cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C regulates adenosine A2A receptor mRNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells

Protein kinase C regulates mRNAs encoding several G protein-linked receptors but its role in adenosine A2a receptor expression is not known. We tested the hypothesis that protein kinase C activated by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) regulates adenosine A2a receptor mRNA levels. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells express adenosine receptors which positively couple to adenylyl cyclase with a pharmacologic profile expected of the A2a subtype. Northern blotting demonstrated an adenosine A2a receptor mRNA species of similar molecular size in SH-SY5Y cells and in human brain. TPA increased adenosine A2a receptor mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Transcription or translation inhibition prevented increases in adenosine A2a receptor mRNA. Bisindolylmaleimide blocked TPA effects. Adenosine A2a receptor mRNA stability was unchanged by TPA. This study identifies a human neuroblastoma cell line expressing functional adenosine A2a receptors. Protein kinase C activation appears to enhance transcription of the adenosine A2a receptor gene.
Immunocytochemical Localization of Prolactin and Relaxin C-Peptide in Human Decidua and Placenta*

The production of PRL by the human decidua is generally accepted, but the production of relaxin by this tissue is not. The two hormones were localized in decidual tissue using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure with antisera to human PRL and to a synthetic 14-amino acid sequence of the connecting peptide of human relaxin (hCpl4). The object of using the hCpl4 antiserum was to verify relaxin production by the detection of C-peptide and/or prorelaxin. Cells of the parietal decidua adherent to the fetal membranes stained with both antisera, and immunostaining for both hormones in the same cell was seen. Also, the decidua-like cells of the placental basal plate stained with both antisera. The chorionic cytotrophoblast stained with the antiserum to hCpl4, but not the antiserum to human PRL, whereas the placental syncytiotrophoblast stained for PRL and/or human placental lactogen (hPL), but not hCpl4. The PRL staining in all tissues was lost when anti-PRL serum absorbed with human placental lactogen (...
Radiation hazards of radio frequency waves on the early embryonic development of Zebrafish

With the growing use of wireless devices in almost all day-to-day activities, exposure to radio-frequency radiation has become an immediate health concern. It is imperative that the effects of such radiation not only on humans, but also on other organisms be well understood. In particular, it is critical to understand if RF radiation has any bearing on the gene expression during embryonic development, as this is a crucial and delicate phase for any organism. Owing to possible effects that RF radiation may have on gene expression, it is essential to explore the carcinogenic or teratogenic properties that it may show. This study observed the effects of RF radiation emitted from a cellular telephone on the embryonic development of zebra fish. The expression of the gene shha plays a key role in the early development of the fish. This gene has homologs in humans as well as in other model organisms. Additionally, several biomarkers indicative of cell stress were examined: including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Results show a significant decrease in the expression of shha, a significant decrease in LDH activity. There was no significant increase in SOD and LPO activity. No morphological abnormalities were observed in the developing embryos. At present, these results indicate that exposure to cell phone radiation may have a suppressive effect on expression of shha in D. rerio, though such exposure does not appear to cause morphological detriments. More trials are underway to corroborate these results.
Ockham on Judgment, Concepts, and The Problem of Intentionality

Introduction In this paper I examine William Ockham's theory of judgment — in particular, his account of the nature and ontological Status of its objects. ‘Judgment’ (Latin iudicio) is the expression Ockham and other medieval thinkers use to refer to a certain subset of what philosophers nowadays call ‘propositional attitudes’. Judgments include all and only those mental states in which a subject not only entertains a given propositional content, but also takes some positive stance with respect to its truth. For Ockham, therefore, as for other medievals, a judgment is a type of mental State that includes attitudes such as belief, knowledge, opinion, doubt, faith, and so on.
Frontal analysis microchip capillary electrophoresis to study the binding of ligands to receptors derivatized on magnetic beads

The model binding of the glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin (Teic) from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, immobilized on magnetic microspheres, to d-Ala-d-Ala terminus peptides was assessed using microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) with continuous frontal analysis (FA). Teic is closely related to vancomycin (Van), historically, the drug of last resort used to treat many Gram-positive bacterial infections. Glycopeptide antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the d-Ala-d-Ala terminus on the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria via hydrogen bonds, thereby preventing the enzyme-mediated cross-linking of peptidoglycan and eventual cell death. In this work direct and competitive bead-based assays in a microfluidic chip are demonstrated. The binding constants obtained using the technique are comparable with values reported in the literature.
Application of the renormalization group to phase transitions in disordered systems

