cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using the 500 m MODIS Land Cover Product to Derive a Consistent Continental Scale 30 m Landsat Land Cover Classification

Abstract Classification is a fundamental process in remote sensing used to relate pixel values to land cover classes present on the surface. Over large areas land cover classification is challenging particularly due to the cost and difficulty of collecting representative training data that enable classifiers to be consistent and locally reliable. A novel methodology to classify large volume Landsat data using high quality training data derived from the 500 m MODIS land cover product is demonstrated and used to generate a 30 m land cover classification for all of North America between 20°N and 50°N. Publically available 30 m global monthly Web-enabled Landsat Data (GWELD) products generated from every available Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat 5 TM image for a three year period, that are defined aligned to the MODIS land products and are consistently pre-processed data (cloud-screened, saturation flagged, atmospherically corrected and normalized to nadir BRDF adjusted reflectance), were classified. The MODIS 500 m land cover product was filtered judiciously, using only good quality pixels that did not change land cover class in 2009, 2010 or 2011, followed by automated selection of spatially corresponding 30 m GWELD temporal metric values, to define a large training data set sampled across North America. The training data were sampled so that the class proportions were the same as the North America MODIS land cover product class proportions and corresponded to 1% of the 500 m and
Sol-gel process for glass integrated optics

The sol-gel process allows the synthesis of a wide variety of amorphous as well as crystalline materials which can exhibit useful passive or active optical properties. The process offers many advantages, such as low-temperature synthesis, excellent control and flexibility over composition and design. For applications in future integrated optics, the sol-gel process is flexible in making various kinds of optical components which either have been successfully made or have potential in their realization. This paper examines a number of the state-of-the-art optical components fabricable by the sol-gel process for glass integrated optics. Major examples furnished are in glass substrates and waveguides, third-order nonlinear materials, lasers and optical amplifiers, optical fibers, and gradient-index lenses. The benefits as well as limitations by using the sol-gel approach will be critically presented.
Analysis of Acquired Genomic Copy Number Aberrations and Regions of Loss of Heterozygosity in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Genomes Using Affymetrix SNP 6.0 Arrays and Supporting Software Tools

The application of SNP array technology to the analysis of cancer genomes has greatly advanced our knowledge of the incidence and functional consequences of acquired genomic copy number aberrations (aCNA) and LOH in various malignancies. The major challenges of using SNP arrays are accurately identifying acquired genomic DNA aberrations in the raw array data with very high sensitivity and specificity and meaningfully assessing the associations between these aberrations and biological characteristics or patient outcomes. Critical to the success and valid interpretation of data derived from SNP array profiling are (1) the purity of cells used as a source of template DNA; (2) the analysis of paired DNA samples (tumor and normal); (3) use of validated software tools for data analysis; (4) access to an acceptable gold standard for aCNA and LOH, including FISH data, cytogenetic results, and Q-PCR data; and (5) statistical support to employ or develop algorithmic approaches to SNP array data analysis. Overcalling of lesions including lack of validation and undercalling of lesions that display low fractional allelic representations are common problems. This guide should help the reader establish this powerful technology in the laboratory and aims to stimulate transition of SNP array profiling into clinical applications.
Biopolymers: Biodegradable Alternatives to Traditional Plastics

A variety of biologically derived polymers (termed “bio-based polymers” or “biopolymers”) have been examined for replacement of petrochemically derived polymers in many applications. In general, these polymers have either a structural or a nutritional role in the organisms that synthesize them. As biopolymers for our use, they have been removed from their biocatalyst organism and purified to assess their molecular properties. Biopolymers have a variety of structural characteristics that make them useful for different applications. In many cases, such as medical applications, biocompatibility is required of polymers; however, mechanical strength, flexibility, toughness, structural stability, and biodegradability may also be required. In this chapter, animal-based polymers (collagen, silk), plant-based polymers (cellulose, starch), and microbe-derived polymers (polyhydroxyalkanoate, cellulose) are examined in terms of their primary chemical structure, functions, and application as bio-based alternatives to petroleum-based polymers.
Accounting for helpful and harmful human reactions in run-time assurance frameworks

Run-Time Assurance is a hybrid controller architecture that bounds the behavior of a nondeterministic or intractably complex primary controller by monitoring vehicle state and switching over to a simpler, more straightforward controller that single-mindedly avoids a given hazard. Multiple layers of Run-Time Assurance protections allow for the benefits of a human contribution to aid in upset prevention while maintaining a safety net of automatic recovery in case the pilot's action is harmful, insufficient, or nonexistent. This research is an incremental step toward completing the Stall Prevention and Run Time Assurance (SPaRTA) project at the University of Tulsa.
Increased rainfall volume from future convective storms in the US

