cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microbiology of the frankfurter process: salmonella and natural aerobic flora.

Salmonella senftenberg 775W added to frankfurter emulsion was killed during normal processing in the smoke house when internal product temperature was 71.1 C (160 F) or above. The thermal destruction point of S. senftenberg 775W in frankfurters (temperature at which no viable cells were detected) was a function of the length of time of the process rather than of the starting number of cells. Heating of frankfurters to 73.9 C (165 F) substantially reduced the total non-salmonella count. For total non-salmonella bacterial flora and salmonella, relatively little thermal destruction occurred below 43.3 C (110 F). The heating step can bring about a 7-log cycle decrease (108 to 101/g) of bacteria present in the raw emulsion. The flora of this high-bacteriological-count raw emulsion was predominantly gram-negative rods. Variation in the number of bacteria (both total and salmonella) surviving at various temperatures during processing was attributed to slight variations in the temperature pattern of the smoke house during its operation. An integration process was devised which allowed calculation of exposure to temperatures above 110 F (43.3 C) on the basis of degree-minutes. Plots of degree-minutes versus log of surviving bacteria were linear. The salmonella plot had a greater slope than that of the total non-salmonella flora, indicating that salmonellae are more heat sensitive than the bacterial population as a whole. The predominant bacteria surviving the heating step were micrococci. These micrococci were able to increase in number in or on the frankfurters during storage at 5 C.
Analysis and Diagnostics of Adjacent and Nonadjacent Broken-Rotor-Bar Faults in Squirrel-Cage Induction Machines

In this paper, faults associated with the rotor of an induction machine are considered. More specifically, effects of adjacent and nonadjacent bar breakages on rotor fault diagnostics in squirrel-cage induction machines are studied. It is shown that some nonadjacent bar breakages may result in the masking of the commonly used fault indices and, hence, may lead to a possible misdiagnosis of the machine. A discussion of the possible scenarios of these breakages as well as some conclusions regarding the types of squirrel-cage induction machines (number of poles, number of squirrel-cage bars, etc.) that may be more prone to these nonadjacent types of failures are presented. This discussion is supported through both simulation and experimental results. It is also shown that secondary fault effects can be used to diagnose such nonadjacent bar breakages.
Retention of DDT and DDE by the Bovine

Abstract Four male calves seven to nine months of age were fed 2 g of DDT or DDE for 75 days to determine the comparative retention of the compounds. Complete balance trials were conducted at 30 and 70 days. The animals were slaughtered at 75 days and tissue samples obtained. The calf receiving only DDE excreted about 18% of the administered amount in the feces. The calves receiving DDT excreted 25 to 40% of the administered DDT into the feces during the first trial and about 50% during the second trial. The average concentration of DDT, DDE, and DDD in perirenal fat was 3.3, 1,500, and 0.0 ppm for the calf receiving DDE; 240, 26, and 30 ppm for the calf receiving DDT; and 195, 1,500, and 24 ppm for the calves receiving the combination. Concentrations in other tissues showed similar relationships. Neither DDT nor DDE had an important effect on the retention of the other compound.
Personality Traits and Chronic Disease: Implications for Adult Personality Development

Objective. Personality traits have been associated with chronic disease. Less is known about the longitudinal relation between personality and disease and whether chronic disease is associated with changes in personality. Method. Participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 2,008) completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and a standard medical interview at regularly scheduled visits; the Charlson Comorbidity Index, a weighted sum of 19 serious diseases, was derived from this interview. Using data from 6,685 visits, we tested whether personality increased risk of disease and whether disease was associated with personality change. Results. Measured concurrently, neuroticism and conscientiousness were associated with greater disease burden. The impulsiveness facet of neuroticism was the strongest predictor of developing disease across the follow-up period: For every standard deviation increase in impulsiveness, there was a 26% increased risk of developing disease and a 36% increased risk of getting more ill. Personality traits changed only modestly with disease: As participants developed chronic illnesses, they became more conservative (decreased openness). Discussion. This research indicates that personality traits confer risk for disease, in part, through health-risk behaviors. These traits, however, were relatively resistant to the effect of serious disease.
Removal of Ca40 and Ca45 from bone by citrate as influenced by the parathyroids.

