cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Scheme of Supervisory Control System for Large-scale HVAC/HVDC Hybrid Power Grid Security

Several characteristics of a large-scale HVAC/HVDC hybrid power grid security issues are discussed,including the functions and correlations of the three lines of defense for security as well as the security control strategies for the power grid. By means of investigations on the process of some large-area blackouts and the simulation of the failures of the large-scale UHVAC/UHVDC hybrid power grid,the problems in the existing security defense system and the demands of large-scale UHVAC/UHVDC hybrid power grid for the new generation of the power grid security defense system are dealt with. Based on the above studies,a new scheme of supervisory control system for UHVAC/UHVDC hybrid power grid security is presented,which is a comprehensive smart security control system whose functions include normal state regulation and emergency control of the power grid.
Exploring Gender Differences in Predicting Physical Activity Among Elementary Aged Children: An Application of the Integrated Behavioral Model

Background: The integrated behavioral model (IBM) is a new and emerging theory in the field of health promotion and health education, and more applications are needed to test the usefulness of the model for research and practice. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to operationalize the IBM as it relates to physical activity (PA) among children and explore potential gender differences within the model. Methods: A convenience sample of 261 elementary children completed an instrument evaluating constructs of the IBM. Two rounds of step-wise multiple regression analysis determined how the core constructs of the IBM predicted intentions toward PA and how intentions and the parental environment predicted PA. Results: Perceived behavioral control, attitudes, and perceived norms significantly predicted intention toward PA for both boys (adjusted R2 = 0.704) and girls (adjusted R2 = 0.478). Intentions and parental environment also significantly predicted PA among boys (adjusted R2 = 0.178) and girls (adjusted ...
Efficiency modeling and analysis of a switched capacitor converter for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy storage system

A novel controller for a switched capacitor (SC) bidirectional DC/DC converter is proposed for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy storage systems, with simultaneous step-up and step-down output voltages. The novel control strategy enables simpler dynamics compared to a standard buck converter with input filter, good regulation capability, lower source current ripple, ease of control, and continuous input current waveform in both modes of operation (buck and boost modes). A detailed efficiency modeling and analysis is also presented to support the claims.
The solidification products of levitated Fe83B17 studied by high-energy x-ray diffraction

Detailed high-energy x-ray diffraction studies were performed to gain insight into the evolution of phase formation in undercooled Fe83B17 and the mechanism for the stabilization of face-centered cubic (fcc) Fe in the presence of Fe23B6. Fe83B17 solidifies directly into either the equilibrium Fe2B + Fe phases or the metastable Fe23B6 + Fe phases. When formed, the metastable Fe23B6 phase either rapidly transforms into the equilibrium Fe2B phase within the solidification plateau or can persist down to ambient temperature. Here, we detail these different solidification behaviors in a set of thermal cycles taken from one sample and demonstrate the absence of a direct correlation with cooling rate and thermal history. We show that the coherent growth of Fe23B6 and fcc Fe suppresses the allotropic transition from fcc Fe to bcc Fe. The temperature evolution of the phase fractions and lattice parameters is also presented.
Relational Mentoring of Doctoral Social Work Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

ABSTRACTThis article explores the distinctive mentoring experiences of social work doctoral students at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). With a philosophical emphasis on social justice, self-determination, racial identity and pride, and social integration, social work faculty at HBCUs mentor African American and other students in PhD programs for academic achievement and successful leadership in the professoriate. The mentoring experiences at HBCUs are underpinned by tenets from relational/cultural theory and the Black feminist theory of “other mothering.” Using Howard University as a case study, this article examines relational mentoring experiences of PhD students in preparation for the academy and for leadership in social work education and practice.
Alcohol Inhibits Organic Dust-Induced ICAM-1 Expression on Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Aims: Exposure to dusts/bioaerosols in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) results in inflammatory lung diseases in workers. Hog CAFOs dust extract (HDE) increases expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), neutrophil adhesion, and TNFα release in bronchial epithelial cells. Alcohol consumption is increasingly recognized to impair lung immunity. We hypothesized that alcohol impairs HDE-induced TNFα, ICAM-1 expression, and neutrophil adhesion by directly inhibiting TNFα converting enzyme (TACE) activity. Methods: Bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and primary human bronchial epithelial cells were pretreated with ethanol (EtOH) or TACE inhibitor. ICAM-1 surface expression; TNFα release; and TACE activity were analyzed following HDE stimulation. The effect of alcohol and TACE inhibition on HDE-regulated epithelial cell/neutrophil adhesion interactions was investigated. Finally; utilizing an established animal model; C57BL/6 mice were fed ad libitum ethanol (20%) in drinking water for 8 weeks followed by daily intranasal inhalation of HDE or saline during the final two weeks. Mice were sacrificed and lung sections immunostained for ICAM-1. Results: Pretreatment with alcohol or TACE inhibitor significantly decreased HDE-induced ICAM-1 expression and TNFα release. HDE augmented neutrophil adhesion to epithelial cells, which was decreased with alcohol (32% decrease) or TACE inhibitor (55% decrease) pretreatment. TACE activity increased following HDE exposure, but TACE activity was inhibited following alcohol pretreatment. Alcohol-fed mice demonstrated decreased HDE-induced airway epithelium ICAM-1 expression. Conclusions: Alcohol diminishes HDE-induced ICAM-1 expression, TNFα release, and neutrophil adhesion via inhibition of TACE activity. These results suggest that alcohol may be an important modulator of lung innate immune responses following CAFO exposure.
Beyond Orphanhood: Parental Nonresidence and Child Well-being in Tanzania.