The critical behavior of spin systems with quenched disorder is studied by renormalization-group methods. For the randomly dilute $m$-vector model, the $n=0$ limit is used to construct a translationally invariant effective Hamiltonian which describes the original disordered system. This Hamiltonian is analyzed in the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion to order ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}$. Sharp second-order phase transitions with exponents which do not depend continuously on impurity concentration are predicted. For $mg{m}_{c}\ensuremath{\equiv}4\ensuremath{-}4\ensuremath{\epsilon}+O({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2})$ the isotropic $m$-component fixed point, which characterizes the critical behavior of the pure system, is stable. For $ml{m}_{c}$, a new random fixed point becomes stable. The exponents corresponding to this fixed point are $\ensuremath{\eta}=[\frac{(5{m}^{2}\ensuremath{-}8m)}{256{(m\ensuremath{-}1)}^{2}}]{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}+O({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{3})$, $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{1}{2}+[\frac{3m}{32(m\ensuremath{-}1)}]\ensuremath{\epsilon}+[\frac{m(127{m}^{2}\ensuremath{-}572m\ensuremath{-}32)}{4096{(m\ensuremath{-}1)}^{3}}]{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}+O({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{3})$ for $m\ensuremath{\ne}1$, and $\ensuremath{\eta}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{106}+O({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\frac{3}{2}})$, $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{{(\frac{6\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{53})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}+O(\ensuremath{\epsilon})$ for $m=1$. More general random systems are qualitatively discussed from the effective-Hamiltonian viewpoint.
History of affective disorder and the temporal trajectory of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis.

This study examines whether the general level and rate of change of fatigue over time is different for those rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and those without a history of affective disorder (AD). Four hundred fifteen RA patients from a national panel had yearly telephone interviews to obtain fatigue and distress reports, and a one-time semistructured assessment of the history of depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Growth-curve analysis was used to capture variations in initial fatigue levels and changes in fatigue over 7 years for those with and without a history. RA patients with a history of major AD reported levels of fatigue that were 10% higher than those without a history in the 1st year of the study. Their fatigue reports remained elevated over 7 years. Further analysis showed that the effects of a history of AD on fatigue are fully mediated through current distress, although those with a history had a significantly smaller distress-fatigue slope. Thus, a history of AD leaves RA patients at risk for a 7-year trajectory of fatigue that is consistently higher than that of patients without a history. The elevation in fatigue reports is, at least in part, a function of enduring levels of distress.
Effects of reduced exposure on computed radiography: comparison of nodule detection accuracy with conventional and asymmetric screen-film radiographs of a chest phantom.

Radiographic exposure has been thought to have little impact on the diagnostic quality of chest computed radiography because of automatic digital control of global optical density. The objectives of this study were to compare images obtained with two different exposures in computed radiography with conventional and asymmetric screen-film images of the chest for the detection of simulated lung nodules by use of receiver operating characteristic analysis and to relate differences in observer performance to parameters of image noise measured for each receptor condition.At 110 kVp (fixed), exposures for the two screen-film systems were those necessary to achieve adequate optical densities over the lung and mediastinal regions of an anthropomorphic phantom. The two exposures used for the computed radiographs corresponded to the exposure used for the conventional chest screen-film system and an exposure 22% lower. An anthropomorphic phantom constructed of materials matched to the muscle, lung, and bone attenuat...
Expanding Access and Alternatives: Building Farmers’ Markets in Low-Income Communities

Although farmers’ markets are the most widespread and visible of the diverse alternative agrifood institutions that have emerged over the past three decades, inequalities of class and geography limit their accessibility and availability to economically vulnerable populations. In this article, I examine the problems and prospects of establishing farmers’ markets that serve low-income customers. Creating such markets is complicated, requiring interplay between community-based efforts and government policies. To illustrate, I draw on a case study of alternative institution-building in Louisville, Kentucky. The account is framed in a review of the policies and political protagonism that have contributed to farmers’ markets as sites for enhancing food access.
Years of war in the East, 1939 – 45: A review article

Antony Beevor & Luba Vinogradova (eds), A Writer At War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army, 1941 – 45. London: The Harvill Press, 2005, xxi + 378 pp., £20.00 h/b. Simon Berthon & Joanna Potts, Warl...
A thermogravimetric study of ascorbic acid and its excipients in pharmaceutical formulations

Abstract The thermal decomposition of ascorbic acid and its excipients in tablet formulations was studied under an atmosphere of nitrogen using a thermogravimetric balance. To maximize the tendency of an interaction, binary mixtures (1:1 by weight) of drug and excipient and between excipients were utilized. Two new methods were employed to assess the change in reactivities, and the thermal behavior of the materials under investigation. In the first method, named the αs−αr method, the solid state reactivity of the sample was compared to that of a reference. The term α refers to the extent of the reaction. The second method is called the W p W t method. In this method, the effect of the excipients on the decomposition pattern of ascorbic acid can be shown. The terms Wp and Wt refer to the percentage of residual solid material obtained experimentally (Wp) and theoretically (Wt). The ratio W p W t is reported at various values of temperature.
STM concurrency control for multicore embedded real-time software: time bounds and tradeoffs

