cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Optical Constants of Magnesium and Zinc Crystals

Magnesium and zinc were prepared in the form of hexagonal crystals. Their optical constants (4500A to 6500A) were then determined by the crystelliptometer, polarimetric method. Plane polarized light at an azimuth of 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} was reflected from one of the six faces of the crystal which was placed successively in two principal positions in which the principal axis of the crystal was (1) perpendicular or (2) parallel to the plane of incidence. Two sets of optical constants (index of refraction, absorption index and reflecting power) were thus obtained for each metal. Both indices of refraction for magnesium were found to be less than.5 for wave-lengths within the visible spectrum. The indices of refraction for zinc were found to be greater than unity except for the shortest wave-lengths employed. The reflecting powers of both metals agree well with the comparison determinations available. No marked selectivity was found in the optical properties of either metal.
LATENT SOCIAL SERVICES IN GROUP DIETING

Participant observation and interview data from diet groups reveal some latent and unintended consequences in a voluntary, self-help facility. Group dieting offers five basic social services: (1) the encouragement to let off steam; (2) a friendly social occasion to express sociability for its own sake as a means to face tensions; (3) an outlet to express specific fears and worries; (4) a consumer's guide for the giving and receiving of practical knowledge; and (5) support and suggestions for constructing helpful solutions to emotional problems.
Massively parallel finite element computation of incompressible flows involving fluid-body interactions

Abstract We describe our massively parallel finite element computations of unsteady incompressible flows involving fluid-body interactions. These computations are based on the Deforming-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized-Space-Time (DSD/SST) finite element formulation. Unsteady flows past a stationary NACA 0012 airfoil are computed for Reynolds numbers 1000, 5000 and 100 000. Significantly different flow patterns are observed for these three cases. The method is then applied to computation of the dynamics of an airfoil falling in a viscous fluid under the influence of gravity. It is observed that the location of the center of gravity of the airfoil plays an important role in determining its pitch stability. Computations are reported also for simulation of the dynamics of a two-dimensional ‘projectile’ that has a certain initial velocity. Specially designed mesh moving schemes are employed to eliminate the need for remeshing. All these computations were carried out on the Thinking Machines CM-200 and CM-5 supercomputers, with major speed-ups compared to traditional supercomputers. The implicit equation systems arising from the finite element discretizations of these large-scale problems are solved iteratively by using the GMRES update technique with diagonal preconditioners. The finite element formulations and their parallel implementations assume unstructured meshes.
Advances in deformation processed gold composites

Conventional metallic composites are comprised of a metal matrix with a ceramic second phase. In recent years, composites have been developed in which both the matrix and the reinforcing phase are ductile metals. In 1998 a 90 vol%Au – 10 vol% Ag metal-metal composite wire was produced and found to possess both high tensile strength (550 MPa) and low electrical resistivity (2.56 m ohm-cm). In that composite, the silver reinforcing phase consisted of sub-micron diameter filaments parallel to the wire axis. This article describes the microstructures, mechanical properties, and electrical resistivity of three gold matrix composites in which the reinforcing phases are 7 vol% Ag, 14 vol% Ag, and 7 vol%Pt. These composites were drawn to diameters as small as 60 microns. Results from wedge bonding trials with these composite wires are also reported.
The role of artificial intelligence technologies in the implementation of People-Finder knowledge management systems

The development of knowledge management systems (KMS) demands that knowledge be obtained, shared and regulated by individuals and knowledge-sharing organizational systems, such as knowledge repositories. People-Finder systems, a type of knowledge repository, attempt to manage knowledge by pointing to experts possessing specific knowledge within an organization. Details about such systems implemented at several organizations such as Hewlett–Packard, National Security Agency and Microsoft are presented. Insights, challenges and future development plans gained through the development of a People-Finder are discussed. Finally, concluding remarks about the role of artificial intelligence in the development of People-Finder KMS and automating the process of profile maintenance are discussed.
Further results on a distribution of Meinhold and Singpurwalla

Abstract In an earlier article in this journal, Meinhold and Singpurwalla (1987) proposed the use of what they termed the double lognormal distribution for use in the context of dose-response modeling. This article presents some additional properties of this unusual distribution, including probability density plots, discussion of the relationships between the distribution parameters and the pdf shapes, and estimation of parameters.
Clone Management for Evolving Software