This article used data from the Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Tanzania to examine the influence of parental nonresidence on child survival and school entry. Using survival analysis methods, the article tested variations by parent and by cause, examining parental death, nonresidence because of parental relationship status, and migration. In general, maternal nonresidence was more consequential for child survival, whereas paternal nonresidence influences school entry. This is consistent with gendered parenting patterns in the setting. There was important variation by cause and by outcome, particularly for paternal nonresidence. Paternal nonresidence because of nonmarital birth was associated with increased risk of child death, whereas paternal migration was associated with improved survival. Paternal death and migration were associated with lower odds of school entry. This article moves beyond orphanhood to consider multiple causes of parental nonresidence simultaneously, demonstrating that parental nonresidence is not uniformly deleterious for children.
Precocious life course transitions, exits from, and returns to the parental home

Abstract Residential independence has long been considered a core feature of the transition to adulthood in contemporary American society. But in recent years a growing share of young adults are living in their parents’ household, and many of these have returned home after a spell of residential independence. Recent research on exits and returns to the parental home has focused on the role of concurrent life-course transitions, young adult social and economic status, family background, and family connectivity. We know little, however, about how precocious, or early, life course transitions during adolescence affect leaving or returning home. We use longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997 Cohort) to examine the association between precocious transitions to adult roles during adolescence and home-leaving (n = 8865) and home-returning (n = 7704) in the United States. Some, but not all, precocious transitions are tied to residential transitions, and often in competing ways. Our findings contribute to growing research on young adults living in the parental home, and shows how adolescent experiences can contribute to inequality in the transition to adulthood.
PP2A-Rts1 enforces a proportional relationship between cell size and growth rate

Cell size is proportional to growth rate. Thus, cells growing slowly in poor nutrients can be nearly half the size of cells growing rapidly in rich nutrients. The relationship between cell size and growth rate appears to hold across all orders of life, yet the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In budding yeast, most growth occurs during mitosis, and the proportional relationship between cell size and growth rate is therefore enforced primarily by modulating growth in mitosis. When growth is slow, the duration of mitosis is increased to allow more time for growth, yet the amount of growth required to complete mitosis is reduced, leading to birth of small daughter cells. Previous studies found that PP2A associated with the Rts1 regulatory subunit (PP2ARts1) works in a TORC2-dependent feedback loop that sets cell size and growth rate to match nutrient availability. However, it was unknown whether PP2ARts1 influences growth in mitosis. Here, we show that PP2ARts1 is required for the proportional relationship between cell size and growth rate during mitosis. Moreover, nutrients and PP2ARts1 influence the duration of mitosis, and thus the extent of growth in mitosis, via Wee1 and Pds1/securin, two conserved regulators of mitotic progression. Together, the data suggest a model in which the same global signals that set growth rate also set the critical amount of growth required for cell cycle progression, which would provide a simple mechanistic explanation for the proportional relationship between size and growth rate.
Simultaneous localization of multiple jammers and receivers using probability hypothesis density

Now-a-days, the availability of low-cost jammers in the commercial market is increasing. Due to this, there has been a rising risk of multiple jammers, not just one. However, it is challenging to locate multiple jammers because the traditional way of jammer localization via multilateration only works for one jammer. In addition, during attack the positioning capability of the receivers is compromised due to their inability to track the GPS signals. We propose our Simultaneous Localization of Multiple Jammers and Receivers (SLMR) algorithm by utilizing the signal power received at a network of receivers. Our algorithm not only locates multiple jammers, but also utilizes the jammers as additional navigation signals for positioning the receivers. In particular, we design a non-linear Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density Filter over a graphical framework, which is optimized using Levenberg-Marquardt minimizer. Under the presence of multiple simulated jammers, we validate that our proposed SLMR algorithm is able to simultaneously locate multiple jammers and receivers, even though the number of jammers is unknown.
Polar Magnetic Substorm

