cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurotechnology, Invasiveness and the Extended Mind

According to a standard view, the physical boundary of the person—the skin-and-skull boundary—matters morally because this boundary delineates between where the person begins and the world ends. On the basis of this view we make a distinction between invasive interventions that penetrate this boundary and non-invasive interventions that do not. The development of neuroprosthetics, however, raises questions about the significance of this boundary and the relationship between person and body. In particular it has been argued by appeal to the Extended Mind thesis that mind and person can extend beyond the body, and hence the skin-and-skull boundary is of questionable significance. In this paper I argue that the Extended Mind thesis is consistent with the ethical relevance of the skin-and-skull barrier. Although it can be argued that cognitive processes and aspect of mind can extend beyond the skin-and-skull boundary as EM claims, it does not follow that the person is also extended beyond this boundary. The moral sense of person is closely related to the notion of person as a subject of experiences and this, in turn, is related to the sensory and somatosensory aspects of the body. The development of neuroprosthetics provides us with reason to see that persons can be variously embodied, but this is consistent with the functional and ethical significance of the skin-and-skull boundary.
Phenomenological theory of the resistivity and susceptibility of dilute RhFe and IrFe alloys

Abstract The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility and the resistivity of dilute alloys of Fe in Rh and Ir is accounted for by a model using the Kondo effect and a two band model for Rh and Ir.
Gallium 67 scintigraphy in glomerular disease.

To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of gallium 67 scintigraphy in glomerular disease, 45 patients with various glomerulopathies, excluding lupus nephritis and renal vasculitis, were studied. Persistent renal visualization 48 hours after the gallium injection, a positive scintigram, was graded as + (less than), + + (equal to), and + + + (greater than) the hepatic uptake. Positive scintigrams were seen in ten of 16 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, six of 11 cases of proliferative glomerulonephritis, and one case of minimal change, and one of two cases of membranous nephropathy; also in three of six cases of sickle glomerulopathy, two cases of diabetic neuropathy, one of two cases of amyloidosis, and one case of mild chronic allograft rejection. The 25 patients with positive scans were younger than the 20 with negative scans (31 ± 12 v 42 ± 17 years; P
Spectral multiplicity and splitting results for a class of qualitative matrices

Abstract This paper presents some results concerning the location and multiplicity of eigenvalues of sign symmetric matrices whose associated graphs are trees. In particular it extends previous spectral multiplicity and splitting results proved by others.
First row divalent transition metal complexes of aryl-appended tris((pyridyl)methyl)amine ligands: syntheses, structures, electrochemistry, and hydroxamate binding properties.

Divalent manganese, cobalt, nickel, and zinc complexes of 6-Ph2TPA (N,N-bis((6-phenyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)-N-((2-pyridyl)methyl)amine; [(6-Ph2TPA)Mn(CH3OH)3](ClO4)2 (1), [(6-Ph2TPA)Co(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (2), [(6-Ph2TPA)Ni(CH3CN)(CH3OH)](ClO4)2 (3), [(6-Ph2TPA)Zn(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (4)) and 6-(Me2Ph)2TPA (N,N-bis((6-(3,5-dimethyl)phenyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)-N-((2-pyridyl)methyl)amine; [(6-(Me2Ph)2TPA)Ni(CH3CN)2](ClO4)2 (5) and [(6-(Me2Ph)2TPA)Zn(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (6)) have been prepared and characterized. X-ray crystallographic characterization of 1A·CH3OH and 1B·2CH3OH (differing solvates of 1), 2·2CH3CN, 3·CH3OH, 4·2CH3CN, and 6·2.5CH3CN revealed mononuclear cations with one to three coordinated solvent molecules. In 1A·CH3OH and 1B·2CH3OH, one phenyl-substituted pyridyl arm is not coordinated and forms a secondary hydrogen-bonding interaction with a manganese bound methanol molecule. In 2·2CH3CN, 3·CH3OH, 4·2CH3CN, and 6·2.5CH3CN, all pyridyl donors of the 6-Ph2TPA and 6-(Me2Ph)2TPA ligands are coordinated to the divale...
The crystallization of an Israeli policy towards Muslim and Christian holy places, 1948-1955

Des les annees qui suivent la fondation de l'Etat d'Israel, un conflit s'engage a propos des lieux saints qui deviennent un enjeu pour gagner la sympathie internationale. Le ministere des affaires etrangeres israelien a constamment controle les actions du Departement des affaires musulmanes dans ce domaine. La politique israelienne a globalement reussi puisqu'il s'agissait de faciliter l'acceptation du nouvel Etat dans la communaute internationale des nations. Neanmoins, le Departement des affaires musulmanes a commis de nombreuses bevues dans la protection des lieux saints musulmans et chretiens
Social Performance and Secret Ritual: Battling Against Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

