cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Off - Shell Effects in Triton Binding - Energy and Form - Factor Calculations

We calculate the triton binding energy and charge form factor for a set of phase-shift-equivalent, $S$-wave, spin-independent potentials. The Faddeev equations are solved by the method of Pad\'e approximants. We present a partial wave expansion for the triton form factor for a $J=0$ spatially symmetric wave function. A 6-MeV variation in triton binding energy results occurs for the potentials studied. All but 1 MeV of this off-shell variation is attributable to changes in the deuteron wave function. The relation between the triton binding energy and deuteron wave function is discussed. We find that the triton binding energy is sensitive to the relative amount of scale distortion in the momentum-space deuteron wave function. For the potentials studied, less binding in the triton is associated with deuteron wave functions that are more "compressed," i.e., fall off more rapidly in momentum space for $kl2$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We also find that potentials that yield less binding in the triton (in worse agreement with experiment) yield a diffraction minimum in the form factor at smaller momentum transfer (in better agreement with experiment). The disparity between the binding-energy results and form-factor results with respect to experiment may indicate a role for three-body forces in the three-nucleon system.
On difference schemes and orthogonal arrays of strength t

Abstract Difference schemes (Bose and Bush, Ann. Math. Statist. 23 (1952), 508–524) form a useful tool for the construction of orthogonal arrays of strength 2. We study a generalization of these schemes, difference schemes of strength t , which are useful for the construction and representation of orthogonal arrays of strength t . We study the existence of difference schemes of strength t , methods for their construction, and methods to construct orthogonal arrays of strength t from these schemes.
Effect of cryptorchidism on testicular enzymes involved in androgen biosynthesis.

Unilateral cryptorchidism was produced in 100 g male rats. Some of the - animals were hypophysectomized 2–3 days before the testicular operation. Half the intact and half the hypophysectomized rats were injected with 100 IU HCG daily from the time of operation. Three weeks later the ability of the cryptorchid testes to convert progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 4- androstenedione and testosterone was compared with that of the scrotal testes of the same animals. In all cases the activities of the scrotal testes were significantly greater. Although hypophysectomy caused a marked reduction in the enzymic activity of the scrotal testes, that of the abdominal testes was reduced even more. The scrotal testes responded to HCG with marked increases in activity in both the normal and hypophysectomized groups. The cryptorchid testes of the hypophysectomized rats showed an increase from their very low levels, but those in the intact rats did not respond. Apparently there is a limit to the response of the crypt...
Influences of PAR, temperature and water vapor concentration on gas exchange by ferns

The effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf temperature and the leaf-to-air water vapor concentration drop on net CO2 uptake and water vapor conductance were surveyed for 14 species of ferns. Most previous studies indicated that ferns have extremely low maximal rates of net CO2 uptake, below 2 umol m−2 s−1, whereas the average maximal rate observed here at 250 C was 7 umol m−2 s−1. Net CO2 uptake reached 90% of saturation at an average PAR (400 to 700 nm) of only 240 umol m−2 s−1, consistent with the typically shaded habitats of most ferns. Maximal CO2 uptake rates were positively correlated with the PAR for 90% saturation (r2=0.59), the chlorophyII per unit leaf area (r2=0.30), the water vapor conductance (r2=0.65), and the CO2 residual conductance (r2=0.69). A higher water vapor conductance (gwv) was correlated with a greater fractional change in gwv as the leaf-to-air water vapor concentration drop (Δcwv) was raised from 5to20 g m−3 (r2=0.90). Specifically, for species with low gwv of about I mm s−1 the ratio of gwv at Δcwv= 5 g m−3 to that at Δcwv= 20 g m−3 was near 1, but it was near 2 for species with gwv of about 4 mm s−1. Such a relationship, which can prevent excessive transpiration, has apparently not previously been pointed out in surveys of other plant groups.
Measurement of isoelectric point of S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine and its metabolic products by an isoelectric focusing technique

The isoelectric point (pI) of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and some of its metabolic products has been determined by an isoelectric focusing technique. The experimental pI values of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and S-methylmethionine are 7.24 and 6.85, respectively, and the pI values of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and homocysteine are 6.05 and 5.65, respectively. This indicates that the contribution by adenosine, adenine and ribose to the total electric charge of S-adenosyl-L-methionine or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is approximately 0.40 pI unit. The differences in the pI values between two pairs of compounds (S-adenosyl-L-methionine vs. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and S-methylmethionine vs. methionine) are very close (1.19 and 1.14, respectively). This difference is the amount of pI value contributed by the sulfonium group which has been formed by methyl addition. Surprisingly, the presence of a permanent positive charge at the sulfonium center in S-adenosyl-L-methionine and S-methylmethionine does not result in a higher pI values for these compounds. This might be due to the partial neutralization of the positive charge by the formation of carbanion. The mechanism of charge neutralization in these sulfonium compounds is discussed.
Achieving Objectivity through Genred Activity: A Case Study:

Finding itself at the center of highly publicized legal and political deliberations over fairness in testing, personnel credibility, and legal liability, the training department at a North American transit authority adopted a genre system that enabled the production of objective evidence of job competence, which was then used to make objective decisions about who passed and failed various training programs. The ongoing genre-structured activity of the department involved not only the regularization of organizational texts but also the regularization of social interaction mediated by those texts, which, while producing the types of interpretively stable documents required for successful public deliberation, led to a shift in authority and social relations within the department that instigated considerable resentment and loss of morale among many veteran instructors.
Relation Between Globorotalia truncatulinoides and G. tosaensis in Pliocene-Pleistocene Deep-Sea Core from South Pacific: ABSTRACT

Based on nannofossils, a carbonate core from the South Pacific (Eltanin 21-5; 36°41^primeS; 93°38^primeW; length 480 cm; depth 3,121 m) is late Pliocene to early Pleistocene in age. The Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary (325 cm) is placed at the last appearance of most discoaster species in the core including D. pentaradiatus and D. surculus. Discoaster brouweri extends higher, to 225 cm where it also becomes extinct. Above the top of the Pliocene, the presence of D. brouweri and absence of Gephyrocapsa oceanica indicate an earlier Pleistocene age; the middle Pleistocene and much of the late Pleistocene are missing in unconformity near the core top. This core is significant in showing alternations of dominantly keeled and dominantly nonkeeled populations of the Globorotalia truncatulinoides - G. tosaensis plexus. The lower (425-480 cm) and upper (0-130 cm) core sections contain populations dominated (>78%) by keeled forms referable to G. truncatulinoides, whereas intermediate intervals between 198 and 400 cm contain populations dominated (>80%) by nonkeeled forms which agree well with topotypes of G. tosaensis. Transitional populations are present between 145 and 180 cm. Globorotalia truncatulinoides is associated in the core only with marginal tropical foraminiferal faunas including Globorotalia menardii, Globigerinoides conglobatus, and "Globigerina" dutertrei whereas G. tosaensis is associated with a cooler water planktonic foraminiferal assemblage lacking these species and with higher frequencies of Globorotalia inflata and right coiling Globigerina pachyderma. Likewise, the coccolith Unbilicosphaera leptopora which prefers warm waters, exhibits marked increases in frequency in the upper and lower core sections containing G. truncatulinoides. Although not decisive, this sequence suggests that during the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene, at least in this area, G. truncatulinoides and G. tosaensis were either phenotypic variants or separate subspecies or species with distinct environmental preferences. It also provokes speculation as to whether the G. tosaensis to G. truncatulinoides evolutionary bioseries near the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in tropical deep-sea areas, including the Gulf of Mexico, is the result of ecologic or oceanographic change. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2038------------
Pancreatitis in patients with aids presumptively due to CMV

We have studied two patients who developed pancreatitis and who died of complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). From clinical analysis, presumptively, both patients developed CMV pancreatitis as a complication of AIDS.
Culturally (in)competent? Dismantling health care barriers for sexual minority women

Lesbian and bisexual (LB) women exhibit elevated rates of a variety of behaviors (i.e., smoking, excessive caloric intake, physical inactivity, heavy alcohol consumption) that put them at risk for adverse health consequences. Furthermore, LB women experience numerous barriers to obtaining culturally competent health care. In this article we review risk behaviors and health care barriers and we discuss the role of stress as an important contributing factor in LB women's health outcomes. We suggest future research, health care delivery changes, and training improvements that will prepare social workers to effectively address the needs of their LB clients.
Hypoxia augments cytokine (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and IL-1)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by human synovial fibroblasts

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is abundant in synovium and synovial fluids, where it probably contributes to vascular permeability and angiogenesis in arthritic joints. To investigate the probable sources of VEGF in synovium, we compared the ability of several cytokines (TGF-beta, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), IL-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) that are associated with arthritis and angiogenesis, to stimulate secretion of VEGF protein by human synovial fibroblasts. TGF-beta was the strongest inducer of VEGF secretion; six times more VEGF was secreted when cells were stimulated by TGF-beta than when stimulated by PDGF or IL-1 for 24 h. TNF-alpha and bFGF did not stimulate any secretion of VEGF. The stimulatory effects of TGF-beta and IL-1 on VEGF secretion were additive. Hypoxic culture alone also stimulated VEGF secretion, but more importantly, hypoxic culture conditions doubled the rate of VEGF secretion stimulated by the cytokines TGF-beta and IL-1. When dermal and synovial fibroblasts were stimulated identically by hypoxia and cytokines (TGF-beta and IL-1), synovial fibroblasts secreted four times more VEGF than did dermal fibroblasts. Thus in rheumatoid arthritis, the capacity of synovial fibroblasts in the hypoxic environment to secrete large amounts of VEGF in response to cytokines such as TGF-beta probably contributes significantly to angiogenesis in the synovium.
Computational models for simulation of a lithium-ion battery module specimen under punch indentation

