preach in Indian, three months from that date, and to send a copy of the sermon, after preaching it," to his office in Spokane.1 Cataldo, whose career spanned sixty-three years, knew that the ability to speak aboriginal tongues was crucial for successful evangelization. That language serves as a key to the minds and hearts of a people, and to their culture, was a truism recognized by all effective missionaries. "For purposes of civilization, and especially of Christianization," wrote a Congregational minister who lived among the Sioux, the knowledge of Indian
Trends in and Characteristics of Marijuana and Menthol Cigarette Use Among Current Cigarette Smokers, 2005-2014.

Background Given increasing co-marijuana and tobacco use in the United States, this study aimed to explore the overlap between menthol cigarette use (MCU) and marijuana. Methods Data came from past month US cigarette smokers 12 years and older responding to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health between 2005 and 2014 (N = 51 500). Prevalence, demographics and substance use characteristics from 2013 to 2014 were assessed across four groups, based on past month marijuana and tobacco use: cigarette smokers with marijuana and MCU, with marijuana but no MCU, with no marijuana but MCU, and with use of neither. Multivariable logistic regression explored the relationship between MCU, marijuana, and dependence. Linear and quadratic trends were assessed using logistic regression with orthogonal polynomials. Results Past month marijuana/MCU among cigarette smokers was 8.3% in 2013-2014. Overall, marijuana/MCU was significantly higher among blacks versus whites (20.8% vs. 5.8%, p < .0001), though among 12-25 year olds, prevalence was significantly higher among whites versus blacks (6.3% vs. 0.9% for 12-17-year-olds; 39.2% vs. 26.8% for 18-25-year-olds). Marijuana/MCU increased significantly between 2005 and 2014 overall, and among whites and blacks. No adjusted associations were found between marijuana, MCU and nicotine or marijuana dependence. Conclusions Past month marijuana/MCU among cigarette smokers is increasing in the United States, with specific racial and age-based disparities. Research about the implications of consuming both marijuana and menthol, and the potential overlap in consumption of flavors across the products is warranted to better inform future preventive and treatment approaches. Implications This is the first study to assess the overlap between MCU and marijuana use among a nationally representative sample of US current smokers ages 12 and older. Findings from this study suggest that past month marijuana and menthol use among cigarette smokers is increasing in the United States, with specific racial/ethnic and age-based disparities. More research about the implications of consuming both marijuana and menthol, and the potential overlap in consumption of flavors in marijuana and tobacco products is warranted to better understand what preventive and treatment approaches may be needed.
Playing to beat the blues

This study examined the effects of exposure to specific message features on the usage of mental health video games applications. Based on linguistic agency and disease causality, participants with mild depression read messages assigning agency to depression or to humans and depicting depression as external or internal before accessing a video game designed for handling depression symptoms. Assigning internal causality language led to greater game usability and higher intentions of using the games. Game performance and time spent playing the games, was higher for external causality language. Overall, findings from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of specific message prompt features to promote video game experience for mental health apps. Participants with mild depression read message prompts before using a health game app.Endogenous causality language in message prompts led to increased app engagement.Endogenous causality language in message prompts increased intentions to use the app.Exogenous causality prompts led to more time spent with the app and game performance.
New properties of whistler modes

Two new properties of whistler modes have been observed in a large laboratory plasma which are relevant to whistler waves in space plasmas. The first is the reflection of whistler modes by nonuniform magnetic fields whose gradient scale length is comparable to the wavelength. Such situations may arise near shock waves, reconnection geometries, lunar crustal magnetic fields, and possibly for long wavelength whistlers in dipolar fields. The second observation shows that whistler modes can have linear polarizations. It arises by interference of wave packets. This observation may help interpret the variety of polarizations observed in magnetospheric whistlers.
Indium-111 Labeled Cells: New Approaches and Radiation Dosimetry