This autoethnography offers an account of my experience with mental illness and provides an analysis of the performative aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is a genetic disorder triggered by environmental stressors involving a chemical imbalance in the brain. The resulting biologically altered state leaves individuals to steer themselves among and between "appropriate" performance and secret rituals. Analyzing my own communication practices through a performance lens highlights the importance of image management for people struggling with disability. In telling my own story, this article provides readers an in-depth look at OCD as a traumatic brain disorder whose sufferers rely on communicative performance to maintain their public and private identities, and as a disease that impedes social life for its sufferers. Implications of this account for those struggling with mental disability and for practitioners aiming to help them are discussed.
A thermopneumatic dispensing micropump

Abstract A micropump for dispensing microliter liquid volumes is realized by warming a thermopneumatic fluid that expands a membrane to pressurize a liquid reservoir with an outlet flow restrictor. The temperature of this liquid–vapor perfluorocarbon mixture is controlled by a thin film heater. The outlet flow restrictors, used in this work, are 75–100 μm silica capillaries, which result in microliter per minute flow rates at 7–42 kPa liquid pressure levels. We investigate both open loop designs and closed loop designs with pressure feedback. The closed loop designs offer increased transient and steady state flow control and allow a much larger range of pump geometries compared to open loop designs. The micropump dispenses 1.4 μl/min for 4.5 h with an average power of 200 mW. Due to its design with no moving parts, this thermopneumatic pump is low cost and simple in construction. The basic principles appear suited to MEMS fabrication, and so would have potential applications for micro total chemical analysis systems (μTAS), biosensors, and “lab-on-a-chip” devices.
Vibrio Gastroenteritis in Louisiana: A Prospective Study among Attendees of a Scientific Congress in New Orleans

The incidence of diarrhea associated with infection by Vibrio species was investigated among attendees at the 1986 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy held in New Orleans. Ttoelve percent of respondents reported diarrhea; the risk of diarrhea was significantly higher in those who ate raw or cooked oysters (relative risk = 1.5, P = .005). At least one Vibrio species was recovered from 51 (ll^o) of 479 persons submitting stool specimens; however, only 15 (29^o) of those with a positive stool culture also reported diarrhea. Of the five Vibrio species identified, V. parahaemolyticus was most common and was most strongly associated with diarrhea. K cholerae serogroup 01 was not isolated despite the occurrence of a cholera outbreak during the same time period in Louisiana. Cultures of raw and cooked seafood served in local restaurants yielded five different Vibrio species. Although asymptomatic passage of Vibrio organisms was common among persons eating seafood, the risk of Vibrio gastroenteritis was low.
Matching Mean Sea Level Rise Projections to Local Elevation Datums

A method is presented to consistently tie future mean sea level rise (MSLR) scenario projections to local geodetic and tidal datums. This extends the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer (USACE) guidance for incorporating the effects of future MSLR into coastal projects. While USACE relies on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 19-year National Tidal Datum Epoch (NTDE) for its datum relationships,theapproachproposedhereingeneralizesthisguidancebychoosingtheappropriate19-yearepochcenteredonthestartyearofthe MSLR scenario under consideration. The procedure takes into account the local annual sea level variability, which confounds the matching to any given single year while generalizing and preserving the 19-year averaging long used by NOAA to calculate the NTDE. Examples of the MSLR scenario matching procedure are given using actual data and projections for La Jolla, California, and Sewells Point (Hampton Roads), Virginia. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000145. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Sea level; Datum; Tidal currents. Author keywords: Sea level; Sea level rise projections; Sea level rise scenarios; Geodetic datums; Tidal datums.
The roof plate regulates cerebellar cell-type specification and proliferation

During embryogenesis, the isthmic organizer, a well-described signaling center at the junction of the mid-hindbrain, establishes the cerebellar territory along the anterior/posterior axis of the neural tube. Mechanisms specifying distinct populations within the early cerebellar anlage are less defined. Using a newly developed gene expression map of the early cerebellar anlage, we demonstrate that secreted signals from the rhombomere 1 roof plate are both necessary and sufficient for specification of the adjacent cerebellar rhombic lip and its derivative fates. Surprisingly, we show that the roof plate is not absolutely required for initial specification of more distal cerebellar cell fates, but rather regulates progenitor proliferation and cell position within the cerebellar anlage. Thus, in addition to the isthmus, the roof plate represents an important signaling center controlling multiple aspects of cerebellar patterning.
Parallel microassembly with electrostatic force fields

Microscopic (submillimeter) parts are often fabricated in parallel at high density but must then be assembled into patterns with lower spatial density. We propose a new approach to microassembly using: 1) ultrasonic vibration to eliminate friction and adhesion; and 2) electrostatic forces to position and align parts in parallel. We describe experiments on the dynamic and frictional properties of collections of microscopic parts under these conditions. We first demonstrate that ultrasonic vibration can be used to overcome adhesive forces; we also compare part behavior in air and vacuum. Next, we demonstrate that parts can be positioned and aligned using a combination of vibration and electrostatic forces. Finally, we demonstrate part sorting by size. Our goal is a systematic method for designing implementable planar force fields for microassembly based on part geometry.
Initial Experiments on Reduced-Weight Propellant Management Vanes

