cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-varying impacts of land use and non-native brown trout on fish communities in small streams

Summary Evaluating the biological integrity of stream ecosystems requires a clear understanding of biological responses to anthropogenic stressors. Co-variation of stressors with natural landscape gradients has been shown to complicate the ability of biological assessments to detect community-level responses to anthropogenic stressors. Similarly, the co-varying occurrence of non-native species would also likely confound the ability of biological assessments to accurately determine biological integrity, although these relationships have been less studied. We compared fish communities in 99 wadeable tributaries (with catchments of 10–35 km2) of the upper Allegheny River watershed, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., to disentangle the effects of human-induced stressors associated with agricultural development, the presence of non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta) and background variation in community composition associated with natural landscape features. Multivariate analyses using both taxonomic and trait-based data revealed that environmental gradients sorted fish species into different thermal communities (coolwater versus warmwater). Layered over the shift in thermal communities was the presence of large-bodied (piscivorous) brown trout, which along with agricultural land use, was a consistent determinant of community diversity and presence–absence of nine common native species. Small-bodied taxa (minnows, darters) were the most responsive to the presence of these large non-native predators. Our results highlight how the presence of a non-native species can modify the interactions between natural and anthropogenic stressor gradients and therefore confound the ability to detect signals between land use stressors and local stream community composition. The complicated interaction between brown trout and other anthropogenic stressors documented herein is likely to be a widespread phenomenon given the global introductions of many salmonid species into systems with varying anthropogenic stressor gradients. Overall, understanding how non-native species influence stream community composition should lead to biological assessments with greater capabilities for detecting non-native effects on biological integrity relative to the more frequently evaluated land use stressors.
Improving the Patient Experience: Call Light Intervention Bundle.

Abstract Purpose Delays in call light response are a significant patient quality and safety concern. Research on call light interventions and patient outcomes has focused exclusively on adult inpatients. This project examined the impact of increasing staff awareness and workflow redesign to improve the pediatric patient experience and outcomes based on timely response. Design and Methods A quality improvement project was conducted on two pediatric medical surgical units’ (31 and 35 beds respectively) at a large Midwest academic medical center with patients' ages from to young adults. Data on staff knowledge, patient satisfaction, and fall rates was examined pre- and post-intervention of an evidence-based call light intervention bundle which included: 1) unit-based patient experience committees, 2) purposeful rounding, 3) pod buddy assignments, and 4) staff education. Results Post-intervention both units demonstrated improvement in staff knowledge on call light interventions and exhibited sustained improvement in patient satisfaction scores for promptness to call. Likelihood to recommend the hospital and satisfaction with pain control improved for one of the two units. No impact on fall rates was noted over time for either unit. Conclusions A call light intervention bundle can positively impact patient satisfaction with promptness to call lights in pediatric medical surgical hospitalized patients and their families. Unlike adult patients, a call light intervention bundle did not impact fall rates in children and further study in pediatric fall reduction strategies is needed.
Spin wave excitation in sub-micrometer thick Y3Fe5O12 films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition on garnet and silicon substrates: A comparative study

The development of yttrium iron garnet nanostructures on a silicon substrate is critically important for the integration of magnonic components with conventional electronic circuits. In this work, we present experimental data on spin wave excitation and propagation in 700 nm thick planar Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) films fabricated on gadolinium gallium garnet Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) and silicon substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The spin wave spectroscopy measurements were accomplished using a set of micro-antennas placed directly on the film surface. The data were collected in a frequency range of 0.5–7 GHz and a bias magnetic field from 0 to 2000 Oe. We compare and analyze the spectra obtained for YIG/GGG and YIG/Si. Fitting to the Kittel formula yields the effective magnetization of the samples which is compared with the results obtained by magnetometry. Application of spin wave spectroscopy for magnetic film characterization allows us to extract valuable information on the magnetic texture. Understanding the mechanis...
A dynamic threshold model for terminal investment.

Although reproductive strategies can be influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, life history theory provides a rigorous framework for explaining variation in reproductive effort. The terminal investment hypothesis proposes that a decreased expectation of future reproduction (as might arise from a mortality threat) should precipitate increased investment in current reproduction. Terminal investment has been widely studied, and a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that elicit such a response have been identified across an array of taxa. Although terminal investment is often treated as a static strategy, the level at which a cue of decreased future reproduction is sufficient to trigger increased current reproductive effort (i.e., the terminal investment threshold) may depend on the context, including the internal state of the organism or its current external environment, independent of the cue that triggers a shift in reproductive investment. Here, we review empirical studies that address the terminal investment hypothesis, exploring both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that mediate its expression. Based on these studies, we propose a novel framework within which to view the strategy of terminal investment, incorporating factors that influence an individual’s residual reproductive value beyond a terminal investment trigger—the dynamic terminal investment threshold.
The lysosomal function of progranulin, a guardian against neurodegeneration

