cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lysine Supplementation of Diets for Yearling Horses

Forty-six Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse yearlings were used in two experiments designed to determine the amount of lysine in the concentrate necessary to promote maximum growth when fed the Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay provided at 1% body weight (BW)/day. In the first experiment, a 196-day trial, supplemental protein sources and analyses of the concentrates compared were: (1) soybean meal (SBM; 15.4% crude protein, .70% lysine); (2) SBM + .2% lysine (15.7% crude protein, .81% lysine), and (3) brewers dried grains + .2% lysine (15.9% crude protein, .59% lysine). Concentrate intake averaged 1.67% BW/day, and hay intake averaged .94% BW, for a total of 2.61% BW/day. Protein and lysine intakes (grams/day) for horses fed the three diets were, respectively: (1) 1,106, 48; (2) 1,091, 52 and (3) 1,077 and 40. Growth and efficiency responses for animals on treatments 1, 2 and 3 were, respectively: weight gain - 125, 123 and 114 kg; height gain - 9.5, 9.3 and 8.1 cm; girth gain - 21.6, 19.0 and 17.0 cm (P greater than .05); length gain - 14.5, 13.7 and 14.9 cm. and feed/gain - 15.3, 15.0 and 16.0. In the second experiment, a 140-day trial, SBM-based concentrates provided (1) 16.1% crude protein and .67% lysine, (2) 13.6% crude protein and.51% lysine and (3) 14.2% crude protein and .64% lysine. Concentrate averaged 1.99% BW and hay intake averaged .92% BW, for a total of 2.91% BW/day. Protein and lysine intakes (grams/day) for horses fed the three diets were (1) 1,432, 59; (2) 1,195, 46; and (3) 1,182, 53. Growth and efficiency responses for animals given the three treatments were: weight gain - 101, 87 and 101 kg (P greater than .05); height gain - 5.7, 6.0 and 6.4 cm; girth gain - 14.8, 12.2 and 16.3 (P greater than .05); length gain - 10.9, 10.9 and 11.9 cm, and feed/gain - 16.5, 17.9 and 15.0 kg (P greater than .05). No significant sex effects were detected. Results suggest that at least 1.9 g lysine/Mcal digestible energy is required to support maximum growth of yearling horses.
Central Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid function is maintained by tonic secretion of TSH by the pituitary. TSH secretion, in turn, is dependent on hypothalamic TRH production. Therefore, diseases of the hypothalamus and pituitary are frequently associated with TSH deficiency, producing central hypothyroidism. All patients with hypothalamic or pituitary disease should have thyroid function tests including a serum TSH by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In central hypothyroidism the TSH RIA is inappropriately low in relationship to the degree of hypothyroxinemia but is not always undetectable. In fact, because of the production of biologically inactive TSH, the TSH RIA may be in the high range of normal. Therapy of central hypothyroidism includes the management of associated pituitary hormone deficiencies, particularly secondary adrenal failure, and neurologic defects. A rare cause of hyperthyroidism is excessive TSH secretion. This may be due to a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor or to a functional disturbance in TSH secretion. TSH-secreting pituitary tumors are often large and locally invasive. Selective pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone is the most common cause of functional TSH-induced hyperthyroidism. It is important to rule out generalized thyroid hormone resistance before use of antithyroid drugs or thyroid surgery in patients suspected of this disorder. This is because antithyroid treatment is contraindicated in generalized thyroid hormone resistance.
A Novel Control for a Cascaded Buck–Boost PFC Converter Operating in Discontinuous Capacitor Voltage Mode

This paper presents a new dual-switch control structure for an ac/dc noninverting cascaded buck–boost power factor correction converter. The proposed converter operates at a discontinuous capacitor voltage mode providing an inherent high-power factor and a zero voltage turn-off switching. Additionally, the proposed control structure enables for a nondistorted sinusoidal current for a wide range of output voltage levels. Unlike the conventional methods, a mode detector is not required and consequently there is no hard transition between buck and boost modes. Although both converter switches are controlled, only one feedback control loop is required to obtain the desired power flow at a unity power factor. The principle of operation, theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental results of a 1.6-kW prototype grid-connected converter are presented. The results confirmed the validity of the proposed system under various operating conditions.
Initiating egg production in turkey breeder hens: Thyroid hormone involvement

