cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of cytosine arabinoside on DNA synthesis as predictor for acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) patients' response to chemotherapy.

Abstract Bone marrow cells from 25 AML patients were exposed to cytosine arabinoside and the effects of the drug on the incorporation of 3 H -TdR by the cells were measured and compared to the response of the patients to antileukemia chemotherapy with ara C and an anthracycline. The majority of the leukemic cells of the patients in whom bone marrow hypoplasia was not achieved as a result of treatment were classified as resistant to the drugs administered. Incubation with 0.3 μg/ml ara C inhibited DNA synthesis in 11 of 12 resistant patients by 20–95% . Exposure to 3.0 μg/ml drug inhibited the incorporation of 3 H-TdR in 10 of 11 resistant patients by 38–98% . The in vivo resistance of the leukemic cells to ara C was not reflected by the in vitro response of the synthesis of DNA by these cells to ara C. The effects of ara C on DNA synthesis were also not correlated to the drug's effects on the clonogenic cells in 21 bone marrow specimens. We conclude that the effects of ara C on DNA synthesis are not predictive to a patient's response to therapy, nor do they reflect the cytocidal effects of the drug on the clonogenic cells.
An approximation of multivariate normal orthant probabilities of dimension 4: a contingency-table approach

La collection de toutes les probabilites d'orthant pour une distribution normale multivariable a quatre dimensions peut etre consideree comme une table de contingence 2×2×2×2. On utilise un algorithme d'ajustement proportionnel iteratif pour calculer la table a partir de six tables 2×2 marginales
Cleavage Crystallography of Liquid Metal Embrittled Aluminum Alloys

The crystallography of liquid metal-induced transgranular cleavage in six aluminum alloys having a variety of microstructures has been determined via Laue X-ray back reflection. The cleavage crystallography was independent of alloy microstructure, and the cleavage plane was 100-plane oriented in all cases. It was further determined that the cleavage crystallography was not influenced by alloy texture. Examination of the fracture surface indicated that there was not a unique direction of crack propagation. In addition, the existence of 100-plane cleavage on alloy 2024 fracture surfaces was inferred by comparison of secondary cleavage crack intersection geometry on the 2024 surfaces with the geometry of secondary cleavage crack intersections on the test alloys.
The fat embolism syndrome. A review.

While fat embolism occurs in most (more than 90%) patients with traumatic injury, the fat embolism syndrome (FES) occurs in only 3%-4% of patients with long-bone fractures. FES involves multiple organ systems and can cause a devastating clinical deterioration within hours. The major clinical features of FES include hypoxia, pulmonary edema, central nervous system depression, and axillary or subconjunctive petechiae. Improvements have been made in supporting the respiratory compromise and adult respiratory distress syndrome that these patients develop. Aggressive measures to improve the pulmonary function, i.e., positive pressure ventilation and effective fluid management, are important and expedite fixation of bone fractures.
Accommodation migration of grain boundaries

Abstract This paper further explores the idea of Kocks (1970), Khayutin (1974), Poirier (1981), and Cobbold et al. (1984) that grain-boundary migration can sometimes act as a deformation mechanism. In particular it is shown how combined rotation of grains and grain boundary migration are geometrically capable of accommodating the otherwise incompatible plastic deformations that tend to arise in neighboring grains of low symmetry materials on account of their different lattice orientations. An experimental example is provided where the observed change in position of a grain boundary corresponds to the change predicted by the theory relating position of a coherent deformation domain boundary to the deformations either side of the boundary. Further observation of deformation fields near mobile grain boundaries is required, however, to establish whether or not “accommodation migration” is ever an important phenomenon. Meanwhile, the theory of coherent boundaries explained here and in Cobbold et al. (1984) can also be applied to other problems, for example, to the study of dynamic recrystallization by progressive misorientation of subgrains, or to the study of deformation-induced phase changes.
Measurement of Key Pool Boiling Parameters in Nanofluids for Nuclear Applications

Nanofluids, colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles in a base fluid such as water, can afford very significant Critical Heat Flux (CHF) enhancement. Such engineered fluids potentially could be employed in reactors as advanced coolants in safety systems with significant safety and economic advantages. However, a satisfactory explanation of the CHF enhancement mechanism in nanofluids is lacking. To close this gap, we have identified the important boiling parameters to be measured. These are the properties (e.g., density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat, vaporization enthalpy, surface tension), hydrodynamic parameters (i.e., bubble size, bubble velocity, departure frequency, hot/dry spot dynamics) and surface conditions (i.e., contact angle, nucleation site density). We have also deployed a pool boiling facility in which many such parameters can be measured. The facility is equipped with a thin indium-tin-oxide heater deposited over a sapphire substrate. An infra-red high-speed camera and an optical probe are used to measure the temperature distribution on the heater and the hydrodynamics above the heater, respectively. The first data generated with this facility already provide some clue on the CHF enhancement mechanism in nanofluids. Specifically, the progression to burnout in a pure fluid (ethanol in this case) is characterized by a smoothly-shaped and steadily-expanding hot spot. By contrast, in the ethanol-based nanofluid the hot spot pulsates and the progression to burnout lasts longer, although the nanofluid CHF is higher than the pure fluid CHF. The presence of a nanoparticle deposition layer on the heater surface seems to enhance wettability and aid hot spot dissipation, thus delaying burnout.
In Vitro Transcription of Erythroid Promoters Using Baculoviral-Expressed Human GATA-1: Purification, Physicochemistry, and Activities