Abstract In this paper, macro homogenized material models are adopted to simulate an in-plane constrained punch indentation test of a small-scale lithium-ion battery module specimen. The macro material models are based on the compressive stress–strain curves obtained from representative volume element (RVE) module specimens under in-plane constrained compression tests. The ABAQUS implicit solver is used for simulation of the punch test. The hyperfoam and the crushable foam material models in ABAQUS are adopted to fit the nominal stress–strain curves of the module RVE specimens under in-plane constrained compression. The load–displacement responses and the deformation patterns of the module specimen from the finite element analyses of the punch test based on the hyperfoam and crushable foam material models compare fairly well with the experimental results. However, the initial yielding and the corresponding unloading of the load–displacement curves of the module specimen due to micro buckling could not be modeled distinctively by the macro homogenized models. The computational results show that the material models available in commercial finite element software can be used to reasonably model lithium-ion battery modules under non-uniform compression loading conditions.
Content-based alternatives to conventional network monitoring systems

Network monitoring and management rely extensively upon network protocol identification as one of the most basic acts of analysis of network traffic. However, the conventional method of identifying network protocols based upon standard or well-known port numbers is no longer sufficient for modern networks, given the propensities for users and programs to change ports dynamically or use nonstandard ports. Unfortunately, this calls into question the ability of the collection of standard tools to gather reliable network intelligence.
Confronting the challenges of implementing marine ecosystem-based management

Many services provided by coastal and marine ecosystems are in decline. Awareness of these declines and the need to improve existing management has led to a shift toward ecosystem-based approaches to marine management and conservation, both in the US and elsewhere. Marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) involves recognizing and addressing interactions among different spatial and temporal scales, within and among ecological and social systems, and among stakeholder groups and communities interested in the health and stewardship of coastal and marine areas. We discuss some overarching principles of marine EBM and highlight key challenges facing implementation. We then recommend ways in which natural and social scientists can advance implementation of ecosystem-based approaches in the oceans by addressing key research needs, building interdisciplinary scientific capacity, and synthesizing and communicating scientific knowledge to policy makers, managers, and other stakeholders.
Non-linear effects in the spin-wave conduction electron interaction

Abstract The effect of non-linear terms on the interaction of spin-waves with conduction electrons has been studied. For small spin-wave amplitudes, the non-linear terms introduce only small corrections to the linear approximation.
CTA and MRA: Visualization without catheterization

The ideal modality for vascular imaging would be noninvasive and inexpensive. A volumetric acquisition would permit visualization of vessels from arbitrary angles. High contrast between the vessel lumen and background tissue would be coupled with excellent spatial resolution allowing accurate depiction of small vessels. Characterization of the constituent components of the vessel wall would be possible. High temporal resolution would both freeze the motion of fast moving vessels and show the direction and speed of blood flow. Finally, the modality would expose the patient to a minimal amount of ionizing radiation or potentially toxic contrast agents. Diagnostic conventional catheter angiography offers unsurpassed spatial and temporal resolution. However, catheter angiography is an interventional procedure, exposes the patient to both ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast, and does not depict the vessel wall. Additionally, view angles are chosen before the administration of contrast and may not demonstrate certain lesions. These limitations have driven the development of both computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Both of these modalities rapidly acquire volumetric data sets, which can then be evaluated slice by slice or by more advanced volumetric rendering techniques. CTA and MRA are minimally invasive and less costly than angiography. While CTA and MRA cannot compete with the spatial or temporal resolution of conventional angiography, present technology has proven clinical efficacy in a wide range of applications. The principles behind CTA and MRA and their comparative strengths and weaknesses will be discussed. The different volumetric rendering techniques will be reviewed. Finally, recent advances that will likely further improve these modalities will be summarized.
Transplantation of neonatal cardiomyocytes after permanent coronary artery occlusion increases regional blood flow of infarcted myocardium.

Abstract Background. – Cellular cardiomyoplasty is a promising approach for rebuilding scar tissue after acute myocardial infarction. However, the angiogenic potential of transplanted immature cardiomyocytes and their effect on regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) after coronary artery occlusion remain to be evaluated. Methods and results. – Intramyocardial injection of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes (4 × 106 cells/50-70 μl) into the scar 1 week after permanent coronary occlusion in rats resulted in improved RMBF in the infarct 4 weeks after transplantation (radioactive microspheres, 0.97 ± 0.18 ml/min/g) in comparison to medium-injected hearts (0.61 ± 0.11 ml/min/g, P Conclusions. – Transplantation of neonatal cardiomyocytes induced neo-angiogenesis in zones of successful cell engraftment within the scar, which effectively enhanced tissue perfusion.
Artifact Halo Reduction in Phase Contrast Microscopy Using Apodization

A new phase contrast microscopy technique for halo reduction is proposed. This technique is based on an apodization method combined with the Zernike phase contrast method. Although it has been a diflicult theoretical problem, the proposed technique achieves halo reduction by considering angles of diffraction and phase differences. The technique utilizes an apodized phase plate consisting of a quarter wave phase shift ring with a 250/0 transmittance, and a pair of adjacent rings, which have 500/0 transmittance. This element is placed at the back focal plane of the objective. The result is startling, halo reduced images of phase objects providing enhanced inner details. Key word~: phase contrast microscopy, apodization, halo, apodized phase plate, angle of diffraction, phase difference
Spectral backgrounds from KDP in type-I and type-II phase matching☆