In Chapter 2, it was shown that the auroral substorm is associated with a particular type of geomagnetic disturbance, called the polar magnetic substorm. We have also examined the characteristics of magnetic disturbances associated with the major features of auroral displays in Sections 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4.
Observation Unit Admission Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Emergency department (ED) observation units (OUs) represent an emerging cost-effective treatment option for low-risk acute heart failure (AHF) patients. After initial evaluation and treatment in the ED, AHF patients can be discharged, admitted to the hospital, or undergo further management as observation patients. Observation status is independent of the actual location of care delivery and can therefore occur in beds anywhere in a hospital or in dedicated OUs. Likewise, this short-stay population can be managed by inpatient specialists, hospitalists, or emergency providers. Observation is fundamentally a billing status defined by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as care spanning typically less than 24 h but no more than 48 h. As such, the objective ED evaluation in conjunction with provider intuition, response to treatment, and assessment of self-care barriers represents an important factor in risk stratification for AHF patients and subsequent inclusion or exclusion from an OU stay.
A Comparative Study in Eutrophication

Linsley Pond, a small body of water, 14 m deep located in North Branford, Connecticut, has been the subject of investigation for some 30 years. Over the past years, like many lakes, it has suffered from steadily increasing pollution. During the year August, 1965, through August, 1966, the entire water column of 14 m was sampled weekly and temperature and oxygen data were simultaneously monitored, with the idea in mind of making as complete a geochemical study as possible of all detectable elements in the water and how they move in a thermally stratified lake.
Uncertainty analysis of dielectric elastomer membranes under electromechanical loading

The uncertainty in modeling finite deformation membrane electromechanics is analyzed by comparing low and high fidelity models against data on the dielectric elastomer VHB 4910. Both models include electrically and mechanically induced stress during transverse deformation of the membranes. The low fidelity model approximates deformation to be homogeneous while the high fidelity model includes a more accurate kinematic assumption of inhomogeneous deformation. We illustrate the importance of model fidelity with regards to parameter uncertainty and the associated propagation of errors in predicting membrane forces and charges in realistic actuator configurations. Both the low and high fidelity models are shown to accurately predict membrane forces and charges under different applied displacements and voltages. However, there are significant differences in the estimation of the dielectric constant used to model the membrane electromechanics. Bayesian statistics are used to quantify the uncertainty of the modeling approaches in light of both force–displacement and charge–voltage measurements. We quantify the hyperelastic, electromechanical coupling, and dielectric model uncertainties self-consistently using all mechanical and electrical experiments conducted on the 3M elastomer VHB 4910. We conclude that the low fidelity model is useful for system dynamic and control applications yet is limited in self-consistent predictions of both forces and charges from applied displacements and voltages. In comparison, the high fidelity model provides a more accurate description of the electromechanical coupling and dielectric constitutive behavior, but requires more computational power due to finite element discretization. In addition, the high fidelity modeling illustrates that a deformation dependent dielectric constant is necessary to self-consistently simulate both force–displacement and charge–voltage data.
A Myogenic Double-Reporter Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Line Allows Prospective Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Progenitors

Summary Myogenic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been done by gene overexpression or directed differentiation. However, viral integration, long-term culture, and the presence of unwanted cells are the main obstacles. By using CRISPR/Cas9n, a double-reporter human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line was generated for PAX7/MYF5, allowing prospective readout. This strategy allowed pathway screen to define efficient myogenic induction in hPSCs. Next, surface marker screen allowed identification of CD10 and CD24 for purification of myogenic progenitors and exclusion of non-myogenic cells. CD10 expression was also identified on human satellite cells and skeletal muscle progenitors. In vitro and in vivo studies using transgene and/or reporter-free hPSCs further validated myogenic potential of the cells by formation of new fibers expressing human dystrophin as well as donor-derived satellite cells in NSG-mdx4Cv mice. This study provides biological insights for myogenic differentiation of hPSCs using a double-reporter cell resource and defines an improved myogenic differentiation and purification strategy.
Women Leaders and Gender Stereotyping in the UK Press: A Poststructuralist Approach by Judith Baxter

Women Leaders and Gender Stereotyping in the UK Press: A Poststructuralist Approach by Judith Baxter (2018), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 157pp.
Haack on Legal Proof (La Pruebra Legal Segun Haack)

In this paper, I discuss and agree with Susan Haack’s illuminating discussion and constructive critique of the current confusion regarding required evidence and the related standards of proof in the law, focusing especially on mathematical probability rather than warranted belief interpretations of those standards. However, I question Haack’s claim that statistical evidence is relevant not only for establishing the existence of a causal process but also, although usually insufficient by itself, for proving actual causation in a specific case.
The Influence of Hydrogen on the Infrared Spectrum of N2 Chemisorbed on the Ni(110) Surface

The N2/Ni (110) system has been extensively studied with a wide variety of experimental techniques. Grunze, et al., [1] have written a comprehensive review of studies of N2 on Ni(110) through 1985. We have recently studied the N-N stretching vibration of N2 on the clean Ni(110) surface with the technique of Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRAS) [2]. At a saturation coverage of 0.72 monolayer (ML) the IR spectrum consists of an intense band at 2194 cm−1, a weak shoulder at 2204 cm−1 and a still weaker peak at 2220 cm−1. Although the high coverage N2 spectrum was very reproducible, the low intensity of the additional high-frequency bands suggests that they may not be characteristic of the ideal high coverage N2 overlayer but are due rather to some imperfection. A major concern in any surface study is the role of background contamination from the residual gas in the vacuum system. As hydrogen is the major constituent of the residual gas in most stainless steel ultrahigh vacuum systems, including ours, we conducted the experiments reported here to specifically determine the influence of hydrogen on our N2/Ni(110) IR spectra.
FORMATION OF ALKYLATION AND CARBAMYLATION INTERMEDIATES AND CYTOCHROME P-450 CATALYZED MONOOXYGENATION OF THE 2-CHLOROETHYLNITROSOUREAS CCNU AND METHYL CCNU