Recent research results suggest a need for code clone management. In this paper, we introduce JSync, a novel clone management tool. JSync provides two main functions to support developers in being aware of the clone relation among code fragments as software systems evolve and in making consistent changes as they create or modify cloned code. JSync represents source code and clones as (sub)trees in Abstract Syntax Trees, measures code similarity based on structural characteristic vectors, and describes code changes as tree editing scripts. The key techniques of JSync include the algorithms to compute tree editing scripts, to detect and update code clones and their groups, to analyze the changes of cloned code to validate their consistency, and to recommend relevant clone synchronization and merging. Our empirical study on several real-world systems shows that JSync is efficient and accurate in clone detection and updating, and provides the correct detection of the defects resulting from inconsistent changes to clones and the correct recommendations for change propagation across cloned code.
The two-component spinor field

Abstract We present a theory of the classical two-component spinor field, and its interpretation as a wave function in relativistic quantum mechanics. Contrary to the classical Dirac bispinor field, this spinor field gives rise to a conserved indefinite charge, which is the basis of the probabilistic interpretation of the wave function. We first present the theory of a spin- 1 2 particle in an external electromagnetic field, which is then extended to several identical fermions. We are dealing with a theory of a fixed number of particles, in which pair annihilation and creation appear in the form of a reflection of the wave packet by a potential barrier on the time axis, which changes the mode of propagation of a particle from forward to backward in time and viceversa. We also present the theory of the interaction with a dynamical electromagnetic field, in a gauge-independent, Lorentz-covariant, observer-dependent formulation. A brief discussion of the possible quantization procedures, using commutators or anticommutators, for the spinor field follows.
Note: Every 4-connected line graph of a quasi claw-free graph is hamiltonian connected

Let G be a graph. For u,v@?V(G) with dist"G(u,v)=2, denote J"G(u,v)={w@?N"G(u)@?N"G(v)|N"G(w)@?N"G(u)@?N"G(v)@?{u,v}}. A graph G is called quasi claw-free if J"G(u,v) @A for any u,v@?V(G) with dist"G(u,v)=2. In 1986, Thomassen conjectured that every 4-connected line graph is hamiltonian. In this paper we show that every 4-connected line graph of a quasi claw-free graph is hamiltonian connected.
The Relative Role of Gonadal Sex Steroids and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Frequency in the Regulation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in Men

Objective: Our objective was to determine the importance of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and GnRH pulse frequency to FSH regulation in men. Design: This was a prospective study with four arms. Setting: The study was performed at the General Clinical Research Center. Patients or Other Participants: There were 20 normal (NL) men and 15 men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) who completed the study. Intervention: Medical castration and inhibition of aromatase were achieved using ketoconazole × 7 d with: 1) no sex steroid addback, 2) T addback starting on d 4, and 3) E2 addback starting on d 4. IHH men in these arms received GnRH every 120 min. In a further six IHH men receiving ketoconazole with no addback, GnRH frequency was increased to 35 min for d 4–7. Blood was drawn every 10 min × 12 h at baseline, overnight on d 3–4 and 6–7. Main Outcome Measures: Mean FSH was calculated from the pool of each frequent sampling study. Results: In NL men FSH levels increased from 5.1 ± 0.7 to 8.7 ±...
My experience with simulation/gaming— 5 years further down the road

This article presents the author’s viewpoint on how innovations in information technology, mainly in the area of decision support systems, during the past 5 years have made possible an increase in the use of business gaming as a context for the study of collaborative strategic decision making. To help explain this opinion, the case of group support for a plant location decision is discussed. Some closing remarks on how the author’s perspective has changed over the past 5 years are provided.
MASCF: A generic process-centered methodological framework for analysis and design of multi-agent supply chain systems

Multi-agent systems (MAS) are becoming popular for modeling complex systems such as supply chains. However, development of multi-agent systems remain quite involved and extremely time consuming. Currently, there exist no generic methodologies for modeling supply chains using multi-agent systems. In this research, we propose a generic process-centered methodological framework, Multi-Agent Supply Chain Framework (MASCF), to simplify MAS development for supply chain (SC) applications. MASCF introduces the notion of process-centered organization metaphor, and creatively adopts Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model to a well-structured generic MAS analysis and design methodology, Gaia, for multi-agent supply chain system (MASCS) development. The popular Tamagotchi case was designed and analyzed using MASCF. The validity of the framework was established by implementing MASCF output of Tamagotchi SC using the Java Agent DEvelopment Framework (JADE).
Composition of Cheddar Cheese Made with Sodium Chloride and Potassium Chloride Either Singly or as Mixtures

