cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conventional wisdom: Imagination, obedience and intersubjectivity

Abstract Under the Opacity doctrines of the Pacific, wise listeners are skeptical about taking others’ speech at face value. But among the Mopan Maya, who also espouse a version of Opacity, this is exactly what the wisest listeners are expected to do. When receiving the instructions of elders, virtuous Mopan listeners (here dubbed “Acceptors”) act as counterparts to Goffman’s Principal, assuming the risks of faithful obedience regardless of their own momentary mental states, which are considered vulnerable to error and self-interest. A degree of cross-cultural variation is thus found in the domain most globally characterizable as “intersubjectivity”. We should be cautious in appealing to universal attributes of human nature as we chart this domain.
VMA8 encodes a 32-kDa V1 subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar H(+)-ATPase required for function and assembly of the enzyme complex.

Abstract The isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is composed of at least 10 subunits. We have identified VMA8, the gene encoding the 32-kDa subunit of the V-ATPase, by 100% match between the sequences of tryptic peptides and the predicted protein sequence of ORF11. The VMA8 gene contains a 768-base pair open reading frame encoding a 256-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 29,176 Da. Disruption of VMA8 resulted in a mutant exhibiting pH-sensitive growth, slowed growth under all conditions, and an inability to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. Vacuolar membranes isolated from vma8Δ yeast cells exhibited no V-ATPase activity. Immunoblot analysis of vma8Δ cells revealed normal levels of both V1 and Vo subunits. Whereas the V1 subunits failed to associate with the vacuolar membrane in vma8Δ cells, the Vo polypeptides were transported to and stable in the vacuolar membrane. Density gradient fractionation revealed that Vma8p associated only with the fully assembled V-ATPase and did not associate with a separate lower density Vo subcomplex fraction. Finally, Vma8p was unable to assemble onto the vacuolar membranes in the absence of other V1 subunits.
Abstract LB-345: Amplification of miR-26a-2 in human liposarcoma is correlated with poor patient survival

Human liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adults. However, its molecular mechanism is poorly understood. For better understanding of the disease, we examined 54 human liposarcoma samples including 51 primary tumors and 3 cell lines (SW872, LP6, LP141) using Affymetrix 250K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Allele-specific copy number (CN) analysis using anonymous references revealed that CN gain was dominant event over CN loss and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human LPS. Recurrent CN gain at 1q21–24 (43% of the samples), 5p13-p15 (46%), and 8q24 (41%) were identified. The most prominent CN gain was found in the 12q13-q15 region. 88% of the samples, mostly well-differentiated / de-differentiated subtype (WDLPS / DDLPS), showed various levels of CN gains centered at MDM2 gene. In addition to MDM2 amplicon, we also identified an MDM2-independent amplicon in the 12q13-q15 region centered at miR-26a-2 gene at the same frequency (88%). MDM2 amplicon almost always accompanied miR-26a-2 amplicon. Likewise, samples without MDM2 amplicon did not have a miR-26a-2 amplicon. Quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that this CN gain of miR-26a-2 was strongly correlated with high mRNA expression of the gene in the WDLPS / DDLPS subtype. Furthermore, high mRNA expression of miR-26a-2 significantly correlated with a worse patient survival (p=0.05). Interestingly, some samples in myxoid / round-cell subtype (MRC) also showed high expression of miR-26a-2 without any prominent CN changes. High expression in the MRC subtype was also correlated with poor patient survival (p=0.0029). Western blot analysis using LPS cell lines revealed that cells with high miR-26a-2 expression showed decreased levels of RB1 and PTEN, which are two verified targets of miR-26a-2. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrated the clinical importance of miR-26a-2 gene in human LPS. This finding may contribute to the discovery of prognostic markers as well as novel therapeutic targets for human LPS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-345. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-345
Apolipoprotein A-I Deficiency Increases Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1ΔE9 Mice

A hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) in brain parenchyma and cerebral blood vessels, accompanied by cognitive decline. Previously, we showed that human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) decreases Aβ40 aggregation and toxicity. Here we demonstrate that apoA-I in lipidated or non-lipidated form prevents the formation of high molecular weight aggregates of Aβ42 and decreases Aβ42 toxicity in primary brain cells. To determine the effects of apoA-I on AD phenotype in vivo, we crossed APP/PS1ΔE9 to apoA-IKO mice. Using a Morris water maze, we demonstrate that the deletion of mouse Apoa-I exacerbates memory deficits in APP/PS1ΔE9 mice. Further characterization of APP/PS1ΔE9/apoA-IKO mice showed that apoA-I deficiency did not affect amyloid precursor protein processing, soluble Aβ oligomer levels, Aβ plaque load, or levels of insoluble Aβ in brain parenchyma. To examine the effect of Apoa-I deletion on cerebral amyloid angiopathy, we measured insoluble Aβ isolated from cerebral blood vessels. Our data show that in APP/PS1ΔE9/apoA-IKO mice, insoluble Aβ40 is increased more than 10-fold, and Aβ42 is increased 1.5-fold. The increased levels of deposited amyloid in the vessels of cortices and hippocampi of APP/PS1ΔE9/apoA-IKO mice, measured by X-34 staining, confirmed the results. Finally, we demonstrate that lipidated and non-lipidated apoA-I significantly decreased Aβ toxicity against brain vascular smooth muscle cells. We conclude that lack of apoA-I aggravates the memory deficits in APP/PS1ΔE9 mice in parallel to significantly increased cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Failure analysis of the M16 rifle bolt