We consider software transactional memory (STM) for concurrency control in multicore embedded real-time software. We investigate real-time contention managers (CMs) for resolving transactional conflicts, including those based on dynamic and fixed priorities, and establish upper bounds on transactional retries and task response times. We identify the conditions under which STM (with the proposed CMs) is superior to lock-free synchronization.
IL-4 Amplifies the Pro-Inflammatory Effect of Adenosine in Human Mast Cells by Changing Expression Levels of Adenosine Receptors

Adenosine inhalation produces immediate bronchoconstriction in asthmatics but not in normal subjects. The bronchospastic effect of adenosine is largely mediated through adenosine-induced mast cell activation, the mechanism of which is poorly understood due to limitations in culturing human primary mast cells. Here, we show that human umbilical cord blood -derived mast cells incubated with the Th2 cytokine IL-4 develop increased sensitivity to adenosine. Potentiation of anti-IgE- induced and calcium ionophore/PMA-induced degranulation was augmented in mast cells cultured with IL-4, and this effect was reduced or abolished by pre-treatment with A2BsiRNA and selective A2B receptor antagonists, respectively. IL-4 incubation resulted in the increased expression of A2B and reduced expression of A2A adenosine receptors on human mast cells. These results suggest that Th2 cytokines in the asthmatic lung may alter adenosine receptor expression on airway mast cells to promote increased responsiveness to adenosine.
Molecular depth profiling of histamine in ice using a buckminsterfullerene probe.

We employ a buckminsterfullerene ion source to probe the distribution of histamine molecules at the water-ice/vacuum interface. The experiments utilize secondary ion mass spectrometry to detect molecular ions that are desorbed from a frozen aqueous histamine solution. The results show that this cluster ion probe induces an extraordinarily high sputter yield of 2400 ice molecules per impact event as determined by a quartz crystal microbalance. As a consequence of this high yield, we show that it is possible to produce molecular depth profiles of the top several hundred nanometers below the ice surface without destruction of the molecular ion signal by accumulation of beam-induced chemical damage. Similar profiles are reported for desorbed neutral molecular fragments by utilizing a high-power femtosecond-pulsed laser for photoionization. While this type of information could not be achieved using atomic projectiles, it is possible to remove the damage induced by such projectiles by subsequent cluster bombard...
Variations in exchange rates and inflation in 82 countries: an empirical investigation

Abstract In this paper, we examine the hypothesis that nominal exchange-rate variability can have a positive and significant effect on the variability of inflation, when the statistical relationship between the variability of inflation and its mean rate is estimated for the 1973Q2–1998Q1 period. The analysis employs cross-country data for 82 countries over the current floating exchange-rate era. It employs the instrumental variable estimator, so as to obtain consistent estimates and the Newey–West estimator to account for non-spherical residuals. The empirical evidence supports the hypothesis.
Clinical and research applications of anterior segment optical coherence tomography – a review

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is being employed more and more often to image pathologies and surgical anatomy within the anterior segment, specifically in anterior chamber biometry, corneal pachymetric mapping, angle evaluation and high-resolution cross-sectional imaging. The cross-sectional imaging capability of OCT is similar to ultrasound, but its higher resolution allows OCT to measure and visualize very fine anatomic structures. No contact is required. In this review, we describe the utility and limitations of anterior segment OCT.
Inelastic neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopic investigation of L-alanine alaninium nitrate, a homologue of a ferroelectric material.

The 2 : 1 amino acid salt of L-alanine with nitric acid was crystallized and the vibrational spectrum measured at 25 K by incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectroscopy. The spectrum was simulated using solid-state density functional theory based on a new 90 K structure determination. A feature observed at approximately 450 cm−1 in the INS spectrum of L-alanine alaninium nitrate is noticeably absent in the calculation. Raman spectroscopy reveals spectral differences between the spectra at 77 and 293 K with a 450 cm−1 feature appearing at low temperature. The nature of these spectral changes and the disagreement between the INS spectrum and its simulation are discussed in relation to an apparent structural change involving motion of a proton at low (<90 K) temperature.
Solid-Liquid Interface Slip as a Rate Process

Thin film lubrication may be significantly affected by slip at the solid-liquid interface. Slip occurs when there is a jump in the mean speed between the walls and the first layer of liquid molecules. Using molecular simulation, we show that the amount of slip is greatly affected by solvation pressure and that this dependence can be accounted for by treating slip as a rate process. This treatment enables formulation of a quantitative relationship between solvation pressure and interface slip.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Taxes and portfolio composition

Abstract This paper explores investors portfolio behavior when security returns can be described by one of the forms of the CAPM model and investors pay taxes. The conditions under which an investor holds the market portfolio are explored. In addition the extent to which securities are held in proportions which differ from market weights are shown to be functions of tax rates, dividend policies, and the variance covariance structure between all securities.
Evaluation of human sperm-zona pellucida tight binding by presence of monoclonal antibodies to sperm antigens☆