Mesoscale convective system (MCS)-organized convective storms with a size of ~100 km have increased in frequency and intensity in the USA over the past 35 years 1 , causing fatalities and economic losses 2 . However, their poor representation in traditional climate models hampers the understanding of their change in the future 3 . Here, a North American-scale convection-permitting model which is able to realistically simulate MSCs 4 is used to investigate their change by the end-of-century under RCP8.5 (ref. 5 ). A storm-tracking algorithm 6 indicates that intense summertime MCS frequency will more than triple in North America. Furthermore, the combined effect of a 15–40% increase in maximum precipitation rates and a significant spreading of regions impacted by heavy precipitation results in up to 80% increases in the total MCS precipitation volume, focussed in a 40 km radius around the storm centre. These typically neglected increases substantially raise future flood risk. Current investments in long-lived infrastructures, such as flood protection and water management systems, need to take these changes into account to improve climate-adaptation practices. Limitations with climate models have previously prevented accurate diagnosis of future changes in mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). A convection-permitting model now indicates that summer MCSs will triple by 2100 in the United States, with a corresponding increase in rainfall rates and areal extent.
Words Matter: The Role of Texts in Online Credit Markets

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, as a form of debt-based crowdfunding, has received much attention in the past several years. Text, in particular, is a prevalent feature but much less understood. While there have been some studies on the role of texts in this context, they consider text as a control variable, and use manual coded small samples. Our study is one of the first to use a scalable approach to examine the informational value of texts borrowers write when requesting funds in debt crowdfunding. We first examine data from exogenous events on Prosper.com, and show that investors indeed consider textual descriptions when investing. Then, we show that text features can indeed explain and predict loan default, using both explanatory and predictive models. Finally, we show that investors correctly interpret the informational value of some, but not all, features of texts. Our study points to opportunities for efficiency improvement not yet documented in the crowdfunding literature, and has implications for researchers, platform owners, and regulators.
"Learning-Compression" Algorithms for Neural Net Pruning

Pruning a neural net consists of removing weights without degrading its performance. This is an old problem of renewed interest because of the need to compress ever larger nets so they can run in mobile devices. Pruning has been traditionally done by ranking or penalizing weights according to some criterion (such as magnitude), removing low-ranked weights and retraining the remaining ones. We formulate pruning as an optimization problem of finding the weights that minimize the loss while satisfying a pruning cost condition. We give a generic algorithm to solve this which alternates "learning" steps that optimize a regularized, data-dependent loss and "compression" steps that mark weights for pruning in a data-independent way. Magnitude thresholding arises naturally in the compression step, but unlike existing magnitude pruning approaches, our algorithm explores subsets of weights rather than committing irrevocably to a specific subset from the beginning. It is also able to learn automatically the best number of weights to prune in each layer of the net without incurring an exponentially costly model selection. Using a single pruning-level user parameter, we achieve state-of-the-art pruning in LeNet and ResNets of various sizes.
Dehydration triggers ecdysone-mediated recognition-protein priming and elevated anti-bacterial immune responses in Drosophila Malpighian tubule renal cells

Drosophila is a powerful model for the study of factors modulating innate immunity. This study examines the effect of water-loss dehydration on innate immune responsiveness in the Drosophila renal system (Malpighian tubules; MTs), and how this leads to elevated host defense and contributes to immunosenescence. A short period of desiccation-elevated peptidoglycan recognition protein-LC (PGRP-LC) expression in MTs, increased antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene induction, and protected animals from bacterial infection. We show that desiccation increased ecdysone synthesis in MTs, while inhibition of ecdysone synthesis or ecdysone receptor expression, specifically within MTs, prevented induction of PGRP-LC and reduced protection from bacterial infection. Additionally, aged flies are constitutively water-stressed and have elevated levels of ecdysone and PGRP-LC. Conversely, adults aged at high relative humidity show less water loss and have reduced expression of PGRP-LC and AMPs. The Drosophila renal system is an important contributor to host defense and can modulate immune responses in an organ autonomous manner, responding to environmental changes such as desiccation. Desiccation primes immune responsiveness by elevating PGRP-LC expression specifically in MTs. In response to desiccation, ecdysone is produced in MTs and acts in a paracrine fashion to increase PGRP-LC expression, immune responsiveness, and improve host defense. This activity of the renal system may contribute to the immunosenescence observed in Drosophila.
On-line Quizzes: Putting Technology to Work to Aid Student Performance