Abstract Recently, there have been several occurrences of failure in the bolt of the Ml6 rifle at a United States Army installation. Near the failure location, the bolt was subjected to repeated loading as the Ml6 was fired. In order to determine the stress distribution of the bolt due to the firing process, a geometric element analysis was performed using ProMechanica®. The fracture surface was examined using both an optical stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope in order to determine failure initiation and failure mode. It was discovered that the fracture initiated at a localized corrosion pit and propagated by fatigue. A controlled experiment was conducted where 1800 and 3600 rounds were fired using new bolts. After 1800 rounds, a region of wear was observed near the site where fracture occurred in the failed bolt. After 3600 rounds, a notch was observed in this wear region. This suggests two possibilities: firstly, exposure of the base metal may have facilitated the formation of the observed corrosion pits; and secondly, the presence of a notch may facilitate the fracture of bolts in general. In addition, Vickers microhardness profiles were taken on cross-sectional areas near the fillet region and 10 mm away from the failed locking lug. Disparities between microhardness profiles near the fillet region and 10 mm away from this region revealed that the bolt may not have been uniformly case hardened.
Vertical integration in competing supply chains under additive stochastic demand

This article addresses the decision of integration/decentralisation from manufacturers’ perspective in competing supply chains under demand uncertainty. Two manufacturers are considered. Each manufacturer produces a substitutable product and sells it through either a decentralised or an integrated retail store, modelled as a price-setting newsvendor. An additive stochastic demand function is employed to characterise demand and its uncertainty. Results indicate that the impact of demand uncertainty on integration/decentralisation is complicated since it may favour either integration or decentralisation, depending on how demand uncertainty is characterised. Another important finding is that increase in horizontal competition does not necessarily hurt manufacturers and/or retailers.
Solids Circumscribing Spheres

(2006). Solids Circumscribing Spheres. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 113, No. 6, pp. 521-540.
SU-E-T-234: Use of GafChromic RTQA Film for Head Leakage Tests

Purpose: To evaluate the suitability of GafChromic RTQA film for use in head leakage tests and to summarize the advantages/disadvantages of using radiochromic film over traditional radiographic film. Methods: Head leakage tests were conducted on a recently installed Varian 21iX treatment machine. 50 sheets (5 boxes) of 14″ by 17″ GafChromic RTQA film (International Specialty Products) were affixed to the accelerator head with the clear top substrate facing outwards. Leakage tests were performed with a 6 MV photon beam and the smallest possible field, ∼2 mm × ∼2 mm. GafChromic film self‐develops, and areas of leakage were identified without removing the film or pre‐determining the number of monitor units. The film was evaluated after delivery of 10,000 MU, 30,000 MU, and 60,000 MU (100 Gy, 300 Gy and 600 Gy respectively to isocenter). Results: Evidence of leakage radiation was faintly visible after 10,000 MU and clearly visible after 30,000 MU. Survey meter measurements confirmed that the highest leakage occurs at the regions identified by the GafChromic film. The comparison between GafChromic RTQA film and traditionally‐used photographic film can be summarized as an exchange between cost, time, and simplicity. Total retail cost for the GafChromic film used in these measurements was approximately $1200, which is substantially more expensive than radiographic film (approximately $100). Time savings of the GafChromic method was approximately one full workday. GafChromic film was the simpler option for head leakage testing. GafChromic film provides immediate feedback and requires no darkroom, no MU estimation, and no need for film numbering or indexing. Conclusions: This work indicates that, based on time savings and the ease of use, GafChromic RTQA film is a suitable alternative to radiographic film in identifying areas of head leakage.
Access High output heart failure in patients with upper arm A‐V fistulae: Diagnosis and treatment

