cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Vascularity, Bone Mineral Density Distribution, and Histomorphometrics in an Isogenic Versus an Outbred Murine Model of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

Purpose The vascularity, bone mineral density distribution, and histomorphometric data between the inbred, isogenic Lewis rat and the outbred, nonisogenic Sprague Dawley rat within mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) were evaluated to allow future researchers to compare the results generated from these 2 animals. We hypothesized that little difference would be found between the 2 strains within these metrics. Materials and Methods We implemented a comparative study between the Lewis and Sprague Dawley rat strains within MDO. The sample was composed of 17 male Lewis and 17 male Sprague Dawley rats that underwent surgical external fixation and distraction. The rats' hemimandibles were distracted to a total distance of 5.1 mm. After 28 days of consolidation, 9 rats from each group underwent bone mineral density distribution analysis. The remaining rats from each group were analyzed for the vascular and histologic metrics. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed, and the P value was set at .05. Results We demonstrated successful MDO in all the rats, with no significant difference found in the histologic or bone mineral density distribution metrics. No significant differences were found in any of the vascular metrics, with the exception of vascular separation, which was not normalized to the mandibular volume (P = .048). Conclusions The results of the present study have demonstrated that little dissimilarity exists between the isogenic Lewis and outbred Sprague Dawley models of MDO. Thus, researchers can confidently compare the gross results between the 2 strains, with consideration of the very small differences between the 2 models. For studies that require an isogenic strain, the Lewis rat is an apt surrogate for the Sprague Dawley strain.
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion and hypertensive vascular disease in experimental malignant hypertension in rats

1. Changes in plasma glucocorticoid levels and the alterations they imposed upon the lymphoid system and vascular hypertrophy were studied in rats developing either the benign or malignant forms of hypertension during the initial 30 days after aortic ligation. 2. A threefold increase in plasma corticosterone was observed during both the acute and chronic phases of malignant hypertension, whereas in benign hypertension, after a short-lasting twofold increase, corticosterone returned to normal within 9 days. 3. Thymus atrophy, thymocyte depletion and impaired thymocyte reactivity characterized the acute phase of benign and malignant hypertension. After 9 days these alterations receded in benign hypertension, whereas they were permanent features accompanied by severe lymphocytopenia and marked neutrophilia in malignant hypertension. 4. Syntheses and contents of collagen and elastin were impaired in the arteries of malignant hypertensive rats. In contrast, elevated synthesis and increased deposition of these proteins were observed in benign hypertensive rats. Both forms of the disease were characterized by increased deposition of arterial non-fibrous protein. 5. Although acute arterial fibrinoid deposition was observed in benign and malignant hypertension, fibrinoid disappeared in benign hypertensive rats whereas it evolved into necrotizing lesions characterized by disruption of the arterial structure and lymphoid cell infiltration in malignant hypertensive rats. 6. These studies indicate that differing patterns of altered glucocorticoid secretion accompany the development of benign and malignant hypertension. These hormones, by altering the lymphoid system and arterial connective tissue metabolism may participate in the development and perpetuation of the necrotizing arterial lesions observed in malignant hypertension.
244 GENDER DIFFERENCE IN ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IN SUBJECTS WITH RESISTANT HYPERTENSION.

Background We have recently reported a 20% incidence of primary aldosteronism (PA) among subjects with resistant hypertension. The reason for the high prevalence of hyperaldosteronism in this high-risk group is unknown. The current study was designed to identify potential stimuli of aldosterone secretion in subjects with resistant hypertension. Methods Consecutive subjects referred to the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) hypertension clinic for resistant hypertension (uncontrolled blood pressure on 3 antihypertensive agents) were prospectively evaluated with a plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma direct renin (PDR), a 24-hr urine collection for aldosterone, cortisol, sodium, and potassium during a normal diet. All subjects were on a stable antihypertensive regimen without use of potassium-sparing diuretics. Results A total of 85 subjects were evaluated, including 42 males and 43 females. Age (53.9 6 11.4 vs 54.8 6 12), BMI (32.6 6 5.4 vs 32.8 6 7.5), clinic blood pressure (153 6 28/91 6 17 vs 158 6 26/85 6 15), number of antihypertensive medications (4.0 6 1.2 vs 4.3 6 1) were similar in male and female subjects. Urinary aldosterone was higher in men compared to women (13.3 6 7.4 vs 8.9 6 4.9 μg/24 hr, p = .0019). Urinary cortisol (l09.1 6 43.4 vs 71 6 45.1 μg/24 hr, p = .0002), sodium (231.5 6 115.7 vs 160.5 6 87.6 mEq/24 hr, p = .0021), and potassium (77.4 6 30.3 vs 59.9 6 24.6 mEq/24 hr, p ≤ .0001) were also higher in male subjects. Urinary aldosterone excretion was positively correlated with cortisol excretion (see the Figure). Conclusion These data are the first to demonstrate a gender difference in aldosterone excretion in subjects with resistant hypertension. Potential stimuli of aldosterone underlying this gender difference include greater dietary ingestion of potassium by the male subjects and/or ACTH stimulation as suggested by the same gender difference in aldosterone and cortisol excretion.
The writing of out patient clinic prescriptions in children's hospital