In a large class, quizzes can be difficult to manage. In-class quizzes require graders or extra time outside of class on the part of the instructor and require valuable class time to complete. In a...
Differential Equation of an Inner Function. II

H is separable Hilbert space, M = M(t) a function on R whose values are self-adjoint operators in H. We assume that M is norm-continuous and bounded.
Medicolegal Issues (Documentation/Informed Consent)

The number of elective laser and light procedures continues to grow eliciting a host of medicolegal issues. Informed consent involves a meeting of the minds as a result of a discussion between the provider and the patient. The risks, benefits and alternatives of a procedure should be disclosed to a patient and is paramount to an informed consent.Unique patient and physician concerns regarding the laser procedure should be documented.The informed consent process might benefit from supplementary modes of communication such as patient questionnaires to improve retention rates.Most laser procedures require for lasers individualized informed consents.
Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Depression: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial

Objective The authors' goal was to assess dexamethasone for the treatment of depression. Method Thirty-seven outpatients (11 men and 26 women) meeting DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or 4 mg/day of oral dexamethasone for 4 days. Baseline Hamilton depression scale scores were compared with scores obtained 14 days after the first dose of study medication. Data were analyzed by using two-sample t tests, chi-square methods, and Fisher's exact test. Results Seven (37%) of the 19 patients given dexamethasone but only one (6%) of the 18 patients given placebo responded positively. No adverse events or side effects were reported, and all patients who entered the study completed it. Conclusions A brief course of oral dexamethasone (4 days) was significantly more effective than placebo within 14 days for the treatment of depression in a randomized, double-blind study of depressed outpatients.
The enhanced forest inventory and analysis program of the USDA forest service : Historical perspective and announcement of statistical documentation

The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service has initiated a transition from regional, periodic inventories to an enhanced national FIA program featuring annual measurement of a proportion of plots in each state, greater national consistency, and integration with the ground sampling component of the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program. The transition has required conceptual and technical changes in the statistical methodology that supports the program. This article provides a brief historical perspective on the FIA program, announces publication of the statistical documentation supporting the program, previews individual chapters in the documentation, and provides a brief discussion of areas where investigations are continuing.
Statisticians Should Not Tell Scientists What to Think

Some prominent schools of thought regarding the use of probability and statistics in science are reviewed. Different schools have different goals for statistics; that is not inappropriate. Mimetic modeling, whose goal is to mimic Nature’s behavior, is described and advocated. Both Bayesian analyses and some classical analyses may be appropriately applied to mimetic models. Statistics should not usurp scientific judgment and, in mimetic modeling, it does not.
Abstract 023: Clearance of ApoC-III Glycoforms Associated With Triglyceride Metabolism

Background: We previously reported an association between higher abundance of disialylated (apoC-III2) over monosialylated (apoC-III1) apoC-III and lower plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations in ...
Cancellable Insider Trading Plans: An Analysis of SEC Rule 10b5-1*

Rule 10b5-1 enables insiders to preplan future trades before becoming informed. Within a strategic rational expectations equilibrium framework, I characterize an insider’s unique optimal trading plan, which balances portfolio diversification against exploitation of the rule’s selective termination option. Because the rule reduces adverse selection and provides insurance against bad outcomes, the rule generally improves welfare for both the insider, who later becomes informed, and uninformed outsiders, provided there exists a sufficient degree of information asymmetry. Eliminating the rule’s selective termination option results in an even greater welfare improvement under a large subset of parametric conditions.Received March 9, 2018; editorial decision January 11, 2019 by Editor Wei Jiang.
Determining Whether Hypertensive Status and Stress Level Are Associated With Inflammatory Markers.

Background Hypertensive disorders are common pregnancy complications in the United States. Although the exact mechanism underlying hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is unknown, there is evidence of involvement of a maladaptive maternal inflammatory response. Psychological maternal stress experienced during pregnancy can increase the risk of a hypertensive disorder by altering the maternal inflammatory response. Objectives The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the relationships of hypertensive status and stress with inflammatory biomarkers throughout pregnancy. Method A 1:2 case-control design was used to analyze secondary data longitudinally with repeated measures of a multicenter, culturally and ethnically diverse pregnant population. Demographic data, psychological stress, and serum inflammatory data were analyzed. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women with hypertension and 61 normotensive women. Measurements were taken once in each trimester of pregnancy. Results Trimester-specific levels of inflammatory biomarkers varied based on stress and hypertensive status. IL-6 was elevated in the hypertensive, high-stress group, while IL-8 was greater among those with high stress, regardless of hypertensive status or trimester. For IL-1α and IL-1β, there was a significant stress-by-trimester interaction, while IL-10 was associated with a significant three-way interaction among stress level, hypertension status, and trimester. Conclusions The associations of stress and hypertensive status with inflammatory biomarkers are complex. Stress and hypertension were associated with changes in inflammatory response. Hypertensive women with high stress experienced a heightened anti-inflammatory response, potentially a compensatory mechanism. To better understand this relationship, further longitudinal studies are warranted.
Psychiatry in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs: A History and a Future