Progranulin (PGRN), encoded by the GRN gene in humans, is a secreted growth factor implicated in a multitude of processes ranging from regulation of inflammation to wound healing and tumorigenesis. The clinical importance of PGRN became especially evident in 2006, when heterozygous mutations in the GRN gene, resulting in haploinsufficiency, were found to be one of the main causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FTLD is a clinically heterogenous disease that results in the progressive atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Despite significant research, the exact function of PGRN and its mechanistic relationship to FTLD remain unclear. However, growing evidence suggests a role for PGRN in the lysosome—most striking being that homozygous GRN mutation leads to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a lysosomal storage disease. Since this discovery, several links between PGRN and the lysosome have been established, including the existence of two independent lysosomal trafficking pathways, intralysosomal processing of PGRN into discrete functional peptides, and direct and indirect regulation of lysosomal hydrolases. Here, we summarize the cellular functions of PGRN, its roles in the nervous system, and its link to multiple neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus dedicated to recent lysosome-related mechanistic developments.
Parameterized Joint Reconstruction of the Initial Pressure and Sound Speed Distributions for Photoacoustic Computed Tomography

Accurate estimation of the initial pressure distribution in photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) depends on knowledge of the sound speed distribution. However, the sound speed distribution is t...
Radiation Therapy Alone or Combined with Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer

Radiation therapy has been used in the adjuvant setting or as a primary treatment modality for esophageal cancer. Although there are design flaws in all of the trials of adjuvant radiation therapy for esophageal cancer, there is no clear survival advantage when radiation therapy is delivered in the adjuvant setting (preoperatively or postoperatively). Phase H results of preoperative, combined modality therapy are encouraging; however, the approach remains investigational. When radiation therapy is used as a primary modality, the most favorable results are seen when it is combined with adequate doses of systemic chemotherapy. Phase III intergroup trials are in progress which are examining the effectiveness of higher doses of radiation therapy when combined with chemotherapy.
The centennial of the department of epidemiology at johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health: A century of epidemiologic discovery and education

The Department of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health was founded in 1919, with Wade Hampton Frost as inaugural chair. In our Centennial Year, we review how our research and educational programs have changed. Early years focused on doctoral education in epidemiology and some limited undergraduate training for practice. Foundational work on concepts and methods linked to the infectious diseases of the day made major contributions to study designs and analytical methodologies, largely still in use. With the epidemiologic transition from infectious to chronic disease, new methods were developed. The Department of Chronic Diseases merged with the Department of Epidemiology in 1970, under the leadership of Abraham Lilienfeld. Leon Gordis became chair in 1975, and multiple educational tracks were developed. Genetic epidemiology began in 1979, followed by advances in infectious disease epidemiology spurred by the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic. Collaborations with the Department of Medicine led to development of the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research in 1989. Between 1994 and 2008, the department experienced rapid growth in faculty and students. A new methods curriculum was instituted for upper-level epidemiologic training in 2006. Today's research projects are increasingly collaborative, taking advantage of new technologies and methods of data collection, responding to "big data" analysis challenges. In our second century, the department continues to address issues of disease etiology and epidemiologic practice.
Design and performance of closed cycle sample cooling stage for angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy capable of reaching temperatures below 2 K

We have designed, constructed, and tested a unique cold finger suitable for angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. This design is based on in situ helium reliquification and utilizes pulse tube cryocooler. The pulse tube can be removed for baking without breaking Ultra High Vacuum (UHV). This design also allows the use of non-UHV heater that can be replaced without the need to vent the system. The cold finger has minimal vibration, operates over a temperature range of 1.7 K-400 K, and has no measurable residual magnetization. In continuous mode, it can maintain a sample temperature of 2.6 K, while in single shot mode (by pumping on liquid helium), it can reach temperatures down to 1.8 K for a period of several hours.
Analyzing Flying Chameleons: Using Autoethnography to Explore Change in the Female Educator

What is a chameleon in the world of education? What defines her professionally, personally, and why? In this autoethnography, I explore the chameleon metaphor for meanings and implications in my personal and professional identity as a female educator by seeking answers to questions stemming from Mitchell and Weber (2005): Just who do I think I am? Just who do I think I am? Just who do I think I am? Just who do I think I am? I analyzed my own autobiographical journals using the four-part Listening Guide (Gilligan, Spencer, Weinberg, & Bertsch, 2003) coupled with themebased family coding to examine changes by choice and changes by force particular to my personal and professional experiences. Notions of home, belonging, and change as a journey emerged as themes that served to frame my identity and highlighted the importance of self-inquiry for educators as an applied practice within the greater context of the profession. Keywords: Autoethnography, Metaphor, Educator, Change, Female
Digest: Will invaders adapt to climate change?

