cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation on the Unsteady Heat Transfer Process over an Ice Accreting NACA 0012 Airfoil

The in-flight ice formation and accretion are highly dependent on weather conditions that essentially affect the heat transfer capability. When the temperature is sufficiently cold, the heat transfer is adequate to remove all of the latent heat from the collected water. The rate of rime ice accretion is controlled by the droplet collection efficiency. Otherwise, when the heat transfer is inadequate to remove all of the latent heat in collected water, the rate of glaze ice accretion is essentially controlled by the local convective heat transfer, which determines the amount of latent heat removal from the collected water. To better understand the physical details during an ice accretion process, time resolved heat transfer information is important and strongly desired. In this study, a methodology based on infrared thermography was developed to achieve nonintrusive measurements of unsteady heat transfer process over an ice accreting NACA 0012 airfoil. Comprehensive 2-D surface temperature distribution measurements under various icing conditions (e.g. air temperature, liquid water content, and wind speed) were performed in an icing wind tunnel. A heat balance model was formulated based on the current measurement model. The dynamic surface temperature distribution variations were characterized based on the measurements. The temperature variation history at different chordwise positions during ice accretion process was fully recorded and illustrated. Based on the temperature variation history along the airfoil surface, the heat transfer evolution in chordwise direction was evaluated. Finally, The effects of the liquid water content on the heat transfer process were elucidated based on the measurement results.
A Perspective on the New American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

The recently published American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiovascular risk assessment provide equations to estimate the 10-year and lifetime atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in African Americans and non-Hispanic whites, include stroke as an adverse cardiovascular outcome, and emphasize shared decision making. The guidelines provide a valuable framework that can be adapted on the basis of clinical judgment and individual/institutional expertise. In this review, we provide a perspective on the new guidelines, highlighting what is new, what is controversial, and potential adaptations. We recommend obtaining family history of ASCVD at the time of estimating ASCVD risk and consideration of imaging to assess subclinical disease burden in patients at intermediate risk. In addition to the adjuncts for ASCVD risk estimation recommended in the guidelines, measures that may be useful in refining risk estimates include carotid ultrasonography, aortic pulse wave velocity, and serum lipoprotein(a) levels. Finally, we stress the need for research efforts to improve assessment of ASCVD risk given the suboptimal performance of available risk algorithms and suggest potential future directions in this regard.
Enhancement of 6-thioguanine cytotoxic activity with methotrexate.

Abstract Studies were completed to characterize the cytotoxic and biochemical interaction of methotrexate (MTX) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG). Pretreatment of L1210 leukemia cells for 3 hr with MTX substantially enhanced the cytotoxicity of 6-TG. The LD90 of 6-TG in cells pretreated with 1μM MTX was 0.9pM, compared to an LD90 of 800 pM when the two drugs were given concurrently and an LD90 of 30 pM resulted with 6-TG alone. HPLC analysis of intracellular metabolites demonstrated an increased conversion of 6-TG to 6-TG-nucleotides in cells pretreated with MTX. A marked enhancement of 6-TG incorporation into RNA also was noted (MTX→6-TG: 350 fmol/μg RNA vs 6-TG: 98 fmol/μg RNA). However, there was a suppression of 6-TG incorporation into DNA when cells were pretreated with MTX (MTX→6-TG: 170 fmol/μg DNA vs 6-TG: 690 fmol/μg DNA). These results suggest that: 1) an enhancement of 6-TG antileukemic activity can be obtained with MTX pretreatment, and 2) the enhancement of 6-TG cytotoxicity following MTX exposure is not associated with 6-TG incorporation into DNA, but rather with incorporation of 6-TG into RNA. This drug sequence may be beneficial in the clinical treatment of leukemia.
Toward a quantitative evaluation of Lewis acid strength. A 13CNMR study of the interaction of boron trifluoride with diethyl ether1Dedicated to the memory of Russell S. Drago.1

Abstract The rate of exchange between boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and free diethyl ether can be conveniently measured by 13 C dynamic NMR spectroscopy (DNMR) between 25°C and −50°C in dichloromethane solution. The same rates and activation parameters are found by the line shape analysis of either the methyl or the methylene group. The rates do not vary with the ratio of free ether to complex between 0.61 and 2.4, indicating a rate-determining unimolecular decomposition of the latter. The literature claim of a bimolecular mechanism for the ether exchange is thus found to be incorrect. An enthalpy of activation (ΔH‡) of 9.7 kcal/mol was calculated for this decomposition. This value is a good measure of the strength of interaction of BF3 with diethyl ether, because the recombination to form the complex (2) should have a very low energy barrier, and it is close to the ΔH° value of 10.9 kcal/mol determined by Brown and Adams for the decomposition of 2 to gaseous diethyl ether and BF3. The 13 C DNMR method can be applied in principle to the interaction of ether with other Lewis acids, thus providing a method for comparison of Lewis acid strengths.
The Genus Arnoldiola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Nearctic Region, with New Synonymies And Combinations