A large number of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are now available* to human leukocyte cell surface antigens. An incomplete list includes MoAbs specific for T lymphocytes; B cell associated antigen; a 24,000 dalton surface structure present on bone marrow lymphohemopoietic precursors and lymphoid leukemic cells; antigens primarily expressed on cells of T lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophase lineage; and “pan-T” reagent detecting a 65,000 dalton antigen (T65) common to all normal and leukemic T lymphocytes. This list is being increased monthly by several innovative companies* concerned with the development of new monoclonal antibodies. Using bifunctional chelates it is now possible to label MoAbs with In-111 for in vivo imaging(1). The advantages and disadvantages of using MoAbs are listed in Table 1.
Burkholderia Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Melioidosis is a frequently fatal infection caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. It is a rare imported pathogen in the United States and is a potential bioterror agent. We report the case of an 82-year-old previously healthy man who presented with 2 weeks of fever and epigastric pain after he returned from the Philippines. A diagnosis of nondissecting mycotic aneurysm in the descending thoracic aorta was made with the help of CT angiogram and positive blood cultures. The patient completely recovered with a 6-month antibiotic therapy followed by surgical repair of the aneurysm. Given the slight increase in the number of melioidosis cases reported by CDC since 2008, melioidosis might be considered an emerging infectious disease in the United States. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of the disease among clinicians as well as travelers.
Imaging Characteristics Predict Operative Difficulty Mobilizing the Sciatic Nerve for Proximal Hamstring Repair.

BACKGROUND Repair of proximal hamstring avulsions requires mobilization of the sciatic nerve away from the tendon stump, which can be achieved with varying difficulty depending on the degree of scar formation and adherence. Predicting when a scarred, adherent, difficult-to-mobilize nerve will be encountered has been difficult. OBJECTIVE To identify clinical and/or radiological factors predictive of a difficult intraoperative dissection of the sciatic nerve during proximal hamstring repair. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of consecutive patients undergoing proximal hamstring repair. We compared the groups with and without a difficult sciatic nerve dissection. RESULTS The total cohort consisted of 67 patients. Factors found to increase the likelihood of a difficult sciatic nerve dissection included complete conjoint tendon avulsion, higher maximal amount of tendon retraction, higher degree of imaging abnormality in the sciatic nerve, and higher degree of circumferential relationship of hematoma to the sciatic nerve. At a threshold of 23 for the Sciatic Nerve Dissection Score, the positive and negative predictive values were 53% and 88%, respectively. For the decision tree, the positive and negative predictive values were 75% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSION We have identified imaging factors associated with a scarred, adherent sciatic nerve that predict a difficult dissection during proximal hamstring repair. We have developed 2 novel methods-the Sciatic Nerve Dissection Score and a decision tree-that can be applied to predict the probability of a difficult sciatic nerve dissection at the time of surgical repair.
A New Collision Cross Section Set for Silane

Plasma chemistry of monosilane (SiH 4) has provided rich sources of technological applications through the synthesis of amorphous silicon thin films. In order to identify the important precursors and understand the mechanisms/morphology of film growth, low energy electron collisions with SiH 4 have received considerable attention in the literature.1 Besides being technologically important, fundamentally, SiH 4 is also of theoretical interest (as analogous to C H 4) as a prototype polyatomic molecule for electron scattering calculations.2
Genomic Sequence Data and BLAST

In this chapter we consider Sequence Data and alignment using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to be able to compare nucleotide sequence information, accessing the web version through the Wolfram Language.
Documentation of Contraception and Pregnancy Intention In Medicaid Managed Care.