ABSTRACT Carcinostatic 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-alkyl-1-nitrosoureas degrade to alkylating and carbamylating intermediates. Pharmacokinetic studies with these drugs have shown a complex pattern of metabolites that form within two min after drug administration to rats. CCNU + half life is estimated to be less than five min in phenobarbital-induced rats. Monooxygenation of the cyclohexyl ring of CCNU occurred within two min and monohydroxylated CCNU metabolites were observed in all tissues examined. Covalent labeling was determined. Additional metabolites were observed that may result from nitroso group reduction. Spectral evidence for the participation of cytochrome P-450 in nitroso group reduction during the incubation of CCNU with microsomes and NADPH is presented. The consequence of metabolism of CCNU and Methyl CCNU prior to formation of alkylating and carbamylating intermediates is discussed.
Structural and spectroscopic characterization of HCP2.

Abstract The Helical Carotenoid Proteins (HCPs) are a large group of newly identified carotenoid-binding proteins found in ecophysiologically diverse cyanobacteria. They likely evolved before becoming the effector (quenching) domain of the modular Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP). The number of discrete HCP families—at least nine—suggests they are involved in multiple distinct functions. Here we report the 1.7 A crystal structure of HCP2, one of the most widespread HCPs found in nature, from the chromatically acclimating cyanobacterium Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7601. By purifying HCP2 from the native source we are able to identify its natively-bound carotenoid, which is exclusively canthaxanthin. In solution, HCP2 is a monomer with an absorbance maximum of 530 nm. However, the HCP2 crystals have a maximum absorbance at 548 nm, which is accounted by the stacking of the β1 rings of the carotenoid in the two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Our results demonstrate how HCPs provide a valuable system to study carotenoid-protein interactions and their spectroscopic implications, and contribute to efforts to understand the functional roles of this large, newly discovered family of pigment proteins, which to-date remain enigmatic.
Engaging Participative Communities in Cultural Heritage: Using Digital Storytelling in Sicily (Italy)

The paper describes the project #iziTRAVELSicilia which is using digital storytelling for engaging heritage communities. The objective of the project was to bridge the Sicilian gap in cultural heri...
6.6kW Three-Phase Interleaved Totem Pole PFC Design with 98.9% Peak Efficiency for HEV/EV Onboard Charger

This paper presents the design and performance of a 6.6kW, three-phase interleaved, high density Totem Pole (TTPL) Power Factor Correction (PFC) based on SiC MOSFETs. The converter is operated at 100 kHz and in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). Key design features, components selection, and control scheme are discussed in detail. The digital controller enables phase shedding and adaptive dead-time control to improve the efficiency and power factor at light load. The SiC isolated gate driver is designed to have 4 A peak and 6A sink current and contains the two-level turn-off circuit for short-circuit protection. Experimental results from the 6.6kW design show that very high peak efficiency of 98.9%, and less than 2% THD are achieved at high line (240 V) AC input with 400 V DC output.
Ischemic and bleeding outcomes of triple therapy in patients on chronic anticoagulation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis of randomized trials.

BackgroundTriple therapy (TT) that includes oral anticoagulation and dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended in patients who are on chronic anticoagulation and undergo percutaneous coronary interv...
Neurobehavioral assessment of force feedback simulation in industrial robotic teleoperation

Abstract Telerobotic operation, i.e., a human operator to manipulate remote robotic systems at a distance, has started to gain its popularity in the construction industry. It is expected to help tackle operational challenges in dynamic construction workplaces. The success of telerobotic operation builds on the effective design of the human-robot interface to provide human operators with necessary senses about the remote workplaces, involving multimodal sensory cues, such as visual, audio and haptic feedback. Especially the force feedback design in telerobotic control interface is of central interest and is becoming the main feature of the bilateral control system for teleoperation, as it helps provide feedback about heavy physical interactions and processes in typical construction operations. Nonetheless, how force feedback simulation solutions affect the human operator's perceptional and behavioral reactions is less understood. This paper investigates the neurobehavioral performance of operators with a bilateral control system in a typical industrial valve operation experiment (n = 21). The experiment tested two force feedback conditions: Realistic (the system replicates the exact same feeling of the torque in valve manipulation operations) and Mediated (the simulation reduces the force on the human operator end by 50% to enable more flexible controls). The performance of the participants was evaluated via various metrics, including task performance, human performance and operational velocity uniformity. Data was collected with eye-tracking, neuroimaging (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS), motion analysis, and NASA TLX surveys. The results indicated that the mediated force feedback in bilateral telerobotic operation helped more accurate operation, increased dual tasking, reduced cognitive load and more efficient neural functions; yet it encouraged participants to engage in more irregular actions, showing as dramatic changes in valve rotating speeds. The findings suggest that the force feedback design of telerobotic systems should be more carefully thought through to balance the advantages and disadvantages.
Soft Tissue Tumors

