cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of esophageal eosinophilia in a toddler with severe eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathologic disease characterised by esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. Diagnosing EoE in children is particularly challenging as they tend to present with nonspecific symptoms and their mucosal specimens may have less than the threshold number of eosinophils. Reluctance to subject children to multiple endoscopic procedures and anesthesia often results in treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) first to evaluate clinical response. This approach presents a problem as a diagnosis of EoE may be missed. Here we present a case of a child with severe EoE whose initial biopsy did not show esophageal eosinophilia but progressed on to advance dis ease despite clinical response to PPI therapy.
A 56-Year-Old Man With Visual Changes and Arthralgias.

A 56-year-old white man presented with several months of visual changes and diffuse myalgias. He reported difficulty seeing out of the lower portion of his left eye for several months, which he described as “cigarette smoke clouding [his] vision.” He also reported mild discomfort with movement of the affected eye. He attributed the visual loss to potential injury during his work as a welder. In addition, he complained of several months of diffuse body pain and stiffness and generalized malaise. The pain and stiffness were worse in his shoulders and hips and were worse in the morning, with improvement by the middle of the day. On some days, these symptoms were so severe that he was unable to go to work. He also noted a vague bitemporal headache, worse on the left than the right. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
5.14 – Neuroendocrine Regulation of Puberty

Steroid hormone secretions during the transition between the juvenile and pubertal period direct the acquisition of secondary sex characteristics and modify brain circuitries to mediate the transition to adult behavioral phenotypes. The neural mechanisms that prompt the pubertal activation of pulsatile GnRH release, and hence the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, remain the subject of intense study. Species differences exist in the physiological juvenile restraint mechanism, with gonadal feedback-dependent mechanisms predominating in rodents and a steroid hormone-independent central brake operating in primates. Recent work has clarified the roles of kisspeptin and neurokinin B neurons in the regulation of the pubertal increase in GnRH release, and the somatic and environmental factors that may in turn alter their activity and hence, the timing of puberty. Future work remains to elucidate the mechanism governing central inhibition prior to puberty onset, and to understand the similarities and differences between mechanisms that operate in different species.
Fluid overload independent of acute kidney injury predicts poor outcomes in neonates following congenital heart surgery

Fluid overload (FO) is common after neonatal congenital heart surgery and may contribute to mortality and morbidity. It is unclear if the effects of FO are independent of acute kidney injury (AKI). This was a retrospective cohort study which examined neonates (age 10%), and 25 (21%) developed AKI ≥ Stage 2. When analyzed as FO cohorts ( 20% FO), patients with greater FO were more likely to have AKI (9.8 vs. 18.2 vs. 52.4%, respectively, with AKI ≥ stage 2; p = 0.013) and a higher vasoactive-inotrope score, and be premature. In the multivariable regression analyses of patients without AKI, FO was independently associated with hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay [0.322 extra days (p = 0.029) and 0.468 extra days (p < 0.001), respectively, per 1% FO increase). In all patients, FO was also associated with mortality [odds ratio 1.058 (5.8% greater odds of mortality per 1% FO increase); 95% confidence interval 1.008,1.125;p = 0.032]. Fluid overload is an important independent contributor to outcomes in neonates following congenital heart surgery. Careful fluid management after cardiac surgery in neonates with and without AKI is warranted.
Use of over-the-counter analgesics in patients with chronic liver disease: physicians' recommendations.

Background: Over-the-counter analgesics (OTCAs), principally paracetamol (acetaminophen)-containing compounds and NSAIDs, are commonly used medications. Guidelines for the use of these agents in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are not available, despite the possibility that such patients may be more susceptible to the effects of an adverse reaction. Notwithstanding the lack of guidelines for healthcare providers, patients are often counselled to modify their use of these drugs. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess healthcare providers’ recommendations on how OTCAs should be used by patients with CLD.
Thyroid function and hyperfunction in the pregnant woman.

Complex changes in thyroid function occur in the pregnant woman as a result of hormonal fluctuation and varying metabolic demands.1 In counterpoint, thyroid dysfunction may affect pregnancy outcome. Increases in thyroxine-binding globulin are mainly responsible for the changes that occur in the parameters of thyroid function.
Field Theory of Deformation and Fracture

In this chapter, the formalism described in Chap. 3 is applied to the nonlinear dynamics of deformation. A gauge field that makes the law of linear elasticity locally symmetric is identified as the displacement field that aligns the orientation of the deformation structural elements so that the differentiation can be performed with the global coordinates. After briefly describing other gauge theories applied to deformation dynamics, the chapter provides the big picture of the present formalism. This is followed by formulaic description of the present theory, where the field equations are derived from the gauge field with the use of the mathematical prescriptions described in Chap. 3. Wave characteristics of the displacement field of solid-state media under plastic deformation are argued as solutions to the field equations. For the purpose of exploring the physical meanings of the restoring mechanism that makes the displacement field oscillatory and the energy dissipative mechanism associated with the deformation charge, analogy with electrodynamics is discussed to some extent. The interpretations of the field equations and various concepts derived from them are discussed in Chap. 5 in more detail.
Identifying delays in care for patients with NSCLC using value-stream mapping.

