cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WBC subset analysis of WBC-reduced platelet components.

BACKGROUND: WBC-reduced platelet components may be prepared by filtration or apheresis processing. Both methods have previously been shown to result in a residual total WBC content <5 × 106 per component. However, there may be differences in the efficacy of these techniques for removing certain WBC subsets. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two multiparameter flow cytometric assays were developed and validated to perform WBC analysis on WBC-reduced platelets collected with two apheresis instruments (Amicus and COBE Spectra) and on 6 units of filtered pooled random-donor platelet concentrates. RESULTS: All components contained <1 × 105 WBCs. The COBE Spectra and Amicus apheresis platelet components contained more WBCs than did filtered pooled platelets (p<0.05). Lymphocytes (T and B), monocytes, and granulocytes were identified in all components. Granulocyte content was lowest in the Amicus components and filtered pools. Monocytes were lowest in filtered pools. Amicus platelet components had fewer granulocytes and monocytes than the COBE Spectra platelets. Amicus and COBE Spectra components contained more lymphocytes than the filtered pools. CONCLUSION: Multiparameter flow cytometry can be used to quantify and characterize WBCs in WBC-reduced platelet components. WBC reduction by filtration or apheresis was highly effective. WBCs from each subset were identified in all components. Although filtered pools had the lowest numbers of WBCs, the very low numbers observed in all components suggests that the absolute quantitative differences in WBC subset content are of questionable clinical significance.
Popliteal fossa block

An understanding of the anatomy of the popliteal fossa is essential in order to successfully block the nerves of the lower extremity below the knee. The innervation of the lower extremity originates from the lumbar and sacral plexuses. The sciatic nerve, which is formed from the sacral plexus, innervates the hamstrings and all the muscles of the lower leg and foot. With one exception, the saphenous nerve, all the sensation of the lower leg is via branches of the sciatic nerve. In the past, all techniques for blocking nerves in the popliteal fossa involved the use of a stimulating needle and a nerve stimulator to elicit a characteristic dorsi or plantar flexion in the foot. However, recently interest has centered on the use of ultrasonic guidance to facilitate the placement of regional blocks. Needle guidance and block placement with ultrasound offers the following distinct advantages over all other techniques: precise location of nerves, avoidance of major vessels or organs, direct visualization of the needle and spread of the local anesthetic solution and to make peripheral blocks possible in the morbidly obese where landmarks are obscured. This manuscript provides detailed guidance in the use of ultrasound to facilitate the placement of the popliteal fossa block.
Synthesis and opiate receptor binding properties of 17-methyl-6,7-dehydro-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6,7:4′,5′-pyrimidinomorphinans

A class of opioid receptor active derivatives of oxymorphone has been synthesized using a common enaminone intermediate. The derivatives have heterocyclic groups fused to the 6,7-positions of the morphinan system and all were synthesized in high yield. A pyrazolo derivative is an agonist for the μ and δ receptors and an antagonist for the κ receptor.
Identifying the Critical Domain of LL-37 Involved in Mediating Neutrophil Activation in the Presence of Influenza Virus: Functional and Structural Analysis

The human cathelicidin LL-37 has been shown to play a role in host defense against influenza A viruses (IAV) through direct antiviral effects and through modulating inflammatory responses to infection. We recently showed that LL-37 increases neutrophil respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) responses to IAV through engaging formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR-2). In this paper we show that a fragment of LL-37, GI-20, which is composed of the central helical segment of the peptide, has similar effects as LL-37 on neutrophil activation. In addition to increasing respiratory burst and NET responses of the cells to IAV through an FPR-2 dependent mechanism, it reduces neutrophil IL-8 production to IAV (also like LL-37). The N-terminal fragment, LL-23, did not have similar effects. Both GI-20 and LL-37 increase neutrophil intracellular calcium levels and their ability to increase neutrophil activation responses was calcium dependent and partially inhibited by pertussis toxin. These studies show that the central helix of LL-37 retains the ability of LL-37 to modulate neutrophil responses through FPR-2. Based on our findings we developed a homology model of FPR-2 and performed docking experiments of LL-37 and GI-20 with the receptor.
CMOS bridging fault detection

The authors compare the performance of two test generation techniques, stuck fault testing and current testing, when applied to CMOS bridging faults. Accurate simulation of such faults mandated the development of several new design automation tools, including an analog-digital fault simulator. The results of this simulation are analyzed. It is shown that stuck fault test generation, while inherently incapable of directly expressing many of the likely CMOS faults, was still able to generate a set of effective test patterns. Current monitoring, however, by virtue of its more accurate model and less stringent detection criterion, was able to generate tests of measurably higher quality. It is concluded that the selection of one technique over the other becomes a cost tradeoff. Current testing produced test patterns that were consistently more effective in detecting bridging faults. This higher quality comes at higher start-up costs aid higher costs per chip design. >
A Bayesian perspective on some replacement strategies