The world of soft tissue pathology is ever changing, and many of the lesions encountered have characteristic gene fusions or mutations that can be assessed for both diagnostic and in some cases prognostic purposes. This chapter will discuss the role of molecular testing in round cell sarcomas as well as the more commonly tested adipocytic, vascular, skeletal muscle, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic neoplasms, and tumors of uncertain differentiation. A discussion of the role of various testing methods (e.g. FISH, NGS) will be discussed as well as any potential pitfalls or limitations. This discussion will be done in a question and answer format followed by a case-based presentation to reinforce some of the concepts.
Probabilistic Design for Random Fatigue Loads

Stationary random (or stochastic) processes have been used as a statistical model for loading due to earthquakes, wind, ocean wave forces, and vehicle environments and motions. Given that the dynamic forces on an element are a random process, the designer is required to specify the size of the element such that it will maintain its structural integrity with specified probability and at the same time provide a minimum-cost, minimum-weight component. An algorithm for the design of a single element (such as tensile member, rivet, bolt, weld, etc.) subjected to a stationary zero-mean random stress is presented. Fatigue was considered to be the mode of failure. A fatigue model is developed which includes the possibility that the stress process can be either narrow- or wide-band. The design algorithm considers variability in the material properties and the geometry of the element as well as uncertainty in the RMS level of the applied stress.
Optimal Quantum Measurements for Two Pure and Mixed States

An explicit formula is obtained for the entropy defect and the (maximum) information for an ensemble of two pure quantum states; an optimal basis is found, that is, an optimal measurement procedure which enables one to obtain the maximum information. Some results are also presented for the case of two mixed states, described by second-order density matrices (for example, spin polarization matrices). It is shown that in the case of two states the optimal measurement is a direct von Neumann measurement performed in the subspace of the two states.
Oral contraceptives--a continuing reappraisal.

Recent studies have associated the rare thromboembolic complications with the estrogen content of the Pill and the age of the user. Contraceptive polyp and postcontraceptive amenorrhea must be differentiated from tumors. Adverse metabolic effects may occur in individuals with an underlying defect of hepatic, triglyceride or porphyrin metabolism. Use of the Pill is neither associated with an increased incidence of monilial vaginitis nor followed by a period of “rebound hyperfertility.”
Maintenance of Triconnected Components of Graphs (Extended Abstract)

In this paper, optimal algorithms and data structures are presented to maintain the triconnected components of a general graph, under insertions of edges in the graph. At any moment, the data structure can answer the following type of query: given two nodes in the graph, are these nodes triconnected. Starting from an “empty” graph of n nodes (i.e., a graph with no edges) the solution runs in O(n + m.α(m, n)) total time, where m is the total number of queries and edge insertions. The solution allows for insertions of nodes also.
Exact bit-error rate analysis of multirate DS-CDMA schemes

The exact error probability of multirate schemes in DS-CDMA is computed. In particular, the performance of variable spreading-gain and multi-code transmission methods in both additive Gaussian noise and multipath fading channel models is studied. Conventional matched filtering and a diversity combining RAKE receiver are used at the receiver. Based on our results, we deduce conditions in which the bit-error rate (BER) measurement based on the classical Gaussian approximation is valid. We show that both transmission schemes are comparable under various channel models and signal-to-noise ratio levels.
l-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases III. STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-LINKED l-GLYCEROL 3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE IN VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE RAT AND RABBIT

Abstract NAD-linked glycerol-3-P dehydrogenase which was proved to be pure with disc gel electrophoresis was isolated from rat liver, rat skeletal muscle, and rabbit liver. Plasma containing anti-dehydrogenase antibodies was obtained from the rat and rabbit that had been immunized with the dehydrogenase from the liver and skeletal muscle of the rabbits and rats, respectively. γ-Globulin fraction was separated from plasma of the immunized and control animals by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. γ-Globulin containing anti-dehydrogenase antibodies in an excess amount completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of the corresponding purified dehydrogenase, and the inhibition was not very significantly pH-dependent in the range from 6.0 to 10.5. The precipitin reaction in each case is one of the monospecific system, and mole ratio of anti-dehydrogenase antibody to the corresponding pure dehydrogenase preparation was estimated to be approximately 2 at the point of maximum precipitation. Antibodies against the pure hepatic and skeletal muscle dehydrogenase of the rat and rabbit cross-reacted with the dehydrogenase in the cytosolic fraction from liver, kidney, spleen, brain, skeletal muscle, diaphragm, lung, and heart of these two species. An excess amount of antibodies almost totally inhibited the dehydrogenase activity in the cytosolic fraction from various tissues of the rat and rabbit, but failed to inhibit totally the dehydrogenase activity from rat and rabbit heart. The heart tissue of the rat and rabbit was found to contain an appreciable amount of another glycerol-3-P dehydrogenase activity which did not cross-react with antibodies against the purified liver and skeletal muscle dehydrogenase. Antibody against this second type of the dehydrogenase in the rat and rabbit heart showed no cross-reaction with the purified liver and skeletal muscle dehydrogenase of the rat and rabbit, but specifically inhibited the activity of the corresponding dehydrogenase completely. This immunologically distinct dehydrogenase was also found in the cytosolic fraction from rat and rabbit liver in very small amounts.
Pronounced cellular diversity and extrasynaptic location of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit immunoreactivities in the chicken pretectum

