cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Drosophila insulin receptor homolog: a gene essential for embryonic development encodes two receptor isoforms with different signaling potential.

Abstract We report the cloning and primary structure of the Drosophila insulin receptor gene (inr), functional expression of the predicted polypeptide, and the isolation of mutations in the inr locus. Our data indicate that the structure and processing of the Drosophila insulin proreceptor are somewhat different from those of the mammalian insulin and IGF 1 receptor precursors. The INR proreceptor (M(r) 280 kDa) is processed proteolytically to generate an insulin-binding alpha subunit (M(r) 120 kDa) and a beta subunit (M(r) 170 kDa) with protein tyrosine kinase domain. The INR beta 170 subunit contains a novel domain at the carboxyterminal side of the tyrosine kinase, in the form of a 60 kDa extension which contains multiple potential tyrosine autophosphorylation sites. This 60 kDa C-terminal domain undergoes cell-specific proteolytic cleavage which leads to the generation of a total of four polypeptides (alpha 120, beta 170, beta 90 and a free 60 kDa C-terminus) from the inr gene. These subunits assemble into mature INR receptors with the structures alpha 2(beta 170)2 or alpha 2(beta 90)2. Mammalian insulin stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of both types of beta subunits, which in turn allows the beta 170, but not the beta 90 subunit, to bind directly to p85 SH2 domains of PI-3 kinase. It is likely that the two different isoforms of INR have different signaling potentials. Finally, we show that loss of function mutations in the inr gene, induced by either a P-element insertion occurring within the predicted ORF, or by ethylmethane sulfonate treatment, render pleiotropic recessive phenotypes that lead to embryonic lethality. The activity of inr appears to be required in the embryonic epidermis and nervous system among others, since development of the cuticle, as well as the peripheral and central nervous systems are affected by inr mutations.
Balls in Rk do not cut all subsets of k + 2 points

Abstract For any set E cf k + 2 points in k k, k = 1, 2,…, not all subsets of E are of the form B ∩ E where E is a ball.
Strategies in Patients with Other Molecular Alterations

The paradigm of lung cancer treatment has rapidly changed in the last 10 years thanks to the introduction of molecularly tailored drugs, especially for lung adenocarcinoma. After the successes obtained with target agents in the treatment of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement positive patients, a number of new molecular markers have been identified, such as HER2 aberrations, MET and FGFR1 amplification, BRAF and DDR2 mutations, and others. A molecular driver may be identified in up to 60 % of adenocarcinoma, whereas biological knowledge of squamous cell carcinoma is at an earlier stage and a targetable alteration may be found in only 30 % of cases. Most of the molecular changes display low frequency (<5 %) but may represent appealing actionable targets for therapy. Drugs already approved for use in other tumors and novel agents are currently being explored in molecularly selected subcategories of lung cancer, such as neratinib in HER2 mutated patients or dabrafenib in subjects bearing BRAF mutation. Initial results of clinical studies and reports are promising and allow to envision a brighter future for research and treatment of lung cancer.
Attitude of gratitude: exploring the implementation of a gratitude intervention with college athletes.

This study explored the implementation of a 90-min Attitude of Gratitude workshop among 51 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Levels of state gratitude, psycholog...
The Practice of the Lord’s Supper in 1 Corinthians 11:17–34 as a Socio-Religious Ritual Failure:

This paper attempts to understand the abuses of the Lord’s Supper in the Corinthian church (1 Cor 11:17–34) from the perspective of ritual theory. Analyzing the abuses of the Lord’s Supper by using...
A new fuel modeling capability, CTFFuel, with a case study on the fuel thermal conductivity degradation

Abstract A new fuel modeling capability, CTFFuel, is developed from the subchannel code, CTF. This code is a standalone interface to the CTF fuel rod models, allowing for fuel rod simulations to be run independently from the fluid. This paper provides an overview of the code with a case study on the thermal conductivity degradation of LWR fuels to demonstrate its capabilities. The modeling of fuel thermal conductivity degradation in the code is improved through the addition of new modeling options to account for the irradiation effects via globally defined parameters. After the initial implementation, a variety of order-of-accuracy tests and code comparisons are performed to test software quality. A controlled analysis is allowed by CTFFuel to verify the numerical scheme of CTF’s conduction solution and to benchmark its fuel temperature predictions against FRAPCON-4.0’s. Overall, the software quality and verification procedure ensures that the new model is coded correctly, that it properly interacts with the rest of the code.
CONTEMPORARY OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION INTERVENTIONS FOR IN-STENT RESTENOSIS OCCLUSIONS: UPDATE FROM AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER REGISTRY

Chronic total occlusions due to in-stent restenosis (ISR-CTOs) can be challenging to recanalize. We examined the incidence, clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics of ISR-CTOs among 3,747 CTO PCIs performed in 3,667 patients at 23 centers internationally. Mean age was 64±10 years
REMEDI central — expanding and sustaining a medical device community