Abstract A theoretical comparison is made between the parametric generated light in type I and type II KDP by a spectral broadened light pulse.
The thermal conductivity of hydrocarbon gases at normal pressures

Dimensional analysis has been applied for the correlation of the thermal conductivity of a gas to its temperature, molecular weight, heat capacity, and critical constants. This approach indicates that the group k*λ/Cp should be a function of zc and TR, where λ = M1/2Tc1/6/Pc2/3. Experimental thermal conductivities of hydrocarbons at normal pressures (approximately 0.2 to 5 atm.) have been used to develop two relationships. The first is applicable to all types of hydrocarbons for 0.6 < TR < 3.0 with the exception of methane and the cyclic hydrocarbons below TR = 1.0, for which the other relationship is applicable. These two relationships have been used to calculate thermal conductivities for twenty-eight gaseous hydrocarbons for which experimental data are available. Calculated values for normal paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, diolefins, acetylenes, naphthenes, and aromatics produce an average deviation of 2.4% from experimental values for 154 points considered.
Peroxidation of brain lipids in vitro: nitric oxide versus hydroxyl radicals.

Abstract The pro-oxidant effects of hydroxyl radical (-OH, ferrous ammonium sulfate/Fe2+) or nitric oxide (NO-, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine/SNAP) generating compounds were studied in rat brain homogenate preparations. Submicromolar concentrations of Fe2+, but not SNAP (up to 100 μM), increased the formation of fluorescent products of malondialdehyde in cortical homogenates. In fact, iron-catalyzed brain lipid peroxidation was inhibited by SNAP (100 μM), but not by light-exposed SNAP or its degradation product penicillamine (100 μM). This study provides relevant evidence to suggest that submicromolar concentrations of Fe2+ can potentiate lipid peroxidation in disrupted brain tissue. NO· released from SNAP did not stimulate, but rather inhibited brain lipid peroxidation. These results support the hypothesis that NO·, as opposed to ·OH radicals, is not a pro-oxidant but rather an antioxidant.
Surface growth with power-law noise.

We investigate a continuum formulation of surface growth with a power-law distribution of the magnitudes of regional advances. An exact theory predicts a sharp transition of the scaling behavior from power-law noise domination to a Gaussian noise regime as the power increases. Excellent agreement with simulations is obtained. This formulation describes Zhang's ballistic deposition model with power-law noise and possibly recent fluid displacement experiments.
Commentary I: ‘It’s a hijra!’ Queer linguistics revisited:

In a review of contributions to a special issue of Discourse & Society on queer linguistics, this article argues that the concept of indexicality, as theorized across diverse fields in sociocultural linguistics, has the potential to offer a much richer account of subjectivity than found in dominant strands of queer theory. While queer theory valorizes practice over identity, viewing the latter as fixed and necessarily allied with normativity, research on language and social interaction suggests that an analytic distinction between practice and identity is untenable. The indexical processes that work to produce social meaning are multi-layered and always shifting across time and space, even within systems of heteronormativity. It is this semiotic evolution that should become the cornerstone of a (new) queer linguistics.
Lack of effect of histidine on rabbit atheromatosis.

CHIMAKADZE1,2 has published an interesting report on the treatment with histidine of rabbits fed with cholesterol. He claimed that daily administration of 80 mgm. of histidine for 20 days lowered the serum cholesterol-levels by 1,000–1,300 mgm. per cent and markedly diminished the deposition of aortic lipids. In view of the potential importance of these claims we decided to repeat and extend the experiment.
Change in hair color in mice induced by injection of alpha-msh.

Mice of the black agouti C3H XAF1 hybrid cross were injected with 5 X105 U α-MSH twice daily. Hair regrowing in shaved and plucked areas during the period of injections was black in color. The significance of this finding and its relationship to the circulating agent promoting hair darkening in animals bearing a previously described transplantable pituitary tumor are discussed. (Endocrinology 79: 1165, 1966)
Mutational analysis of Mycobacterium UvrD1 identifies functional groups required for ATP hydrolysis, DNA unwinding, and chemomechanical coupling.