The diversity of nicotinic ACh receptor (AChR) expression in the chick lateral spiriform nucleus (SpL) was assessed using subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The late embryonic SpL was immunoreactive for mAbs against the alpha 2, alpha 5, alpha 7, alpha 8, and beta 2 AChR subunits. Distinct neuronal cell classes were determined using pair-wise staining of mAbs. Approximately 90% of the neurons in the SpL contained both alpha 5-like immunoreactivity (LI) and beta 2-LI, with no neurons having only one of these subunit-LIs. Approximately 70% of the neurons contained alpha 2-LI. All alpha 2-LI neurons contained alpha 5/beta 2-LI; thus, neurons having alpha 2-LI are a subset of those having alpha 5- and beta 2-LI. Fewer neurons, approximately 20%, contained alpha 7-LI. A subset of alpha 7-positive neurons were immunoreactive for other subunits; for example, some alpha 7-positive neurons also contained alpha 2-LI. Fewer than 15% of the neurons contained alpha 8-LI. Some of the alpha 8-LI-containing neurons contained alpha 7-LI. The 14 week post-hatch SpL resembles the late embryonic nucleus in the percentage of neurons immunoreactive for alpha 2, alpha 5, alpha 7, alpha 8, and beta 2 AChR subunits, and in the presence of multiple classes based on AChR subunit immunoreactivity. In addition, alpha 4-LI was found in about 20% of the 14 week SpL neurons. Double-label immunofluorescence experiments with mAbs to AChRs and to synaptic vesicle antigens showed that most clusters of alpha 5-LI and beta 2-LI are extrasynaptic. The pronounced diversity of AChR subunit expression and the extrasynaptic location of AChR-LI suggest that AChR-like molecules in the SpL do not function solely to respond to transmitter focally released from presynaptic terminals.
Synchronized parallel computation and slowdown of translators

The underlying parallel computers are assumed to be MIMD machines [Ku] with m≥1 synchronized and independent homogeneous processors [Ba], and parallel program schemes for them are introduced and studied. In section 1 usual (serial) program schemes and their function equivalence are introduced. In section 2 parallel program schemes are introduced as extensions of [Ma] and the main theorem is proved that each parallel program scheme can be translated into an m-parallel one where m≥1 is prescribed. In section 3 variable-free permit schemes without tests [Cu5] are introduced, and in section 4 their addressings are admitted. The functionality of permit schemes is investigated expecially for non-terminating processes (controlled by "semaphors" [Di], [LS]). In section 5 the parallel defect and the slowdown of a translator are introduced in all generality for arbitrary time unbounded program schemes.
Nucleotide uptake and metabolism by intestinal epithelial cells

The epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract are the first to encounter ingested nucleotides. Enterocytes metabolize or transport nucleotides (often partially metabolized) to other cell types. Nucleotides may also affect enterocyte gene expression. These interactions in intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells) are described. Nucleotides and nucleosides are efficiently taken up by neoplastic cells (Caco-2) and substantially metabolized during absorption by epithelial monolayers. In nonmalignant cells (IEC-6), nucleotide pools are smaller than enterocytes of neoplastic origin (Caco-2). Consequently, cell proliferation in IEC-6 cells is more dependent on an external supply of nucleotides. Cell differentiation was examined by measuring brush border enzyme activities (sucrase, lactase and alkaline phosphatase). Nucleotides enhanced the expression of brush border enzymes in carcinoma cells only when stressed by glutamine deprivation. IEC-6 cells, which are poorly differentiated in optimal media, require basement membrane (Matrigel) for expression of brush border enzymes. Under these conditions, adding nucleotides to the culture medium enhanced enzyme activity. In addition to being substrates for intestinal absorption, nucleotides may affect enterocyte differentiation.
Relationship between body composition and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women (391.8)

Menopause is associated with age-related increases in blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness and has also been linked to increased fat mass (FM), decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and conten...
Development of a novel quantitative assay for the measurement of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) mRNA