Abstract Cheddar cheese from three separate split lots of cheese curd was prepared with added NaCl, KCl, or mixtures of NaCl/KCl (2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 3:4, all on wt/wt basis) to achieve final salt concentrations of approximately 1.50 or 1.75%. Unsalted cheese also was prepared from each lot of curd. Cheeses were analyzed for pH and contents of moisture, fat, chloride, sodium, and potassium. Cheeses salted with NaCl/KCl mixtures retained more NaCl than did cheeses salted with NaCl, whereas cheeses salted with KCl retained more KCl than did cheeses salted with NaCl/KCl mixtures. The pH values of 3-day-old cheeses salted with KCl or NaCl/KCl were 0.04 and 0.06 unit lower, respectively, than those of cheeses salted with NaCl. There were no appreciable differences in the moisture and fat-in-dry-matter contents of cheeses made with NaCl, KCl, or mixtures of NaCl/KCl. Results indicate that low-sodium Cheddar cheese can readily be produced without affecting its composition when one-third or more of the NaCl added to cheese curds is replaced with KCl.
The Hierarchy of Evidence: From Unsystematic Clinical Observations to Systematic Reviews

A key principle of evidence-based medicine is the recognition that not all evidence is similarly protected against error, and that decisions that rely on evidence would be more confident when the evidence is more protected against bias by virtue of the methods used. Thus, a fundamental principle of evidence-based medicine is the recognition of a hierarchy of evidence. A review of the different approaches the scientific method has evolved to protect evidence from bias is presented as well as the evolution of how methodologists have built hierarchies of evidence and note the limitations and merits of these approaches.
Monitoring load levels in multi-wire strands by nonlinear ultrasonic waves

Monitoring load levels in multi-wire steel strands is relevant to ensuring the proper structural performance of post-tensioned concrete structures, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges. This article investigates the use of ultrasonic nonlinearity as a means to determine the level of load applied to the strands. Since an axial load on a multi-wire strand generates proportional contact stresses between adjacent wires, ultrasonic nonlinearity from the inter-wire contact must be related to the level of axial load. This article shows that the higher harmonic generation of ultrasonic guided waves propagating in individual wires of the strand indeed changes monotonically with the applied load, with smaller higher harmonic amplitudes with increasing load levels. This trend is consistent with known studies on higher harmonic generation from ultrasonic plane waves incident on a contact interface under a changing contact pressure. The article presents experimental studies on free strands and embedded strands...
OPC-free and minimally irregular IC design style

Advancements in IC manufacturing technologies allow for building very large devices with billions of transistors and with complex interactions between them encapsulated in a huge number of design rules. To ease designers' efforts in dealing with electrical and manufacturing problems, regular layout style seems to be a viable option. In this paper we analyze regular layouts in an IC manufacturability context and define their desired properties. We introduce the OPC-free IC design methodology and study properties of cells designed for this layout style that have various degrees of regularity.
LONG-RUN OPTIMAL BEHAVIOR IN A TWO-SECTOR ROBINSON–SOLOW–SRINIVASAN MODEL

This paper studies the nature of long-run behavior in a two-sector model of optimal growth. Under some restrictions on the parameters of the model, we provide an explicit solution of the optimal policy function generated by the optimal growth model. Fixing the discount factor, we indicate how long-run optimal dynamics changes as a key technological parameter (labor output ratio) changes. For a particular configuration of parameter values, we also provide an explicit solution of the unique absolutely continuous invariant ergodic distribution generated by the optimal policy function.
A contactless method for high-sensitivity measurement of p-n junction leakage

A contactless p-n, junction leakage measurement method is described that uses low-noise vhf oscillator circuitry to examine the dynamic memory-like behavior of the junctions. This method utilizes the eddy current loading effect, via inductive coupling, in order to determine the leakage-dependent decay time of the photoinduced voltage across the diffused p-n junctions. The contactless measurement is made under low forward bias conditions (≤10 mV) such that this measurement is a function of only generation-recombination processes in the junction depletion region. In the low-noise circuitry, sensitivity is enhanced when the oscillatory amplitude is made directly proportional to the figure of merit Q of the coupled oscillator resonant LC tank. This simple oscillator circuit contains only one JFET and a small number of inductors and capacitors, and is supplied by a constant-current source. Junction decay times between 10-4 and 1 s, corresponding to junction leakages between 10-6 and 1010A/cm2, respectively, have been measured and are in excellent agreement with the derived theory showing the contactless decay time to be inversely proportional to the conventional contacting reverse leakage.
Reliable H ∞ flight tracking control via state feedback

This paper studies the problem of reliable Hinfin state feedback controller design for linear continuous-time systems. Actuator partial failures and actuator lock-in-place failures are simultaneously considered, and the signals in the case of certain actuators being locked in place are treated as zero-frequency disturbances, which gives an exact description for the lock-in- place failures. Based on the generalized KYP lemma in finite frequency domain, the controller design is developed in the framework of linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, which can guarantee the asymptotic stability and Hinfin performances of the resulting closed-loop systems when all control components are operational as well as when some actuators fail. Finally, the design procedure and the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with the entire frequency approach by using bounded real lemma are illustrated via a numerical example of flight tracking control of an F-16 aircraft.
Evaluation of a Model for Predicting Simultaneous Contrast on Color Maps

