cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Food Risks and Type I & II Errors

The global food supply network is becoming increasing vulnerable to food safety and food defense risks due to failures in prevention and control measures. We develop the idea of control oriented supply chain security management in the context of global food supply networks. We identify a variety of failure points where security systems can produce Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors that create disruptions, and explain how the use of ex-ante prevention measures can lead to opportunities for continuous reductions in costs and food risks..
A Methodology for Applying Quality Function Deployment to the Commissioning Process

AbstractCommissioning is a quality process used within building construction to verify that the finished project meets the design, construction, and operation and maintenance requirements of the owner. In product development, quality function deployment captures the voice of the customer and translates it into engineering characteristics that are carried into production and service, assuring the final product meets this voice. This article presents a methodology for using a four-phase quality function deployment model within the commissioning process—building upon the foundation known as the house of quality. Practitioners are provided the steps to take this model through each of the phases of commissioning as a means of overseeing the entire design and construction quality process and assuring the final product delivers on all of the customer’s requirements.
Diversity A Strategic Imperative Or A Basic Business Requirement? A Proposed Taxonomy

A Taxonomy of Diversity is developed to examine the connection between diversity and strategy . Academic and popular management literatures, as well as the popular press, promulgate the idea that social diversity is a strategic imperative for success in business. This paper presents a taxonomy of social diversity, defines its variables and examines their potential use as a source of a competitive advantage in the formulation of business strategy. Six types of diversity are defined De jure Diversity, De facto Diversity, Market Driven Diversity, Skill Driven Diversity, Cost Driven Diversity, and Ethics Driven Diversity.
The Ge73(n, α)Zn70 reaction at 14 MeV observed in a lithium drifted germanium detector

Abstract : The (n, alpha) reactions induced in germanium by 14 MeV neutrons have been observed in a germanium semiconductor detector. Values of the cross section of the ground-state transition of Ge73(n, alpha)Zn70 at 14.1 and 14.8 MeV are presented along with possible evidence for the existence of excited states of Zn70 at 1.95=0.1 MeV and at 2.3=0.1 MeV. Evidence for a reduced response of the detector to the Zn recoil atoms is discussed. (Author)
Distinct LTP induction mechanisms: contribution of NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels

1. Our results indicate that there are two distinct components of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) at synapses of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Preincubation of hippocampal slices in the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D,L-2-amino-5 phosphonovalerate (D,L-APV, 50 microM), reduced the magnitude of TEA LTP. In addition, the L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) antagonist nifedipine (10 microM) attenuated TEA LTP. Only the combined application of D,L-APV plus nifedipine blocked the induction of TEA LTP. 2. Occlusion experiments demonstrated that saturation of VDCC-dependent TEA LTP did not reduce or occlude NMDA-receptor-dependent TEA LTP. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying VDCC and NMDA receptor components of TEA LTP are different and do not share a common saturable mechanism. 3. TEA LTP was strictly dependent on NMDA receptor activity in slices with CA3-CA1 connections severed (isolated CA1 slices). In contrast to results obtained in slices with intact CA3-CA1 connections, the NMDA receptor antagonists APV (50 microM) or MK-801 dizocilpine (10 microM) completely blocked TEA LTP in isolated CA1. Consistent with this observation, the properties of TEA LTP in isolated CA1 were very similar to other types of NMDA-receptor-dependent plasticity such as tetanus-induced LTP; TEA LTP required presynaptic stimulation, displayed pathway specificity, and was occluded by tetanus-induced LTP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Indications de l’endoscopie du tractus digestif supérieur chez le nourrisson, l’enfant et l’adolescent

Cet article presente une revue des indications de l’endoscopie du tractus digestif superieur et des considerations relatives a son execution chez les enfants et les adolescents.
Deformation-driven, lethal damage to cancer cells. Its contribution to metastatic inefficiency.

Direct and indirect, in vivo and in vitro observations are in accord with the hypothesis that as a consequence of their deformation within capillaries, cancer cells undergo sphere-to-cylinder shape-transformations that create a demand for increased surface area. When this demand cannot be met by apparent increases in surface area accomplished by nonlethal, surface “unfolding,” the cell surface membrane is stretched; if expansion results in more than a 4% increase in true surface area, the membrane ruptures, resulting in cancer cell death.
The Halstead Category Test of Brain Dysfunction: Feasibility of a Short Form:

Although the Halstead Category Test is one of the best indicators of brain dysfunction among the subtests of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, it has been used infrequently by psychologists in clinical settings. The feasibility of a short form was considered. For the test protocols of 41 Ss the product-moment correlation for errors on odd items and total errors was .90, on even items and total errors, .99. The split-half correlation was .97. Research on the discriminative power of a short form was discussed; a short form is apparently feasible for use by the psychologist.
The Measurement and Interpretation of Cortex in Lithic Assemblages

Cortex is often used as an indicator of core reduction and transport, but current measures to evaluate the observed amount of cortex in a lithic assemblage with what might be expected under particular conditions are still ambiguous. The purpose of the present study is to develop and evaluate an alternative method based on solid geometry. This method is evaluated with an experimentally produced assemblage, and implications of its application to archaeological assemblages are presented and discussed.
Sleep duration and the cortisol awakening response in dementia caregivers utilizing adult day services.