Abstract Six nominal species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) originally assigned to four separate genera and recognized here as three valid species are transferred to Arnoldiola Strand. They are as follows: Arnoldiola azaleae (Felt 1907a), new combination (from Oligotrophus Latreille); Arnoldiola caudata (Felt 1915), new combination (from Phytophaga Rondani) and new synonym of A. azaleae; Arnoldiola brevicornis (Felt 1907a), new combination (from Janetiella Kieffer); Arnoldiola tiliacei (Felt 1907a), new combination (from Janetiella) and new synonym of A. brevicornis; Arnoldiola castaneae (Felt 1909), new combination (from Rhopalomyia Rubsaamen); and Arnoldiola ligni (Felt 1915), new combination (from Janetiella) and new synonym of A. castaneae. Diagnostic characters of the genus are outlined, and the newly combined species are described with some characters illustrated.
Music Perception in Children With Cochlear Implants

Abstract As a result of the widespread use of cochlear implants, individuals with profound hearing loss now are able to hear sounds ranging from a syllable to a symphony. This form of “electric hea...
Image smoothing at video rates with analog VLSI

A subthreshold CMOS analog VLSI chip that, with a minimum of supporting circuitry, can smooth an image formed from a conventional video signal at the video frame rate is described. The chip was fabricated with 2- mu m CMOS design rules, is approximately 5 mm by 7 mm in size, and contains a 46-by-47-node hexagonal resistive grid, sample-and-hold circuitry, and switching circuitry. Experimental performance results are reported. >
Single Cell Analysis: From Technology to Biology and Medicine

Single-cell analysis heralds a new era that allows “omics” analysis, notably genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics and proteomics at the single-cell level. It enables the identification of minor subpopulation of cells that may play a critical role in a biological process. It provides an ultra-sensitive tool to clarify specific molecular mechanisms and pathways and reveal the nature of cell heterogeneity. It also facilitates the clinical investigation of patients when rare or single cells are available for analysis, such as noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and genetic screening for in vitro fertilization. Within a few short years, single-cell analysis, especially whole genomic sequencing and transcriptomic sequencing, is becoming robust and broadly accessible, although not yet a routine practice. Here, with single cell RNA-seq emphasized, an overview of the discipline, progresses, and prospects of single-cell analysis and its applications in biology and medicine are given.
Vibrational spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin mutants: I. Tyrosine-185 protonates and deprotonates during the photocycle.

The techniques of FTIR difference spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis have been combined to investigate the role of individual tyrosine side chains in the proton-pumping mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin (bR). For each of the 11 possible bR mutants containing a single Tyr----Phe substitution, difference spectra have been obtained for the bR----K and bR----M photoreactions. Only the Tyr-185----Phe mutation results in the disappearance of a set of bands that were previously shown to be due to the protonation of a tyrosinate during the bR----K photoreaction [Rothschild et al.: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83:347, (1986]). The Tyr-185----Phe mutation also eliminates a set of bands in the bR----M difference spectrum associated with deprotonation of a Tyr; most of these bands (e.g., positive 1272-cm-1 peak) are completely unaffected by the other ten Tyr----Phe mutations. Thus, tyrosinate-185 gains a proton during the bR----K reaction and loses it again when M is formed. Our FTIR spectra also provide evidence that Tyr-185 interacts with the protonated Schiff base linkage of the retinal chromophore, since the negative C = NH+ stretch band shifts from 1640 cm-1 in the wild type to 1636 cm-1 in the Tyr-185----Phe mutant. A model that is consistent with these results is that Tyr-185 is normally ionized and serves as a counter-ion to the protonated Schiff base. The primary photoisomerization of the chromophore translocates the Schiff base away from Tyr-185, which raises the pKa of the latter group and results in its protonation.
Stress-Strain-Strength Behavior of Lime-Stabilized Soils during Accelerated Curing

AbstractGiven the schedule pressure of lime-stabilized soil construction, many agencies specify the use of elevated temperature (e.g., 41°C), shorter duration (e.g., 5–7 days) accelerated specimen curing for unconfined compressive strength (qu) testing and acceptance as a proxy for qu of specimens normally cured under 28-day 23°C conditions. Moreover, lime and highway transportation industry associations prescribe a unique accelerated curing regime for all lime-stabilized soils (7-day, 41°C). This paper presents the results from a laboratory investigation of stress-strain-strength development of four lime-stabilized soils under 2–8 day 41°C accelerated curing and the 0–28 day 23°C normal curing regime. Specimens cured at 41°C reached qu values equivalent to 28-day 23°C qu after 1.8–5.9 days. Accordingly, 7-day 41°C curing overestimates 28-day normal cure qu by 13–260%. When combined with a detailed analysis of data available in the literature, the results illustrate that the prescription of a unique equiv...
Exploring the Gender Gap Women, Men and Public Attitudes toward European Integration