Perceptions of colors of individual map symbols are affected by simultaneous contrast, or induction, from surrounding colors. In an experiment with human subjects, reaction times were significantly slower, with significantly more errors, for test maps on which an induction model predicted that colors would be misinterpreted. Reaction times and error rates improved significantly with map color adjustments that the model predicted would remove induced confusions. These results represent progress toward establishing objective guidance for the design of effective color schemes in computer-assisted mapping environments common in cartography, geographic information systems, and scientific visualization.
X-Ray Absorption Fine-Structure Investigations at Cryogenic Temperatures

The temperature dependence of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure was investigated in the range from 9-573°K. It was found that the temperature dependence of the intensity of the fine structure features was quantitatively accounted for by applying the Debye-Waller factor. A change in position of the features with the expansion and contraction of the lattice was also observed. These experimental data suggest a simple diffraction (Kronig theory) mechanism; however, the observed absorption minima do not agree with those predicted by the Kronig equation. The single-crystal. X-ray spectrometer. X-ray cryostat, and experimental conditions are also discussed in some detail.
Employer Size‐wage Effects in Australia

. The study examines rising employer size-wage effects in the Australian labour market between 1993 — a period when the effects of decentralization in wage determination was starting to be felt — and 2001 — after the effects of structural changes had become more fully manifested. The findings indicate that most of the increase in the employer size-wage gap between large and medium-sized employers can be explained by changes in returns to characteristics rather than by changes in the skill mix. In addition changes in labour market structure — perhaps associated with decentralization in wage setting — captured by the intercept coefficients caused the employer size-wage gap to increase for males and decrease for females.
Foraging ecology of the California gnatcatcher deduced from fecal samples

The California gnatcatcher is a threatened species essentially restricted to coastal sage scrub habitat in southern California. Its distribution and population dynamics have been studied intensely, but little is known about its diet. We identified arthropod fragments in 33 fecal samples of the California gnatcatcher to gain insight into its foraging ecology and diet. Fecal samples were collected from adult males, adult females, fledglings, and nestlings. Leaf- and planthoppers (Homoptera) and spiders (Araneae) predominated numerically in samples. Spider prey was most diverse, with eight families represented. True bugs (Hemiptera) and wasps, bees, and ants (Hymenoptera) were only minor components of the gnatcatcher diet. Gnatcatcher adults selected prey to feed their young that was larger than expected given the distribution of arthropod size available in their environment, and chicks were provisioned with larger prey items and significantly more grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera) and spiders than adults consumed themselves. Both adults and young consumed more sessile than active prey. Further studies are needed to determine whether arthropods sampled in coastal sage scrub that are common in fecal samples are good indicators of California gnatcatcher habitat.
Faith-Based Human Services Initiatives: Considerations for Social Work Practice and Theory

Faith-based human services initiatives present numerous challenges to professional social work. This article explores ways a theoretical integration of ecosystems and structuration perspectives may help social workers navigate complex ideological and practical implications of changing service delivery policies. The article highlights diversity among faith-related providers, with presentation of a services typology relevant to social work and ethical guidelines to inform decision making regarding referrals and collaborations. Examples from a qualitative study of faith-related services, values, and practices illustrate the typology and related practice issues.
Neonatal Brain Volumetric Studies: Regression Analysis and Interpretation: In Reply

We thank Dr Vasileiadis for his letter highlighting some key aspects of our article and observational data sets in general.1 We agree with his comments about the challenges of assessment and adjustment for confounding factors to uncover any true associations between risk factors of interest and cerebral volumes. His letter describes one of several statistically acceptable approaches for variable selection and model building.2–4 As outlined in the statistical-analysis section of our article, we used prespecified criteria for inclusion of covariates to avoid bias in selecting the regression model. The goal of variable selection is to achieve a …
Spatial variation in top-down direct and indirect effects on white oak (Quercus alba L.).

