cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Voice and Justification on Students’ Perceptions of Professors’ Fairness:

Empirical research consistently demonstrates support for a relationship between fairness by professors and important educational outcomes. The structure of a college-level marketing course can crea...
Garnet-bearing trondhjemite and other conglomerate clasts from the Gualala basin, California: Sedimentary record of the missing western portion of the Salinian magmatic arc?

Eocene conglomerates from the German Rancho Formation, currently exposed in the Gualala basin of coastal northern California, are compositionally distinct from both underlying Upper Cretaceous conglomerates and coeval conglomerates elsewhere in the California Coast Ranges. Zircon U/Pb ages as well as isotopic (O, Sr, Nd, Pb) and chemical characteristics of German Rancho Formation conglomerates indicate an origin in the central and western portions of the Cretaceous Cordilleran batholiths. The majority of clasts in the Eocene section are ca. 100 Ma hornblende- and biotite-bearing tonalites and granodiorites, a common rock type in the Cordilleran batholiths of the southwestern United States. A subordinate, but distinctive, clast type is made up of garnet-bearing trondhjemites that have Early Cretaceous U/Pb zircon ages and isotopic compositions that are characteristic of the western (oceanic) margin of the Cordilleran batholiths. The occurrence of igneous almandine-rich garnet and epidote in the clasts may suggest crystallization at high pressure. Conclusive provenance ties for the Eocene conglomerates at Gualala are elusive because the most distinctive clasts (i.e., garnet-bearing trondhjemites) lack currently exposed source bodies. Temporal changes in conglomerate clast provenance imply early Paleogene tectonism in the vicinity of the basin. The possibility of large-scale Paleogene translation of the basin or an Eocene sediment source in a passing exotic terrane appears unlikely, but cannot be ruled out. A western continuation of the currently exposed Salinian magmatic arc is our preferred source for the Eocene clast assemblage.
A culture of consolation? Rethinking politics in working-class London, 1870-1914

In their communities, and in interactions with authorities and profit-seekers, residents of late Victorian London working-class districts struggled forcefully over the distribution of power, resources and prestige. They battled one another, in households and neighbourhoods, enforcing hierarchies and unequal access to resources. Philanthropists met hostile, manipulative and assertive poor people. Working-class Londoners resisted unwelcome state incursions and exploited government resources toward their own ends. They also fought employers and landlords over resources and power. Though their involvement in unions and socialist politics was uneven, these working-class Londoners participated actively in a pervasive politics of everyday life.
An Iatrogenic Confounding Variable

modest decline in prostate cancer mortality, but the absolute decline in the number of deaths averted is relatively modest when compared with the number of men now diagnosed with this disease. Evidence from a recently published randomized trial ( 7 ) indicates that 9 years after diagnosis of screen-detected prostate cancer, only one prostate cancer death is averted for every 48 men who are diagnosed and treated for this disease. Unfortunately, an unintended consequence of PSA testing is the large number of men diagnosed with incidental disease that now confounds our ability to identify potential causes of clinically signifi cant disease. The study by Stark et al. is a case in point. These researchers chose a classic study design, the case – control study, to assess the potential impact of a specifi c variable, T. vaginalis infection, on an outcome of interest, prostate cancer. They turned to the Physician’s Health Study because of the large sample size and the availability of serum drawn at baseline that allowed researchers to assess exposure to T. vaginalis . PSA testing, however, has altered the population of men diagnosed with prostate cancer during the follow-up period. Before the late 1980s, men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer presented with clinically signifi cant disease often in advanced stages. Now most men are identifi ed with localized disease usually 5 – 10 years earlier in the natural course of the disease ( 8 ).
Topological network design of state‐dependent queueing networks

Topological network design (TND) problems often contain nodes and arcs where the stochastic flows of customers, occupants, and messages are state-dependent. A Gilbert-Steiner problem is formulated using a convex cost function to design networks where state-dependent flows occur. The properties of the problem along with an algorithm, complexity analysis, and experimental results for two example applications-one an open queueing network model and the other a closed queueing network model-are presented.
Idiopathic hemochromatosis in a young female. A case study and review of the syndrome in young people

Idiopathic hemochromatosis (iH) is typically a disease of older males. The case presented here describes a 26-yr-old woman with problems presenting heart failure, insulin-dependent diabetes, hepatomegaly, and secondary amenorrhea. The diagnosis was established by serum iron and transferrin saturation measurements, liver biopsy, and bone marrow examination for iron. Twenty grams of iron were removed by phlebotomy over 30 mo, and the patient's symptoms improved. A review of the literature pertinent to people with symptomatic onset of IH before age 30 yr revealed 52 young people in addition to this case. In contrast to IH patients older than 30, there was an almost equal ratio between the sexes, a greater frequency of cardiomyopathy and hypogonadism, and a lower frequency of diabetes mellitus and hepatic involvement. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance appears to be most likely in this young group.
Grb2 and Other Adaptor Proteins in Tumor Metastasis

