cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an in vitro model of hepatic inflammatory response by gene expression profiling.

The body's response to biochemical stress involves coordinated changes in the expression of several sets of genes that regulate its return to homeostasis. Although several cell culture systems have been utilized for studying such complex physiological events in vitro, their assessment has been limited to biochemical assays on individual genes and proteins, limiting interpretation of the results in a systems context. Advances in genomics provide an opportunity to provide a more comprehensive assessment. In this study, we have used DNA microarrays to profile gene expression dynamics during interleukin 6-stimulated inflammation in hepatocytes maintained in a stable, collagen doublegel in vitro model system. The observed expression profile was also compared with that obtained from rat liver tissue after burn injury to determine the extent and nature of responses captured by the in vitro system. Our results indicate that several aspects of the in vivo hepatic inflammatory response can be captured by the in vit...
Use of A-scan for penetration control during dual-frequency ultrasound thermal therapy of superficial tissues overlaying bone and lung

An ultrasonic system capable of Lateral Power Conformability, Penetration Depth Control (PDC), and the ability to deliver hyperthermia concomitantly with external beam radiation is being developed. PDC is achieved by simultaneously insonating with beams of low (1 MHz) and high (5 MHz) frequency. This paper presents a sono-thermal numerical evaluation of the impact of PDC on thermal dose in the treatment of chest wall volumes. The main goal is to assess the potential advantages of impedance-mismatched interface depth-mapping, using therapy transducers in A-scan mode, to select optimal relative output intensities of the beams as a function of bone and lung depths. Simulation results for a representative chest wall anatomy showed that there exists a strong relationship between optimal relative output intensities and bone/lung depth for maximum thermal dose and minimum muscle-bone interface temperature. Consequently, interface depth-mapping prior to a dual- frequency ultrasound hyperthermia treatment would provide patient-specific data useful for selecting PDC parameters that maximize thermal dose and minimize bone heating.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An efficient computational method for nonlinear three-dimensional wave-wave and wave-body interactions

We develop and apply a highly efficient computational method for the study of three-dimensional nonlinear wave dynamics and interactions with floating bodies and bottom topography. Similarly to the classical boundary element methods, this method is based on the boundary integral equation formulation in the context of potential flow assumptions. In solving the integral equation, however, it employs a highly efficient fast Fourier transform technique for the calculation of far-field influences of boundary source/dipole distributions without an explicit realization of the influence coefficient matrix. As a result, the computational cost associated with the boundary-value solution at each time in the simulation of nonlinear wave-wave and wave-body interactions is reduced to O(NlnN) in comparison to the requisite O(N2) effort of the classical methods, where N is the total number of boundary unknowns. The focus of this paper is on the development of the method and investigation of the features and dependence of its efficiency and accuracy on physical and computational parameters.
Effects of processing steps on the contents of minor compounds and oxidation of soybean oil

The processes of degumming, alkali refining, bleaching and deodorization removed 99.8% phospholipids, 90.7% iron, 100% chlorophyll, 97.3% free fatty acids and 31.8% tocopherols from crude soybean oil. The correlation coefficient between the removals of phosphorus and iron in soybean oil during processing was r = 0.99. The relative ratios of α-, β -, γ- and δ-tocopherols in crude oil, degummed oil, refined oil, bleached oil and deodorized soybean oil were almost constant, γ- and δ -tocopherols represented more than 94% of tocopherols in soybean oil. The order of oxidation stability of oil is crude > deodorized > degummed > refined > bleached oil.
Systematics of West African skinks in the Chalcides thierryi group: Composition, distribution, and redescription of types

Abstract The taxonomic status of the West African skink taxa Chalcides pulchellus and C. thierryi have fluctuated in the literature since their original descriptions a century ago. Until recently, C. pulchellus was known only from the holotype, but recent collecting has increased the number of specimens to nine, which allows more robust comparisons with C. thierryi. A Principal Components Analysis of fourteen measurements indicated distinct and non‐overlapping clusters for each taxon. Chalcides pulchellus has an additional phalanx in Toe IV compared to C. thierryi, and significant differences in numbers of dorsal scales around midbody, ventrals, subdigital lamellae of Toe IV, and presacral vertebrae exist between the taxa. The types of both valid species are redescribed in detail and natural history information is summarized.
Graphics optimization for J2ME compatible mobile phones

Nowadays the high-resolution color screen becomes an inseparable component of modern mobile phones. Popular games, movies and 3D graphics capabilities require effective image rendering which is a task for both hardware and software engineers. The article is dedicated to the acceleration of low level graphics for J2ME based applications. It covers several aspects: algorithmic optimizations, use of embedded hardware accelerators, graphics performance measurement. Some high speed 2D graphics algorithms and most popular J2ME graphics benchmarks are considered. The issues related to the use of hardware graphics accelerators are discussed. And finally, practical results of low-level graphics optimization on Motorola phones are shown.
Validity on Trial: Psychometric and Legal Conceptualizations of Validity