Objective Sleep complaints are common among caregivers and are associated with detriments in mental and physical health. Cortisol, a biomarker of the stress process, may link sleep with subsequent health changes in caregivers. The current study examines whether sleep duration is directly associated with the cortisol awakening response (CAR), or whether it is moderated by Adult Day Services (ADS) use, an intervention found previously to influence daily CAR by reducing stressor exposure. Method Associations were examined in caregivers (N = 158) of individuals with dementia (IWD) on days when IWDs attended ADS and days when IWDs did not attend ADS. Data were gathered over 8 consecutive days. Caregivers were primarily female (87.3%) with a mean age of 61.59. A multilevel growth curve model tested the association of an interaction of today's ADS use and last night's sleep duration with today's CAR as the outcome. Results The interaction between ADS use and within-person sleep duration was significant such that when an individual sleeps longer than their average but does not use ADS, they have a smaller or blunted CAR. On the other hand when an individual sleeps longer than their average and uses ADS, they have a higher but nonsignificant CAR. Sleeping shorter than usual was associated with a dynamic rise regardless of ADS use. Conclusions Findings indicate that ADS use moderates the association between sleep duration and CAR such that longer than average sleep is associated with blunted, dysregulated cortisol patterns only on non-ADS days.
Schneider, Barbara and Linda J. Waite (Eds.). BEING TOGETHER, WORKING APART: DUAL-CAREER FAMILIES AND THE WORK-LIFE BALANCE

Schneider, Barbara and Linda J. Waite (Eds.). BEING TOGETHER, WORKINGAPART: DUAL-CAREER FAMILIESAND THE WORK-LIFE BALANCE. Cambridge University Press, 2005,553pp. ISBN: 0-521-84571-8.I am not a fan of edited books. Such volumes tend to reiterate what is known and add little to providing a more nuanced and synthesized sense of a field. This lengthy volume reporting on the 500 Family Study undertaken by the University of Chicago's Sloan Center on Parents, Children, and Work, which the two editors direct, is an exception.A main purpose of the project was investigating how work affects the many dimensions of middle-class dual-earner family life and how conflicts are negotiated between home and work. The main sections of the volume center around four themes: Experiences at Work and Home, Marriage and Family, Making It Work at Home, and Parenting and Adolescent Development. The concluding section, "Lessons to be Learned," emphasizes the importance of using data from the volume to educate the public and create a public agenda about the needs of working families.The volume has many strengths. Particularly noteworthy is the interesting juxtaposition of young researchers and noted scholars in the field of work and family. The chapters themselves are mostly authored by the doctoral students, postdoctoral fellows, and research associates who worked on the project and who present findings on different aspects of the larger data base in a consistent research-article-style format. Each chapter is then followed by commentaries by one or two distinguished scholars from a wide range of disciplines who not only provide a critique of the data presented and conclusions drawn but also place the chapter's findings within a heuristic framework of next steps. As one commentator noted, "The major challenge for the use of this extremely rich source of data is to match the human and financial resources allocated to the administration of the survey and collection of data by an equal amount of support for the analysis and interpretation of its findings" (p. 44). The commentaries are excellent and make fascinating reading for novice and seasoned researchers alike. Other strengths include the breadth and depth of the project's scope; the national basis of the sample, which was drawn from eight Sloan Study related sites across the country; the breadth of methodologies and instruments used, including the Experience Sampling Method; the wide range of topics addressed (e.g., from emotional aspects of family life to religiosity, time watching television, and who does what at home and work); the extent to which findings buttress past research (e. …
Prediction of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Using Early-Time-Point 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Patients with Advanced Melanoma.