Metastatic disease is a major source of cancer morbidity and mortality. Understanding the molecular basis of cancer metastasis will have a considerable impact on cancer therapy. We now understand that uncontrolled cell signaling is of great importance in oncogenesis and tumor progression. A major role in the assembly of signaling proteins into biochemical pathways and networks is played by adaptor proteins. In this chapter we describe specifically the role of these proteins in the process of tumor metastasis and the potential for cancer therapy. Historically considered undruggable targets, protein-protein interactions and adaptor proteins are emerging as rational and viable targets, as exemplified by the development of selective antagonist of the adaptor protein Grb2. Targeting adaptor proteins and cellular miswiring is an emerging and exciting cancer therapeutic opportunity.
Labor Force Structure and the Size Distribution of Income within Countries, 1960-80

Although labor force structure is an important variable in at least three major perspectives on the distribution of income within countries, cross-national studies have not systematically examined the possible effects of both secondary and low-paid/low-skilled service employment on income inequality. The present paper outlines arguments suggesting that: (1) in lesser-developed countries secondary employment is more amenable to reduced inequality than low-skilled/low-paid service employment; and (2) this relation is not likely to be found in more developed countries. These hypotheses are generally confirmed in cross-national analyses using data from up to forty-two countries. The implications of the results for theory and research both within and across theoretical perspectives is discussed.
Receptors for IGF-I, but not for IGF-II, on proximal colon epithelial cell apical membranes

Rabbit proximal colon epithelial cell apical membranes, which are known to contain receptors for insulin, were isolated by a Ca2+-precipitation technique. Binding assays with 125I-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) revealed the presence of specific high-affinity binding sites, with 50% inhibition of binding observed at a concentration of 13.7 ng/ml IGF-I. In contrast, 50% inhibition of 125I-IGF-I binding was observed at an insulin concentration of 1.37 micrograms/ml, suggesting that 125I-IGF-I was not binding to insulin receptors present in this tissue. Cross-linking studies revealed an 125I-IGF-I binding subunit of relative molecular weight (Mr) of 130,000 under reducing conditions on docecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that was similar to the IGF-I binding subunit in human placental membranes (Mr 140,000). Binding and cross-linking studies with 125I-insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), however, failed to reveal a specific receptor for this peptide in colon epithelial cell membranes. These results establish the coexistence of receptors for IGF-I and insulin, but not IGF-II, on rabbit proximal colon epithelial cell apical membranes and demonstrate that colon epithelial cells are capable of selective synthesis of various peptide hormone receptors.
Mid-rapidity φ production in Au+Au collisions at GeV

Measurements of mid-rapidity φ vector meson production in Au+Au collisions at RHIC (SNN=200 GeV) from the STAR detector are described. By measuring the φ → K+K− decay channel, we have successfully reconstructed φ mesons at mid-rapidity from 0.5 < pt < 3.8 GeV/c. We observe no strong centrality dependence of the exponential slope parameter, T. Finally, we present the first measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy (v2) for the φ meson in minimum-bias collisions.
Strategies and Approaches for Studying Sex Differences in Physiology

Abstract The discipline of physiology is no stranger to sex differences given that reproductive biology is by definition differences in the physiology of males and females driven by the gonads characteristic of each sex. Indeed the physiology of reproduction is so vast that the fourth edition of a two-volume tome bearing that name has 52 chapters and 114 authors. But this emphasis on studying both sexes in great depth does not transfer to other aspects of physiology. An analysis of articles published in 2009 in the Journal of Physiology and three American J. Physiology Journals (renal, cardiovascular, GI, and liver) revealed an almost 4:1 ratio of male to female subjects (animal only) and over 20% not reporting the sex at all. Only 12.5% of physiology studies reported using animals of both sexes, and of those, only 30% actually analyzed the data by sex. At the same time, equal sex representation was far greater in clinical studies involving humans, presumably due to the US National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993 which mandated inclusion of women and minorities. So how did this happen?
Forced Response I – Flamelet Dynamics

The final two chapters of this book treat the response of flames to forced disturbances, both time-harmonic and random. This chapter focuses on local flame dynamics; that is, on characterizing the local space-time fluctuations in position of the flame. Chapter 12 treats the resulting heat release induced by disturbances, as well as sound generation by heat release fluctuations. These two chapters particularly stress the time-harmonic problem with more limited coverage of flames excited by stochastic disturbances. This latter problem is essentially the focus of turbulent combustion studies, a topic that is the focus of dedicated treatments [1–3]. These unsteady flame–flow interactions involve kinetic, fluid mechanic, and acoustic processes over a large range of scales. Fundamentally different physical processes may dominate in different regions of the relevant parameter space, depending on the relative magnitudes of various temporal/spatial scales. Section 11.1 starts the chapter by reviewing the key length and time scales involved with flame–flow interactions. Then, Sections 11.2 and 11.3 analyze premixed and non-premixed flame dynamics, respectively.
Structure, chemistry, and applications of sol-gel derived materials