Abstract Recent attention has been paid to spatial variation in the direct and indirect effects of trophic interactions. Because abundances of predators and prey vary naturally through space, their interactions and the effects of these interactions may vary as well. We conducted a bird exclosure experiment on white oak (Quercus alba L.) using a randomized block design to assess how the direct effects of bird predation on arthropods and indirect effects of birds on plant damage and growth differ between five sites separated by 350–1000 m. Insect herbivore and arthropod predator abundances varied spatially, but were not affected by the exclosure treatment. Bird abundance also varied among sites. Herbivore community structure (herbivore feeding guilds) differed by site as well. Bird predation significantly reduced damage to oak leaves, but this effect did not vary spatially. However, the size of this effect was positively correlated with insectivorous bird abundance. Thus despite herbivore and predator commu...
Topography of streaklines on an Antarctic ice shelf from photoclinometry applied to a single Advanced Land Imager (ALI) image

We investigate the usefulness of the experimental Advanced Land Imager instrument onboard the Earth Observing 1 satellite and a shape-from-shading technique to study streaklines (flow stripes) on the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Local variations in brightness in the image are directly related to surface topography because the snow surface reflectivity is mostly uniform. Image brightness values are combined with Sun position and streakline orientation to calculate surface topography to centimeter-level vertical precision. The amplitude of the streaklines is typically 1-2 m, and spacing is on the order of 1 km. The streaklines show complex along-flow changes in cross-sectional shape that we interpret to be effects from temporal changes in grounding line dynamics and decay of ice topography due to flow. Cross-sectional areas of the streaklines are calculated at various points along flow to investigate morphological evolution. The study area subscene covers a 28 km /spl times/ 90 km area and covers /spl sim/350 years of ice flow..
The role of potential agents in making spatial perspective taking social

A striking relationship between visual spatial perspective taking (VSPT) and social skills has been demonstrated for perspective-taking tasks in which the target of the imagined or inferred perspective is a potential agent, suggesting that the presence of a potential agent may create a social context for the seemingly spatial task of imagining a novel visual perspective. In a series of studies, we set out to investigate how and when a target might be viewed as sufficiently agent-like to incur a social influence on VSPT performance. By varying the perceptual and conceptual features that defined the targets as potential agents, we find that even something as simple as suggesting animacy for a simple wooden block may be sufficient. More critically, we found that experience with one potential agent influenced the performance with subsequent targets, either by inducing or eliminating the influence of social skills on VSPT performance. These carryover effects suggest that the relationship between social skills and VSPT performance is mediated by a complex relationship that includes the task, the target, and the context in which that target is perceived. These findings highlight potential problems that arise when identifying a task as belonging exclusively to a single cognitive domain and stress instead the highly interactive nature of cognitive domains and their susceptibility to cross-domain individual differences.
Charge-Associated Effects of Fullerene Derivatives on Microbial Structural Integrity and Central Metabolism

The effects of four types of fullerene compounds (C60, C60−OH, C60−COOH, C60−NH2) were examined on two model microorganisms (Escherichia coli W3110 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1). Positively charged C60−NH2 at concentrations as low as 10 mg/L inhibited growth and reduced substrate uptake for both microorganisms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed damage to cellular structures. Neutrally charged C60 and C60−OH had mild negative effects on S. oneidensis MR-1, whereas the negatively charged C60−COOH did not affect either microorganism's growth. The effect of fullerene compounds on global metabolism was further investigated using [3-13C]l-lactate isotopic labeling, which tracks perturbations to metabolic reaction rates in bacteria by examining the change in the isotopic labeling pattern in the resulting metabolites (often amino acids).1-3 The 13C isotopomer analysis from all fullerene-exposed cultures revealed no significant differences in isotopomer distributions from unstressed cells. This result ...
I Am Confused About the Cancer Risks Associated With CT: How Can We Summarize What Is Currently Known?

AJR:205, July 2015 A typical CT examination may involve 5–15 mSv of effective dose. The current data do not provide conclusive evidence regarding risk from a couple of CT examinations, though a minority of patients have undergone enough CT examinations to make some associated risk probable [8]. The question arises: Is there newer scientific information that warrants increasing the level of concern and intensifying the controversy? The answer is no. According to an International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) report published in 2007 [9], “the estimates of cancer risk attributable to radiation exposure have not changed greatly in the past 17 years.” The ICRP has adjusted tissue weighting factors primarily to estimate additional risks for breasts and less risk for gonads, but the overall whole-body risk coefficient has changed only marginally. Then what is the cause for controversy? One reason is that the bounds of evidence are overstepped by extreme positions on both sides of the controversy. The ICRP clearly states that “the calculation of the number of cancer deaths based on collective effective doses from trivial individual doses should be avoided” [9]. According to ICRP, the collective effective dose quantity is an instrument for optimization, for comparing radiologic technologies and protection procedures, predominantly in the context of occupational exposure and group risk management. Collective effective dose is not intended as a tool for epidemiologic risk assessment, and it is inappropriate to use it in risk projections. The aggregation of very low doses to groups of individuals over extended time periods is misleading for individual risk projections [9]. Much as projections for cancer risk may be useful for policy planning, for strategic developments in managing radiation protection, they should not be used to characterize individual risk. I Am Confused About the Cancer Risks Associated With CT: How Can We Summarize What Is Currently Known?
Debt and communications technology diffusion: Retrospective evidence