Context:Clinical guidelines recommend the documentation of pregnancy intention and family planning needs during primary care visits. Prior to the 2014 Medicaid expansion and release of these guidel...
Growing Neural PC-12 Cell on Crosslinked Silica Aerogels Increases Neurite Extension in the Presence of an Electric Field

Externally applied electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to enhance the nerve regeneration process and to influence the directionality of neurite outgrowth. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of the substrate used for nerve-cell regeneration is critical in fostering regeneration. Previously, we have shown that polyurea-crosslinked silica aerogels (PCSA) exert a positive influence on the extension of neurites by PC-12 cells, a cell-line model widely used to study neurite extension and electrical excitability. In this work, we have examined how an externally applied electric field (EF) influences the extension of neurites in PC-12 cells grown on two substrates: collagen-coated dishes versus collagen-coated crosslinked silica aerogels. The externally applied direct current (DC) bias was applied in vitro using a custom-designed chamber containing polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) embedded copper electrodes to create an electric field across the substrate for the cultured PC-12 cells. Results suggest orientation preference towards the anode, and, on average, longer neurites in the presence of the applied DC bias than with 0 V DC bias. In addition, neurite length was increased in cells grown on silica-crosslinked aerogel when compared to cells grown on regular petri-dishes. These results further support the notion that PCSA is a promising material for nerve regeneration.
The Twofold Phenomenon in Naming: A Reflection from the Confucian-Taoist Yin-Yang Dialectical, Monistic Perspective

In the evolution of the phenomenological inquiry, predominant in the West, the present trend has been characterized in Strasser’s Phenomenology and the Human Sciences as hermeneutic, intuitive and dialectical. If this contention holds true, then the Eastern ideas could converge with this trend in what may be modified as a view of a twofold phenomenon (Yin-Yang) in a dialectical relationship of complementarity in contradiction for describing the being and becoming of world phenomena. Within such a framework neither the idealistic view nor the materialistic view is adequate to interpret the unique power of the mind which operates as a mediator, synthesizer, harmonizer and creator to effect our cognition in its existence, whatever the purpose may be. This paper attempts to use the primary step of our cognition — name creating, name using and name content — to illustrate this monistic approach and point out the potential in which the meeting of the minds between the East and the West could occur.
A Comment on Econometric Information Recovery and Inference from Indirect Noisy Economic Data

The focus of this paper is on starting a critical discussion on the state of econometrics. The problem of information recovery in economics is discussed, and information theoretic methods are suggested as an estimation and inference framework for analyzing questions of a causal nature and learning about hidden dynamic micro and macro processes and systems, that may not be in equilibrium.
The activation energy for water reorientation differs between IR pump-probe and NMR measurements.

Molecular reorientation dynamics in liquid water are typically probed using either infrared (IR) pump-probe anisotropy experiments or the NMR spin-echo technique. While it is widely appreciated that the two yield different reorientation times based on the nature of the measurements, little attention has been paid to the implications for the corresponding activation energies. Here, the activation energies associated with reorientation of the OH bond vector in liquid water are calculated to high accuracy directly from simulations at a single temperature using a recently developed method [Z. A. Piskulich et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147, 134103 (2017)]. The results indicate that the reorientation times obtained from IR anisotropy and NMR measurements have different activation energies that, with improved accuracy, should be experimentally distinguishable. The origins of the differences in the two activation energies are examined in detail, including by a decomposition into the contributions to the activation energies due to the kinetic energy and the intermolecular interactions.Molecular reorientation dynamics in liquid water are typically probed using either infrared (IR) pump-probe anisotropy experiments or the NMR spin-echo technique. While it is widely appreciated that the two yield different reorientation times based on the nature of the measurements, little attention has been paid to the implications for the corresponding activation energies. Here, the activation energies associated with reorientation of the OH bond vector in liquid water are calculated to high accuracy directly from simulations at a single temperature using a recently developed method [Z. A. Piskulich et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147, 134103 (2017)]. The results indicate that the reorientation times obtained from IR anisotropy and NMR measurements have different activation energies that, with improved accuracy, should be experimentally distinguishable. The origins of the differences in the two activation energies are examined in detail, including by a decomposition into the contributions to the activation energ...
Power Loss Minimization in Islanded Microgrids: A Communication-Free Decentralized Power Control Approach Using Extremum Seeking