The role of thyroid hormones in the expression of photosensitivity-photorefractoriness in female turkeys was investigated through the use of an antithyroidal agent, 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). In experiment 1, females held continuously from hatch on long day lengths (16L:8D; LD) and fed 0.1% PTU from 0 to 16 wk, began laying eggs at 26 wk of age, peaking at 75% hen-day egg production by 29 wk, whereas controls initiated lay 3 wk earlier but only achieved less than 50% hen-day egg production. In experiment 2, PTU treatment from 10 to 18 wk severely suppressed plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine, as confirmed by RIA. Egg production of PTU and control hens held on LD from hatch began by 23 wk, with PTU hens reaching a substantially greater rate of lay than controls. Eggs were smaller initially in both treatments but exceeded 75 g by 28 wk. In experiment 3, recycled hens on short day lengths (8L:16D) received PTU for 2 wk before LD and 12 wk thereafter; a subset of these hens was killed after 48 h of LD for immunohistochemical analysis of fos-related antigen (FRA) expression in the tuberal hypothalamus as a marker of photoinduced neuronal activity. The PTU treatment completely forestalled egg production until its withdrawal; egg production then rose sharply to control levels before resuming, along with controls, a typical seasonal decline. The PTU treatment did not impair photoinduced FRA expression. Together, these results demonstrate the following: 1) that a period of pharmacological suppression of triiodothyronine and thyroxine can substitute for short day exposure in conferring photosensitivity on juvenile-aged turkeys (and is actually superior to short day exposure), 2) that reproductive development does not limit egg production of turkey hens photostimulated as young as approximately 20 wk of age, and 3) that effects of thyroid suppression on photostimulation lie downstream of photoinduced FRA expression. Taken together, these results suggest that there is ample physiological potential to substantially advance the age of photoinduced egg production in commercial flocks.
Using Ankle Bracing and Taping to Decrease Range of Motion and Velocity During Inversion Perturbation While Walking.

Context: Prophylactic ankle supports are commonly used. However, the effectiveness of external supports in preventing an inversion stress has been debated. Objective: To evaluate how ankle bracing ...
Does formal mentoring for faculty members matter? A survey of clinical faculty members.

Background Mentoring relationships, for all medical school faculty members, are an important component of lifelong development and education, yet an understanding of mentoring among medical school clinical faculty members is incomplete. This study examined associations between formal mentoring relationships and aspects of faculty members' engagement and satisfaction. It then explored the variability of these associations across subgroups of clinical faculty members to understand the status of mentoring and outcomes of mentoring relationships. The authors hypothesised that academic clinical faculty members currently in formal mentoring relationships experience enhanced employee engagement and satisfaction with their department and institution. Methods Medical school faculty members at 26 self-selected USA institutions participated in the 2011–2014 Faculty Forward Engagement Survey. Responses from clinical faculty members were analysed for relationships between mentoring status and perceptions of engagement by faculty members. Results Of the 11 953 clinical faculty respondents, almost one-third reported having a formal mentoring relationship (30%; 3529). Most mentored faculty indicated the relationship was important (86%; n = 3027), and over three-fourths were satisfied with their mentoring experience (77%; n = 2722). Mentored faculty members across ranks reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction and more positive perceptions of their roles in the organisation. Faculty members who were not receiving mentoring reported significantly less satisfaction with their workplace environment and lower overall satisfaction. Conclusions Mentored clinical faculty members have significantly greater satisfaction with their department and institution. This multi-institutional study provides evidence that fostering mentoring opportunities may facilitate faculty members' satisfaction and engagement, which, in turn, may help medical schools retain high-quality faculty staff committed to the multidimensional academic mission.
An analysis of 573 cases of twin pregnancy

Abstract 1. 1. The diagnosis of twins appears to present difficulties, for it was missed in almost one-third of our cases during the past twelve years. When both infants weighed less than 2,500 gm., one-half of the twin pregnancies remained undiagnosed and when the larger twin weighed 2,500 gm. or more, the correct ante-partum diagnosis was made in slightly more than 70 per cent. 2. 2. With classification of term, premature, or abortion on the sole basis of the weight of the larger fetus, one-half of the twin pregnancies ended in term labors, three-eighths in premature births and one-eighth in abortions. Of viable twin pregnancies 56 per cent terminated in term-sized fetuses and 44 per cent in premature infants, in contrast to 91 per cent and 9 per cent of single pregnancies. The tendency to premature twins was more marked in primiparas. 3. 3. Viable twin pregnancies terminate eighteen days earlier than single pregnancies. The duration of pregnancy was not affected by parity, but it was influenced by race, the colored patients having shorter twin and single pregnancies. 4. 4. Women with twins gain 70 per cent more than women with single pregnancies. The gain is greater in those with toxemia. Furthermore the amount gained increases with advancing parity, which is due to the larger size of the twin fetuses born to grande multiparae. 5. 5. The exact frequency of hydramnios was difficult to determine because of failure to measure the amniotic fluid in most cases. The condition was diagnosed by palpation in 7 per cent. 6. 6. Twin pregnancy does not increase the frequency of ante-partum or post-partum pyelitis. 7. 7. Physiologic, secondary anemia is more frequent and more profound in patients with twin pregnancy. 8. 8. Contrary to general experience we found that toxemic and functional vomiting were no more common in twin than in single pregnancy. 9. 9. Hypertensive toxemia is two and one-half times as frequent in twin pregnancy. Neither parity, zygosity, nor the combined fetal weights appears to affect this frequency. 10. 10. Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia are increased more than other varieties of hypertensive toxemia, the former occurring once in every 30 twin pregnancies. 11. 11. The gravity of the association of toxemia with twin pregnancy is attested by the fact that 61 per cent of maternal twin deaths were associated with toxemia.
Differential Endomorphisms for Modular Forms On Γ0(4)