Simple analysis shows two reasons to expect that mass may be removed from traditional space-probe type of propellant management vanes. One case involves a compromise between wicking strength and spatial extent of the vanes in a propellant tank. The second case may have little compromise at all. An apparent over-design of wicking capability in the traditional design during the latter part of a mission is the justification for tolerating a reduced wicking capability. An initial weightless flight test by Purdue undergraduate students has shown that perforated vanes with 20% of the mass removed show promise of good performance. A second reduced-weight vane design is shown to perform poorly. The perforated vane concept is deemed worthy of further study.
Particle Detection Systems

A brief review is given of the most common nuclear particle detectors such as the gas ionization chamber, the surface barrier detector, and scintillation detectors. Some combinations of detectors are discussed with particular emphasis on heavy-ion spectroscopy. Magnetic (momentum) spectrographs and one example of a proposed energy-mass spectrograph complete the list. Some possible future trends are indicated.
Global DNA Methylation Remodeling Accompanies CD8 T Cell Effector Function

The differentiation of CD8 T cells in response to acute infection results in the acquisition of hallmark phenotypic effector functions; however, the epigenetic mechanisms that program this differentiation process on a genome-wide scale are largely unknown. In this article, we report the DNA methylomes of Ag-specific naive and day-8 effector CD8 T cells following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. During effector CD8 T cell differentiation, DNA methylation was remodeled such that changes in DNA methylation at gene promoter regions correlated negatively with gene expression. Importantly, differentially methylated regions were enriched at cis-elements, including enhancers active in naive T cells. Differentially methylated regions were associated with cell type-specific transcription factor binding sites, and these transcription factors clustered into modules that define networks targeted by epigenetic regulation and control of effector CD8 T cell function. Changes in the DNA methylation profile following CD8 T cell activation revealed numerous cellular processes, cis-elements, and transcription factor networks targeted by DNA methylation. Together, the results demonstrated that DNA methylation remodeling accompanies the acquisition of the CD8 T cell effector phenotype and repression of the naive cell state. Therefore, these data provide the framework for an epigenetic mechanism that is required for effector CD8 T cell differentiation and adaptive immune responses.
A low power subband video decoder architecture

The paper describes a VLSI architecture designed to reconstruct a subband-encoded video stream. This architecture differs from previous designs in its low power operation. The chip operates at a maximum 20 MHz with a 1.5 V supply and can process up to 10 M color (YUV) pixels/sec while dissipating only 16 mW. The low power consumption is achieved through efficient algorithm-to-hardware mapping, a low-complexity subband filter, minimal memory accesses, a reduced supply voltage, and elimination of external memory support. A single chip will support color images up to 352 pixels wide, while multiple chip configurations can achieve any desired display resolution. >
Integrating hippocampus and striatum in decision-making

Learning and memory and navigation literatures emphasize interactions between multiple memory systems: a flexible, planning-based system and a rigid, cached-value system. This has profound implications for decision-making. Recent conceptualizations of flexible decision-making employ prospection and projection arising from a network involving the hippocampus. Recent recordings from rodent hippocampus in decision-making situations have found transient forward-shifted representations. Evaluation of that prediction and subsequent action-selection probably occurs downstream (e.g. in orbitofrontal cortex, in ventral and dorsomedial striatum). Classically, striatum has been identified as a crucial component of the less-flexible, incremental system. Current evidence, however, suggests that striatum is involved in both flexible and stimulus-response decision-making, with dorsolateral striatum involved in stimulus-response strategies and ventral and dorsomedial striatum involved in goal-directed strategies.
Carbon nanotube-based planar transmission lines

In this paper, we explore building planar transmission lines using carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. We are successful in building the transmission lines and verifying the feasibility of potential planar transmission lines where carbon nanotube networks replace the conventional metallic traces. The experimental realization and the two-port microwave measurements of the proposed transmission lines enable accurate extractions of the fundamental parameters showing percolation effects in CNT networks. The frequency-dependent phase velocity characteristics show dramatic reduction compared to the speed of light in vacuum. The large magnitude of extracted complex permittivity for CNT networks also exhibits its percolation performance.
Abdominal pain in children

Abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea are common chief complaints in young children who present in emergency departments. It is the emergency physician's role to differentiate between a self-limited process such as viral gastroenteritis or constipation and more life-threatening surgical emergencies. Considering the difficulties inherent in the pediatric examination, it is not surprising that appendicitis, intussusception, and malrotation with volvulus continue to be among the most elusive diagnoses. This article reviews both the self-limited and more life-threatening gastrointestinal conditions that may present in the emergency department.
Prediction of Lane Clearance Time of Freeway Incidents Using the M5P Tree Algorithm