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a general overview of the sol–gel process with a particular emphasis on silicon-based materials and applications related to the diverse, ever expanding field of “analytical chemistry.” Following an introduction to sol–gel chemistry and the various methods used to characterize the bulk and interfacial properties of silicon-based materials, examples of the inherent usefulness of sol–gel processing in the development of materials for applications in chemical sensors, chromatography, ion exchange, templating, controlled porosity, and optics are given in the chapter. The sol–gel approach has been used to prepare a variety of unique materials with prespecified functions for numerous applications in the general fields of material science, chemistry, and biology. Although this chapter focuses primarily on silica-based sol–gel processing, the preparation of materials from transition metal alkoxides such as Ti, Zr, Mo, and Ru has also drawn considerable interest and remains a field in itself. Likewise, the incorporation and interpenetration of organic polymers into the inorganic host to prepare materials with properties superior to those prepared alone is a fascinating, growing field of study. The enormous diversity associated with material processing and material preparation has led to an explosion of interest from a diversity of different scientists and is likely to lead to the development and creation of new approaches and materials for advanced applications.
Prototype InAsSb strained-layer superlattice photovoltaic and photoconductive infrared detectors

Prototype infrared detectors using InAs/sub 1-x/Sb/sub x/ (x>0.8) strained-layer superlattices are described. Photovoltaic detectors have been constructed with long-wavelength responses extending out to 10.4 mu m and detectivities within an order of magnitude of commercial HgCdTe detectors. A photoconductive detector based on a novel four-layer-per-period superlattice displayed gain values as high as 90 due to suppressed recombination in the type II superlattice. >
Abstract A057: CX3CR1 distinguishes three distinct migratory memory CD8 T cell subsets

CD8 T cells are crucial for the protection against tumors and intracellular pathogens via their ability to generate long-term memory. Memory T cells (T Mem ) are however not a homogenous population. Traditionally, blood-borne T Mem have been sub-divided into central memory (T CM ) and effector memory (T EM ) cells based on different migration behaviors and cytotoxic potential. We recently discovered the existence of a novel subset of CD8 T Mem that has unique migratory properties and a superior homeostatic self-renewal capacity. The hitherto unrecognized memory CD8 T cell subset is characterized by intermediate expression levels of CX3CR1, while classical T CM were CX3CR1 − , and T EM were CX3CR1 high . The fraction of CX3CR1 int cells among antigen-experienced T Mem was remarkably stable over the course of a year, while T EM gradually declined and T CM increased to be the largest subset by 10 months. Interestingly, CX3CR1 int T Mem had the highest proliferation rate of the three T Mem subsets. While T CM and T EM were phenotypically stable over >10 weeks at steady state, CX3CR1 int T Mem not only self-renewed, but also gave rise to bonafide T CM . Consequently, CX3CR1 int T Mem contributed to the gradual increase in T CM . The newly identified CX3CR1 int T Mem displayed unique migratory properties. Unlike CX3CR1 high T EM , CX3CR1 int gradually acquired lymph node homing capability. Moreover, parabiosis experiments and analysis of recirculating memory cells in thoracic duct lymph revealed that CX3CR1 int T Mem , not T EM , are the predominant T cell subset surveying non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the Cancer Research Institute Irvington Fellowship Program and a Rubicon fellowship (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO) to CG, NIH T32 Training Grant in Hematology 5T32-HL07623-20 to EAM, NIH F31 grant CA171339 to SML, NIH T32 grant HL066987 to DA, the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard and NIH/NIAID RO1 AI069259, PO1 AI078897 and PO1 AI112521 to UHvA. Citation Format: Carmen Gerlach, E. Ashley Moseman, Scott M. Loughhead, David Alvarez, Anthonie J. Zwijnenburg, Lisette Waanders, Rohit Garg, Juan C. de la Torre, Ulrich H. von Andrian. CX3CR1 distinguishes three distinct migratory memory CD8 T cell subsets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A057.
Challenging views of technology

In 1993 a slim volume appeared that was provocatively entitled The Golem: What Every one Should Know About Science. Two leading sociologists of science, Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch, used seven case-studies of scientific controversy in an effort to debunk the traditional account of science as a totally rational, methodological pursuit, and to redescribe it as an entirely human activity, metaphorically represented by the powerful but somewhat bumbling creature of Jewish legend known as the golem. Not surprisingly, the book proved at least as controversial as many of the cases it examined. Many scientists read it as a radical attack on the foundations of scientific knowledge, and it has played a significant role in the "science wars", which came to the fore about a year later.
Rapid ice flow rearrangement induced by subglacial drainage in West Antarctica