To evaluate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) scanning as an early predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with advanced melanoma. Methods: Twenty patients with advanced melanoma receiving ICI prospectively underwent FDG PET/CT at three scan intervals: prior to treatment initiation (SCAN-1), at days 21-28 (SCAN-2), and at 4 months (SCAN-3). This study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was received from all patients who were enrolled between April 2012 and December 2013. Tumor response at each post-treatment time point was assessed according to RECIST1.1, immune-related response criteria (irRC), PET response criteria in solid tumors (PERCIST 1.0) and EORTC criteria. Performance characteristics of each metric to predict best overall response (BOR) at ≥4 months were assessed. Results: Twenty evaluable patients were treated with ipilimumab (n = 16), BMS-936559 (n = 3) or nivolumab (n = 1). BOR at ≥4 months included complete response (n = 2), partial response (n = 2), stable disease (n = 1) and progressive disease (n = 15). Response evaluations at SCAN-2 using RECIST1.1, irRC, PERCIST and EORTC criteria demonstrated accuracies of 75%, 70%, 70%, and 65%, respectively, to predict BOR at ≥4 months. By combining anatomical and functional imaging data collected at SCAN-2, we developed criteria to predict eventual response to ICI with 100% sensitivity, 93% specificity and 95% accuracy. Conclusion: Combining functional and anatomic imaging parameters from FDG-PET/CT scans performed early in ICI appears predictive for eventual response in patients with advanced melanoma. These findings require validation in larger cohorts.
Measuring Self-Efficacy in the Context of Pediatric Diabetes Management: Psychometric Properties of the Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale.

Objective The Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale (SED) is a widely used measure of diabetes-specific self-efficacy with three subscales: diabetes-specific self-efficacy (SED-D), medical self-efficacy (SED-M), and general self-efficacy (SED-G). The present study examined the factor structure and construct validity of the SED in 116 youth, aged 10-16 years (13.60 ± 1.87), with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the SED. Correlational and regression analyses examined relations between subscales and select outcomes. Results CFA of the original three-factor structure provided a poor fit to the data. Factor models using rescaled items were tested. Results provided preliminary evidence for the SED-D as an independent one-factor model, and for a reduced one-factor model. Significant associations were found between the SED subscales, responsibility for diabetes management, and glycated hemoglobin. Conclusions Results provide limited support for the SED-D as a reliable and valid measure of diabetes-specific self-efficacy.
Extremely premature birth, informed written consent, and the Greek ideal of sophrosyne

Most extremely premature infants die in the intensive care unit or suffer significant neurologic impairment. Many therapies result in unhealthy consequences, and the emotional and financial turmoil for families warrant reappraisal of our motives. Shared decision-making and informed consent in preference-sensitive conditions imply the family: (a) understands the medical problem, (b) grasps the risks and benefits of each therapy, (c) has the opportunity to ask questions and reflect upon options, (d) knows their values and preferences are understood, and (e) accepts or declines therapies without judgment or penalty. Mandatory resuscitation of premature infants or inflexible palliative comfort care policies are inconsistent with the principles of informed consent and shared decision-making. Physicians should emulate the Greek ideal of sophrosyne-virtue inherent to balance, reasoned limits, freedom but restraint, and humility. Informed choice is fundamental to liberty; evidence-based periviability guidelines and decision aids bolstered by structured informed consent ensure process integrity.
The Relationship Between Preclinical Grading and USMLE Scores in US Allopathic Medical Schools.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pass/fail preclinical grading is associated with improved student well-being. Studies do not demonstrate differences in United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores after adopting pass/fail grading, but were conducted at unrepresentative, highly selective institutions, and average scores increased overall during the study periods. We investigated the effect of preclinical grading on USMLE scores across 96 US medical schools. METHODS Preclinical grading systems were identified with the 2017 Association of American Medical Colleges Medical School Admissions Requirements. Median undergraduate grade point average (GPA) and Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores and average Step 1 and Step 2 clinical knowledge (CK) scores were available for 96 of 142 US medical schools on US News Grad Compass. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for entering student characteristics, and one-tailed Student's t tests were used to test for noninferiority. Noninferiority margins were calculated using standard errors from the USMLE Score Interpretation Guidelines and average class size. RESULTS Fifty-six (58.3%) of 96 schools use pass/fail preclinical grading. After adjusting for MCAT, pass/fail grading was not associated with significant differences in average Step 1 (P=0.98) or Step 2 CK (P=0.63). The 90% confidence interval of the effect of pass/fail grading on Step 1 (-1.27, 1.24) did not cross the noninferiority margin of -1.33 (P=0.043). The 90% confidence interval for Step 2 CK (-1.46, 0.81) also did not cross the noninferiority margin of -1.5 (P=0.044). CONCLUSIONS Pass/fail preclinical grading is noninferior to tiered preclinical grading in terms of USMLE scores.
California Budget Simulation

The California Budget Challenge produced by Next10 provides a useful and intuitive tool for instructors to introduce students to public budgeting. Students will reason through a series of budgeting...
Spinal synthesis and release of prostanoids after peripheral injury and inflammation.