Characterized WHO monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to human sperm antigens were evaluated as to whether they inhibited sperm-zona pellucida tight binding as assessed by the hemizona assay (HZA). Of the 26 MAbs tested, only one inhibited zona binding. The whole sperm-specific MAb inhibited zona binding by 70%. The MAb also caused strong agglutination. Two procedures, Sephadex column chromatography and papain digestion, were used to determine whether agglutination or steric hindrance was a factor in the capability of MAb to inhibit zona binding. However, inhibition remained comparable to previous results. The MAb did not prevent capacitation, nor calcium influx and the resulting increase in hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction. Since its inhibitory influence is not due to agglutination factors, steric hindrance or prevention of normal pre-fertilization maturation, the MAb may be blocking a portion of the zona binding receptor and may be useful in elucidating sperm antigens important to sperm-egg interaction. The approach used in this study allows definition of sperm surface antigens involved in zona pellucida binding.
The AIDS Epidemic: Business Schools' Response.

Abstract A body of literature has emerged regarding the nature of the AIDS epidemic in the United States and the legal rights of victims. This article reviews and summarizes the literature and reports the results of a recent survey of what business schools have done to incorporate this information into their curricula to prepare future managers to deal effectively with AIDS in the workplace. Suggestions are also provided to help businesses establish their own AIDS education programs.
Foveal cone photopigment bleaching in central serous retinopathy.

Color-matching techniques were used to follow the course of central serous retinopathy in thirteen patients. During periods of neurosensory detachments, cone optical densities were low. In some patients optical densities remained low following clinical resolution of the disease. In addition, abnormalities of bleaching were observed for one patient in one eye that appeared clinically unaffected during a period of detachment of the fellow eye. Analysis of the data indicates that for longitudinal measurements of optical density, standard Nagel anomaloscope matches can provide an accurate estimate of changes in foveal optical density, although they cannot provide a measure of the absolute optical density.
Raman and Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy of Epitaxial CdTe/InSb Interfaces Grown by Low-Energy Bias Sputtering

Heteroepitaxial (100)CdTe || (100)InSb structures have been fabricated by growing CdTe epilayers, at growth temperatures below 200°C, on single crystal InSb substrates by low-energy bias sputtering. Controlled low-energy ion bombardment at the substrate was employed to clean the growth surface in-situ just prior to film deposition and to modify the growth kinetics and enhance adatom mobility during deposition. Raman spectroscopy of the interface revealed no evidence of In{in2}Te{in3} and secondary ion mass spectroscopy showed the interface to be chemically abrupt.
Microtoxicology. IV. The Identification of Antihistaminic Drugs of the Thenyl Series

The optical crystallographic properties of antihistaminic drugs of the thenyl series have been determined and are recorded in this report. Other means of identification and differentiation involving the use of six common colorimetric alkaloidal reagents are described. The crystallographic properties described offer the best means of identification.
Controlled release of macromolecules from a degradable polyanhydride matrix

Polymeric matrices that slowly release macromolecules may be useful for the controlled delivery of proteins or polymer-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery. Solid particles of fluorescein and fluorescently-labeled, size-fractionated dextran (4000-150,000 number average molecular weight) were dispersed in degradable polyanhydride matrices composed of a 1:1 copolymer of fatty acid dimers and sebacic acid. The release of macromolecules from the polymer matrix into buffered saline was measured; changes in the polymer during immersion were monitored by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Although significant hydrolysis of the polymer occurred within the first day, the matrices remained intact and water-soluble tracers were slowly released for several days. During polymer hydrolysis and erosion, micron-sized pores developed throughout the 2 mm thick polymer matrix, permitting water penetration into the matrix and tracer diffusion out of the matrix. The rate of tracer release from the matrix depended on tracer particle size; rates of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran release were controlled by adjusting the size of particles dispersed in the matrix.
Serendipitous EUV sources detected during the first year of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer right angle program

We report the detection of 114 extreme ultraviolet (EUV; 58 - 740 A) sources, of which 99 are new serendipitous sources, based on observations made with the imaging telescopes on board the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) during the Right Angle Program (RAP). These data were obtained using the survey scanners and the Deep Survey instrument during the first year of the spectroscopic guest observer phase of the mission, from January 1993 to January 1994. The data set consists of 162 discrete pointings whose exposure times are typically two orders of magnitude longer than the average exposure times during the EUVE all-sky survey. Based on these results, we can expect that EUVE will serendipitously detect approximately 100 new EUV sources per year, or about one new EUV source per 10 sq deg, during the guest observer phase of the EUVE mission. New EUVE sources of note include one B star and three extragalactic objects. The B star (HR 2875, EUVE J0729 - 38.7) is detected in both the Lexan/B (approximately 100 A) and Al/Ti/C (approximately 200 A) bandpasses, and the detection is shown not to be a result of UV leaks. We suggest that we are detecting EUV and/or soft x rays from a companion to the B star. Three sources, EUVE J2132+10.1, EUVE J2343-14.9, and EUVE J2359-30.6 are identified as the active galactic nuclei MKN 1513, MS2340.9-1511, and 1H2354-315, respectively.
Information in tweets: Analysis of a bufferless timing channel model.