Purpose: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred blood access for hemodialysis due to its longevity and resistance to infection. Little attention is given to the long-term hemodynamic consequences of large left-to-right shunts, particularly in patients with brachial artery fistulae. Materials and Methods: We describe 9 patients (8 on dialysis, 1 post-transplant), aged 25–73, who developed clinical heart failure, primarily due to large, upper arm AVFs. Results: 4/9 had access flows in excess of 2 liters/min, assessed by blood temperature monitoring. 6/9 had cardiac output measured by right heart catheterization, before and after shunt compression. One also underwent left heart catheterization with ventriculography. 3/9 had surgical reduction of the fistula, either by banding or by serial interposition of small caliber GoreTex graft. In 2/9 the shunt was ligated. One patient had heart failure in association with 2 large, upper arm AVFs, one of which was ligated. After years of improved cardiac symptoms, heart failure recurred in association with marked hypertrophy of his remaining AVF. Resting cardiac output in this patient was in excess of 11 liters/min. 2/9 experienced acute onset of heart failure within 1–3 days of angioplasty of a venous stenosis. One of these, with very poor baseline cardiac function, expired. Surgical revision or ligation was accompanied by clinical improvement in the 5 patients so treated. One of these expired of a stroke after two months of cardiac improvement. Conclusion: High output heart failure is under-diagnosed in dialysis patients. Patients with large upper arm shunts are particularly at risk. Access flow should be assessed regularly and those with outputs >1.5 liters/min should be monitored closely for development of heart failure. Surgical correction is beneficial and indicated in symptomatic patients. Patient number Age/Sex Access type Years with access Flow (liters/min) Change CO (liters/min) Rx Outcome 1 37/M AVF 8 >2 1.7 Reduction Improved 2 26/M AVF 5 >2 2.4 Band Improved 3 73/M AVF 3 >2 1.5 Reduction Improved 4 45/M AVF 10 n/a 3.2 Reduction Improved 5 65/M AVF 4 >2 2.8 Band Improved 6 57/F AVG 4 1.2 1.8 7 39/F AVF 2 n/a n/a Ligate Improved 8 66/M AVG 0.3 0.7 n/a Ligate Improved 9 69/F AVF 0.25 n/a n/a Expired
Monitoring of API particle size during solid dosage form manufacturing process by chemical imaging and particle sizing

Agglomeration of API during a solid dosage form manufacturing process is followed from the bulk API, through the initial blend with the excipients to the ribbons by a combination of chemical imaging and particle sizing experiments. Particle size of the ingoing API was characterized using a Sympatec HELOS laser diffractometer. Chemical images of the API were obtained from the blends, granules, and ribbons using near-infrared (NIR) and Raman mapping instruments. All the chemical images are obtained in the univariate fashion through the API-characteristic wavenumbers. Light microscopy and laser diffraction were used to assess presence of large agglomerates in the bulk API. NIR chemical images of the sparsely distributed blend particles confirmed that the large agglomerates were not dispersed during the blending. Also, it was found that normal microscopy may be efficient at detecting those API agglomerates due to their distinct appearance (whiteness and size). The agglomerates were not detected in the NIR chemical images of the granules and the ribbons. This was more reliably confirmed by Raman chemical images in which small API domains were clearly identified which was not attainable by NIR mapping.
From Kids, Through Kids, To Kids: Examining the Social Influence Strategies Used by Adolescents to Promote Prevention Among Peers

Recent technological advances have increased the interest and ability of lay audiences to create messages; however, the feasibility of incorporating lay multimedia messages into health campaigns has seldom been examined. Drawing on the principle of cultural grounding and narrative engagement theory, this article seeks to examine what types of messages adolescents believe are most effective in persuading their peers to resist substance use and to provide empirical data on the extent to which audience-generated intervention messages are consistent with the associated campaign philosophy and branding. Data for the current study are prevention messages created by students as part of a four-lesson substance use prevention “booster” program delivered to eighth-grade students in 20 rural schools in Pennsylvania and Ohio during 2010–2011. Content analysis results indicate that didactic message strategies were more common in audience-generated messages than narrative strategies, although strategy was somewhat depe...
Sensitivity to Merthiolate: A cause of false delayed intradermal reactions: Clinical and histological investigations

Abstract Five cases of sensitivity to Merthiolate are reported in which intradermal tests with antigens containing Merthiolate as a preservative caused consistently delayed tuberculin-type reactions. The allergic nature of the reactions was proved by positive patch and intradermal tests with Merthiolate. Histologic examination showed an epidermal type reaction to a patch test in one case, and dermal reactions in 2 cases. The intradermal tests showed mainly a dermal infiltrate that often followed sweat ducts and encroached upon sweat coils. Delayed reactions to intradermal tests due to Merthiolate-containing diluting fluid may become a cause of misleading false positive reactions to intradermal tests with so-called simple chemicals such as nickel, dichromate, and neomycin.
Fair reconstruction of a secret

Abstract After gathering sufficient shadows from honest participants and deriving the secret exclusively, a participant, in the process of reconstruction a secret, can turn dishonest and withhold his own shadow (or present a fake shadow) so that others cannot obtain the secret. Previous solutions to overcome this cheating problem require all participants to release their shadows simultaneously; which is difficult to enforce without other supporting protocols. In this paper, we propose a secret reconstruction protocol to solve the cheating problem without the simultaneous release constraint. This protocol is unconditionally secure and can be incorporated with any secret sharing scheme to realize any secret sharing policy.
Continuity properties of vector measures