After peripheral injury and inflammation, the close relationship between stimulus intensity and response to acute injurious stimuli is altered. Peripheral injury and inflammation increase a subject’s responsiveness to noxious stimuli (i.e. pain reports, paw withdrawal latency, or electrophysiological recordings) relative to the un-injured state (Raja et al., 1988). This hypersensitivity can be expressed as a decreased response latency to a noxious stimulus (hyperalgesia) or a nocifensive response (i.e. pain report or escape attempts) to an innocuous stimulus (allodynia). These altered stimulus-response relationships may result from peripheral as well as central mechanisms; this review will focus on spinal prostanoid synthesis and hyperalgesia after peripheral injury and inflammation.
The Troubled History of Philosophy and Deliberative Democracy

Philosophy has not enjoyed a prominent place in current education movements aimed at strengthening civic engagement and promoting deliberative democracy. This paper provides a brief overview of the history of democracy and philosophy that demonstrates their long but troubled relationship. We argue that the history of Western philosophy provides a much overlooked foundational role in deliberative democracy that must be understood if we are to educate citizens. Furthermore, we argue that philosophy’s central contribution to the contemporary understanding and practice of deliberative democracy is its fostering of the critique of assumptions. We conclude the article with specific pedagogic recommendations that can bring philosophy and deliberative democracy to life for our students both in and beyond the classroom.
Housing subsidy projects in Amdo: modernity, governmentality, and income disparity in Tibetan areas of China

This paper explores the ways in which housing projects in the northeastern Tibetan region of Amdo (Qinghai) produce governable citizens through rural reconstruction projects. Since the beginning of the “Construction of the New Socialist Countryside” project in 2005, the Chinese state has made great efforts to improve the living standards of rural populations, with a particular focus on the construction of “comfortable” and modern housing. This paper examines the housing subsidy projects that were launched in Amdo in 2009. Drawing on qualitative data, including participant observation and interviews, the paper examines the ways in which Tibetan villagers seek to achieve their versions of modernity through these projects. It analyzes how housing projects have encouraged villagers to become more avid market consumers by cultivating and increasing their desires for material improvement. In doing so, these projects have increased income disparities among households in the same village.
Advanced Modeling & Fast Simulation Algorithms for Cascaded Two-Level Converters

Cascaded two level converters (CTL) are gaining prominence with increased installations world-wide in high-voltage direct current (HVdc) systems. The simulation of CTLs is important to assist with the design of hardware, control systems, and planning of power system expansions. However, the simulation of CTL-HVdc using existing software takes a long time due to the presence of a large number of states and non-linear devices. An ultra-fast single- or multi-CPU simulation algorithm to simulate the CTL-HVdc system based on state-space models, hybrid discretization algorithm with a relaxation technique that reduces the imposed computational burden, and a multi-rate method is presented in this paper. The developed algorithm is validated with respect to reference PSCAD/EMTDC model.
Disparities in Sepsis Mortality by Region, Urbanization, and Race in the USA: a Multiple Cause of Death Analysis.

To assess gender, race/ethnicity, and geographic disparities in sepsis-associated mortality. The US data for multiple causes of death (MCOD) for years 2013–2016 were used to determine numbers of deaths and age-adjusted rates for sepsis as underlying or contributing cause of death using the International Classification of Diseases–10 (ICD-10) codes for non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) and whites (NHW) aged 15 years and older. There were a total of 746,725 sepsis-associated deaths. Among females, age-adjusted death rate for NHB was 88.6 (95% CI 87.8–89.3) and for NHW, 55.4 (95% CI 55.1–55.6). Among males, age-adjusted death rate for NHB was 115.2 (95% CI 114.1–116.3) and for NHW, 69.5 (95% CI 69.2–69.8). Rates were generally higher in divisions of the south region (West South Central in NHB). Within the South, NHW and NHB who resided in non-metropolitan areas had the highest rates, while the lowest were in suburban metropolitan areas. Sepsis-related MCOD mortality rates were highest in males, in NHB, in the South region, and, within the South, non-metropolitan areas.
k-FAIR = k-LIVENESS + FAIR Revisiting SAT-based Liveness Algorithms

We revisit the two main SAT-based algorithms for checking liveness properties of finite-state transition systems: the k-LIVENESS algorithm of [1] and the FAIR algorithm of [2]. These approaches are fundamentally different. k-LIVENESS works by translating the liveness property together with fairness constraints to the form F Gq, and then bounding the number of times the variable q can evaluate to false. FAIR works by finding an over-approximation R of reachable states, so that no state in R is contained on a fair cycle. Each technique has unique strengths on different problems. In this paper, we present a new algorithm k-FAIR that builds upon both techniques, synergistically leveraging their strengths. Experiments demonstrate that this combined approach is stronger than running both in parallel.
Dietary phosphorus enhances inflammatory response: A study of human gingivitis.