Abstract The Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering (RCHE), an interdisciplinary research center located at Purdue University, facilitated the development of a science community for medical device informatics, known as Regenstrief National Center for Medical Device Informatics (REMEDI). The community uses an online science gateway called REMEDI Central for a variety of data analytic and collaboration activities. Formed in 2009, REMEDI is an evidence-based community of practice, initially focused on smart pump technology and infusion therapy safety. REMEDI is a virtual community of pharmacists, nurses, other clinicians, infusion pump vendors, researchers, and national organizations such as the American Association of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). In 2017, in response to a need identified by AAMI, REMEDI expanded its scope to include new applications, databases, and community engagement spaces for respiratory therapists, nurses, and ventilator vendors. In 2018, the REMEDI project started analyzing new sustainable funding models with a funding model implemented in 2019. In this paper, we reflect on the virtual community’s growth and the successful implementation of a sustainable business model, which is an approach other science gateways might consider.
Marcelo dascal and the literal meaning debates

What role does literal meaning play in people’s understanding of indirect and figurative language? Scholars from many disciplines have debated this issue forseveral decades. This chapter describes these debates, especially focusing on the arguments between the author and Marcelo Dascal. I suggest that Dascal’s defense of “moderate literalism” may have some validity, contrary to some of my earlier arguments against this point of view. The chapter acknowledges the strong contribution that Marcelo Dascal has made to interdisciplinary discussions on language and thought.
Abstract I08: Molecular subtypes - bench to bedside

Recent treatment advances in chemotherapy and targeted therapy regimens have provided pancreatic cancer patients and providers with better options. Molecular subtyping for pancreatic cancer has made substantial progress in recent years. With these advances, there is now an opportunity to enable precision medicine approaches for patients with pancreatic cancer. Transcriptomic molecular subtyping is currently an active area of study where several subtyping schemas have been proposed. This talk will present some of these schemas and attempt to reconcile them. Many subtyping approaches rely on the clustering of a new sample with an existing group of samples, the ability to determine the subtype of an individual tumor is limited. In addition, in order to use molecular subtypes in the clinic, subtypes need to be clinically replicable, robust, and have clinical implications. Developing a robust method for subtype classification is needed in order to study the role of molecular subtypes in the context of future clinical trials. Citation Format: Jen Jen Yeh. Molecular subtypes - bench to bedside [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr I08.
A novel data transformation and execution strategy for accelerating sparse matrix multiplication on GPUs

SpMM (multiplication of a sparse matrix and a dense matrix) and SDDMM (sampled dense-dense matrix multiplication) are at the core of many scientific, machine learning, and data mining applications. Because of the irregular memory accesses, the two kernels have poor data locality, and data movement overhead is a bottleneck for their performance. To overcome this issue, previous works have proposed using tiling and data reorganization to enhance data reuse. Despite their success in improving the performance for many sparse matrices, we find that the efficacy of existing techniques largely depends on how the non-zeros are distributed in a sparse matrix. In this work, we propose a novel row-reordering technique to improve data locality for SpMM and SDDMM on GPUs. The goal of such row reordering is to place similar rows close to each other, allowing them to be processed together, and thus providing better temporal locality for the values of the dense matrix. We focus on performing the row-reordering efficiently, by using a hierarchical clustering procedure optimized by locality-sensitive hashing. We also investigate when row-reordering is useful, and what factors the performance gains from our method are correlated to. Experimental evaluation using 1084 sparse matrices from SuiteSparse collection and Network Repository shows that our technique achieves up to 2.91x speedup for SpMM and up to 3.19x speedup for SDDMM against the state-of-the-art alternatives on an Nvidia P100 GPU.
Simulation-based Study of Layered Aluminum Crystal Microstructures Subjected to Shock Loading☆

Abstract A one-dimensional finite difference method allowing for anisotropic deformation is used in conjunction with a nonlinear thermoelastic-viscoplastic material model to compute the shock response of various microstructural instantiations of pure aluminum at peak stresses exceeding the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL). Single crystals and layered bi-materials consisting of grains with alternating orientations relative to the direction of shock propagation -- specifically [100], [111], or low-symmetry orientations -- are impacted to peak shock stresses on the order of 5 GPa. The [111] orientation [111] is observed to be stiffest both plastically and elastically, while the [100] orientation is found to be most compliant. Layered bi-materials that only demonstrate pure longitudinal waves exhibit average shock stresses, entropy production, and internal energy in between values computed for their single crystal constituents. Layered bi-materials that generate both quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transverse waves results in lower peak stresses and higher internal energy than their single crystal constituents. In bi-material systems, stress fluctuations decrease in frequency with increasing layer thickness, and peak stress amplitudes increase with layer thickness. Average dissipation depends on orientation but is relatively insensitive to layer thickness. Results of the computational method may ultimately be used to guide design of metallic systems with microstructures tailored for optimal impact resistance.
Thinking Outside the Box: Using Escape Room Games to Increase Interest in Cyber Security