The psychometric literature is replete with comprehensive discussions of test validity, test validation, and the characteristics of quality assessment programs. The most authoritative source for guidance regarding sound test development and evaluation practices is the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. However, the Standards are not legally binding. In this article, we review the way in which validity is conceptualized in the Standards and compare this conceptualization with validity evidence presented in specific court cases involving legal challenges to tests. Our review indicates that, in general, there is strong congruence between the Standards and how validity is viewed in the courts, and that testing agencies that conform to these guidelines are likely to withstand legal scrutiny. However, the courts have taken a more practical, less theoretical view on validity and tend to emphasize evidence based on test content and testing consequences.
Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002

The moment magnitude (M) 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 triggered thousands of landslides, primarily rock falls and rock slides, that ranged in volume from rock falls of a few cubic meters to rock avalanches having volumes as great as 20 � 10 6 m 3 . The pattern of landsliding was unusual: the number and concentration of triggered slides was much less than expected for an earthquake of this magnitude, and the landslides were concentrated in a narrow zone about 30-km wide that straddled the fault-rupture zone over its entire 300-km length. Despite the overall sparse landslide concentration, the earthquake triggered several large rock avalanches that clustered along the western third of the rupture zone where acceleration levels and ground-shaking frequencies are thought to have been the highest. Inferences about near-field strong-shaking characteristics drawn from interpretation of the landslide distribution are strikingly consistent with results of recent inversion modeling that indicate that high-frequency energy generation was greatest in the western part of the fault-rupture zone and decreased markedly to the east. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Non-linear effects in direct radiator loudspeaker systems

Summary form only given, as follows. The theory developed by Small points out the need for determining the displacement volume of a loudspeaker driver. Methods I or measuring displacement volume will be given. The contribution from suspension non-linearity will be shown to be of minor importance. Non-linearity in the driving motor will be related to the resulting amplitude modulation distortion.
Learning explicit rules in a neural network

The authors propose an architecture called RuleNet, which, based on knowledge of the task domain, allows for the extraction of symbolic condition-action rules from the connection strengths in a neural net. By exploiting constraints inherent in the domain of symbolic string-to-string mappings, RuleNet can learn to induce explicit symbolic condition-action rules from examples. These rules represent a powerful representational language with which to describe the inner workings of a network. In addition, they facilitate faster learning and generalize perfectly to further examples that follow the rules. This formal string manipulation task can be viewed as an abstraction of several interesting cognitive models in the connectionist literature, such as case role assignment or translating English text into phonetic symbols. >
A prospective discussion of past international nutrition catastrophes — Indications for the future

Abstract It is of interest that, aside from starvation, the nutrition catastrophes of the past, including scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)resulting from lack of fresh vegetables and fruit and beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency) from consumption of polished rice, are forgotten and only of interest as history. The problems of vitamins were largely considered settled by the 1950s. With the appearance on the market of multiple-vitamin-and-mineral tablets, the public was also satisfied and considered the problem of deficiencies solved. Now we are faced with unexpected nutrition problems primarily in the industrial West, which follow from the excess of dietary fats, the refining of grains to make white flour, and the alteration of other natural foods for general use. As we labor to understand and control these problems, new and unexpected “toxins,” deficiencies, or excesses may develop. This article is a brief historical account of the past based largely on personal experiences and my concern for the future. The realization that the Western industrial world's high-fat diet was profoundly unhealthy has led to an attempt at correction by development of numerous low-fat foods. Unsaturated vegetable oils and saturated animal fats are being reduced or eliminated. In their place, other components and compounds are being substituted for their taste and consistency, without adequate concern for their nutritional value or freedom from toxicity. Before continuing this risk, the health of the world's population must be considered. Our past experiences with chemical and mechanical alteration of foods, and its effect on the nutrition of every man, woman, and child in the Western world, primarily in industrial North America, should not be forgotten.
Chemisorption of a thiol-functionalized ruthenium dye on zinc oxide nanoparticles: Implications for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract ZnO is an alternative to TiO 2 -based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Adsorption of cis -ruthenium-bis[2,2′-bipyridine]-bis[4-thiopyridine] onto ZnO nanorods has been studied using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS and UPS). XPS indicates chemisorption with a surface density of ca. 1 × 10 15 molecules/cm 2 , confirming the possibility of using thiol-terminated dyes for ZnO-based DSSC devices. The energy level diagram, based on UPS and absorbance spectroscopy, indicates that the LUMO of this dye is lower in energy than the ZnO conduction band edge, providing minimal enthalpic driving force for photovoltaic electron injection. However, optimization of thiol-functionalized Ru dyes could result in competitive ZnO-based DSSCs.
Neurologic symptoms and neuropathologic antibodies in poultry workers exposed to Campylobacter jejuni.