Abstract Phosphates are associated with numerous disorders, ranging from vascular calcification to premature aging, possibly because of an increased inflammatory response. We therefore investigated the association of dietary phosphorus with gingivitis. We analyzed consumption of both phosphorus and sugar and related it to the concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva samples collected from 8314 children (mean age, 9.99 ± 0.68 years). About 64% of the children consumed more than 1250 mg phosphorus daily, and 34% consumed more than 82 g of sugar daily. Gingivitis was prevalent, with an average of 74% of possible gingival sites considered red. Quantile regression analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of gingivitis and calorie-adjusted phosphorus intake and between gingivitis and calorie-adjusted sugar intake (both significant either as a linear trend or a categorical variable). In a subset (n = 744) investigation of nutrient consumption related to salivary biomarkers, we found that elevated calorie-adjusted phosphorus intake was directly associated with salivary IL-1β concentration (OR1.40, 95% CI 1.04–1.89), and inversely associated with salivary IL-4 concentration (OR0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.84). Sugar intake was not significantly associated with either biomarker. Thus, elevated dietary phosphorus consumption may influence inflammatory disease by altering cytokine levels.
CULTIVATING COMIDA: A New Day for Dairy?

First paragraph: In the previous Cultivating Comida column, the eco­nomic challenges confronting Vermont’s dairy industry were discussed alongside the new possi­bility of justice for workers in the industry. Fol­lowing years of farmworker organizing led by the grassroots group Migrant Justice, more than a year has now passed since Vermont’s iconic ice cream company Ben & Jerry’s entered into a legally binding agreement committing the company to the groundbreaking Milk with Dignity (MD) program. The dairy farms in Ben & Jerry’s supply chain are now beginning their second year in the MD program. During this same period, Vermont has seen its share of highs and lows in its dairy indus­try, a sector that seems to have grown only more unpredictable and unsustainable over time (Mares, 2018). The MD program extends the model of worker-driven social responsibility (WSR) pio­neered by the Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW) to Vermont’s dairy farms. According to Migrant Justice, the goal of the MD program is to “bring together farmworkers, farmers, buyers and consumers to secure dignified working conditions in dairy supply chains” (Migrant Justice, n.d., “How it works,” para. 1). The program centers upon a code of conduct developed by farmworkers and ensures a price premium to farm owners, which workers felt was essential in the volatile and chal­lenging context of the dairy industry, in order to help offset some of the potential costs of compli­ance. Unlike past farmworker campaigns that have sought change through a union model, both the CIW and Migrant Justice have demanded change by shifting corporate purchasing practices and putting legally binding supply chain agree­ments into place. These policies require corpora­tions to source through worker-driven programs that ensure improvements in workers’ rights and are continually monitored and evaluated. This model flies in the face of the corporate social responsi­bility (CSR) models that are predominant in large-scale food production; these models rarely (if ever) stem from worker-defined needs and priorities, but instead from corporate concern for branding and marketability. . . . See the press release for this article.
Multiple paternity in a lek mating system: Females mate multiply when they choose inexperienced sires

Multiple mating by females is common and often driven by social constraints on female mate choice. However, females mate with multiple males even in systems without these social constraints and rates of multiple mating tend to be highly variable within and between populations. In lek mating systems, females are able to assess multiple males and their choice is unrestricted by pair bonds or the need for biparental care, yet some females mate with multiple males. To better understand the factors affecting variation in multiple mating, we investigated the occurrence of multiple paternity within clutches in a highly polygynous lek mating system. Using long-term data on genetic paternity, survival, social status and individual age from a population of lance-tailed manakins Chiroxiphia lanceolata, a species where males lek in cooperative alpha-beta pairs, we tested five non-exclusive hypotheses about the causes of variation in multiple mating and its benefits in females. We found that inexperienced males, including new alphas and rare beta sires, were disproportionately likely to share paternity when they sired any chicks. In contrast, female age (experience) was unrelated to multiple paternity. Multiple mating did not result in higher reproductive success or reduced variance in success for females, and there were neither consistently promiscuous females nor males that consistently shared paternity. The occurrence of multiple paternity in this lek mating system was best explained by female choice related to male characteristics that change with male experience. Our results support the hypothesis that there is a developmental component to the occurrence of multiple mating, and suggest females choose to mate multiply when their choices are not optimal.
A Visualization and Control Strategy for Dynamic Sustainability of Chemical Processes