This chapter traces the history of Veterans health care in the United States with a focus on how the development of American psychiatry informed the creation of the modern Veterans Affairs (VA) medical system and vice versa. This review demonstrates the singular and irreplaceable role which VA plays in American health care and sets the stage for recommendations for the future of mental health care for Veterans and for all Americans.
Pulse SILAC Approaches to the Measurement of Cellular Dynamics

The global measurement of assembly and turnover of protein containing complexes within cells has advanced with the development of pulse stable isotope labelled amino acid approaches. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) allows the incorporation of “light” 12-carbon amino acids or “heavy” 13-carbon amino acids into cells or organisms and the quantitation of proteins and peptides containing these amino acid tags using mass spectrometry. The use of these labels in pulse or pulse-chase scenarios has enabled measurements of macromolecular dynamics in cells, on time scales of several hours. Here we review advances with this approach and alternative or parallel strategies. We also examine the statistical considerations impacting datasets detailing mitochondrial assembly, to highlight key parameters in establishing significance and reproducibility.
Tiger salamanders’ (Ambystoma tigrinum) use of features

Abstract In their environment, salamanders must avoid both predation and desiccation, necessitating efficient movement throughout their world. Although past research has indicated that salamanders can use visual cues in navigating through their environment, it is not clear how geometric and feature information are incorporated by salamanders in their movement through their surroundings. Past work with a variety of species indicates that geometric information is regularly used and that features are also used under some circumstances. We explored salamanders’ use of features when both had been available during initial learning. First, salamanders learned to navigate to a correct corner within a rectangular box with a distinctive column in each corner. Each salamander was assigned a correct corner, and salamanders were trained in acquisition to move toward the correct corner. Following acquisition, salamanders completed two test trials. In one, only geometric cues were available as the features were removed. In the second, the features’ placements were jumbled and conflicted with the geometric information. These results suggest that salamanders in this experiment used feature information over geometric information when both had been previously available during acquisition.
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ABMT) for Recurrent Hodgkin’s Disease from 1990–2005: Factors Contributing to Post-Transplant Relapse.

Long-term results of conventional therapy of Hodgkin’s disease (HD) has demonstrated the importance of long-term and ongoing follow-up given the potential for later complications after curative therapy. While many transplant series report follow-up of several years after ABMT, few report a 15-year experience from a single institution. This report examines the outcomes of 220 patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ABMT) at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation from January 1990 through June 2005. Median age was 33 years (range, 14–70 years); median time from diagnosis to transplant was 19 months; 47% received prior radiation therapy; 82% had nodular sclerosis histologic subtype; number of courses of prior chemotherapy were: 1 (16%), 2 (66%), 3 (14%), 4 or more (4%). All patients received salvage therapy prior to transplant: 29% were in a complete remission (CR), 55% in a partial remission (PR), and 16% refractory. All patients received a chemotherapy-only preparative regimen, most commonly Bu/Cy/VP (73%), followed by CBV (17%). 78% received peripheral stem cells alone; 22% received either autologous bone marrow or a combination of bone marrow plus peripheral stem cells. At the present time 60% of patients are alive. Of the 88 patients who died, the most common cause of death is relapse (69% of deaths). Secondary malignancy occurred in 11 patients (5%); 9 of these cases were secondary AML/MDS and 5 of these patients with secondary malignancies have died. 44% of the entire cohort has relapsed, at a median of 9 months post-transplant (range, 1.4–76 months). 10-year overall survival is 47%. A multivariable analysis showed that the two significant variables that correlated with post-BMT relapse were the number of prior chemotherapies (p = 0.011), and patients treated in remission vs. those not in remission (p = 0.002). Of patients receiving 2 or more prior courses of chemotherapy, 60% have relapsed 8 years post-transplant, compared to 40% of those receiving one course of prior chemotherapy. The risk of relapse by the number of prior chemotherapy courses is shown graphically below: In conclusion, this very large series of ABMT for recurrent HD with long-term follow-up demonstrates the importance of timely autografting in relapsed HD patients. The optimal time to proceed with ABMT is after failing one, and only one, course of chemotherapy. Delaying transplant for unrealistic long-term salvage with other courses of traditional chemotherapy will negatively affect the outcome of subsequent ABMT.
Language Barriers and the Management of Bronchiolitis in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Abstract Objective Language barriers may influence the management of pediatric emergency department (PED) patients who may not align with evidence-based guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Our objective was to determine if a family's preferred language of Spanish versus English was associated with differences in management of bronchiolitis in the PED. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of children ≤2 years old diagnosed with bronchiolitis in a PED over a 7-year period. Rates of PED testing, interventions, and disposition among children whose families’ preferred language was Spanish were compared to children whose families’ preferred language was English. Primary outcomes were frequencies of chest x-ray and bronchodilator orders. Secondary outcomes were diagnostic testing, medication orders, and disposition. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios after controlling for age, emergency severity index, prior visit, and nesting within attending physicians. Results A total of 13,612 encounters were included. Spanish-speaking families were more likely to have chest x-rays (35.8% vs 26.7%, P Conclusions Among children diagnosed with bronchiolitis, Spanish-speaking families were more likely to have chest x-rays, complete blood counts, and blood cultures ordered compared to English-speaking families. Further research on how clinical practice guidelines and equity-focused guidelines can impact disparities in diagnostic testing within the PED is warranted.
Lemmel's Syndrome: Usual Presentation of an Unusual Diagnosis