This study has evaluated the relationship between debt in the capital structure of firms and the dynamics of broadband and digital technology adoption in the United States, based on a large dataset on local exchange carriers in the United States over a contemporary historical fourteen year period from 1988 to 2001. Using treatment effects modeling, the impact of debt in impacting the levels of firms’ broadband deployment has been found to be negative and significant. The primary source of debt in the sector has been in the form of arm's-length corporate bonds and the assumptions of the monitoring hypothesis associated with such debt, that lenders, in the face of information and collective actions problems, might not be able to control managers and hence invest less in highly technology-intensive situations, are supported by the data. Additionally, the data set has been split into separate sets for two periods, one between 1988 and 1995, for the period before the Telecommunications Act of 1996 came into force, and the other set between 1996 and 2001, and the results have stayed consistent. A test of the coefficients between the two periods has shown that the negative impact of leverage on broadband deployment has become stronger after the introduction of competition in the sector, and this has suggested that the change in the institutional logics between the two periods has been of material impact in influencing lenders’ perceptions.
Absorptive Veneziano model for\(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{N}\) and\(\mathcal{N}\bar {\mathcal{N}}\) scattering

We describe the\(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{N}\) system by Veneziano formulae consistent with crossing and Regge behavior. The amplitudes are unitarized according to Lovelace’sK-matrix procedure. Absorption corrections due to competing channels provide a natural way of including diffraction scattering.
The Seed is Mine: The Life of Kas Maine, a South African Sharecropper, 1894-1985. By Charles Van Onselen. New York: Hill and Wang, 1996. 649 pp. Hardbound, $55.00; Softbound, $16.00.

(1999). The Seed is Mine: The Life of Kas Maine, a South African Sharecropper, 1894-1985. By Charles Van Onselen. New York: Hill and Wang, 1996. 649 pp. Hardbound, $55.00; Softbound, $16.00. The Oral History Review: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 132-135.
Digital hardware design using VHDL and ALDEC active HDL

This tutorial is designed for computer scientists and educators who teach or have interest in digital hardware design. The workshop will introduce the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL), the use of VHDL to design digital hardware, and industry standard software packages (Active HDL, Xilinx Webpack) to simulate and implement digital components and systems on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). Specific topics include an overview of digital design using VHDL, an overview and tutorial on using Active HDL and Xilinx Webpack, and translation of hardware specifications into circuits utilizing combinational and sequential design techniques. A series of examples will be presented to illustrate the concepts covered. Attendees should have some programming experience using a high level language such as C++ or Java.
ConfChem Conference on Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and Learning: Accessibility for PhET Interactive Simulations—Progress, Challenges, and Potential

The PhET Interactive Simulations project has engaged in a new initiative to develop inclusive features for the suite of PhET simulations. These features are designed to increase the accessibility of the simulations for students and teachers, with and without disabilities. This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and Learning ACS CHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education online ConfChem held from May 8 to June 4, 2015. The resulting discussion brought up ideas regarding the blending of 3D models with simulations, and the potential benefits and areas of research for sonification within simulations.
Ore drawing rules produced by poly-drawpoints based on kinematic model

The ore-drawing theory based on kinematic model was introduced and the derivation of the kinematic model equation was reviewed.And reasons for the theoretical drawbody shape mismatching with the actual were discussed.Moreover,the application scope of the ore-drawing theory based on kinematic model was pointed out.The determining method of bulk vacancy diffusion coefficient was improved.Then a revised version of the kinematic model was developed and equations for the velocity field,granular flow streamlines,and drawbody were derived for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems.Then,the mathematical equations for complex configurations in which the flow was produced by two drawpoints in simultaneous were established.Based on it,the movement path line,the shape of drawbody and shepe of ore residual body of ore drawing rules produced by poly-drawpoints could be determined by this theory.Thus,the knowledge of the revised version of the kinematic model can be used to optimize structural parameters of the stope as well as in the design of caving stope.
Coal property evaluation with standardization

Coal property evaluation is the core of coal property research,which mainly accords to relerant standards,on the other hand,the standards drafting should depend on result of coal property research.Therefore,it is necessary to know coal property data of all coalfields and coalmines and the technical requirements of coal processing and utilization in many industries.
Comorbidities with bipolar disorders: significance, recognition, and management.