Abstract GATA-1 is a cys-2/cys-2 zinc finger transcriptional activator that is required for erythrocyte development in chimeric mice and contributes to the expression of all erythroid genes studied to date, including the erythropoietin receptor, glycophorin B, and porphobilinogen deaminase genes. Transactivation by GATA-1 is mediated by either an amino-terminal acidic domain, R1, or an independent adjacent domain, R2, and may involve the coordinate action of cofactors (NF-E2, EKLF, and Sp1) which bind adjacent cis -elements. To directly assess mechanisms of transactivation, we have developed an efficient cell-free transcription system using recombinant human GATA-1 (rhGATA-1) expressed in SF9 cells. Levels of baculoviral expression of GATA-1 were ≥200-fold higher than endogenous levels in erythroid K562 cells. Factors from each source were essentially equivalent in molecular weight and DNA binding properties, and highly similar in phosphotryptic peptide composition. Notably, DNA binding was inhibited following treatment with alkaline phosphatase. In both SF9 and K562 cells, GATA-1 occurred largely as heterogeneous multimers, thus complicating its isolation by standard procedures. However, significant purification of this factor (≥100-fold; ≥75% purity) was accomplished via DNA affinity chromatography. In cell-free assays, this rhGATA-1 was shown to be remarkably active in transactivating model erythroid promoters. This work establishes an efficient in vitro system for direct analyses of mechanisms, cofactors, and functional domains of GATA-1 which regulate transcription at defined proximal promoters.
Adsorption states and mobility of trimethylacetic acid molecules on reduced TiO2(110) surface

Combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) studies have probed the bonding configurations and mobility of trimethylacetic acid (TMAA) molecules on the TiO2(110) surface at RT. Upon TMAA dissociation through deprotonation, two distinctly different types of stable chemisorption configurations of the carboxylate group (TMA) have been identified according to their position and appearance in STM images. In configuration A, two carboxylate O atoms bond to two Ti4+ cations, while in configuration B one O atom fills the bridging oxygen vacancy (VO) with the other O bounded at an adjacent regular Ti4+ site. Calculated adsorption energies for the configurations A and B are comparable at 1.28 and 1.36 eV, respectively. DFT results also show that TMA may rotate at RT about its O atom that filled the VO (in configuration B), with a rotation barrier of ∼0.65 eV. Both the observation of the constant initial sticking coefficient and preference for TMAA molecules to dissociate at selective sites indicate that TMAA adsorption is mediated by a mobile precursor state. Several possible molecular (physisorbed) states of TMAA have indeed been identified by DFT, all being highly mobile at RT. In contrast, the TMA diffusion in the chemisorbed (dissociative) state is a very slow with a calculated barrier of 1.09 eV for diffusion along the Ti row.
On a mesh optimization method based on a minimization of interpolation error

Abstract In this article a new mesh optimization technique for finite element methods is presented. The mesh modification strategy is based on a minimization of an interpolation error estimate and can be viewed as a generalization of existing conformai map-type mesh generators. The new mesh results in an essential improvement of finite element approximation which is illustrated in numerical examples.
Membrane fatty acid modification of the neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid, NG108-15

Abstract As a first step in studying the effects of membrane lipid modification on complex cellular functions we have modified the membrane fatty acid composition of the neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid clone, NG108-15. These cultured cells were chosen because they exhibit many complex neuronal functions in vitro. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleate, linoleate, linolenate and arachidonate) were accumulated, metabolized and esterified by the cells. These unsaturated fatty acids stimulated cell growth, whereas saturated fatty acids were toxic to the cells. Changes as large as 40-fold in the ratio of monounsaturated/polyun-saturated fatty acids in the membrane phospholipids were produced by addition of fatty acids directly to serum-containing culture medium. As a result of the exposure of NG108-15 cells to unsaturated fatty acids the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine in the cells was increased by as much as 60%. Polyunsaturated fatty acids also caused a small decrease in the membrane cholesterol/ phospholipid molar ratio. These experiments demonstrate that large changes in membrane fatty acid composition can be created in clonal cells capable of differentiated neuronal activities. Additional changes in membrane lipid composition also appear to be induced by these manipulations. The question of the importance of specific membrane lipid composition to neuronal cellular function now can be addressed.
Modulation of P-element pre-mRNA splicing by a direct interaction between PSI and U1 snRNP 70K protein.