Mycobacterial UvrD1 is a DNA-dependent ATPase and a Ku-dependent 3′ to 5′ DNA helicase. The UvrD1 motor domain resembles that of the prototypal superfamily I helicases UvrD and PcrA. Here we performed a mutational analysis of UvrD1 guided by the crystal structure of a DNA-bound Escherichia coli UvrD−ADP−MgF3 transition state mimetic. Alanine scanning and conservative substitutions identified amino acids essential for both ATP hydrolysis and duplex unwinding, including those implicated in phosphohydrolase chemistry via transition state stabilization (Arg308, Arg648, Gln275), divalent cation coordination (Glu236), or activation of the nucleophilic water (Glu236, Gln275). Other residues important for ATPase/helicase activity include Phe280 and Phe72, which interact with the DNA 3′ single strand tail. ATP hydrolysis was uncoupled from duplex unwinding by mutations at Glu609 (in helicase motif V), which contacts the ATP ribose sugar. Introducing alanine in lieu of the adenine-binding “Q motif” glutamine (Gln24...
A nonisothermal method of investigating the sintering kinetics of materials controlled by two mechanisms

A nonisothermal method has been developed for determining the kinetic parameters of a materials sintering process controlled by two mechanisms. Using this method, it is possible to obtain the required information by performing two nonisothermal experiments at different specimen heating rates. The method has been employed for analyzing the kinetics of activated sintering of corundum.
Oxidative stress and gene expression: The AP-1 and NF-κB connections

Two transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1, have emerged in recent years as major targets for signaling pathways that are activated by a variety of proinflammatory stimuli. The same transcription factors were also found to be regulated by oxidative stress, although in this case, we find evidence for both positive and negative regulation (especially for NF-κB). After discussing how each of these transcription factors is regulated by proinflammatory stimuli, their regulation by oxidative stress and pro-oxidants will be addressed. Transcription factor NF-κB is regulated through interaction with inhibitory proteins, the IκBs. In response to cell stimulation with proinflammatory stimuli, the IκBs are rapidly phosphorylated at two conserved serines, followed by subsequent polyubiquitination and degradation through the 26S proteasome. Although many diverse stimuli including TNFα, IL-1, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other components of bacterial cell walls, double stranded (ds) RNA, viruses and ionizing radiation activate NF-κB through induction of IκB phosphorylation, they all operate through a common protein kinase-the IκB kinase (IKK). Purification of IKK indicates it is a large complex composed of at least three subunits, IKKα, IKKβ and IKKγ. The first two are closely related catalytic subunits (kinases) and the third is a regulatory subunit. The integrity of IKKγ is required for the ability of IKK to respond to all the stimuli listed above, IKKα and IKKβ, however, are functionally different despite their close similarity. Only IKKβ is essential for activation of IKK and NF-κB by proinflammatory stimuli. IKKα, on the other hand is dispensable for proinflammatory signaling but is required for control of cell differentiation, especially in the epidermis. Proinflammatory stimuli activate IKK by stimulating the posphorylation of the IKKβ subunit at two serines within its activation loop. In addition to proinflammatory stimuli, NF-κB is believed to be activated by oxidants and pro-oxidants. However, in most cells that we (and others) have examined oxidants and pro-oxidants, such as H2O2 or arsenite (As3+), are not potent NF-κB activators and in fact can prevent its activation by proinflammatory stimuli, such as TNFα or IL-1. In a few cell lines, however, H2O2 exposure does lead to NF-κB activation but two different types of responses were identified. In Rat1 cells, for instance, H2O2 acts via IKK activation, but in Jurkat cells, as shown by others, the activation of NF-κB by H2O2 is IKK independent and seems to be mediated via tyrosine phosphorylation of IκBα. In all cell lines, exposure to As3+ inhibits NF-κB activation. We found that As3+ treatment of cells or purified IKK directly inhibits its kinase activity towards IκBα. We identified a specific cyteine residue in IKKβ that if converted to alanine protects the enzyme from inhibition by As3+. When this mutant is expressed in cells, it prevents the inhibition of NF-κB activity. This cysteine
Growth rate, internal rates of return and turnpikes in an investment model

This paper describes the relationship between the model's growth rate, the set of vectors of equilibrium growth and the set of internal rates of return of the investment matrix. This matrix specifies the renewable and reproducible scale-neutral investment possibilities. An explicit description of quasioptimal strategies and turnpikes is given.
Bisection of loudness

In a loudness bisection task, subjects varied one sound to lie halfway between two given sounds in terms of loudness. The two given sounds were varied from 30 to 90 dB in a 4 by 9 factorial design. Functional measurement methods based on monotone analysis provided good support for the bisection model, and yielded a loudness scale with an exponent of about .3, except for a falloff at lower intensities. Two other tasks, judging average loudness and difference in loudness of the two given sounds, yielded mixed results. In Experiment 2, in particular, the differencing judgments were not additive, even under monotone transformation. These analyses also indicated that previous applications of monotone analysis have typically lacked adequate power to allow any conclusion about the operative model. Overall, the present bisection scale agrees with Garner’s lambda scale, and the present theoretical approach agrees with that of Garner in its emphasis on algebraic models as a foundation for psychological measurement.
Treatment planning for ferromagnetic seed heating.