One hypothesis for invasive species' success is that they show high potential to evolve in response to environmental change. Logan et al. evaluate this hypothesis in the invasive harlequin ladybeetle (Harmonia axyridis), using a breeding experiment to determine the genetic architecture of traits underlying thermal tolerance. Lack of heritable variation in some of these traits, and genetic correlations leading to trade-offs in others, suggest this species has limited potential to evolve in response to climate change.
Genetic diversity and population structure in Chrysolepis chrysophylla (golden chinquapin; Fagaceae): SSRs vs SNPs

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes on the same plant samples of Chrysolepis chrysophylla (Douglas ex Hook.) Hjelmq. (Fagaceae; golden chinquapin) from 2...
How consumption and repulsion set planetary gap depths and the final masses of gas giants

Planets open gaps in discs. Gap opening is typically modeled by considering the planetary Lindblad torque which repels disc gas away from the planet's orbit. But gaps also clear because the planet consumes local material. We present a simple, easy-to-use, analytic framework for calculating how gaps deplete and how the disc's structure as a whole changes by the combined action of Lindblad repulsion and planetary consumption. The final mass to which a gap-embedded gas giant grows is derived in tandem. The analytics are tested against 1D numerical experiments and calibrated using published multi-dimensional simulations. In viscous alpha discs, the planet, while clearing a gap, initially accretes practically all of the gas that tries to diffuse past, rapidly achieving super-Jupiter if not brown dwarf status. By contrast, in inviscid discs---that may still accrete onto their central stars by, say, magnetized winds---planets open deep, repulsion-dominated gaps. Then only a small fraction of the disc accretion flow is diverted onto the planet, which grows to a fraction of a Jupiter mass. Transitional disc cavities might be cleared by families of such low-mass objects opening inviscid, repulsion-dominated, overlapping gaps which allow most of the outer disc gas to flow unimpeded onto host stars.
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Assessment of the Penetration of Topically Applied Anthocyanins Utilizing ATR-FTIR/PLS Regression Models and HPLC-PDA-MS

Anthocyanins are natural colorants with antioxidant properties, shown to inhibit photoaging reactions and reduce symptoms of some skin diseases. However, little is known about their penetration through the stratum corneum, a prerequisite for bioactivity. The aim was to investigate anthocyanin penetration from lipophilic cosmetic formulations through the skin using a porcine ear model and human volunteers. ATR-FTIR/PLS regression and HPLC-PDA-MS were used to analyze anthocyanin permeation through the stratum corneum. Penetration of all anthocyanins was evident and correlated with molecular weight and hydrophilicity. Lower-molecular-weight (MW) anthocyanins from elderberry (449–581 Da) were more permeable within the skin in both ex vivo and in vivo models (Kp = 2.3–2.4 × 10−4 cm h−1) than the larger anthocyanins (933-1019 Da) from red radish (Kp = 2.0–2.1 × 10−4 cm h−1). Elderberry and red radish anthocyanins were found at all levels of the stratum corneum and at depths for activity as bioactive ingredients for skin health.
Adiabatically induced orbital magnetization

A semiclassical theory for the orbital magnetization due to adiabatic evolutions of Bloch electronic states is proposed. It renders a unified theory for the periodic-evolution pumped orbital magnetization and the orbital magnetoelectric response in insulators by revealing that these two phenomena are the only instances where the induced magnetization is gauge invariant. This theory also accounts for the electric-field-induced intrinsic orbital magnetization in two-dimensional metals and Chern insulators. We illustrate the orbital magnetization pumped by microscopic local rotations of atoms, which correspond to phonon modes with angular momentum, in toy models based on honeycomb lattice, and the results are comparable to the pumped spin magnetization via strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We also show the vital role of the orbital magnetoelectricity in validating the Mott relation between the intrinsic nonlinear anomalous Hall and Ettingshausen effects.
Passenger itinerary inference model for congested urban rail networks

Abstract The paper develops a data-driven approach for the inference of passenger itineraries in urban heavy rail systems, the Passenger Itinerary Inference Model (PIIM). In light of increasing demand and crowding, the model can be used to assess the impact of near capacity operations on customers, evaluate system performance, and understand passenger behavior when choosing alternative routes. PIIM uses data from Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems and is applicable to general urban rail networks with entry and exit fare transactions. PIIM consists of three main modules: the left behind model, the route fractions inference model, and the inference model. The left behind model estimates the probability of any passenger being left behind by station and time interval. The route fractions inference model estimates the route choice fractions given the left behind probabilities. The inference model maps each pair of fare transaction records (entry and exit) to a set of feasible itineraries and infers the train(s) boarded by passengers based on the left behind probabilities and the route choice fractions. Synthetic data using AFC and AVL data from a major, congested urban rail system were generated to validate the model. The results show that the model accurately predicts the itineraries used by passengers, the left behind probabilities, route choice fractions, train loads, and other performance metrics of interest. PIIM is also used with actual data to illustrate its applicability.
Learning to Learn: Didactic Efficacy and Cognitive Dissonance in the Chester Cycle