A number of existing studies have attempted to predict freeway incident duration or incident clearance time. Because lane blockage is the main cause of congestion during freeway incidents, it is more beneficial to predict the lane clearance time instead of the incident clearance time for incidents that involve lane blockages. However, previous studies have not developed prediction models for the lane clearance time. This paper utilizes the M5P tree algorithm for lane clearance time prediction, which has advantages, compared with traditional prediction algorithms. These advantages include the M5P tree algorithm's ability to deal with categorical and continuous variables and variables with missing values. The developed model shows that there are a number of variables that affect the lane clearance time, including the number of lanes blocked, time of day, types and number of vehicles involved, the response by the Severe Incident Response Vehicle (SIRV), and traffic management center response and verification times. Comparison results show that the developed model can generally achieve better prediction results than the traditional regression and decision tree models.
Harmonic distortion correction for 8-bit delay line ADC using gray code

Harmonic distortion correction (HDC) is an effective digital calibration technique to estimate and correct errors and distortions in an analog circuit. However, the convergence time is still a concern. In this paper, we propose the injection of a periodic 3-bit gray code sequence for HDC to digitally calibrate an 8-bit delay line ADC. In our simulation results, digital calibration with the gray code injection improves SNDR and SFDR to 42.5 dB and 45.4 dB, respectively, compared with the original SNDR of 25.6 dB and the original SFDR of 25.7 dB, with a 13.5 milliseconds calibration time, which is 64X faster than with injection of pseudorandom numbers (860 milliseconds). Also the SNDR converges to 41.6 dB after averaging 2 24 samples, while the SNDR with injection of pseudorandom numbers converges to 41.5 dB after 2 37 samples.
Longitudinal factor structure of the WISC‐III among students with disabilities

If the factor structure of a test does not hold over time (i.e., is not invariant), then longitudinal comparisons of standing on the test are not meaningful. In the case of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III), it is crucial that it exhibit longitudinal factorial invariance because it is widely used in high-stakes special education eligibility decisions.Accordingly, the present study analyzed the longitudinal factor structure of the WISC-III for both configural and metric invariance with a group of 177 students with disabilities tested, on average, 2.8 years apart. Equivalent factor loadings, factor variances, and factor covariances across the retest interval provided evidence of configural and metric invariance. It was concluded that the WISC-IIIwasmeasuringthesameconstructswithequalfidelityacrosstimewhichallowsunequivocal interpretation of score differences as reflecting changes in underlying latent constructs rather than variations in the measurement operation itself. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimal body bias selection for leakage improvement and process compensation over different technology generations

We present techniques to determine the optimal body bias (forward or reverse) to minimize leakage current and compensate process variations in scaled CMOS technologies. A circuit trades off sub-threshold leakage with band-to-band tunneling leakage at the source/drain junctions to determine the optimal substrate bias for different technology generations and under process variations. Using optimal body bias results in 43% and 42% savings in leakage for predictive 70 nm and 50 nm NMOS devices, respectively. This technique also reduces the effects of die-to-die and intra-die process variations in transistor length and supply voltage by 43% and 60%, respectively, in 50 nm NMOS devices, resulting in improved yield.
Interleaved word and bit disturbs in ratchet writing

Ratchet writing is employed as a means of storing information in certain NDRO memories. This mode of writing permits multiple-word organization. However, when this is done the memory elements are subjected to a new kind of worst-case disturb pattern consisting of interleaved bit- and word-disturb pulses. The interleaved pattern is more destructive than either bit or word disturbs alone. A theory is developed which explains this effect as being due to a reduction in the threshold field of the magnetic material between the storage and interrogate holes caused by a pair of ratchet pulses. Expressions are found which predict the amount of walkdown of stored information due to an interleaved disturb program in terms of core geometry and material properties. It is found that a minimum walkdown of about 17 percent can be expected in all cases.
Alcohol policy enforcement and changes in student drinking rates in a statewide public college system: a follow-up study

Background Heavy alcohol use among U.S. college students is a major contributor to young adult morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine whether college alcohol policy enforcement levels predict changes in student drinking and related behaviors in a state system of public colleges and universities, following a system-wide change to a stricter policy.
Ex vivo conditioning with IL-12 decreases T cell sensitivity to intratumoral INF-γ-induced apoptosis following adoptive transfer

Meeting abstracts In order to induce significant tumor regression T cells must effectively recognize and kill target cells. Secretion of IFN-γ is considered a key effector function of activated CD8+ T cells via induction of apoptosis. Thus programming T cells to secrete high levels of IFN-γ after
Total Coronary Artery Calcium Score Remains Preferred Metric to Refine Risk Prediction in Nearly All Patients

Cardiovascular risk prediction remains an imperfect science. Current risk prediction models rely on demographic information, medical history, and laboratory tests. Scoring tools such as the Framingham Risk Score ([1][1]) help clinicians to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk
High-Quality Rank and File Employees and Financial Reporting Outcomes