This paper is a sequel to [ I 1. Using projections in the universal measure space of W. H. Graves [ 6 1, we study continuity and orthogonality properties of vector measures. To each strongly countably additive measure 4 on an algebra .d with range in a complete locally convex space we associate a projection P,, which may be thought of as the support of @ and as a projection-valued measure. Our main result is that, as measures, # and P, are mutually continuous. It follows that measures may be compared by comparing their projections. The projection P, induces a decomposition of vector measures which turns out to be Traynor’s general Lebesgue decomposition [8) relative to qs. Those measures $ for which algebraic d-continuity is equivalent to $continuity are characterized in terms of projections, while $-continuity is shown to be equivalent to &order-continuity whenever -d is a u-algebra. Using projections associated with nonnegative measures, we approximate every 4 uniformly on the algebra ,d by vector measures which have control measures. Last, we interpret our results algebraically. Under the equivalence relation of mutual continuity, and with the order induced by continuity, the collection of strongly countably additive measures on .d which take values in complete spaces forms a complete Boolean algebra 1 rV, which is isomorphic to the Boolean algebra of projections in the universal measure space. The homomorphic image of the lattice of nonnegative measures on .d is a dense u-ideal in 4. Using the results in this paper, the author and W. H. Graves have investigated the range of a vector measure [ 3 1 and characterized the closed measures of Kluvanek (21. All definitions and notation are as in [ 11. In particular, .d is a fixed algebra of subsets of a nonempty set X and L(.d) is the universal measure 268 0022-247X/82/030268-13$02.00/O
The congress dances: Vienna 1814–1815

(1987). The congress dances: Vienna 1814–1815. History of European Ideas: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 103-103.
Effect of Baking Procedure and Storage on the Pasting Properties and Staling of Part-Baked and Rebaked White Pan Bread Crumb

In this investigation, the white pan breads were part-baked for 10, 15, 20 minutes at 230°C with and without calcium propionate (0.2%), were stored at room temperature (20°C) for 3, 5, 7 days wrapped with two polyethylene bags. After storage, baking time of part-baked breads was completed to the baking time of control breads (25 minutes). Breads were subjected to softness analysis and pasting properties of bread crumb were determined using the Brabender Amylograph. Addition of Ca-propionate decreased softness value of crumb of bread rebaked after part-baked, while the peak, holding end and cooling end viscosities increased. The increase in initial baking time resulted in a decrease in the pasting temperature and softness value and an increase in the bump area and viscosity of the rebaked bread crumb. Bump area, water activity, softness value and peak, holding end and cooling end viscosities of crumb of the rebaked bread after part-baking decreased with longer (intermediate storage) time. Peak viscosity an...
Predictive Factors for Positive Surgical Margins and Their Locations After Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Abstract Background Positive surgical margin (PSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP) has been shown to be an independent predictive factor for cancer recurrence. Several investigations have correlated clinical and histopathologic findings with surgical margin status after open RP. However, few studies have addressed the predictive factors for PSM after robot-assisted laparoscopic RP (RARP). Objective We sought to identify predictive factors for PSMs and their locations after RARP. Design, setting, and participants We prospectively analyzed 876 consecutive patients who underwent RARP from January 2008 to May 2009. Intervention All patients underwent RARP performed by a single surgeon with previous experience of >1500 cases. Measurements Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify potential predictive factors for PSM. Three logistic regression models were built: (1) one using preoperative variables only, (2) another using all variables (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative) combined, and (3) one created to identify potential predictive factors for PSM location. Preoperative variables entered into the models included age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, number of positive cores, percentage of positive cores, and American Urological Association symptom score. Intra- and postoperative variables analyzed were type of nerve sparing, presence of median lobe, percentage of tumor in the surgical specimen, gland size, histopathologic findings, pathologic stage, and pathologic Gleason grade. Results and limitations In the multivariable analysis including preoperative variables, clinical stage was the only independent predictive factor for PSM, with a higher PSM rate for T3 versus T1c (odds ratio [OR]: 10.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–43.8) and for T2 versus T1c (OR: 2.9; 95% CI, 1.9–4.6). Considering pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables combined, percentage of tumor, pathologic stage, and pathologic Gleason score were associated with increased risk of PSM in the univariable analysis ( p p =0.0022) were the only independent predictive factors for PSM. Finally, BMI was shown to be an independent predictive factor (OR: 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.3; p =0.0119) for apical PSMs, with increasing BMI predicting higher incidence of apex location. Because most of our patients were referred from other centers, the biopsy technique and the number of cores were not standardized in our series. Conclusions Clinical stage was the only preoperative variable independently associated with PSM after RARP. Pathologic stage and percentage of tumor in the surgical specimen were identified as independent predictive factors for PSMs when analyzing pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables combined. BMI was shown to be an independent predictive factor for apical PSMs.
Patients With Venous Thromboembolism Appear to Have Higher Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Than the General Population

Introduction. The link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unclear. We sought to study a possible association between VTE and OSA. Methods. We retrospecti...
Platelet adhesion to simulated stented surfaces.