In this note we construct a graded family of endomorphisms on M k (Г0(4), χk) using differential operators. These operators are analogous to those constructed by Kaneko and Zagier in the case of modular forms on Г0(1). We study the arithmetic of these operators. For example, we classify their eigenforms and their kernels.
Exploring Perspectives of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Histories of Challenging Behaviors about Family Relationships: An Emergent Topic in a Grounded Theory Focus Group Study

ABSTRACTThe perspectives of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) about family relationships are underrepresented in the literature. The topic of family relationships emerged in a grounded theory exploratory focus group study that involved thirty dually diagnosed participants with moderate or mild intellectual disabilities and histories of challenging behaviors. Because of the dearth of existing information and the salience of the topic, this analysis explored properties of the participant’s disclosures associated with family relationships. The aims were to offer treatment providers empirically based information that may inform service provision and increase the availability of ID-specific, psychological supports for dually diagnosed individuals. Participants reported different types and statuses of family relationships. Transactional processes described in positive family relationships included properties such as reciprocity, flexibility, accommodation, trusting, and expressing affection. Conve...
Controlled intragastric pH and cimetidine inhibition of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the dog

This study tested a circulating intragastric titration system with an examination of the kinetics of cimetidine inhibition of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion of pH 7.0. Dogs were anesthetized, intubated with a biluminal nasogastric device, and connected to the titrating system. The dogs were stimulated with histamine at 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 microgram/kg/min IV. The dose variations were repeated on separate days with cimetidine infusion at 0.0, 20, and 40 microgram/kg/min IV. Calculated maximal response was 4.52 mEq/kg/hr. Histamine D50 was 0.60 microgram/kg/min. Cimetidine ID50 was 22.6 microgram/kg/min when histamine was given at 1.0 microgram/kg/min. Although acid secretion was higher than other published values, cimetidine inhibition kinetics were not significantly different from published values. A positive correlation was found between cimetidine ID50 and the logarithm of the histamine infusion rate. Our data suggest that (1) a simple circulating intragastric titration system can give accurate results in acid secretion studies, (2) increased gastric pH may enhance histamine-stimulated acid secretion, (3) neutralization of gastric contents does not interfere with cimetidine inhibition kinetics which is competitive, and (4) at artifically high rates of histamine infusion, cimetidine can actually increase acid secretion. We suggest that a circulating intragastric system may be tested in a surgical intensive care unit to evaluate potential clinical value in antiulcer therapy.
Das NADA-Protokoll in der Behandlung einer Patientin mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung

Eine junge Patientin mit einer Borderline-Personlichkeitsstorung wird zusatzlich zu einer psychiatrischen tagesklinischen Behandlung mit dem NADA-Protokoll behandelt. Es stellen sich viele positive Therapieeffekte ein, die im Vorfeld mit jahre langer psychiatrischer Behandlung nicht erzielt werden konnten. Bei dem NADA-Protokoll handelt es sich um eine standardisierte Ohrakupunkturmethode, welche sich gut als zusatzliche Behandlungsmethode bei psychisch schwerkranken Patienten eignet. Generell besteht keine direkte Kontraindikation in der Behandlung von Menschen mit emotional-instabilen Personlichkeitsstorungen. Es ist jedoch hilfreich, einige krankheitsspezifische Aspekte zu beachten, vor allem den Umgang mit Selbstverletzungen, Suizidalitat und einer gestorten Nahe-Distanz-Beziehung.
Lateralization of ERPs to speech and handedness in the early development of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Language is a highly lateralized function, with typically developing individuals showing left hemispheric specialization. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show reduced or reversed hemispheric lateralization in response to language. However, it is unclear when this difference emerges and whether or not it can serve as an early ASD biomarker. Additionally, atypical language lateralization is not specific to ASD as it is also seen more frequently in individuals with mixed- and left-handedness. Here, we examined early asymmetry patterns measured through neural responses to speech sounds at 12 months and behavioral observations of handedness at 36 months in children with and without ASD. Three different groups of children participated in the study: low-risk controls (LRC), high risk for ASD (HRA; infants with older sibling with ASD) without ASD, and HRA infants who later receive a diagnosis of ASD (ASD). Event-related potentials (ERPs) to speech sounds were recorded at 12 months. Utilizing a novel observational approach, handedness was measured by hand preference on a variety of behaviors at 36 months. At 12 months, lateralization patterns of ERPs to speech stimuli differed across the groups with the ASD group showing reversed lateralization compared to the LRC group. At 36 months, factor analysis of behavioral observations of hand preferences indicated a one-factor model with medium to high factor loadings. A composite handedness score was derived; no group differences were observed. There was no association between lateralization to speech at 12 months and handedness at 36 months in the LRC and HRA groups. However, children with ASD did show an association such that infants with lateralization patterns more similar to the LRC group at 12 months were stronger right-handers at 36 months. These results highlight early developmental patterns that might be specific to ASD, including a potential early biomarker of reversed lateralization to speech stimuli at 12 months, and a relation between behavioral and neural asymmetries. Future investigations of early asymmetry patterns, especially atypical hemispheric specialization, may be informative in the early identification of ASD.
Optimality in Municipal Debt: A Comment and Respecification:

The optimal level of debt financing by municipally owned and operated enterprises is examined, with particular emphasis placed on several misconceptions involved in an earlier article by Robert A. Collins. A respecified cost minimization model, taking the cost of risk bearing and the private rate of time preference into account, is proposed. The resulting policy implications for debt financing are very different from those argued by Collins and from those traditionally made for general-purpose municipal financing.
Meprin αβ Deficiency Results in Accumulation of Peritoneal Macrophages and Hyperactive Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response in Mice.

Abstract 1364 Poster Board I-386 Meprin metalloproteases are abundantly expressed in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells, and have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, we demonstrated that meprin deficiency compromises homeostasis of monocytes and natural killer cells. However, the role(s) of meprins in the hematological system and the pathological consequences of meprin deficiency have not been fully characterized. We report here that mouse and human monocytes expressed meprins, and the expression of meprin α was down-regulated in monocyte-derived mature macrophages (Mφ). In a mouse model of septic shock induced by peritoneally injected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), mice carrying germline null mutation of both meprin α and βgenes (meprin double knockout, dKO) developed a more severe form of septic shock, characterized by deeper hypothermia, higher levels of blood nitrate/nitrites and suppressed monocytosis, in comparison to the wild-type mice. In addition, LPS-challenged meprin dKO mice exhibited a greater elevation of plasma IL-12, MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, even though these pro-inflammatory cytokines were at lower levels in the dKO mice than the wild-type mice in the steady state. Furthermore, meprin dKO mice harbored a higher number of peritoneal Mφ than the wild-type mice, and thereby produced more soluble cytokines in response to ex vivo LPS stimulation. These results indicate that meprin deficiency is associated with accumulation of peritoneal Mφ, which may lead to hyperactive cytokine responses to inflammatory stimuli and result in increased susceptibility to LPS-induced septic shock. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Safety and Effectiveness of Factor VIII Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (FEIBA) and Fresh Frozen Plasma in Oral Anticoagulant-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Analysis.

Oral anticoagulant (OAT)-associated intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening emergency for which prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) are considered first-line reversal agents. The only approved PCC in the USA for warfarin-associated ICH is non-activated PCC. Little data are available regarding the safety and effectiveness of factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA) which is an activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC). The aim of this analysis was to assess the safety and effectiveness of FEIBA compared to fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for reversal of OAT-associated ICH. Data were retrospectively collected to compare coagulation markers and in-hospital clinical outcomes in patients who received aPCC with or without FFP versus FFP alone for the reversal of OAT-associated ICH. Eighty-four patients met inclusion criteria; 50 patients received FFP alone, and 34 patients received FEIBA (mean dose 20 U/kg) with or without FFP for OAT-associated ICH. The proportion of diagnosed thrombotic events during hospitalization was similar in both groups (8% in the FFP group vs. 12% in the FEIBA group; P = 0.56). Median time to INR < 1.5 was achieved faster in the FEIBA group versus the FFP group (0.5 h [IQR 0.5–1.] vs. 10 h [IQR 5–16.3], respectively; P < 0.001) reflecting a trend toward shorter median time to neurosurgical intervention. Hematoma expansion, length of stay, and all-cause mortality were similar between both groups. Administration of FEIBA does not appear to increase the risk of thrombotic events compared with FFP. FEIBA administration resulted in faster INR reversal with a trend toward shorter time to neurosurgical intervention. However, there was no difference in hematoma expansion, mortality or length of stay.
Benchmarking of a Physically Based Hydrologic Model

AbstractThe concepts of model benchmarking, model agility, and large-sample hydrology are becoming more prevalent in hydrologic and land surface modeling. As modeling systems become more sophisticated, these concepts have the ability to help improve modeling capabilities and understanding. In this paper, their utility is demonstrated with an application of the physically based Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC). The authors implement VIC for a sample of 531 basins across the contiguous United States, incrementally increase model agility, and perform comparisons to a benchmark. The use of a large-sample set allows for statistically robust comparisons and subcategorization across hydroclimate conditions. Our benchmark is a calibrated, time-stepping, conceptual hydrologic model. This model is constrained by physical relationships such as the water balance, and it complements purely statistical benchmarks due to the increased physical realism and permits physically motivated benchmarking using metrics...
Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and N Source on Plant Growth and N and P Uptake by Tomato Grown on Calcareous Soils