Abstract Computer simulations of ferromagnetic seed heating have been performed for the case of a single constant-temperature ferromagnetic seed. Results obtained from both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional thermal models are compared to determine the appropriate use and limitations of the 2-dimensional model for the case of array implants. It has been determined that the 2-dimensional model that assumes infinite extent of the ferromagnetic seed(s) is applicable for calculating the thermal distribution in any plane perpendicular to the axes of the implant(s) up to 1 cm from the ends of the seed (s). The feasibility of spatially interspersed ferromagnetic and radioactive seeds for concurrent hyperthermia and brachytherapy has also been studied. The steady-state temperature distribution within an array of ferromagnetic seed implant has been examined as a function of implant spacing and blood perfusion rate. The results have been quantified in generalized histograms that are readily applicable to pre-treatment planning.
Evolution of the Study of Left Ventricular Function Everything Old Is New Again

The science of cardiology has evolved parallel to most medical sciences, first emphasizing anatomy, then physiology, and now molecular biology. In the 1960s, when it had become obvious that effective medical and surgical therapies were available for cardiac diseases, there developed a heightened interest in measuring cardiac function as a way of evaluating the heart’s response to those therapies. Because the heart is a muscle, it was logical that measurements of muscle function would be prognostic indicators of the success or failure of a given therapy. See Circulation . 2002;105:1602–1608 The cardiac muscle translates force into motion, generating cardiac output that is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. Stroke volume is dependent upon contractility (the innate ability of the muscle to generate force), preload, and afterload. Because contractility is the fundamental ability of the heart muscle to do its job, this property generated the greatest focus for measurement. The ideal measure of contractility would have the characteristics listed in Table 1. Unfortunately, despite literally hundreds of investigations, this ideal measure was never developed. Each index of function went through a typical evolution of discovery, enthusiasm, concern for imperfections, and eventual abandonment. The strengths and weaknesses of many of the indexes are listed in Table 2.1–20⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓ The result has been that ejection fraction was chosen by the …
Revisiting Through the Night (2002): a paradigm or anomaly in Japanese–Korean co-production and cross-media adaptation

Yoru o Kakete/Through the Night (2002) at first seems like a paradigmatic co-production if we simply acknowledge its large budget, international cast of Korean and Japanese stars and the timing of release that coincided with FIFA World Cup in 2002 co-hosted by Korea and Japan. Yet the film was a precarious venture led by a group of Zainichi Koreans (Koreans in Japan) with minimal experience in film production: the theater director Kim Sujin, the entrepreneur Kwak Choon-yang and the novelist Yang Sogil. Rather than an international consortium of corporations that carefully spreads the risk and profit, the film was backed by Kwak, a first-time film producer, and his small publishing house that specializes in photography books, children's books and publications related to Korean culture. Despite these idiosyncrasies, I argue that Through the Night should be studied within the rubric of East Asian co-production, since it offers a unique case study that critically engages with existing scholarship on transnati...
Effect of cerebroventricular infusion of insulin and (or) glucose on hypothalamic expression of leptin receptor and pituitary secretion of LH in diet-restricted ewes☆☆

The objective was to determine the effect of central infusion of insulin and (or) glucose on hypothalamic expression of leptin receptor and pituitary secretion of LH in the ewe. Twenty-two ovariectomized ewes (32 wk of age) were fitted with two lateral cerebroventricular (LCV) cannulae and fed 33% of NRC requirements for 8 wk. Ewes (n> or =5/group) were then infused, via LCV cannulae, with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or aCSF containing physiological concentrations of insulin (INS), glucose (GLU), or INS + GLU; the mass of each increasing linearly from Day 0 (mass = 0 units/h) to Day 8 (mass of INS = 80 mIU/hr and GLU = 10 mg/hr). Jugular serum was collected every 12 min for 4 hr on Days 0, 2, and 4. Ewes treated with INS or INS + GLU had greater (P 8.0+/-3.3 ng/ml). Furthermore, on Day 4, concentrations of LH in INS treated ewes exceeded that (P 7.4+/-3.0 ng/ml). Expression of NPY mRNA did not differ between treatments (P = 0.87). Leptin receptor mRNA expression was dramatically reduced (P<0.0002) in INS+GLU versus aCSF treated ewes. These data provide evidence to suggest that insulin may be an important component of hypothalamic mechanisms regulating secretion of LH and expression of leptin receptors in undernourished ruminants.
Reactions of thin‐film titanium on silicon studied by Raman spectroscopy

Thin Ti films have been deposited on Si 〈100〉 substrates and annealed to form silicide compounds. The annealings were performed in a vacuum rapid isothermal annealing system or in an UHV chamber. Raman spectra were obtained after various processing stages or in situ in the UHV system. The results indicate the simultaneous formation of crystalline Ti2O3 and a Ti silicide tentatively identified as TiSi. Higher temperature annealing to greater than 750 °C leads to the formation of TiSi2 and the disappearance of the Ti2O3 signal.
Baxter operator for Hofstadter-Harper Hamiltonians

Abstract We find the Baxter Q -operator for Hamiltonians governing the dynamics of a charged particle on a lattice in a magnetic field.
Effects of Reduced Salt (NaCI) Levels on the Stability of Frankfurters