In this paper we present a Bayesian decision theoretic approach for determining optimal replacement strategies. This approach enables us to formally incorporate, express, and update our uncertainty when determining optimal replacement strategies. We develop relevant expressions for both the block replacement protocol with minimal repair and the age replacement protocol and illustrate the use of our approach with real data.
Staphylococcus aureus α-Hemolysin Activates the NLRP3-Inflammasome in Human and Mouse Monocytic Cells

Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causes severe necrotizing infections of the skin, soft tissues, and lungs. Staphylococcal α-hemolysin is an essential virulence factor in mouse models of CA-MRSA necrotizing pneumonia. S. aureus α-hemolysin has long been known to induce inflammatory signaling and cell death in host organisms, however the mechanism underlying these signaling events were not well understood. Using highly purified recombinant α-hemolysin, we now demonstrate that α-hemolysin activates the Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family, pyrin domain containing 3 protein (NLRP3)-inflammasome, a host inflammatory signaling complex involved in responses to pathogens and endogenous danger signals. Non-cytolytic mutant α-hemolysin molecules fail to elicit NLRP3-inflammasome signaling, demonstrating that the responses are not due to non-specific activation of this innate immune signaling system by bacterially derived proteins. In monocyte-derived cells from humans and mice, inflammasome assembly in response to α-hemolysin results in activation of the cysteine proteinase, caspase-1. We also show that inflammasome activation by α-hemolysin works in conjunction with signaling by other CA-MRSA-derived Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Additionally, α-hemolysin induces cell death in these cells through an NLRP3-dependent program of cellular necrosis, resulting in the release of endogenous pro-inflammatory molecules, like the chromatin-associated protein, High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). These studies link the activity of a major S. aureus virulence factor to a specific host signaling pathway. The cellular events linked to inflammasome activity have clear relevance to the disease processes associated with CA-MRSA including tissue necrosis and inflammation.
Trace analysis of ethinyl estradiol in casein diet using gas chromatography with electron capture detection.

Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is an extremely potent synthetic estrogen and a common component in oral contraceptives. The drug has a wellcharacterized pharmacological profile and is used as a positive control in toxicological investigations of compounds having estrogenic activity. An analytical method developed for the determination of low µg/kg levels of EE 2 in a casein-based rodent diet is presented. A methanol extract of casein diet is purified for instrumental analysis by a 3-fold solid-phase extraction process. The sample extract is derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride to the pentafluoropropionyl product and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Recoveries of EE 2 from casein diet fortified at 5, 10, and 50 µg/kg average 88.8% and have a relative standard deviation (%) of 7.2. The method limit of detection in a casein-based diet is 1 µg/kg.
Interactive software for undergraduate electromagnetics

To demonstrate the relationship between physical reality and the equations used in electromagnetics, the authors have created interactive software using Mathematica with its notebook capability. The software is composed of different notebooks, each covering a specific topic, which are collectively called EM Notebooks. The notebooks are used in a workstation laboratory of 12 NeXT computers in conjunction with two required junior-level courses in electromagnetics. Each notebook consists of text, equations, and graphics. The equations are Mathematica commands that are used to evaluate electromagnetic formulas found in a typical undergraduate electromagnetics textbook. Equation parameters can be changed by a student permitting examination of an unlimited number of examples. In addition, much of the graphics can be animated. The animations provide a pedagogic tool unavailable in traditional textbooks. EM Notebooks must be used on a computer that runs Mathematica with the notebook facility. >
Information theory meets game theory on the interference channel

We consider a game theoretic model for two users communicating over an interference channel, in which each user can autonomously select its encoding and decoding strategy with the objective of maximizing its own rate. We give an information theoretic formulation for this game, which enables us to define a Nash equilibrium region that is a natural extension of the information theoretic capacity region of this channel. In previous work, we completely characterized this Nash equilibrium region for a deterministic interference channel model. Here, we show that certain properties of this analysis extend to a Gaussian channel model. In particular, we show that for a symmetric channel, the symmetric sum-rate point is always achieved as an approximate equilibrium.
HUGH HAMMOND BENNETT, 1881–1960

(1960). HUGH HAMMOND BENNETT, 1881–1960. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 506-507.
Wideband high dynamic range distortion measurement

This paper presents an intermodulation distortion measurement system based on automated feedfoward cancellation that achieves 95 dB of broadband dynamic range. A single tone cancellation formula is developed requiring only the power of the probing signal and the power of the combined probe and cancellation signal to predict the required phase shift for cancellation. This formula is applied to a two path feedfoward cancellation system, combined with the DUT probe path in a bridge configuration. The dynamic range and cancellation capabilities of this system are confirmed by measuring the passive intermodulation distortion generated by a low PIM microwave chip termination. The cancellation method extends the intermodulation distortion measurement dynamic range by at least 20 dB.
Animal welfare in poultry production systems: impact of EU standards on world trade