136Background: Value-Stream Mapping (VSM) was employed to evaluate non-value added activities focused on minimizing time between pathological diagnosis and first treatment (Time-To-Treat or TTT). O...
Shape‐Preserved Transformation of Biological Cells into Synthetic Hydrogel Microparticles

The synthesis of materials that can mimic the mechanical, and ultimately functional, properties of biological cells can broadly impact the development of biomimetic materials, as well as engineered tissues and therapeutics. Yet, it is challenging to synthesize, for example, microparticles that share both the anisotropic shapes and the elastic properties of living cells. Here, a cell-directed route to replicate cellular structures into synthetic hydrogels such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) is described. First, the internal and external surfaces of chemically fixed cells are replicated in a conformal layer of silica using a sol-gel process. The template is subsequently removed to render shape-preserved, mesoporous silica replicas. Infiltration and cross-linking of PEG precursors and dissolution of the silica result in a soft hydrogel replica of the cellular template as demonstrated using erythrocytes, HeLa, and neuronal cultured cells. The elastic modulus can be tuned over an order of magnitude (≈10-100 kPa) though with a high degree of variability. Furthermore, synthesis without removing the biotemplate results in stimuli-responsive particles that swell/deswell in response to environmental cues. Overall, this work provides a foundation to develop soft particles with nearly limitless architectural complexity derived from dynamic biological templates.
Genetic Counseling for Angelman Syndrome when the Proband has a Cytogenetic or Molecular Deletion

The Angelman Research and Support Group in the U.S.A. began at the University of Florida in the fall of 1987. Part of the impetus for formation of the Organization was that families of the individuals with Angelman Syndrome (AS) followed in our clinic both wanted to meet other families and had questions about the future of their child with AS which could not be adequately answered.
Recent Progress in the Development of Traveling Wave LiNbO3 Modulators

Traveling wave electro-optic devices were first proposed by Kaminow(1) for bulk devices and demonstrated in LiNbO3 waveguide modulators by Izutsu et al(2,3) in 1977. The basic concepts for broadband operation of phase velocity matching between the optical and the microwave wave, impedance matching between the microwave waveguide and external electrical connectors, low Ohmic losses in the microwave waveguide, etc. were well known at the outset. What was not immediately possible was the realization of these ideal conditions due to the intrinsic index of refraction and dielectric constants of LiNbO3 and the limitations of what seemed like reasonable electrode geometries at the time. This paper will review how these limitations were overcome and show the recent rapid progress that has been made in the development of low drive voltage, broadband LiNbO3 modulators.
El neobarroco y el lenguaje como la casa del ser: Aural, de Gilberto Castellanos

Incorporando los conceptos de Severo Sarduy y de Jose Pascual Buxo sobre el neobarroco y la ambiguedad referencial, respectivamente, exploro como en Aural (2011) Gilberto Castellanos fractura la relacion convencional entre signo linguistico y referente, con la intencion de comunicar una vision inedita de su experiencia vivida. Ademas, analizo el libro a la luz de algunos conceptos filosoficos de Martin Heidegger, como el “ser en el mundo” y el lenguaje como la “casa del ser”. Basandome en su representacion simbolica de las calles urbanas y la casa, aclaro su concepcion de la poesia como un refugio acogedor de la existencia angustiosa, una morada lirica que brinda el amparo, la iluminacion, la purificacion y la solidaridad.
Influence of Hamstrings on Knee Moments During Loading Response of Gait in Individuals Following ACL Reconstruction

Biomechanical studies consistently report smaller knee extensor moments in the surgical limb during loading response (LR) of gait following ACL reconstruction (ACLr). However, this reduction in knee loading is quantified by net joint moments (NJM). As a result, in the presence of greater hamstring activity, the true contribution from the knee extensors may not be reduced. The purpose of this study is to compare hamstring activity and strength and knee joint moments between individuals post-ACLr and controls. Eighteen individuals 3 months post-ACLr and matched controls walked and net knee extensor moment peak and impulse and hamstring activity were identified during LR, as well as maximal hamstring strength. A hybrid musculoskeletal model estimated knee flexor moments from joint kinematics and hamstring electromyography. Flexor moments (SIMM) were scaled based on strength. Knee extensor moments were estimated from the sum of the net knee moment and estimated knee flexor moment; estimated extensor moment peaks and impulse were calculated during LR. Repeated measures analysis of variance compared groups and limbs. Smaller net knee extensor moment and greater hamstring activity, as well as deficits in maximal hamstring strength, were observed in the surgical limb (all p < 0.05). When accounting for the torque-producing capabilities of the knee flexors, estimated knee extensor moment peak and impulse were smaller in the surgical limb. These findings suggest that net knee moments accurately reflect smaller knee extensor loading post-ACLr. Statement of Clinical Significance: Rehabilitation programs should target increasing knee extensor loading to restore gait mechanics during early rehabilitation. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:378-386, 2020.
New Empirical and Theoretical Insights on Country of Origin Research