Ice streams are corridors of rapid ice flow draining the ice sheets. They can exhibit astonishing spatial variability on annual to centennial time scales. We propose that changes in the subglacial drainage of meltwater could induce these sudden rearrangements of ice streams. We develop a two-dimensional, thermomechanical model representing an ice stream cross section and couple it to a plastically deforming bed with spatially variable meltwater influx. We find that where ice flows over deformable sediments and lacks significant topographic control, the efficiency of subglacial water drainage exerts direct control on the velocity, location, and width of ice streams. This implies that meltwater percolation at the meter scale could have a significant effect on the short-term variability in ice loss from a continental-scale ice sheet. We verify our model against previous analytical results and validate it against surface observations from the Siple Coast of West Antarctica.
Serious Fun? Deleuze’s Treatise on Nomadology

In Anti-Oedipus, Capitalism and Schizophrenia , Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari analyze the manner in which what they refer to as deterritorialized flows of desire, have been reduced to state, family or religious hierarchies. Matter, capital, and libido are among the flows of desire for which nature and human nature are processes of production. The author’s argue that there is really only one process of desiring-production, that now capitalism and psychoanalysis are inextricably linked, and that the former produces subjective abstract labor, while the latter produces subjective abstract libido. Thus although nothing exists outside of the socius, without its inhabitants, there is no socius: “they are strictly inseparable and constitute one and the same process of production.” This leaves one with the uncomfortable conclusion that social repression and psychic repression are one and the same mechanism, and insofar as the transition from primitive territories, to barbarian despots, to civilized capitalists, which they refer to as State power, has proceeded lock-step, that there is possibly no place else to go.
Integrating Quantitative Literacy into Technical Writing Instruction

ABSTRACTThe authors argue that skills in quantitative literacy (QL) and quantitative reasoning (QR) augment students’ communicative effectiveness. This article offers a pedagogical framework and model for how QR can be productively interwoven with the rhetorical know-how of technical writing pedagogy. The authors describe their course redesign, present preliminary assessment data, and conclude by highlighting some implications not only for student learning, but also for the QL movement itself.
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Women

The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in the setting of antimicrobial stewardship. Although recurrent UTI was traditionally thought to occur by repeated ascension of uropathogenic colonizers, newer evidence suggests that a subset of bacteria becomes internalized within uroepithelial cells forming quiescent intracellular reservoirs. These quiescent reservoirs do not elicit an immune response and persist after treatment of acute infection. In time, epithelial turnover results in release of these bacteria potentially leading to recurrent infection. Given the rise in antimicrobial resistance, the concept of antimicrobial stewardship has been developed to promote appropriate use of antimicrobials, improve patient outcomes, decrease microbial resistance, and reduce the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. This has sparked interest in non-antimicrobial measures for UTI prevention. Although cranberry products and probiotics may prevent UTI, the data for their efficacy are limited. Current evidence supports vaginal estrogen use for UTI prevention in postmenopausal women. Daily or post-coital low-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis may also be beneficial, particularly for women who develop UTI despite non-antimicrobial measures. Nevertheless, studies demonstrating the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis are > 10 years old when antibiotic resistance was less common. Prevention of recurrent UTI requires identifying and addressing risk factors for infection. Non-antimicrobial strategies should be recommended whenever possible given increasing antimicrobial resistance. However, more studies are needed to define the ideal populations that may benefit from current non-antimicrobial strategies and to identify other potential ways UTI may be prevented.
Góngora’s Sonnet “El Cuarto Enrico yace mal herido”

This article is an analysis of Luis de Gongora’s skillful employment of language to characterize King Henry IV of France in the funereal sonnet “El Cuarto Enrico yace mal herido.” Gongora wrote his poem in 1610 to honor Henry who was murdered in Paris in that same year by Jean-Francois Ravaillac. In the text the Spanish lyric poet creates historical, mythological, and heraldic allusions, rhetorical figures, and images of color. In particular, he is adept at forming various types of metaphors. By relating these metaphors to charges on Henry’s coats of arms as well as to accounts of the king’s personal history, Gongora paints a brilliant verbal picture of one of France’s most beloved rulers. This vibrant description of King Henry reveals that Gongora, the baroque poet, was also Gongora, the master of portraiture and expert commentator on events connected to the period in which he and the monarch lived.
Distribution and determinants of QRS rotation of black and white persons in the general population.