We attempt to further the `normal' study of public opinion in the European Union (EU) by examining the relationship of gender to attitudes toward integration. Using Eurobarometer 42 we demonstrate that a modest gender gap exists, with women being less enthusiastic about the EU than men. We then construct a model to explain male and female attitudes using measures of political distance, women's values, ideology, economic vulnerability and national tradition. Women's attitudes are more sensitive to knowledge about the EU and to economic pessimism than men's, while men's attitudes are determined more by interest in politics, traditionalist values, ideology, and working-class status. We conclude by analyzing interesting differences that emerge when respondents are grouped by `type of welfare state'.
Do Accounting Standards Matter for Firm Productivity? Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption

In this paper, we examine whether productivity improves after mandatory IFRS adoption. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure firm-level productivity, we show that production efficiency of mandatory IFRS adopters increases significantly after mandatory adoption of IFRS. The post-adoption production efficiency improves more for firms located in countries with large GAAP differences, firms exhibiting a decrease in stock return volatility and analyst forecast dispersion, and firms experiencing a large increase in the number of comparable industry peers. Taken together, the evidence suggests that firms with significant improvements in information environment from mandatory IFRS adoption are able to increase productivity substantially.
Oil-Water Partitioning of Chlorpromazine and Other Phenothiazine Derivatives Using Dodecane and n-Octanol

The apparent partition coefficients of chlorpromazine and some other phenothiazine derivatives in dodecane-water and n-octanol-water systems were measured at 30°. Results in the dodecane system at various pH values demonstrated that only the free base form partitions. Intrinsic partition coefficients for all derivatives, except the very polar metabolite chlorpromazine sulfoxide, range from 104 to 105, indicating the remarkable hydrophobicity of these molecules. Partitioning measurements in n-octanol indicate significant extraction of these drugs as ion-pairs, as well as higher intrinsic partition coefficients than in dodecane. Measurement of partitioning at various salt concentrations, utilizing different anions, allowed the calculation of extraction constants. Correlations between intrinsic partition coefficients in dodecane and extraction constants in n-octanol are presented. From these studies, it is clear that quantitative studies involving the pheno-thiazines in heterogeneous systems such as membranes must consider their extreme hydrophobicity and the various factors that influence such behavior.
Prostaglandin receptor EP2 is responsible for cyclooxygenase-2 induction by prostaglandin E2 in mouse skin

The EP2 prostanoid receptor is one of the four subtypes of receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We previously reported that deletion of EP2 led to resistance to chemically induced mouse skin carcinogenesis, whereas overexpression of EP2 resulted in enhanced tumor development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that EP2 knockout mice had reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression after 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Further, primary keratinocytes from EP2 transgenic mice had increased COX-2 expression after either TPA or PGE2 treatment and COX-2 expression was blocked by 10 microM SQ 22,536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. EP2 knockout mice had significantly decreased, whereas EP2 transgenic mice had significantly increased PGE2 production in response to a single treatment of TPA. Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation was elevated to a greater extent in keratinocytes from EP2 transgenic mice compared with those of WT mice following PGE2 treatment. A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor reduced PGE2-mediated CREB phosphorylation in keratinocytes from EP2 transgenic mice. Furthermore, we found that there was no CREB phosphorylation in EP2 knockout mice following PGE2 treatment. PGE2-induced DNA synthesis (cell proliferation) was significantly decreased in keratinocytes from EP2 knockout mice following pretreatment with 10 microM SQ 22,536. Taken together, EP2 activation of the PKA/CREB-signaling pathway is responsible for keratinocyte proliferation and our findings reveal a positive feedback loop between COX-2 and PGE2 that is mediated by the EP2 receptor.
Fluxo: a system for internet service programming by non-expert developers

Over the last 10-15 years, our industry has developed and deployed many large-scale Internet services, from e-commerce to social networking sites, all facing common challenges in latency, reliability, and scalability. Over time, a relatively small number of architectural patterns have emerged to address these challenges, such as tiering, caching, partitioning, and pre- or post-processing compute intensive tasks. Unfortunately, following these patterns requires developers to have a deep understanding of the trade-offs involved in these patterns as well as an end-to-end understanding of their own system and its expected workloads. The result is that non-expert developers have a hard time applying these patterns in their code, leading to low-performing, highly suboptimal applications.In this paper, we propose FLUXO, a system that separates an Internet service's logical functionality from the architectural decisions made to support performance, scalability, and reliability. FLUXO achieves this separation through the use of a restricted programming language designed 1) to limit a developer's ability to write programs that are incompatible with widely used Internet service architectural patterns; and 2) to simplify the analysis needed to identify how architectural patterns should be applied to programs. Because architectural patterns are often highly dependent on application performance, workloads and data distributions, our platform captures such data as a runtime profile of the application and makes it available for use when determining how to apply architectural patterns. This separation makes service development accessible to non-experts by allowing them to focus on application features and leaving complicated architectural optimizations to experts writing application-agnostic, profile-guided optimization tools.To evaluate FLUXO, we show how a variety of architectural patterns can be expressed as transformations applied to FLUXO programs. Even simple heuristics for automatically applying these optimizations can show reductions in latency ranging from 20-90% without requiring special effort from the application developer. We also demonstrate how a simple shared-nothing tiering and replication pattern is able to scale our test suite, a web-based IM, email, and addressbook application.
Concomitant cannabis abuse/dependence in patients treated with opioids for non-cancer pain.