It is no secret that there is a shortfall in cybersecurity teachers, students, and professionals across the globe. And to make matters worse, the interest level among diverse populations is very low. For this reason, it is necessary to find innovative ways to interest students as well as teachers in cybersecurity at the K–12 level. The prominent teaching tool has been the Capture the Flag (CTF) game. Although it may be an effective learning tool, the game is very competitive and can be intimidating and often frustrating for beginners to try and join in.
TOPOLOGY CHANGE FOR FUZZY PHYSICS: FUZZY SPACES AS HOPF ALGEBRAS

Fuzzy spaces are obtained by quantizing adjoint orbits of compact semi-simple Lie groups. Fuzzy spheres emerge from quantizing S2 and are associated with the group SU(2) in this manner. They are useful for regularizing quantum field theories and modeling space–times by noncommutative manifolds. We show that fuzzy spaces are Hopf algebras and in fact have more structure than the latter. They are thus candidates for quantum symmetries. Using their generalized Hopf algebraic structures, we can also model processes where one fuzzy space splits into several fuzzy spaces. For example we can discuss the quantum transition where the fuzzy sphere for angular momentum J splits into fuzzy spheres for angular momenta K and L.
Extreme Low-Latitude Total Electron Content Enhancement and Global Positioning System Scintillation at Dawn

We report on an extreme ionospheric plasma density enhancement and Global Positioning System (GPS) scintillation at dawn, observed within the expanding equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The tota...
MAST-SEY: MAterial Simulation Toolkit for Secondary Electron Yield. A monte carlo approach to secondary electron emission based on complex dielectric functions

Abstract MAST-SEY is an open-source Monte Carlo code capable of calculating secondary electron emission using input data generated entirely from first principle (density functional theory) calculations. It utilizes the complex dielectric function and Penn’s theory for inelastic scattering processes, and relativistic Schrodinger theory by means of a partial-wave expansion method to govern elastic scattering. It allows the user to include explicitly calculated momentum dependence of the dielectric function, as well as to utilize first-principle density of states in secondary electron generation, which provides a more complete description of the underlying physics. In this paper we thoroughly describe the theoretical aspects of the modeling, as used in the code, and present sample results obtained for copper and aluminum.
The mass media's dual role: ‘watchdog’ and guardian of their own interests

The mass media are a special case of interest articulation in a democracy because they play two distinct roles. On the one hand, mass media provide information about efforts by various interest groups to influence public policy. On the other hand, being interest groups themselves, the mass media work to protect and advance their own interests. This article examines the compatibility of these two roles in Argentina and Uruguay by placing this in a broader discussion about the role of lobbying in democratic societies. The evidence suggests that despite impediments to the media's ability to fulfill both roles simultaneously, some have performed a credible job. The best explanation for the variance in performance among the media outlets includes a combination of the following factors: the size and density of the media market, patterns of media ownership, the relative strength of the state vis-a-vis the media, levels of public advertising, and the particular practices adopted by individual media companies. Evidence suggests that neither the traditional distinction between corporatist and pluralist societies nor government regulation of lobbying plays a dominant role in determining the media's performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing Paradigms: The Liability of Corporate Groups in Germany

The German law on affiliated companies and groups of companies ("Konzernrecht"), as embodied in the German Stock Corporation Act of 1965, as amended ("Aktiengesetz"), has often been credited for its innovative approach to the dichotomy of liability strategies relevant to corporate groups-viz., the traditional concept of entity liability based on the fundamental doctrine of the legal separateness of the corporate entity and, accordingly, resulting in a limitation of investor liability as the rule, and discrete and rare occurrences of what is almost poetically designated the "piercing of the corporate veil" ("DurchgriffshaJtung") as narrow and reluctantly crafted exceptions, and the more modern, revolutionary concept of group or enterprise liability ("KonzernhaJtung") in the law of corporate groups which-in its most radical form-will allow (and even mandate) a court to penetrate all horizontal and vertical "corporate separateness barriers" within a collective, polycorporate business enterprise as the rule and without exception. Indeed, one of the most prolific international scholars on the liability of corporate groups, Professor Jose Engracia Antunes, has repeatedly described such innovative German approach to the legal phenomenon of intragroup liability as a "third intermediate and differentiated regulatory strategy." Comparatively, he labels such intermediate strategy intermediate, since it is structurally situated somewhere between the traditional, well-established nineteenth century notions of entity law and the rather contemporary, yet often still embryonic formulations of enterprise liability-the "dualist approach." In this Article the Author analyzes and evaluates the various layers and characteristics of the diagnosed paradigm shift as well as its consequences for the liability concepts applicable to corporate groups under German law. The Author then argues that, because of the aggregate effect of the identified paradigm shift, a truly substantive dualist (or hybrid) approach addressing the parent-subsidiary liability conundrum under German law today, de lege lata, no longer exists in such jurisdiction.
The Case for Drug Prevention in Early Childhood