Abstract P-element somatic inhibitor (PSI) is a KH domain-containing splicing factor highly expressed in Drosophila somatic tissues. Here we have identified a direct association of PSI with the spliceosomal U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle in somatic nuclear extracts. This interaction is mediated by highly conserved residues within the PSI C-terminal AB motif and the U1 snRNP-specific 70K protein. Through the AB motif, PSI modulates U1 snRNP binding on the P-element third intron (IVS3) 5′ splice site and its upstream exonic regulatory element. Ectopic expression experiments in the Drosophila female germline demonstrate that the AB motif also contributes to IVS3 splicing inhibition in vivo. These data show that the processing of specific target transcripts, such as the P-element mRNA, is regulated by a functional PSI-U1 snRNP interaction in Drosophila .
Characterization of flourescent 2-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl-immunoglobulin G conjugates for application in fluorescence polarization studies

Abstract Preparations of normal rabbit IgG antibody (NgG) and purified rabbit IgG antibody of anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (Anti-Dnp) specificity were covantly labeled with the flourescent probe 2-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride (2,5-Dns-Cl). 2,5-Dns-immunoglobulin G preparations were shown to have average flourescence lifetimes of 29–32 ns by cross-correlated phase and modulation flourescence lifetime measurements. Excitation maxima were observed at 275 and 368 nm, while the emission maximum occured at 465 nm. With 390 nm excitation, an intrinsic flourescence polarization of 0.43 was observed. Molar extinction coefficients of 36 000 M −1 ·cm −1 (at 258 nm) and 2090 M −1 · −1 (at 352 nm) were determined by synthesis of 2,5-DNS- L -[4,5- 3 H]leucine, a tritiated sulfonomide of 2,5-DNS. Low level labelling (1 mol 2,5-Dns/mol of antibody) of rabbit Anti-Dnp IgG antibody with 2,5-DNS-Cl did not significantly alter the antibody association constant with Dnp. Fluorescence polarization measurements were accurately measured (0.3% error) at antibody concentrations greater than 10 −7 M, using photon counting instrumentation. Rotational relaxation times of 128 and 131 ns were determined for 2,5-DNS-NgG and 2,5-Dns-Anti-Dnp, respectively.
An immunological characterization of the basic proteins of rodent sciatic nerve myelin

Abstract Radioimmunoassays (RIA) for the myelin basic protein (MBP) and P 2 protein together with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to establish the identities of and relationships between the basic proteins (BP) of rodent peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin. The PNS myelin proteins studied, in order of increasing mobility on SDS-PAGE, are P 1 , P R (R=rodent) and P B (B=breakdown). The majority of the acid extractable proteins of rodent PNS myelin are MBP related as shown by MBP-RIA. When tested individually, rodents P 1 , P R and P B were each found to cross-react in the RIA for MBP but not that for P 2 . The acid extracts of rodent PNS myelin were found to contain P 2 , although in minute quantities. P 2 accounts for approximately 0.05–1.0% of the acid extractable protein in rodent PNS myelin.
The effects of a nearby biological body on the parameters of a small hand-held transmitter operating in the HF band (3 MHz-30 MHz)

The effects of a nearby biological body on the efficiency and radiation patterns of a small hand-held radio operating in the HF band are determined by computer modeling. The close proximity of the radio operator's body results in the scattered field from the body reradiating and perturbing the known free-space current distribution on the antenna to some extent. However, due to the extremely small electrical size of the radiating system, this body-to-radio coupling is assumed to be minimal and henceforth neglected. Thus, a direct moment method is used to solve a volumetric electric field integral equation with the near field of the radio used as the excitation field. Once the equivalent volumetric currents are determined, the efficiency and radiation patterns are found using these currents and the unperturbed free space current of the radio antenna. >
Characterization of Conical Ionic Liquid Ion Sources for 2-D Electrospray Thruster Arrays on Porous Substrates

Emission data from a new geometry of Ionic Liquid Ion Sources using porous materials are presented. Ionic liquids are molten salts at room temperature which have near zero vapour pressure. When used in electrospray thrusters, these sources provide an efficient thrust mechanism and, due to their low vapor pressure, eliminate the need for complex propellant feed systems. By emitting pure ion beams rather than mixed ion/droplet emission, small high efficiency thrusters capable of providing specific impulse levels of several thousand seconds can be realized. The latest developments of these thrusters, using conical emitters micro-fabricated from porous substrates, are presented. Porous substrates provide liquid flow over a wide range of emitted currents, accommodating steady, stable emission of ion beams. Conical type emitters, fabricated on a planar porous substrate are well suited for high density 2-D arrays as they allow for both passive propellant feed through the bulk and simplified grid alignment compared with arrays formed from multiple emitter array substrates. This paper confirms that such conical emitters can provide beam currents of 100's of nA up to several μA with beams composed of pure ions with no charged droplets detected, as has previously been observed using alternative emitter geometries.
Mitomycin C and vindesine associated pulmonary toxicity with variable clinical expression