Frankfurters were manufactured with beef-pork mixtures using commercial procedures and with varying levels (2.5%, 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.0%) of two types of NaCl (granulated, flake). Parameters investigated included weight losses, composition, pH and microbial counts. At pH values above 5.7, salt levels >2.0% gave stable emulsions of high smokehouse yield (>92.9%). Reduction of salt level to <1.5%, or a low pH (<5.6), resulted in decreased smokehouse yield (86.4–91.3%), poor peelabillty and appearance, and, in certain instances, formation of fat caps. Flake NaCl did not improve emulsion properties compared to regular granulated salt. Microbial growth varied and reflected initial pH values and pH changes during storage (8°C). Variations in final product composition due to emulsion losses with reduced salt levels may have overshadowed the effect of salt level on total microbial growth.
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Subwavelength Defect Detection Mechanism: Experiment and Simulation

The ultrasonic pulse-echo backscattered amplitude integral (BAI)-mode imaging technique [IEEE Trans. UFFC, 45:30 (1998)] has demonstrated sensitive detection of subwavelength channel defects (38-μm diameter reliably and 6-μm diameter occasionally) in flexible 220-μm-thick food package seals (17.3 MHz, λ ≈ 86 μm). However, the underlying subwavelength defect detection mechanism is poorly understood. In this contribution, a theoretical modeling study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism. The subwavelength diameter channel was fused in-between two plastic package films by applying heat from one side of the films. The sample cross-section microstructure was characterized from both optical and acoustic images. The cross-section impedance profiles along sample thickness dimension were determined. Although identical in nominal impedance properties before sealing, the two binding films showed an asymmetric impedance profile after sealing. Transient finite-element heat conduction analysis and impedance profiles of multiple-sealed package samples showed that the single-sided heating process caused an asymmetric impedance profile. A generalized impedance model was proposed based on these observations. An efficient two-dimensional simulation tool using a finite-difference time-domain method and the perfectly matched layer numerically evaluated the defect detection behavior of the radio-frequency (rf) echo waveforms. The normalized correlation coefficients between the simulated and the measured rf echo waveforms were greater than 95% for this generalized model, which suggested the validity of the proposed impedance model.
A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ASTREPHOMENE GUBERNACULIFERA AND VOLVULINA STEINII

THE MONOTYPIC genera Astrephomene Pocock and Volvulina Playfair are two of the less common members of the colonial Volvocales. Although their coenobia are basically alike in construction, significant differences exist between them so that Astrephomene is placed in a separate family, Astrephomenaceae, whereas Volvulina is included in the Volvocaceae. Since both organisms are encountered rarely and since the original literature is not readily accessible, a fairly detailed description of each is given.
Investigations of the Wavelength Dependence of Radar Backscatter from Atmospheric Turbulence

Abstract It has long been realized that turbulent mixing of vertical refractive-index gradients is responsible for most clear-air echoes seen by UHF radars. The assumptions that the turbulence is isotropic and homogeneous then let us predict a scale dependence, and therefore wavelength dependence, for the strength of these Bragg scattered echoes. This dependence, λ−1/3, is quite different from the wavelength dependence of Rayleigh scatter from hydrometeors, λ−4. Three sensitive collocated clear-air radars were used in coordinated experiments to test the predicted λ−1/3 dependence. The radars have well-separated wavelengths allowing us to probe atmospheric turbulence at three Bragg scales of 34, 11.5, and 1.5 cm, and recent modifications made to the radars enabled us to collect measurements closely matched in space and time. Results from measurements taken at many altitudes show that the λ−1/3 dependence is frequently observed. However, many measurements deviate from the prediction and the measured power l...
Factors Associated with Missed Psychiatry Visits in an Urban HIV Clinic

Psychiatric co-management is often required in HIV primary care. While rates and clinical impact of linkage and retention in HIV are well explored, fewer investigations focus specifically on linkage to psychiatry. In this investigation, we evaluate factors associated with linkage to psychiatric services using a retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected patients during a two-year observation period. Descriptive statistics depict patient characteristics, and logistic regression models were fit to evaluate factors associated with failure to establish care at the co-located psychiatry clinic following referral from HIV provider. Of 370 referred, 23 % did not attend a scheduled psychiatry appointment within 6 months of initial referral. In multivariable analysis, Non-white race, younger age, non-suppressed viral load, and increased wait time to appointment (in days) were associated with failure to attend. Further exploration of barriers that contribute to disparate linkage to psychiatric care may inform future interventions to improve HIV outcomes in this population. El co-manejo con psiquiatria se requiere frecuentemente en el cuidado de pacientes con VIH. Mientras se conoce bastante sobre las tasas de vinculacion y retencion en la atencion del VIH, pocos studios se han enfocado en la vinculacion de pacientes en cuidados psiquiatricos. En esta investigacion, evaluamos los factores asociados con la vinculacion a servicios psiquiatricosde pacientes VIH positivos en un estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes durante un periodo de observacion de dos anos. Se utilizan metodos estadisticos descriptivos para representar las caracteristicas de los pacientes, y se ajustaron modelos de regresion logistica para evaluar los factores asociados con el fracaso en el establecimiento de atencion en la clinica de psiquiatria (vinculacion) co-ubicada en el recinto de nuestra clinica de VIH siguiendo referimiento por el medico primario. De 370 pacientes referidos, el 23 % no acudieron a la cita programada despues de seis meses tras el referimiento inicial. En el analisis multivariable, la raza no blanca, la edad mas joven, la carga viral no suprimida, y un major tiempo de espera para la cita (en dias) se asociaron con la no asistencia. Exploracion adicional de las barreras que contribuyen a no establecer el vinculo inicial con psiquiatria podra informar futuras intervenciones para mejorar los resultados clinicos en pacientes con VIH.
Exploring the robustness of BitTorrent peer‐to‐peer content distribution systems