Background and Objectives Cannabis use is common among patients taking prescription opioids, although rates of concomitant cannabis use disorder (CUD) have been largely unexamined. CUD may increase safety risks in those taking opioid pain medications but it is unknown whether cannabis and opioids function as substitutes (cannabis use is associated with less prescription opioid use), or rather as complements (cannabis is associated with increased use of prescription opioids). Methods We examined rates of CUD in a national sample of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients (n = 1,316,464) with non-cancer pain diagnoses receiving opioid medications in fiscal year 2012. Using bivariate analysis to identify potentially confounding variables associated with CUD (eg, psychotropic medication, other substance use disorders) in this population, we then utilized logistic regression to examine rates of cannabis use disorder among individuals receiving different numbers of opioid prescriptions (0, 1–2, 3–10, 11–19, 20+). Results Descriptive analysis, largely confirmed by logistic regression, demonstrated that greater numbers of prescription opioid fills were associated with greater likelihood of CUD. This relationship was reduced somewhat for those receiving the most opioid prescriptions (20+) in the logistic regression, which controlled for potentially confounding variables. Discussion and Conclusions These results warrant increased attention to CUDs among patients receiving numerous opioid prescriptions. Increasing legalization of cannabis is likely to further increase use and abuse of cannabis in patients prescribed opioids. Scientific Significance These findings suggest that clinicians should be alert to concomitant CUD and prescription opioid use, as these substances appear to complement each other. (Am J Addict 2015;24:538–545)
Response of building systems with suspended floor slabs under dynamic excitations

Abstract Achieving a sustainable built environment that is less vulnerable to seismic hazard has been placed on the forefront of research pertaining to structure performance under earthquake loading. This resulted in a recent shift in the philosophy outlining structural performance during large magnitude earthquakes from preventing collapse to providing highly resilient structures that are easier to repair after a major event. The change in performance philosophy requires the development of new and innovative structural systems that are capable of performing as desired. Research and development of such structural systems has been gaining attention in recent years and have shown significant potential. This study extends previously conducted research on suspended structural systems and floor isolation systems by introducing the analytical solution of buildings with suspended floor slabs with replaceable energy dissipation elements are numerically analyzed under dynamic excitations. The proposed systems comprise of a steel frame with floor slabs suspended from the beams using steel cables. There are two models considered in this study, first in which the slabs are suspended using fixed hooks attached to the beams, thereby coupling the motion of the slab to its immediate neighbor bottom and top floor. In the second model, the slabs are suspended from the beams using rollers such that the motion of the slab is only coupled to the floor immediately below it. Controlled energy dissipation in the structure is realized through the use of steel links that are installed between the bottom face of the suspended slab and the floor beam underneath the slab. The orientation and quantity of the steel links as well as the slab to be suspended in a typical frame is determined such that an optimal performance of the system is achieved. Suspending selected floor slabs and tuning the links for energy dissipation can significantly reduce the damage to the main structural frame and nonstructural components of the system, in addition to reduction in floor response. Moreover, post-tensioned cables are installed adjacent to the links to provide self-centering capability to the slab and reduce its residual drift. The optimal performance of the two models is evaluated for various size frames and found to out-perform a conventional frame in case of large structures. The study concludes with a few important design implications regarding the proposed system.
Egg Load Dynamics of Homalodisca vitripennis

Homalodisca vitripennis, the glassy-winged sharpshooter, poses a serious threat to grape production because of its ability to vector Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease. The glassy-winged sharpshooter is native to the southeastern United States, and over the last 20 yr has expanded its range into Texas and California and more distantly into French Polynesia. A better understanding of the reproductive dynamics of H. vitripennis will aid in assessment of the invasiveness of this insect and may aid in refinement of control strategies. First, females of known age were dissected to determine egg maturation schedules. Females did not produce mature eggs until at least 1 wk after adult emergence. Oviposition reduced the number of mature eggs carried by females, suggesting a continuous cycle of egg deposition followed by egg maturation where females may experience transient egg limitation. Second, males and females were monitored over their entire lifetimes to determine longevity and fecundity. Males and females were long lived with an average lifespan of 4 mo. Females displayed one of three temporal patterns of oviposition: (1) no oviposition, (2) oviposition began 40 d after emergence. In general, oviposition was independent of female age. Finally, egg maturation rates of field-collected females were determined. Egg maturation rates varied with time of year and maximum egg maturation rates coincided with periods when oviposition was expected to be high. The highest egg maturation rate observed was five eggs per female per day.
Civic Monuments and the Augustales in Roman Italy