Abstract Background The prevalence and determinants of QRS transition zones are not well established. Methods We examined the distributions of Normal, clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW)) QRS transition zones and their relations to disease, body size and demographics in 4624 black and white men and women free of cardiovascular disease and major ECG abnormalities enrolled in the NHANES-III survey. Results CW transition zones were least observed (6.2%) and CCW were most prevalent (60.1%) with Normal in an intermediate position (33.7%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the adjusted, significant predictors for CCW compared to Normal were a greater proportion of blacks and women, fewer thin people (BMI Conclusions Normal rather than being the most prevalent transition zone was intermediate in frequency between the most frequently encountered CCW and the least frequently encountered transition zone CW. Differences in the predictors of CW and CCW exist. This requires further investigation to examine how far these differences explain the differences in the published prognostic differences between CW and CCW.
Rethinking Privacy: A Feminist Approach to Privacy Rights after Snowden

Tim Cook’s message to Apple customers, regarding Apple’s refusal to provide the FBI with a backdoor to the San Bernardino shooter’s iPhone, typifies the corporate appropriation of privacy rights discourse. In light of this appropriation, I propose a reconsideration of the sovereign subject presupposed by privacy rights discourse through a comparative approach to the US and EU’s treatments of privacy rights. I then apply feminist theories of the non-sovereign subject, which challenge liberal democratic discourse’s construction of the subject by emphasising social interdependence. I argue that critical scholars of surveillance and the digital economy need to address the fact that the digital economy is predicated on the subject’s non-sovereignty, where individuals can be fragmented and combined into the mass collection of data. I conclude with a discussion of how the non-sovereignty of the subject under commercial surveillance could also provide the grounds for the socialized redistribution of big data profits.
Implementing the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process at a Public Pharmacy School

The Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners has provided the profession of pharmacy a patient-centered care model known as the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process (PPCP). This process will serve to provide consistency throughout the profession as it becomes incorporated throughout pharmacy practice and education. A description of the early stages of implementing the PPCP at one public college of pharmacy provides insights into opportunities for education and assessment.
Dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis attenuates Ca2+-activated Cl- secretion in murine colon by downregulating TMEM16A.

Attenuated Ca2+-activated Cl− secretion has previously been observed in the model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Prior studies have implicated dysfunctional muscarinic signaling f...
Validity of self-reported weight, height, and body mass index among African American breast cancer survivors.

Self-reported weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) are commonly used in cancer epidemiology studies, but information on the validity of self-reports among cancer survivors is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of these self-reported measures among African American (AA) breast cancer survivors, known to have high obesity prevalence. We compared the self-reported and measured values among 243 participants from the Women’s Circle of Health Follow-Up Study (WCHFS), a population-based longitudinal study of AA breast cancer survivors. Multivariable-adjusted linear regressions were used to identify factors associated with reporting errors. We also examined the associations of self-reported and measured BMI with obesity-related health outcomes using multivariable logistic regressions, with hypertension as an example, to evaluate the impact of misreporting. We found that self-reported and measured values were highly correlated among all and when stratified by participants’ characteristics (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.99, 0.84, and 0.96 for weight, height, and BMI, respectively). The agreement between BMI categories (normal, overweight and obese) based on self-reported and measured data was excellent (kappa = 0.81). Women who were older, never smoked, had higher grade tumors, or had greater BMI tended to have overestimated BMI calculated from self-reported weight and height. The BMI-hypertension association was similar using self-reported (OR per 5 kg/m2 increase 1.63; 95% CI 1.27–2.10) and measured BMI (1.58; 95% CI 1.23–2.03). Self-reported weight, height, and BMI were reasonably accurate in the WCHFS. Our study supports the use of these self-reported values among cancer survivors when direct measurements are not possible.
A biochemical framework for anaerobic oxidation of methane driven by Fe(III)-dependent respiration.

Consumption of methane by aerobic and anaerobic microbes governs the atmospheric level of this powerful greenhouse gas. Whereas a biochemical understanding of aerobic methanotrophy is well developed, a mechanistic understanding of anaerobic methanotrophy has been prevented by the unavailability of pure cultures. Here we report a biochemical investigation of Methanosarcina acetivorans, a methane-producing species capable of anaerobic methanotrophic growth dependent on reduction of Fe(III). Our findings support a pathway anchored by Fe(III)-dependent mechanisms for energy conservation driving endergonic reactions that are key to methanotrophic growth. The pathway is remarkably similar to pathways hypothesized for uncultured anaerobic methanotrophic archaea. The results contribute to an improved understanding of the methane cycle that is paramount to understanding human interventions influencing Earth’s climate. Finally, the pathway enables advanced development and optimization of biotechnologies converting methane to value-added products through metabolic engineering of M. acetivorans.
Fault-Tolerance Issues of Local Area Multiprocessor (LAMP) Storage Subsystem