Objective:To standard the writing of prescription,improve the qualification of prescription and secure the medication. Methods:2 000 pieces of prescriptions were chosen every quarter of a year.Then filled in the"Prescription Evaluation Form" and did statistic analysis of the prescription writing quality. Results:8 000 pieces of prescriptions were chosen and analyzed,86.78% of which complied the quality standard.The most common disqualification reasons were lack of patient number and diagnosis,irregular drug name using,ill-formed drug specifications. Conclusion:Many problems still exist in prescription writing. The hospital should strengthen the inspection of the ambulatory clinic in hospital and improve the level of the prescription writing.
A value proposition for early physical therapist management of neck pain: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Neck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a primary complaint of non-specific neck pain from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 were identified from the Rehabilitation Outcomes Management System (ROMS) database at Intermountain Healthcare. Patients reporting duration of symptoms less than 4 weeks were designated as undergoing “early” management and patients with duration of symptoms greater than 4 weeks were designated as receiving “delayed” management. These groups were compared using binary logistic regression to examine odds of achieving Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Separate generalized linear modeling examined the effect of timing of physical therapist management on the metrics of value and efficiency. Patients who received early physical therapist management had increased odds of achieving MCID on the NDI (aOR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.57, 2.56) and MCID on the NPRS (aOR = 1.82, 95 % CI 1.42, 2.38), when compared to patients receiving delayed management. Patients who received early management demonstrated the greatest value in decreasing disability with a 2.27 percentage point change in NDI score per 100 dollars, best value in decreasing pain with a 0.38 point change on the NPRS per 100 dollars. Finally, patients receiving early management were managed more efficiently with a 3.44 percentage point change in NDI score per visit and 0.57 point change in NPRS score per visit. These findings suggest that healthcare systems that provide pathways for patients to receive early physical therapist management of neck pain may realize improved patient outcomes, greater value and higher efficiency in decreasing disability and pain compared to delayed management. Further research is needed to confirm this assertion.
Zootopia ― Book review of David Grazian's 'American Zoo'

Although there are plenty of books about zoos, zoo ethnographies are a rare treat. Inspired by Erving Goffman’s ethnographic fieldwork method, David Grazian (who teaches in the same department as the late influential sociologist) invites readers on a “sociological safari” to understand “the social and cultural world of the American metropolitan zoo”. Grazian excels in Goffmanesque immersive interactions, especially with the underpaid female keepers and educators at the zoo, whose difficult and “dirty” work he is clearly inspired by.
Absolute stability and spatiotemporal long-range order in Floquet systems

Recent work has shown that a variety of novel phases of matter arise in periodically driven Floquet systems. Among these are many-body localized phases which spontaneously break global symmetries and exhibit novel multiplets of Floquet eigenstates separated by quantized quasienergies. Here we show that these properties are stable to all weak local deformations of the underlying Floquet drives---including those that explicitly break the defining symmetries---and that the models considered until now occupy submanifolds within these larger ``absolutely stable'' phases. While these absolutely stable phases have no explicit global symmetries, they spontaneously break Hamiltonian-dependent emergent symmetries, and thus continue to exhibit the novel multiplet structure. The multiplet structure in turn encodes characteristic oscillations of the emergent order parameter at multiples of the fundamental period. Altogether these phases exhibit a form of simultaneous long-range order in space and time which is new to quantum systems. We describe how this spatiotemporal order can be detected in experiments involving quenches from a broad class of initial states.
Botulinum Toxin Injection to the Lacrimal Gland for the Treatment of Epiphora

Botox injection to the lacrimal gland can be useful to control epiphora in patients with no drainage system. I have had a number of patients that lost their lacrimal sac following extirpation of a tumor. Some of them refused Jones tube surgery, while others were simply poor surgical candidates. Botox injection to the lacrimal gland is very effective at controlling their symptoms of epiphora, as it is with “crocodile tears” after a Bell’s palsy.
Introduction to Web Services

class. 3. Adding in Web Services Annotations: Java 6 includes annotations so that the compiler will know that the program code is a Web service. A partial list of available annotations is as follows: • javax.jws.WebService • javax.jws.WebMethod • javax.jws.WebParam • javax.jws.WebResult • javax.jws.HandlerChain • javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding Figure 9 illustrates an example of a Java service which has been annotated. Note that in the example the @WebService and @WebMethod are the annotations. The complier will recognize these tags and create the WSDL document.
Biomarker Changes in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knees Compared With Healthy Controls