Animal welfare receives more legislative attention in the European Union (EU) than in many other regions of the world. Animal welfare standards for poultry are generally taken to be higher in the E...
Experimental and Computational Investigations of Separation and Transition on a Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine Airfoil: Part 2 — High Freestream Turbulence Intensity

Boundary layer separation, transition and reattachment have been studied on a very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil. Experiments were done under high (4%) freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Velocity profiles were acquired in the suction side boundary layer at several streamwise locations using hot-wire anemometry. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) ranging from 25,000 to 300,000. At the lowest Reynolds number the boundary layer separated and did not reattach, in spite of transition in the separated shear layer. At higher Reynolds numbers the boundary layer did reattach, and the separation bubble became smaller as Re increased. High freestream turbulence increased the thickness of the separated shear layer, resulting in a thinner separation bubble. This effect resulted in reattachment at intermediate Reynolds numbers, which was not observed at the same Re under low freestream turbulence conditions. Numerical simulations were performed using an unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) code with both a shear stress transport k-ω model and a 4 equation shear stress transport Transition model. Both models correctly predicted separation and reattachment (if it occurred) at all Reynolds numbers. The Transition model generally provided better quantitative results, correctly predicting velocities, pressure, and separation and transition locations. The model also correctly predicted the difference between high and low freestream turbulence cases.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Comprehensive mass modeling of the Moon from spectrally correlated free-air and terrain gravity data

[1] A lunar crust-to-core mass model for the region ±64° latitude was developed using gravity components evaluated from available spherical harmonic gravity and topographic field models that include Lunar Prospector, Clementine, and earlier satellite observations. Terrain gravity effects were computed at 100-km altitude in spherical coordinates from 1° topography (GLTM 2) by Gauss-Legendre quadrature integration. Corresponding free-air gravity anomalies (LP75G) were spectrally correlated with the terrain effects to differentiate the terrain-correlated and terrain-decorrelated free-air components. The absence of correlation between these free-air components was interpreted for a Moho that may involve over 120 km of relief, assuming the lunar crust was mainly compensated by its thickness variations. Lacking the strong regional gravity effects of the terrain, the terrain-decorrelated anomalies may be interpreted for their subcrustal components on the basis of their correlation spectrum with the free-air anomalies. Inversions of the subcrustal anomalies inferred boundary undulations for the core-mantle, asthenosphere-lithosphere, and middle-upper mantle that are remarkably correlated with surface impacts. The elevated core topography revealed beneath the Procellarum basin is consistent with the uplifting effects of the Imbrium impact and the development of the great lunar hotspot. Topographic undulations inferred for the lower and middle mantle reflect the dichotomized thermal evolution of the lunar near and far sides during bombardment time. On the nearside the results support the development of relatively thinner and hotter lithosphere by mantle convection that facilitated the diapiric rise of magma and mare flooding of the basins. For the farside the results favor the development of thicker and cooler lithosphere by viscous entrainment of lower density material into the lower mantle that limited basin flooding.
Unusual Entropy of Adsorbed Methane on Zeolite-Templated Carbon

Methane adsorption at high pressures and across a wide range of temperatures was investigated on the surface of three porous carbon adsorbents with complementary structural properties. The measured adsorption equilibria were analyzed using a method that can accurately account for nonideal fluid properties and distinguish between absolute and excess quantities of adsorption, and that also allows the direct calculation of the thermodynamic potentials relevant to adsorption. On zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC), a material that exhibits extremely high surface area with optimal pore size and homogeneous structure, methane adsorption occurs with unusual thermodynamic properties that are greatly beneficial for deliverable gas storage: an enthalpy of adsorption that increases with site occupancy, and an unusually low entropy of the adsorbed phase. The origin of these properties is elucidated by comparison of the experimental results with a statistical mechanical model. The results indicate that temperature-dependen...
Putting sleep apnea to rest. Tailored therapy reduces fatigue-related risks.

Sleep apnea, the periodic cessation of breathing during sleep, is a common and underdiagnosed condition. Treatment can improve quality of life as well as reduce morbidity and mortality from sleep apnea-related hypertension, stroke, and traffic accidents. In this article, the authors discuss types of sleep apnea, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies for both adults and children. Language: en
Effects of selected chemical treatments on spore germination of ascosphaera aggregata ascosphaerales