This paper discusses the fault tolerance issues of the Local Area Multiprocessor (LAMP) storage subsystem, and presents its architecture design, error detection and recovery algorithms, and logical volume reconstruction procedure. LAMP is a network of workstations with shared physical memory. Its basic communication protocol is load and store. The LAMP storage subsystem is developed for this class of distributed computing system: 1) It is with distributed shared memory; 2) It uses low-latency and high-bandwidth interconnection; 3) It provides remote DMA support. The LAMP storage subsystem stripes data across multiple nodes for higher I/O performance and availability. It organizes logical volumes (virtual disks) to store files according to the file size, data access pattern, as well as other criteria performance, availability, and security requirements. The LAMP storage subsystem implements RAID technology: RAID-0, 1, and 5 for each logical volume. The write-ahead logging is used to log data, metadata and parity updates of a recovery unit, which allows LAMP storage subsystem to perform fast error recovery. For rapid reconstruction of a failed logical volume, the LAMP logical volume reconstruction algorithm is implemented. In this paper, three main fault tolerance issues of the LAMP storage subsystem are discussed: system configurability for fault tolerance and performance, fast error detection and recovery, and fast logical volume reconstruction.
A New Approach to Hilbert's Third Problem

(2007). A New Approach to Hilbert's Third Problem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 114, No. 8, pp. 665-676.
Signal transduction in cells following binding of chemoattractants to membrane receptors

Binding of chemoattractants to specific cell surface receptors on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) initiates a variety of biologic responses, including directed migration (chemotaxis), release of Superoxide anions, and lysosomal enzyme secretion. Chemoattractant receptors belong to a large class of receptors which utilize the hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides to initiate Ca2+ mobilization and cellular activation. Receptor occupancy leads to phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) yielding inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and 1,2 sn-diacylglycerol (DAG). These products synergize to initiate cell activation via calcium mobilization (IP3) and protein kinase C activation (DAG). Pertussis toxin, which ADP-ribosylates and inactivates some GTP binding proteins (G proteins), abolishes all chemoattractant-induced responses, including Ca2+ mobilization, IP3 and DAG production, enzyme secretion, superoxide production and chemotaxis. Direct evidence for chemoattractant receptor: G protein coupling was obtained using PMN membrane preparations which contain a Ca2+-sensitive phospholipase C. Hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides at resting intracellular Ca2+ levels (100 nm) was only observed when the membranes were stimulated with the chemoattractant N-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe) in the presence of GTP. Myeloid cells contain two distinct pertussis toxin substrates of similar molecular weight (40 and 41 kD). The 41 kD substrate resembles Gi whereas a 40 kD substrate is physically associated with a partially purified fMet-Leu-Phe receptor preparation and may therefore represent a novel G protein involved in chemoattractant-stimulated responses. Metabolism of 1,4,5-IP3 to inositol proceeds via two distinct pathways in PMNs: (1) degradation to 1,4-IP2 and 4-IP1 or (2) conversion to 1,3,4,5-IP4, 1,3,4-IP3, 3,4-IP2 and 3-HV Initial formation (0-30 s) of 1,4,5-IP3 and DAG occurs at ambient intracellular Ca2+ levels, whereas formation of 1,3,4-IP3 and a second sustained phase of DAG production (30 s–10 min) require elevated cytosolic Ca2+ influx. The later peak of DAG, which is not derived from phosphoinositides, appears to be required for stimulation of respiratory burst activity. Products formed during activation can feed back to attenuate chemoattractant receptor-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C by uncoupling receptor-G protein-phospholipase C interaction.
Characteristics and stability of biofuels used as drop-in replacement for NATO marine diesel

Abstract Catalytic hydrothermal conversion diesel (CHCD-76), synthesized isoparaffin (SIP-76), and hydroprocessed renewable diesel (HRD-76) have been produced in sufficient quantity and supplied to the U.S. Navy for blending with traditional marine diesel NATO F-76. The present work investigates the storage and oxidation stabilities of DSH-76, CHCD-76, and their blends with F-76. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of these two biofuels, including viscosity, density, peroxide value, heat of combustion, acid number, and phase behavior, were determined using required ASTM methods. ASTM D4625 and D5304 methods were employed to investigate the long-term storage stability of these two biofuels and theirs blends with F-76. ASTM D5304 method was also modified to investigate the oxidation process of these fuel samples. In addition, ASTM D2274 tests were conducted to investigate oxidation stability of the neat and blended fuel samples. The influence of long-term storage and oxidation on fuel physicochemical properties was investigated based on ASTM methods. SIP-76 and CHCD-76 were found have superior storage and oxidation stability in comparison with petroleum F-76. This is also the first report on storage and oxidation stability of SIP-76 and CHCD-76.
Permutation methods for assessing significance in binary trait association mapping with structured samples