Purpose To establish how synovial fluid biomarker concentrations change in patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, with and without associated cartilage injury, with comparisons made to healthy controls. Methods Patients were prospectively enrolled between January 2013 and December 2014. Inclusion criteria included any patient undergoing knee arthroscopy. Patients with a confirmed ACL tear were allocated to either the ACL tear with cartilage injury group or the ACL tear without cartilage injury group based on intraoperative assessment. Patients who underwent an arthroscopic procedure with no injury history or symptoms in their contralateral knee were asked to provide samples to serve as healthy controls. These subjects may or may not have been the same ones with noted ACL pathology. The concentrations of 20 biomarkers were determined using a multiplex magnetic bead immunoassay. Biomarker concentrations were then compared between the 3 study groups (ACL tears with and without cartilage injury, and uninjured contralateral knees) using an analysis of variance test with pairwise comparisons. The minimal clinically important difference was calculated based on the standard error of measurement. Results The study included synovial fluid samples from 134 knees: 34 ACL tears without cartilage injury (mean age 34.0 years), 28 ACL tears with cartilage injury (mean age 36.3 years), and 72 healthy controls (mean age 41.1 years). Analysis of variance testing showed significant differences among groups for matrix metalloproteinase-3 ( F = 81.8; P F = 7.9; P ≤ .001), TIMP-2 ( F = 4.5; P = .015); fibroblast growth factor-2 ( F = 4.9; P = .011), interleukin-6 ( F = 8.2; P = .001), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta ( F = 7.3; P = .001). Pairwise comparisons showed no significant differences between ACL tears with, and without cartilage injury, but did show that both groups of ACL tears had significantly higher concentrations of (first P value = ACL tears with and then ACL tears without cartilage injury): matrix metalloproteinase-3 ( P P P P = .011), interleukin-6 ( P = .009; P = .038), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta ( P = .003; P = .045) compared with contralateral controls. ACL tears without associated cartilage damage had significantly lower concentrations of TIMP-2 ( P = .011) and fibroblast growth factor-2 ( P = .014) compared with controls. All biomarker concentration differences that reached statistical significance were also larger than calculated minimal clinically important differences. Conclusions The current study identified 6 pro- and anti-inflammatory synovial fluid biomarkers whose concentrations after ACL injury were significantly different compared with uninjured controls. No significant differences in synovial fluid biomarker concentrations were seen between ACL injured knees with and without associated cartilage damage. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study of prospectively gathered data.
The Electrothermal Instability On Pulsed Power Ablations Of Thin Foils

The electrothermal instability (ETI) arises from the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity, $\eta (\mathrm {T})$, in current-carrying materials. When $\delta \eta / \delta \mathrm {T}>0$, as in condensed metals, ETI tends to cause exponentially growing temperature perturbations perpendicular to the direction of current. In pulsed power explosions of wires, foils, or liners, this causes sections of the target to ablate faster than the bulk material, creating an interface perturbation. This interface perturbation has been shown to be responsible for seeding the Magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) instability and other MHD instabilities 1, which are significant impediments to stable implosions in magnetized liner implosion fusion experiments.An experimental study at the University of Michigan 2 has demonstrated the exponential growth of ETI as a temperature perturbation on thin (100s of nm thickness) aluminum foils during atmospheric ablations. Additional experiments have been performed to evaluate material dependence of ETI and its coupling to later-time instabilities. Thin foils of varying materials are ablated using a 1-MA linear transformer driver; an ultrafast 12-frame camera with 5 ns temporal resolution and $70 \mu \mathrm {m}$ spatial resolution collects visible self-emission images. Some shots also add shadowgraphy using collinear, frequency-doubled Nd:Yag laser pulses (532 nm, 2 ns per pulse) synchronized with the framing camera. Preliminary results on exploding liners have shown that tantalum foils exhibit significantly reduced seeding of sausage, kink and MRT instabilities compared to aluminum in identical geometry. This agrees with existing ETI theory 3, which holds that the most important parameter for determining the integral growth of ETI on a pulsed power ablation is the ratio of the target's critical temperature to its melting temperature; tantalum has one of the lowest such ratios of all pure metals. These results indicate that plasma instabilities may be substantially reduced by suppressing ETI seeding.
When Waiting to See a Doctor Is Less Irritating: Understanding Patient Preferences and Choice Behavior in Appointment Scheduling