The effects produced by the introduction of exogenous citrate in a neu tralized rinsing fluid into the peritoneal cavities of nephrectomized and para-thyroidectomized-nephrectomized male rats were followed through the technique of peritoneal lavage. Both groups of animals showed progressive increases i n wash calcium when as little as 15 to 25 mg. of citric acid were added per 100 ml. of rinsing fluid. Peritoneal equilibration for one and one-half hours instead of one hour increased the amounts of calcium removed in the wash. Parathyroid-ectomized rats given the same amounts of citrate as control rats showed lower total wash calcium values; however, the increases in both groups were relative when compared to their citrate-free rinse values. The addition of citric acid did not appreciably alter the amount of radio-calcium removed in the wash when the radioactivity was administered within twenty-four hours of the start of the lavage. Therefore, because of the increase i n the total calcium removed, the spec...
Treating women incest survivors: a bridge between "cumulative trauma" and "post-traumatic stress"

While the concept of traumatic stress plays an intrinsic part in the diagnosis and treatment of adult incest survivors, the developmental framework within which the victimization has occurred may be overlooked. This paper presents a treatment model that integrates theories of post-traumatic stress and early environmental trauma. A profile of women incest survivors is given and an overview of treatment strategies utilizing the above theories is discussed.
HIV Blip Synching: Get the Timing Right

fine the waveform of a blip: > 1 baseline undetectable load, a low-level "spike," and a subsequent undetectable load. Without confirmation before and after the blip that the detected low-level viremia is transient, the magnitude and duration of unchecked viral replication and, potentially, the risk of developing drug resistance cannot be assessed. (Without the early confirmation that a new spike in the viral load is re-
Ontogenetic changes in the response properties of individual, primary auditory afferents in the vocal plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus Girard.

SUMMARY The auditory system of adult midshipman fish Porichthys notatus Girard is an important sensory receiver system used during intraspecific social communication to encode conspecific vocalizations, but the response properties and function of this system in the pre-adult stages are unknown. Midshipman fish, like other teleosts, use the saccule as the main acoustic end organ of the inner ear. In this study, we examined the discharge properties and the frequency response dynamics of auditory saccular afferent neurons in pre-adult midshipman (∼4–12 months of age) to determine whether encoding of auditory information, inclusive of conspecific vocalizations, changes across life history stages. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from saccular afferents while sound was presented via an underwater speaker. Comparisons with adult data show that the resting discharge rate and auditory threshold sensitivity increased with age/size, while temporal encoding of frequency did not show any significant shifts. The results indicate that the saccular afferents of juveniles, like those of non-reproductive adults, are best adapted to temporally encode the low frequency components (≤100 Hz) of midshipman vocalizations. This report represents the first in vivo investigation of age-related changes in the encoding properties of individual auditory neurons for any fish species.
Physical therapy management for conversion disorder: case series.

Patients with conversion disorder present with symptomsof sensory and motor dysfunction that are not explained by knownphysical disorders or pathophysiological mechanisms. Correct diag-nosis and prompt, effective management of patients with this disor-der is essential. Healthcare providers may be unaware of the impor-tant role of physical therapy in the management of patients withconversion disorder. While numerous reports have suggested theneed for physical therapy management of this disorder, there is alack of reports outlining speciﬁc physical therapy managementprinciples or daily treatment progression. The purpose of this seriesof case reports is to provide an overview of conversion disorder anddescribe successful physical therapy management strategies used totreat three patients with movement impairment due to this disorder.
Retinal bipolar cells : Temporal filtering of signals from cone photoreceptors

The temporal dynamics of the response of neurons in the outer retina were investigated by intracellular recording from cones, bipolar, and horizontal cells in the intact, light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), with special emphasis on comparing the two major classes of bipolars cells, the ON depolarizing bipolars (Bd) and the OFF hyperpolarizing bipolars (Bh). Transfer functions were computed from impulse responses evoked by a brief light flash on a steady background of 20 cd/m(2). Phase delays ranged from about 89 ms for cones to 170 ms for Bd cells, yielding delays relative to that of cones of about 49 ms for Bh cells and 81 ms for Bd cells. The difference between Bd and Bh cells, which may be due to a delay introduced by the second messenger G-protein pathway unique to Bd cells, was further quantified by latency measurements and responses to white noise. The amplitude transfer functions of the outer retinal neurons varied with light adaptation in qualitative agreement with results for other vertebrates and human vision. The transfer functions at 20 cd/m(2) were predominantly low pass with 10-fold attenuation at about 13, 14, 9.1, and 7.7 Hz for cones, horizontal, Bh, and Bd cells, respectively. The transfer function from the cone voltage to the bipolar voltage response, as computed from the above measurements, was low pass and approximated by a cascade of three low pass RC filters ("leaky integrators"). These results for cone-->bipolar transmission are surprisingly similar to recent results for rod-->bipolar transmission in salamander slice preparations. These and other findings suggest that the rate of vesicle replenishment rather than the rate of release may be a common factor shaping synaptic signal transmission from rods and cones to bipolar cells.
All Rights Reversed: A Study Of Copyleft, Open-Source, And Open-Content Licensing

If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it. Thomas Jefferson
Decay of 131Ba131Cs