ABSTRACT The research in drug prevention and early childhood education over the last three decades is reviewed. This data base strongly suggests that intensive drug prevention intervention with preschool children in early childhood programs could be effective in decreasing their drug use and abuse into adolescence and adulthood. There are additional indications that this possible long term effect would be related to the degree parents were involved in drug prevention interventions with their children. A further review of the national Head Start program also suggest that these early childhood sites for disadvantaged children and their families could provide the experimental foundation for a series of pilot studies to test out this hypothesis.
Intestinal Absorption of Essential Amino Acids in Man

Summary Equimolar mixtures of the eight essential l-amino acids at varying concentrations (1 to 20 mm) and in amounts usually present in a protein meal were perfused in the jejunum of man and the intestinal absorption kinetics determined. A characteristic sequence and order of amino acid absorption from the mixtures was observed which was constant for each of the amino acids. The absorption rates were most rapid for methionine and the branched amino acids, and slowest for threonine. The succus entericus of the upper jejunum in the fasting state and after perfusion with isotonic saline contains small amounts of amino acids, with leucine and lysine predominating. In an amino acid mixture amino acids may inhibit the absorption of one another if they share a common transport system. The absorption rate of threonine perfused in an equimolar mixture containing the other essential amino acids was markedly decreased compared to its absorption rate when perfused alone in identical concentrations.
Cryoelectron Tomography Shows 3D Structure of Surface Spikes

Through cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) we have visualised the surface features of AIDS viruses at 3.2 nm resolution. The spikes on HIV-1 were few in number (∼14) and appeared clustered. An averaged SIV trimeric spike showed a multi-lobed head (gp120) and a tripod-like stalk (gp41). Previously described gp120/41 fragments were placed within the spike. The model suggests how spikes may function during viral infection and provides new strategies for vaccine development.
Polar modulators for 1 and 2 GHz power amplifier correction

Modern RF power amplifiers face increasingly stringent demands on their distortion, cost and power consumption. The use of correction techniques can help, and many of these techniques require polar modulators. Polar modulators are described which operate at 1 GHz and 2 GHz, and allow 20 dB of magnitude variation and 360 deg of phase variation. Shutdown and phase swapping controls are also described. OIP3s are +20 dBm at 1 GHz and +17 dBm at 2 GHz, and group delays are below 2 ns. The parts are implemented in a 65 GHz f/sub T/ SiGe bipolar process.
Aristotle on virtues and emotions

Aristotle is certainly right to suggest that a philosophical psychology of the virtues will importantly involve tracing the connections between virtues and emotions. But while he is admirably diligent about scouting some kinds of differences between virtues, (notably what virtues are “about” — dangers, bodily pleasures, spending and getting money, distributions of honor or money, etc.), he does not seem prepared to admit that their logical/psychological structure can differ in respect of their general relations with emotions. Instead, he wishes to see them as homogeneous in this respect. But the main two connections he discovers — the propriety of affect relation and the index relation — are not general. They are true at best only of some virtues, and then only in improved formulations. Our brief investigation of his claims has shown, I think, that the virtues do display variety that is in part a function of their relations to emotion-types. We await a psychology of the virtues in which the connections of particular virtues to emotions, and the connections between the virtues that would become visible in the light of this structural variety, are fully traced.
The nature of the interior of Uranus based on studies of planetary ices at high dynamic pressure

Data from the Voyager II spacecraft showed that Uranus has a large magnetic field with geometry similar to an offset tilted dipole. To interpret the origin of the magnetic field, measurements were made of electrical conductivity and equation-of-state data of the planetary 'ices' ammonia, methane, and 'synthetic Uranus' at shock pressures and temperatures up to 75 gigapascals and 5000 K. These pressures and temperatures correspond to conditions at the depths at which the surface magnetic field is generated. Above 40 gigapascals the conductivities of synthetic Uranus, water, and ammonia plateau at about 20/(ohm-cm), providing an upper limit for the electrical conductivity used in kinematic or dynamo calculations. The nature of materials at the extreme conditions in the interior is discussed.
Reduction of void number density and size in ion-irradiated Ti-coated Nb

Abstract Experimental results are presented that show the void number density and size in Nb can be substantially reduced during 3.2-MeV Ni+ irradiation by removal of O impurity in Nb that has a 0.16-μm-thick Ti coating. Irradiation of Ti-coated Nb to 50 dpa between 1050 and 1275 K has shown a reduction of the void-volume fraction by at least one order of magnitude when compared with uncoated Nb.
Electric potential in three-dimensional electrically syncytial tissues