There has been a considerable interest in quantifying the influence that one node exerts on another in a social network. Using directed information, we study the problem for a simple, two-node network that models two users in a Twitter network in which one user (Alice) influences the other user (Bob) through her tweets. Under this setup, we relate the problem of direction of influence to the calculation of directed information from the input to the output in a bufferless singleserver timing queue. Based on this relationship, we compute the directed information rate from Alice to Bob and, under simplifying assumptions, relate that rate to the distributions of Alice’s tweet timings and Bob’s action timings.
Mitomycin C for the treatment of pharyngoesophageal stricture after total laryngopharyngectomy and microvascular free tissue reconstruction.

Objectives To assess the role of mitomycin C (MMC) in the management of pharyngoesophageal stricture after total laryngopharyngectomy and free flap reconstruction. Study Design Five patients since 1998 underwent evaluation and treatment for pharyngoesophageal stricture after total laryngopharyngectomy and free flap reconstruction. The method of reconstruction included four tubed radial forearm free flaps and one jejunal free flap. All patients underwent barium swallow, computed tomography, and endoscopic examination and were proven to be free of recurrent disease. Methods The patients were taken to the operating room. After dilation, the stenotic segment was exposed, and 1 mL of 0.4 mg/mL mitomycin-C was applied for 4 minutes using a cotton pledget. The patients were then followed clinically and with barium swallows for a minimum follow-up period of 18 months. Results All five patients experienced improved swallowing ability. The need for further dilatations was either eliminated or lessened. All patients were happy with the treatment results. No complications occurred. Conclusions This small case series suggests that MMC is a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for pharyngoesophageal stricture after total laryngopharyngectomy and free flap reconstruction.
THE PSEUDOCONTINUUM BOUND-FREE OPACITY OF HYDROGEN AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN COOL WHITE DWARF ATMOSPHERES

We investigate the importance of the pseudocontinuum bound-free opacity from hydrogen atoms in the atmospheres of cool white dwarfs. This source of absorption, when calculated by the occupation probability formalism applied in the modeling of white dwarf atmospheres with Teff < 17,000 K, dominates all other sources of opacity at optical wavelengths. This is unrealistic and not observed. On the other hand, a significant flux suppression in the blue part of the spectra of cool white dwarfs has been reported and mainly interpreted as a result of the pseudocontinuum absorption from atomic hydrogen. We investigate this problem by proposing a new, more realistic approach to calculating this source of opacity. We show that this absorption is orders of magnitude smaller than that predicted by current methods. Therefore, we rule out the pseudocontinuum opacity as a source of the flux deficiency observed in the spectra of cool white dwarfs.
Clinical Investigation in Dermatology1

It is a great honor for me to address the membership of this society and its guests in my role as President.
Skin friction behind isolated hemispheres and the formation of obstacle marks

We have measured the mean magnitude and direction, and the rms fluctuation intensity, of the skin friction behind plain hemispherical obstacles and behind hemispheres with tapered artificial tails one and four obstacle heights long. Downstream of reattachment, the mean skin-friction magnitude is about 20% greater than its free-stream value along the centre-line and comparably reduced to either side of it. The horizontal divergence of the skin-friction vector field is positive (divergent) along the centre-line and negative (convergent) to either side of it. Neither of these conditions favours development of a ridge longer than the separation length along the centre line. The development of ridges or tails many obstacle heights long, commonly observed in nature, requires considerable modification of the simple sediment-free wakes we have studied.
Dimensions of everyday memory in late adulthood

Deficits in the cognitive performance of elderly adults in comparison to that of younger adults are well-documented. Although many researchers have observed that elderly adults appear to function competently in their normal environments, few systematic studies support that claim. As a first step toward understanding the apparent discrepancy between laboratory and real-world performance, elderly adults completed a self-report “everyday memory” questionnaire, along with measures of health and activity. Factor-analysis procedures revealed five underlying dimensions of everyday memory; these dimensions were interpreted in information processing terms to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Basic attention processes appeared to be the “proximal cause” of many common everyday memory failures. Contributions of gender and health status to everyday memory functioning were also examined. Higher incidence of illness and prescription drug use among elderly men was associated with a higher incidence of encoding failures than among elderly women.
REFRACTORIES IN METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES

Refractory performance, requirements, and life in the major metallurgical industries are discussed and the effect of improvements of refractories on metallurgical products and the life of furnaces are outlined. Newer refractory products are discussed and the place they are finding in the metallurgical industries mentioned.
Feeding and neuroendocrine responses after recurrent insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Abstract Prior exposure to hypoglycemia impairs neuroendocrine counterregulatory responses (CRR) during subsequent hypoglycemia. Defective CRR to hypoglycemia is a component of the clinical syndrome hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). Hypoglycemia also potently stimulates food intake, an important behavioral CRR. Because the increased feeding response to hypoglycemia is behavioral and not hormonal, we hypothesized that it may be regulated differently with recurrent bouts of hypoglycemia. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously evaluated neuroendocrine CRR and food intake in rats experiencing one or three episodes of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. As expected, recurrent hypoglycemia significantly reduced neuroendocrine hypoglycemic CRR. Epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and glucagon responses 120 min after insulin injection were significantly reduced in recurrent hypoglycemic rats, relative to rats experiencing hypoglycemia for the first time. Despite these neuroendocrine impairments, food intake was significantly elevated above baseline saline intake whether rats were experiencing a first (hypoglycemia: 3.4 ± 0.4 g vs. saline: 0.94 ± 0.3 g, P P
Venus orogenic belt environments: Architecture and origin

Orogenic belt environments (Danu, Akna, Freyja, and Maxwell Montes) in Western Ishtar Terra, Venus, display a range of architectural elements, including (from the center of Western Ishtar outward) an inboard plateau (Lakshmi Planum), the linear orogenic belts themselves, outboard plateaus, steep scarps bounding Ishtar, adjacent linear foredeeps and outboard rises, and outboard low-lying volcanic plains. The main elements of the architecture are interpreted to be due to the convergence, underthrusting, and possible subduction of lowland plains at the margins of a preexisting tessera plateau of thicker crust.
Evolution of Innate and Adaptive Effector Cell Functions during Acute HIV-1 Infection

Early events during acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are critical in determining the course of disease progression. Cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in this acute response to infection; however, little is known about the coevolution of innate and adaptive effector cell populations during the initial phase of HIV-1 infection. Here, we have characterized the development of innate natural killer (NK) cell and adaptive HIV-1-specific CD8 + T cell function during acute HIV-1 infection. Although NK cell populations were significantly expanded during acute infection before HIV-1 seroconversion, HIV-1-specific CD8 + T cell responses were absent or weak and were inversely correlated with the level of NK cell activity. NK cell activity was directly correlated with the level of viral replication during acute HIV-1 infection and declined rapidly in subjects who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy, whereas NK cell activity remained elevated in subjects who did not initiate therapy. Yet, reexposure to HIV-1 antigen during treatment discontinuation in chronic infection resulted in a synchronous increase in NK and CD8 + T cell activity. Overall, these data demonstrate that expansion of the NK cell population precedes the development of adaptive HIV-1-specific CD8 + T cells during acute infection but that both effector cell subsets respond with similar kinetics during chronic HIV-1 infection.
Photometry and Photometric Redshifts of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field South Nicmos Field

We present an electronic catalog of infrared and optical photometry and photometric redshifts of 323 galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field South NICMOS field at this http URL The analysis is based on infrared images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope using the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrograph and the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph together with optical images obtained with the Very Large Telescope. The infrared and optical photometry is measured by means of a new quasi-optimal photometric technique that fits model spatial profiles of the galaxies determined by Pixon image reconstruction techniques to the images. In comparison with conventional methods, the new technique provides higher signal-to-noise-ratio measurements and accounts for uncertainty correlations between nearby, overlapping neighbors. The photometric redshifts are measured by means of our redshift likelihood technique, incorporating six spectrophotometric templates which, by comparison with spectroscopic redshifts of galaxies identified in the Hubble Deep Field North, are known to provide redshift measurements accurate to within an RMS relative uncertainty of (Delta z)/(1 + z) 10.
Sulfhydryl group donors potentiate the hypotensive effect of acetylcholine in rats.

Nitric oxide mediates the vasodilator and hypotensive responses of acetylcholine infusion. It has been reported that nitric oxide could be protected from free radical destruction by forming an S-nitrosothiol compound. Furthermore, sulfhydryl donors such as N-acetylcysteine or thiosalicylic acid enhance nitric oxide production from nitroglycerin. Consequently, the hypotensive effect of intravenous acetylcholine infusion might be potentiated during the simultaneous administration of sulfhydryl donors. The objective of the present study was to test in Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (1) whether the hypotensive effect of acetylcholine (10 micrograms/kg per minute) was affected by the simultaneous administration of N-acetylcysteine (10 micrograms/kg per minute) or thiosalicylic acid (10 micrograms/kg per minute), and (2) whether NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (100 micrograms/kg per minute) administration was able to reverse the changes induced by acetylcholine plus N-acetylcysteine or acetylcholine plus thiosalicylic acid. The administration of acetylcholine reduced (P < .05) mean arterial pressure in WKY rats (13 +/- 2%) and SHR (14 +/- 2%) without affecting urine flow rate, urinary sodium excretion, and glomerular filtration rate. In the presence of N-acetylcysteine, the acetylcholine-induced reduction in mean arterial pressure was potentiated (P < .05) in WKY rats (24 +/- 4%) and SHR (20 +/- 2%). These changes in mean arterial pressure were accompanied by significant reductions in urine flow rate and urinary sodium excretion in WKY rats, as well as in glomerular filtration rate in SHR.2
Algorithmic software fault localization