Objectives: To examine associations between occupational exposure to live poultry with Campylobacter exposure, Campylobacterassociated neurologic symptoms, and neuropathologic antibodies. Methods: Questionnaires, serum samples, and stool specimens were collected from 20 poultry workers and 40 community referents. Campylobacter exposure was evaluated by stool culture and serum antibodies; neurologic symptoms were assessed by questionnaire; and neuropathologic antibodies were measured by serum anti-glycolipid antibody concentrations. Results: Poultry workers had significantly higher antiCampylobacter immunoglobulin G titers compared with that of referents (P 0.05); they were significantly more likely to report multiple Campylobacter-associated neurologic symptoms; and male poultry workers had a higher point risk estimate for detectable neuropathologic anti-glycolipid immunoglobulin G titers (P 0.07) compared with male referents. Conclusions: These data suggest that poultry workers are at elevated risk of Campylobacter exposure and may be at elevated risk for Campylobacter-associated neurologic sequelae. (J Occup Environ Med. 2007;49:748–755)
Predictors of Detention Among Juveniles Referred for a Court Clinic Forensic Evaluation

Juvenile offenders have disproportionately high rates of psychiatric and substance use disorders relative to their nonoffending counterparts. Less is known about the impact of psychiatric and substance use disorders on repeat juvenile justice involvement among juveniles specifically referred for forensic mental health evaluations. We describe the demographic, psychiatric, and legal history background of 404 juveniles who underwent a court clinic forensic mental health evaluation, and we examine the association between these factors and detention rates of 20 percent over a 12-month postevaluation period. After accounting for known predictors of reoffending, such as prior offense history and externalizing disorders, dual diagnosis (i.e., co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders) remained a salient predictor of future detention. Consistent with prior literature on juvenile offending, substance use may greatly enhance the likelihood of subsequent detention.
Body temperature and analgesic effects of selective δ1 and δ2 opioid receptor agonists microdialyzed into the POAH and PAG of freely moving rats

The present study was designed to investigate the role of δ-receptor subtypes in specific brain regions on antinociception and body temperature (Tb). [D-Pen 2,5 ]enkephalin (DPDPO), a δ 1 -preferring receptor agonist (δ 1 >δ 2 ), and [D-Ala 2 , Glu 4 ]deltorghin (DOLT), a δ 2 receptor agonist, were microdialyzed into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) or the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH) of freely moving rats. In the PAG, DPDPO (3.3 nmol/μl) and DOLT (4 nmol/μl) produced analgesic responses, 71.6% and 64.8% maximum possible analgesia (%MPA), respectively, in the cold water tail-flick test (CWT)
Can computationally designed protein sequences improve secondary structure prediction

Abstract : Computational sequence design methods are used to engineer proteins with desired properties such as increased thermal stability and novel function. In addition, these algorithms can be used to identify an envelope of sequences that may be compatible with a particular protein fold topology. In this regard, we hypothesized that sequence-property prediction, specifically secondary structure, could be significantly enhanced by using a large database of computationally designed sequences. We performed a large-scale test of this hypothesis with 6511 diverse protein domains and 50 designed sequences per domain. After analysis of the inherent accuracy of the designed sequences database, we realized that it was necessary to put constraints on what fraction of the native sequence should be allowed to change. With mutational constraints, accuracy was improved vs. no constraints, but the diversity of designed sequences, and hence effective size of the database, was moderately reduced. Overall, the best three-state prediction accuracy (Q3) that we achieved was nearly a percentage point improved over using a natural sequence database alone, well below the theoretical possibility for improvement of 8-10 percentage points. Furthermore, our nascent method was used to augment the state-of-the-art PSIPRED program by a percentage point.
A high-quality low-delay remote rendering system for 3D video

As an emerging technology, 3D video has shown a great potential to become the next generation media for tele-immersion. However, streaming and rendering this dynamic 3D data in real-time requires tremendous network bandwidth and computing resources. In this paper, we build a remote rendering model to better study different remote rendering designs and define 3D video rendering as an optimization problem. Moreover, we design a 3D video remote rendering system that significantly reduces the delay while maintaining high rendering quality. We also propose a reference viewpoint prediction algorithm with super sampling support that requires much less computation resources but provides better performance than the search-based algorithms proposed in the related work.
Surface and Internal Crystallization in Glasses as Determined by Differential Thermal Analysis