We examine whether high-quality rank and file (i.e., non-executive) employees are associated with improved financial reporting outcomes. We argue that high-quality rank and file employees provide better information for executives to use when making reporting choices, and that these employees are better able to identify and uncover intentional financial misreporting, perhaps before it even develops into a larger misreporting event. We use the average education level of the workforce in MSA(s) where the firm operates as a proxy for the quality of the firm’s rank and file employees, and find that firms with a higher-quality workforce produce financial statements with higher accruals quality, fewer internal control system violations, and fewer restatements, suggesting that these employees improve their firm’s mandatory disclosures. We also find that firms with higher-quality rank and file employees issue management forecasts that are more frequent, timely, accurate, precise, and less biased, suggesting that the benefits of high-quality rank and file employees also extend to firms’ voluntary disclosures. In additional analyses, we find that when financial reporting violations do occur, the quality of the firm’s workforce is positively associated with the likelihood that an employee blows the whistle to a regulator. Overall, our findings suggest that high-quality rank and file employees are positively associated with financial reporting quality.
School Investment, Drinking Motives, and High-Risk, High-Reward Partying Decisions Mediate the Relationship Between Trait Self-Control and Alcohol Consumption Among College Drinkers.

Objective:Research has shown trait self-control, neuroticism, and coping and enhancement drinking motives to be predictors of alcohol consumption among college students. Recent research also provides evidence for the effects of role investment and role-based alcohol consumption–decision making (i.e., partying decisions). The goal of the present study was to clarify the organization and contributions of these multifarious influences on college student drinking.Method:College students (N = 355; 51.8% female) with a heterogeneous prevalence of alcohol dependence completed measures of trait self-control; neuroticism; coping and enhancement drinking motives; subjective college student role investment, satisfaction, and stress; role-based partying scenarios; and a typical weekly alcohol consumption interview. Internal and comparative fit indices for alternative path models were evaluated and bootstrapping procedures were used to examine indirect effects.Results:Modeling results favored a more stratified organiz...
Coding based multi-hop coordinated reliable data transfer for underwater acoustic networks: Design, implementation and tests

Motivated by some critical observations from field tests, in this paper, we design and implement a Coding based multi-hop Coordinated Reliable Data Transfer (CCRDT) protocol for underwater acoustic networks. CCRDT is based on hopby-hop reliable data transfer with multi-hop coordination. For the per-hop data transfer, a GF(256) Random Linear Coding scheme and a coding ratio estimation approach are proposed to guarantee the reliability and efficiency of data transfer. In addition, a multi-hop coordination scheme is designed to enable transmission pipelining that allows multiple nodes to transmit simultaneously. By carefully scheduling the transmission of every node, our multi-hop coordination scheme effectively eliminates packet collisions, which further improves the end-toend throughput. We implement CCRDT on a lab testbed and conducted extensive tests to evaluate its performance. Our results show that CCRDT achieves a higher end-to-end throughput than other existing reliable data transfer protocols which have been implemented in real systems.
Effect of radiant and convective heating on the optical and thermochemical properties of reusable surface insulation

A correlation between the morphology, chemistry, and optical properties of space shuttle candidate reusable surface insulation coatings were made to determine the proper test environment for flight evaluation studies. The optical properties (solar absorption coefficient and total hemispherical emittance) for each coating were obtained as a function of exposure to radiant and convectively heated environments since these parameters define the surface temperature of the material during flight. Results are presented which show these optical properties differ in the two environments and can be related to the coating's surface and bulk chemistry.
The Affordable Care Act and Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among Young Adults

The Affordable Care Act-dependent coverage expansion provision implemented in 2010 allows young adults to be covered under their parents' health insurance until age 26 years, and millions of young adults have gained insurance as a result. The impact of this policy on cancer patients has yet to be determined. Using 2007 to 2012 data from 18 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, comparing cancer patients age 19 to 25 years to a control group of patients age 26 to 34 years who were not affected by the provision, we observed a 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7 to 3.4) percentage point decrease in uninsured rate and a 2.7 (95% CI = 0.6 to 4.8) percentage point increase in diagnosis at stage I disease for patients age 19-25 years. Further analyses by specific cancer site revealed that the statistically significant shifts were confined to carcinoma of cervix (21.2, 95% CI = 9.6 to 32.7 percentage points) and osseous and chondromatous neoplasms (14.4, 95% CI = 0.3 to 28.5 percentage points), which are detectable by either screening or clinical manifestation. These early observations suggest the policy has had positive benefits in cancer outcomes.
Transformational Learning Theory and Transformative Teaching: A Creative Strategy for Understanding the Helping Relationship

ABSTRACTThis article presents a creative teaching strategy to assist counselor educators with meeting the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs’ (CACREP) core standard titled Helping Relationships. Based on transformative learning theory (TLT), the six core methods of transformational teaching are presented in a case illustration. The case illustration uses an introductory helping relationships course to present one experiential TT activity that addresses each of the six core standards.
The British Mission at Los Alamos: The Social Dimension