Purpose:To determine if the protrusion of stent struts into the flow stream, which creates stagnation along the wall dependent on the strut spacing, has an effect on platelet adhesion.Methods:Three 2-dimensional stents with different strut spacings were placed in a flat-plate flow chamber. Human blood was collected and platelets were labeled with indium 111. The blood with radioactive platelets was pumped through the flow chamber for 30 minutes to produce a pulsatile wall shear stress of 10±5 dynes/cm2 (mean ± amplitude at 1 Hz). A gamma counter measured radioactivity along the surface and on the stents. Computational flow simulations provided specific data on flow separation and wall shear stress for each stent strut spacing tested (2.5, 4.0, and 7.0 times the strut height).Results:The presence of any stent provoked an elevation in platelet adhesion within the stented region (p<0.05). The stents with larger strut spacing had higher platelet adhesion on the substrate in the stented region (1.71±0.63 norma...
The transport properties of polyimide isomers containing hexafluoroisopropylidene in the diamine residue

The effect of modification of the central moiety of the dianhydride residue and isomerism on the gas transport and physical properties were compared for six polyimides containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene group in the diamine residue. Substitution of bulkier groups within the dianhydride residue resulted in disruption of chain packing and slight increases in resistance to chain motions which led to an increase in permeability with little loss in selectivity. The permeabilities and diffusivities in the meta connected polyimide isomers were considerably lower than in the para connected polyimide isomers. Similarly, the permselectivities in the meta connected isomers were consistently higher than in the para connected isomers. These lower permeabilities and higher permselectivities were a result of the more dense packing and a significant suppression of small scale motions in the meta connected isomers. The suppression of segmental mobility in the meta connected isomers was indicated by an increase in the sub Tg transition temperatures in these materials relative to the para connected isomers. The differences in transport properties for these polyimides were attributed to contributions by several factors, including: (1) total free volume (2) distribution of free volume (3) intersegmental resistance to chain motions, and (4) intrasegmental resistance to chain motions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Motivational Interviewing with Psychiatrically Ill Substance Abusing Patients

This pilot study reports the relative efficacy of a one-session preadmission motivational interview (n = 13) compared to a standard preadmission interview (n = 10) for psychiatrically ill substance abusing patients in a partial hospital program.
A two-channel feedback active noise control system with delayless subband architecture to reduce compressor noise of an enclosed heating, ventilation and air conditioning unit:

This paper discusses the development of an active noise control (ANC) system to cancel compressor noise produced by a commercially available heating, ventilation and air conditioning unit enclosed within a closet. Feedback ANC architecture that requires no reference microphone is used for cost-effectiveness. A novel delayless subband adaptive filtering technique is used to reduce computational complexity of the algorithm and improve system performance. Finally, the system is extended to two-channel architecture in order to provide an additional zone of silence. Using an experimental setup, the noise from the compressor at two error microphone positions is recorded and all necessary secondary path measurements are taken. Noise attenuation levels of 11 dB and 21 dB are obtained at the two error microphones, resulting in an average attenuation of 18 dB.
Urban land use classification using synthetic aperture radar

Several approaches to the use of radar imagery for land use classification of urban and near-urban areas are presented. The use of L band, horizontal transmit, and horizontal receive data is emphasized because of their general availability. For urban area studies using imaging radar, the effects of processing in an off-zero Doppler or squint mode, of the presence of large diffuse scatters, and of the possibility of height measurements are discussed. Data from the Los Angeles area are illustratively used.
MEAN-FIELD THEORY FOR ALKALI-METAL-DOPED POLYACETYLENE

The Landau theory used by Choi and Mele (CM) to treat their rotor model on a triangular lattice for the orientational ordering of polyacetylene chains in alkali-metal-doped polyacetylene is studied. A reanalysis of the higher-order terms in the Landau expansion indicates that cosine ordering can support a nonzero cubic term in the Landau expansion whereas the sine-ordered phase has no such term. To construct a phase diagram requires a numerical solution of the self-consistent equations of mean-field theory. Although this analysis does not convincingly treat the incommensurate phases found by CM, it does identify an unusually rich variety of thermodynamically stable phases and leads to significant modifications of the previous phase diagram. However, we do confirm the principle result of CM, that alkali-metal doping tends to destabilize the herringbone phase that exists in the undoped system. We also identify a number of interesting multicritical points. At one of these, the quadratic terms in the Landau expansion are totally independent of wave vector. This situation is similar to that for the kagome antiferromagnet.
Experience-Sampling Research Methods and Their Potential for Education Research:

Experience-sampling methods (ESM) enable us to learn about individuals’ lives in context by measuring participants’ feelings, thoughts, actions, context, and/or activities as they go about their daily lives. By capturing experience, affect, and action in the moment and with repeated measures, ESM approaches allow researchers access to expand the areas and aspects of participants’ experiences they can investigate and describe and to better understand how people and contexts shape these experiences. We argue ESM approaches can be particularly enriching for education research by enabling us to ask new and interesting questions about how students, teachers, and school leaders engage with education as they are living their lives and thus help us to better understand how education contexts shape learning and other outcomes. In this article, we highlight the value of these approaches for addressing new and exciting questions they may help education researchers to answer as they allow us to uncover experience in ...
Roton creation and vortex nucleation in superfluids

Abstract The nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation is used to analyze the superfluid flow around an impurity. The differences between the processes of vortex nucleation and roton creation are elucidated. It is argued that vortices are nucleated when the velocity around the ion exceeds the velocity of sound.
The Utility of Flow Cytometry for the Diagnosis of Cranial Mediastinal Malignancy in Canine Patients

Introduction: The most common neoplasms located in the anterior mediastinum in the canine are thymoma and lymphoma. Distinguishing between the two is a diagnostic challenge. Treatment and prognosis for these diseases differs significantly. Thymomas contain a population of normally developing T cells. The majority of these T cells exhibit an immature phenotype, characterized by co-expression of CD4 and CD8. This phenotype is rarely seen on neoplastic lymphocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if analysis by flow cytometry could discriminate thymoma from lymphoma based on these cell surface markers. Methods: Fine needle aspirates were obtained from ten canine patients with mediastinal masses. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using a panel of T and B cell markers. Results: Six cases with 10% or greater CD4 + CD8+ cells were diagnosed with thymoma and were confirmed by histopathology. Four cases had fewer than 5% CD4 + CD8+ cells, having lymphocytes expressing CD4 only (3 cases) or CD21, a B cell marker(1 case). These were confirmed as lymphoma by cytology and/or a clonality assay. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay when used in the diagnostic work-up for suspected thymoma was 100%. Conclusion: Flow cytometry may provide important, complementary information in the diagnostic work-up of the canine patient with a mediastinal mass.
In vitro evaluation of the retention of composite fiber and stainless steel posts.

Purpose This study compared the tensile retentive strength of composite fiber-reinforced dowels luted with a resin cement to stainless steel dowels luted with zinc phosphate cement. Materials and Methods The crowns of 40 extracted human mandibular premolars were removed with a separating disc 1-mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10). A post space was prepared in each specimen to a depth of 9 mm, using the drill supplied by the respective manufacturer. For the stainless steel post group, 1.25-mm-diameter posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. For the composite fiber reinforced groups, posts with diameters of 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 mm were luted with a Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate (BIS-GMA) resin bonding system (Jeneric/Pentron, Wallingford, CT) according to manufacturer specifications. The specimens were stored in a sealed container with a moist environment for 24 hours, placed in a fixture in an 801 Materials Test Systems (MTS) machine (MTS Systems Corp, Minneapolis, MN), and loaded in tension at a rate of 5.0 mm/min until failure. Differences among the 4 groups were determined using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-B post-hoc tests (α= 0.05). Results The mean loads to failure ranged from 43.9 ± 10.4 kg for the stainless steel dowel group to 19.9 ± 5.7 kg for the composite fiber–reinforced 1.00-mm-diameter group. The stainless steel post luted with zinc phosphate cement provided significantly greater tensile resistance than all composite fiber dowel groups. The retention of the 1.00-mm composite fiber–reinforced post was significantly less than the remaining groups. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, the stainless steel dowel luted with zinc phosphate cement provided significantly greater retention.
Understanding Rape and Sexual Assault 20 Years of Progress and Future Directions

During the past 20 years, researchers have documented the widespread problem of rape in American society. Approximately one in four women are raped in their adult lifetime, which causes severe psychological distress and long-term physical health problems. The impact of sexual assault extends far beyond rape survivors as their family, friends, and significant others are also negatively affected. Moreover, those who help rape victims, such as rape victim advocates, therapists, as well as sexual assault researchers, can experience vicarious trauma. Future research and advocacy should focus on improving the community response to rape and the prevention of sexual assault.
A State-Space Approach to Optimal Level-Crossing Prediction for Linear Gaussian Processes

In this paper, approximations of an optimal level-crossing predictor for a zero-mean stationary linear dynamical system driven by Gaussian noise in state-space form are investigated. The study of this problem is motivated by the practical implications for design of an optimal alarm system, which will elicit the fewest false alarms for a fixed detection probability in this context. This work introduces the use of Kalman filtering in tandem with the optimal level-crossing prediction problem. It is shown that there is a negligible loss in overall accuracy when using approximations to the theoretically optimal predictor, at the advantage of greatly reduced computational complexity.
Biosynthesis and Degradation of Galactosyloligosaccharides