A patient receiving mitomycin and vindesine chemotherapy for lung cancer developed abrupt onset of shortness of breath following vindesine administration. Pulmonary function tests both before and after rechallenging him with vindesine showed an acute obstructive pattern, which resolved with bronchodilator therapy; persisting lung damage was evident by arterial blood gas analysis. A record review of the 126 patients placed on the same chemotherapy regimen uncovered an additional 6 patients with possible lung toxicity. These seven patients (5.5%) had a variable clinical picture, from acute, reversible shortness of breath temporally related to vindesine administration to a progressive, fatal interstitial infiltrate. Physicians administering the combination of mitomycin and a vinca alkaloid should be aware of potential lung toxicity with variable clinical expression and be prepared to take appropriate action should they encounter it.
Teaching Optical Engineering

This PDF file contains the editorial “Teaching Optical Engineering” for OE Vol. 47 Issue 05
The adjacent dnaZ and dnaX genes of Escherichia coli are contained within one continuous open reading frame

The dnaZ and dnaX loci of Escherichia coli have been genetically defined as separate genes, both of which are essential for DNA replication (1). The 2.1 kb region of DNA that complements mutations in both genes has a maximum coding capacity of approximately 80,000 daltons. Two protein products are produced from this region with molecular weights of 77,000 and 52,000 (2,3). We have sequenced a 2.7 kb fragment containing the dnaZ and dnaX genes and determined that it contains only one open reading frame of sufficient length to encode either of these proteins. This open reading frame may encode a protein of 71,147 daltons or of 68,451 daltons depending on which potential translational initiation codon is utilized. There are two transcriptional promoters preceding the gene as well as a ribosome binding site preceding the two potential initiation codons. Both the promoters and ribosome binding sites are predicted to be weak, perhaps contributing to the low expression of these genes.
Design and Realization of the Script System in an Educational Game Engine

Educational game engine is for designing and producing various puzzle games used to boost the intelligence and learning interest of the students, thus having big significance in the field of education. The design of action script system is the core of a game engine, which takes a decisive role in the development of game engine. Based on the brief introduction of a 2-D educational game engine, the Logic Animation Platform (LAP), this paper mainly introduces the design of the script system of this game engine in terms of grammatical structure and compiler realization.
Soluble multi-trimeric TNF superfamily ligand adjuvants enhance immune responses to a HIV-1 Gag DNA vaccine

Background DNA vaccines remain an important component of HIV vaccination strategies, typically as part of a prime/boost vaccination strategy with viral vector or protein boost. A number of DNA prime/viral vector boost vaccines are currently being evaluated for both preclinical studies and in Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. These vaccines would benefit from molecular adjuvants that increase correlates of immunity during the DNA prime. While HIV vaccine immune correlates are still not well defined, there are a number of immune assays that have been shown to correlate with protection from viral challenge including CD8+ T cell avidity, antigen-specific proliferation, and polyfunctional cytokine secretion.
Rietveld X-ray Powder Profile Analysis and Electrical Conductivity of Fastion Conducting Gd2(Til-ySny)2O7 Solid Solutions

The A3+2B4+2O7 pyrochlores have fast-ion conduction properties that make them attractive candidates for applications in fuel cells. Rietveld powder-profile analysis of x-ray diffraction data has been used to determine structural parameters for Gd2(Ti1-ySny)2O7 solid solutions (y = 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, and 0.80) for correlation with composition-dependence of the specimens’ electrical conductivity. In accord with Vegard’s law, the lattice constants increase linearly with y as the larger Sn ion replaces Ti4+. The structures in the system remain remarkably ordered in view of the fact that it had been suggested that increasing the average radius of the ions that occupy the B4+ site relative to A3+ drives the system toward a disordered defect-fluorite state. A small but significant increase in mixing of the occupancy of the cation sites was found with increasing y to a maximum of [GdB] = 0.05. We could detect no significant disorder in the anion array. The activation energy and pre-exponential term for oxygen ion conduction were found to increase linearly and exponentially with y, respectively, such that at a given temperature, the ionic conductivity changes by less than an order of magnitude across the system. The behavior is in marked contrast to other systems where the substitution of a larger cation in the B site increases conductivity by up to three orders of magnitude as a consequence of substantial disorder that is introduced in both the cation and anion arrays.
The Familial Parkinsonism Gene LRRK2 Regulates Neurite Process Morphology