I am glad to report that the Journal of Global Marketing has experienced a significant growth, nearly 86%, in the number of submissions during 2015–2019 (175 manuscripts processed during 2018 compa...
Leaf expansion and recovery from soil drying in soybean genotypes

Maintenance and recovery of the canopy area when drought stress is relieved may be critical for maintaining high productivity. In this study, experiments were conducted in controlled environments t...
Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Surface Water, Groundwater, and Wastewater Across Land-Use Gradients and Potential Effects.

Neonicotinoid insecticides cause adverse effects on nontarget organisms, but more information about their occurrence in surface and groundwater is needed across a range of land uses. Sixty-five sites in Minnesota, USA, representing rivers, streams, lakes, groundwater, and treated wastewater, were monitored via collection of 157 water samples to determine variability in spatiotemporal neonicotinoid concentrations. The data were used to assess relations to land use, hydrogeologic condition, and potential effects on aquatic life. Total neonicotinoid concentrations were highest in agricultural watersheds (median = 12 ng/L), followed by urban (2.9 ng/L) and undeveloped watersheds (1.9 ng/L). Clothianidin was most frequently detected in agricultural areas (detection frequency = 100%) and imidacloprid most often in urban waters (detection frequency = 97%). The seasonal trend of neonicotinoid concentrations in rivers, streams, and lakes showed that their highest concentrations coincided with spring planting and elevated streamflow. Consistently low neonicotinoid concentrations were found in shallow groundwater in agricultural regions (<1.2-16 ng/L, median = 1.4 ng/L). Treated municipal wastewater had the highest concentrations across all hydrologic compartments (12-48 ng/L, median = 19 ng/L), but neonicotinoid loads from rivers and streams (median = 4100 mg/d) were greater than in treated wastewater (700 mg/d). No samples exceeded acute aquatic-life benchmarks for individual neonicotinoids, whereas 10% of samples exceeded a chronic benchmark for neonicotinoid mixtures. Although 62% of samples contained 2 or more neonicotinoids, the observed concentrations suggest there were low acute and potential chronic risks to aquatic life. This the first study of its size in Minnesota and is critical to better understanding the drivers of wide-scale environmental contamination by neonicotinoids where urban, agricultural, and undeveloped lands are present. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1017-1033. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Endothelial signaling in coronary artery disease

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last few decades, novel knowledge, on the pathophysiology of the atherosclerotic process, has become available. It is now clear that atherosclerosis is multifactorial and endothelial dysfunction and inflammation play a fundamental role in the initiation of the disease. Endothelial injury, vasomotor dysregulation, local and systemic inflammation, prothrombotic status, and psychosocial stressors are all important factors involved in the development and progression of CAD. During the atherosclerotic process, several pathways can be altered resulting in decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide at the endothelial level. The endothelium could represent a new target for early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction Following Surgery for Sacral Chordoma

Oncological resection of chordomas of the mobile spine and sacrum frequently involves the creation of large soft tissue defects and significant destabilization of the bony elements. Achieving good long-term results is therefore contingent upon successful stabilization and soft tissue reconstruction. This is notably difficult at the lumbosacral junction, where partial sacrectomy resecting >50% of the sacroiliac joints, or total sacrectomy, results in loss of spinopelvic continuity and generates an enormous soft tissue defect. Restoration of spinopelvic continuity is essential for postoperative return of function, as it determines loadbearing during walking, standing, and sitting. Sacral defects can be reconstructed with vascularized bone flaps, regional flaps such as the pedicled vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, local flaps such as gluteus-based or paraspinous flaps, local tissue rearrangement, free tissue transfer, or a combination of these techniques. In this chapter, methods for soft tissue reconstruction following sacrectomy are discussed, along with the pros and cons of previously published technique.
Cicero and Modern Law