This paper examines patient preferences and choice behavior in scheduling medical appointments. We conduct four discrete choice experiments on two distinct populations and identify several "operational" attributes e.g., delay to care and choice of doctor that affect patient choice. We observe an interesting gender effect with respect to how patients trade off speed delay to care and quality doctor of choice, and demonstrate that risk attitudes mediate the impact of gender on the perception of speed and quality. Specifically, females versus males are more averse to not seeing their own doctor, and, when delay to care is relatively long, females perceive greater utility loss than males. As many operational strategies in outpatient care aim to improve the patient experience by making trade-offs between speed and quality, we make suggestions for when managers should intervene to improve their practice and how such interventions might look based on the patient mix and current delay level. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2704 . This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Generation of Ensemble Mean Precipitation Forecasts from Convection-Allowing Ensembles

AbstractMethods for generating ensemble mean precipitation forecasts from convection-allowing model (CAM) ensembles based on a simple average of all members at each grid point can have limited utility because of amplitude reduction and overprediction of light precipitation areas caused by averaging complex spatial fields with strong gradients and high-amplitude features. To combat these issues with the simple ensemble mean, a method known as probability matching is commonly used to replace the ensemble mean amounts with amounts sampled from the distribution of ensemble member forecasts, which results in a field that has a bias approximately equal to the average bias of the ensemble members. Thus, the probability matched mean (PM mean hereafter) is viewed as a better representation of the ensemble members compared to the mean, and previous studies find that it is more skillful than any of the individual members. Herein, using nearly a year’s worth of data from a CAM-based ensemble running in real time at t...
Polar delivery of Legionella type IV secretion system substrates is essential for virulence

A recurrent emerging theme is the targeting of proteins to subcellular microdomains within bacterial cells, particularly to the poles. In most cases, it has been assumed that this localization is critical to the protein's function. Legionella pneumophila uses a type IVB secretion system (T4BSS) to export a large number of protein substrates into the cytoplasm of host cells. Here we show that the Legionella export apparatus is localized to the bacterial poles, as is consistent with many T4SS substrates being retained on the phagosomal membrane adjacent to the poles of the bacterium. More significantly, we were able to demonstrate that polar secretion of substrates is critically required for Legionella's alteration of the host endocytic pathway, an activity required for this pathogen's virulence.
Multispectral metasurface hologram at millimeter wavelengths.

We demonstrate a computer-generated metasurface hologram in which four distinct images are encoded at four different W-band (75–110 GHz) frequencies. The metasurface hologram consists of a planar array of resonant metamaterial elements excited by a collimated reference beam incident on the hologram at an oblique angle. Each of the images is encoded by a subset of metamaterial elements that are resonant at the specific excitation frequency and are spatially positioned to achieve a desired phase distribution in the plane in conjunction with the reference wave. The phase-only hologram is optimized using the Gerschberg–Saxton algorithm. The four well-defined images are produced at specific distances within the Fresnel zone of the aperture.
The Social Validity of Telepractice among Spanish-Speaking Caregivers of English Learners: An Examination of Moderators

The purpose of the present paper was to examine the social validity of telepractice as a service delivery model for Spanish-speaking families of English learners. Quantitative survey methodology was employed to examine 79 caregivers' opinions regarding telepractice and to obtain background information about participants' home environments. Findings revealed that approximately 46% of the participant sample reported being interested in their children receiving services via telepractice. Caregivers reported limited familiarity with telepractice as an option, but were likely to express interest if their child had an identified speech or language disorder or if they were interested in increased access to Spanish language support for their children. In conclusion, although telepractice is not universally accepted among Spanish-speaking families, it appears to be a promising service delivery model. It is recommended that service providers offer thorough information and address common myths when considering telepractice as a service delivery model for families.
Future of Big Data in Management Consulting

This chapter discusses the outlooks of management consulting, the interface with data science and the disruptive impact that new information technologies will have on the management consulting industry. The first part of this chapter presents key insights from the literature. The second part engages the reader into a scenario analysis that builds on these insights and starts imagining what the future of management consulting might look like.
Review: Biodegradable Polymeric Scaffolds. Improvements in Bone Tissue Engineering through Controlled Drug Delivery

Recent advances in biology, medicine, and engineering have led to the discovery of new therapeutic agents and novel materials for the repair of large bone defects caused by trauma, congenital defects, or bone tumors. These repair strategies often utilize degradable polymeric scaffolds for the controlled localized delivery of bioactive molecules to stimulate bone ingrowth as the scaffold degrades. Polymer composition, hydrophobicity, crystallinity, and degradability will affect the rate of drug release from these scaffolds, as well as the rate of tissue ingrowth. Accordingly, this chapter examines the wide range of synthetic degradable polymers utilized for osteogenic drug delivery. Additionally, the therapeutic proteins involved in bone formation and in the stimulation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and progenitor cells are reviewed to direct attention to the many critical issues influencing effective scaffold design for bone repair.
Adverse reactions to fluconazole: illustrative case with focus on desensitization