Introducing specific microorganisms into the soil ecological system is an important strategy for improving nutrient use efficiency. Two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) source and inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth and N and phosphorus (P) uptake in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in calcareous soils from South Florida. Treatments included urea (UF), controlled release urea (CRF) each at low N (F1) and high N (F2) and with or without inoculation of PGPR. A mixture of PGPR strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a and B. pumilus T4 was applied to the soil during growing periods of tomato. Treatments with PGPR inoculation increased plant height compared to treatments without PGPR in both experiments. Inoculation with PGPR increased dry shoot weight compared to the treatments without PGPR at equivalent N rates. Only CRF and UF at F2 with PGPR had significantly (P < 0.05) greater shoot biomass than that from CRF and UF alone in both experiments. For N uptake in tomato shoot, treatments with PGPR increased N uptake compared to the treatments without PGPR in the same N rate and N source. Only CRF2 with PGPR significantly increased N uptake by 39.0 and 10.3% in shoot compared to CRF2 alone in experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Meanwhile, presence of PGPR in the soil increased total P uptake in shoot for all treatments in experiment 1 and for most of treatments in experiment 2. In experiment 1, only CRF treatment at F1 level with PGPR significantly increased total P uptake in shoot compared with CRF without PGPR. In experiment 2, a significant increase in total P uptake in shoot by inoculation of PGPR was only observed in CRF at F2. Results from this study indicate that inoculation with PGPR may increase plant growth and N, P uptake by tomato grown in calcareous soils. However, the effect of PGPR varied and was influenced by many factors such as N source, N rate, and soil fertility. Further investigations are warranted to confirm the effect of PGPR under different soil conditions.
A Method for the Preparation of Crystalline Oxyhemoglobin

In 1921, Heidelberger began to work with Donald D. Van Slyke at the Rockefeller Institute's hospital. Van Slyke had been working to understand the functioning of the kidneys, and more specifically the interaction between oxygen and hemoglobin. At this time, oxyhemoglobin (in which an oxygen molecule is attached to the heme component of the hemoglobin protein) could be produced synthetically in quantities too small to be useful, and also lacked much oxygen-carrying capability. Van Slyke and his team asked Heidelberger to address this problem. In this article, Heidelberger describes a method he developed that created greater yields of oxyhemoglobin with nearly all of its oxygen-carrying power intact.
Stereochemistry of the SE2 Bromine Cleavage of Tetraalkyltin Compounds in Carbon Tetrachloride and Methanol Solvents

It was demonstrated previously that the SE2 cleavage of sec-Bu*Sn(neopentyl)3 by bromine in methanol occurs with inversion of configuration; this inversion has now been found to be quantitative. It is shown, and explanations are offered for the phenomenon, that cleavage in carbon tetrachloride as solvent (with necessary inhibitors for the concomitant free radical reactions) occurs with retention of configuration. The reversal of stereochemistry may result, not from change in mechanism, but rather from drastic changes in the rate of competing reactions with change of solvent.
Emotional Aspects of Chronic Pain

Emotions and chronic pain are deeply entangled. Emotions can predispose to or modulate pain. Various factors pertaining to negative affectivity can contribute to pain intensity and chronicity, as well as to its disabling consequences. In the last decade, advances in neurosciences have indisputably confirmed the clinical evidence of pain as an experience involving sensory and emotional components, emphasizing the essential role of brain structures related to motivation and emotions, pointing to central sensitization or to epigenetic influences on affect regulation disorder. Contemporary theories call upon integrative models that reflect the history and personal vulnerabilities as much as the emotional and cognitive factors that may influence pain. In patients with chronic pain, interpersonal dimensions also received renewed interest, and in particular attachment or somatization and alexithymia as specific modes of expressing emotions. Therapeutic approaches increasingly emphasize motivation as well as acceptance of pain and goal achievement despite the presence of pain.
Book Review of Best Practices for Teaching with Emerging Technologies

This book is full of examples of how teachers can integrate technology into their classroom and should inspire the most tentative teachers to try something new. As with any book centered on emerging technologies, the content runs the risk of becoming outdated quickly, but the author acknowledges this in the introduction and continues to build on central tenants as evidenced in a second edition placing emphasis on smartphone and social media usage.
Multi-residue analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for detection of 20 coccidiostats in poultry, livestock, and aquatic tissues.