The problem of calculating the potential induced in an electrical syncytium by a point source of current is studied. The interiors of the many interconnected cells are treated as one continuum with resistivity ρi. The interdigitated extracellular space is treated as a second continuum of resistivity ρe, occupying the same overall volume, coupled to the first via the resistance Rm and capacitance Cm of the cell membranes. The intra- and extracellular potentials are then solutions to a pair of coupled partial differential equations. The equations are uncoupled, yielding a cable equation for the transmembrane potential and a Poisson equation for a second auxiliary potential. For an unbounded syncytium the potential for a step function source is obtained in terms of error functions. For a spherical syncytium of radius a, bounded by a membrane with surface resistance Ra, and capacitance Ca, expansions are obtained in spherical harmonics and spherical Bessel functions. For ɛ = ρia/Ra and β = ρi/ρe small, an asymptotic expansion of the potential is developed. The results are compared to earlier results for a spherical cell as well as to microelectrode measurements of the lens of the eye.
MO-E-204C-05: X-Ray Luminescence Computed Tomography Via Selective X-Ray Excitation

Purpose: X‐ray luminescencecomputed tomography (XLCT) is proposed as a new molecular imaging modality for imaging X‐ray‐excitable phosphorescent nanoparticles three‐dimensionally, in living subjects. Some of these nano‐sized particles can emit near‐infrared (NIR) light when excited with X rays and are particularly well suited for in‐vivo biomedical imaging because the signals can propagate long distances in tissue.Method and Materials: The imaging mechanism used in XLCT consists in irradiating the subject using a sequence of programmed X‐ray beams, while sensitive photo‐detectors measure the light coming out of the subject. By restricting the X‐ray excitation to a single, narrow beam of radiation, the origin of the light photons can be inferred regardless of where these photons were detected, and how many times they scattered in tissue. By including an X‐ray detector in the system, anatomical imaging is performed simultaneously with molecular imaging via standard X‐ray computed tomography. The molecular and anatomical images are spatially and temporally co‐registered. Simulations of an XLCT system were performed using an analytical beam model. A preliminary experiment was also conducted using a superficial treatment beam and an EM‐CCD camera. Results: Tracer uptake in a 2 mm‐diameter target can be detected and quantified with sub‐picomolar sensitivity using less than 1 cGy of radiationdose, a result that makes XLCT potentially more sensitive than PET, currently one of the most sensitive molecular imaging modalities. Provided sufficient signal‐to‐noise ratio, the spatial resolution of the system can be made as small as needed by narrowing the beam aperture. In particular, 1 mm uniform spatial resolution was achieved for a 1 mm‐wide X‐ray beam. Images reconstructed from experimental XLCT measurements showed good agreement with the simulation model. Conclusion: Preliminary simulations and experiments show that XLCT is a feasible approach for small objects, such as research animals or dedicated organ imaging.
High-gain side-firing helical antennas

THE ADVENT of ultrahigh-frequency television broadcasting has accelerated development of antennas in the 500-to 1,000-mc range which direct most of the radiated energy within a few degrees of the horizon. A helically wound coil and coaxial conducting cylindrical mast has been developed which will so radiate, while giving essentially uniform patterns in a horizontal plane.
Electroejaculation of the coyote

Two electroejaculators were used to collect semen from 40 adult male coyotes. The most effective apparatus used a two-ring rectal probe and an AC voltage of 18 (Vrms) at 1000 Hz. With this ejaculator, 11 of 15 coyotes produced a satisfactory semen sample, which averaged 0.9 ml in volume and 70 million spermatozoa per ml.
A toxicity testing protocol using a bioluminescent reporter bacterium from activated sludge.

A protocol for production, storage, and use of Shock 1 (Shk1) bioreporter cells for toxicity monitoring in wastewater treatment facilities was developed. Shk1 is a bioluminescent toxicity bioreporter for activated sludge previously constructed by the incorporation of lux genes into an activated sludge microorganism.A number of factors affecting Shk1 growth and bioluminescence were examined including the growth medium, tetracycline concentration, storage conditions, and test media. Based on the results of these experiments, a toxicity testing protocol was developed that involved growth of cultures in nutrient broth with tetracycline, storage of cultures at 4 degrees C, cell activation by reinoculation into nutrient broth, and toxicity testing by cell injection into the test media. Effective use of this approach required standardized time intervals for cell growth, storage, activation and exposure in the test media. Bioluminescence from Shk1 cells was measured in nutrient broth and influent wastewater and activated sludge mixed liquor from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Using the Shk1 toxicity testing protocol, Zn EC(50) values for bioluminescence in nutrient broth, influent wastewater, and activated sludge mixed liquor were approximately 42, 7, and 32 mg/l, respectively. Zn concentrations as low as 1 mg/l could be detected in influent wastewater. The detection limit in influent wastewater is below the Zn concentrations typically reported to affect the activated sludge process.
The regulation of primary mesenchyme cell migration in the sea urchin embryo: transplantations of cells and latex beads