Contents: Preface Introduction Part I Cicero's Life, Predecessors and Works: Introduction to the philosophy of Cicero, Richard McKeon. Part II The Roman Law and Rhetorical Practice: Cicero and the spectacle of power, Andrew J.E. Bell Cicero and the defining of the Ius Civile, Jill Harries. Part III Cicero's Works: Rhetoric: De Oratore and the development of Controversia, Michael Mendelson. De Republica: The Overall Structure: A new kind of model: Cicero's Roman constitution in De Republica, Elizabeth Asmis The Nature of Res Publica: Cicero's definition of Res Publica, Malcolm Schofield Natural Law: The philosophical foundation of Roman law: Aristotle, the Stoics and Roman theories of natural law, John R. Kroger Mixed Government: The theory of the mixed constitution in Rome, Andrew Lintott Property: The economic dimension of Cicero's political thought: property and state, Neal Wood. De Legibus: Original elements in Cicero's ideal constitution, C.W. Keyes. De Officiis: 'Domina et regina virtutum': justice and societas in De Officiis, E.M. Atkins. Part IV Cicero's Method of Thought: Philosophic method in Cicero, Michael J. Buckley Invention, Walter Watson. Part V The Collapse of the Republic and the Death of Cicero: The federalist and the lessons of Rome, Louis J. Sirico Jr. Part VI Cicero's Influence in Western Civilization: The Stoic origin of natural rights, Philip Mitsis. Part VII Cicero and Modern Political, Legal and Rhetorical Ideals: Republicanism: Republicanism: the career of a concept, Daniel T. Rodgers Republicanism, liberalism and the law, Mortimer Sellars, Liberalism and republicanism, Philip Pettit Rhetoric: Graeco-Roman rhetoric: the canon and its history, Michael Frost Name Index.
A two-Riccati, feasible algorithm for guaranteeing output L/sub infinity / constraints

In the presence of all disturbances whose outer products are bounded by a known matrix N, the authors develop controllers to minimize the control L/sub infinity / norm bound subject to L/sub infinity / constraints on each output. The resulting controller is an LQG (linear quadratic Gaussian) controller with a special choice of the output weight matrix and input noise intensity matrix, which are iterated. The design algorithm turns out to be feasible if the algorithm converges. >
Identification of parameters in a complete-moving-hysteresis model

A complete scalar hysteresis model for magnetic recording media is presented. A hysteresis model is discussed that is capable of computing both major and minor loop traversals. Since the system is nonlinear and hysteretic, traditional parameter identification strategies cannot be used. The identification problem for such a system is formulated and a solution to the complete identification problem is given. It is shown that under certain conditions, the model has seven parameters, and that the order in which these parameters are identified is a critical part of the algorithm. The identification algorithm is robust in the presence of experimental errors. The model has been developed to accurately describe magnetic hysteresis, but since it is phenomenological in nature, the method described can be used to characterize hysteretic systems, including the identification of such systems. >
Region-of-interest reconstruction from projections using exponential radial sampling

Combines several ideas, including nonuniform sampling and circular harmonic expansions, into a new procedure for reconstructing a small region of interest (ROI) of an image from a set of its projections that are densely sampled in the ROI and coarsely sampled outside the ROI. Specifically, the radial sampling density of both the projections and the reconstructed image decreases exponentially with increasing distance from the ROI. The problem and data are reminiscent of the local tomography problem; however, the present algorithm reconstructs the ROI of the image itself, not the filtered version of it obtained using local tomography. The new algorithm has the added advantages of speed (it can be implemented entirely using the FFT) and parallelizability (each image harmonic is independent).
Update on Wnt signaling in bone cell biology and bone disease

For more than a decade, Wnt signaling pathways have been the focus of intense research activity in bone biology laboratories because of their importance in skeletal development, bone mass maintenance, and therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. It is evident that even subtle alterations in the intensity, amplitude, location, and duration of Wnt signaling pathways affects skeletal development, as well as bone remodeling, regeneration, and repair during a lifespan. Here we review recent advances and discrepancies in how Wnt/Lrp5 signaling regulates osteoblasts and osteocytes, introduce new players in Wnt signaling pathways that have important roles in bone development, discuss emerging areas such as the role of Wnt signaling in osteoclastogenesis, and summarize progress made in translating basic studies to clinical therapeutics and diagnostics centered around inhibiting Wnt pathway antagonists, such as sclerostin, Dkk1 and Sfrp1. Emphasis is placed on the plethora of genetic studies in mouse models and genome wide association studies that reveal the requirement for and crucial roles of Wnt pathway components during skeletal development and disease.
Some results on symplectic matrices

The principal results are that if A is an integral matrix such that AAT is symplectic then A = CQ, where Q is a permutation matrix and C is symplectic; and that if A is a hermitian positive definite matrix which is symplectic, and B is the unique hermitian positive definite pth.root of A, where p is a positive integer, then B is also symplectic.
Police and Culture: A Comparison between China and the United States

Cross-cultural police studies allow an understanding of the range of variation and common elements in the field of policing. This article was written on the basis of information gathered on policing and its cultural environment in China and the United States. The relationship between police and culture was examined by comparing the Chinese and American police, taking into account the broader social processes and larger societal patterns. This article specifically illustrates how cultures as larger social contexts and as internalized values influence the organization, operations, and behaviors of police in these two countries. Some theoretical and policy implications for policing are discussed.
Yahweh's divorce in Hosea 2 — Who is that woman?