Abstract In this study, we developed a novel analysis method based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to allow the simultaneous identification of 20 coccidiostats in eight matrix categories, including the muscles of chicken, swine, cow, and fish as well as chicken eggs, bovine milk, and porcine viscera. In the pretreatment procedure, acetonitrile/methanol (95:5, v/v) containing 1% formic acid, 5 g of sodium acetate, and 6.0 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate was used for extraction, followed by a clean-up procedure using n -hexane saturated with ACN to facilitate the elimination of analytes from high lipid samples. Chromatographic separations were achieved using a Poroshell 120SB C18 column and operated with a gradient mobile phase system consisting of methanol (with 0.1% formic acid) and 5 mM ammonium formate, and the MS detection was monitored simultaneously. The method was validated in accordance with the Guidelines for the Validation of Food Chemical Methods by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration. The limit of quantitation among 8 matrices were 0.5–2 ng g −1 . The proposed method proved highly effective in detecting the presence of targeted veterinary drugs, providing a high degree of precision and accuracy over a broad range of matrices.
Understanding the switching mechanism of interfacial phase change memory

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is a leading candidate for next generation data storage, but it typically suffers from high switching (RESET) current density (20–30 MA/cm2). Interfacial Phase Change Memory (IPCM) is a type of PCM using multilayers of Sb2Te3/GeTe, with up to 100× lower reported RESET current compared to the standard Ge2Sb2Te5-based PCM. Several hypotheses involving fundamentally new switching mechanisms have been proposed to explain the low switching current densities, but consensus is lacking. Here, we investigate IPCM switching by analyzing its thermal, electrical, and fabrication dependencies. First, we measure the effective thermal conductivity (∼0.4 W m−1 K−1) and thermal boundary resistance (∼3.4 m2 K GW−1) of Sb2Te3/GeTe multilayers. Simulations show that IPCM thermal properties account only for an ∼13% reduction of current vs standard PCM and cannot explain previously reported results. Interestingly, electrical measurements reveal that our IPCM RESET indeed occurs by a melt-quench process, similar to PCM. Finally, we find that high deposition temperature causes defects including surface roughness and voids within the multilayer films. Thus, the substantial RESET current reduction of IPCM appears to be caused by voids within the multilayers, which migrate to the bottom electrode interface by thermophoresis, reducing the effective contact area. These results shed light on the IPCM switching mechanism, suggesting that an improved control of layer deposition is necessary to obtain reliable switching.
Liver cancer systemic treatment patterns in the largely rural state of New Mexico.

e18166Background: New Mexico (NM) has one of the highest rates for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the US. Systemic therapy (ST) for HCC is typically reserved for patients with unresectable or me...
Types of Extracurricular Campus Activities and First-Year Students’ Academic Success:

This research examines the relationships between first-year college students’ attendance at campus-sponsored extracurricular events and grade point average, persistence from fall to spring, and ret...
From Farm to Pharmacy: Strawberry-Enabled Oral Delivery of Protein Drugs

Abstract Although oral drug delivery is preferred by patients, it is not possible for proteins because the gastrointestinal tract is not sufficiently permeable. To enable the non-toxic oral uptake of protein drugs, we investigated plant-based foods as intestinal permeation enhancers, hypothesizing that compounds found in food would be well-tolerated by the gastrointestinal tract. Following a screen of over 100 fruits, vegetables, herbs, and fungi, we identified strawberry as a potent enhancer of macromolecular permeability in vitro and in mice. Natural product chemistry techniques identified pelargonidin, an anthocyanidin, as the active compound. In mice, insulin was orally administered with pelargonidin to induce sustained pharmacodynamic effects with doses as low as 1 U/kg and bioactivity of over 100% relative to the current gold standard of subcutaneous injection. Pelargonidin-induced permeability was reversible within two hours of treatment, and one month of daily dosing did not adversely affect mice as determined by weight tracking, serum concentrations of inflammatory markers, and tight junction gene expression. Results underscore the utility of plant-based foods in biomedical applications and demonstrate pelargonidin as an especially potent enhancer for the oral delivery of biologics.
Molecular origins of bulk viscosity in liquid water

The rapid equilibrium fluctuations of water molecules are intimately connected to the rheological response; molecular motions resetting the local structure and stresses seen as flow and volume changes. In the case of water or hydrogen bonding liquids generally, the relationship is a non-trivial consideration due to strong directional interactions complicating theoretical models and necessitating clear observation of the timescale and nautre of the associated equilibrium motions. Recent work has illustrated a coincidence of timescales for short range sub-picosecond motions and the implied timescale for the shear viscosity response in liquid water. Here, neutron and light scattering methods are used to experimentally illustrate the timescale of bulk viscosity and provide a description of the associated molecular relaxation. Brillouin scattering has been used to establish the timescale of bulk viscosity; and borrowing the Maxwell approach, the ratio of the bulk viscosity, ζ, to the bulk modulus, K, yields a relaxation time, τB, which emerges on the order of 1–2 ps in the 280 K to 303 K temperature range. Inelastic neutron scattering is subsequently used to describe the motions of water and heavy water at the molecular scale, providing both coherent and incoherent scattering data. A rotational (alternatively described as localized) motion of water protons on the 1–2 ps timescale is apparent in the incoherent scattering spectra of water, while the coherent spectra from D2O on the length scale of the first sharp diffraction peak, describing the microscopic density fluctuations of water, confirms the relaxation of water structure at a comparable timescale of 1–2 ps. The coincidence of these three timescales provides a mechanistic description of the bulk viscous response, with the local structure resetting due to rotational/localized motions on the order of 1–2 ps, approximately three times slower than the relaxations associated with shear viscosity. In this way we show that the shear viscous response is most closely associated with changes in water network connectivity, while the bulk viscous response is associated with local density fluctuations.
Leonard Cohen’s Jewish Theodicy: We Are Waiting for Godot, But It Is We Who May Never Arrive