Galactose-containing sugars are of considerable importance in biological sys tems. The galactose-containing disaccharide lactose [(4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl) -D-glucopyranose] is probably the most familiar of the galactose-containing sugars in nature because of its primary importance as a nutritional component of mammalian milk. As such, lactose has received appreciable study at both the chemical and biochemical levels. Indeed, much of what is known about galactose metabolism in mammalian and microbial systems has arisen from studies on this disaccharide [1]. However, in the plant kingdom, many galactosides, and in particular tri- and tetrasaccharides comprising several series of galactosyloligosaccharides, play important biochemical and physiological roles at many stages of plant development. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the range of these naturally occurring galactose-containing sugars that are found in plants, and to explore the mechanisms by which plants synthesize, utilize and degrade these compounds.
Characterization of Glycosaminoglycan-binding Domains Present in Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3

Matrix metalloproteinase 3 cleaves insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) into six fragments, four of which bind heparin-Sepharose (Fowlkes, J. L., Enghild, J. J., Suzuki, K., and Nagase, H. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 25742-25746). Sequence analysis of IGFBP-3 heparin-binding fragments shows that all fragments contain at least one of two highly basic, putative heparin-binding consensus sequences present in IGFBP-3. Epitope-specific antibodies generated against synthetic peptides containing these domains recognized IGFBP-3, yet were significantly inhibited from binding in the presence of heparin, demonstrating that these regions of IGFBP-3 contain functional heparin-binding domains. IGFBP-3 peptides containing one of the two heparin-binding consensus sequences bound heparin in a solid phase binding assay in a dose-dependent and saturable manner. However, the IGFBP-3 peptide containing the heparin-binding consensus sequence 149KKGHA153 bound heparin with ∼4-fold less affinity than the IGFBP-3 peptide containing the longer heparin-binding consensus sequence 219YKKKQCRP226. Examination of several well characterized glycosaminoglycans to inhibit the binding of heparin to both heparin-binding IGFBP-3 peptides revealed that the most potent inhibitors were heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate; chondroitin sulfate A and hyaluronic acid were intermediate in their inhibitory activities; and chondroitin sulfate C caused no inhibition. These studies identify and characterize the glycosaminoglycan-binding domains in IGFBP-3, providing a basis for the better understanding of IGFBP-3-glycosaminoglycan interactions at the cellular and extracellular interface.
On a New Type of Denial of Service Attack in Wireless Networks: The Distributed Jammer Network

In this paper, we introduce a new type of denial of service attack to wireless networks: distributed jammer network (DJN), which is made of a large number of low-power, tiny radio jammers. Recent advancements in MEMS and NANO technologies made it possible to build nano-scale jammers that can be deployed in quantities of tens of thousands if not more. Jamming attack on wireless networks was traditionally treated from the perspective of individual jammers. We advocate an approach based on the networked perspective, and using this networked approach we show that some interesting results can be obtained. In the paper, first, we demonstrate that DJN can cause a phase transition in the performance of the target network. We employ percolation theory to explain such phase transition, to analyze the impact of DJN on the connectivity of the target network, and to provide lower and upper bounds for the percolation of the target network to occur in the presence of DJN. Second, we provide the scaling analysis of the jamming performance in relation to the jammer node density with the power density constraint. Third, we present simulation results describing the impact of DJN topology on the jamming effectiveness.
Powdered Particle Interactions: Suspension Flocculation and Caking I

The incompatibility of bismuth subnitrate with tragacanth mucilage has been reported in the literature. In this study, the phenomenon is discussed in terms of the chemical reaction that occurs between reactive bismuth sites on the bismuth subnitrate particle surface and the acidic groups of the D-galacturonic acid units of the complex acid polysaccharide present in the tragacanth gum.
AESTHETIC RESTORATION OF ACQUIRED NASAL DEFECTS

Aesthetic restoration of acquired nasal defects has intrigued reconstructive surgeons for centuries. Because of the myriad reconstructive options, there is a need for a logical and sequential approach to the decision-making process used in choosing the appropriate reconstruction for a specific nasal defect. Based on a literature review and extensive clinical experience, a recommended outline is presented that is organized by location and size of the nasal defect.
Food Chain/Foodweb/Food Cycle

A representation of the feeding relationships within an ecosystem is given. Energy flow through the system is shown by diagrammatically linking predators with their prey. The three terms “food chain”, “foodweb”, and “food cycle” are nearly interchangeable, although food chains are usually simpler representations, lacking omnivory and other complications of real systems. Oversimplification is a common criticism of food chains, but also of foodwebs and food cycles. As models of one of the ways that organisms within an ecosystem interact, they always lack some complexities found in real ecosystems. The degree of naturally occurring complexity that is represented in any given foodweb depends largely on the purpose for which the model is constructed. It may be acceptable for some purposes to show only the most important energy paths, with many species lumped together into functional groups. Other needs may require greater detail or may require making aspects of the foodweb quantitative. Regardless of the simplicity or complexity, foodwebs are a powerful tool for studying ecosystems. Foodwebs from different types of ecosystems share certain basic characteristics. The search for properties that are general to all foodwebs is an interesting area of ecological research. Keywords: primary producer; consumer; decomposer; trophic level; omnivory; mixotrophy; ontogenetic niche; microbial loop; ecosystem models; keystone predator; connectance; plankton; rocky intertidal zone
Effects of coupling capacitance and inductance on delay uncertainty and clock skew