Lemmel's syndrome causes obstructive jaundice in the absence of stones or tumors. The most common cause is the presence of periampullary diverticula which arise within 2-3 cm from the ampulla of Vater. Diverticula may be extramural or intramural. Despite current practice of obtaining imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard diagnostic test. Lemmel's syndrome should be considered when pancreaticobiliary disease is suspected. We present a case in which our patient presented with abdominal pain, fever, and transaminitis who underwent ERCP which was successful in diagnosis of Lemmel's syndrome and its treatment. Although rare, it is imperative for physicians to recognize this syndrome in order to deliver prompt care.
Jean Laffite: Piracy and the limits of state power in New Orleans, 1814-1815:

The pirate, privateer and smuggler Jean Laffite dominated the mercantile life of New Orleans from 1809 to 1815 by exploiting the limited reach of a weak US government in its attempts to control over the frontier of the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Laffite’s status as a cultural anti-hero to the majority-French population, who disdained the American government and the war it initiated in 1812, saw much public support for his efforts to evade law enforcement. Such support, however, waned in the face of an overwhelming threat from British invaders in the autumn of 1814. Adept at survival, Laffite reinvented himself as a loyal patriot by contributing vital materiel to the shaky military defence of the city. In doing so, he ensured his freedom and became a hero of the Battle of New Orleans, a myth that endures to this day. His story demonstrates the limits of state power against piratical practices in the nineteenth century, particularly when they occurred on a distant shore, among a population who protected their cherished rogues.
Diabetes Risk and Control in Multi-ethnic US Immigrant Populations

The goal of this review is to assess current evidence on diabetes risk and control among adult immigrants in the USA. Patterns of diabetes risk in US immigrants may reflect global diabetes trends. Asian, Black, and Latinx immigrants all see a diabetes disadvantage relative to US-born Whites. Diabetes risk in Asian immigrants also surpasses US-born Asians. Relative diabetes risk among all groups increases with time in the USA. Research to explain patterns in diabetes risk and control among immigrants has broadened from lifestyle factors to include multi-level, life course influences on trajectories of risk. Some determinants are shared across groups, such as structural racism, healthcare access, and migration stress, whereas others such as diet are embedded in sending country culture. Current literature on diabetes in immigrant populations suggests a need to shift towards a transnational lens and macro-level social determinants of health framework to understand diabetes risk and potential prevention factors.
Restoring Democracy Through Tax Policy

In this white paper, commissioned by the Great Democracy Institute, I offer a broad menu of tax tools to help restore our democracy. By undoing current levels of inequality, our tax code can help fulfill the promise of equal political voice and equal opportunity for all. To do this, progressives must be willing to move beyond loophole closers to assert a new, affirmative vision for tax policy. This report offers such a vision — one that puts workers before holders of capital, revives the regulatory potential of tax policy, and treats taxpaying as a civic act. Together, these tax proposals help revive a democracy under attack.
Delayed Vasospasm in Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (4999)