Part I. Representation in the Funerary Realm: 1. VIVIR AVG IDEM QQ: text, image, and context 2. Ob honorem bisellii: the grammar of representation Part II. Augustales in Their Meeting Places: 3. Templum Augusti quod est Augustalium: municipal and private Augustea 4. Curia Augustiana: civic standing and the Collegio degli Augustali at Herculaneum 5. Res communis Augustalium: group identity in the Sacello degli Augustali at Misenum XXX 6. Ob Eximiam Benivolentiam: donors and Augustales in second-century Misenum Part III. Monuments in Public: 7. In statuas ponendas: sculpting a public persona 8. In vias sternendas: paving your way in the Roman town Conclusions.
Toward a Sense of Immortality

During the decade of the 1970s we witnessed a revolution in sex roles and family patterns in the United States and western Europe. Whereas, in previous eras, the locus of social change had been the church or factory, during the 1970s it was closer to home—indeed, within the very heart of the family itself. So many changes took place in such a short period of time, in fact, that it is difficult to list them all. Of primary importance was the increasing participation of women in education and work outside the home (Hoffman, 1977). Of equal and related significance was the transformation in attitudes and behavior in the area of reproduction. For example, there was a tendency in the 1970s for women to begin childbearing at a later age than in the 1960s (United States Bureau of the Census, 1981). Fewer children were born per family and birth rates reached their lowest points during that decade (National Center for Health Statistics, 1981). The children that were born were spaced more closely together, so that women would ultimately spend a smaller portion of their lives as childbearers or childrearers. Consistent with these trends there was an unprecedented increase in the rate of voluntary childlessness—the proportion of women of childbearing age who remained childless out of choice, rather than because of infertility (United States Bureau of the Census, 1981). Large-scale surveys and census data for that period suggested to some researchers that the proportion of women choosing to remain childless would be as high as 30% by the year 2000 (Westoff, 1978).
Human Factors Data: Knowledge Sources for Intelligent Design Associates

A number of human factors data sources provide guidelines and recommendations for the system design process. Much of this information is available to the human factors engineer in design handbooks, textbooks, and periodicals. This paper will discuss the feasibility of incorporating human factors design data into intelligent, knowledge based systems referred to as design associates. Results of recent efforts to implement two types of design associates are also discussed.
Investigation on the Pollution of Aquatic Products in Shenzhen from 2006 to 2008

Objective To monitor and analyze the hygienic status of aquatic products in Shenzhen in order to understand the pollution of aquatic products. Method 331 aquatic samples including fish,shellfish and other aquatic products were collected by random from restaurants,fairs and supermarkets in Shenzhen from 2006 to 2008. Hygienic evaluation was based on the results of testing items including heavy metals,pesticides,pathogenic bacteria,clonorchis sinensis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus etc. Results The pollution rates of aquatic products were 8. 62% ,3. 09% and 20. 19% in 2006,2007 and 2008 respectively. The main pollutant items were vibrioparahaemolyticus,lead and nitrite,and the qualified rates of main polluted fish breeds were 28. 13% in grass carp,25. 93% in freshwater grouper. The contents of shellfish toxin were not exceeded the standards in 7 samples. The pollution rates of clonorchis sinensis were high,20. 00% in grass carp, 17. 14% in tilapia and 12% in crucian. Conclusion The hygienic inspection and guidance for cultivating,marketing and consuming aquatic products should be enhanced. In order to ensure the food safety for consumers,reducing the intake of raw or undercooked aquatic products is necessary.
Previewing as a Principle for Intervention

As discussed in the preceding chapter, previewing may represent one of the most dynamic aspects of the caregiver-infant relationship. Now that the concept has been defined, it is relatively easy to begin identifying instances of previewing-or the lack thereof-in virtually any dyad that is observed. Indeed, because previewing behavior is such an omnipresent factor in the interaction between caregiver and infant, it is a valuable instrument for diagnosing both adaptive and maladaptive aspects of the relationship. Beyond this diagnostic benefit, previewing may also be used as an innovative treatment technique for modifying the dyadic exchange in a fashion that promotes the infant’s maturation, while enhancing the intimacy between mother and infant.
A Death in the Family: Disability Activism, Mourning, and Diagnostic Kinship