Fluconazole is an azole antifungal agent. Because it can be taken orally, it is preferred over amphotericin B for long-term treatment. Indications for fluconazole are increasing. Reports of hypersensitivity have been described. If adequate alternative therapy is not available, desensitization may be necessary. Desensitization with fluconazole has not been described. The patient described in this report required fluconazole and was successfully desensitized after manifesting a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. The patient underwent desensitization during a 15-day period. The starting dose was less than 0.001 dose, with doubling each day. During desensitization, the patient experienced a slight transient rash that resolved with continued therapy. After desensitization, he has continued using fluconazole daily without adverse effects. This report indicates that desensitization to fluconazole can be accomplished safely in selected patients. A suggested desensitization protocol is provided.
High Stakes and Low Bars: How International Recognition Shapes the Conduct of Civil Wars

When rebel groups engage incumbent governments in war for control of the state, questions of international recognition arise. International recognition determines which combatants can draw on state...
Founding the First PhD in Black Studies: A Sankofa Remembrance and Critical Assessment of Its Significance:

Clearly, the founding of the first PhD program in Black Studies at Temple University under the leadership of Molefi Kete Asante is a major, defining, and transformative achievement in the advanceme...
Intercultural Comparison of E-Learning Behaviors of Chinese vs. American Students

This paper focuses on E-learning and intercultural studies of Chinese and American students. The paper is divided into six sections including Introduction, Intercultural Comparisons of Chinese and American Students, E-learning, Instructional Design for E-Learning, Cultural Theory for E-learning, and Conclusion. As a practical result, this paper is useful to researchers and practitioners who wish to know and understand cultural differences and E-Learning behaviors of Chinese and American students. This knowledge could enhance online teacher-student interactions, improve E-learning outcomes, and identify salient cultural communication differences.
Patient Reported Outcomes Have Arrived: A Practical Overview for Clinicians in Using Patient Reported Outcomes in Oncology

Ensuring that the patient's voice is routinely incorporated in all aspects of health care in oncology is essential to provide quality care. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are standardized measures that are used to obtain the patient's perspective and are increasingly used in all aspects of health care to ensure optimal delivery of patient-centered care. The US Food and Drug Administration encourages that PROs be used in studies for label indications. There are no uniform standardized methods to use PROs nor is there consensus on which PROs are best for regulatory approval, comparative effectiveness research, toxicity assessment, health-related quality of life, or symptom monitoring. For this review, we conducted a literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar, and herein summarize the evidence related to the use of PROs in clinic care and research. Using valid, reliable, and easily interpretable PROs developed in comparable populations will provide the most useful results. Various ways that PROs can be used successfully in oncology have been exemplified in this overview to provide clinicians and researchers practical guidance.
Effects of Locomotion on Visual Responses in the Mouse Superior Colliculus

Visual responses are extensively shaped by internal factors. This effect is drastic in the primary visual cortex (V1), where locomotion profoundly increases visually-evoked responses. Here we investigate whether a similar effect exists in another major visual structure, the superior colliculus (SC). By performing two-photon calcium imaging of head-fixed male and female mice running on a treadmill, we find that only a minority of neurons in the most superficial lamina of the SC display significant changes during locomotion. This modulation includes both increase and decrease in response amplitude and is similar between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The overall change in the SC is small, whereas V1 responses almost double during locomotion. Additionally, SC neurons display lower response variability and less spontaneous activity than V1 neurons. Together, these experiments indicate that locomotion-dependent modulation is not a widespread phenomenon in the early visual system and that the SC and V1 use different strategies to encode visual information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Visual information captured by the retina is processed in parallel through two major pathways, one reaching the primary visual cortex through the thalamus, and the other projecting to the superior colliculus. The two pathways then merge in the higher areas of the visual cortex. Recent studies have shown that behavioral state such as locomotion is an essential component of vision and can strongly affect visual responses in the thalamocortical pathway. Here we demonstrate that neurons in the mouse superior colliculus and primary visual cortex display striking differences in their modulation by locomotion, as well as in response variability and spontaneous activity. Our results reveal an important "division of labor" in visual processing between these two evolutionarily distinct structures.
Andrew connolly, marketing director at virbac, responds.