Objective: To report a rare case of delayed vasospasm (on Day 14) after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Background: Cerebral vasospasm is a main cause of disability after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Of the minimal research available about vasospasm in traumatic SAH (tSAH), it has been known to occur usually in first 10 days following the trauma with peak incidence on 3–5th day. Design/Methods: 72-year-old man admitted for management of tSAH and facial fractures after he was found down. Hospital course was complicated with cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction s/p percutaneous intervention and sepsis. Neurology was involved on day 14 for an episode of altered mentation associated with left sided weakness, dysarthria and nystagmus. MRI Brain without contrast showed stable tSAH in left sylvian and perisylvian region, multiple small areas of diffusion restriction, some associated with hemorrhage concerning for posttraumatic contusions and/or acute cardio embolic infarcts. MRA head was unremarkable. Continuous EEG did not show seizures or any epileptiform activity but due to transient episode of neurologic deficits, he was started on leviteracetam. Patient had a second episode of altered mentation and unequal pupils on day 18. His leviteracetam was increased however, repeat EEG also did not show any seizures. Repeat MRI brain was stable but MRA head revealed irregularities in the left middle cerebral artery M2 branches concerning for vasospasm. 4 vessel angiogram confirmed the presence of vasospasm which improved after intra-arterial verapamil. Nimodipine was briefly administered along with blood pressure management and then discontinued as patient was neurologically stable. Results: Our patient had delayed vasospasm on day 14 of tSAH. Conclusions: Vasospasm can increase the mortality and morbidity in patients with tSAH. Mechanism is poorly understood but thought to be due to inflammatory cascade triggered by hemoglobin degradation. More studies on the predictors, outcomes and treatment of vasospasm following tSAH are needed. Disclosure: Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Veerapaneni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elkhider has nothing to disclose. Dr. Haldal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patrice has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nalleballe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kapoor has nothing to disclose.
In Situ Visualization With Temporal Caching

In situ visualization is a technique in which plots and other visual analyses are performed in tandem with numerical simulation processes in order to better utilize HPC machine resources. Especially with unattended exploratory engineering simulation analyses, events may occur during the run, which justify supplemental processing. Sometimes though, when the events do occur, the phenomena of interest includes the physics that precipitated the events and this may be the key insight into understanding the phenomena that is being simulated. In situ temporal caching is the temporary storing of produced data in memory for possible later analysis including time varying visualization. The later analysis and visualization still occurs during the simulation run but not until after the significant events have been detected. In this article, we demonstrate how temporal caching can be used with in-line in situ visualization to reduce simulation run-time while still capturing essential simulation results.
Association between primary care and acute care services utilization in the year following diagnosis of breast cancer.

e13522Background: Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a pivotal role during cancer diagnosis. Lack of access to primary care has been linked to worse outcomes including increased mortality in patie...
Caste, racialization, and the making of environmental unfreedoms in urban India

Caste is as an under-recognized marker of environmental inequalities in urban India, what this article names as “environmental unfreedoms” for their fundamentally humanity- and dignity-robbing trai...
Proximale Korrekturosteotomie

Symptomatische ausgepragte Hallux-valgus-Deformitaten werden nach Ausreizung konservativer Behandlungsmethoden einer operativen Therapie zugefuhrt. Entsprechend den modernen Behandlungsprinzipien sind die mechanische Korrektur und der Funktionserhalt des betroffenen Groszehengrundgelenks als wesentliche Operationsziele zu betrachten. Operationsverfahren mit hohem Korrekturpotenzial stellen den Goldstandard in der Therapie der „schweren Hallux-valgus-Deformitaten“ dar. Diaphysare Operationstechniken sind fur die Korrektur dieser Schweregrade nur bei Vorliegen eines breiten Metatarsaleschafts einsetzbar, um dieses hohe Korrekturpotenzial zu ermoglichen. In allen anderen Fallen wird die Korrektur der „schweren Hallux-valgus-Deformitat“ durch standardisierte Operationsverfahren abgebildet: 1. die proximale oder basisnahe Korrekturosteotomie des Os metatarsale I (MT I) bei erhaltenem Tarsometatarsal-I(TMT-I)-Gelenk, 2. die Korrekturarthrodese des TMT-I-Gelenks (Lapidus-Arthrodese) bei degenerativ verandertem oder instabilem TMT-I-Gelenk. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die Prinzipien und die einzelnen Techniken der proximalen Osteotomie des MT I zur Korrektur einer fortgeschrittenen Hallux-valgus-Deformitat. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den Osteosynthesetechniken und den empfohlenen Nachbehandlungsregimes. Anhand der aktuellen Literatur und eigener Erfahrungswerte des Autors wird auf Vor- und Nachteile der am haufigsten durchgefuhrten Osteotomien eingegangen.
A tribute to Evan Weissman from Syracuse Grows