After their ingression, the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) of the sea urchin embryo migrate within the blastocoel, where they eventually become arranged in a characteristic ring-like pattern. To gain information about how the movements of the PMCs are regulated, a microinjection procedure was developed and used to transplant PMCs to novel environments within embryos of different developmental stages. Donor PMCs were vitally stained with rhodamine isothiocyanate so their movements could be followed. When PMCs were transplanted into the blastocoel of embryos at the mesenchyme blastula stage, the donor cells moved to the vegetal region and joined with the host's PMCs in forming a normal ring pattern and skeleton. When PMCs were microinjected into the blastocoel of early (prehatching) blastulae, they moved toward and accumulated in the vegetal region of the host embryo within 3 hr. They did not, however, elaborate a complete ring pattern when they would have done so if left in situ. Instead, they participated in the formation of the ring pattern that was subsequently formed by the PMCs of the host embryo. These data indicate that information present in the host embryo and established well before the mesenchyme blastula stage guides the donor PMCs to the vegetal region of the blastocoel. Subsequent changes in the host environment, however, are necessary for the formation of the ring pattern. When PMCs were transplanted into older hosts (late gastrula or prism stage embryos), they exhibited a reduced capacity for elaborating a correct pattern. Their ability to do so was dependent upon their initial placement within the blastocoel, and may reflect a restricted ability on the part of the PMCs to migrate within the blastocoel of a developmentally "old" embryo. The specificity of the interaction between the PMCs and their migratory environment was examined by microinjecting latex beads, ectoderm cells, and secondary mesenchyme cells into the blastocoel of prehatching and mesenchyme blastulae. Neither the latex beads nor the transplanted cells migrated like the PMCs, indicating that the interaction between the PMCs and their migratory environment is a highly specific one.
Methods for assimilating blood velocity measures in hemodynamics simulations: Preliminary results

Abstract New measurement devices and techniques in biomedical images provide medical doctors with a huge amount of data on blood flow and vascular morphologies. These data are crucial for performing (and validating) individualbased simulations of hemodynamics (see e.g. [1]). Availability of velocity measures inside a region of interest poses problems that are new to the community of computational hemodynamics and however well known in other engineering fields. In particular, integration of data (measures) and numerical simulations has been an issue of utmost relevance in the prediction of fluid geophysics phenomena and, in particular, weather forecast. In computational hemodynamics a mathematically sound assimilation of data and numerical simulations is needed, on one hand for improving reliability of numerical results, on the other one for filtering noise and measurements errors. In this paper we consider and compare some possible methods for integrating numerical simulations and velocity measures in some internal points of the computational domain. Preliminary numerical results for a 2D Stokes problem are presented both for noise free and noisy data, investigating convergence rate and noise sensitivity.
Dolphin Detection and Tracking

Detecting and tracking social marine mammals, including bottlenose dolphins, can help to explain their social dynamics, predict their behavior, and measure the impact of human interference. Multi-camera setups provide an opportunity to record the behavior of captive dolphins and create a massive dataset from which long term statistics can be extracted, but the use of human experts to track dolphin positions over time demands a high time and financial investment cost. In this paper, we examine automated methods to analyze large video corpora. We use background subtraction to detect dolphins over time in the video data and to visualize the paths by which dolphins regularly traverse their environment. We demonstrate the use of these background subtraction methods as a way to initialize a preexisting real-time compressive tracking algorithm, which previously required human interaction. Detecting when dolphins transfer between pools both supplements 3D tracking efforts, helping identify moments when dolphins move between cameras, and augments human performance, providing a way for researchers to manually annotate dolphin pool positions 14 times as fast.
Schistosoma mansoni: immunogenic glycoproteins of the cercarial glycocalyx.

Abstract Immunochemical studies at the level of the light and electron microscope showed that a monoclonal antibody, 128 C 3 3 , was directed to an epitope in the glycocalyx of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Immunoprecipitation of surface labeled cercarial extracts with this monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the glycocalyx is composed of at least five components, including a very large molecular size polypeptide and polypeptides of 220, 180, 170, and 15 kDa. After transformation of cercariae to schistosomula, these polypeptides were shed from the surface and were therefore no longer accessible to surface labeling. Monoclonal antibody 128 C 3 3 was also reactive with a 38 kDa polypeptide from schistosomula; this polypeptide was weakly expressed on the surface of cercariae. Analysis of immunoprecipitates of radioiodinated protein extracts of cercariae, newly transformed schistosomula, and 36 hr in vitro cultured schistosomula showed that the 180 and 170 kDa polypeptides continued to be expressed within the organism following transformation, but were not accessible to surface labeling. Lectin binding studies revealed differences in the oligosaccharide composition of the six polypeptides. With the exception of the 15 kDa antigen, all the polypeptides reactive with 128 C 3 3 were highly immunogenic in infected mice and humans.
Computer-Generated, Calligraphic, Full-Spectrum Color System For Visual Simulation Landing Approach Maneuvers