Abstract The absolute intensities of eight γ-rays emitted following electron capture in 131 Ba have been determined: 0·130 MeV (0·28), 0·220 MeV (0·380 MeV (0·16), 0·496 MeV (0·60), 0·600 MeV (0·0.32), 0·820 MeV (0·0034), 0·910 MeV (0·0009), and 1·04 MeV (0·017). The method used was to prepare 131 Ba free from its 131 Cs daughter, allow the 131 Cs activity to grow in, separate the 131 Cs activity from the parent and measure its activity, measure the γ-activity of the 131 Ba by γ-ray spectrometry, and calculate the absolute amount of 131 Ba from parent daughter growth relationships. The half-life of 131 Cs has been determined to be 9·83 ± 0·28 days. The ratio of the pile neutron activation cross-sections for the production of 131 Ba and 133 Ba has been found to be σ 130 σ 132 = 1·36 ± 0·08 .
Flight Testing of a Prototype LOX/propylene Upper Stage Engine 1

The paper discusses the development and testing of a 2000 N thrust liquid oxygen/propylene rocket engine designed to power the upper stage of a Nanosat Launch Vehicle (NLV). The preliminary design is intended for space operations with an expansion ratio of 70. The targeted combustion eciency is 95% and nozzle eciency is 98%, corresponding to a specic impulse of 347 s. Propellants are introduced and mixed in the combustion chamber utilizing an unlike doublet injector element. In addition, lm cooling is provided in order to extend the life of the ablative chamber. Ignition is accomplished with a single igniter located in the center of the face of the injector. Consistent with the employed incremental approach, these requirements are relaxed for
Holistic Admissions After Affirmative Action Does “Maximizing” the High School Curriculum Matter?

Selective colleges and universities purport to consider students’ achievement in the context of the academic opportunities available in their high schools. Thus, students who “maximize” their curricular opportunities should be more likely to gain admission. Using nationally representative data, we examine the effect of “maximizing the curriculum” on admission to selective colleges. We find that curriculum maximization has very little effect on students’ probability of college admission outside of states with affirmative action bans. Low-income students are less likely to maximize their high school curriculum, and underrepresented racial minority students are both less likely to maximize their high school curriculum and less likely to benefit from doing so when applying to colleges in states that ban affirmative action. Thus, even if widely diffused, holistic admissions practices may be unlikely to adequately reduce race or class disparities in higher education.
Indications for radical and extended radical mastectomy.

The choice of a surgical procedure for patients with potentially curable breast carcinoma must be individualized. Objectives of treatment and considerations in treatment planning are discussed. This article dispels some of the confusion that exists as to precisely what constitutes extended radical, standard radical, modified, and total mastectomies.
SILAR Growth of Ag3VO4 and Characterization for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

α-Ag3VO4 has shown promise as a photocatalyst for decomposition of organics and H2O in particle dispersion studies, but no thin film studies of Ag3VO4 have looked at its photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties. Addressing this deficiency, we grow films via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) and characterize the material using standard physical and PEC techniques. We confirm a low bandgap of 2.2 eV and report the first results on chemical and electrochemical stability, intrinsic doping behavior, flat-band potential, and potential dependence of photocurrent. While our results are not initially promising with respect to the applicability of Ag3VO4 to solar water splitting, they highlight the most important property changes necessary to make Ag3VO4 competitive with better known photocatalysts and the salience of thin-film studies for PEC material characterization.
Institutional Aspects and Policy Background of Water Scarcity Problems in the United States

Abstract The prior appropriation doctrine promoted the rapid development of the western United States by securing scarce water to irrigated agriculture when it was the major economic sector. It currently frustrates water reallocation to emerging nonappropriative uses whose contribution to social welfare increases as irrigated agriculture's historic contribution declines. This chapter investigates how the doctrine thwarts reallocation that could occur through water markets, and how it could be more receptive. Key doctrinal barriers include exclusion of key market participants, incompletely specified water rights failing to account for hydrologic and legal impacts of water use, restrictions on water-right transferability to mitigate third-party impacts, and poor enforcement of water-right priorities by state judicial and administrative branches. Appropriative rights can be expanded to include nondiversional instream-flow uses, and more fully specified to include key parameters needed to monitor water use including agricultural water consumption. Specialized transfer mechanisms can limit the extent and duration of third-party impairment.
What Do We Learn from Call Provision Terms

I investigate the determinants of whether a fixed-price callable corporate bond is callable at par or at a premium. I first show that something as simple as the time-series ratio of par to premium-callable bonds is highly dependent on whether one is using SDC, FISD or Bloomberg as a data source. Using FISD, which has the most comprehensive coverage of no-investment grade debt, I find that par-callable bonds are almost exclusively utilized by financial issuers in shorter term and smaller debt offerings that are often shelf-registered. Controlling for those factors, I find that call premiums are chosen in ways that support agency theoretic, asymmetric information, and tax arbitrage models of optimal call premiums.
The Polybasic Region of the Polysialyltransferase ST8Sia-IV Binds Directly to the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule, NCAM.

Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique post-translational modification found on a small set of mammalian glycoproteins. Composed of long chains of α2,8-linked sialic acid, this large, negatively charged polymer attenuates protein and cell adhesion and modulates signaling mediated by its carriers and proteins that interact with these carriers. PolySia is crucial for the proper development of the nervous system and is upregulated during tissue regeneration and in highly invasive cancers. Our laboratory has previously shown that the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, has an acidic surface patch in its first fibronectin type III repeat (FN1) that is critical for the polysialylation of N-glycans on the adjacent immunoglobulin domain (Ig5). We have also identified a polysialyltransferase (polyST) polybasic region (PBR) that may mediate substrate recognition. However, a direct interaction between the NCAM FN1 acidic patch and the polyST PBR has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we have probed this interaction using...
Institutional Economics: The Dutch East India Company

The Dutch East India Company, founded in 1602, was one of the first companies in the world and became the largest company in the world in that period. This case offers an historical perspective on the development of economical and financial institutions, which were both critical to, and laid the foundations for, the development of capitalism. The case compares the economic, social, and governmental conditions of the Netherlands and of Spain at that time, and explains why the Netherlands was conducive to the development of these institutions, while Spain was not. The kinds of institutions needed for business to thrive are described. Economic development occurs when the interests of the government and society are aligned.
Abstract WP308: Changes in Depressive Symptoms From the Hospital Setting to Outpatient Clinic Among Ischemic Stroke Patients

Introduction: Depression is prevalent after ischemic stroke and is associated with increased morbidity. No studies have described subsequent changes in depressive symptoms detected during the acute...
The Dynamics of Streams of Matter

If one builds up a theory based on point particles interacting with fields, the particles cause singularities in the fields and lead to awkward mathematics. One is led to doubt whether the basis is really suitable for a description of nature. One can evade the difficulties by getting away from the point particle model. One can have instead a continuous stream of matter, each element of which interacts with the field. One can arrange for the field to act on each element of matter in the same way as it acts on a point particle, while each element of matter disturbs the field like a point particle would, but owing to the smoothing out coming from the continuous distribution there is no singularity in the field.
Supplementation with the Methyl Donor Betaine Prevents Congenital Defects Induced by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.

Background Despite decades of public education about dire consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure, drinking alcohol during pregnancy remains prevalent. As high as 40% of live-born infants exposed to alcohol during gestation and diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome have congenital heart defects that can be life-threatening. In animal models, the methyl donor betaine, found in foods such as wheat bran, quinoa, beets and spinach, ameliorated neurobehavioral deficits associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) but effects on heart development are unknown. Methods Previously we modeled a binge drinking episode during the first trimester in avian embryos. Here we investigated whether betaine could prevent adverse effects of alcohol on heart development. Embryos exposed to ethanol with and without an optimal dose of betaine (5 μM) were analyzed at late developmental stages. Cardiac morphology parameters were rapidly analyzed and quantified using optical coherence tomography. DNA methylation at early stages was detected by immunofluorescent staining for 5-methylcytosine in sections of embryos treated with ethanol or co-treated with betaine. Results Compared to ethanol-exposed embryos, betaine-supplemented embryos had higher late-stage survival rates and fewer gross head and body defects than seen after alcohol exposure alone. Betaine also reduced the incidence of late-stage cardiac defects such as absent vessels, abnormal atrio-ventricular (AV) valves, and hypertrophic ventricles. Furthermore, betaine co-treatment brought measurements of great vessel diameters, interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, and AV leaflet volumes in betaine-supplemented embryos close to control values. Early-stage 5-methycytosine staining revealed that DNA methylation levels were reduced by ethanol exposure and normalized by co-administration with betaine. Conclusions This is the first study demonstrating efficacy of the methyl donor betaine in alleviating cardiac defects associated with PAE. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of low-concentration betaine doses in mitigating PAE induced birth defects and has implications for prenatal nutrition policies, especially for women who may not be responsive to folate supplementation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Sunshine: Bright Over Decades

This paper analyses three cases over the history of North and South Korea’s formal relations to argue that despite Seoul’s official changes to its diplomatic policy towards Pyongyang, the core principles of the sunshine policy as articulated by Kim Dae-jung have been present throughout Seoul’s actions and rhetoric since the formal initialization of North-South relations in 1971.
The Aspiration of Red Cell Membrane into Small Holes: New Data

The aspiration of red cell membrane into small holes is a technique that has been widely used to measure membrane elastic moduli.
Multiple Cerebral Pseudoaneurysms and Hemorrhages: The Expanding Spectrum of Metastatic Cerebral Choriocarcinoma