Through a close reading of the staging of miracles in the Middle English Chester cycle, this article argues for a reappraisal of the religious didacticism of the medieval mystery cycle tradition. B...
Probing tissue transglutaminase mediated vascular smooth muscle cell aging using a novel transamidation-deficient Tgm2-C277S mouse model

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a multifunctional protein of the transglutaminase family, has putative transamidation-independent functions in aging-associated vascular stiffening and dysfunction. Developing preclinical models will be critical to fully understand the physiologic relevance of TG2’s transamidation-independent activity and to identify the specific function of TG2 for therapeutic targeting. Therefore, in this study, we harnessed CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology to introduce a mutation at cysteine 277 in the active site of the mouse Tgm2 gene. Heterozygous and homozygous Tgm2-C277S mice were phenotypically normal and were born at the expected Mendelian frequency. TG2 protein was ubiquitously expressed in the Tgm2-C277S mice at levels similar to those of wild-type (WT) mice. In the Tgm2-C277S mice, TG2 transglutaminase function was successfully obliterated, but the transamidation-independent functions ascribed to GTP, fibronectin, and integrin binding were preserved. In vitro, a remodeling stimulus led to the significant loss of vascular compliance in WT mice, but not in the Tgm2-C277S or TG2−/− mice. Vascular stiffness increased with age in WT mice, as measured by pulse-wave velocity and tensile testing. Tgm2-C277S mice were protected from age-associated vascular stiffening, and TG2 knockout yielded further protection. Together, these studies show that TG2 contributes significantly to overall vascular modulus and vasoreactivity independent of its transamidation function, but that transamidation activity is a significant cause of vascular matrix stiffening during aging. Finally, the Tgm2-C277S mice can be used for in vivo studies to explore the transamidation-independent roles of TG2 in physiology and pathophysiology.
El “género” como concepto y algunas transformaciones intelectuales dentro de los estudios literarios

Hubo un tiempo, hace poco menos de medio siglo, en el que el concepto de genero cargaba consigo la promesa de un pensamiento futuro orientado a una transformacion institucional de los estudios literarios. Pero fue solo cuando mi amiga Perla Chinchilla hablo hace poco sobre el proyecto de organizar un debate acerca de “el genero hoy dia” cuando me di cuenta de que el tema habia perdido, hace ya tiempo, el estado de gloria del que antano habia gozado en mi mundo intelectual. De inmediato este contraste me parecio interesante, sentimiento que se acrecento cuando no pude encontrar una explicacion inmediata que diera cuenta de lo que habia sucedido, ni recordar algun momento de polemica abierta a la que pudiera atribuirsele el menguante interes en el concepto de genero
Electrophysiologic studies in the denervated transplanted human heart: II. Response to norepinephrine, isoproterenol and propranolol

Five patients who had received a transplanted human heart 1 to 3 years previously were studied to determine the effects of norepinephrine, isoproterenol and propranolol on the atrioventricular (A-V) conduction system. Using the His bundle technique, atrial, His bundle and ventricular electrograms were recorded, and central aortic pressure was monitored during the administration of these drugs. Norepinephrine was given by continuous infusion to four patients in doses ranging from 4 to 8 mug/min, with the systolic arterial pressure increasing by an average of 72 mm Hg. Concomitantly, there was an average increase in the rate of the donor atrium of 32 beats/min, and a reflex slowing of the recipient atrium of 23 beats/min. The A-H interval shortened by an average of 27 msec. Isoproterenol dose-response curves were performed in three patients, with the maximal dose being 5.2 mug by intravenous bolus infusion. The rate of the donor atrium increased by an average of 40 beats/min, and that of the recipient atrium by 18 beats/min. The A-H time shortened by an average of 25 msec, with a drop in systolic blood pressure averaging 23 mm Hg. Propranolol (7 mg intravenously) was given to three patients and the peak doses of norepinephrine and isoproterenol were again infused. Beta adrenergic blockade was achieved at this dose of propranolol since there was only a minimal increase in the donor atrial rate after infusion of the drug. The A-H interval was not altered by catecholamine infusion after achievement of beta blockade. However, the levels of systolic hypertension noted after infusion of norepinephrine was not altered by propranolol. The denervated transplanted human heart appears to respond normally to norepinephrine and isoproterenol, and the electrophysiologic effects of these agents are blocked by propranolol. Extensive investigative work in the denervated canine model has demonstrated the presence of the alpha and beta cardiovascular receptors. Although the automonic nervous system is important in cardiac performance, this work is the first validation in man that (1) the functional integrity of the beta receptor is maintained even when the autonomic nerves are absent, and (2) the intrinsic properties of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes are the keystone in stabilizing cardiac electrophysiology after denervation.
Automated image analysis and inference of gene function from high - Content screens