A differential thermal analysis (DTA) method has been developed that identifies and distinguishes surface and internal (volume) crystallization in glasses. This method is fast, convenient, and requires only a small quantity of sample, ∼500 mg, to identify the dominant crystallization, surface versus internal, in the glass. In this method, either the maximum height of the DTA crystallization peak, (δT”)p, or the ratio T2p/(ΔT)p, where Tp is the temperature at (δT)p and (ΔT)p the peak half width, is plotted as a function of particle size. The composition of the glasses that have been investigated in the present work include (in mol%) 33.3BaO 66.7SiO2 (BS2), 20Na2O-80TeO2 (NT4), 22.2PbOll.lNb2O5 66.7TeO2 (PNT), 66.7PbO10.0Bi2O3-23.3Ga2O3 (PBG), and xLi2O(100 - x)SiO2 (lithium silicate, x = 33.3, 35, 37, and 40 mol%). Both (δT)p and T2p/(ΔT)p decrease with increasing particle size when surface crystallization is the dominant mechanism and increase when internal crystallization becomes predominant. The surface and internal crystallization have been identified by crystallizing the glasses at temperatures, as determined by DTA, and then examining the microstructure by scanning electron microscopy. The temperature at the crystallization peak maximum, Tp, shows no dependence on the crystallization mechanism (surface versus internal) and increases with increasing particle size for all the preceding glasses.
Respiratory Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy

In summary, the major physiologic changes that occur in pregnancy are the increased minute ventilation, which is caused by increased respiratory center sensitivity and drive; a compensated respiratory alkalosis; and a low expiratory reserve volume. The vital capacity and measures of forced expiration are well preserved. Patients who have many lung diseases tolerate pregnancy well, with the exception of those who have pulmonary hypertension or chronic respiratory insufficiency from parenchymal or neuromuscular disease.
Implementation of a Real-time Compliance Dashboard to Help Reduce SICU Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia With the Ventilator Bundle

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) causes significant morbidity and mortality in critically ill surgical patients. Recent studies suggest that the success of preventive measures is dependent on compliance with ventilator bundle parameters. Hypothesis Implementation of an electronic dashboard will improve compliance with the bundle parameters and reduce rates of VAP in our surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Design Time series analysis of VAP rates between January 2005 and July 2008, with dashboard implementation in July 2007. Setting Multidisciplinary SICU at a tertiary-care referral center with a stable case mix during the study period. Patients Patients admitted to the SICU between January 2005 and July 2008. Main Outcome Measures Infection control data were used to establish rates of VAP and total ventilator days. For the time series analysis, VAP rates were calculated as quarterly VAP events per 1000 ventilator days. Ventilator bundle compliance was analyzed after dashboard implementation. Differences between expected and observed VAP rates based on time series analysis were used to estimate the effect of intervention. Results Average compliance with the ventilator bundle improved from 39% in August 2007 to 89% in July 2008 ( P P = .01). Quarterly VAP rates were significantly reduced in the November 2007 through January 2008 and February through April 2008 periods ( P Conclusions Implementation of an electronic dashboard improved compliance with ventilator bundle measures and is associated with reduced rates of VAP in our SICU.
Dimerization of Resistin and Resistin-like Molecules Is Determined by a Single Cysteine

Resistin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipocytes. Cysteine residues comprise 11 of 94 (12%) amino acids in resistin. The arrangement of these cysteines is unique to resistin and its recently discovered family of tissue-specific secreted proteins, which have been independently termed resistin-like molecules (RELMs) and the FIZZ (found in inflammatory zone) family. Here we show that resistin is a disulfide-linked homodimer that can be converted to a monomer by reducing conditions. The intestine-specific RELM beta has similar characteristics. Remarkably, however, the adipose-enriched RELM alpha is a monomer under non-reducing conditions. We note that RELM alpha lacks a cysteine residue, closest to the cleaved N terminus, that is present in resistin and RELM beta in multiple species. Conversion of this cysteine to alanine abolishes dimerization of resistin. Thus, a single disulfide bond is necessary to connect two resistin subunits in a homodimer. The additional 10 cysteines most likely participate in intramolecular disulfide bonds that define the conserved structure of the family members. The monomeric nature of RELM alpha suggests structural and potentially functional divergence between resistin and this close family member.
A single center's experience with the bedside subdural evacuating port system: a useful alternative to traditional methods for chronic subdural hematoma evacuation