Mutations in LRRK2 underlie an autosomal-dominant, inherited form of Parkinson's disease (PD) that mimics the clinical features of the common "sporadic" form of PD. The LRRK2 protein includes putative GTPase, protein kinase, WD40 repeat, and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains of unknown function. Here we show that PD-associated LRRK2 mutations display disinhibited kinase activity and induce a progressive reduction in neurite length and branching both in primary neuronal cultures and in the intact rodent CNS. In contrast, LRRK2 deficiency leads to increased neurite length and branching. Neurons that express PD-associated LRRK2 mutations additionally harbor prominent phospho-tau-positive inclusions with lysosomal characteristics and ultimately undergo apoptosis.
Determination of 2-Chloroethanol in Surgical Materials by Extraction and Gas Chromatography

A method for the determination of 2-chloroethanol in ethylene oxide sterilized surgical materials is described. The 2-chloroethanol is extracted under vacuum, condensed in a cold trap, and quantitative determinations made by GLC. The method is compared with acetone and water extractions.
Photoluminescence from single CdSe quantum rods

We report here the first observation of photoluminescence from single CdSe quantum confined nanorods (quantum rods). Luminescence imaging spectra of individual rods were obtained for two samples, with average aspect ratio of 2 and 4, respectively. Typical room-temperature luminescence spectral line widths of the rods in both samples are less than 60 meV, which are about the same as that of high-quality CdSe/CdS core/shell single quantum dots. Single quantum rods also exhibit luminescence intermittence as observed in single-dot systems. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Automatic generation of implementations for DSP transforms on fused multiply-add architectures

Many modern computer architectures feature fused multiply-add (FMA) instructions, which offer potentially faster performance for numerical applications. For DSP transforms, compilers can only generate FMA code to a very limited extent because optimal use of FMAs requires modifying the chosen algorithm. In this paper, we present a framework for automatically generating FMA code for every linear DSP transform, which we implemented as an extension to the SPIRAL code generation system. We show that for many transforms and transform sizes, our generated FMA code matches the best-known hand-derived FMA algorithms in terms of arithmetic cost. Further, we present actual runtime results that show the speed-up obtained by using FMA instructions.
Cognitive ability, cognitive aptitudes, job knowledge, and job performance

Abstract This paper reviews the hundreds of studies showing that general cognitive ability predicts job performance in all jobs. The first section shows that general cognitive ability predicts supervisor ratings and training success. The second section shows that general cognitive ability predicts objective, rigorously content valid work sample performance with even higher validity. Path analysis shows that much of this predictive power stems from the fact that general cognitive ability predicts job knowledge ( r = .80 for civilian jobs) and job knowledge predicts job performance ( r = .80). However, cognitive ability predicts performance beyond this value ( r = .75 versus r = [.80][.80] = .64) verifying job analyses showing that most major cognitive skills are used in everyday work. The third section of the paper briefly reviews evidence showing that it is general cognitive ability and not specific cognitive aptitudes that predict performance.
Fashion magazines in the lives of Shanghai's female college students:Psychological and sociological motives for uses and gratifications

International fashion magazines are now all over mainland China and enjoy high readership especially among female college students. This study investigates the impact of psychological and sociological motives on the use of fashion magazines among female college students in Shanghai. It examines whether those who belong to specific SES groups differ in terms of seven motivations for reading fashion magazines, and whether each of these seven motives are significant predictors of fashion magazine use. An online survey was conducted to gather data. The results showed that students from three socioeconomic classes did not significantly differ from each other in terms of any of the seven psychological and sociological motives tested. Three psychological motives—enhancing current body image, enhancing future body image, and displaying high socioeconomic status—were found to be significant predictors of fashion magazine use. The sociological motives—consumerism, feminism, experiencing an affluent lifestyle, and escaping political propaganda—did not significantly influence fashion magazine use. The findings suggest that the student-respondents held rational attitudes about fashion magazines and what they contain. They did not regard fashion magazines as a major source of information to assist them in the process of socialization. The results also suggest that sociological motives may not directly affect media use, but they are nonetheless related to psychological motivations that predict media consumption.
Novel design of an enclosed CO2/H2O gas analyser for eddy covariance flux measurements

This study describes design and field performance of a new enclosed CO 2 /H 2 O gas analyser, LI-7200. Unlike present closed-path analysers, this new instrument is designed for operation with short intake tubes, with the intention to maximize strengths and to minimize weaknesses of both traditional open-path and closed-path approaches. The study provides description of the instrument, shows the principles of its operation, and explains advantages of a new design. Field results are provided from three field experiments with the prototypes, and cover such parameters as high frequency air temperature and pressure fluctuations inside the sampling cell versus ambient conditions, instantaneous concentrations and cospectra for CO 2 and H 2 O in comparison with open-path instrument, and eddy covariance hourly CO 2 and H 2 O fluxes in comparison with both open-path and closed-path instruments. Field data loss inventory is also provided in comparison with open-path and closed-path gas analysers. The new enclosed design results in little data loss during precipitation and icing, similar to the closed-path design, but with a low power consumption and high field stability comparable to open-path instruments. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00468.x
Pharmaceutical Toxicology. Gerald J. Mulder, Lennart Dencker, eds. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2006, 280 pp., $49.95, paperback. ISBN 0-85369-593-8.