Abstract The proposal that Yahweh's wife being divorced in Hos 2 is Asherah fails all tests that one puts to it. The monotheistic prophet would not have dignified the Canaanite Goddess with such a recognition. Nor would the Israelites have claimed the Canaanite mother of the Gods as their own mother. The city of Samaria is the only bride/divorcee around. (Israel, being masculine, is son m not wife — of Yahweh). Hosea does not create the idea of the city as woman; the usage is an ancient West‐Semitic way of speaking of cities. Hosea is simply one of the first Israelite prophets to use the Canaanite imagery for cities, but his utterance was preserved. He probably is distinctive as the first to have Yahweh divorce his city‐wife. Thus, Hosea in Chap 2 proclaims the future demise of Samaria.
Sustainable Development and Hazards Mitigation in the United States: Disasters by Design Revisited

It has become clear that natural and related technological hazards and disasters are not problems that can be solved in isolation. The occurrence of disasters is a symptom of broader and more basic social problems. Since 1994, a team of over 100 expert academics and practitioners — including members of the private sector — have assessed, evaluated, and summarized knowledge about natural and technological hazards in the United States from the perspectives of the physical, natural, social, behavioral, and engineering sciences. The major thesis of the findings was losses from hazards and inability to comprehensively reduce losses of all types are the consequences of narrowand shortsighted development patterns, cultural premises, and attitudes toward the natural environment, science, and technology. To address these broad and basic problems, the study included proposals for ways in which people and the institutions of the United States can take responsibility for disaster losses, reduce future hazard losses, and link hazard mitigation to sustainable development.
Cramer-Rao lower bound for frequency estimation for coherent pulse train with unknown pulse

Previous results for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the frequency of a coherent pulse train make severely simplifying assumptions not always valid in real-world applications. Here, the CRLB is derived for the case that the pulse is arbitrary but unknown. This paper poses and answers the important question: Does a priori knowledge of the pulse shape confer a fundamental advantage (i.e., lower CRLB) as compared to the case of known pulse shape? The surprising answer is that such prior knowledge provides very little advantage in any expected real-world scenarios.
High‐yield rapid production of hepatitis B surface antigen in plant leaf by a viral expression system

Summary Recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) constitutes currently used vaccines against hepatitis B virus, and has been successfully employed as a carrier for foreign epitopes. With the aim of developing an inexpensive, easily administered vaccine source for global immunization, several groups have expressed HBsAg in plant systems. Transgenic plant-derived HBsAg assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs) and is immunogenic in both mice and humans. However, HBsAg expression is relatively low in transgenic plant systems. The time-consuming and labour-intensive process of generating transgenic plants also significantly limits high-throughput analyses of various HBsAg fusion antigens. In this paper, the high-yield rapid production of HBsAg in plant leaf using a novel viral transient expression system is described. Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated with the MagnICON viral vectors produced HBsAg at high levels, averaging 295 µg/g leaf fresh weight at 10 days post-infection, as measured by a polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transiently expressed HBsAg accumulated as the full-length product, formed disulphide-linked dimers, displayed the conformational ‘a’ antigenic determinant and assembled into VLPs. Immunization of mice with partially purified HBsAg elicited HBsAg-specific antibodies. Furthermore, it was found that transient production of HBsAg using vacuum infiltration of whole plants, rather than syringe infiltration of leaves, was readily scalable, and greatly improved the accumulation of correctly folded HBsAg that displays the protective ‘a’ determinant.
Nucleation of ordered Ni island arrays on Au(111) by surface-lattice dislocations.

Scanning tunneling microscopy of Ni deposited on Au(111) at room temperature reveals strikingly ordered island nucleation. Ni islands grow with spacing 73 \AA{} along [12\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1] in rows 140 \AA{} apart at surface-lattice dislocations induced by the Au(111) ``herringbone'' reconstruction. The island arrays are explained by a model in which Ni atoms diffuse on the surface and aggregate at these dislocations. Island size varies by more than the shot-noise limit, suggesting that the initial sticking probability is low when a diffusing atom encounters a dislocation.
TRIP6 Enhances Lysophosphatidic Acid-induced Cell Migration by Interacting with the Lysophosphatidic Acid 2 Receptor

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induces actin rearrangement, focal adhesion assembly, and cell migration through the activation of small G protein Rho and its downstream effectors. These diverse cellular responses are mediated by its associated G protein-coupled receptors. However, the mechanisms and specificity by which these LPA receptors mediate LPA actions are still poorly understood. Here we show that LPA stimulation promotes the interaction of the LPA2 receptor with a focal adhesion molecule, TRIP6 (thyroid receptor interacting protein 6)/ZRP-1 (zyxin-related protein 1). TRIP6 directly binds to the carboxyl-terminal tail of the LPA2 receptor through its LIM domains. LPA-dependent recruitment of TRIP6 to the plasma membrane promotes its targeting to focal adhesions and co-localization with actin stress fibers. In addition, TRIP6 associates with the components of focal complexes including paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, c-Src, and p130cas in an agonist-dependent manner. Overexpression of TRIP6 augments LPA-induced cell migration; in contrast, suppression of endogenous TRIP6 expression by a TRIP6-specific small interfering RNA reduces it in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Strikingly, the association with TRIP6 is specific to the LPA2 receptor but not LPA1 or LPA3 receptor, indicating a specific role for TRIP6 in regulating LPA2 receptor-mediated signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that TRIP6 functions at a point of convergence between the activated LPA2 receptor and downstream signals involved in cell adhesion and migration.
Interactive space: a prototyping framework for touch and gesture on and above the desktop