The study of tumor biology and heterogeneity is of high importance for identifying viable cancer therapeutics. A high content RNAi screen is carried out to identify genes that induce varied tumor morphologies. We present a novel automated pipeline to identify and interpret gene function by extracting morphological features of tumor cell aggregates, in large scale 3D RNAi screens. We use a “bag of words” based clustering approach to distinguish multiple phenotypes. Functional analysis of genes underlying the phenotypic clusters reveals the role of growth and invasion modulators in shaping tumor cell morphology and heterogeneity.
Large-scale overexpression and purification of ADARs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for biophysical and biochemical studies.

Many biochemical and biophysical analyses of enzymes require quantities of protein that are difficult to obtain from expression in an endogenous system. To further complicate matters, native adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) are expressed at very low levels, and overexpression of active protein has been unsuccessful in common bacterial systems. Here we describe the plasmid construction, expression, and purification procedures for ADARs overexpressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ADAR expression is controlled by the Gal promoter, which allows for rapid induction of transcription when the yeast are grown in media containing galactose. The ADAR is translated with an N-terminal histidine tag that is cleaved by the tobacco etch virus protease, generating one nonnative glycine residue at the N-terminus of the ADAR protein. ADARs expressed using this system can be purified to homogeneity, are highly active in deaminating RNA, and are produced in quantities (from 3 to 10 mg of pure protein per liter of yeast culture) that are sufficient for most biophysical studies.
Net Operating Losses and the Statute of Limitations: Something New under the Sun?

The author begins by describing the general rules governing refund claims in order to provide necessary background information. He then explores the possibility that the intricacies of the Internal Revenue Code my allow a claim of refund, based on a "net operating loss" (NOL) to be carried back beyond the conventional statute of limitations period. After exploring the specific rules governing NOL refund claims, the author concludes that it appears that taxpayers with NOL's that have not been carried back and utilized within the special three-year statute of limitations period of IRC section 6511(d)(2)(A) may, nevertheless, carry back these NOL's by voluntarily paying tax on any barred underpayment in the carry back year. Then the taxpayer may file for refund of both the voluntarily paid tax and also claim a refund on the barred NOL under the two-year rule of IRC section 6511(a). Finally, the author identifies two possible problem areas and then finishes with a policy discussion on what the law should be.
Intraperiplasmic growth of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J: attachment of long-chain fatty acids to escherichia coli peptidoglycan.

During the initial stages of intraperiplasmic growth of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on Escherichia coli, the peptidoglycan of the E. coli becomes acylated with long-chain fatty acids, primarily palmitic acid (60%) and oleic acid (20%). The attachment of the fatty acids to the peptidoglycan involves a carboxylic-ester bond, i.e., they were removed by treatment with alkaline hydroxylamine. Their linkage to the peptidoglycan does not involve a protein molecule. When the bdelloplast peptidoglycan was digested with lysozyme, the fatty acid-containing split products behaved as lipopeptidoglycan, i.e., they were extracted into the organic phase of 1-butanol:acetic acid:water (4:15) two-phase system; all of the lysozyme split products generated from normal E. coli peptidoglycan were extracted into the water phase. It is suggested that the function of the acylation reaction is to help stabilize the bdelloplast outer membrane against osmotic forces. In addition, a model is presented to explain how a bdellovibrio penetrates, stabilizes, and lyses a substrate cell.
Significance of megamitochondria in alcoholic liver disease

Abstract The significance of megamitochondria in the alcoholic liver injury of humans was investigated as part of a large Veterans Administration cooperative study of the natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. Two hundred twenty patients were clinically stratified into the following three groups according to disease severity using serum bilirubin and prothrombin time as indicators: Group 1 (mild disease), serum bilirubin levels 5 mg/dl but prothrombin time prolonged for 5 mg/dl and prothrombin time prolonged for > 4 s. Megamitochondria were observed in 20% of the patients (45 of 220). Of these, 43 patients were in groups 1 and 2 of severity and only 1 patient belonged in group 3. The association of megamitochondria with cirrhosis was infrequent (33%, 15 of 45 patients). The differences in severity correlated with the differences in mortality: in patients with megamitochondria, only 1 had died at 6 mo compared with 40 deaths in patients without megamitochondria. By 12 mo, there were two deaths in patients with megamitochondria versus 51 deaths in those patients without. No complications were present in 72% of patients with megamitochondria versus 39% for those without. Infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, hyperglycemia, azotemia, delirium tremens, seizures, and hepatic encephalopathy were all more common in patients without megamitochondria. The patients with megamitochondria appear to represent a subcategory of alcoholic hepatitis with a milder degree of clinical severity, lower incidence of cirrhosis, fewer complications, and good long-term survival.
Automated EEG-based diagnosis of the neurological and psychiatric disorders