First paragraph: When we reflect on the tremendous impact that Evan Weissman made on Syracuse Grows, our most enduring memories come from the annual “Resource Drive.” Syracuse Grows, an all-volunteer nonprofit organization dedicated to food justice in Syracuse, New York, hosts an annual one-day event when we mobilize the resources of our entire Syracuse community to support the city’s community gardens and urban farms. The event is held each year in April when, as anyone familiar with Syracuse weather will tell you, it could be raining, sleeting, hailing, snowing, or all of the above! Regard­less of the weather, it’s the perfect time to ready our city’s community gardens and farms for spring planting. On this day, borrowed and rented pickup trucks haul compost, mulch, and manure across the city in ragtag caravans, serving what has blossomed into a network of more than 25 gardens and 3 urban farms. Gardeners stand at the ready to receive the black gold that is critical to growing healthy foods in a city where food insecurity is ubiquitous. Volunteers—young, old, Black, white, Syracuse-born, and New Americans—work side-by-side to transform previously vacant lots into spaces that provide nourishment and camaraderie. When it’s time to break for lunch, volunteers with dirt-stained hands share in a meal, donated by local restaurants, and assess the day’s progress. It’s community building at its most authentic, and an event of which we are proud. . . .
Effects of climate and land use changes on water quantity and quality of coastal watersheds of Narragansett Bay.

Abstract Land use is rapidly changing in coastal watersheds, with implications on eutrophication of coastal watersheds. The long-term consequences of climate change on these impacts are critical to watershed management. With coastal watersheds facing frequent hypoxic events and cultural eutrophication, the coupled influence of land use and climate change can lead to policies under nonstationarity assumptions. This study aims to model a regional coastal watershed system using a dynamic simulation with future land use and climate stressors for watershed sustainability. The efficacy of current nutrient management efforts may be limited or undone if future changes in climate or land use increase nutrient and sediment loads to the Narragansett Bay. The baseline model was calibrated and validated to accurately reflect watershed processes to simulate water quantity and quality under the independent and combined influence of future climate and land scenarios. Results show significant effects of climate change and land-use change on the watershed, with demonstrated impacts on sediment loading, organic N, organic P, and nitrates. Climate impacts were much more significant than land-use effects, but land-use impacts displayed greater regional variation. The results from combined simulations indicate that future climate and land-use change will likely negatively impact the coastal system and need restoration efforts that consider nonstationarity. However, the results also highlight the potential to utilize land use to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts.
Vitamins, amino acids, and drugs and formulations used in nutrition

Abstract Vitamins and their prescription derivatives, amino acids, and nutritional formulations have wide and varied clinical applications. Many are available over the counter, and are often not considered of consequence to patients, making use difficult to monitor. Although well-tolerated in the majority of persons, unique side effects continue to emerge. These products carry potentially harmful side effects in unsuspecting consumers, requiring healthcare providers remain vigilant in questioning, documenting, and counseling patients. This chapter delves into recent literature surrounding vitamin A and its derivatives (isotretinoin, all-trans retinoic acid), vitamin B (pyridoxine, folic acid), vitamins C, D, E, and K, as well as amino acids (arginine, glutamine), enteral and parenteral nutrition. A special review of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is included. In most cases, rapid discontinuation of the substance is required; in others, it is the excess or lack of a critical component that leads to toxicity. This chapter reviews literature published between January and December 2020 and will arm healthcare providers with critical knowledge of new and emerging side effects. Ultimately, increased awareness among providers will aid in the rapid identification and management of patients, improving care and outcomes.
Pseudocolor encoding of holographic images using a single wavelength

A holographic method has been developed that uses a single wavelength in the recording process to generate a multicolor image under white light reconstruction. The final product is a superposition of rainbow holograms, each of which is recorded with a specific orientation of the reference beam. The result is that each scene is encoded with a specific color. The image quality is analyzed and compared with that of other rainbow holograms.
Surface-based 3D image registration using the iterative closest-point algorithm with a closest-point transform

Image registration is a valuable technique for medical diagnosis and treatment. It allows physicians to combine information from multiple images by aligning them into the same coordinate space. Surface-based methods register images by aligning corresponding surfaces of one or more anatomical structures such as the surface of the brain or skull. In this paper we examine a novel implementation of this approach. We use the iterative closest point algorithm to iteratively search for the transformation that minimizes the distance between surface points in one image and a surface model in the other image. In each iteration we use the closest point transform to find corresponding points that are closest with respect to the transformation estimated in the previous iteration. Results from several experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.
A heuristic model of pion-nucleus charge-exchange scattering