Thank you for allowing us the opportunity to respond to Alison McGettigan regarding the discontinuation of our product, Ovarid (Megestrol acetate). > We were forced …
The Next Dimension of Detection: Biomechanical Analysis of Tissue using Optical Elastography

Over the past several decades, researchers have focused on developing diagnostic techniques to correlate disease state to a wide range of chemical and biological biomarkers such as antibodies, antigens, and genetic indicators[1]. While numerous nanotechnologies have been successfully invented, they all hinge on the accuracy of the underlying assumption: the presence of the biochemical or genetic indicator is an accurate predictor of disease. Recent results in the field of oncology imply that this causal relationship may not be at the molecular level, or, at least, it may not be limited to the molecular level. Specifically, researchers have found that cancer and cancer growth can be influenced by the mechanical and physical environment that surrounds the tumor[2, 3]. This information is not captured in the previously detected biomarkers and thus, this missing information may shed light on why tumors with very similar molecular profiles can have very different progressions. However, to reveal this information, it is necessary to measure the mechanical properties of the microenvironment around the tumor with micronscale precision.
Pediatric Dental Education Improves Interprofessional Healthcare Students' Clinical Competence in Children's Oral Health Assessment.

Primary care and healthcare providers can facilitate children’s timely referral to a dental home. However, there are few studies of providers’ oral health knowledge and clinical skills. This study aims to improve future healthcare providers’ knowledge, confidence, attitude, and clinical competence in assessing children’s oral health. Sixty-five health professional students participated in a 10-week didactic and clinical curriculum on children’s oral health. Fifty students completed pre- and post-training questionnaires and were assessed in their knowledge, confidence, and attitude. Calibrated examiners graded students’ clinical skills on a 24-point grading criterion. Descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, and Pearson correlation were used in data analyses. Students were in dentistry (46%), nursing (28%), medicine (22%), and pharmacy (3%). Students significantly improved in knowledge (t = −7.71, p < 0.001), confidence (t = −10.30, p = <0.001), and attitude (t = −4.24, p = <0.001). Students on average scored 83% on clinical competence, with the highest average for fluoride varnish application (96%) and lowest for providing anticipatory guidance (69%). There was a moderate correlation between improvement in knowledge and their clinical skills (r = 0.39, p = 0.010). Interprofessional education improves students’ knowledge, confidence, attitude, and clinical competence in assessing children’s oral health. Such education is necessary in guiding future providers to gain adequate competence in serving children’s oral health needs.
Independent Validation of the Colloid Cyst Risk Score to Predict Symptoms and Hydrocephalus in Patients with Colloid Cysts of the Third Ventricle.

Background The Colloid Cyst Risk Score (CCRS) was devised to identify patients with symptomatic colloid cyst and stratify risk of hydrocephalus. The CCRS considers patient age, presence of headache, colloid cyst diameter, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity, and location within the third ventricle. Objective The purpose of this study was to independently evaluate the validity of the CCRS. Methods Patients with a colloid cyst of the third ventricle were identified retrospectively from institutional billing records and radiology report archives. Patients without a confirmed diagnosis of colloid cyst of the third ventricle or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were excluded. Data were collected via retrospective chart review. Results One hundred and fifty-six patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. In our cohort, the CCRS stratified symptomatic patients and patients with hydrocephalus across all scores (P Conclusions Our data analysis validates the predictive value of the CCRS for both symptomatic status and hydrocephalus and supports the use of the CCRS in risk stratification and clinical decision making.
Which Bad News to Choose? The Influence of Race and Social Identity on Story Selections Within Negative News Contexts:

This study provides a clearer understanding of how audience members’ race influences their media choices. It finds that in today’s overwhelmingly negative media environment, people prefer reading n...
Optimal Coordination of HVAC Scheduling for Commercial Buildings

Commercial buildings are spending tens of millions of dollars on energy every year. Part of the energy cost can be saved by optimizing the operation of these buildings. This paper proposes an optimal scheduling solution for the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems that serve a university campus. The proposed solution aims at minimizing the total energy cost of the campus by coordinating the operation of HVAC systems in multiple buildings under the time-of-use (TOU) tariff framework. The proposed methodology maintains the temperature comfort level while taking into consideration the distribution feeder constraints and power losses. To obtain the optimal scheduling, the power consumption model and the building temperature prediction model are obtained using a data-driven method. Then, the models are embedded into a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) problem that solves the optimal scheduling of HVAC. The data-driven model is trained and calibrated using actual historical data and the optimization is done under TOU framework.
Power decreases the moral condemnation of disgust-inducing transgressions