Abstract Cerebral metastases occur in 10-20% of patients with choriocarcinoma. Although single oncotic and pseudoaneurysms have been reported, multiple pseudoaneurysms and hemorrhages are rare. A 33-year-old woman developed 10 intracerebral hemorrhages over a 30-day period. Angiogram showed multiple focal areas of delayed contrast washout in distal vessels. Autopsy revealed intravascular choriocarcinoma without true aneurysm formation. A diagnosis of choriocarcinoma should be considered for women of childbearing age presenting with cerebrovascular syndromes, especially those found to have cerebral aneurysm pseudoaneurysm and/or hemorrhage.
Editorial All Grown Up in 2019

The IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience thank its reviewers, editorial board members, and most importantly its authors and readers for their support in 2018 and wishes them all the best for 2019!
Developmental Heterogeneity in Social Support Among Juvenile Offenders: Relevance of Social Support Withdrawal for the Dulling of Maturational Decline in Offending:

Social support is a highly relevant predictor of offending. Despite this, little research has examined how this construct develops over time and how withdrawal of social support may result in “late...
Dataset: An Open Dataset and Collection Tool for BMS Point Labels

Semantic metadata standards for buildings such as Brick and Project Haystack show promise in enabling wide-scale deployment of energy-efficiency measures and advanced building management technologies. However, techniques for converting existing diverse and idiosyncratic forms of building metadata to these standard forms is an area of active research. To encourage and facilitate research into the development and evaluation of such techniques, we are releasing an open dataset of metadata pulled from real building management systems, containing attributes for 103,064 points over 92 buildings. In addition, we are releasing an open-source tool for scraping and cleaning metadata from building management systems (BMS) for contribution to the dataset.
The Brave New World after Obergefell

The common understanding of the function of law exemplified by the claim of the Casey court merely to “define the liberty of all obligation is to define the liberty of all, not to mandate our own moral code,” is false. From Plato onward, the ancients understood that law performs an irreducibly “philosophical” function, and contemporary progressive theorists have recognized this function under notions such as “channeling” and “establishment.” In consequence, contests of right in the legal and political sphere conceal and decide what are in reality contests of truth. It is in this light that this article examines the landmark Obergefell decision, the cases leading up to it, and its aftermath, arguing that what presents itself as a contest of rights is better understood as the codification of a new “technological” philosophy of human nature owing to the reduction of the human body to a machine in the theoretical sphere and the technological conquest of reproductive biology in the practical sphere. This alters the theoretical and historical context for understanding the significance of Obergefell, suggesting that the revolution in marriage and family law culminating in this landmark decision are most adequately understood not as the leading edge in the ever-forward march of liberation, but as the leading edge in the ever-forward march of biotechnology. Such a revolutionary decision, redefining the fundamental realities of human being and life, cannot but affect every area of public life. This essay will focus on two of these areas. First, the Court’s presumption to redefine human nature, marriage, and the family, marks its triumph over these realities. The article will consider the remarkable arrogation of power implicit in these decisions, the way that principles of equal protection and substantive due process are employed as a “principle of nihilism” to negate any limits placed on this power by an antecedent order of nature, and the ways the state will likely be called upon to exercise this power in the future. Secondly, this article will consider how the Court’s codification of a technological archetype of human nature, necessitates the further “biotechnologization” of marriage and family, making the state an agent in the advance of the “new eugenics” associated with assisted reproductive technologies and genetic science, and hastening the arrival of a biotechnical future.
Generalized Acquired Cutis Laxa Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Dermatological Significance

Background Cutis laxa is a rare dermatosis that is inherited or acquired and clinically features loose, wrinkled, and redundant skin with decreased elasticity. This heterogeneous connective tissue disorder may be localized or generalized, with or without internal manifestations. Generalized cutis laxa often has a cephalocaudal progression and is attributed to inflammatory cutaneous eruptions, medications, and infections. Cutis laxa is also associated with several other conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and plasma-cell dyscrasias. Case Presentation. We report an unusual case of a 35-year-old male with progression of generalized acquired cutis laxa and vasculitis that occurred over a period of one year. No cutaneous inflammatory eruption preceded or accompanied his decreased skin elasticity, and a biopsy of the skin showed elastolysis. His cutaneous manifestation led to systemic evaluation and an eventual diagnosis of smoldering multiple myeloma accompanied by aortitis and anemia. His myeloma and vasculitis were successfully treated with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone and high-dose prednisone, respectively, with no improvement to his cutis laxa. Conclusions The presence of monoclonal gammopathy is strongly associated with several dermatological entities such as acquired cutis laxa. We propose a new term for the dermatological manifestations caused by paraproteinemia: monoclonal gammopathy of dermatological significance, or MGODS, and stress the evaluation of an underlying gammopathy in the setting of certain dermatologic conditions, including scleromyxedema and amyloidosis. We present a case of a newly acquired cutis laxa secondary to plasma-cell dyscrasias that exemplifies MGODS, alongside a brief literature review, and underscore the clinical relevance of monoclonal gammopathies of dermatological significance.
Comparison of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression Levels in Human Salivary Glands to Non-Human Primates and Rodents