In this keynote lecture the author presents a research ideology, a novel multi-paradigm methodology, and advanced computational models for automated electroencephalogram (EEG)-based diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The methodology is based on integration of three different computing technologies and problem solving paradigms: neural networks, wavelets, and the chaos theory. Examples of the research performed by the authors and his associates for automated diagnosis of epilepsy, the Alzheimer's Disease, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are discussed
Identification: Burke and Freud on Who You Are

Kenneth Burke bases his theory of identification on Freud's; however, whereas Burke insists that identification is a symbolic act that therefore remains available for conscious critique and reasoned adjustment, Freud reflects on an affective identification that precedes the distinction between “self” and “other.” This nonrepresentational identification—Freud sometimes calls it “primary identification”—remains stubbornly on the motion side of the action/motion loci, impervious to symbolic intervention. This article argues that Freud's scattered insights on primary identification undercut any theory of relationality grounded in representation, and therefore any hope of securing a crucial distance between self and other through conscious critique. It further argues that Freud's theory on identification presents rhetorical studies with a distinctly unBurkean challenge: to begin exploring the sorts of rhetorical analyses that become possible only when identification is no longer presumed to be compensatory to ...
Dairy Food Consumption and Meal-Induced Cortisol Response Interacted to Influence Weight Loss in Overweight Women Undergoing a 12-Week, Meal-Controlled, Weight Loss Intervention

Dairy food enhances weight loss in animal models, possibly by modifying the metabolic effects of cortisol. This study determined in overweight women (ages 20.0-45.9 y; n = 51) whether including dairy food in an energy-restricted diet affects cortisol concentrations and whether differences in provoked cortisol explain the magnitude of weight loss. Women received either an adequate amount of dairy food (AD), the equivalent of ≥711 mL/d milk, or a low amount of dairy food (LD), the equivalent to ≤238 mL/d milk, in a 12-wk, energy-restricted dietary intervention. Participants were tested in a 12-h laboratory visit, which included 2 standard meals and a dinner buffet that was consumed ad libitum. Salivary cortisol was measured from waking to bedtime. Energy restriction increased (P ≤ 0.04) the minimum and decreased (P ≤ 0.02) the diurnal amplitude in the salivary cortisol concentration from baseline to postintervention. Energy restriction enhanced the dinner meal-stimulated salivary cortisol response (DMR) (P ≤ 0.02) but only in the LD group. Compared with the LD treatment, the AD treatment induced (P ≤ 0.04) greater reductions in body weight and fat, but only in women characterized as having a baseline DMR (responders) (n = 26); weight and fat lost in the AD and LD groups were similar in nonresponders (n = 25). Overall, energy restriction dampened diurnal salivary cortisol fluctuations [symptomatic of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction] and enhanced dinner meal-stimulated salivary cortisol concentrations. The AD treatment prevented the latter. Furthermore, certain phenotypic markers of HPA axis function may help to expose the weight-reducing effects of consuming dairy food.
Trends in Aggregate Concentration in the United States

I assemble two rarely used data sets to measure aggregate concentration in the U.S. in the 1980s and 1990s. Despite the merger waves of those decades, aggregate concentration declined in the 1980s and the early 1990s, but rose modestly in the late 1990s. The levels at the end of the decade were at or below the levels of the late 1980s or early 1990s. The average size of firm and the relative importance of larger size classes of firms increased, however. Gini coefficients for employment and payroll shares of companies showed moderate but steady increases from 1988 through 1999.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Normal Mode Vibrational Energy Transfer in Liquid Nitromethane

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are used to study vibrational energy relaxation (VER) in liquid nitromethane after excitation of the C−H stretching vibrations. The simulated liquid consists of a mixture of excited and unexcited molecules, where the unexcited molecules were used to monitor excitation of the bath upon vibrational relaxation of the excited molecules. A previously developed projection method (Raff, L. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1988, 89, 5680) was employed to monitor the normal-mode kinetic energies of vibrations in both excited and unexcited molecules as functions of time. Overall, the results are in qualitative agreement with experimental measurements of VER in liquid nitromethane after mid-IR excitation in the C−H stretching region (Deak, J. C., Iwaki, L. K., Dlott, D. D. J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 971). The simulation results indicate that the excited C−H stretching vibrations deposit energy predominantly into the remaining vibrations in the molecules. These vibrations relax at diff...
A model for the responses of low‐frequency auditory‐nerve fibers in cat