Alfalfa leafcutting bee larvae become infected with chalk brood via the gut. Chemotherapy requires that any chemical used systemically as a fungicide must be non-lethal to the developing bee. The objective of this study was to determine if components of a chemical formulation patented in Romania for honeybee chalkbrood are fungicidal or inhibitory toward the alfalfa leafcutting bee chalkbrood in vitro. The fungicide contains 0.075 parts methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (methyl paraben), 0.300 parts sodium benzoate, 0.300 parts sodium salicylate, 1.00 part sodium bisulfite, and 8,325.00 parts sucrose. The combined chemicals without sucrose were fungicidal to Ascosphaera aggregata in vitro at a concentration of 0.30%. Methyl paraben was totally effective at 0.06%, sodium benzoate at 0.20%, sodium salicylate at 0.06%, and sodium bisulfite at 0.08%. Sucrose was not tested.
Influence of Vision and Olfaction on the Homing Ability of the White-Footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis)

In order to assess the relative importance of vision and olfaction to orientation, white-footed mice were removed from a 4.8 ha wooded area during a 9-month period, blinded by bisection of the optic nerve or made anosmic by nasal injections of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) while being retained in the laboratory for 6 days, and then released at two locations at opposite corners of the study area. Controls were left intact or were nasally injected with saline. Prior to release both ZnSO4 injected and saline injected mice were tested in an olfactometer. This provided evidence that ZnSO4 treated mice had significantly poorer olfactory discrimination ability than saline injected animals and did not respond differently than expected by chance in an olfactory discrimination test. The percentages of intact, blind, anosmic, and saline injected mice which homed did not differ significantly from each other. Experience (previous release) at a release site increased the percentage of homing. Homing success was distance dependent and the homing percentage was greater from one release site than the other. Blind mice had a significantly poorer ( P < 0.05) survival during the 6 days subsequent to release than mice of the other treatments, whereas the latter did not differ significantly among themselves.
Reagent delivery by partial coalescence and noncoalescence of aqueous microdroplets in oil.

Reagent delivery constitutes a key step for reaction initiation in droplet-in-oil microfluidic platforms. Currently, this function is performed by complete fusion of a reagent droplet with the reactor droplet. The full coalescence, however, constrains the lower limit of volume delivery because reproducible droplet generation becomes exceedingly difficult as the reagent droplet volume is decreased. Here, we demonstrate fractional volume delivery based on partially coalescent and noncoalescent droplet collisions as a new reagent delivery mechanism. A charged reagent droplet is generated by pulsing a flow carrying needle to high voltage. The charged droplet is directed toward a grounded reactor droplet. Upon collision, the reagent droplet inverts its charge and is pulled away from the reactor droplet prior to full fusion, injecting only a fraction of its volume. The undelivered portion of the reagent drop is then merged with a collector droplet. We demonstrate that a wide range of fractional injections (0.00...
Use of Fibrin Glue as an Adjunct in the Repair of Lingual Nerve Injury: Case Report

This report describes a case of lingual nerve injury repair using a novel technique in which Tisseel fibrin glue was used to stabilize an Axoguard nerve conduit placed around the site of primary neurorrhaphy to decrease the number of sutures required for stabilization. Five months postoperatively, the patient subjectively had increased sensation and improved taste in the left lingual nerve distribution. At neurosensory examination, the patient exhibited functional neurosensory recovery (S3+ on the Medical Research Council Scale).
A calcified superficial temporal artery to posterior cerebral artery bypass mimicking occlusion.

Several papers [1-4] have suggested that a unilateral hyperdense middle cerebral artery (MCA) on CT may be the earliest sign of vessel occlusion. We report a case in which a superficial temporal artery (STA) bypass that appeared dense on CT was proved patent by angiography
Epidemiological investigation on three strains of brucella

Objective To do epidemiological investigation of three isolated strains of brucella. Methods We introduced the epidemiology and laboratory assay for 3 strains to carry out a more detailed survey. Results The 3 strains were brucella melitensis biotype 3. The patients with 2 strains of brucella were acute brucellosis, 1 strain of brucella from aborted lamb. There was an association of brucellosis infection and occupation. Conclusion It has been proved that the situation is serious from etiology. And there is an increasing trend of outbreak of brucellosis in Qinghai Province.
Differential Effects of Cultivation Mode and Soil Bulk Density on Brown Soil Enzyme Activities

The study was conducted with brown soil(0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) in Shenyang agricultural university experimental station in order to research effecting mechanism of turnover,no-tillage,totary tillage on growth of maize's root.With pot experiment,it researched the impacts of different soil bulk density and sample from different soil layers on enzyme activities(polyphenol oxidase,catalase,acid phosphatase,urease,invertase).The results showed that the influence of different soil layers and different bulk density on soil enzymatic activity were distinct(P0.01).Enzyme activity decreased when soil bulk density increased(compared to 1.2 g/cm3,activities of enzyme of 1.4 g/cm3 and 1.6 g/cm3 lowered respectively in different degree),and effect of bulk densities were lower on the surface soil than substrate.In most cases,the conservation tillage soil polyphenol oxidase,urease,phosphatase,invertase activities were higher than turnover soil in corresponding soil layers and growth stage,at the same time,turnover soil catalase activities were significantly higher than no-tillage treatment at middle-stratum soil layers.
Telehealth Technologies in Evidence-Based Psychotherapy