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has emerged as a promising target for developing radionuclide therapy (RNT) in prostate cancer; however, accumulation of PSMA-RNT in salivary g...
A Multi-Modal Approach for Gender-Based Violence Detection

The impact of living in an unhealthy and unsafe environment leads to perpetuated aggressive and violent behavior. Many organizations have conducted research to identify that violence against women is a deep-rooted issue and has existed for many years. Institutions and women-led groups have gathered to provide assistance and governments have done a lot to least to support the cause. But the severity of this social pandemic is still unresolved across the globe. Research shows that contact with nature reduces the incidence of aggression and violence within family members in a household. Research also shows that air pollution and aggressive behavior are correlated. This paper provides a multi-modal approach to measure Gender-Based Violence Index (GBVI) by detecting the coverage of green canopies using satellite imagery in addition to sensing the level of atmospheric pollution to calculate violence occurrences before they even happen in a given neighborhood. To support the identification process, computer vision technique will be applied to satellite imagery to measure and map out the Vegetation Index (VI) on a scale of 0–100 in a neighborhood along with using air pollution sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) to detect the level of intoxicants that aggravate the cause of violence against women. The result of this approach is promising for organizations like the United Nations, World Health Organization, and government bodies to create rapid response efforts in the interest of women rights, humanitarians, and security communities.
Concurrent Aspirin Use Is Associated with Improved Outcome in Rectal Cancer Patients Who Undergo Chemoradiation Therapy

Background: The benefit of aspirin in rectal cancer during chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and the factors affecting its efficacy are not well characterized. We compared the outcomes of rectal patients undergoing neoadjuvant CRT based on aspirin use. Methods: Patients undergoing CRT for rectal cancer from 2010 to 2018 were evaluated. Aspirin use was determined by medication list prior to treatment. RNA sequencing and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis was performed on surgically resected specimens. Results: 147 patients underwent neoadjuvant CRT with a median follow-up of 38.2 months. Forty-two patients were taking aspirin prior to CRT. Aspirin users had significantly less local and distant progression, and improved progression-free and overall survival. On RNA-sequencing, neither PI3KCA nor KRAS mutational status were associated with the benefit of aspirin use or tumor downstaging. PTGS2/COX2 expression trended lower in aspirin users, but not with tumor response. Aspirin use was associated with increases of M1 macrophages, plasma cells, CD8+ T cells, and reduction of M2 macrophages in the resected tumor. Conclusions: Concurrent aspirin use during neoadjuvant CRT was associated with improved local and distant tumor control leading to significantly improved survival. Neither mutations in KRAS or PI3CKA, nor the levels of COX-2 expression at the time of resection of the residual tumor were predictive of these aspirin benefits.
Gripping strategies employed by young children aged 3-5 years when interacting with child-resistant push and turn closures used by pharmacies in the United States.

Abstract Archived video footage from a previous task analysis study where children attempted to open prescription vials outfitted with 42 mm (diameter) push and turn closures was reviewed and grip postures were characterized based on a grip taxonomy presented by Rowson & Yoxall which investigated adult grips (2011). Video review was conducted to identify the types of grip postures children aged 3–5 years utilized when attempting to open continuous thread polypropylene vials outfitted with push and turn, child-resistant closures and compared with grip postures identified with the adults. Children tended to utilize only 3 grip postures (spherical, cylindrical, and pronated cylindrical grips), while adults utilized seven different postures. If children utilize a more limited set of grip postures when opening child resistant closures than their adult counterparts, this difference could be exploited when designing child resistant packaging systems. That said, our study utilized a limited number of CRC designs and confounds existed between the package sizes the children in the archived video footage attempted to open and those that served as the point of comparison which identified grip postures utilized by adults. As such, further investigation is needed across a range of package diameters. Potential implications for child-resistant packaging design are discussed.
Chordoma—Current Understanding and Modern Treatment Paradigms

Chordoma is a low-grade notochordal tumor of the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum which behaves malignantly and confers a poor prognosis despite indolent growth patterns. These tumors often present late in the disease course, tend to encapsulate adjacent neurovascular anatomy, seed resection cavities, recur locally and respond poorly to radiotherapy and conventional chemotherapy, all of which make chordomas challenging to treat. Extent of surgical resection and adequacy of surgical margins are the most important prognostic factors and thus patients with chordoma should be cared for by a highly experienced, multi-disciplinary surgical team in a quaternary center. Ongoing research into the molecular pathophysiology of chordoma has led to the discovery of several pathways that may serve as potential targets for molecular therapy, including a multitude of receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., platelet-derived growth factor receptor [PDGFR], epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]), downstream cascades (e.g., phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K]/protein kinase B [Akt]/mechanistic target of rapamycin [mTOR]), brachyury—a transcription factor expressed ubiquitously in chordoma but not in other tissues—and the fibroblast growth factor [FGF]/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase [MEK]/extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] pathway. In this review article, the pathophysiology, diagnosis and modern treatment paradigms of chordoma will be discussed with an emphasis on the ongoing research and advances in the field that may lead to improved outcomes for patients with this challenging disease.
Improving Delivery Behaviors During Exposure Therapy: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Training Trial with Community Therapists