Our societal needs for greener, economically viable products and processes have grown given the adverse environmental impact and unsustainable development caused by human activities, including chemical releases, exposure, and impacts. To make chemical processes safer and more sustainable, a novel sustainability-oriented control strategy is developed in this work. This strategy enables the incorporation of online sustainability assessment and process control with sustainability constraints into chemical process operations. Specifically, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s GREENSCOPE (Gauging Reaction Effectiveness for the ENvironmental Sustainability of Chemistries with a multi-Objective Process Evaluator) tool is used for sustainability assessment and environmental release minimization of chemical processes. The multivariable GREENSCOPE indicators in real time can be represented using a novel visualization method with dynamic radar plots. The analysis of the process dynamic behavior in terms of sustainability performance provides means of defining sustainability constraints for the control strategy to improve process sustainability aspects with lower scores. For the control task, Biologically Inspired Optimal Control Strategy (BIO-CS) is implemented with sustainability constraints so that the control actions can be calculated considering the sustainability performance. This work leads to a significant step forward towards augmenting the capability of process control to meet future demands on multiple control objectives (e.g., economic, environmental, and safety related). The effectiveness of the proposed framework is illustrated via two case studies associated with a fermentation system. The results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively drive the system to the desired setpoints while meeting a preset sustainability constraint and improving the transient sustainability performance by up to 16.86% in terms of selected GREENSCOPE indicators.
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNITED STATES MILITARY PERSONNEL WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ASSOCIATED SERVICE RETENTION RATES

There is a paucity of literature describing the military population with atrial fibrillation. This study aims to describe active duty (AD) United States military members with AF diagnoses, the distribution of treatment strategies and subsequent military retention rates. A retrospective analysis was
Grain-subdivision-dominated microstructure evolution in shear bands at high rates

Shear banding is an important deformation and failure mechanism in metallic systems, especially at high-rate straining. Dynamic recrystallization was often reported to account for the refined micro...
Children with Autism and Technology Use: A Case Study of the Diary Method

In this paper, we summarize our findings and recount lessons that we learned using the diary method in a pilot study exploring mobile app use among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants included two teachers and five parents. We found that the diary study method worked well to collect data about app use; however, the design of our study inadvertently introduced problems, especially for the participating parents. Problems included feelings of pressure among our participants for their children to engage with apps that they had little interest in. Collecting data about how children with ASD use commercially available technologies like mobile apps is challenging and requires experimentation of methods; this case study paper will help other researchers who are working with similar user groups in navigating these challenges.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.

BACKGROUND: Patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently require mechanical ventilation and have high mortality rates, but the impact of viral burden on these outcomes is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 30 to April 30, 2020 at two hospitals in New York City. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was assessed using cycle threshold (Ct) values from a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay applied to nasopharyngeal swab samples. We compared patient characteristics and outcomes among patients with high, medium, and low admission viral loads and assessed whether viral load was independently associated with risk of intubation and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We evaluated 678 patients with COVID-19. Higher viral load was associated with increased age, comorbidities, smoking status, and recent chemotherapy. In-hospital mortality was 35.0% with a high viral load (Ct 30; n=242; P<0.001). The risk of intubation was also higher in patients with a high viral load (29.1%), compared to those with a medium (20.8%) or low viral load (14.9%; P<0.001). High viral load was independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.92-12.52; P<0.001) and intubation (aOR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.68-4.44; P<0.001) in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: Admission SARS-CoV-2 viral load among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 independently correlates with the risk of intubation and in-hospital mortality. Providing this information to clinicians could potentially be used to guide patient care.
School age effects of Minding the Baby-An attachment-based home-visiting intervention-On parenting and child behaviors - ERRATUM

Multiple interventions have been developed to improve the caregiver-child relationship as a buffer to the effects of early life adversity and toxic stress. However, relatively few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of these early childhood interventions, particularly on parenting and childhood behaviors. Here we describe the early school-age follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial of Minding the Baby ® (MTB), a reflective, attachment-based, trauma-informed, preventive home-visiting intervention for first-time mothers and their infants. Results indicate that mothers who participated in MTB are less likely to show impaired mentalizing compared to control mothers two to eight years after the intervention ended. Additionally, MTB mothers have lower levels of hostile and coercive parenting, and their children have lower total and externalizing problem behavior scores when compared to controls at follow-up. We discuss our findings in terms of their contribution to understanding the long-term parenting and childhood socio-emotional developmental effects of early preventive interventions for stressed populations.
Equal Access to Telemedicine during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pediatric Otolaryngology Perspective