This paper assesses BitTorrent’s robustness against selfish peers who try to download content faster than their fair share by abusing existing protocol mechanisms. We present three exploits that can deliver potential benefits to a selfish peer and evaluate their impact on both public and private download sessions. Our results show that BitTorrent is quite robust against these exploits. Although selfish peers can sometimes attain high download throughput and compliant peers’ download rates suffer slightly in consequence, we observe no significant degradation of the overall system’s quality of service. We identify scenarios where a selfish peer could attain significant benefits at the expense of compliant peers, and discuss the protocol characteristics that render these scenarios unlikely and hence lead to the system’s robustness. Copyright c © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social influence of larvae on ovarian maturation in primary and secondary reproductives of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis

Summary We tested the effect of larvae on the reproductive maturation and fecundity of female primary and secondary reproductives of the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis Hagen (Isoptera; Termopsidae) by varying the number of third- to fourth-instar larvae nesting with heterosexually paired reproductives. Primary females had higher fecundities and oviposited sooner when nesting with larvae than females lacking larvae, but gained less body mass and had fewer functional ovarioles per ovary. Secondary reproductives nesting with larvae also had higher fecundities and oviposited sooner, but unlike primaries, they gained more body mass and had more functional ovarioles when larvae were present. The specific response of both primary and secondary females varied according to the number of larvae present. These results suggest that larvae can enhance the fecundity of primary and secondary females. Larvae may increase the energetic reserves of reproductives by performing colony labour, reducing pathogen load and providing trophallactic secretions. Trophallaxis with larvae may significantly enhance endogenous nitrogen, which is a limiting nutrient for termites. Primary females, which normally need to produce a first brood quickly to initiate a new colony, may expend limited nutritional resources on oogenesis rather than producing additional ovarioles. Primaries may also store fewer energetic reserves for long-term brood care, and therefore gained less mass when larvae were present to attend to non-reproductive tasks. Secondary females may exhibit a greater positive response to larvae than primaries because they begin reproductive life with fewer stored resources and thus their development and fecundity are more dependent on assistance from larvae. Both primary and secondary reproductives may become more dependent on the contributions of larvae as their rate of egg production increases with subsequent bouts of oviposition.
Functions and Functional Domains of the GTPase Cdc42p

Cdc42p, a Rho family GTPase of the Ras superfamily, is a key regulator of cell polarity and morphogenesis in eukaryotes. Using 37 site-directed cdc42 mutants, we explored the functions and interactions of Cdc42p in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cytological and genetic analyses of these cdc42 mutants revealed novel and diverse phenotypes, showing that Cdc42p possesses at least two distinct essential functions and acts as a nodal point of cell polarity regulation in vivo. In addition, mapping the functional data for each cdc42 mutation onto a structural model of the protein revealed as functionally important a surface of Cdc42p that is distinct from the canonical protein-interacting domains (switch I, switch II, and the C terminus) identified previously in members of the Ras superfamily. This region overlaps with a region (α5-helix) recently predicted by structural models to be a specificity determinant for Cdc42p-protein interactions.
Recent temperature and precipitation increases in West Siberia and their association with the Arctic Oscillation

Surface air temperature and precipitation records for the years 1958-1999 from ten meteorological stations located throughout West Siberia are used to identify climatic trends and determine to what extent these trends are potentially attributable to the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Although recent changes in atmospheric variability are associated with broad Arctic climate change, West Siberia appears particularly susceptible to warming. Furthermore, unlike most of the Arctic, moisture transport in the region is highly variable. The records show that West Siberia is experiencing significant warming and notable increases in precipitation, likely driven, in part, by large-scale Arctic atmospheric variability. Because this region contains a large percentage of the world's peatlands and contributes a significant portion of the total terrestrial freshwater flux to the Arctic Ocean, these recent climatic trends may have globally significant repercussions. The most robust patterns found are strong and prevalent springtime warming, winter precipitation increases, and strong association of non-summer air temperatures with the AO. Warming rates for both spring (0.5-0.8 °C/decade) and annual (0.3-0.5°C/decade) records are statistically significant for nine often stations. On average, the AO is linearly congruent with 96% (winter), 19% (spring), 0% (summer), 67% (autumn) and 53% (annual) of the warming found in this study. Significant trends in precipitation occur most commonly during winter, when four of ten stations exhibit significant increases (4-13 %/decade). The AO may play a lesser role in precipitation variability and is linearly congruent with only 17% (winter), 13% (spring), 12% (summer), 1% (autumn) and 26% (annual) of precipitation trends.