With the continuous increase of circuit density, interconnect length, and aspect ratio, the influence of capacitive and inductive coupling on timing characteristics of integrated circuits has become very critical. In this paper, the effects of capacitive and inductive coupling on delay uncertainty and clock skew have been analyzed. Analytical observations and simulation results show that coupling capacitance and mutual inductance have opposite impacts on delay and clock skew variations. It is illustrated that while capacitive coupling worsens both variations, growing inductive coupling can actually counter-balance the negative impacts to some degree.
Innovation from differentiation: pollution control departments and innovation in the printed circuit industry

Theory predicts that managers will create specialized boundary-spanning departments to insulate a firm from changing surrounding conditions. Theory also predicts such insulating structures will inhibit adaptation. The author has found that in response to changing water-pollution regulation, top managers indeed created specialized pollution-control departments to insulate the existing process, but some of these departments acted not as insulators but as conduits for information and thereby helped both to improve the efficiency of the production process and to reduce pollution. The special role of these departments allowed unique access to and perspective on information from inside and outside the organization and gave them an incentive to use this information to improve core processes. Thus, this research suggests that pollution-control departments may belong to a class of boundary spanners that represent a special case for organizational design. >
Pulmonary Issues in Patients with Chronic Neuromuscular Disease

Patients with chronic neuromuscular diseases such as spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and muscular dystrophies experience respiratory complications that are cared for by the respiratory practitioner. An organized anatomical approach for evaluation and treatment is helpful to provide appropriate clinical care. Effective noninvasive strategies for management of hypoventilation, sleep-disordered breathing, and cough insufficiency are available for these patients.
A monolithic high-power series voltage regulator

A complete series voltage regulator circuit capable of delivering /SUP 1///SUB 2/ ampere of current has been built on a single 63/spl times/66-mil die using the conventional all- diffused processing technology. Improved performance has been achieved by using an internal low-power voltage regulator to supply the desired dc output voltage reference directly to a second main regulator. This permits the dc and ac characteristics of the regulator to be separately optimized with the result that excellent transient characteristics are realized simultaneously with low drift and excellent regulation.
Characterizing microbial communities dedicated for conversion of coal to methane in situ and ex situ

Abstract To enhance methane production in situ in bituminous coal seams, distribution of microorganisms in the formation water collected from a coalbed methane well was investigated. Based on next generation DNA sequencing, both bacteria (231 species) and archaea (33 species) were identified. Among the bacterial kingdom, polymer-degrading, benzoate, fatty acid and sugar utilizing bacteria were dominant. Among the archaea domain, the major methanogens (89.8%) belonged to the order of Methanobacteriales which are hydrogenotrophic. To develop a microbial consortium for ex situ coal bioconversion, the original microbial community was adapted to ground coals for five months in a laboratory environment. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of 185 bacteria species and nine archaea species which were dramatically different from those in the original formation water. In particular, the majority (90.4%) of methanogens were under the order of Methanomicrobiales. To increase methane production, two nutrient solutions were tested. Solution #2 which targeted methanogens provided a methane yield of 111 ft3/ton in 20 days, which translated to a 5.6 ft3/ton-day. In addition, the adapted consortium was found to be aerotolerant.
Gentrification and Economic Development: Impact on Poor Inner City Residents

Since the 1970's, American inner cities, particularly in the northeast, have undergone significant economic, structural and aesthetic changes. Many cities with predominantly blue collar work forces have found it difficult to adjust to the changing demands of the market place. An economic conversion took place during the 1970's which led to a decrease in the demand for blue collar workers and increased the need for better educated and technologically literate workers. Some cities understood the historical cyclical changes inherent in their economies and were prepared to address these changes. Those cities which were ill prepared for these structural changes in market demands realized record unemployment rates, pervasive poverty and urban flight. In recent years, cities have engaged in extensive urban renewal and revitalization of downtown areas in order to attract the middle-class citizens back to the inner city. This process, often referred to as gentrification often displaces and marginalizes poor inner city residents. This paper examines the impact of gentrification on the social and economic progress of low income citizens in urban areas. The primary goal of this paper is to determine if gentrification adversely impacts the economic growth rate of poor persons by displacing them to areas with decreased opportunities for upward mobility and by segregating them to areas with limited access to essential public and private sector services.