In genetic association analysis of complex traits, permutation testing can be a valuable tool for assessing significance when the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is not known. This commonly arises when the association test statistic is itself a function of multiple correlated statistics. Examples include omnibus tests that combine test statistics that perform well in different scenarios, as well as tests of gene-set, pathway or genome-wide significance. For genetic association testing in samples with population structure and/or related individuals, use of naive permutation can lead to inflated type 1 error. To address this in quantitative traits, the MVNpermute method was developed. However, for association mapping of a binary trait, the relationship between the mean and variance makes both naive permutation and the MVNpermute method invalid. We propose BRASS, a permutation method for binary trait association mapping in samples that have related individuals and/or population structure. BRASS allows for covariates and ascertainment and accommodates a wide range of test statistics. We use an estimating equation approach that can be viewed as a hybrid of logistic regression and linear mixed-effects model methods, and we use a combination of principal components and a genetic relatedness matrix to account for sample structure. We show in simulation studies that BRASS maintains correct control of type 1 error in a range of scenarios that include population structure, familial relatedness, ascertainment and phenotype model misspecification. We apply our method to a genome screen for elbow dysplasia (ED) in 82 breeds of domestic dog and to a genome screen for idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in the Irish Wolfhound breed of domestic dog. We find that a previously-identified region on chromosome 4 containing a number of candidate genes is significantly associated with IE.
Recall of clearly spoken sentences

Recognition memory (i.e., identifying items as old or new) is higher for sentences spoken clearly than for sentences spoken casually. The clear speech benefit on recognition memory was observed for both native and non-native English listeners. The current study investigated the effect of clear speech on sentence recall, a more complex and effortful type of declarative memory that requires processing at phonological, lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic, and syntactic levels. Thirty native and 30 non-native English listeners heard 72 meaningful sentences (e.g., “The grandfather drank the dark coffee”) produced in conversational and clear speaking styles by a female native English speaker. Participants were presented with 12 sentences blocked by speaking style, and instructed to memorize them. After each block of 12 sentences, participants wrote down what they remembered. Blocks were counterbalanced for speaking style. Responses were scored by number of keywords correctly recalled (verbatim memory) and sentence-level comprehension (gist memory). Preliminary results show enhanced verbatim memory for clear speech (i.e., higher rate of key words correctly recalled for sentences produced in clear speech) for both listener groups suggesting that hyper-articulated clear speech provides cognitive release and aids retention of surface form.Recognition memory (i.e., identifying items as old or new) is higher for sentences spoken clearly than for sentences spoken casually. The clear speech benefit on recognition memory was observed for both native and non-native English listeners. The current study investigated the effect of clear speech on sentence recall, a more complex and effortful type of declarative memory that requires processing at phonological, lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic, and syntactic levels. Thirty native and 30 non-native English listeners heard 72 meaningful sentences (e.g., “The grandfather drank the dark coffee”) produced in conversational and clear speaking styles by a female native English speaker. Participants were presented with 12 sentences blocked by speaking style, and instructed to memorize them. After each block of 12 sentences, participants wrote down what they remembered. Blocks were counterbalanced for speaking style. Responses were scored by number of keywords correctly recalled (verbatim memory) and sentenc...
Appetite for Imprecision: The Role of Bureaucracy in Implementing a Pay-for-Performance Program

Pay-for-performance (PfP) conservation programs emphasize data and modeling to more cost-effectively target incentive payments. Geographers question the rationalist impulse to quantify and problema...
Alternative Thyroid Imaging

Radioiodine (131I and 123I) remains the most frequently used radionuclide for thyroid imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). However, an estimated 20–30% of WDTCs do not accumulate radioiodine at the time of initial clinical presentation, and many WDTCs that are initially radioiodine-avid will dedifferentiate and lose their ability to concentrate radioiodine. This is especially true following radioiodine therapy. In addition, medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas do not accumulate radioiodine.
What Every Cardiologist Should Know About the 2018 Updated Adult Congenital Cardiology Guidelines

Review the recently updated guidelines for the management of patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) with a focus on the changes between these guidelines and the prior guidelines. The 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with ACHD focused on utilizing the available data and limiting the number recommendations based only on expert opinion. These guidelines implement a new anatomic and physiological classification scheme to guide management of patients, which takes into account both the underlying anatomy as well as residual cardiac disease and symptoms. Given a lack of robust outcomes data for many types of CHD, the new guidelines provide fewer total recommendations than the prior version, emphasizing the data that is available and drawing attention to the need for additional data. The 2018 guidelines provide the field with a comprehensive update in the management of ACHD patients with an emphasis on the available data.
Sham Surgery Studies in Orthopaedic Surgery May Just Be a Sham: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials

Purpose To determine the limitations of randomized sham surgery–controlled trials in orthopaedic sports medicine and fidelity of the trials’ conclusions. Methods Randomized placebo surgery–controlled trials in orthopaedic sports medicine were included in this Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses–guided systematic review. Several aspects of investigation design and conduct were analyzed: genetic analysis for propensity to placebo response, equipoise of informed consent process, geography of trial subjects, percentage of eligible subjects willing to be randomized, changes from protocol publication to results publication, and perioperative complications. Results Seven sham surgery-controlled trials (845 subjects [370 knees, 449 shoulders, 26 elbows]; 5 from Europe, 1 from North America, and 1 from Australia; all superiority model, efficacy design) were analyzed. There were consistent methodologic deficiencies across studies. No studies reported genetic analysis of susceptibility to placebo response. Three studies (43%) were underpowered. Crossover rates ranged from 8% to 36%, which led to un-blinding in up to 100% of subjects. There were low enrollment rates of eligible subjects (up to 57% refused randomization). Follow-up was short term (2 years or less in all but one study). Complication rates ranged from 0% to 12.5%, with complications occurring in both groups (no significant difference between groups in any study). Conclusions Randomized sham-controlled studies in orthopaedic sports medicine have significant methodologic deficiencies that may invalidate their conclusions. Randomized trial design (with or without placebo control) may be optimized through the inclusion of per-protocol analysis, blinding index, equivalence or noninferiority trial design, and a nontreatment group. Level of Evidence Level II Systematic Review of Level II studies
Cultivating a culture of scholarly teaching and learning in a college of engineering: An ecological design approach

This paper describes a novel institutional change model, embodied in the Engineering Education Transformations Institute at the University of Georgia, that was intentionally designed to build commu...
A 2-Study Psychometric Evaluation of the Modified Dementia Worry Scale:

A modified version of the Dementia Worry Scale (DWS) used the terminology "Alzheimer's disease and related dementias" (versus the DWS' use of "dementia"). Two studies investigated psychometric properties of the modified DWS (MDWS). Study 1 compared the psychometric properties of the DWS and MDWS; both versions had single factor structures and exhibited excellent internal consistency (αs ≥ .95). The MDWS exhibited greater test-retest reliability after a 4-week interval (DWS r = .68; MDWS r = .90). In Study 2, the MDWS again displayed a single factor structure, excellent internal consistency (α = .95), and good test-retest reliability after an 8-week interval (r = .78). Additionally, results support convergent validity between the MDWS and fear of dementia, subjective memory, general anxiety, health anxiety, and neuroticism. The MDWS is psychometrically consistent with the DWS, maintains strong test-retest reliability, and is appropriate for use in cross-sectional and longitudinal research.
Scale Free Adversarial Multi Armed Bandits.

We consider the Scale-Free Adversarial Multi Armed Bandit(MAB) problem, where the player only knows the number of arms $n$ and not the scale or magnitude of the losses. It sees bandit feedback about the loss vectors $l_1,\dots, l_T \in \mathbb{R}^n$. The goal is to bound its regret as a function of $n$ and $l_1,\dots, l_T$. We design a Follow The Regularized Leader(FTRL) algorithm, which comes with the first scale-free regret guarantee for MAB. It uses the log barrier regularizer, the importance weighted estimator, an adaptive learning rate, and an adaptive exploration parameter. In the analysis, we introduce a simple, unifying technique for obtaining regret inequalities for FTRL and Online Mirror Descent(OMD) on the probability simplex using Potential Functions and Mixed Bregmans. We also develop a new technique for obtaining local-norm lower bounds for Bregman Divergences, which are crucial in bandit regret bounds. These tools could be of independent interest.
Tariff Elimination and the Competitiveness of Wine-Exporting Countries in Japan

Bilateral trade agreements between Japan and major wine-exporting countries have resulted in tariff eliminations in Japan. This raises questions about how tariffs affect the competitiveness of wine-exporting countries. The generalized dynamic Rotterdam model was used in estimating Japanese wine demand by source. Estimates were then used to project the impact of tariffs on imports of Australian, Chilean, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and U.S. wine. Tariff reductions primarily benefit affected countries, with limited adverse effects on competing countries. The elimination of tariffs on U.S. wine should offset any losses from competing trade agreements.
MCMC vs OLS As a Tool for Interpolating Stochastic Processes

The purpose of this notebook is to demonstrate a simple use case for MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) methods for solving for parameters of a known relationship in a system which is prone to black swan events and large jumps. This is only a test of principal, using simulated data, for the purpose of better understanding how MCMC reacts to outliers. This test was motivated by the use of MCMC in jump diffusion models, which face the problem of differentiating between movements caused by “jumps” (news events, politics, or some other abnormal factor) and attempting to fit the “normal” dynamics of a time series. In this notebook, I will create a stochastic process y which depends on both an observable variable xx as well as a random component. For the sake of simplicity (and because I am using OLS as a benchmark) y will have no autocorrelation and will be homoscedastic and its relationship to x will be known ahead of time to the model, however the parameters of this relationship θ must be estimated. The notebook will conclude by comparing the ability for MCMC to interpolate this stochastic process against using OLS.