Abstract Interest in using technology to improve access to mental health services has grown rapidly over the past decade. One option for improving access is through the use of video telecommunication, or telehealth, technologies in treatment. This chapter will first provide a review of the literature on the use of telehealth technologies to deliver evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs), particularly highlighting recent advances that have taken place regarding the use of telehealth and related technology in the treatment of anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive symptoms, and suicidality, as well as eating disorders. Second, practice recommendations will be presented for mental health providers seeking to use telehealth technologies, as well as a discussion of future directions for telehealth practices. Overall, telehealth practices are becoming widespread in the delivery of evidence-based psychotherapy, and research supports the conclusion that telehealth can be accepted as nearly equivalent in effectiveness to traditional in-person treatment. However, it is important that standard logistical and clinical adjustments are implemented consistently when utilizing these technologies in clinical practice, to ensure that treatment effectiveness is maintained. Furthermore, as Internet and mobile technologies continue to rapidly evolve in accessibility, capability, and affordability, it is crucial that research begin to examine when, in what settings, and for whom, telehealth services are most warranted.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Polymorphic Nodal Lymphoproliferative Disorder Presenting as Recurrent Fever and Scrotal Swelling: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with the development of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). Adults rarely develop systemic EBV-positive LPDs. We report a case of EBV-associated LPD presenting as recurrent scrotal swelling and fever for over nearly 30 years in an immunocompetent adult. A 64-year-old Caucasian male presented with generalized weakness, myalgia and fever associated with scrotal swelling and bilateral groin pain. He reported that these symptoms have recurred yearly for the past 30 years, lasting 1 - 2 days each. Systemic examination was normal except genital exam positive for scrotal swelling without tenderness and bilateral tender inguinal lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography (CT) scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis showed bilateral lymphadenopathy along external iliac chains and groins. Histopathological examination showed EBV-associated LPD and patient was started on rituximab. EBV is known to persist as a lifelong low-level infection in memory B cells of normal healthy carriers. Our patient’s disease course over three decades is likely secondary to this property, in the setting of an intact immune system. J Med Cases. 2016;7(8):354-357 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2579w
Heliotropic Orbits with Zonal Gravity and Shadow Perturbations: Application at Bennu

Heliotropic orbits provide long-lifetime low-altitude orbits in the presence of large J2 and solar radiation pressure perturbations. Formal inclusion of high-degree zonal gravity harmonics and simple shadowing provides a more realistic model to initiate the search for heliotropic orbits at irregular primitive bodies like Bennu, which is the target of the OSIRIS-Rex mission. The constrained, doubly averaged potential and the Lagrange planetary equations yield a single equation to enforce the heliotropic constraint. The equation is solved for inclinations across a range of semimajor axes and eccentricities, providing a surface of potential solutions. The fast process allows for Monte Carlo simulations to assess the likelihood of a heliotropic orbit existing in the presence of parameter uncertainty. The existence of heliotropic orbits is shown to be reasonably robust to uncertainty in the solar radiation pressure acceleration and reference gravity parameters for Bennu.
A four-part working bibliography of neuroethics: part 3 - "second tradition neuroethics" - ethical issues in neuroscience.

Neuroethics describes several interdisciplinary topics exploring the application and implications of engaging neuroscience in societal contexts. To explore this topic, we present Part 3 of a four-part bibliography of neuroethics’ literature focusing on the “ethics of neuroscience.” To complete a systematic survey of the neuroethics literature, 19 databases and 4 individual open-access journals were employed. Searches were conducted using the indexing language of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). A Python code was used to eliminate duplications in the final bibliography. This bibliography consists of 1137 papers, 56 books, and 134 book chapters published from 2002 through 2014, covering ethical issues in neuroimaging, neurogenetics, neurobiomarkers, neuro-psychopharmacology, brain stimulation, neural stem cells, neural tissue transplants, pediatric-specific issues, dual-use, and general neuroscience research issues. These works contain explanations of recent research regarding neurotechnology, while exploring ethical issues in future discoveries and use.
Relationship of tympanic and temporal temperature modalities to core temperature in pediatric surgical patients

Temperature monitoring is a standard of anesthesia care as listed in Standard V of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Standards of Nurse Anesthesia Practice. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine which temperature modality (tympanic vs temporal) best correlates with pediatric surgical patients' core rectal temperature. Data were from a sample of 106 intraoperative pediatric surgical patients with ASA physical classification 1 or 2 who were scheduled for elective surgical procedures. Findings from this study support that tympanic temperature correlates more to core rectal temperature both before (Pearson r = 0.36 vs 0.16) and after surgery (Pearson r = 0.57 vs 0.33) and had less bias with core rectal temperature (r = -0.37 vs -0.55) than temporal temperature. Multiple regression analyses further supported tympanic temperature as the best predictor of core rectal temperature both before surgery (R² = 0.17, R²adj = 0.13, F(5, 100) = 4.18, P = .0007) and after surgery (R² = 0.34, R²adj = 0 .30, F(7, 99) = 7.47, P = .001). Although generalizations are limited beyond this study population, the findings add support to recommend tympanic temperature as the temperature modality of choice in the pediatric surgical population.
A Compact, Capacitively Fed UWB Antenna With Monopole-Like Radiation Characteristics