Prototyping gestural and multitouch applications for desktop and mid-air interaction still requires expensive non-portable equipment, complex setup and calibration, and often reimplementation of tracking algorithms. We present Interactive Space, a prototyping framework designed to ease exploration of touch and gestural interaction in real-world settings. For us this is a first step in developing interfaces for electronic medical records to be evaluated in clinical settings. The main contribution is a simple flexible system that supports interaction on and above the desktop, and includes a semi-automatic calibration mechanism that makes it highly portable. We describe the framework, SDK, calibration method, limitations, availability, and a preliminary evaluation.
The Role of Al and Li Concentration on the Formation of Cubic Garnet Solid Electrolyte of Nominal Composition Li7La3Zr2O12

Abstract The effect of Al and Li concentration on the formation of cubic garnet of nominal composition Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 was investigated. It was determined that at least 0.204 moles of Al is required to stabilize the cubic phase. It was observed for the cubic phase (stabilized by the addition of Al) that as Li content was increased from 6 to 7 moles it transformed to a tetragonal phase. Additionally, powders of cubic Li 6.24 La 3 Zr 2 Al 0.24 O 11.98 were hot-pressed at 1000 °C and 40 MPa. The hot-pressed material had a relative density of 98%. The room temperature total ionic conductivity of the hot-pressed material was 4.0 × 10 − 4 S/cm and the electronic conductivity was 2 × 10 − 8 S/cm.
Challenging Majoritarian Tales: Portraits of Bilingual Teachers Deconstructing Deficit Views of Bilingual Learners.

This article argues that teacher-education programs often promote surface conceptions of inclusivity that limit preservice teachers' ability to understand and build upon the lived experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse youth. Conventional wisdom implies that teachers of color are native informants of these lived experiences; however, teacher educators should create opportunities for all teacher candidates to challenge prevalent myths about communities of color. Using critical race theory (CRT) and Latino critical race theory (LatCrit) the authors discuss a framework whereby teacher educators invite their students to construct counterstories through practices such as eliciting autonarratives, providing opportunities for reflective writing assignments, and coaching for equity.
Reuse system: an artificial intelligence-based approach

Abstract The concept of software reusability is examined from the perspective of classifying and accessing reusable software. To improve the practicality of software reuse, one must know its location and have an understanding of the reusable components and its adaptability to a particular need. The current state-of-the-art methods are assessed, and a new system for performing classification-based reuse is proposed. The concepts of subsumption and closeness are used to model function composition and function modification in software construction. These concepts and their associated metrics are used by the proposed reuse system to facilitate searching for reusable components and provide capabilities for helping programmers assess the worth of reusing particular packages. A description of the major algorithms required to compute these metrics is given. A sample user/system interaction that illustrates how these components and metrics are used to retrieve reusable components is presented. Also, domain analysis, which helps in deciding whether a particular application is oriented towards software reuse, is given.
Indirect role of Ca2+ in the assembly of extracellular matrix proteins.

We have investigated through molecular dynamics the binding properties at the interface between the C-type lectin subdomain (CLD) of aggrecan and the fibronectin type III domains (4–5FnIII) of tenasin, in particular the mechanistically unknown, but essential role of Ca2+ in the binding. The binding between the CLD and 4–5FnIII is critical in cross-linking aggrecan, hyaluronan, and tenascin to form extended protein networks found in tissues such as cartilage. None of the structurally resolved Ca2+ ions in the complex of the CLD and 4–5FnIII is directly bridging the two proteins. However, one of the Ca2+ ions (Ca2) is found to play the role of maintaining the structure of the L4 loop at the CLD binding surface, thus facilitating a high affinity binding between the CLD and 4–5FnIII. Removal of this Ca2+ ion causes a drastic structural change in the L4 loop, which presumably hinders the binding of the CLD to the 4–5FnIII. The other bound Ca2+ ions (Ca1 and Ca3) have no significant effect on the structure of the CLD binding surface, and thus are not expected to affect the binding. Our results might also suggest that the role of Ca2 in maintaining the structure of the L4 loop is most important during the binding process. Once the complex is formed, the dependence of the complex on the structuring role of Ca2 is reduced. In response to tensile force, the CLD and 4–5FnIII separate by breaking first the electrostatic interactions at the interface, followed by the hydrophobic ones. The sequence of the unbinding events and the maximum force required to separate the two proteins are independent of the presence of the Ca2+ ions, underlying the indirect role of Ca2+ in the binding.
Effects of Perceived Group Variability on the Gathering of Information about Individual Group Members