This article utilizes data from ethnographic research on deafblindness advocacy in Guatemala to show how families in this community create new forms of kinship with one another based on their children's shared diagnosis. The category of deafblindness expanded significantly in recent decades and now describes a diverse disability population. This case study shows that the umbrella diagnosis of deafblindness opens new possibilities for community formation and belonging, granting diagnostic intelligibility to children who would have received an ambiguous label of having "multiple disabilities" in the recent past. By proposing the concept of diagnostic kinship, this essay demonstrates that diagnoses can offer not only affective and logistical support, but can also generate new kinship possibilities and forms that are contingent on biomedical categories.
A Linear Classifier for Decision Support in a Smart Grid

Because electric-grid sensor data originating from several sensors, such as the phasor measurement units (PMUs); intelligent relays; and the new installation of smart meters, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), or Gridable Vehicles (GV), are exponentially growing, the Smart Grid’s data-analytic platform has huge potential (generation, transmission, or distribution) and can play a significant role in the decision-making process for meaningful data interpretation in order to act promptly or to automate the grid process to avoid any failures or grid instability. This chapter focuses on identifying the variables of interest that are important for the electric grid that is embedded in distributed real-time data engines which will help with the system operators’ decision-support process. More specifically, the applicability and performance of the M5 model and J48 decision-tree machine-learning technique are investigated using real electric-grid data. We have presented how a decision-tree model, such as M5P, can support system operators in making effective decisions in the Smart Grid. Two sets of test data are used in this chapter; the first data set is taken from a 10-unit commitment with a 50,000 Gridable Vehicle, and the latter one analyzes weekly New York City (NYC) demand data from NYISO.
Exploring the fluid online identities of language teachers and adolescent language learners

ABSTRACTDue to demographic changes, there is a growing number of adolescent students who learn in classrooms in which their teacher and peers come from cultural and linguistic backgrounds that are different from theirs. In these diverse classrooms, teachers need to be able to facilitate language learning spaces that are welcoming for all children, regardless of their backgrounds. Considering this need, the purpose of this study is to examine how 11 teachers, acting as language mentors of 11 high school English learners, demonstrated intercultural communication and cultural responsiveness during their participation in a 10-week telecollaboration project. To this end, online interactions and the teacher mentors’ weekly reflection journals were analyzed. From these analyses, three highly productive relationships were selected and their interactions were analyzed to better understand teachers’ approaches to intercultural communication and cultural responsiveness and the role that the identities of teachers an...
Annealing and Sublimation of Noble Gas and Water Ice Films

Using the double–paddle oscillator, we have measured the mass and the shear modulus of thin films of water ice, argon and neon during annealing at cryogenic temperatures. From this, we have determined the vapor pressure of the three solids. They are in good agreement with published values for H 2 O and Ar; for Ne, they extend the vapor pressure to 10 −11 torr, ten orders of magnitude smaller than previous measurements. On the polycrystalline noble gas films condensed at low temperatures, the shear modulus was found to increase logarithmically with the annealing time. This stiffening is similar to that observed previously for amorphous water ice, and is hence not connected to the amorphous structure of the latter.
Wearable technology for compensatory reserve to sense hypovolemia

Traditional monitoring technologies fail to provide accurate or early indications of hypovolemia-mediated extremis because physiological systems (as measured by vital signs) effectively compensate ...
Behavioral symptoms and psychiatric disorders in child and adolescent long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy only.

Background Prevalence of emotional, behavioral, and psychiatric outcomes in child and adolescent survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on a chemotherapy-only protocol were not well defined. Methods Self- and parent-reported emotional and behavioral symptoms were assessed for 161 survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (51.0% female; mean [SD] age 12.1[2.6] years; 7.5[1.6] years post-diagnosis). Age- and sex-adjusted scores were calculated for standardized measures and compared with 90th percentile of norms. Frequencies of survivor psychiatric disorders from structured diagnostic interviews with parents were compared with the general population. Parent emotional distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed. Associations between child symptoms/disorders and parent distress were examined with log-binomial models, adjusting for highest parent education. Results Compared with population expectations (10%), more survivors self-reported symptoms of inattention (27.9; 95% CI, 21.0%-35.7%), hyperactivity/impulsivity (26.0%; CI, 19.2%-33.6%), and oppositional-defiant behavior (20.1%; CI, 14.1%-27.3%). Parents reported survivors with more symptoms of inattention (23.6%; CI, 17.2%-31.0%), higher frequencies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (10.3% vs 2%) and oppositional defiant disorder (16.0% vs 9.5%), but not attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (7.1% vs 7.8%) or generalized anxiety disorder (3.2% vs 4.1%), compared with national norms. Parent-report of child anxiety disorders was associated with parent self-reported emotional distress but not survivor self-report of anxiety. Conclusion A significant minority of survivors have long-term psychiatric morbidity, multi-informant assessment is important to understand these symptom profiles and to inform selection of appropriate interventions. Interventions targeting inattention and oppositional behavior in children and emotional distress in parents are warranted in families with survivors who display behavioral problems.
The Unorthodox ‘Orthodoxy’ of Shah Jahan: A Reassessment of His Religiosity