Abstract The ( π + , π 0 ) reaction on nuclei is treated in distorted-wave impulse approximation, using eikonal wave functions for the pion. Results for the total cross section for excitation of the isobaric analog resonance exhibit a minimum near the 3.3 resonance, especially for larger nuclei, due to the strong pion absorption there.
Comforting Apprehensive Communicators: The Effects of Reappraisal and Distraction on Cortisol Levels Among Students in a Public Speaking Class

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of interpersonal communication as a source of comforting on the physiological stress associated with giving an in-class speech. Cortisol was used as an objective measure of stress reactivity, and the effects of distracting or reappraisal messages were examined. Salivary cortisol was collected from 42 students enrolled in an introductory public speaking course, in five intervals. The final collection showed that participants in the distraction condition experienced significantly less stress than participants in the control condition. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding the trajectory of decay to detect the stress-reducing benefits of comforting communication.
Some Characteristics of Positive and Negative (“Most Traumatic”) Event Memories in a College Sample

Abstract Discrepant findings from cognitive science and clinical research underpin the debate regarding the nature of traumatic memory and raise issues regarding the generalizability of conclusions from non-clinical samples to traumatized clinical populations. In the present study, we replicated and extended a cognitive study by Christianson and Loftus (1990) by comparing characteristics of positive and negative (“most traumatic”) childhood event memories in a college sample and rating the negative memory reports against a clinically-defined standard for traumatic events. Results indicated that negative and positive memories were similar in their ease of recall, vividness, amount of central and peripheral details, degree of past emotion, and amount of discussion of the event. However, negative memories were associated with significantly less present emotion than positive memories and more instances of a highly memorable detail. Expert judges determined that only 8% (4/48) of the negative memory events met...
How Does GAP Catalyze the GTPase Reaction of Ras?: A Computer Simulation Study†

The formation of a complex between p21ras and GAP accelerates the GTPase reaction of p21ras and terminates the signal for cell proliferation. The understanding of this rate acceleration is important for the elucidation of the role of Ras mutants in tumor formation. In principle there are two main options for the origin of the effect of GAP. One is a direct electrostatic interaction between the residues of GAP and the transition state of the Ras-GAP complex and the other is a GAP-induced shift of the structure of Ras to a configuration that increases the stabilization of the transition state. This work examines the relative importance of these options by computer simulations of the catalytic effect of Ras. The simulations use the empirical valence bond (EVB) method to study the GTPase reaction along the alternative associative and dissociative paths. This approach reproduces the trend in the overall experimentally observed catalytic effect of GAP: the calculated effect is 7 ± 3 kcal/mol as compared to the...
Manure's allure: Variation of the financial, environmental, and economic benefits from combined heat and power systems integrated with anaerobic digesters at hog farms across geographic and economic regions

Several studies have shown that anaerobic digesters integrated with combined heat and power systems (CHP/AD) are a financially attractive way to generate electricity, reduce odor, and improve nutrient management on hog farms; yet only very few systems have been installed to date. Employing published financial, economic, and environmental indicators, this study tests whether the benefits from CHP/AD identified in these studies can be replicated across all major hog-farming regions in the US. The study finds that a modest support of 1 cent per kWh is needed to assure that CHP/AD generated electricity is competitive with current utility rates in many hog-farming states. However, the study also shows that once CHP/AD systems are promoted hog-farming states stand to reap large benefits from CHP/AD, particularly environmental benefits (such as odor control and emissions reductions), economic benefits (in form of job creation), and added generating capacity.
Oxygen microelectrode measurements in R3230Ac tumors during photodynamic therapy with verteporfin

Measurements of tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO2), blood flow and blood pressure were recorded in rat mammary R323OAc tumors during treatment with verteporfin-based photodynamic therapy. Microelectrodes of 12 micron tip diameter were used in a fixed position throughout the measurements to provide data on the temporal changes at a single location within the tissue. The microelectrode signal changes in P°2 indicated an overall trend to acute loss of P°2 after treatment, but with some notable exceptions where the P02 did not decrease either during the treatment or after treatment. These regions which showed little change in P02 were correlated with locations in which the P°2 was high to begin with before the initiation of treatment. Blood flow decreased during treatment, with the dominant effect immediately upon the initiation of treatment.
Application of multi-channel hybrid active noise control systems for infant incubators

High noise in infant incubators results in numerous adverse health effects which have lifelong consequences for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates. This paper presents multi-channel hybrid active noise control (ANC) systems for infant incubators. A hybrid ANC algorithm is an integration of a feedforward algorithm (to cancel noise generated from sources outside the incubator) and a feedback algorithm (to reduce the predictable noise inside the incubator). Computer simulation and real-time experiment results show that the proposed hybrid algorithms are effective in cancelling both outside and inside noises of infant incubators in real NICU environment.