We examined the influence of perceived group variability on the use of stereotypes to gather information about individual group members. Participants provided judgments indicating how variable and how negatively they perceived Blacks in the United States. Then, more than 2 months later in an ostensibly unrelated study, the same participants generated questions concerning ambiguously aggressive behaviors performed by Black and White schoolchildren. Overall, participants who perceived Blacks to be more dispersed asked about a wider range of attributes and expressed greater uncertainty about the responses they expected to receive to the questions they generated. These effects were independent of the effects of prejudice, which was associated with increased certainty.
Three new species of Couratari (Lecythidaceae)

Three new species of Couratari are described. Couratari scottmorii from San Bias, Panama and Costa Rica and C. asterotricha from southeastern Brazil are closely related to C. stellata and C. pyramidata. Couratari scottmorii is another example of the close relationship between the forests of Panama and those of the Guianas. Couratari sandwithii from Venezuela and Suriname belongs to the C. multiflora species complex.
Potential for Endotoxin-Activated Kupffer's Cells to Induce Microvascular Thrombosis

• The potential contribution of Kupffer's cells, ie, hepatic macrophages (HMϕs) to the diffuse microvascular thrombosis seen during septicemia was evaluated by measuring the ability of a homogeneous population of explanted HMϕs to express procoagulant activity (PCA). Addition of as little as 100 ng/mL of endotoxin stimulated a 30-fold increase over control values of PCA within eight hours. This PCA was membrane associated and functioned externally to the macrophage. Sensitivity to heat (56 °C) and diisopropyl fluorophosphate differentiated this PCA from typical tissue thromboplastin activity. The increase in PCA was blocked by pretreatment with warfarin sodium (a phytonadione blocker) and could be restored by addition of phytonadione. These studies showed that endotoxin induces in HMϕs a significant increase in PCA, functioning like coagulation factor VII. These results support a role for Kupffer's cells in the initiation of microvascular thrombosis in endotoxemia. ( Arch Surg 1984;119:62-67)
A proposed dark matter detector based on scintillation pulse shape differences in high pressure Xe gas

We propose a dark matter detector based on high pressure gas scintillation (HPGS) using Xe as the target gas. Scintillation pulse time constants in Xe gas are an order of magnitude longer for alpha particles than for electron recoils from gammas or betas. If alpha particle pulses are typical also of recoils for heavier nuclei this offers the possibiklity of a room temperature dark matter detector which could be simpler and lower cost than detectors based on liquid xenon, liquid argon, or mK bolometric techniques. Background estimates for Xe gas detectors operating at 5–10 bar show that a single 34 kg detector module could reach a dark matter cross section sensitivity 1E−9 pb, and an array of 15–30 such detectors of total mass 500 kg–1000 kg could reach
The Tanka as a Qualitative Research Tool: A Study of a Native American Woman

This article explores the use of the Japanese poem the Tanka as a tool in qualitative research. It presents two types of data, research and interpretative Tankas, in the exploration of a Native Ame...
Mixed Types of Stellar Populations

ONE of the most interesting and most mysterious features of the stellar contents of our own and other known galaxies is the fact that there seem to exist two rather distinct types of stellar populations differing between themselves by mechanical as well as by physical properties of individual members. In fact, as was first indicated by Oort1, the so-called ‘high-velocity' stars which describe highly elongated elliptic trajectories around the galactic centre seem to possess rather different physical characteristics as compared with the ‘ordinary' stars predominating in the neighbourhood of our sun and moving along regular, almost circular, orbits. This distinction was amplified by the recent work of Baade2, who has shown that the ordinary type of stellar population (which he calls type I) is characteristic only for the region of spiral arms, whereas the other type (type II) forms the structure of the galactic nucleus along with the tenuous, almost spherical, ‘atmosphere' surrounding the entire system. All elliptical and spherical galaxies seem to be formed entirely from stars of type II.
Clinical Significance of Arteriosclerotic Femoral Artery Aneurysms

• One hundred seventy-two arteriosclerotic femoral artery aneurysms in 100 male patients, 47 to 91 years old, were evaluated. They were bilateral in 72% of the patients, and were associated with aortoiliac aneurysmal disease in 85% and with popliteal artery aneurysms in 44%. Femoral artery aneurysms were asymptomatic in 40 patients. Thirteen patients with thromboembolic episodes and two with rupture had ischemic limbs. Thirty-eight patients underwent primary operation for 50 femoral aneurysms, including 36 lower extremity arterial reconstructions, ten aortofemoral bypasses, one arterial ligation, and three amputations. Two operative deaths occurred, both associated with concomitant aortic surgery. Only three of 105 aneurysms in 58 patients followed nonoperatively were associated with later major limb-threatening complications. The low complication rate attending small, bland aneurysms justified nonoperative management. Large or symptomatic aneurysms warrant early operative intervention. ( Arch Surg 115:502-507, 1980)
Veiling, secularism, and the neoliberal subject: national narratives and supranational desires in Turkey and France