Debugging tools offer a rich set of breakpoint and displaying facilities. Those do not involve, however, a means for automatic identification of potentially faulty parts of the programs being debugged. Although that goal might be unrealistic in general, even partial solution to the problem, for a restricted classes of faults, might be useful. Towards that goal the authors present a novel fault localization algorithm that is capable of identifying a restricted class of programming faults for Pascal-like languages. The algorithm uses the following principle for fault localization: if a program component produces an incorrect result, while its input is correct, then the program component is faulty. The algorithm uses the computation trajectory-based influence relations to formulate hypotheses about the nature of the fault. User input is needed to assess correctness of intermediate situations on the trajectory. The set of potentially faulty statements generated by the algorithm is closely related to the concept of dynamic slice (B. Korel et al., 1988). The algorithm has been implemented in the System for Testing and Debugging (B. Korel et al., 1988). Early experiments indicate that the approach can be quite useful, particularly for inexperienced programmers. >
White-Out: Erasing Sab from her Life’s Work

The former slave who prefers not to be free of his beloved mistress and whose mixed colour and noble manner frustrate facile identifications, is an almost autobiographical literary vehicle for his author, the Cuban-Spanish young woman who refused to abide by established roles. Through Sab, Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda turns a tired and deterritorialized inherited language into a field of struggle for new meanings and local uses.
Group Summary: Turbulence Theory

A wide range of diverse topics were studied during the workshop. These included both incompressible and compressible flows using both theoretical and numerical techniques. In the incompressible regime, three studies were conducted which ranged from the numerical solution of two-equation and Reynolds stress transport equations to the development of near-wall damping functions. In the compressible regime, theoretical studies were conducted on the effects of reactive and nonreactive wave interactions with turbulence as well as on the development of spectral scaling laws.
The Paradox of Coase as a Defender of Free Markets

Mention "free market advocate" or "defender of private property rights" and the name Ronald Coase is certain to be included in the top ten list of virtually all cognoscenti of such matters. Nor can it be denied that there are numerous good and sufficient reasons for this assessment. Nevertheless, it is the contention of the present paper that this characterization is unjustified with respect to his most famous publication on social costs. Here, in sharp contrast to most of his other work, we argue that Coase is better interpreted in the very opposite manner: as an intellectual enemy of free enterprise and capitalism.
Exclusion, Fusion, or Dialogue: How Should Religion and Politics Relate?

Th e 1976 presidential campaign produced a great deal of specu lation about Jimmy Carter's religion, sometimes outstripping dis cussion of his political views. Watching a successful presidential candidate so naturally and sincerely bring his religious perspectives and commitments into the political arena has been for many a novel and unsettling experience, which raises anew the question of how religion and politics do and should relate. There are three basic options: (1) an archaic fusion, in which religion sanctifies the state and its rulers; (2) a historic dialogue, in which religion limits, guides, and challenges the state and its governors; and (3) a modern exclusion, in which religion ignores the state and its officials. Currently, all of these options are present in the United States and have been practiced at institutional, personal, and intermediate levels. At the institutional level, the Constitution prohibits the establishment of religion and encourages religious liberty, a combi nation popularly known as separation of church and state. From independent positions, therefore, church and state can bolster, chal lenge, or ignore each other. At the personal level, the Constitution forbids a religious test for an individual to hold office, thus allowing politicians to advocate the religious perspective of their choice. A president, then, may use religion to idolize himself, embrace it as a source of guidance and criticism, or disregard it. At the intermediate level, a variety of forces interact, representing competing types of civil religion. In formulating a political strategy and the reasons for it, a candidate may heed religious and ethical views from church pronouncements, government documents, preach ers, politicians, newspaper commentators, citizens, and his own conscience. These contributing views and the resulting position reflect archaic civil religion if they identify the divine with the state, historic civil religion if they place the divine over the state, and
Development of ssDNA-based aptamers specific to PSMA

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been considered a valuable biomarker for specific imaging detection and selective targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Compared to antibodies, the apta...
A novel approach for implementing structural health monitoring systems for aerospace structures