The work of Leonard Cohen, called the “black romantic” by Stephen Scobie, has been explored for its sex, politics, darkness, and struggle with faith. Cohen’s imagery has also been widely interrogat...
Joint Bayesian Variable Selection and Graph Estimation for Non-linear SVM with Application to Genomics Data

Support vector machine (SVM) is a powerful classification tool for analysis of high dimensional data such as genomics. Regularized linear and nonlinear SVM methods with feature selection have been developed. On the other hand, there is a growing body of literature showing that incorporating prior biological knowledge such as functional genomics, which are typically represented by graphs, into the analysis of genomic data can improve feature selection and prediction. In practice, however, such biological knowledge can often be inaccurate or unavailable. To attack this problem, we propose a Bayesian modeling approach which enables us to learn the graph structure among features and perform feature selection simultaneously. Our approach employs a Gaussian graphical model for inferring the graphical information and exploits the inferred graph to guide feature selection for SVM. An efficient MCMC algorithm is developed and our numerical analysis demonstrates that the proposed method has advantages over existing methods in feature selection and prediction via simulations and an application to the analysis of glioblastoma patient data.
A short course of tofacitinib sustains the immunoregulatory effect of CTLA4-Ig in the presence of inflammatory cytokines and promotes long-term survival of murine cardiac allografts.

Costimulation blockade-based regimens are a promising strategy for management of transplant recipients. However, maintenance immunosuppression via CTLA4-Ig monotherapy is characterized by high frequency of rejection episodes. Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines contribute to alloreactive T cell activation in a CD28-independent manner, a reasonable contributor to the limited efficacy of CTLA4-Ig. In this study, we investigated the possible synergism of a combined short-term inhibition of cytokine signaling and CD28 engagement on the modulation of rejection. Our results demonstrate that the JAK/STAT inhibitor tofacitinib restored the immunomodulatory effect of CTLA4-Ig on mouse alloreactive T cells in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Tofacitinib exposure conferred dendritic cells with a tolerogenic phenotype reducing their cytokine secretion and costimulatory molecules expression. JAK inhibition also directly affected T cell activation. In vivo, the combination of CTLA4-Ig and tofacitinib induced long-term survival of heart allografts and, importantly, it was equally effective when using grafts subjected to prolonged ischemia. Transplant survival correlated with a reduction in effector T cells and intragraft accumulation of regulatory T cells. Collectively, our studies demonstrate a powerful synergism between CTLA4-Ig and tofacitinib and suggest their combined use is a promising strategy for improved management of transplanted patients.
Toward a Theoretico-practical Accountability to Difference and Relationality

In this essay, I argue for a theoretico-practical accountability to difference and belonging in feminist philosophy and theory that requires attentiveness to disability as an important vector of power, normativity, and oppression. My insistence on accountability echoes the many appeals to confront and take account of one's own ableist, white supremacist, cisgendered forms of privilege (while simultaneously working to dismantle more systemic forms of privilege) that disabled feminists, feminists of color, and transgender feminists have made. [i] Following Eli Clare and Aimee Carrillo Rowe, I consider how an ongoing accountability to intersectionality and embodiment in a politics of relation can avoid the exclusionary logics at work in feminist philosophical and theoretical invocations of "gender, race, and class," or "gender, race, and sexuality" that consistently ignore disability, among other identifications, as constitutive productions of structural power. An embodied and intersectional feminist refiguring of subjectivity that attends to race, class, age, disability, cis/gender, and sexuality, among other axes of difference, should be recognized as an important requirement of accountability for feminist philosophers and theorists, especially feminist philosophers and theorists who are privileged along one or more of these axes of power. [i] Aurora Levins Morales (1998), frames this accountability as “the willingness to examine and dismantle our own privilege and take full responsibility for remaking the world so that neither we nor anyone else can hold it again” (94). Keywords: belonging; relationality; feminism; disability; queer; transgender
Trends in RF Simulation Algorithms

Continued growth in the market for wireless communication devices has resulted in renewed interest in algorithms for computer-aided desigm of RF systems. In this article we review some recent progress in the field of circuit-level RF simulation algorithms. Comparisons of the relative advantages of popular simulation approaches are presented, with particular attention to the relation between numerical simulation strategies and the nature of RF circuit problems.
The Political Influence of Churches, by Paul A. Djupe and Christopher P. Gilbert