The calligraphic chromatic projector described was developed to improve the perceived realism of visual scene simulation ('out-the-window visuals'). The optical arrangement of the projector is illustrated and discussed. The device permits drawing 2000 vectors in as many as 500 colors, all above critical flicker frequencies, and use of high scene resolution and brightness at an acceptable level to the pilot, with the maximum system capabilities of 1000 lines and 1000 fL. The device for generating the colors is discussed, along with an experiment conducted to demonstrate potential improvements in performance and pilot opinion. Current research work and future research plans are noted.
Nasal administration of amyloid‐β peptide decreases cerebral amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Progressive cerebral deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide, an early and essential feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction marked by microgliosis, astrocytosis, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Mucosal administration of disease-implicated proteins can induce antigen-specific anti-inflammatory immune responses in mucosal lymphoid tissue which then act systemically. We hypothesized that chronic mucosal administration of Abeta peptide might induce an anti-inflammatory process in AD brain tissue that could beneficially affect the neuropathological findings. To test this hypothesis, we treated PDAPP mice, a transgenic line displaying numerous neuropathological features of AD, between the ages of approximately 5 and approximately 12 months with human Abeta synthetic peptide mucosally each week. We found significant decreases in the cerebral Abeta plaque burden and Abeta42 levels in mice treated intranasally with Abeta peptide versus controls treated with myelin basic protein or left untreated. This lower Abeta burden was associated with decreased local microglial and astrocytic activation, decreased neuritic dystrophy, serum anti-Abeta antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2b classes, and mononuclear cells in the brain expressing the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and tumor growth factor-beta. Our results demonstrate that chronic nasal administration of Abeta peptide can induce an immune response to Abeta that decreases cerebral Abeta deposition, suggesting a novel mucosal immunological approach for the treatment and prevention of AD.
ROY SCHAFER: A NARRATIVE

The author provides a brief overview of the papers given at the Schafer Symposium in October 2012 by the following six presenters: Henry Schwartz, Richard Fritsch, Rosemary Balsam, Lucy LaFarge, Michael Feldman, and Jay Greenberg. He also highlights some important ongoing themes in Schafer's writing, including theory-about which Schafer takes a unique position-history, and ideas from other disciplines. Schafer prefers continuing explorations over arriving at conclusions, the author notes, and believes that students should remain faithful to their mentors' thinking-until it is time for them to move beyond it.
Extrusion Conditions Modify Hypocholesterolemic Properties of Wheat Bran Fed to Hamsters

ABSTRACT Wheat bran was extruded in a twin-screw extruder at five specific mechanical energy (SME) levels (0.120, 0.177, 0.234, 0.291, and 0.358 kWh/kg, dwb) and the cholesterol-lowering effects were compared with those of unprocessed wheat bran when fed to four-week-old male golden Syrian hamsters (n = 10/treatment) for three weeks. Diets contained 10% total dietary fiber, 10.3% fat, 3% nitrogen, and 0.4% cholesterol. Plasma total cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower with 0.120 kWh/kg extruded wheat bran diet compared with the unextruded wheat bran control. Total triglycerides were significantly lower with 0.120 and 0.177 kWh/kg wheat bran diets compared with those fed 0.291 and 0.358 kWh/kg extruded wheat bran diets. Cholesterol digestibility, total liver cholesterol, and total liver lipids were significantly lower with all the extruded wheat bran diets compared with the unextruded wheat bran control. Cholesterol digestibility for the 0.291 kWh/kg wheat bran ...
Effects of Edge-Stiffening Elements and Diaphragms on Bridge Resistance and Load Distribution

This research investigates the effects of barriers, sidewalks, and diaphragms (secondary elements) on bridge structure ultimate capacity and load distribution. Simple-span, two-lane highway girder bridges with composite steel and prestressed concrete girders are considered. The finite-element method is used for structural analysis. For the elastic range, typical secondary elements can reduce girder distribution factors (GDF) between 10 and 40%, depending on stiffness and bridge geometry. For the inelastic response, steel is modeled using von Mises yield criterion and isotropic (work) hardening. Concrete is modeled with a softening curve in compression with the ability to crack in tension. At ultimate capacity, typical secondary elements can reduce GDF an additional 5 to 20%, and bridge system ultimate capacity can be increased from 1.1 to 2.2 times that of the base bridge without secondary elements, depending on bridge geometry and secondary-element dimensions.
Coupling of shallow water and circulation models for prediction of multiphysics coastal flows: Method, implementation, and experiment

Coastal flows involve different phenomena occurring at a vast range of spatial and temporal scales, and it is now becoming necessary to synchronously simulate them, especially those in nearshore processes. This paper targets an accurate as well as simultaneous prediction of multiphysics phenomena, such as surge bores and current circulations that are distinct from each other and require different modeling methods, at high resolution and affordable computing expense. We propose a framework to predict multiphysics coastal processes by integrating existing shallow water models (SWMs) with circulation models (CMs). In particular, an unstructured mesh, Godunov-type SWM is coupled with the unstructured grid Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The coupling is made in two-way and realized using a domain decomposition method implemented with overlapping meshes and the Schwarz alternative iteration. In order to demonstrate its feasibility and performance, the hybrid system is systematically tested in flows with tides, surge bores, and vortices, and then it is applied to coastal circulation and flooding problems. The numerical experiments indicate that the coupling system performs well in capturing different physical phenomena. Furthermore, the system may reduce computational load substantially while it maintains solution accuracy.
In silico imaging: Definition, possibilities and challenges☆