A computational model was developed for the responses of low‐frequency auditory‐nerve (AN) fibers in cat. The goal was to produce realistic temporal response properties and average discharge rates in response to simple and complex stimuli. Temporal and average‐rate properties of AN responses change as a function of sound‐pressure level due to nonlinearities in the auditory periphery. The input stage of the AN model is a narrow‐band filter that simulates the mechanical tuning of the basilar membrane. The parameters of this filter vary continuously as a function of stimulus level via a feedback mechanism, simulating the compressive nonlinearity associated with the mechanics of the basilar membrane. A memoryless, saturating nonlinearity and two low‐pass filters simulate transduction and membrane properties of the inner hair cell (IHC). A diffusion model for the IHC‐AN synapse introduces adaptation. Finally, a nonhomogeneous Poisson process, modified by absolute and relative refractoriness, provides the outpu...
Mass Media Interventions to Reduce Youth Smoking Prevalence

Background Mass media interventions for reduction of youth cigarette smoking have been recommended based on a broad array of evidence, although few randomized community trials have been reported. Design Four matched pairs of independent media markets were identified; one member of each pair was randomized to receive the intervention. School surveys were conducted in all markets, in 2001 before (n=19,966) and in 2005 after (n=23,246) the interventions were completed. Setting/participants Grade 7–12 students from public schools in these eight medium-sized metropolitan areas participated in the summative evaluations; Grades 4–12 students were targeted to receive mass media interventions in four of these markets. Intervention Four simultaneous campaigns consisting of specially developed messages based on behavioral theory and targeted to defined age groups of racially and ethnically diverse young people were placed in popular TV, cable, and radio programming using purchased time for 4 years. Main outcome measures Prevalence of youth smoking and psychosocial mediators of smoking. Results No significant impacts of these interventions on smoking behaviors or mediators were found for the overall samples. A positive effect was found for one mediator in subgroups. Among Hispanic participants a marginally favorable effect on smoking prevalence and significant effects on mediators were found. General awareness of smoking prevention TV messages was slightly higher over time in the intervention areas. Conclusions Mass media interventions alone were unable to induce an incremental difference in youth smoking prevalence, probably because of a relatively strong tobacco control environment that included a substantial national smoking prevention media campaign.
INCIDENCE AND POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES OF ACCIDENTAL LIGATION OF THE TESTICULAR ARTERY DURING MICROSURGICAL VARICOCELECTOMY

ABSTRACT Purpose: In this study the frequency and outcomes of unintentional testicular artery ligation during microsurgical varicocelectomy were evaluated. Materials and Methods: From 1984 to 2002, 2,102 cases of microsurgical varicocelectomy were evaluated. Accidental artery ligation was confirmed intraoperatively by observation of pulsatile twitching of the ligated vessel stump under 25× magnification. Results: The complication was identified in 19 cases (0.9%) and all occurrences were unilateral, with 74% on the left side and 42% on the right side. In addition to the vasal artery at least 1 alternative artery was identified in all cases. Average testis volume before surgery was 15.8 ml. Azoospermia was found in 26% of cases. After surgery during the median followup of 19 months testicular atrophy developed in 1 patient (5%). In this cohort significant improvement was found in serum total testosterone in 80% (from 362 to 493 ng/dl) and in sperm count in 80% (from 12 to 22 × 10 6 per ml). Return of motile sperm to the ejaculate was found in 40% of azoospermic cases. The natural pregnancy rate was 14%, which is significantly lower than the 46% previously reported in the historical cohort of varicocelectomy cases. Conclusions: The incidence of accidental testicular artery ligation in microsurgical varicocelectomy was approximately 1%. Testicular atrophy developed in 1 patient (5%). Preservation of cremasteric and/or secondary internal spermatic arteries likely contributed to a low incidence of adverse outcomes. The natural pregnancy rate was low which may be due to the high proportion of azoospermic men before surgery. It is possible that the smaller testes usually associated with azoospermia indicate smaller testicular arteries, thus posing a greater risk of accidental ligation.
Microkinetic models and dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of nonuniform catalytic systems

The combined insight gained from laboratory and computational experiments has historically provided detailed information about the complex interactions present in many heterogeneous catalytic systems. Although this information has been effectively used to interpret and explain experimental observations, it unfortunately has not, in general, been incorporated into kinetic models of the reacting systems. In particular, catalytic nonuniformity is one such phenomenon which is often ignored when kinetic models are constructed despite there being much experimental and computational evidence indicating its presence. Catalytic nonuniformity has been therefore incorporated into both microkinetic models and dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of catalytic reacting systems, and the performance and applicability of each solution method has been investigated for several model systems exhibiting different causes of nonuniform behavior.
A preliminary phylogeny of the lichen moth tribe Lithosiini (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) based on morphological characters