This study tested whether a new training tool, the Exposure Guide (EG), improved in-session therapist behaviors that have been associated with youth outcomes in prior clinical trials of exposure th...
Prevalence and experiences of Wisconsin women turned away from Catholic settings without receiving reproductive care.

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate prevalence of being turned away from a Catholic healthcare setting without receiving desired reproductive care among Wisconsin women and to document firsthand accounts of these experiences. Study design Between October 2019 and April 2020, we fielded a two-stage survey to Wisconsin women aged 18-45, oversampling rural census tracts and rural counties served by Catholic sole community hospitals. We present prevalence of ever being turned away from a Catholic hospital or clinic without receiving desired contraceptive or fertility care and document accounts of referrals, perceived barriers, and wait times to acquire services elsewhere. Results The screener response rate was 37.6% (N = 828) and the survey response rate was 83.4% (N = 675). While only 23 (2.0%) of Wisconsin women had ever been turned away from a Catholic hospital or clinic without receiving desired contraceptive or fertility care (95% confidence interval: 1.2%-3.5%), these experiences were more common among women in counties served by Catholic sole community hospitals (n = 9, 8.1% [4.0%-15.6%]) compared to women in other rural census tracts (n = 6, 2.8% [1.3%-6.2%]) and urban census tracts (n = 8, 1.5% [0.7%-3.2%]). Sixteen (69.6%) cited religious restrictions as a barrier to accessing care. Some women – especially those denied tubal ligation – experienced long delays in acquiring time-sensitive care elsewhere. Conclusions About 1-in-12 women in Wisconsin rural counties served by Catholic sole community hospitals reported ever being turned away from a Catholic healthcare setting without receiving desired reproductive care. After tubal ligation denials in Catholic facilities, many women faced long wait times to receive care elsewhere. Implications Wisconsin women in rural counties served by Catholic sole community hospitals were about three times more likely than urban women to have ever been turned away from a Catholic facility. As Catholic healthcare expands nationally, it will be increasingly important to better understand how healthcare prohibitions influence patients’ lives.
Diagnostic and Physical Effects in Parasympathetic Response to Social Evaluation in Youth With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate atypical autonomic (ANS) responses; however, research remains inconsistent. This study examined parasympathetic response during social evaluation in 241 youth (10–13 years) with ASD (n = 138) or typical development (TD; n = 103). Diagnosis, age, pubertal development, and body mass index (BMI) were hypothesized to be associated with ANS function. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated lower RSA in ASD relative to TD in a base model with no covariates. However, when accounting for differences in BMI, there was no evidence of atypical parasympathetic regulation in youth with ASD. As lower parasympathetic regulation may increase susceptibility for a number of conditions, it will be important to elucidate the link between BMI and the ANS, especially in ASD.
Technology delivered self-monitoring application to promote successful inclusion of an elementary student with autism

ABSTRACTThe ever-increasing prevalence of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is paralleled in public educational settings, including general education classrooms. Challenges with social/behavioral functioning, including limited self-management and behavior inhibition, can lead to off-task and disruptive behaviors that interfere with acquisition of academic and social skills. Without effective and efficient interventions, opportunities to participate in inclusive settings will likely be reduced. Self-monitoring (SM) is an intervention with strong evidence for increasing prosocial behaviors and decreasing challenging behaviors for students with ASD in educational settings, although the cuing mechanisms (e.g., timers, stopwatch) and tracking materials (e.g., paper, pencil) can be cumbersome and obtrusive. I-Connect is an SM application that allows for customizable prompts, recording, and data monitoring. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, utilizing an ABAB design, the functional r...
Emerging Imaging Tools for Interventional Pain

The introduction of image guidance for precise targeting of anatomical structures, accurate reproduction of successful procedures, and storage of a procedural record was an important step forward for modern pain medicine. The earliest approaches to procedures in pain medicine were often hampered by the limitations of the sightless, surface landmark-driven “art of medicine.” Imaging levels the playing field, as it were, by allowing all physicians to see exactly what was done. Obviously, the ability to review critical images as part of a quality management process might improve medical outcomes. However, as for many advances, there are concerns that imaging could be used by government payers, insurers, or others to restrict one’s ability to participate in procedural care or receive remuneration for the procedure if the stored image does not meet specific standards.
A partial-coalescence model for colliding interstellar clouds.