Object The traditional methods for managing symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) include evacuation via a bur hole or craniotomy, both with or without drain placement. Because chronic SDH frequently occurs in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, the bedside approach afforded by the subdural evacuating port system (SEPS) is an attractive alternative method that is performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of SEPS as compared with traditional methods. Methods A prospectively maintained database of 23 chronic SDHs treated by bur hole or craniotomy and of 23 chronic SDHs treated by SEPS drainage at Tufts Medical Center was compiled, and a retrospective chart review was performed. Information regarding demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and outcome was collected. The volume of SDH before and after treatment was semiautomatically measured using imaging software. Results There was no significant difference in initial SDH volume (94.5 cm(3) vs 112.6 cm(3), respectively; p = 0.25) or final SDH volume (31.9 cm(3) vs 28.2 cm(3), respectively; p = 0.65) between SEPS drainage and traditional methods. In addition, there was no difference in mortality (4.3% vs 9.1%, respectively; p = 0.61), length of stay (11 days vs 9.1 days, respectively; p = 0.48), or stability of subdural evacuation (94.1% vs 83.3%, respectively; p = 0.60) for the SEPS and traditional groups at an average follow-up of 12 and 15 weeks, respectively. Only 2 of 23 SDHs treated by SEPS required further treatment by bur hole or craniotomy due to inadequate evacuation of subdural blood. Conclusions The SEPS is a safe and effective alternative to traditional methods of evacuation of chronic SDHs and should be considered in patients presenting with a symptomatic chronic SDH.
Design Considerations for Vehicle-to-Vehicle IEEE 802.11p Radar in Collision Avoidance

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is expected to make a global impact on improving driver safety by alerting motorists of potential collisions, but the full safety benefit can only be realized if every vehicle is equipped with a transceiver. Motivated to provide collision avoidance for drivers of vehicles only equipped with a V2V transceiver, we develop a framework for using the V2V communication signal simultaneously as a radar without suggesting any changes to the existing V2V standards or spectrum. The theoretical system treats the IEEE 802.11p waveform as a Multi-Frequency Continuous Wave signal to estimate the velocity and range of a vehicular threat not equipped with a V2V transceiver. While spectrum and upper layers of the protocol stack can vary depending on geographic region, the IEEE 802.11p physical layer protocol is adopted globally. Restrictions in waveform design due to IEEE 802.11p standardization are considered and leveraged for enhancing the radar operations. Through a rigorous simulation treatment, the V2V radar system would be capable of detecting a head-on collision with a 35.12% accuracy using only safety message packets. If non-safety packets are included in the detection operation, then up 100% accuracy is achievable.
Free amino acids of muscle of normal and of vitamin E-deficient rabbits.

Summary1. The concentration of free amino acids and related compounds in muscle extracts from normal and from vit. E-dencient (dystrophic) rabbits has been determined by ion-exchange chromatography. 2. In the severely dystrophic animal, the levels of most of the amino acids were elevated. 3. 1-Methylhistidine, carnosine, and anserine were decreased in concentration. 4. The concentration of glycine was markedly reduced, even at the earliest stage of the disease.
Vindication for SUPPORT

A judge has dismissed a lawsuit alleging that fully informed consent was not obtained from parents of infants in the Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial, which compared two oxygen-saturation targets, both within the standard of care.
Concurrent Speed and Position Tracking of PM Brushed DC Motors

Permanent magnet brushed DC motors are essential components in a wide range of applications in which their unique benefits are explored. However, being sensitive to system based uncertainties such as external loading variation and sudden speed change has made improving the precise control of their speed and position a challenging task. To mitigate such negative effects that invariably undermine motor stability and controllability, a novel wavelet-based nonlinear time-frequency control scheme viable for the concurrent speed and position tracking of permanent magnet brushed DC motor is developed. The control approach has its foundation established in the wavelet-domain adaptive theory which allows control to be exerted in both the time and frequency domains simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller is superior to the traditional PID control in mitigating the speed and position responses of a permanent magnet brushed DC motor under severe system uncertainties.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Comparative Analysis on the Vital Capacity of Xibo and Han Ethnic Junior High School Students in Shenbei New District,Shenyang City,2014

Objective To understand the physical health status among the Xibo ethnic junior high school students,so as to provide scientific basis for working out standards for the health of students. Methods A cluster sampling method was applied to 425 high school students from Junior 1to Junior 3,weighing 40-100 kg of 2rural high schools in Shenbei new district for statistical analysis during March-May,2014. Results Of 425 high school students surveyed including Xibo and Han ethnic,the vital capacity of Xibo students was(2 391.30±697.47)ml(mean±SD),in which the male's was(2 729.38±688.58)ml and the female's was(2 124.87±580.75)ml.The vital capacity of Han students was(2 290.54±692.34)ml,in which the male's was(2 566.65±650.51)ml,the female's was(1 768.40±445.74)ml.The vital capacity of Xibo students was all higher than that of Han students(P 0.01).The vital capacity of Xibo male students in Junior 2and Junior 3was higher than that of Han male students in the same grades(P 0.05).The vital capacity of Xibo female students was higher than that of Han female students from Junior 1to Junior 3(P 0.05).The vital capacity/BMI of Xibo students was(43.92±12.51)(mean±SD),in which the male's was(49.12±11.53)and the female's was(39.82±11.74).The vital capacity/BMI of Han students was(38.81±11.56)in which the male's was(43.94±10.51)and the female's was(32.47±9.51).The vital capacity/BMI of Xibo students was higher than that in Han students in both male and female groups.The vital capacity/BMI of Xibo male students in Junior 2and Junior 3was higher than that of Han male students in the same grades(P 0.05).The vital capacity/BMI of Xibo female students was higher than that of Han female students from Junior 1to Junior 3(P 0.05). Conclusion Both vital capacity and vital capacity/BMI of Xibo male studentsare higher are than those of Han male students in Junior 2and Junior 3.Both vital capacity and vital capacity/BMI of Xibo female students are higher than those of Han female students from Junior 1to Junior 3.
Bean Sprouts Becoming the ‘New favorite’ of Modern Processed Food in the Scale Factory