A compact, ultrawideband (UWB) antenna occupying a cylindrical volume and providing omnidirectional monopole-like radiation is introduced. The antenna consists of two closely placed 3-D loops, two parasitic small loops, and a circular top hat. Two strip-shaped probes, each coupling with one loop, are used to feed the antenna in common mode. UWB operation is achieved by taking advantage of the magnetic coupling of the parallel-fed 3-D loops. Small electrical dimensions of the antenna are due to the special capacitive proximity feeding scheme and the presence of the top hat. A prototype with 4.1:1 bandwidth is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The antenna demonstrates a VSWR better than 2:1 and monopole-like omnidirectional radiation characteristics across this entire band. It occupies a cylindrical volume with a diameter of $0.14\lambda _{\mathrm{min}}$ and a height of $0.09\lambda _{\mathrm{min}}$ , where $\lambda _{\mathrm{min}}$ is the free-space wavelength at the lowest frequency of operation. The antenna has a $k_{\mathrm{min}}a = 0.73$ , where $k_{\mathrm{min}}$ is the wavenumber at its lowest frequency of operation. The fabricated prototype is demonstrated to have a lowest frequency of operation that is only 10% above the theoretical limits on UWB antennas. Further miniaturization of the antenna using a spherical top hat is also examined and demonstrated to be capable of reducing $k_{\mathrm{min}}a$ values down to 0.60.
Environmental Politics in the American South: The Fight over the Tennessee- Tombigbee Waterway

In the 1960s and 1970s, public concern about quality of life issues in the United States, expressed most aggressively through the environmental movement, did not spread equally to all regions of the country. Samuel P. Hays has remarked that "New England and the Pacific Coast were among the leading sectors of change, whereas the South moved much more slowly."' However, by the end of the 1970s no region had shown a greater increase in environmental voting strength in Congress than the South Atlantic and Gulf states.2 If most states in the American South lacked large, influential, and well-funded regional environmental organizations in 1970, there was no corresponding shortage of environmental problems, such as the challenges associated with local agricultural, mining, industrial, or engineering practices. The Tennessee-Tombigbee (Tenn-Tom) Waterway, which eventually cut through Mississippi and Alabama, included most representative environmental issues in its construction.3
On the mechanical stability of the body-centered cubic phase and the emergence of a metastable cI16 phase in classical hard sphere solids

The stability of the body-centered cubic (bcc) solid phase of classical hard spheres is of intrinsic interest and is also relevant to the development of perturbation theories for bcc solids of other model systems. Using canonical ensemble Monte Carlo, we simulated systems initialized in a perfect bcc lattice at various densities in the solid region. We observed that the systems rapidly evolved into one of four structures that then persisted for the duration of the simulation. Remarkably, one of these structures was identified as cI16, a cubic crystalline structure with 16 particles in the unit cell, which has recently been observed experimentally in lithium and sodium solids at high pressures. The other three structures do not exhibit crystalline order but are characterized by common patterns in the radial distribution function and bond-orientational order parameter distribution; we refer to them as bcc-di, with i ranging from 1 to 3. We found similar outcomes when employing any of the three single occupa...
A Parent’s Perceptions of Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence:

The inclusion of parental perspectives in research on physical and emotional sibling violence has been minimal, with parents of various ethnic backgrounds being particularly absent from the literat...
Genoa, Liguria, and the Regional Development of Medieval Public Debt

Genoa has long been noted as one of the earliest cities to develop a consolidated public debt. Genoa’s compere, or public debt, have often been deployed in long-term narratives of change to political economy and cited by social scientists. However, they are best understood as the product of regional political and economic dynamics specific to the late middle ages rather than abstract relationships between sovereign and creditor or warfare and state borrowing.
Estimating MA Parameters through Factorization of the Autocovariance Matrix and an MA‐Sieve Bootstrap

A new method to estimate the moving‐average (MA) coefficients of a stationary time series is proposed. The new approach is based on the modified Cholesky factorization of a consistent estimator of the autocovariance matrix. Convergence rates are established, and the new estimates are used to implement an MA‐type sieve bootstrap. Finite‐sample simulations corroborate the good performance of the proposed methodology.
“Now we know”: resurgences of Hawaiian independence

ABSTRACTIn this essay, I provide a brief overview of the Hawaiian independence movement and discuss resurgences of independence discourse among activists, artists and other grassroots Kanaka Maoli ...
A systematic review of activities at a high-volume ethics consultation service