Bipolar disorder, particularly bipolar type I disorder, is at least as highly comorbid with other psychiatric and behavioral disorders as any Axis I medical disorder (Slide 1). Two iterations of the National Comorbidity Survey study, which is epidemio-logic-based and not anecdotal evidence from clinical offices and hospital emergency rooms, have shown that these data are reflective of the overall population in the United States and potentially for all other countries across the world.In particular, if the prevalence rates of all anxiety disorders are grouped together, they are almost as prevalent as bipolar disorder itself, and clinicians rarely see a patient with bipolar disorder who does not have an anxiety disorder. This finding raises the question that anxiety may not be a separate entity, but an additional fundamental component of bipolar symptomatology, at least for a substantial number of patients. Regardless, the role of anxiety in bipolar disorder is unique. Perugi and colleagues studied the time sequence of different anxiety disorders in relation to first presence and clinical recognition of bipolar disorder (Slide 2). In contrast to panic disorder/agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety or social phobia was shown to be prevalent in 94.7% of patients prior to onset of hypomania and the clinically recognizable problematic school and home situations before the diagnosis of the bipolar disorder. This finding suggests that there may be some fundamental aspect of social anxiety and other anxiety disorders that is a ties. These patients tend to be more unstable symptomatically and have multiple comorbidities.
Status sense multiple access (S/sup 2/MA) communication

A contention-based multiaccess protocol, the status sense multiple access (S/sup 2/MA) protocol which integrates heterogeneous classes of customers over a common broadcast channel, is described. The performance of the protocol with two classes of customers, such as voice and data, is analyzed. Unlike the fixed-boundary approach of integrating two classes of users, no slot is wasted with S/sup 2/MA, except for possible collisions, as long as there is a demand for the slot from either of the two classes. Therefore, the channel utilization efficiency can be very high. The protocol is shown to be stable in the sense that the access delay of the data packets is bounded due to the controlled access mechanism of the backlogged data users. >
Lawrence, Authoritarianism and Fascism: The Critical Response

One of the first critics to address the fascist issue in Lawrence’s writing was Christopher Caudwell, who, in Studies in a Dying Culture (1938), accused Lawrence of producing “fascist” art. Caudwell defines fascist art as a return to “old primitive values, to mythology, racialism, nationalism, hero-worship and participation mystique.… Fascist art is like the regression of the neurotic to a previous level of adaptation” (56). Caudwell understands Lawrence’s conception of blood intimacy to be an atavistic urge, a regression from rationalism and complexity to an instinctual, primitive level of behavior, in fact, to a grossly insensitive, hence regressive, state: If … we are to cast off intellectualism and consciousness we must abandon all symbolism and rationalism tout court, we must be and no longer think, even in images. Yet on the contrary Lawrence again and again consciously formulates his creed in intellectual terms or terms of imagery But this is self-contradiction for how can we be led intellectually and consciously back from consciousness? It is our consciousness that Lawrence attempts to extend and heighten even at the moment he urges us to abandon it. (Caudwell 59)
Social Justice Training in School Psychology: Applying Principles of Organizational Consultation to Facilitate Change in Graduate Programs

Scholars and professional organizations have called for an increased emphasis on social justice training in applied psychology graduate programs, including school psychology programs (SPPs). During...
A characterization of cybersecurity simulation scenarios

The rate and sophistication of cyber-attacks are ever increasing forcing organizations to test their systems and assess their risks for specific situations (e.g., data breach). Simulation is an emerging field in testing and assessing cybersecurity risk as it allows modeling cyber systems, their interdependencies, and interactions between cyber systems and people who are using, policing, and even attacking these systems. With cybersecurity scenarios, we help describe and formulate these complex interdependencies and relationships. In this paper, we first characterize cybersecurity scenarios along (1) the nature of cyber systems with considerations for design and (2) the type of actor with considerations of abilities. This characterization provides a more clear distinction compared to military oriented LVC (Live-Virtual-Constructive) simulation characterization. We then review examples from the literature based on our characterization. According to our review, we note that cyber system representation has been widely explored while actor representation is often realized at the technical-level dismissing social and cognitive aspects. Thus, we believe that paying more attention to social and cognitive aspects of actor representation, especially as developing general-purpose tools, will benefit the modeling and simulation community.
Multicast Switching Networks

In the previous chapters, we examined the principle switching architecture for peer-to-peer communications. We discussed how to build efficient switching networks employing intelligent control algorithms. In this chapter, we consider switching networks that can handle communication from single source to multiple destination, such as teleconferencing, commercial video distribution and distributed data processing.
Surprise from the Central Bank: A Model to Understand Currency Revaluation Decisions