Most host cells transfected with chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) expressing plasmids display relatively low levels of constitutive CAT activity. While this is ideal to study factors that enhance gene transcription, decreases in CAT levels are difficult to quantitate, using conventional CAT assays. Thus, investigators have used cell activating agents or co-transfection of the cell lines with a second enhancer plasmid to yield higher levels of CAT activity. However, such measures can interfere with the cellular pathways studied and eventually alter the results. To avoid this problem, our laboratory has designed an RT-PCR assay to quantitate CAT mRNA. The ability of this assay to detect CAT mRNA but not CAT DNA demonstrates its specificity and is achieved using a tailed oligoprimer for the reverse transcription step. This assay is able to measure the equivalent of as few as eight copies of CAT mRNA, is reproducible and relatively easy to perform. The quantitative capability of the assay relies on a constant production of CAT mRNA, which is achieved using permanently transfected and cloned cell lines bearing a defined number of CAT DNA copies per cell. This assay provides a tool for monitoring events at the transcriptional level and thereby complements the currently used CAT ELISA and thin-layer chromatography assays.
Signals That Release Growth Factors From Renal Epithelial Cells

Monkey kidney epithelial cells of the nontransformed BSC-1 line have been used as a model system to investigate growth control. Renal growth in K depletion nephropathy was studied in culture by reducing the K concentration of the medium, which accelerated cell proliferation. This response appeared to be mediated by release of a growth-promoting activity that has an apparent molecular weight of 12,000 to 30,000. Growth stimulation was also observed when the Na concentration of the medium was reduced and was associated with the appearance of two growth-promoting factors (apparent molecular weight, 6,200 and 9,000) that exhibited cell-type specificity. Thus, modest reductions in the extracellular concentration of K or Na result in rapid appearance of autocrine factors that could modulate cell function along the nephron. The most powerful mitogen for BSC-1 cells is adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This nucleotide stimulates expression of several cell cycle-specific genes and proto-oncogenes, and induces secretion of a platelet-derived growth factor-like protein that is not mitogenic for BSC-1 cells. Release of this growth factor by renal epithelial cells in vivo would represent a paracrine mechanism to initiate proliferation of neighboring stromal or vascular cells.
Characterization of a maternal–fetal HIV transmission model using pregnant macaques infected with HIV‐2287

To study mechanisms involved in mother-to-fetus transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in utero, we have developed a chronically catheterized pregnant macaque model that permits simultaneous and sequential determination of virus in maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid during pregnancy. In this report, we have characterized this model using three groups of pregnant macaques designed to sample: (1) maternal blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid (n = 6); (2) maternal blood and amniotic fluid (n = 6); or (3) maternal blood only (n = 2). After inoculation with the highly pathogenic HIV-2(287), all pregnant macaques developed brief but intense viremias followed by precipitous CD4+ T-cell declines within 2-3 weeks. While all the infants born to dams of the three groups were HIV positive, the degree of infection and outcome of HIV infection varied. All infants were shown to be HIV-RNA-positive by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, HIV-infected cells were detected only in the blood of those born to dams enrolled in groups 1 and 2: most of these infants progressed to CD4+ T-cell depletion. The infants in group 3 exhibited HIV-RNA in plasma, although neither HIV-infected cells nor CD4+ T-cell depletion was detectable. However, all infants developed HIV-2-specific antibody at various levels by 2 months of age. Together, the data suggest that, while the degree of instrumentation may modulate intensity of virus transmission to fetus, the highly pathogenic HIV-2(287) exhibited a high frequency of virus transmission from the mother to fetus.
Synthesis, structure, and bonding of stable complexes of pentavalent uranyl.

Stable complexes of pentavalent uranyl [UO2(salan-tBu2)(py)K]n (3), [UO2(salan-tBu2)(py)K(18C6)] (4), and [UO2(salophen-tBu2)(thf)]K(thf)2}n (8) have been synthesized from the reaction of the complex {[UO2py5][KI2py2]}n (1) with the bulky amine-phenolate ligand potassium salt K2(salan-tBu2) or the Schiff base ligand potassium salt K2(salophen-tBu2) in pyridine. They were characterized by NMR, IR, elemental analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV−vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, low-temperature EPR, and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility. X-ray diffraction shows that 3 and 8 are polymeric and 4 is monomeric. Crystals of the monomeric complex [UVO2(salan-tBu2)(py)][Cp*2Co], 6, were also isolated from the reduction of [UVIO2(salan-tBu2)(py)], 5, with Cp*2Co. Addition of crown ether to 1 afforded the highly soluble pyridine stable species [UO2py5]I·py (2). The measured redox potentials E1/2 (UVI/UV) are significantly different for 2 (−0.91 and −0.46 V) in comparison with 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9...
Continuum electron capture dependence on projectileZ and velocity

Continuum electrons centered in velocity about that of the projectile and ejected near zero degrees in the laboratory frame have been observed for collisions of highly stripped Cq+ and Oq+ ions incident on Argon. For fully stripped projectile ions, the Z dependence and the velocity dependence of the continuum capture cross section have been determined for beam energies of 1.6 to 2.8 MeV/amu. Striking disagreements are noted between some results of this work and present theoretical predictions.
A V2V communication system with enhanced multiplicity gain

Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication has gained renewed interest among research community which is further signified by the allocation of dedicated spectrum and an IEEE standard for their usage in recent years. However, 802.11p, the current IEEE standard for vehicular communications, has a relatively low multiplicity (the number of links that it can simultaneously support). In this work, we propose a new vehicular communication scheme based on sectored antennas in order to improve the multiplicity performance. We first show that a sectored antenna based vehicular communication system has higher multiplicity than 802.11p. To further enable multiple transmit sectors to communicate with a receive node simultaneously in a single receive sector, using an OFDMA system design, we propose a new sector-specific pilot design and corresponding channel estimation over time and frequency domains of the channels corresponding to various sectors. Finally, the performance characteristics of the proposed scheme are shown through simulations.
Proximate nutritive value changes during decomposition of salt marsh plants

Recognition of salt marsh plant detritus as a nutritious source of food for estuarine consumers prompted investigation of in situ decomposition and proximate nutritive values of three plants and their detritus namely: Spartina cynosuroides and Distichlis spicata (Gramineae) and Scirpus americanus (Cyperaceae) growing abundantly in Mississippi tidal marshes. During decomposition to particulate detritus, these plants retain 60–70% organic content and the caloric value either remains the same or increases slightly. Crude fiber, carbohydrate, and fat contents decline but protein shows 96–300% increase from dead plants to particulate detritus stage.
Variability in the Effectiveness of a Video Modeling Intervention Package for Children with Autism.

Video modeling is an evidence-based instructional strategy for teaching a variety of skills to individuals with autism. Despite the effectiveness of this strategy, there is some uncertainty regardi...
‘Referring or linking to’ liability: does the Digital Millennium Copyright Act really mean what it says?

In Flava Works, Inc. v. Gunter, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the district court's injunction against the defendant's website www.myVidster.com (‘myVidster’).1 The district court gra...
The reaction of p-Tolyl isoselenocyanate with primary and secondary amines: A multinuclear magnetic resonance study

Abstract Isoselenocyanates are known to react with primary and secondary amines to produce the corresponding selenoureas. p -Tolyl isoselenocyanate was prepared and its reaction with various primary and secondary amines was investigated. The resulting selenoureas were characterized by multinuclear ( 13 C and 77 Se) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Since these selenoureas possess a CSe bond, the 77 Se chemical shifts display a high sensitivity to the chemical and electronic environment of the nucleus and a large range for relatively minor changes in chemical structure. The rationale for the choice of p -tolyl isoselenocyanate is that it clearly resembles, in both structure and reactivity, the corresponding, well-studied, phenyl isothiocyanate (Edman's reagent), which has widespread applicability in the sequencing of amino acid residues in polypeptides and proteins.
Withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of transdermal scopolamine therapy: treatment with meclizine

Purpose. The case of a patient who treated withdrawal symptoms from trans-dermal scopolamine with meclizine is reported. Summary. A 30-year-old woman for whom transdermal scopolamine was prescribed to manage motion sickness during a vacation experienced severe withdrawal symptoms that began 24 hours after patch removal and lasted for several days. Other medications included an oral contraceptive and as-needed zolmitriptan for migraines. She used the scopolamine patches as prescribed, applying one patch behind the ear every 3 days. After 10 consecutive days of wearing the patch and experiencing no motion sickness, she began to develop dry mouth and uncomfortable, dry eyes, which prompted her to remove the patch. After 24 hours without the patch, she developed severe nausea that did not subside during a car ride. Due to the intractable nausea, she applied a new patch, which she wore for 3 consecutive days without recurrence of the nausea. Upon returning from the trip, she removed the last patch. Twelve hours after the last patch was removed, nausea recurred but was not related to motion. She felt better while lying down, but felt nauseated when standing or walking. After 3 days of this nausea, she began taking nonprescription meclizine 25 mg orally every 12 hours. The nausea subsided after two doses, and she was able to resume her normal activities. The nausea did not recur after discontinuation of the meclizine. She had used transdermal scopolamine eight years prior without any withdrawal symptoms. Conclusion. Withdrawal symptoms experienced after removal of a transdermal scopolamine patch were successfully treated with oral meclizine.
Modal Analysis and Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Linear Rolling Guide

The finite element model of the liner rolling guide of the CNC machine tool is established. Then the natural frequencies and the corresponding vibration modes of the liner rolling guide (LRG) are obtained by analyzing the finite element model (FEM) of the linear rolling guide in two different boundary conditions. By comparing the modal characters of the two states it is proved that the movable joint and bolted interfaces of the rail have certain effects on the dynamic performance of linear rolling guide. Besides, the liner rolling guide also have been tested dynamically, obtaining the modal parameters of the rail guide; finally, the validity of finite element model and the effect of boundary conditions on the interface of the linear rolling guide are verified by comparing the finite element analysis of frequency and experimental analysis of frequency