We describe the ethics consultation service (ECS) at the Cleveland Clinic and report on its activities over a 24-month period in which 478 consultations were performed.To our knowledge, this is the largest case series of ethics consultations reported to date. Established more than 25 years ago, the ECS at the Cleveland Clinic is staffed by multiple consultants with advanced training in bioethics. Several of these ethicists work closely with specialized clinical units and research departments, where they participate in multidisciplinary meetings and provide specialized assistance. This combination of historical experience, large numbers of consultation requests, and specialized clinical ethicists suggests that the experience at the Cleveland Clinic may be helpful to ethicists and others who may be considering how to structure and sustain a vibrant ECS. Our results highlight the diversity of activities performed by a high-volume ECS at a tertiary care facility. Our hope in sharing the inner workings of the ECS at the Cleveland Clinic is to promote dialogue on common practices and approaches across medical institutions that support ethics consultation.
Three-Dimensional Transport Model for Intravitreal and Suprachoroidal Drug Injection.

Purpose Quantitative understanding of the transport of therapeutic macromolecules following intraocular injections is critical for the design of efficient strategies in treating eye diseases, such as neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and macular edema (ME). Antiangiogenic treatments, such as neutralizing antibodies against VEGF or recently characterized antiangiogenic peptides, have shown promise in slowing disease progression. Methods We developed a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) transport model for intraocular injections using published data on drug distribution in rabbit eyes following intravitreal and suprachoroidal (SC) injection of sodium fluorescein (SF), bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. The model then was applied to evaluate the distribution of small molecules and antiangiogenic proteins following intravitreal and SC injections in human eyes. Results The model predicts that intravitreally administered molecules are substantially mixed within the vitreous following injection, and that the long-term behavior of the injected drug does not depend on the initial mixing. Ocular pharmacokinetics of different drugs is sensitive to different clearance mechanisms. Effective retinal drug delivery is impacted by RPE permeability. For VEGF antibody, intravitreal injection provides sustained delivery to the retina, whereas SC injection provides more efficient, but short-lived, retinal delivery for smaller-sized molecules. Long-term suppression of neovascularization through SC administration of antiangiogenic drugs necessitates frequent injection or sustained delivery, such as microparticle-based delivery of antiangiogenic peptides. Conclusions A comprehensive 3D model for intravitreal and SC drug injection is developed to provide a framework and platform for testing drug delivery routes and sustained delivery devices for new and existing drugs.
A Single-session Crisis Intervention Therapy Model for Emergency Psychiatry

Presentations for anxiety and depression constitute the fastest growing category of mental health diagnoses seen in emergency departments (EDs). Even non-psychiatric clinicians must be prepared to provide psychotherapeutic interventions for these patients, just as they might provide motivational interviewing for a patient with substance use disorders. This case report of an 18-year-old woman with suicidal ideation illustrates the practicality and utility of a brief, single-session, crisis intervention model that facilitated discharge from the ED. This report will help practitioners to apply this model in their own practice and identify patients who may require psychiatric hospitalization.
Using affinity diagramming to generate a codebook: a case study on young military veterans and community reintegration:

Use of a codebook to categorize meaning units is a well-known research strategy in qualitative inquiry. However, methodology for the creation of a codebook in practice is not standardized, and spec...
An Investigation of the Effect of Time Exposure of Nonthermal Plasma on the Optical Properties of CdO Thin Film Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

The optical properties of pure (CdO) films have been studied through the measuring of the absorbance spectrum and transmittance spectrum using (UV-VIS) spectrometer within the range of wavelengths (310-1100) nm, and the results showed that the electronic transitions of pure (CdO) films prepared have allowed direct transition type, and the optical energy gap type was identified and was direct energy gap and it was found that the value of the energy gap decreases when the deposition time increases by using (Nd:YAG) laser, and it was also found that the energy gap decreases by the increase of the exposure time to non-thermal plasma. It was observed that the increase of laser deposition time leads to the decrease of the absorbance before the exposure to non-thermal plasma, but the absorbance increases by the increase of the exposure to non-thermal plasma. Absorption Coefficient was also calculated and its value was higher than (α > 104 cm-1) in the high absorption region.
ACIP Approves 2020 Adult and Childhood/Adolescent Immunization Schedules

The 2020 adult and childhood/adolescent immunization schedules have been approved by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Phase II Dose Selection for Alpha Synuclein–Targeting Antibody Cinpanemab (BIIB054) Based on Target Protein Binding Levels in the Brain