Accompany with the society, economy, especially the science and technology development, the production type of the bean sprouts of traditional family workshop in China has been replaced by the procedure of 60-100 t a day, mechanization, automate, adjustable control of modern mode of production. The present development of bean sprout production compared to the conventional style is discussed. The safe norm of the processing characteristic, the hygienic security, the production standard and the market supervisory mechanism exhaustively, has discussed in our country bean sprouts factorization production sustainable development tendency, to promote bean sprout image, improve the lives quality, promote the international competitiveness of China.
Evaluation of the Pediatric Surgical Patient with Congenital Heart Disease

Children with cardiac disease who undergo noncardiac surgical procedures may encounter risks beyond those usually associated with surgical procedures. In this article, several complicating factors seen in children with heart disease are discussed, including arrhythmias, cyanosis, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and subacute bacterial endocarditis.
Coaching for ADHD and Special Needs

Parent and family coaches are a support that many families of children with special needs are turning to for assistance. Family life coaches working with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) diagnosed families need to be informed and well equipped with specific knowledge of the challenges and norms of these families. This chapter offers research and background information and tips for coaching families that have children with disabilities with emphasis on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Emotional/Behavioral/Physical Difficulties.
Commentary on: The Effects of Fat Harvesting and Preparation, Air Exposure, Obesity, and Stem Cell Enrichment on Adipocyte Viability Prior to Graft Transplantation.

The authors provide a thorough investigation into the variables affecting adipocyte viability ahead of graft transplantation.1 While several reports have examined individual components of techniques used for fat harvest, processing, and injection in relation to adipocyte survival and fat graft retention, there is a lack of systematic and objective evaluation integrating all of these factors in one study. This study is novel in its inclusion of many such variables and it is certainly unique in its integration of them into a single study involving almost fifty patients. The authors evaluated low vs high pressure lipoaspiration, decantation vs centrifugation, high vs low gravitational force centrifugation, serial syringe transfer among dissimilar calibers, ambient air exposure, and use of local anesthetic. Of particular interest is the inclusion of findings illuminating the relative frailty of the hypertrophic adipocytes of obese individuals. Moreover, their findings regarding ASC enrichment corroborate the body of knowledge extoling the benefits of cell assisted lipotransfer in graft retention.2 Similar …
Addenda to the Article “The Prepositions of Latin and Greek”

(1951). Addenda to the Article “The Prepositions of Latin and Greek”. WORD: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 250-252.
Windows into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology

After the 9/11 terror attacks, Americans were forced to think about privacy in a new way. As always, in the aftermath of a major crime story, calls for legislation were issued and those calls were ...
American Indian Grand-Families: Trauma and Services

ABSTRACTSince the United States Census Bureau began collecting data regarding grandparents raising their grandchildren, the American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population has had the highest proportion of families led by grandparents as the primary caregivers of their grandchildren. Despite this, research into AI/AN grand-families is limited. To begin to fill this gap, this qualitative study of 49 AI/AN grandparents raising grand-families (GFs) was conducted in an urban area with one of the highest AI/AN populations in the United States. Results indicated that loss and trauma within the middle generation is a central theme for GF formation. Such GFs also reported using a variety of services spanning state, tribal, and urban AI/AN programs, with educational support as a primary need articulated for their grandchildren. Surprisingly, enculturation was not mentioned as a primary driver of GF formulation. The study suggests a need for further exploration of the needs of urban-based AI/AN GFs, and that s...
Pancreaticoduodenectomy Can Be Performed Safely with Rare Employment of Surgical Drains.