Abstract Across seven studies (five preregistered), we show that power reduces the degree to which people morally condemn transgressions that elicit disgust. This effect is explained by power reducing the subjective experience of disgust instead of the categorization of behaviors as disgusting. Power does not reliably reduce other negative emotions besides disgust and the impact of power on disgust and moral judgment is attenuated when participants are instructed to appraise impure behaviors as dangerous. These findings challenge the idea that power always increases the severity of moral judgments, shed light on the specific mechanisms by which power colors our judgments of moral right and wrong, and expand theorizing on the impact of power on emotions and moral judgment.
Direct Torque Model Predictive Control of a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Polyphase permanent magnet synchronous motors exhibit outstanding advantages over the traditional three-phase traction motors in electrified transportation applications. This article introduces a novel direct torque model predictive control technique aiming at developing a highly reliable, loss-minimizing, and energy-efficient five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. Leveraging the underlying constrained optimization process, the direct torque model predictive control approach optimizes the torque delivery and speed regulation quality, improves the flux and torque ripples, reduces higher order current harmonics, minimizes motor drive losses, and boosts power efficiency of the electric powertrain. dSPACE DS1104 hardware-in-the-loop and computer simulation studies are jointly utilized to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed direct torque model predictive control approach in polyphase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive applications.
Neurologic Complications of Preoperative Embolization of Spinal Metastasis: A Systemic Review of the Literature Identifying Distinct Mechanisms of Injury

Background Preoperative embolization of spinal metastases may improve outcomes of resection by reducing surgical blood loss and operative time. Neurologic complications are rarely reported and the mechanisms leading to injury are poorly described. Methods We present 2 illustrative cases of embolization-related neurologic injury from distinct mechanisms and the findings of a systemic literature review of similar complications according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results A 77-year-old man with a history of renal cell carcinoma presented with gait dyscoordination and arm pain/weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a C7/T1 mass causing severe compression of the C7/T1 roots and spinal cord. After embolization and tumor resection/fusion, lethargy prompted imaging showing multiple posterior circulation infarcts believed to be secondary to reflux of embolic particles. A 75-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma presented with L1 level metastasis causing conus compression and experienced paraplegia after superselective particle embolization presumed to be secondary to flow disruption of the artery of Adamkiewicz. Analysis of the literature yielded 6 articles reporting instances of cranial infarction/ischemia occurring in 10 patients, 12 articles reporting spinal cord ischemia/infarction occurring in 17 patients, and 5 articles reporting symptomatic postembolization tumoral swelling in 5 patients. Conclusions Neurologic injury is a risk of preoperative embolization of spinal metastasis from either compromise of spinal cord vascular supply or cranial stroke from reflux of embolic particles. Postprocedural tumor swelling rarely leads to clinical deficit. Awareness of these complications and the presumed mechanisms of injury may aid clinicians in implementing interventions and in counseling patients before treatment.
Abstract 14: Glyburide Treatment Improves Aortic Arch Pulse Wave Velocity In A Murine Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease

Brain hyperexcitability is a defining feature of AD, where aberrant neuronal activity may be both a cause and consequence of the pathology. Identifying novel targets to modulate cellular excitabili...
Social vulnerability determinants of individual social capital for emergency preparedness

The study uses data from the 2008 General Social Survey to construct a goal-specific individual social capital for emergency preparedness (ISCEP) scale. It draws on social vulnerability theory to propose determinants of ISCEP and ordinary least squares (OLS) to estimate the coefficients of the regressions. The study findings contribute to extant scholarship about the role of investing in human capital on social capital outcomes. It also supports the idea that communication among groups nourishes individual social capital and that policymakers should invest in policy narratives that shape perceptions of residents for emergency-related social capital that they would like to promote. Overall, the study makes three novel contributions to the scholarship. First, social capital should be goal-specific and measured at the individual level as ISCEP to understand its formation. Second, ISCEP should be studied as an outcome variable and not only as a causal variable, and lastly, social vulnerability provides a theoretical framework for investigating determinants of ISCEP.
757 Intratumoral delivery CD40 agonist antibody via novel nanofluidic drug-eluting seed reduced tumor burden of murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with extremely poor prognosis and a 5-year survival rate of 10% and remains a lethal malignancy. Surgical resection and combination with chemoradiotherapy are the current standard-of-care options, may improve long-term survival in localized disease; however, the majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced stage. The incorporation of immunotherapy in the treatment algorithm convenes a new era for PDAC treatment. Several immunotherapy approaches have been investigating for treating PDAC such as checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and so on. Immunotherapy has been shown as a promising therapeutic method for many cancer types; however, the complexity and immunosuppressive of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) results in limited treatment efficacy for PDAC. Methods To sensitize the TME in response to immunotherapy, we developed an implantable intratumoral drug delivery device, Nanofluidic Drug-Eluting Seed (NDES) can be injected via a minimally invasive trocar system that feasible for the clinical setting. NDES has shown efficiently delivered immunotherapy to murine breast cancer model and reduced tumor burden and showed low liver inflammation compared to the intraperitoneal delivery approach in the previous study.1 2 Here, we utilized NDES for the sustained intratumoral delivery of the CD40 antibody. We compared the efficacy of NDES against intraperitoneal and intratumoral administration, which mimics conventional systemic treatment. Tumor growth was investigated for treatment efficacy. Local and systemic immune responses were assessed via flow cytometry. Results NDES delivered CD40 significantly reduced tumor burden, some even achieved tumor clearance. Local NDES CD40 delivery approach showed a systemic increase of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node and spleen by flow cytometry. Furthermore, NDES CD40 treated mice showed an increase of CD8+ and CD4+ central memory T cells locally and systemically. We also investigated the combination with radiotherapy, no significant difference in tumor burden was observed when compared to single-agent CD40 antibody. The results indicated CD40 promotes TME response and improved treatment efficacy. Conclusions These immunological responses demonstrate ‘cold’ to ‘hot’ tumor transformation, which translated to tumor burden reduction. Overall, NDES delivery strategy offers promise for enhancing therapeutic index and transforming the landscape of PDAC tumor therapy. References Liu H-C, Viswanath D, Pesaresi F, et al. Potentiating antitumor efficacy through radiation and sustained intratumoral delivery of anti-CD40 and anti-PDL1. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020;S0360-3016(20)33745-7. Chua CYX, Jain P, et al. Nanofluidic drug-eluting seed for sustained intratumoral immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2018;285:23–34.
Reducing Writing Apprehension in Undergraduate Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management Students