Abstract The capability to simulate the imaging performance of new detector concepts is crucial to develop the next generation of medical imaging systems. Proper modeling tools allow for optimal designs that maximize image quality while minimizing patient and occupational radiation doses. In this context, in silico imaging has become an emerging field of imaging research. This paper reviews current progress and challenges in the simulation of imaging systems with a focus on Monte Carlo approaches to X-ray detector modeling, acceleration approaches, and validation strategies.
Nonzero mean random vibration of hysteretic frames

Abstract The response of hysteretic plane framed structures to random excitation, accompanied by a nonzero mean gravity load, is considered. The structure is idealized as an assemblage of elastic beam subelements. joined through discrete hysteretic flexural subelements. with lumped masses at the nodes. The excitation, intended to represent a seismic base disturbance, is modeled as a Gaussian white noise stochastic process. Filtered excitation models are also possible and add no complication. The model is analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation and by stochastic equivalent linearization. It is shown that the response interaction between steady-state mean and random excitations is dependent upon the model of the system. Moreover, it is demonstrated that stationary solutions do not always exist. When a stationary solution exists, it is not unique, but dependent upon the transient excitation sequence preceding stationarity. The linearization models tended to be Stiffer than the simulation models, but predicted similar response trends at the excitation level considered.
Response of First-Year Soybeans to Row Spacing, Inoculation Treatments, and Nitrogen Fertilization

(.)Seedings were made on Zilwaukee clay [fine, mixed (calcareous), mesic Typic Haplaquolls] and Shebeon sandy loam (fine loamy, mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualfs) soils in 1985 and on Zilwaukee clay and Kilmanagh loam (fine-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Aeric Haplaquepts) soils in 1986. Soybeans were planted in a split-split plot arrangement with row spacing (10, 20, 30 in.) as main plots, N fertilizer (0, 120 lb/acre) as subplots and inoculant treatments as sub-subplots(.)
Competition Between Bulk and Surface Pathways in Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting Oxygen Electrodes

In mixed ionic electronic conductors (MIECs) the electrochemistry of oxygen reduction and evolution is complicated by the competition between surface adsorption/desorption, interaction of these surface species with bulk vacancies and diffusion of these species to the MIEC/electrolyte interface. Charge transfer may occur by diffusion of oxygen adsorbates to the triple phase boundary or by diffusion of vacancies from the electrolyte with subsequent exchange with oxygen adsorbed on the porous MIEC wall. A model describing the competition between these two charge transfer pathways is developed. Key to the model is treatment of the boundary condition at the MIEC/electrolyte interface. The absolute potential across this interface is used to relate the surface overpotential of each pathway in terms of the other and terms arising from the concentration overpotentials. Results show the conditions under which one process may dominate over the other.
Bradykininogen levels in Hodgkin's disease.

Patients with active Hodgkin's disease were found to have significantly lower levels of plasma bradykininogen than either normal subjects or those with inactive Hodgkin's disease. While low levels of bradykininogen have not been subjected to metabolic scrutiny in order to evaluate such explanations as depressed manufacture or altered excretion or distribution, the finding could be compatible with increased release of bradykinin, a substance thought to be a chemical mediator of inflammation. Whether heightened bradykinin activity in Hodgkin's disease might be merely one of a number of concomitants of the disease, or more centrally concerned with the pathogenesis of the inflammatory aspects of the disorder, cannot be established at this time. However, this finding serves to emphasize another possibly important variable in the host response in Hodgkin's disease, namely that of the behavior of chemical mediators of inflammation.
The Gluon Is Massive: A Lattice Calculation of the Gluon Propagator in the Landau Gauge

A Monte Carlo calculation of the gluon propagator in the Landau gauge in SU(3) lattice gauge theory is described. The results of calculations at β = 5.6 (200 43 × 8 lattices), β = 5.8 (400 43 × 10 lattices), and β = 6.0 (100 43 × 8 lattices) indicate that the gluon propagator resembles a massive particle propagator with asymptotic mass near 600 MeV.
Trends in the extraction of non-renewable resources: The case of fossil energy

Abstract This paper considers a strategy for the extraction and production of non-renewable resources that are finite in quantity. Specifically, we illustrate empirical data on reserves, production, consumption, and price evolution for fossil fuel. Our model is an intertemporal model of a short decision time horizon with a monopolistic resource producer extracting non-renewable resources. The model is solved numerically using a finite horizon solution method called Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC), which approximates well models with a longer decision time horizon. Consistent with the results of recent empirical studies, our numerical solution method shows a U-shaped path for the price and an inverted U-shaped path for the extraction rate, in the case of modest initial stock of proved reserves.