Abstract Use of drain remains frequent following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) due to concern for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and anastomotic leak development. Despite controversy, a recent randomized trial suggested omitting drainage would result in a large increase in operative mortality. This study sought to comprehensively examine the effects of forgoing drainage in the large cohort of patients undergoing PD. A prospective cohort study of two consecutive groups undergoing PD was constructed. The initial group had operative drains placed in cases subjectively concerning for POPF development; the second cohort did not undergo operative drainage. Outcomes including POPF incidence, need for reintervention, and overall morbidity were examined. A total of 106 patients were evaluated in two consecutive cohorts of 53; in the first group, 30 per cent had operative drains placed; 22.6 per cent developed POPF versus 7.5 per cent of patients in the no drainage group (P = 0.06). Despite this, no significant difference in major morbidity (Clavien ≥3, 20.8% versus 17.0%) or need for procedural reintervention (18.9% versus 15.1%) was observed. A subsequent validation cohort of 237 additional patients where drains were used only in exceptional circumstances was examined. Operative drains were placed in only 3 per cent of patients (n = 7) and 90-day mortality was 1.3 per cent (n = 3). Incidence of POPF was 8.0 per cent and the overall major complication rate was 14.8 per cent. Given such findings, it appears that drainage after PD can be avoided resulting in acceptable operative morbidity and mortality in most cases.
Advancement in Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Analyses of Dietary Fatty Acids

This chapter focuses on describing the most commonly used analytical tools for the analysis of dietary FAs, namely gas chromatography (GC) for the determination of FA composition and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy mostly for the rapid quantification of total trans-FA. In addition, the novel FT-near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopic procedure, used in conjunction with chemometrics, is described for the rapid prediction of FA composition in edible fats and oils.
Safety and feasibility of platelet rich fibrin matrix injections for treatment of common urologic conditions.

Purpose Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) is used increasingly in a variety of settings. PRP injections have been used for decades to improve angiogenesis and wound healing. They have also been offered commercially in urology with little to no data on safety or efficacy. PRP could theoretically improve multiple urologic conditions, such as erectile dysfunction (ED), Peyronie's disease (PD), and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). A concern with PRP, however, is early washout, a situation potentially avoided by conversion to platelet rich fibrin matrix (PRFM). Before clinical trials can be performed, safety analysis is desirable. We reviewed an initial series of patients receiving PRFM for urologic pathology to assess safety and feasibility. Materials and methods Data were reviewed for patients treated with PRFM at our center from November 2012 to July 2017. Patients were observed immediately post-injection and at follow-up for complications and tolerability. Where applicable, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores were reviewed before and after injections for ED and/or PD. Pad use data was collected pre/post injection for SUI. Results Seventeen patients were identified, with a mean receipt of 2.1 injections per patient. Post-procedural minor adverse events were seen in 3 men, consisting of mild pain at injection site and mild penile bruising. No patients experienced complications at follow-up. No decline was observed in men completing pre/post IIEF-5 evaluations. Conclusions PRFM appears to be a safe and feasible treatment modality in patients with urologic disease. Further placebo-controlled trials are warranted.
Human Rights Against Polluters: More Than Protecting "Susceptible" Populations.

“Accountability for reasonableness” (AFR) procedures for public decisionmaking require that decisions be legally enforceable, revisable given new evidence, made in public forums, justified through ...
Fetal Growth and Its Restriction

In his essay “On being the right size,” the British geneticist, biometrician, and popularizer of science John Burdon Sanderson (JBS) Haldane (1892–1964) theorized on and presented some mathematical analysis for the optimal size of various organisms. In addition to consideration of body mass, he included surface area, weight-bearing bone structure, respiratory and circulating mechanisms, and other features of comparative anatomy and physiology (Haldane 1927). His analysis extended from insects to birds to a number of mammals which varied in size from mice to the rhinoceros. Haldane concluded “… that for every type of animal there is an optimal size” (Haldane 1927). A number of studies have disclosed that even for the fetus development follows clearly defined mathematical principles (Roberts 1906; see below). Prior to full maturity, timely growth, both physical and mental, is one of the best indicators of a fully functional physiological system and health. As is appreciated, optimal growth of the embryo-fetus and its various organs is a complex process that is a function of genetic makeup, state of maternal health, the availability of nutrients and oxygen, as well as a multitude of growth factors and hormones of maternal, placental, and fetal origin. In addition, a host of environmental factors that influence epigenetic programming play vital roles in this process. These factors are associated with physiologic, biochemical, and molecular changes, most of which are only poorly understood (Cheek 1975; Timiras 1972; Winick 1972). From mid-century onward, considerable emphasis has been placed on the mechanisms of cell division and multiplication (hyperplasia) and cell enlargement with cytoplasmic growth (hypertrophy) that result in the deposition of new tissue and change in anatomical form (Cheek 1975; Cockburn 1988; Fowden 1989; Winick 1972; Winick and Noble 1965).
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Among US Males, 2013-2016.