Like their American counterparts, the British Mission personnel had no idea what to expect when they were assigned to Los Alamos. Most of them boarded the California Limited in Chicago and disembarked at Lamy, New Mexico (the closest railway station to Los Alamos), about ten miles from Santa Fe. They then were met by car, usually driven by a WAC, and taken to 109 East Palace Avenue in Santa Fe. There they were introduced to Dorothy McKibben, who headed the Santa Fe office, and received their passes to Los Alamos. All were astonished by the adobe architecture, the high desert vegetation, and the expansive horizon of the American Southwest. One scientist recalled wartime Santa Fe as “something out of a western set.”1
Defective anti-listerial responses in deciduoma of pseudopregnant mice

Two different hormonal regimens to induce pseudopregnancy resulted in a pronounced increase in the susceptibility of the murine uterus to intraluminal injections of Listeria monocytogenes. Preimmunization, which profoundly augments systemic listeria resistance, had no effect on this increased uterine susceptibility. Anti-listerial responses in other organs were unaffected by pseudopregnancy. Animals manifesting increased susceptibility formed distinct uterine swellings in response to the combination of hormones and uterine listeria. These swellings correspond to previously described deciduoma and closely mimic the decidualized endometrium of pregnancy. The nature of the defective response to listeria was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Increased bacterial titers were correlated with an inability of macrophages and T lymphocytes to reach tissue listeria in discrete regions of deciduoma-bearing uteri. Control uteri showed a normal granulomatous pattern of inflammation. These findings closely parallel previous findings in the murine decidua basalis and suggest that properties of decidualized endometrial stromal cells regulate local immune responsiveness.
Black and Blue Bloods: Protecting Police Officer Families from Domestic Violence

Officer-involved domestic violence (OIDV) is a national problem, with police officer families having higher rates of domestic violence than non–police officer families. OIDV is also an underresearched problem with few studies or proposed solutions. Many victims of OIDV do not report their abuse precisely because their abuser is a police officer, whom they fear is in a unique position to protect him/herself from any legal consequences. Often, OIDV complaints are not investigated properly in a nonbiased manner. While a handful of police agencies around the country have developed specific policies and procedures to deal with OIDV, Washington State has enacted legislation that requires its police agencies to adopt OIDV-specific policies. The International Associations of Chiefs of Police (IACP), an organization that addresses various issues confronting law enforcement, has also developed a model policy on OIDV. This Note proposes that, in light of the Washington legislation and the model policy proposed by the IACP, each state should enact a statute that requires its police agencies to develop policies on OIDV. This Note also outlines a specific set of procedures that such statutes should, at a minimum, require its police agencies to adopt, ranging from educating police officers on domestic violence to developing guidelines on responding to and investigating OIDV complaints.
Thioaldehydes From Aldehyde‐Hydrogen Sulfide Interaction Under Organocatalysis

Thioaldehydes are an important class of sulfur compounds involved in atmospheric, synthetic organic, and biological chemistry. Traditionally, they are believed to be formed by the nucleophilic attack of bisulfide anion on the carbonyl compounds. Herein, we suggest a new mechanism that does not require the formation of bisulfide anion, but rather involves an interaction between hydrogen sulfide and an aldehyde. Though the uncatalyzed or the water-catalyzed reactions involve high barriers, the formic acid-catalyzed reactions involve moderate barriers that should be accessible in planetary atmospheres. Under acid catalysis, thioaldehydes are formed in a hydrogen-bonded state, which is at least 6.8 kcal mol-1 more stable than separated product and catalyst. This may have implications for the solution-phase synthesis of simpler thioaldehydes, which has been a challenge because of their tendency to oligomerize. Another important implication of these results is for the aspartate semialdehyde→aspartate semithioaldehyde conversion, which is a key biosynthetic reaction in methanogen archaea. The unique ability of the active site aspartate or glutamate residue to catalyze hydrosulfidation of semialdehyde may explain catalysis inside these enzymes.
Culturally Responsive Beliefs and Practices of General and Special Education Teachers Within a Response to Intervention Framework

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which diverse schools engage in culturally responsive beliefs and practices within response to intervention (RTI). Eight diverse elementary schools participated, and 200 general and special education teachers in grades K–5 completed surveys. Areas surveyed included culturally responsive teacher practices, culturally responsive school practices, successes, barriers, and needs to implement culturally responsive practices within RTI. Key findings showed a high proportion of teachers agreed to employing all of the culturally responsive practices except one. An equally high proportion of teachers perceived their school as employing all of the culturally responsive practices except one. Answers to open-ended questions supported and refuted these findings. The findings, including the implications for future research, are discussed.
Gendering Marine Conservation: The Politics of Marine Protected Areas and Fisheries Access