Abstract Operations and support (O&S) expenses of the Department of Defense (DoD) weapon systems account for 65–80% of the total life cycle cost. One of the principal contributors to O&S cost is the airframe maintenance process. The US Air Force airframes are maintained using the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program (ASIP). ASIP's goal is to ensure the desired level of structural safety, durability, and supportability with the least possible economic burden throughout the aircraft design service life. ASIP uses a schedule-based maintenance approach by establishing predefined maintenance intervals for performing manual inspections. This approach requires vehicles to be removed from service at predetermined times regardless of their actual condition. In most cases, inspections performed during this process do not find any damage, and the airframe is returned to service until the next inspection interval. In December 2007, the DoD implemented the “Condition-Based Maintenance Plus” policy. As the name indicates, the DoD plans to move toward a process that services weapon systems based on their actual condition instead of the presumptive schedule-based approach. As a result of this policy, an increased emphasis has been placed on the development of advanced health management technologies, such as structural health monitoring (SHM). An essential element of condition based maintenance is improved decision making. This chapter presents a recently developed method for improved decision making, the cognitive architecture for state exploitation (CASE). CASE is demonstrated in a laboratory simulation of an SHM task. The simulation is followed by a comparison of availability, reliability, and costs that result from CASE and ASIP-guided decisions. Although the CASE guided decisions in the SHM application show great potential benefits, it is a new technology which must be validated before it can be used in practice. The chapter concludes with a discussion regarding methods for the validation of SHM systems when maintenance decisions are aided by a progressive decision framework such as CASE.
Clinical Applying of Galvanization

Electrotherapy is the use of different types of current and electromagnetic field treatment for diseases,and it is one of the most common methods of physical therapy,including direct current therapy,low-frequency pulse therapy,IF pulse therapy,high-frequency electric therapy and electrostatic therapy,this article aims introducting the physiological role of Galvanization and its clinical application.
Why Does the Reaction of the Dihydrogen Molecule with [P2N2]Zr(μ-η2-N2)Zr[P2N2] Produce [P2N2]Zr(μ-η2-N2H)Zr[P2N2](μ-H) but Not the Thermodynamically More Favorable [P2N2]Zr(μ-NH)2Zr[P2N2]? A Theoretical Study

The mechanism of reaction of binuclear zirconium dinitrogen complex [p2n2]Zr(μ-η2-N2)Zr[p2n2] (1, where p2n2 = (PH3)2(NH2)2 as a model of the experimentally used P2N2 = PhP(CH2SiMe2NSiMe2CH2)2PPh ligand), with a hydrogen molecule has been studied by using the density functional method. It is shown that this reaction proceeds via (i) activation of the H−H σ-bond via a “metathesis-like” transition state where simultaneously Zr−H and N−H bonds are formed and the H−H and one of the N−N π-bonds are broken, to produce the diazenidohydride complex 3, [p2n2]Zr(μ-η2-NNH)Zr(H)[p2n2], and (ii) migration of the Zr-bonded hydride ligand to a position bridging the two Zr atoms to form the diazenido−μ-hydride complex 7, [p2n2]Zr(μ-η2-NNH)Zr[p2n2](μ-H). The entire reaction is calculated to be exothermic by 13−15 kcal/mol. The rate-determining step of this reaction is found to be the activation of the H−H bond, which occurs with a 21-kcal/mol barrier. The experimentally observed diazenido−μ-hydride complex 7, [p2n2]Zr(μ-η...
PDE4 Differential Expression Is a Potential Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Target in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Abstract Background (or Purpose) Inflammation has an essential role in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Its expression is controlled by phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). Thus, PDE4 inhibitors might be useful therapeutic targets for MDS. Patients (or Materials) and Methods We evaluated the expression of each isoform of PDE4 (A, B, C, and D) using transcriptomic profiling and examined the potential impact on the outcome of patients with MDS in terms of survival and response to hypomethylating agents. Total RNA was extracted from CD34+ bone marrow hematopoietic cells from healthy individuals (n = 10) and patients with MDS (n = 24) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 19). Results The study cohort had a median follow-up period of 21.2 months (range, 0.2-68 months) and a median overall survival of 17.6 months (95% confidence interval, 9.6-25.6). The main finding of the present study was that PDE4 mean expression was generally higher in patients with MDS than in healthy individuals. Also, upregulated PDE4 expression seemed to have a possible negative effect on survival (P > .05). Moreover, lower, compared with higher, mean PDE4A and PDE4C expression is indicative of a response to a hypomethylating agent (0.09 and 0.03 vs. 0.54 and 0.49, respectively; P > .05). Conclusion These results should be confirmed in a larger patient cohort. PDE4 expression could be an effective potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for patients with MDS and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The role of PDE4 inhibitors should be explored in vitro against MDS cell lines and in preclinical mouse models of MDS.
Comparative study between various controllers for power system stabilizer using Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper compares PSS based various controller structures on a single machine connected to infinite bus system. The controllers hold the types of PID, PD, PI, and lead-lag controllers. These controllers were tuned by a technique called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The PSO was undertaken for multiple operating points related to the system in order to find a global solution. The simulation results had shown that the PSO optimized the PSS based PID controller structure has achieved the best performance in stabilizing the system when a disturbance occurred.