Are countries chronically resisting revaluations vulnerable to speculative attacks? I study the timing of a Central Bank's decision to optimally abandon a currency peg in order to avoid accumulating excessive foreign currency reserves on its balance sheet. The central assumption is that foreign reserves are risky and an excessive amount of them hurts a Central Bank. But abandoning the peg causes the currency to appreciate, which in turn results in a negative output shock that increases with the size of the appreciation. I show that after taking both costs into account, a Central Bank would avoid predictable speculative attacks by introducing uncertainty to the market and announcing its unpegging decision as a surprise. This randomized strategy would lead to a prolonged period of increased speculation against the peg. This model shows that Swiss National Bank's surprise move to unpeg its currency in January of 2015 is consistent with a rational and optimizing Central Bank.
Tides and waves measured by radar

An FMCW radar has been modified to measure the height of ocean waves and tides. Originally intended to measure hurricane waves to aid in offshore platform design, this system has the advantage of having no elements in the water. No wave staffs to lose. The 80\deg radar beam of 4300 MHz frequency modulated over 70 MHz is reduced in beamwidth to 16\deg by additional horns. This beam is reflected from the water surface and an average distance measured as a function of time. The system has been tested on Platform HOPE in the Santa Barbara Channel for eight months. In the absence of large waves, the radar system measured four foot waves and tides. The tide radar data were checked with USC & GS Rincon Island tide measurements. Since the wave or tide data are contained in the frequency of an audio signal, these data can be sent over a telephone line and remotely displayed. A system such as this using a magnetic tape recorder might be used on a number of offshore platforms for wave height monitoring.
Survival Predictions of Ceramic Crowns Using Statistical Fracture Mechanics.

This work establishes a survival probability methodology for interface-initiated fatigue failures of monolithic ceramic crowns under simulated masticatory loading. A complete 3-dimensional (3D) fin...
Re-Designing CNTK Deep Learning Framework on Modern GPU Enabled Clusters

Deep learning frameworks have recently gained widespread popularity due to their highly accurate prediction capabilities and availability of low cost processors that can perform training over a large dataset quickly. Given the high core count in modern generation high performance computing systems, training deep networks over large data has now become practical. In this work, while targeting the Computational Network Toolkit (CNTK) framework, we propose new mechanisms and designs to boost the performance of the communications between GPU nodes. We perform thorough analysis of the different phases of the toolkit such as I/O, communications, and computation of CNTK to identify the different bottlenecks that can be potentially alleviated using the high performance capabilities provided by many CUDA aware MPI runtimes. Using a CUDA aware MPI library, we propose CUDA Aware CNTK (CA-CNTK) which does low overhead communications. Different datasets ranging from small to large sizes prove the advantage of our re-design, and how it can show similar results on deep learning frameworks having a similar execution pattern. Our designs show an average improvement of 23%, 21% and 15% per epoch for the popular CIFAR10, MNIST and ImageNet datasets, respectively.
New product trial, use of edibles, and unexpected highs among marijuana and hashish users in Colorado

Abstract Objective This study examines the relationships between trial of new marijuana or hashish products and unexpected highs, and use of edible products and unexpected highs. Methods We conducted an online survey of 634 adult, past-year marijuana users in Colorado. We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between new product trial or edible use and unexpected highs. Results In the first year that recreational marijuana was legal in Colorado, 71.4% of respondents tried a new marijuana or hashish product, and 53.6% used an edible product. Trial of new products was associated with greater odds of experiencing an unexpected high after controlling for age, gender, education, mental health status, current marijuana or hashish use, and mean amount of marijuana or hashish consumed in the past month (OR = 2.13, p Conclusion People who try new marijuana or hashish products, or use edible marijuana or hashish products, are at greater risk for an unexpected high. It is possible that some negative outcomes associated with marijuana use and unexpected highs may be averted through a better understanding of how to use product packaging to communicate with consumers.
Resurgence Following Response Cost in a Human-Operant Procedure

Resurgence is the reemergence of a previously reinforced behavior following the extinction of an alternative behavior. Although several variables are known to impact resurgence, few studies have examined resurgence when the target response was previously punished. Results of two studies examining resurgence after punishment have been mixed. In the current study, we employed a human-operant procedure to compare resurgence following differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) with extinction and DRA with extinction and response cost. For the three participants, target responding was eliminated more rapidly and fully following DRA with response cost. Similar levels of resurgence, however, occurred following both procedures. These data provide evidence that arranging response cost during DRA facilitates suppression of target responding without affecting subsequent resurgence. The results further our understanding of the role of negative punishment in resurgence as a process and have implications for the development of clinical intervention packages.