Previous statistical models for the mass distribution of interstellar clouds have assumed that two colliding clouds will coalesce to form one cloud, while the physical conditions are such as to indicate that fragmentation of the colliding clouds will occur, with three clouds forming in the collision process. In contrast to the complete-coalescence model, the partial-coalescence model considered here gives a much lower number of large-mass clouds, but gives a somewhat higher number of intermediate-mass clouds. The deficiency of large-mass clouds can also be seen in the observational data on interstellar-cloud masses.
Prioritized traffic recovery over GMPLS networks

The paper proposes a prioritized traffic recovery model for generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) networks. The network traffic is differentiated into four classes, with the highest prioritized class achieving dedicated protection, the second prioritized class obtaining shared restoration, the third prioritized class attaining on-line restoration, and no recovery for the lowest prioritized class. The QoS performance of such a model is evaluated by extensive simulations. The results show that delay sensitive traffic receives the fastest recovery service, throughput sensitive traffic with light load takes a longer recovery time, and the throughput sensitive traffic with heavy load experiences the lowest recovery service
Relationship between the limited and wide host range octopine-type Ti plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Abstract The relationship between the limited host range octopine Ti plasmids and the wide host range octopine Ti plasmids pTiB6806 and pTiA6 was studied. The limited host range Ti plasmids shared extensive deoxyribonucleic acid homology; pTiAg63 and pTiAg162 were essentially completely homologous with pTiAg158 while pTiAg57 shared approximately 64% homology with pTiAg158. In contrast, the limited host range octopine Ti plasmids only shared 6 to 15% homology with the wide host range octopine Ti plasmid pTiB6806. Thus, limited and wide host range octopine Ti plasmids comprise distinct families of plasmids. The deoxyribonucleic acid homology shared between the limited host range Ti plasmids and pTiB6806, however, was distributed over some 50% of pTiB6806, suggesting that both families of plasmids evolved from a common progenitor plasmid. The limited host range Ti plasmids showed relatively strong homology with pTiB6806 HpaI fragment 7, a region which codes for octopine utilization by the bacterium, but showed only weak homology with pTiB6806 HpaI fragment 12, a region required for virulence. In addition, homology between the limited host range octopine Ti plasmids and the "common deoxyribonucleic acid," sequences shown to have a central role in plant cell transformation, was barely detectable when stringent hybridization conditions were used. We therefore conclude that a highly conserved version of the common deoxyribonucleic acid is not required for crown gall tumorigenesis on all plant species.
Research highlights: visible light driven photocatalysis and photoluminescence and their applications in water treatment

Photocatalysis holds great promise for sustainable water treatment due to the generation of reactive radicals for efficient contaminant removal, minimized chemicals consumption, and the utilization of renewable, inexhaustible solar energy (DOI: 10.1021/cr00033a004, DOI: 10.1021/cr00018a003). The most widely used photocatalyst for water treatment, titanium dioxide (TiO2), requires UV excitation. However, UV only accounts for 4% of solar energy, and the dependence of current photocatalysts on UV compromises the efficiency and feasibility of solar powered water treatment. Disinfection, an important water treatment process for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, also requires UV radiation with a wavelength of 250–260 nm. Therefore, the development of novel photocatalysts, and photophysical and photochemical processes for the use of optical radiation with a longer wavelength, such as visible light that accounts for 40% of solar energy, would present a major breakthrough for solar powered water treatment. A unique photoluminescence process, upconversion, has recently drawn attention for its ability to convert low energy photons (e.g., visible light) into high energy photons (e.g., UV light) for antimicrobial purposes (DOI: 10.1021/es200196c, DOI: 10.1021/es405229p). In this research highlight, we discuss three innovative materials used in photocatalysis and photoluminescence for water treatment applications, including graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), red phosphorus, and upconversion phosphors (Y2SiO5 doped with Pr and Li).
A Marginal-Predictive Approach to Identifying Household Parameters

Estimation of household parameters in scanner panel data requires the introduction of prior information. Traditionally, prior information is incorporated by restricting parameters to be constant across households or by specifying a random coefficient distribution. An alternative solution is to incorporate stochastic prior information in a formal Bayesian approach. In standard Bayesian analysis, a prior distribution over the model parameters is specified and combined with the household likelihood to obtain the Bayes estimates. The construction of the prior distribution over model parameters may be difficult, especially when working with new models whose parameters are difficult to interpret. In this paper, we propose a solution which specifies prior information through the marginal distribution of the data, i.e., the outcomes. We evaluate this marginal-predictive approach, using both actual and simulated panel data, and show it to be highly accurate relative to other available alternatives.