This volume is the first in a series of introductory textbooks that are aimed at students in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences and are being produced by the European University Consortium for Advanced Pharmaceutical Education and Research. This volume will be of value to the intended audience and will also serve as a solid review text on drug safety and basic toxicology for residents and fellows in laboratory medicine who may be many years away from their training in pharmacology. The text begins with a chapter on general concepts including kinetics, bioavailability, and, importantly, the types of studies that …
Single Event Effects (SEE) response of embedded power PCs in a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA for a space application

We present heavy ion and proton SEE data on Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA XC4VFX60. XC4VFX60 FPGA embeds two power PC405 processors. Purpose of these tests was the validation of this FPGA for use on hubble space telescope (HST) next servicing mission.
Duration in Parental Structures and High School Graduation

This article extends research on the effects of living in nonintact family types during childhood and adolescence on high school graduation. Data from the National Survey of Families and Households...
Writing meeting minutes for a pharmacy and therapeutics committee and its subcommittees

New practitioners are often called on to contribute to the function of the pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee and its subcommittees by writing meeting minutes. Pharmacy residents typically take on this role as part of their residency responsibilities. A postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) drug
Flow measurement in coronary surgery.

Background Many of the modern less invasive approaches to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are performed without the use of the heart lung machine and cardiac asystole. Even after the introduction of mechanical stabilizers, the ability to achieve a technically perfect anastomosis is less certain in beating heart bypass surgery. Our group has begun to assess the surgical results of beating heart CABG using Transit Time Flow Measurement (TTFM). Our experience indicates that a meticulous and controlled method of assessing the results of intraoperative flow measurements can improve the quality of information and increases the accuracy of diagnosing technical problems with newly constructed bypass grafts. For this reason, we developed a standard algorithm for using and interpreting intraoperative TTFM. Methods From January to August of 1998, 161 patients underwent off-pump CABG with a total of 323 distal anastomoses (2.0 grafts per patient). All completed grafts were tested intraoperatively with TTFM and the decision to accept or revise any individual graft was based on a decision nomogram using key values readily available from the TTFM output. Results Thirty-two grafts (9.9%) were surgically revised based on unsatisfactory flow curves, the Pulsatile Index, or both. All revised grafts were found to have a significant technical error, such as an intimal flap, thrombus, conduit kinking, or dissection. There were no major complications, myocardial infarctions, or deaths in the entire series of patients. Conclusions Based on our favorable use of TTFM, we strongly recommend that patency of every graft be assessed whether the operation is performed off pump or on cardiopulmonary bypass. Guidelines for performing and interpreting TTFM ensure a high degree of confidence in the completed graft. The decision to revise a graft can be made based on simple parameters easily acquired from the TTFM device. Any concern about quality or quantity of flow should prompt immediate revision.
Use of suramin in treatment of prostatic carcinoma refractory to conventional hormonal manipulation.

SUMMARY Suramin and related compounds, in view of their growth factor and enzyme binding properties, represent in many respects a novel approach to the treatment of cancer. Although in this preliminary analysis of suramin use in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, the objective response rate does not appear impressive, much work still needs to be done to optimize suramin's administration to patients and to elucidate its various postulated mechanisms of action. The development of related compounds with more specific enzyme and growth factor antagonist properties is under way.
Tidal Variability Studies Using an Mf Radar in Hawaii

A brief overview of the first year and a half of data from an MF radar in Hawaii is presented. Tidal amplitudes are shown to be highly variable. In seeking to account for this variability, emphasis is placed upon the interaction between waves of different scales, which could be occurring locally or globally, depending upon the waves involved. A major finding is the apparent modulation of the diurnal tide by a 16-day planetary wave.
Integrating copper toxicity and climate change to understand extinction risk to two species of pond‐breeding anurans