This modeling and simulation analysis was aimed at selecting doses of cinpanemab (BIIB054), a monoclonal antibody targeting aggregated α-synuclein, for a phase II study in Parkinson's disease (PD). Doses and regimens were proposed based on anticipated target concentration in brain interstitial fluid (ISF); in vitro/in vivo data on the affinity of monoclonal antibodies to the target protein; and safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data (1-135 mg/kg intravenous administration) from a phase I single ascending dose (SAD) study. A population pharmacokinetic modeling approach was used to select intravenous doses of 250, 1,250, and 3,500 mg every 4 weeks, to maintain 50%, 90%, and > 90% of target binding in ISF of PD participants. A favorable safety profile from the SAD study-which showed that cinpanemab was generally well-tolerated at doses up to 90 mg/kg, supported by modeling and simulations of the anticipated safety margins-allowed implementation of a fixed-dose approach.
Comparative Genomic Study of Lactobacillus jensenii and the Newly Defined Lactobacillus mulieris Species Identifies Species-Specific Functionality.

ABSTRACT Lactobacilli are dominant members of the “healthy” female urogenital microbiota. One of these species, Lactobacillus jensenii, is routinely identified in the urinary microbiota of women both with and without urinary tract symptoms. In March 2020, the new bacterial species Lactobacillus mulieris was introduced, and phylogenetic and average nucleotide identity analysis identified eight L. jensenii strains that should be classified as members of the L. mulieris species. This prompted our phylogenomic study of all publicly available L. jensenii and L. mulieris genome sequences. While there is little variation in the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the core genome shows a clear distinction between genomes of the two species. We find eight additional strains of the species L. mulieris among these genomes. Furthermore, one strain, currently classified as L. mulieris UMB7784, is distinct from both L. jensenii and L. mulieris strains. As part of our comparative genomic study, we also investigated the genetic content that distinguishes these two species. Unique to the L. jensenii genomes are several genes related to catabolism of disaccharides. In contrast, L. mulieris genomes encode several cell surface and secreted proteins that are not found within the L. jensenii genomes. These L. jensenii-specific and L. mulieris-specific loci provide insight into phenotypic differences of these two species. IMPORTANCELactobacillus species play a key role in the health of the urinary tract. For instance, Lactobacillus crispatus and L. jensenii have been found to inhibit uropathogenic Escherichia coli growth. While L. crispatus is typically found only within the microbiota of women without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), L. jensenii has been found in the microbiota of women both with and without LUTS. With the recent introduction of the new species Lactobacillus mulieris, several strains of L. jensenii were reclassified as L. mulieris based upon gene marker and average nucleotide identity. We took a phylogenomic and comparative genomic approach to ascertain the genetic determinants of these two species. Looking at a larger data set, we identified additional L. mulieris strains, including one distinct from other members of the species—L. mulieris UMB7784. Furthermore, we identified unique loci in each species that may have clinical implications.
Benign breast papillomas without atypia diagnosed with core needle biopsy: Outcome of surgical excision and imaging follow-up.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the surgical upgrade rate to malignancy and high-risk lesions in cases of papilloma without atypia diagnosed with imaging-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) and to determine whether any lesion imaging features, biopsy techniques, and pathological factors can predict lesion upgrade to help guide clinical management. Materials and methods Benign papillomas without atypia (n = 399) diagnosed with CNB were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical upgrade rate to malignancy or high-risk lesion (atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in-situ, flat epithelial atypia and atypical papilloma) was determined. Detection modality (i.e. mammography, ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), lesion type and size, biopsy-guidance modality (US, stereotactic, MRI), biopsy needle size ( Results Ultrasound was the predominant biopsy modality (78.4 %, p Conclusion Upgrade to malignancy of biopsy-proven benign papillomas without atypia at the time of surgery was sufficiently low (2.1 %) to support non-operative management. Surgery may be performed for selected cases- those with larger lesion size and those whose biopsies were performed with smaller spring-loaded biopsy needles.
Immigrants, Crime, and the American Dream: Testing a Segmented Assimilation Theory of Crime.

The immigrant-crime relationship is often misunderstood and highly complex. To date, criminological research has largely ignored theory testing of this relationship. This paper examines the extant ...
Materialising semiotic repertoires: challenges in the interactional analysis of multilingual communication

This article takes the inquiry into semiotic repertoires beyond their classifications and inventories to analyse their interactions with each other and the way they gain indexicality in situated communication. As previous theorisation suggests that semiotic repertoires are deployed by agentive individuals, this article draws from New Materialism to focus on how social agents, semiotic repertoires, and material ecologies work together in distributed practice for meaning making. Expanding sociolinguistic constructs for this purpose, the article defines the relevant units and objects of analysis, and illustrates the framing of activities in indexing the values, meanings, and relationships of semiotic repertoires. The role of these repertoires in the interaction of an international community of scientists is analysed through the research group meeting of a team of microbiologists. The article demonstrates that though the focal participant from Korea claims limited English grammatical proficiency in his personal repertoire, he draws strategically from the repertoires in the physical setting and those of his disciplinary community to communicate successfully.