This paper focuses on islanded microgrids and presents a method to allocate power among the distributed generation units (DGs) to minimize the distribution power loss. Motivated by the need for decentralized control strategies with minimal communication among grid components to support a robust and plug-and-play operation, a communication-free decentralized power control approach is developed for power loss minimization based on the extremum-seeking (ES) method. In this approach, the DGs implement ES simultaneously and separately to minimize their current outputs by controlling the active power. The total power loss is thus reduced without the need for any grid structure information or communication in the optimization process. This approach results in a non-cooperative game. The existence of a Nash equilibrium to this game and its stability are proved. The numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach and show its ability to maintain low-power loss under different operating conditions in a plug-and-play manner.
Family and Friend Influences on Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Elementary Aged Children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behaviors and social cognitive factors that affect fruit and vegetable consumption. Strategies to change, pros & cons, enjoyment, family support, and peer influence were measured in children ages 8–10 years both pre- and post- Zest Quest® program (pre: n = 82; post: n = 80). Children for a comparison group were selected from comparable elementary schools and pre- and post- measures were evaluated (pre: n = 92; post: n = 87). Chi-squared analyses were conducted on individual measures and Spearman correlations & linear regression were used for composite variables with fruit and vegetable consumption as the dependent variable. Results from the study demonstrated significant moderate correlations for fruit change strategies pre- (rs = 0.39) and post-intervention (rs = 0.33) and vegetable change strategies pre-intervention (rs = 0.42) in the Zest Quest® group. Peer influence (rs = 0.33) and enjoyment (rs = 0.38) showed significant moderate correlations with fruit intake in the comparison group. The regression analysis showed pros (β = 0.24, p value 0.05) and cons (β = 0.14, p value 0.05) to be significant predictors for fruit intake post-intervention in the Zest Quest® group. Prior to the intervention, strategies to change (β = 0.10, p value 0.02) was a significant predictor for fruit intake and cons (β = 0.15, p value = 0.03) for vegetable intake in this group. Family support and peer influence were not significant in the regression models, but demonstrated significance in the crude model. Eating behaviors and social cognitive factors may have an effect on fruit and vegetable consumption, but these measures are difficult to capture. Future research should continue exploring the impact of family support and peer influence on fruit and vegetable intake.
Meeting the Behavioral Health Needs of LGBT Older Adults

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults face an increased risk of adverse behavioral health outcomes compared with the general population of older adults, yet little attention has been given to factors contributing to these disparities or to the ways in which clinicians can address these challenges. We present the case of a 75-year-old widowed lesbian woman with depression to illustrate how a lifetime of exposure to discrimination and stigma can produce high levels of stress and isolation while also fostering resilience. We then offer recommendations and resources for promoting psychological health among LGBT older adults by attending to the historical and cultural forces that affect LGBT health, and by implementing inclusive policies and programming. The article concludes with suggestions for advancing research and policy to help achieve greater health equity for LGBT older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1565-1570, 2019.
The Effects of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Consumption and Use of a Dopamine Antagonist on Intake, Digestibility, Body Temperature, and Blood Constituents in Sheep'

Two experiments were conducted with lambs that consumed endophyte-infected (Acremonium coenophialum) tall fescue diets under elevated temperature and humidity and supplemented with the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide (M). In Exp. 1, 12 ruminally cannulated wethers (average weight 49 kg) were allotted by weight to either an endophyte-free diet (E-) or endophyte-infected diet (E+; 1,170 ppb of ergovaline), or E+ supplemented with M (15 mg/kg of lamb BW; E+M). Ad libitum DM intake and digestibility were lower (P < .05) for E+ than for E- diet. Supplementation of E+ with M increased (P < .05) DM intake by 27.6% but did not change DM digestibility. Body temperature increased (P < .05) when lambs consumed E+ and was further increased when M was supplemented. For Exp. 2, 19 wether lambs (average weight 24 kg) were allotted to treatments to evaluate the effects of endophyte consumption (0 vs 2,430 ppb of ergovaline) and supplementation with M (0 vs 20 mg/kg BW). An interaction (P < .05) of main effects was measured for DM intake. Lambs that consumed E+M consumed more DM than did lambs fed only E+, but lambs offered the E- diet and supplemented with M did not increase DM consumption. Diet DM digestibility was not different among treatments. Skin vaporization decreased (P < .05) due to E+ consumption and M supplementation. The concentration of prolactin in plasma was decreased (P < .05) by consumption of E+ (8 vs 136 ng/mL) and did not increase due to M supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Circadian Rhythms and Sleep.