ABSTRACTDrawing on ethnographic case studies from Madagascar, this research shows that multiple marine conservation projects have institutionalized inequitable access to marine recourses along gendered lines. Despite discursive and institutional shifts toward more “collaborative” and “community-based” conservation programing, there is a deficiency of women’s nominal as well as effective participation in community management organizations. This research shows that conservation organizations’ focus on proximate drivers of marine resource use, or a politics of picking the “low-hanging fruit,” over ultimate drivers such as global commodity chains, places disproportionate emphasis on marine spatial enclosures and restricting specific, and gendered, harvest methods. To address gender bias concerning access to and control over natural resources, we must go beyond the rhetoric of “community involvement” to address gendered inequalities in conservation decision making, and whose interests are served by conservatio...
Evaluating the design and development of Reagere

We have designed and implemented a multi-agent shop floor manufacturing control system, called Reagere (Latin for the word react). Reagere is one of the first fully agent-oriented systems, where the agents represent all components (hardware, software, sensors, etc) of the manufacturing environment. Hence Reagere was developed to explore the idea of shop floor control based on agent behavior and reactive techniques. This paper shares lessons learned by evaluating the design decisions taken during the research and implementation of Reagere. By detailing our experiences we hope to provide a better understanding of applying agents within the manufacturing research community.
Differences in Neurocognitive Impairment Among HIV-Infected Latinos in the United States.

Author(s): Marquine, Maria J; Heaton, Anne; Johnson, Neco; Rivera-Mindt, Monica; Cherner, Mariana; Bloss, Cinnamon; Hulgan, Todd; Umlauf, Anya; Moore, David J; Fazeli, Pariya; Morgello, Susan; Franklin, Donald; Letendre, Scott; Ellis, Ron; Collier, Ann C; Marra, Christina M; Clifford, David B; Gelman, Benjamin B; Sacktor, Ned; Simpson, David; McCutchan, J Allen; Grant, Igor; Heaton, Robert K | Abstract: ObjectivesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affects Hispanics/Latinos in the United States, yet little is known about neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in this group. We compared the rates of NCI in large well-characterized samples of HIV-infected (HIV+) Latinos and (non-Latino) Whites, and examined HIV-associated NCI among subgroups of Latinos.MethodsParticipants included English-speaking HIV+ adults assessed at six U.S. medical centers (194 Latinos, 600 Whites). For overall group, age: M=42.65 years, SD=8.93; 86% male; education: M=13.17, SD=2.73; 54% had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. NCI was assessed with a comprehensive test battery with normative corrections for age, education and gender. Covariates examined included HIV-disease characteristics, comorbidities, and genetic ancestry.ResultsCompared with Whites, Latinos had higher rates of global NCI (42% vs. 54%), and domain NCI in executive function, learning, recall, working memory, and processing speed. Latinos also fared worse than Whites on current and historical HIV-disease characteristics, and nadir CD4 partially mediated ethnic differences in NCI. Yet, Latinos continued to have more global NCI [odds ratio (OR)=1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-2.23; pl.01] after adjusting for significant covariates. Higher rates of global NCI were observed with Puerto Rican (n=60; 71%) versus Mexican (n=79, 44%) origin/descent; this disparity persisted in models adjusting for significant covariates (OR=2.40; CI=1.11-5.29; p=.03).ConclusionsHIV+ Latinos, especially of Puerto Rican (vs. Mexican) origin/descent had increased rates of NCI compared with Whites. Differences in rates of NCI were not completely explained by worse HIV-disease characteristics, neurocognitive comorbidities, or genetic ancestry. Future studies should explore culturally relevant psychosocial, biomedical, and genetic factors that might explain these disparities and inform the development of targeted interventions. (JINS, 2018, 24, 163-175).
Global operational land imager Landsat-8 reflectance-based active fire detection algorithm

ABSTRACTA global operational land imager (GOLI) Landsat-8 daytime active fire detection algorithm is presented. It utilizes established contextual active fire detection approaches but takes advantage of the significant increase in fire reflectance in Landsat-8 band 7 (2.20 μm) relative to band 4 (0.66 μm). The detection thresholds are fixed and based on a statistical examination of 39 million non-burning Landsat-8 pixels. Multi-temporal tests based on band 7 reflectance and relative changes in normalized difference vegetation index in the previous six months are used to reduce commissions errors. The probabilities of active fire detection for the GOLI and two recent Landsat-8 active fire detection algorithms are simulated to provide insights into their performance with respect to the fire size and temperature. The algorithms are applied to 11 Landsat-8 images that encompass a range of burning conditions and environments. Commission and omission errors are assessed by visual interpretation of detected acti...
Rapid Detection of Bioterrorism Pathogens