Chemical contamination is often suggested as an important contributing factor to amphibian population declines, but direct links are rarely reported. Population modeling provides a quantitative method to integrate toxicity data with demographic data to understand the long-term effects of contaminants on population persistence. In this study we use laboratory-derived embryo and larval toxicity data for two anuran species to investigate the potential for toxicity to contribute to population declines. We use the southern toad (Anaxyrus terrestris) and the southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus) as model species to investigate copper (Cu) toxicity. We use matrix models to project populations through time and quantify extinction risk (the probability of quasi-extinction in 35 yr). Life-history parameters for toads and frogs were obtained from previously published literature or unpublished data from a long-term (>35 yr) data set. In addition to Cu toxicity, we investigate the role of climate change on amphibian populations by including the probability of early pond drying that results in catastrophic reproductive failure (CRF, i.e., complete mortality of all larval individuals). Our models indicate that CRF is an important parameter for both species as both were unable to persist when CRF probability was >50% for toads or 40% for frogs. Copper toxicity alone did not result in significant effects on extinction risk unless toxicity was very high (>50% reduction in survival parameters). For toads, Cu toxicity and high probability of CRF both resulted in high extinction risk but no synergistic (or greater than additive) effects between the two stressors occurred. For leopard frogs, in the absence of CRF survival was high even under Cu toxicity, but with CRF Cu toxicity increased extinction risk. Our analyses highlight the importance of considering multiple stressors as well as species differences in response to those stressors. Our models were consistently most sensitive to juvenile and adult survival, further suggesting the importance of terrestrial stages to population persistence. Future models will incorporate multiple wetlands with different combinations of stressors to understand if our results for a single wetland result in a population sink within the landscape.
Pranksters: Making Mischief in the Modern World. By Kembrew McLeod. (New York, NY: New York University Press, 2014. Pp. xi, 353. $29.95.)

Overall, this study of pranks is engrossing in the fullest meaning of the term. Yet it is also somewhat unnerving. When, in the final chapter, the author wondrously recounts his own “RoboProfessor”...
Unearthing the marvelous: environmental imprints on rhetorical criticism

ABSTRACTEnvironmental themes and thought have transformed the paths rhetorical criticism travels; nevertheless, environmental matters remain marginalized in most maps of the field. This essay establishes this tension between the growing institutionalization and popularity of environmental criticism and the ongoing undervaluing of these contributions in most accounts of the state of rhetorical criticism. Then, the author illustrates how this work has enabled rich extensions of ongoing conversations about canonical tropes of the field, including: metacritical; close textual analysis; dramatistic criticism; narrative; metaphoric; social movement; genre; mythic; critical rhetoric; and publics. Finally, the author invites readers to consider how environmental matters have contributed to the ways we navigate rhetorical criticism, as well as how this dimension of the field provides vital and diverse paths worth traveling for years to come.
Is a Bronchial Blocker Just as Good as a Double-Lumen Tube for Achieving Adequate Lung Isolation?

A 48-year-old female (height 155 cm; weight 64 kg) with a history of moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was scheduled for right video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and segmentectomy for a lower lobe mass measuring 2.5 × 2.4 cm. On examination, she had a Mallampati Class II airway, a high-arched palate, a mouth opening >3 cm, and full range of neck motion. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and vecuronium. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a grade 3 view of the larynx with visualization only of the tip of the epiglottis. After 3 failed attempts with a Mac #3, a Miller #3, and a video laryngoscope, a supraglottic airway (SGA) was inserted and her oxygen saturation was maintained at >95 %. The anesthesia team called for help due to increasing airway edema, concerning that this could lead to a “can’t ventilate, can’t intubate” situation.
Acute Tubular Injury Associated with Imatinib (Gleevec): A Case Report and Review of the Literature:

Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is a cellular protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. This form of targeted therapy has been used for renal cell cancer, chronic mye...
Modeling microstructure evolution in magnesium: Comparison of detailed and reduced-order kinematic models

The inelastic behavior of hcp metals, such as magnesium (Mg) and its alloys, is dominated by the shortage of available slip systems and the resulting competition between dislocation slip and deformation twinning to accommodate large, irreversible deformation. A variety of models exist to describe the material behavior to varying degrees of accuracy and efficiency. Specifically, detailed crystal plasticity models account for the full set of slip and twin systems, thereby providing detailed microstructural insight at high computational costs. By contrast, reduced-order models aim to describe the same material response by a contracted set of phenomenological internal variables, resulting in significant efficiency gains at the cost of accuracy. Here, we contrast two such approaches for the example of pure Mg and apply those to model texture and yield surface evolution in applications including cold rolling and uniaxial compressions on textured Mg polycrystals. For the latter, we also compare simulated stress–strain predictions to experimental data. We highlight common features and key differences between the two models and compare their levels of accuracy and efficiency for the chosen applications. Our findings demonstrate that the efficient model agrees well with the full-detail calculations at lower levels of strain but shows deviations at large strains due to the missing account of lattice misorientation. We thus show that formulations employing differing kinematic assumptions can predict similar macroscopic behavior by altering material parameters (i.e., using a more detailed model to inform coarse-scale models).
Geometric Diodes for Optical Rectennas

A new diode called a geometric diode rectifies based on geometric asymmetry of a conducting thin film. The planar structure of the geometric diode provides a low RC time constant (on the order of 10−15 s) that is required for rectenna operation at optical frequencies and a low impedance for efficient power transfer from the antenna. Fabricated graphene geometric diodes show asymmetric DC current–voltage characteristics consistent with Monte Carlo simulations for the devices. Coupled to an antenna to form a rectenna, we demonstrated rectification for 28 THz radiation. The geometric diode rectenna system detectivity is in theory 10 times higher than for a metal–insulator–metal diode operating at 28 THz. Applications for this diode include terahertz-wave and optical detection, ultrahigh speed electronics, and optical power conversion.
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine Borane by Highly Active Thorium and Uranium Metallocene Complexes