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an evolutionarily conserved, structural, and functional separation between circulating blood and the central nervous system (CNS). By controlling permeability into and out of the nervous system, the BBB has a critical role in the precise regulation of neural processes. Here, we review recent studies demonstrating that permeability at the BBB is dynamically controlled by circadian rhythms and sleep. An endogenous circadian rhythm in the BBB controls transporter function, regulating permeability across the BBB. In addition, sleep promotes the clearance of metabolites along the BBB, as well as endocytosis across the BBB. Finally, we highlight the implications of this regulation for diseases, including epilepsy.
Sequential and efficient neural-population coding of complex task information

Abstract Recent work has highlighted that many types of variables are represented in each neocortical area. How can these many neural representations be organized together without interference, and coherently maintained/updated through time? We recorded from large neural populations in posterior cortices as mice performed a complex, dynamic task involving multiple interrelated variables. The neural encoding implied that correlated task variables were represented by uncorrelated modes in an information-coding subspace. We show via theory that this can enable optimal decoding directions to be insensitive to neural noise levels. Across posterior cortex, principles of efficient coding thus applied to task-specific information, with neural-population modes as the encoding unit. Remarkably, this encoding function was multiplexed with rapidly changing, sequential neural dynamics, yet reliably followed slow changes in task-variable correlations through time. We can explain this as due to a mathematical property of high-dimensional spaces that the brain might exploit as a temporal scaffold.
Technology Predictions: Art, Science, and Fashion

Making accurate predictions isn't easy. However, many people have enjoyed making predictions throughout history, and even more individuals have taken part in learning about predictions.
Adrenal cortical carcinoma: pathology, genomics, prognosis, imaging features, and mimics with impact on management

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. Most tumors are either metastatic or locally invasive at the time of diagnosis. Differentiation between ACC and other adrenal masses depends on clinical, biochemical, and imaging factors. This review will discuss the genetics, pathological, and imaging feature of ACC.
Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Youth Firearm Access, Possession or Carrying

Firearm homicide and suicide are the leading causes of violence-related injury deaths among U.S. youth. However, evaluations of the effectiveness of firearm violence prevention programs and strategies to reducing youth firearm violence are limited. To help inform and evaluate such efforts, this study aimed to identify risk and protective factors associated with youth firearm access, possession or carrying (for reasons other than hunting or target shooting) among a sample of U.S. urban youth in the Mountain West. Findings show the influence that youth violence risk (e.g., having friends engaged in delinquency; violence; drug sales; gang fights; exposure to violence; screening positive for violence risk) can have on youth firearm access, possession or carrying. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
SUCCESSFUL 3RD TRIMESTER DELIVERY IN SEQUENTIAL LEFT SIDED STENOTIC RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

Approximately 90% of all heart disease in women of child-bearing age is due to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), in non-industrialized regions. In the US, congenital bicuspid aortic valve (AV) has been the primary cause of aortic stenosis (AS), but with evolving immigration policies RHD may be
Mobility on Demand in the United States

The growth of shared mobility services and enabling technologies, such as smartphone apps, is contributing to the commodification and aggregation of transportation services. This chapter reviews terms and definitions related to Mobility on Demand (MOD) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS), the mobility marketplace, stakeholders, and enablers. This chapter also reviews the U.S. Department of Transportation’s MOD Sandbox Program, including common opportunities and challenges, partnerships, and case studies for employing on-demand mobility pilots and programs. The chapter concludes with a discussion of vehicle automation and on-demand mobility including pilot projects and the potential transformative impacts of shared automated vehicles on parking, land use, and the built environment.