Background Trichomoniasis results from adhesion of Trichomonas vaginalis to the mucous membrane of the urethra or vagina. It has been estimated to have a higher incidence rate than both gonorrhea and chlamydia combined. Although females can experience both clinical symptoms and obstetrical complications, male infections are largely asymptomatic and often unreported. We aim to estimate the prevalence of trichomoniasis in US males using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Methods The NHANES database was queried for all men aged 18-59 years during the years 2013-2016. During these years, the survey included urine testing for trichomoniasis using transcription-mediated amplification. Information was also obtained regarding patient demographics and other sexually transmitted infections. Results Overall, 0.49% of men aged 18-59 years tested positive for trichomoniasis. The highest rate was seen in black men (3.6%). There was no significant association with trichomoniasis and age. Higher rates of infection were seen in smokers, those with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, men who had sex at an early age, those with less condom usage, and those with more lifetime sexual partners. Conclusion The rates of trichomonas infection in US males are lower than in women. Infections are strongly associated with black males, HSV-2 infection, and other factors known to increase rates of sexually transmitted infection. This information may be helpful for counseling, screening, and management of patients.
The Future of Style

Previous chapters have addressed a variety of ways in which style can be expressed and evoked—in production, perception, and interaction. The present chapter explores the future of style in interactive applications of artificial intelligence (AI). To do so we dissect style along various dimensions, including functions, levels, domains, and uses, in a survey of current applications and a roadmap for future innovations. We conclude that major advances will require a shift in focus from the function of production to the function of perception—and from the level of semantics to the level of aesthetics.
Phonotaxis in Female Frogs and Toads: Execution and Design of Experiments

This chapter discusses methods for testing phonotactically active female frogs and toads in playback experiments designed to assess the accuracy of sound localization or the selectivity for particular sound patterns. Procedures are suggested for inducing phonotaxis in captive females, for observing phonotactic behavior, establishing response criteria, and devising controls for motivational state and the effects of visual stimuli. Experimental design is discussed both in terms of arrangements of loudspeakers and collection and analysis of data required to address specific hypotheses.
OPTICS, ATMOSPHERIC | Airglow Instrumentation

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 5, pp 2078–2095, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Colombians in the United States: A Study of Their Well-Being

This study examined the extent to which four factors—acculturation, ethnic identity, self-esteem, and resilience—can explain the well-being of Colombian immigrants in the United States across three waves of immigration (wave 1, from 1945–1964; wave 2, from 1965–1989; and wave 3, from 1990–2008). The results indicate that of the four factors, self-esteem most correlated with and was a predictor of well-being. Participants exhibited high levels of well-being as their level of self-esteem increased. Ethnic identity negatively predicted well-being, especially for men who entered during wave 3; as the extent of their ethnic identity increased, their well-being decreased. Correspondingly, Colombians who entered as political refugees reported a lower level of well-being. This research was groundbreaking in assessing factors contributing to the well-being of Colombian immigrants and assisting in the search for appropriate scales to study this population. Although its results have to be considered with caution, the study opens doors to future research, policies, and programs regarding the mental health assessment and treatment of Colombians in the United States.
Statistical evidence for long-range space-time relationships between large earthquakes

Whether large earthquakes are triggered by other large earthquakes at very large distances, and at time scales where the triggered event is delayed by more than several days or weeks, is an open question. Here I provide statistical evidence to show that large earthquakes near the subduction zones of the Pacific plate boundary lessen significantly the average time until the next large earthquake that occurs near the boundaries of the smaller and adjacent Nazca and Cocos plates in the eastern Pacific Ocean. In addition, the existence and importance of this relationship is enriched by the finding that the larger the magnitude of the Pacific plate earthquake, the more likely it becomes that the time until the next earthquake in the distant triggered zone is less than the time since the last earthquake in the triggered zone. There are also specific regions along the western and northern Pacific plates where these relationships appear to be particularly prominent. The findings call into question the notion that the hazard of large earthquakes in distant regions is not raised following other large earthquakes, and they provide statistical evidence for relationships between earthquakes occurring months apart on different plates.
FUNCTIONAL RESILIENCE IN A SOCIAL CONTEXT: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION

Assistance with ADL disabilities reduces risk for depression and mortality, but prior research suggests that the social context in which help is provided may matter. Using data from the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, we examine how the social relationships of men and women with ADL/IADL limitations affect depressive symptoms and mortality five years later. For disabled women, proportion of kin in the network, but not source of help, is associated with increased mortality (OR=3.55, 95% CI:1.59–7.93). For disabled men, source of help, but not proportion kin, is associated with increased mortality, such that married men reliant on a non-spousal other are at greater risk than men reliant on their spouse (OR=3.42, 95% CI:1.01–11.54). Among married dependent women, strain in the spousal relationship is positively associated and having a child negatively associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. Functional resilience appears optimized when broader social resources are harnessed.