In this article we examine recent heated debates about the acceptability of the veil in public institutions in Turkey and France. France's adoption of a law that banned all conspicuous religious and political symbols from public schools was a focal point in these debates. A restraining attitude towards veiling is even more extensive in Turkey. In this article we focus on the historical and contemporary connections between these two secular republics, as well as the ideological context of global neoliberalism and the policies of suprastate and transnational organizations to analyse how the discourses and practices of secularism have been employed with respect to the question of wearing veils in public institutions. We argue that the concept of secularism, of which the veil debate is one component, has been important for state formation and economic development in both Turkey and France, and that in the contemporary period it is also employed with respect to the image of a particular kind of unattached and unbiased neoliberal subject. France and Turkey provide revealing cases of the ways in which contemporary secularism as a technology of governance reflects both historical patterns and new trends in the neoliberal era.
Hybrid rocket propellants from lunar material

Abstract This paper examines the use of lunar material for hybrid rocket propellants. Liquid oxygen is identified as the primary oxidizer and metals such as aluminum, magnesium, calcium, titanium and silicon are compared as possible fuels. Due to the reduced transportation costs, the use of lunar materials for both oxidizer and fuel will dramatically reduce the cost of a sustained space program. The advantage of hybrid rocket systems over liquid and solid rockets is discussed. It is pointed out that this type of hybrid rocket propellant could also be obtained from asteroidal and planetary soils, thereby facilitating the exploration and industrialization of the inner solar system.
Correctional health curriculum enhancement through focus groups.

Background: Little has been published describing curricular experiences in correctional health (CH). Purposes: Our goal is to articulate a curriculum cognizant of the special needs of the correctio...
Cardiovascular Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Results: At a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, MDMA increased mean heart rate (by 28 beats/min), systolic blood pressure (by 25 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (by 7 mm Hg), and cardiac output (by 2 L/min). The effects of MDMA were similar to those of dobutamine, 20 and 40 mg/kg per minute. Inotropism, measured by using meridional wall stress corrected for ejection fraction, decreased after administration of dobutamine, 40 mg/kg per minute, but did not change after either dose of MDMA. Conclusions: Modest oral doses of MDMA increase heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen consumption in a magnitude similar to dobutamine, 20 to 40 mg/kg per minute. In contrast to dobutamine, MDMA has no measurable inotropic effects. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:969-973. www.annals.org For author affiliations, current addresses, and contributions, see end of text.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF LECTURE AND COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTION ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING CLASSES

This paper describes a study of the differences in student learning achievement (as measured by four different types of common performance evaluation techniques) in a computer programming course under three teaching/learning environments: lecture, computer-aided instruction, and lecture supplemented with computer-aided instruction. Detailed descriptions are included of the measurement instruments used to evaluate student learning achievement. The analysis of variance, randomized blocks design, detected significant differences among treatment groups (teaching/learning environments) when student learning achievement was measured by two of the evaluation techniques. Implications of the results of this and related studies are detailed and include a consideration of student attitude toward CAI and the cost structure of CAI relative to that of the traditional lecture/discussion format.
Distinct effects of dual substitution on inductive and differentiative activities of C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides

The current studies compare the inductive and differentiative properties of 8-mercaptoguanosine with those of 7-methyl-8-oxoguanosine. 7-Methyl-8-oxoguanosine (7m8oGuo) is a new member of the family of C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides, the first such biologically active compound described that differs from guanosine other than by the specific substituent at the 8 position. Like 8MGuo, 7m8oGuo stimulates proliferation selectively in B lymphocytes. However, 7m8oGuo possesses greater activity than 8MGuo as a mitogen and greater potency as an adjuvant for humoral immune responses. Thus, as a B-lymphocyte mitogen, 7m8oGuo induces quantitatively greater [3H]TdR uptake than does 8MGuo, but with the same concentration optimum. As an adjuvant for in vitro antibody responses, however, 7m8oGuo achieves the same degree of immunoenhancement as 8MGuo but at approximately 10-fold lower concentrations, that is, the dose-response profile has been shifted to the left. Moreover, whereas the mitogenic responses to 8MGuo and 7m8oGuo exhibit parallel kinetic profiles, the adjuvant activity of 7m8oGuo arises earlier and persists later than does that of 8MGuo. These results are interpreted in terms of two distinct intracellular pathways: one mediating mitogenesis and the other adjuvanticity.
Contamination and exposure profiles of priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in groundwater in a semi-arid region in India

The concentration of 13 PAHs in groundwater was measured at 12 locations of Agra. The mean concentration of TPAH in all samples was 31.86 ng L−1 and it ranges from 13.2 ng L−1 to 64.3 ng L−1. The 4-ring and 5-ring PAHs were found to be dominant in the groundwater of Agra region having 38.6% and 26.4% of the TPAH. The carcinogenic potency was estimated and it was found 2.7 ng L−1. Univariate Pearson correlation matrix shows a good correlation among all PAHs except B(a)P. The levels of PAHs in the groundwater can help in environment risk assessment of this area.