In spite of the many beautiful works of art and architecture produced under the patronage of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (r. 1628–58 CE), including the incomparable Taj Mahal, historians have not...
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: treatment with ancillary growth factors

Osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head, also known as avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, is a progressive disease that predominantly affects younger patients. During early stage of ON, decompression of the femoral head has been commonly used to improve pain. The decompression has been augmented with nonvascularized or vascularized bone grafts, mesenchymal stems cells, and growth factors. The use of adjuvant growth factors to supplement the core decompression has mainly been limited to animal models in an attempt to regenerate the necrotic lesion of ON. Factors utilized include bone morphogenetic proteins, vascular endothelial growth factors, hepatocyte growth factors, fibroblast growth factors, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, and stem cells factors. In animal models, the use of these factors has been shown to increase bone formation and angiogenesis. Although promising, the use of these growth factors and cell-based therapies clinically remains limited.
Differential gene expression in red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) larval and pupal stages.

Solenopsis invicta Buren is an invasive ant species that has been introduced to multiple continents. One such area, the southern United States, has a history of multiple control projects using chemical pesticides over varying ranges, often resulting in non-target effects across trophic levels. With the advent of next generation sequencing and RNAi technology, novel investigations and new control methods are possible. A robust genome-guided transcriptome assembly was used to investigate gene expression differences between S. invicta larvae and pupae. These life stages differ in many physiological processes; of special importance is the vital role of S. invicta larvae as the colonies' "communal gut". Differentially expressed transcripts were identified related to many important physiological processes, including digestion, development, cell regulation and hormone signaling. This dataset provides essential developmental knowledge that reveals the dramatic changes in gene expression associated with social insect life stage roles, and can be leveraged using RNAi to develop effective control methods.
Undocumented Latinx College Students’ Perceptions of Campus Climate

This qualitative study explored 16 undocumented Latinx college students’ perceptions of campus climate through the lens of sense of belonging. Barriers to belonging include: (a) experiencing racism...
Promotion Disparities in Academic Urology.

ABSTRACT Objective To better understand promotion timelines across gender and race/ethnicity and how academic output impacts promotion in urology. Methods We examined the 2017 census. An academic subset was asked questions regarding their promotion timeline. We obtained demographic, academic output, and family responsibility data. Results Of 2926 academic urologists who identified a position of Assistant, Associate, or Full professor, 11.2% were women, 75% were White, and 94% were non-Hispanic. Men authored more papers and achieved principal investigator status more often than women. Non-Hispanics authored more papers than Hispanics. On average, women took 1.2 years longer than men to advance from Assistant to Associate Professor (7.3 years [95% CI: 6.8-7.8] vs 6.1 years, [95% CI: 5.8-6.6, P Conclusion We identified disparities in promotion times based on gender but not race and ethnicity. The number of under-represented minority faculty in urology is low. Understanding the causes of disparities should be a priority in order to support fair promotion practices and retention of diverse faculty.
GP130 Cytokines in Breast Cancer and Bone.

Breast cancer cells have a high predilection for skeletal homing, where they may either induce osteolytic bone destruction or enter a latency period in which they remain quiescent. Breast cancer cells produce and encounter autocrine and paracrine cytokine signals in the bone microenvironment, which can influence their behavior in multiple ways. For example, these signals can promote the survival and dormancy of bone-disseminated cancer cells or stimulate proliferation. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family, defined by its use of the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) co-receptor, includes interleukin-11 (IL-11), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), among others. These cytokines are known to have overlapping pleiotropic functions in different cell types and are important for cross-talk between bone-resident cells. IL-6 cytokines have also been implicated in the progression and metastasis of breast, prostate, lung, and cervical cancer, highlighting the importance of these cytokines in the tumor–bone microenvironment. This review will describe the role of these cytokines in skeletal remodeling and cancer progression both within and outside of the bone microenvironment.
Elementary absenteeism over time: A latent class growth analysis predicting fifth and eighth grade outcomes

Abstract Chronic absenteeism is deeply detrimental to students' academic and social-emotional development. Prior research on elementary school absenteeism has focused on variable rather than person-centered models, overlooking absenteeism as a continuous process over time. This study addresses this by using a latent class growth analysis with ECLS-K:1998 data to identify classes of student absenteeism throughout elementary school, and uses those to predict their fifth and eighth grade test scores and eighth grade school engagement. Results indicate students fall into four classes of absenteeism, and these are highly predictive of later school outcomes. Individual students tend to stabilize in their absenteeism rates after third grade, and the only truly poor outcomes are for students who have consistently high absenteeism over time, suggesting that as long as overall chronic absenteeism is low, a single year of high chronic absenteeism is not related to highly negative outcomes. Implications are discussed.
Navigating the DNA encoded libraries chemical space