Objectives During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for direct-to-home telemedicine services has risen to an unprecedented level. Equal access to specialty care was assessed to identify potential barriers that may negatively impact telemedicine utilization. Methods We examined the 6-week period between March and May 2020 when the only access to non-urgent pediatric otolaryngology service was through telemedicine and compared it to in-person visits during the same period in 2019. We compared patient demographics including age, gender, preferred language, zip code of residence and primary insurance plan. Results A total of 1495 visits were conducted through telemedicine from 3/23/2020 to 5/1/2020, and 1983 in-person visits were completed in 2019. There was no difference in patient age and gender. The proportions of Spanish speaking families were similar (15.8% in 2019 vs. 14.4% in 2020, p=0.96). The percentage of Medi-Cal insured patients (51.4% in 2019 vs.49.8% in 2020, p=0.73) and the mean poverty level (12.6% in 2019 vs. 12.2% in 2020, p=0.38) also remained the same. Spanish speaking families were statistically more likely to require rescheduling of their telemedicine visits (17.2%) when compared to the overall rescheduling rate of 11.9% (p=0.0083). Conclusions We were able to successfully provide access to telemedicine services to our vulnerable populations during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine is likely to remain an essential mode of delivering patient care going forward. It is important to evaluate and identify potential disparities to telemedicine access and proactively implement changes to address these barriers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The coevolution of rent appropriation and capability development

Extant approaches to rent appropriation are static in that they explore bargaining power at a fixed point in time. This article contributes by examining how capabilities and bargaining power coevolve. As capabilities are developed, those who are favored by knowledge asymmetries make decisions that balance value creation potential against the rent appropriation regime, such as the organizational form in which the capability will be embedded. Using the example of Apple's development of the iPod, this article illustrates how stakeholders plan for rent appropriation as they assemble new capabilities—well before any value is actually created. Given that firm performance is an outcome of both capability development and rent appropriation, a robust theory must incorporate an understanding of how they coevolve. As such, the article highlights the need to integrate property rights theory with theories of value creation and governance costs as actors constantly make trade-offs along these dimensions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 modifies the nucleolar stress response activated by actinomycin D.

G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is localized within the nucleus and moderates functions such as DNA transcription, in addition to its localization at the plasma membrane. In this report,...
Defining GME Librarianship: Creating and Developing a New Graduate Medical Education Library Program and Librarian Position

An academic research institution and a corporate hospital system formed a new graduate medical education (GME) consortium. The consortium objectives were to increase the scholarly activity of the residents and fellows in a national hospital system's GME residency program to match the requirements set forth by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. A GME librarian position was created specifically to serve the GME research programs at Florida area hospitals to help with this objective. This paper describes the experience, activities, and lessons learned from the creation of an entirely new GME library program and librarian position for a nine-hospital region in Florida.
The Division of Labor and Communication

Knowledge about the advantages of the division of labor goes back at least to the ancient Greeks.1,2 But it is not until the discussion of this subject by Adam Smith (1776, 1963) that it has occupied a central role in the development of economics.
Understanding Complex Networks Using Graph Spectrum

Complex networks are becoming indispensable parts of our lives. The Internet, wireless (cellular) networks, online social networks, and transportation networks are examples of some well-known complex networks around us. These networks generate an immense range of big data: weblogs, social media, the Internet traffic, which have increasingly drawn attentions from the computer science research community to explore and investigate the fundamental properties of, and improve the user experiences on, these complex networks. This work focuses on understanding complex networks based on the graph spectrum, namely, developing and applying spectral graph theories and models for understanding and employing versatile and oblivious network information -- asymmetrical characteristics of the wireless transmission channels, multiplex social relations, e.g., trust and distrust relations, etc -- in solving various application problems, such as estimating transmission cost in wireless networks, Internet traffic engineering, and social influence analysis in social networks.
The equivariant Dold theorem mod $k$ and the Adams conjecture

In this paper, we state and prove a $G$-equivariant version of the Dold Theorem mod $k$ for finite groups $G$. We then use this theorem to prove an equivariant version of the Adams Conjecture for $G$ cyclic, using the Becker-Gottlieb approach. The case for general $G$ and finite structure groups is also obtained by the methods of Quillen. We would like to express our gratitude to Professor J. P. May for his encouragement and many useful suggestions, and to the referee for his critical reading of the manuscript, and for his improvements on several of our proofs.
Teaching Science as Science Is Practiced: Opportunities and Limits for Enhancing Preservice Elementary Teachers' Self-Efficacy for Science and Science Teaching.