The quality of undergraduate student writing is cause for concern among academics and industry professionals alike. Because writing apprehension is thought to be a contributing factor in the curren...
Report of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Task Force on Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic: Executive Summary.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic forced consultation-liaison psychiatrists to adapt to unprecedented circumstances. The Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (ACLP) recognized the need and opportunity to assess its response and convened a task force in mid-2020 to review the lessons learned from the initial experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective The aim of the study was to summarize experience and make recommendations to the ACLP Board of Directors about potential ACLP directions related to current and future pandemic response. Methods In August–November 2020, the task force reviewed local experiences, ACLP list-serv contributions, and the published literature and generated recommendations for ACLP actions. Results Recommendations addressed telepsychiatry, hospital staff wellness, support for consultation-liaison psychiatrists, the need for additional research on psychiatric and neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19, and the ACLP's role in advocacy and dissemination of information. The task force report was submitted to the ACLP Board of Directors in November 2020. Conclusions As the preeminent organization of consultation-liaison psychiatrists, the ACLP can implement actions related to pandemic awareness and preparedness for the benefit of consultation-liaison psychiatrists, other health care workers, patients, and the general population.
Endovascular embolization of high-grade cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas - assessment of long-term recurrences.

Introduction Endovascular therapy has shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas; however, recurrence after complete occlusion is not uncommon, and the timing of recurrence remains unknown. Methods A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted from January 2005 to December 2020. Patients with high-grade (≥Borden II-Cognard IIB) dural arteriovenous fistulas treated with endovascular therapy were included in this study. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were collected for hospitalization and at follow-up. Results A total of 51 patients with a median age of 61 years were studied; 57% were female. High-flow symptoms related to the high-flow fistula were the most common presentation (67%), and 24% presented with intracranial hemorrhage. Transverse-sigmoid (26%) and cavernous (26%) sinuses were the most common dural arteriovenous fistula locations. A total of 40 patients (70%) had middle meningeal arterial feeders and 4 (7%) had deep cerebral venous drainage. The mean number of embolization procedures per patient was 1.4. Transarterial access was the most frequent approach (61%). Onyx alone was the most common embolic agent (26%). Complete occlusion rate was achieved in 46 patients (80.1%). Last mean radiographic follow-up time was 26.7 months for all 57 dural arteriovenous fistulas. Dural arteriovenous fistula recurrence after radiographic resolution at last treatment was seen in six cases (6/46, 13.1%). Mean time for recurrence was 15.8 months. Mean time of last clinical follow-up was 46.1 months for the 51 patients (100%). A total of 10 (20%) experienced any procedural complications, among which two (4%) became major thromboembolic events. Conclusion Endovascular therapy is safe and effective for the treatment of high-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas. Given the significant recurrence rate of embolized dural arteriovenous fistulas even after 2 years, long-term angiographic follow-up might be needed.
Microbial Penicillinase in Soft Types of Cheese

Penicillinase activity was found in commercial samples of Limburger, Liederkranz, and Brick, as well as in Roquefort and Danish Blue cheeses. The numbers of penicillinase-producing bacteria in the cheese flora were estimated by use of the most probable numbers technique coupled with penicillinase determinations on the individual cultures. Although streptococci constituted the predominant flora in most of the samples, significant numbers of penicillinase-producing bacteria were also observed. Six of seven penicillinase-producing isolates that were studied in detail were micrococci; the other was an unidentified gram-positive, catalase-positive rod. The results suggest the widespread occurrence of penicillinase-forming micrococci on the surfaces of soft types of cheese.