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology is a novel ligand identification strategy that allows the synthesis and screening of unprecedented chemical diversity more efficiently than conventional methods. However, no reports have been published to systematically study how to increase the diversity and improve the molecular property space that can be covered with DEL. This report describes the development and application of eDESIGNER, an algorithm that comprehensively generates all possible library designs, enumerates and profiles samples from each library and evaluates them to select the libraries to be synthesized. This tool utilizes suitable on-DNA chemistries and available building blocks to design and identify libraries with a pre-defined molecular weight distribution and maximal diversity compared with compound collections from other sources. DNA-encoded libraries offer a powerful method for identifying small molecules with valuable functions, but efficiently designing libraries is a challenge. Here an algorithm called eDESIGNER is used to systematically screen and identify libraries with maximal structural diversity.
Long-standing unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation with pseudo articulation with the base of the skull

Abstract A case of long-standing dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complicated by growth and pseudo articulation with the base of the skull is described. The patient presented − more than 25 years after a traumatic event, with pain, facial asymmetry and malocclusion. A two-stage surgical correction was undertaken with preoperative embolization of the internal maxillary artery adjacent to the surgical site. The presenting features, stepwise progress and final results are illustrated and discussed. The treatment resulted in elimination of pain, restoration of occlusion and function and satisfactory facial appearance. This case, to our knowledge, represents the longest follow-up of TMJ dislocation with unique anatomic features as a result of overgrowth of the displaced condyle.
Judge John T. Noonan, Jr. v. Joe Arpaio

John Noonan’s jurisprudence, it has been written, depends upon the formation of an "empathic bond between judge and litigant." This paper is intended as an exploration of how Noonan’s jurisprudence functions in practice. Over the course of three decades on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal, Judge Noonan established himself as one of America’s most original, insightful, and genuinely empathetic judges. While hundreds of his judicial opinions might have been chosen for this investigation, I have selected only a single one. The case to be examined is Wagner v. County of Maricopa, involving a wrongful death action and civil rights claims brought against the County and its Sheriff, Joe Arpaio.
Abe Clearfield and Inorganic Ion Exchange: A Crystallographer’s Approach to Understanding Reactions and Mechanisms

The field of inorganic ion exchange comprises a wide variety of materials, including zeolites, clays, and silicates and extends to layered materials like layered double hydroxides, layered metal ox...
Rectal cancer with complete endoscopic response after neoadjuvant therapy: what is the meaning of a positive MRI?

To determine the short-term outcomes of discordant tumor assessments between DWI-MRI and endoscopy in patients with treated rectal cancer when tumor-bed diffusion restriction is present (“+DWI”). In this HIPPA-compliant, IRB-approved retrospective study, rectal MRI and endoscopic reports were reviewed for patients with locally advanced primary rectal adenocarcinoma (LARC) treated with chemoradiotherapy or total neoadjuvant therapy and imaged between January 2016 and December 2019. Eligible patients had a +DWI and endoscopy within 2 weeks of each other. True positive MRI were those with tumor on endoscopy and/or biopsy (TPa) or in whom endoscopy was negative for tumor, but subsequent 3-month follow-up endoscopy and DWI were both positive (TPb). The positive predictive value of DWI-MRI was calculated on a per-scan and per-patient basis. DWI-negative MRI exams were not explored in this study. In total, 397 patients with nonmetastatic primary LARC were analyzed. After exclusions, 90 patients had 98 follow-up rectal MRI studies with +DWI. Seventy-six patients underwent 80 MRI scans and had concordant findings at endoscopy (TPa). Seventeen patients underwent 18 MRI scans and had discordant findings at endoscopy (FP); among these, 4 scans in 4 patients were initially false positive (FP) but follow-up MRI remained +DWI and the endoscopy turned concordantly positive (TPb). PPV was 0.86 per scan and per patient. In 4/18 (22%) scans and 4/17 (24%) patients with discordances, MRI detected tumor regrowth before endoscopy. Although most +DWI exams discordant with endoscopy are false positive, 22% will reveal that DWI-MRI detects tumor recurrence before endoscopy. • Most often, in post-treatment assessment for rectal cancer when DWI-MRI shows restriction in the tumor bed and endoscopy shows no tumor, +DWI MRI will be proven false positive. • Conversely, our study demonstrated that, allowing for sequential follow-up at a 3-month maximum interval, DWI-MRI may detect tumor presence in the treated tumor bed before endoscopy in 22% of discordant findings between DWI-MRI and endoscopy. • Our results showed that a majority of DWI-MRI-positive scans in treated rectal cancer concur with the presence of tumor on endoscopy performed within 2 weeks.