A phylogeny of the lichen moth tribe Lithosiini has been constructed based on adult morphological characters. Specimens of 76 species representing 49 genera and each of the seven subtribes that have been proposed, as well as genera that have yet to be placed within a subtribe, were examined. When possible the type species of each genus was included in the analysis. Eighty-two characters from the external morphology and male and female genitalia were coded. The dataset was analyzed using both Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods with outgroup taxa selected from the subfamily Aganainae and tribe Arctiini. The morphological characters show the tribe Lithosiini as a monophyletic lineage, but could not assess the monophyly of the seven subtribes that have been hypothesized. The clades that are resolved by our phylogenetic analysis were composed only of genera representing a single subtribe or those that have not previously been placed in a subtribe. These results provide support for the existence of subtribes within the Lithosiini and represent the most extensive examination of the phylogeny of this tribe to date.
beta-Funaltrexamine, a gauge for the recognition site of wildtype and mutant H297Q mu-opioid receptors

The antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA), known to bind covalently to mu-opioid receptors by a two-step, doubly discriminating sequence, was used as a sensitive gauge to compare wildtype to mutant H297Q mu-opioid receptors. We addressed whether this mutation, which enhances the intrinsic activities of alkaloid mu-receptor agents, affects both the reversible and covalent phases of beta-FNA binding. Such altered binding serves as a reporter for the dimensions and topography of the receptor's recognition site. Using the voltage-clamped Xenopus oocyte expression system with coexpressed GIRK potassium channels, we found that beta-FNA blocked the wildtype and mutant H297Q receptors both reversibly and irreversibly, indicating overall conserved tertiary structure in the mutant. The mutant H297Q receptor, however, was more resistant to both phases of blockade, indicating some disturbance of the mutant H297Q receptor recognition site. beta-FNA acted as a partial agonist at the mutant H297Q receptor expressed in both oocytes, as measured by the activation of GIRK channels, and in COS-7 cells assayed by GTPgamma(35)S binding. beta-FNA showed no activity at the wildtype receptor expressed in oocytes, but surprisingly induced binding of GTPgamma(35)S in transfected COS-7 cells. Thus, the topography of the mutant H297Q receptor recognition site is sufficiently conserved to allow the selective binding of beta-FNA, but the decrease in binding affinity and increase in efficacy in oocytes demonstrates clear differences from the wildtype receptor.
Doctoral Training Issues in School and Clinical Child Psychology

Do clinical child and school psychologists feel that broadening their training to include aspects of other professional child psychology specialties would enable better service provision to their clients? Do they feel that children, adolescents, and families would be better served if the 2 specialties were merged? An exploratory questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 300 members of American Psychological Association (APA) Division 16 (School Psychology) and a random sample of 300 members from APA Division 12 (Clinical), Section 1 (Clinical Child). Implications from their responses for training of psychology health service providers to children and families are discussed.
A relationship between vitamin B12, folic acid, ascorbic acid, and mercury uptake and methylation

Ingestion of megadoses of certain vitamins appears to influence the in vivo methylation of mercuric chloride in guinea pigs. The addition of megadoses of vitamin B12 fed either singularly or in combination with folic acid resulted in increased methylmercury concentrations in the liver. Moreover, percent methylmercury levels were significantly increased with B12 treatment in the liver (B12 only and B12/folic acid) and brain (B12/vitamin C). Incorporation of high levels of folic acid into the dietary regime also increased the methylmercury concentration particularly in the liver and hair tissues. The addition of vitamin C in the diet, particularly in combination with B12 (brain) or folic acid (muscle) resulted in increased methylmercury levels in these tissues and percent methylmercury values with B12 in the muscle and brain tissue.
Behavior and receptor changes after kainate lesioning of nodular cerebellum

Abstract A study was undertaken on the effects of kainic acid lesioning on the nodulus of the rat cerebellum on behavior and various brain receptors in conscious, freely moving rats. The basis for the study was the observation that barrel rotation and other motor effects induced by intraventricular administration of vasopressin and nicotine could be elicited by their administration into the nodular area of the cerebellum. Histology revealed a marked destruction of Purkinje, stellate, and Golgi cells in the area surrounding the site of kainate administration, with little effect on the granular cells. Immediately after administering 4–12 ng of kainic acid into the nodular cerebellum, rats exhibited circling movements, barrel rotation, and clonic convulsions accompanied by stereotypic head movements, aggressiveness, and gnawing-biting; effects gradually diminishing over 3 days. Receptor binding studies 4–14 days after kainate lesioning revealed a marked increase in 3 H-nicotine and 3 H-QNB binding in the surrounding cerebellar region, caudate nucleus, and hypothalamus, with no change in 3 H-dihydromorphine binding. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that nicotinic and muscarinic pathways in the vestibular cerebellum, along with its connection to nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems, are involved in the mediation of barrel rotation, ataxia, and other motor disturbances resulting from administration of vasopressin on nicotine intraventricularly.