In the last 10 years, there has been a resurgence of political scientists examining social network influence. Adding to this growing and important literature is Djupe and Gilbert's insightful, well...
Relevancy, Probability and the Law

"There is a principle-not so much a rule of evidence as a presupposition involved in the very conception of a rational system of evidence, as contrasted with the old formal and mechanical systems -which forbids receiving anything irrelevant, not logically probative."1 "The two leading principles should be brought into conspicuous relief, (1) that nothing is to be received which is not logically probative of some matter requiring to be proved; and (2) that everything which is thus probative should come in, unless a clear ground of policy or law excludes it."2
Power performance and reliability of AlInAs/GaInAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors

AlInAs/GaInAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBT) combine the high-frequency performance advantages of the InP-based HBT technology with the high breakdown and low output conductance advantages of the GaAs-based HBT's. InP-based DHBT's reported here are composed of a wide bandgap AlInAs emitter, a GaInAs base, and a wide bandgap InP collector. The two heterojunctions are compositionally graded to smooth out the potential barriers at the heterointerfaces. We have used physical device modeling to analyze the device performance, particularly at high current densities. DHBT's have high Early voltages and are therefore suitable for analog circuit applications. In this paper we concentrate on the high breakdown property of this device technology for microwave power amplification. We have fabricated and characterized power cells with 240 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ emitter geometries. We measured power densities as high as 6 W/mm/sup 2/ on power cells biased at 11 V and power added efficiencies of 60% on power cells biased at 10 V for applications at X-band frequencies. For integrated circuit applications, DHBT's which are epitaxially grown with a gas-source MBE system exhibit stable current gain and turn-on voltage characteristics under bias and temperature stress. >
MD display: An interactive graphics program for visualization of molecular dynamics trajectories

MD Display was developed as a means of visualizing molecular dynamic trajectories generated by Amber. The program runs on Silicon Graphics workstations, and features a simple user interface, and convenient display and analysis options. The program has now been extended to accept input from several other molecular dynamics programs.
Monitoring of dye adsorption phenomena at a silica glass/water interface with total internal reflection coupled with a thermal lens effect

Thermal lens spectroscopy was combined with total internal reflectance spectroscopy to develop a novel, highly sensitive analytical method that can detect nonfluorescent as well as fluorescent analytes at surfaces and interfaces. It was verified that when the total internal reflection method is coupled with thermal lens spectroscopy (TIR-TLS), the thermal lens effect is induced by only the evanescent wave. The ability of depth profiling was shown. The detection limit of TIR-TLS was at an absorbance of 3.0 × 10-5 unit for Sudan II acetone solution, which is better than that of attenuated total reflection by a factor of hundreds. In addition, the adsorption of acridine orange on silanol groups on a glass surface could be monitored directly by TIR-TLS, and the adsorption isotherm agreed well with Langmuir's model. The dependence of surface density of anionic silanol groups on pH was determined by TIR-TLS measurements of aqueous acridine orange solutions buffered in the pH range between 2.7 and 11.5.
Does Delayed School Entry Reduce Later Grade Retentions and Use of Special Education Services

The practice of delaying children's entry into a kindergarten program 1 year beyond the traditional chronolgical age of their classmates is a controversial issue. although this practice has been said to reduce the need for grade retentions and special education services, the research literature has yielded contradictory results about the effects of delayed entry on students. the present study examined the effects of delayed entry in one suburban new york school district on later elementaryschool grade retention and special education service rates. in addition, the influence of gender on the practice of delayed entry was investigated. the sample for this study consisted of all students (n = 3,238) who were enrolled in grades 1 through 12; from this, a subsample of all children (n = 279) who had delayed school entry were identified, and their records were examined for future retentions and use of special education services. it was found that students who delayed school entry were most often male and were pl...
Specialized conservation of surface loops of myosin: evidence that loops are involved in determining functional characteristics.

Abstract The molecular motor myosin has been the focus of considerable structure-function analysis. Of key interest are the portions of the protein that control the rate of ATP hydrolysis, the affinity for actin, and the velocity at which myosin moves actin. Two regions that have been implicated in determining these parameters are the “loop” regions at the junctions of the 25 kDa and 50 kDa domains and the 50 kDa and 20 kDa domains of the protein. However, the sequences of these regions are poorly conserved between different myosin families, suggesting that they are not constrained evolutionarily, and thus are relatively unimportant for myosin function. In order to address this apparent incongruity, we have performed an analysis of relative rates of observed evolutionary change. We found that the sequences of these loop regions appear to be actually more constrained than the sequences of the rest of the myosin molecule, when myosins are compared that are known to be kinetically or developmentally similar. This suggests that these loop regions could play an important role in myosin function and supports the idea that they are involved in modulating the specific kinetic characteristics that functionally differentiate one myosin isoform from another. Apparently “unconserved” loops may generally play a role in determining kinetic properties of enzymes, and similar analyses of relative rates of evolution may prove useful for the study of structure-function relationships in other protein families.