The thorium and uranium complexes (C5Me5)2AnMe2, [(C5Me5)2An(H)(μ-H)]2 (An = Th, U) and [(C5Me5)2U(H)]2 dehydrogenate dimethylamine borane (Me2NH·BH3) at room temperature. Upon mild heating at 45 °C, turnover frequencies (TOFs) of 400 h–1 are obtained, which is comparable to some of the fastest Me2NH·BH3 dehydrogenation catalysts known in the literature. A β-hydride elimination mechanism for dehydrogenation is proposed because of the observation of Me2N═BH2, Me2N═BMe2, and Me2N═BHMe in the 11B NMR spectra of catalytic and stoichiometric reactions. The similar catalytic metrics between the actinide dimethyl and hydride complexes with Me2NH·BH3 indicate that the actinide hydride complexes are the active catalysts in this chemistry.
A novel approach for embedding communication symbols into physical radar waveforms

Due to constantly increasing demand from commercial communications, defense applications are losing spectrum while still striving to maintain legacy capabilities, not to mention the need for enhanced performance. Consequently, ongoing research is focused on developing multi-function methods to share spectrum between radar and military communication. One approach is to incorporate information-bearing communication symbols into the emitted radar waveforms. However, varying the radar waveform during a coherent processing interval (CPI) causes range sidelobe modulation (RSM) that results in increased residual clutter in the range-Doppler response, thus leading to reduced target visibility. Here a novel approach is proposed to embed information into radar emissions while preserving constant envelope waveforms with good spectral containment. Information sequences are implemented using continuous phase modulation (CPM) and phase-attached to a polyphase-coded frequency-modulated (PCFM) radar waveform, the implementation of which is also derived from CPM. The resulting communication-embedded radar waveforms therefore maintain high power and spectral efficiency. More importantly, the adjustable parameterization of the proposed approach enables direct control of the degree of RSM by trading off bit error rate (BER) and/or data throughput.
The Outlook Post Obama

After serving two complete terms, Barack Obama was the only president under whose leadership our nation has been in a constant state of war. In Afghanistan, there was no lasting political settlement between the government and the Taliban; “train, advise, assist” was ineffective. In Iraq, what needed to be addressed, and wasn’t, was internal political accommodation of Sunni, Shiites, and Kurds to achieve a national unity government. In Syria, Obama’s refusal to militarily support Syria’s insurgency to defeating Bashar al-Assad became a defining issue of his presidency. There was no clearly defined strategy employed by the USA to destroy ISIL, leaving it to President Trump to reengage and appreciate the distinction between the USA’s counterterrorism strategic needs and the region’s long-term reform needs.
Choosing Our Criminological Future: Reservations About Human Agency as an Organizing Concept

Although perhaps useful in inspiring creative inquiries, this essay argues that human agency should not be embraced as criminology’s single background assumption or be its organizing concept. Positivist study of causality cannot be avoided if the criminological enterprise is to be scientific, to take seriously developmental processes across the life course, and to be the basis for progressive interventions. Rather than embrace the limiting conception of human agency, scholars should create the new field of cognitive criminology that explores offender thinking and the subjective side of offending. Ray Paternoster’s many contributions would form a solid foundation for this undertaking.
Postoperative radiosurgery for the treatment of metastatic brain tumor: Evaluation of local failure and leptomeningeal disease.

Abstract In patients undergoing surgical resection of a metastatic brain tumor, whole brain radiation therapy reduces the risk of recurrence and neurologic death. Focal radiation has the potential to mitigate neurocognitive side effects. We present an institutional experience of postoperative radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained institutional radiosurgery database was performed for the years 2005–2015 identifying all adult patients treated with postoperative radiosurgery to the tumor bed. Primary endpoints include local recurrence and postoperative LMD. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to evaluate time to local recurrence and postoperative LMD. Ninety-one patients received adjuvant focal radiation for a brain metastasis. Median radiographic follow-up among patients who had not developed a local failure was 9 months. Of the 91 patients, 20 (22%) developed local recurrence and 32 (35%) experienced postoperative LMD. Freedom from local recurrence and LMD at 1 year was 84% and 69%, respectively. In multivariable models, predictors of local failure included the presence of more than one brain metastasis (HR = 2.65, p = .04) with a preoperative tumor diameter of >3 cm (HR = 4.16, p = .06) trending toward significance. There was a trend to a higher risk of LMD with >1 tumor (HR 2.07, p = .06) and breast cancer (HR 2.37, p = .07). More than one metastasis is an independent predictor of local and leptomeningeal failure following postoperative radiosurgery. The high rate of LMD was likely related to the liberal definition of LMD to include focal dural recurrences.