Pathogen identification is a crucial first defense against bioterrorism. A major emphasis of our national biodefense strategy is to establish fast, accurate and sensitive assays for diagnosis of infectious disease agents likely to be used in a bioterrorist event. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases have identified three priority classes or ‘‘select agents’’ of pathogens and toxins. These are designated A, B, and C, and are likely candidates since they can be easily disseminated, usually in aerosol form, require small numbers of organisms or molecules to cause disease, and result in rapid morbidity and mortality. The challenge for most infectious diseases specialists is that these agents are rarely encountered in normal practice, many are seen in remote outbreaks in distant countries, and one (smallpox) has been eradicated with the last case observed several decades ago. As our first line of defense, the vast majority of physicians may not be able to distinguish the early events of a bioterrorist event from other atypical pneumonias or cutaneous infections. The challenge of rapid pathogen or toxin recognition is to aid physicians in the diagnostic process and to help identify at an early stage a potential deliberate outbreak [1]. Such assays will ensure early and appropriate treatment of infected patients, and will alert public health authorities and law enforcement to help contain an outbreak. A major lesson of the October 2001 anthrax outbreak was that aggressive therapeutic intervention saves lives, since highly virulent organisms like anthrax can respond well to antimicrobial therapy when diagnosed in the early stages [2, 3]. Unfortunately, the early signs and symptoms of many of these diseases are nonspecific so it is critical that highly sensitive and reliable tools are available to identify infected individuals. The first step toward effective patient and
Blood Vascular Abnormalities in Rasa1R780Q Knockin Mice: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Capillary Malformation–Arteriovenous Malformation

Capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is an autosomal dominant blood vascular (BV) disorder characterized by CM and fast flow BV lesions. Inactivating mutations of the RASA1 gene are the cause of CM-AVM in most cases. RASA1 is a GTPase-activating protein that acts as a negative regulator of the Ras small GTP-binding protein. In addition, RASA1 performs Ras-independent functions in intracellular signal transduction. Whether CM-AVM results from loss of an ability of RASA1 to regulate Ras or loss of a Ras-independent function of RASA1 is unknown. To address this, we generated Rasa1 knockin mice with an R780Q point mutation that abrogates RASA1 catalytic activity specifically. Homozygous Rasa1 R780Q/R780Q mice showed the same severe BV abnormalities as Rasa1 -null mice and died midgestation. This finding indicates that BV abnormalities in CM-AVM develop as a result of loss of an ability of RASA1 to control Ras activation and not loss of a Ras-independent function of this molecule. More important, findings indicate that inhibition of Ras signaling is likely to represent an effective means of therapy for this disease.
The run-on oligomer filament enzyme mechanism of SgrAI: Part 2. Kinetic modeling of the full DNA cleavage pathway.

Filament or run-on oligomer formation by enzymes is now recognized as a widespread phenomenon with potentially unique enzyme regulatory properties and biological roles. SgrAI is an allosteric type II restriction endonuclease that forms run-on oligomeric filaments with activated DNA cleavage activity and altered DNA sequence specificity. In this two-part work, we measure individual steps in the run-on oligomer filament mechanism to address specific questions of cooperativity, trapping, filament growth mechanisms, and sequestration of activity using fluorophore-labeled DNA, kinetic FRET measurements, and reaction modeling with global data fitting. The final models and rate constants show that the assembly step involving association of SgrAI–DNA complexes into the run-on oligomer filament is relatively slow (3–4 orders of magnitude slower than diffusion limited) and rate-limiting at low to moderate concentrations of SgrAI–DNA. The disassembly step involving dissociation of complexes of SgrAI–DNA from each other in the run-on oligomer filament is the next slowest step but is fast enough to limit the residence time of any one copy of SgrAI or DNA within the dynamic filament. Further, the rate constant for DNA cleavage is found to be 4 orders of magnitude faster in the run-on oligomer filament than in isolated SgrAI–DNA complexes and faster than dissociation of SgrAI–DNA complexes from the run-on oligomer filament, making the reaction efficient in that each association into the filament likely leads to DNA cleavage before filament dissociation.
Cuba, Trade Dependency and the GATT/WTO System

Cuba sought economic independence from the U.S. and its reliance on sugar exports after its 1959 revolution, but subsequently developed new dependency relationships. In the meantime, Cuba remained inside the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), despite conducting most of its trade outside it. This paper explores the political economy of Cuba’s participation in the GATT and later the World Trade Organization (WTO). Documents show that Cuba sought to use its participation to gain new markets and influence in the developing world. While Cuba has gained little economically from its participation, in recent years it has diversified its exports and trade partners, and its trade interests now align more closely with WTO rules. Economic reforms will be necessary in order for Cuba to benefit.
Individual Differences in Reactions to Aggression in Advertising and Knowledge Structures’ Perspective: An Abstract

During the recent years, there has been more programming in media which contain violence (Wilson et al. 2002; Anderson et al. 2007; Gentry and Harrison 2010). Previous research established that exposure to violence in media leads to aggressive responses (Huesmann et al. 2003; Anderson et al. 2010).