Science teaching in elementary schools, or the lack thereof, continues to be an area of concern and criticism. Preservice elementary teachers' lack of confidence in teaching science is a major part of this problem. In this mixed-methods study, we report the impacts of an inquiry-based science course on preservice elementary teachers' self-efficacy for science and science teaching, understanding of science, and willingness to teach it in their future careers. Our findings suggest that for some students, the inquiry-based science course positively influenced their self-efficacy for science and science teaching. Gains were made in a majority of students' conceptual understanding of science, understanding of the science process and scientific research, and confidence with science and science teaching. The subjects did not experience the course uniformly, however. Rather, there appeared to be two distinct groups, one on a trajectory of improving their outlook on science teaching and one worsening. The results presented here therefore provoke some interesting questions regarding preservice elementary teachers' preparation for science teaching.
CEO Risk Preference and Investing in R&D

This study aims at: (1) developing an index to measure CEO risk tolerance using publicly available data, and (2) examining the association between this index and investment in risky projects. Using relative pay-at-risk as a proxy for risk preference (tolerance) is a new proposition and is supported by having significant association with CEOs' socio-demographic variables—the variables often studied in connection with risk aversion. Furthermore, this risk preference indicator has a positive association with risk-taking behaviour as proxied by R&D expenditures. The in-sample estimation and out-of-sample predictions support (a) using relative pay-at-risk as a valid proxy for risk tolerance, and (b) finding statistically significant positive association between this measure and R&D expenditures. The association has different degrees of strength for nine out of 11 industries.
Design Science Research

Since the dawn of the digital revolution, information technologies have changed the way we live, work, play, and entertain. Keywords: DSR in a nutshell; DSR activities within field; future DSR balancing rigor with relevance
Analysis for Extraneous Matter

Analysis for extraneous matter is an important element both in the selection of raw materials for food manufacturing and for monitoring the quality of processed foods. Defect action levels (DALs) of specific products are established for amounts of extraneous matter considered unavoidable and of no health hazard. However, the presence of extraneous material in a food product is unappealing, can pose a serious health hazard to the consumer, and represents lack of good manufacturing practices and sanitary conditions in production, storage, or distribution of food. This chapter provides an overview of basic official methods to isolate extraneous matter from foods, using a series of physical and chemical means to separate the extraneous material for identification and enumeration. Major concerns in the analysis of food products for extraneous matter by traditional methods are the subjectivity of methods and the availability of adequately trained analysts. The chapter also includes an overview of more sophisticated techniques to pinpoint the nature and source of contaminants (x-ray radiography, x-ray microtomography, electrical conductance, impact-acoustic emission, microscopy techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays).
Breast metastases from an adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting thymic neuro-endocrine tumor

Metastases to the breast from non-mammary sites are rare and pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. They can be mistaken for primary breast malignancy, which is much more common. In this case report we describe the clinical, radiological and pathological features of a patient who developed breast metastases from an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting thymic neuro-endocrine carcinoma. Patient was initially felt to have a primary breast malignancy, however, after further ancillary testing a diagnosis of metastatic thymic neuro-endocrine tumor was made.
Clay, the Colloidal Component

The term clay suggests a soil that tends to retain water and become soft and sticky when wet. In the context of soil texture, it designates a range of particle sizes—namely, particles smaller than 2 μ or a soil material with a high fractional content of this particle-size range. Much of the clay therefore fits within the physicochemical category of colloids, which are finely divided materials that tend to disperse within gases and liquids and exhibit a very high degree of surface activity. In the mineralogical sense, clay refers to a particular group of minerals, many of which occur in the clay fraction of the soil. Sand and silt consist mainly of weathering-resistant primary minerals—that is, the minerals present in the original rock from which the soil was formed. Clay however includes secondary minerals that are formed in the soil itself by the decomposition of the primary minerals and their recomposition into new ones. The various clay minerals differ from one another in prevalence and properties and in the way they affect soil behavior. These minerals rarely occur in homogeneous deposits; in the soil, they generally appear in mixtures, the specific composition of which depends in each case on the combination of conditions that governed the soil formation.
Optical properties and tunability of macroporous silicon 2-D photonic bandgap structures

Photonic bandgap (PBG) materials offer an attractive and compact way of integrating the building blocks for optical interconnects and optoelectronic circuits. In this work we demonstrate 2-D macroporous silicon PBG structures fabricated using interferometric lithography and electrochemical etching of silicon. Optical measurements match well with simulations. We achieve tuning of the PBG using liquid crystals (LCs) infiltrated inside the porous silicon. Surface treatment methods for controlling the initial LC molecule orientation inside the pores are also demonstrated. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ice core reconstruction of Antarctic climate change and implications

La Antartica es la biblioteca medioambiental de testigos de hielo mas grande del planeta. Algunos ejemplos de los hallazgos cientificos del consorcio de 21 paises llamado la Expedicion Cientifica Internacional Trans Antartica (ITASE), bajo los auspicios del Comite Cientifico de Investigaciones Antarticas (SCAR) se presentan con especial enfasis en el valor de estos registros en la reconstruccion de la circulacion atmosferica sobre la Antartica y el Oceano Austral.