cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Fast-Frequency Support Functions in High Penetration Isolated Power Systems

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) with grid-support functions provide grid operators with essential capabilities to stabilize grid voltage and frequency. Providing ancillary services with DER is particularly attractive as renewable generation displaces traditional thermal power plants; however, optimizing operational modes and advanced function settings to provide these capabilities is not well understood. In this paper, the impact of enabling Frequency-Watt (FW) capabilities in distributed PV is evaluated for the electric grid on the Hawaiian island of Oahu to provide fast frequency reserves. The study is completed using validated bulk grid models that have been modified to include PV resources with a pointwise linear FW capability. A key contribution of this work is a detailed sensitivity analysis indicating the dependence of simulated grid dynamic performance on different grid, inverter, and FW function parameters.
Real-Time Interferometric SAS Processing with Ultra-Low Power Consumption

In order to fully realize the potential of unmanned systems, vehicles must carry sensors to observe the underwater environment, and sensor data must be processed in real-time for systems to intelligently interpret the environment and adapt their behavior accordingly. Interferometric synthetic aperture sonar (InSAS) is an ideal tool for seabed survey operations because of its superior area coverage rate and resolution compared to conventional sidescan and multibeam sensors. Due to the intensive nature of forming two SAS images per side of the vehicle plus bathymetric processing, InSAS data have traditionally been processed offline in a non-real-time environment after completion of the mission. Kraken Robotic Systems have been performing real-time InSAS processing of seabed imagery and bathymetry for the past five years using a variety of graphics processing units (GPUs). Here, we demonstrate that recent advances in the computational efficiency of InSAS algorithms and the development of ultra-low power GPUs for embedded systems have combined to create the situation where it is now possible to perform the complete InSAS processing chain at full resolution in real-time using extremely low energy consumption.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of KSbO3‐Type Bi3Mn1.9Te1.1O11.

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Bi2O3, MnCO3, and TeO2 in a NaCl/KCl flux (air, open quartz tube, 750 °C, 10 d).
Cocaine-induced Thrombosis: Review of Predisposing Factors, Potential Mechanisms, and Clinical Consequences with a Striking Case Report

Cocaine is associated with a wide array of complications through a number of different mechanisms. Although the majority of cocaine-related morbidity has been attributed to complications in arterial vasculature, the deleterious impact of venous complications appears to be largely unrepresented in current literature as well as clinical practice despite emerging evidence of the high prevalence and annual incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in illicit drug users. Our case report illustrates an uncharacteristic presentation of cocaine-related widespread thrombotic cascade involving both arterial and venous circulations causing significant morbidity. The complex pathophysiology of widespread prothrombotic state caused by cocaine includes endothelial damage promoting the increase of fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor to platelet aggregation and clot formation. It is important to identify the impact cocaine-induced venous thrombosis can mount, especially in the form of potentially fatal complications like pulmonary embolism. Although recent studies have focused on increased incidence and prevalence of venous thrombosis in the setting of cocaine abuse, ours is the first case of a documented pulmonary embolism caused by cocaine-related venous thrombosis. Further studies are needed to identify patients at higher risk for this complication like rare thrombotic disorders.
Expression of obesity-related adipokine genes during fasting in a naturally obese marine mammal

Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) are exceptional among fasting-adapted animals in coupling prolonged fasting with energetically costly activities, relying on oxidation of fat store...
From farm to fork: perspectives on growing sustainable food systems in the twenty-first century: by Sarah J. Morath, editor [book review]. Akron, Ohio, U.S.A, University of Akron Press, 2016. 210 pp., $22.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-629220-10-9

Current books on the challenges facing the U.S. food system are plentiful, but few include an overview of the elements of the system, views from grassroots organizations, and description of complex...
Dyadic synchrony among young Latina mothers and their toddlers: The role of maternal and child behavior.

Abstract Synchronous interactions are an important indicator of parent-child relationship quality with positive implications for child development. Latina adolescent mothers face several demographic challenges that place them at risk for less synchronous interactions. To identify factors that may facilitate more optimal parent-child relationships in this population, our study examined maternal sensitivity and children’s behavioral styles as joint predictors of dyadic synchrony among young Latina mothers and their toddlers. Mother-toddler dyads (N = 170) were observed interacting across different tasks, and toddlers’ behavior was observed during the administration of a developmental test. Results of multivariate regressions revealed additive effects of maternal sensitivity and child behavioral styles (i.e., dysregulation and positive attentional control). Maternal sensitivity related to higher dyadic synchrony for the entire sample. Positive attentional control was related to higher dyadic synchrony for mother-daughter dyads only. Although no gender differences in dyadic synchrony or the behavior style variables emerged, the relative contribution of maternal and child factors differed by child gender, suggesting that mothers may have responded differently to similar behavior and affect displayed by boys and girls. The findings provide insights regarding factors that contribute to dyadic synchrony in this understudied population and emphasize the need to consider child gender when studying parent-child interactions in young Latina families.
Graph Algorithms in PGAS: Chapel and UPC++

The Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming model can be implemented either with programming language features or with runtime library APIs, each implementation favoring different aspects (e.g., productivity, abstraction, flexibility, or performance). Certain language and runtime features, such as collectives, explicit and asynchronous communication primitives, and constructs facilitating overlap of communication and computation (such as futures and conjoined futures) can enable better performance and scaling for irregular applications, in particular for distributed graph analytics. We compare graph algorithms in one of each of these environments: the Chapel PGAS programming language and the the UPC++ PGAS runtime library. We implement algorithms for breadth-first search and triangle counting graph kernels in both environments. We discuss the code in each of the environments, and compile performance data on a Cray Aries and an Infiniband platform. Our results show that the library-based approach of UPC++ currently provides strong performance while Chapel provides a high-level abstraction that, harder to optimize, still provides comparable performance.
The Relationship Between Lymph Node Ratio and Survival Benefit With Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-positive Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the ratio of positive lymph nodes to total assessed lymph nodes (LNR) is an indicator of cancer burden in esophageal adenocarcinoma and may identify patients who may most benefit from AC. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to discern whether there is a threshold LNR above which AC is associated with a survival benefit in this population. METHODS The 2004-2015 National Cancer Database was queried for patients who underwent upfront, complete resection of pT1-4N1-3M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma. The primary outcome, overall survival, was examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models employing an interaction term between LNR and AC. RESULTS A total of 1733 patients were included: 811 (47%) did not receive AC whereas 922 (53%) did. The median LNR was 20% (interquartile range 9-40). In a multivariable Cox model, the interaction term between LNR and receipt of AC was significant (P = 0.01). A plot of the interaction demonstrated that AC was associated with improved survival beyond a LNR of about 10%-12%. In a sensitivity analysis, the receipt of AC was not associated with improved survival in patients with LNR <12% (hazard ratio 1.02; 95% confidence interval 0.72-1.44) but was associated with improved survival in those with LNR ≥12% (hazard ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.79). CONCLUSIONS In this study of patients with upfront, complete resection of node-positive esophageal adenocarcinoma, AC was associated with improved survival for LNR ≥12%. LNR may be used as an adjunct in multidisciplinary decision-making about adjuvant therapies in this patient population.
Clinical and Diagnostic Evaluation of a Patient with a Tumor of the Head and Neck

Summary A useful conceptual framework for organizing information and theories pertaining to head and neck masses has been presented. Specific steps and implementation of this require a thorough grasp of a concise and orderly evaluation including appropriate studies to aid in a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. The management of patients with head and neck tumors can be very complex and must be individualized. The concept of a health care team reaches its ultimate goal in the management of these patients. This requires the cooperation of various specialties and an understanding of how each area best can contribute, in order to obtain the ultimate goal of treatment—cure.
When Not to Follow Taylor-Type Rules

Since the 1970s, monetary policymakers have available feedback rules to help guide decisions. One of the most famous and widely followed rules is that of John Taylor. The usual Taylor-type rule representation has the central bank policy nominal interest rate determined by the natural real rate and the inflation rate along with feedback from the output gap and the inflation rate gap. This rule is so widely respected that policymakers and researchers investigate rule updates and modifications to demonstrate how actual policy can be considered as consistent with these modernized Taylor-type rules. This study, instead, provides conditions under which policy can be improved by purposely not following what Taylor-type rules prescribe. An implication is policy should not always be regarded as optimal or even beneficial simply because it is consistent with Taylor-type rules. A new rule is introduced, which is not a Taylor-type rule, that can reduce the severity of, or possibly eliminate, recessions that arise from high and rising inflation rates. With the new rule, the Taylor principle outcome, where the policy real rate moves in the same direction as the inflation rate, is conditional upon past inflation rates and their rate of change. If these past inflation rates are ignored, as with Taylor-type rules, the result will be higher unemployment rates and severer recessions compared to when the new rule is followed.
Spatial inhomogeneity of build defects across the build plate in laser powder bed fusion

Abstract The population of build defects as a function of position on the build plate was examined in Ti-6Al-4V specimens fabricated on two common commercial laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) systems. Using standard build parameters, X-ray computed tomography revealed that spatial heterogeneity of the defect population can be substantial, relative to the variations in defect population that can occur due to other parameters, e.g. part geometry, build orientation, and laser power schedule. To understand the potential importance of such variability, its impact on fatigue performance is considered. Asymmetries inherent to LPBF fabrication are investigated as potential sources of the spatial heterogeneity, with shielding gas flow simulations providing an explanation.
CCR6 expression by small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells is critical for surveillance of the luminal contents at the villous epithelial surface (CCR5P.251)

The immune system underlying the villous epithelium is continually monitoring its complex environment to appropriately respond with the induction of tolerance or immunity. However little is known about the factors promoting immune surveillance of the luminal contents at this surface. Mice deficient in lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTBR) have a decreased population of dendritic cells (DCs) associated with the villous epithelium. The chemokine CCL20 is expressed by the villous epithelium in a LTBR dependent manner, and CCR6, the only receptor for CCL20, is expressed by the LP-DCs associating with the villous epithelium. Using an in vivo imaging approach, we observed that LP-DC from CCR6 deficient mice were further from the intestinal lumen and flow cytometric analysis revealed they had a decreased population of epithelia associated LP-DCs. Mixed bone marrow transfers confirmed that CCR6 expression by DCs was required for association with the epithelium. In vivo imaging and flow cytometry revealed that LP-DCs from CCR6-/- mice were not impaired at migrating in the lymphatics or populating the mesenteric lymph node. However LP-DCs from CCR6-/- mice were deficient at acquiring epithelial cell proteins and intraluminal ovalbumin, and were deficient in priming immune responses to luminal antigen in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These findings identify an essential role for CCR6 expression by LP-DCs in surveillance of the luminal environment at the villous epithelial surface.
Predictors of persistence in girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from an 11-year controlled follow-up study.

Objective This study sought to examine the age-dependent persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its predictors in a large sample of girls with and without ADHD followed prospectively for 11 years into young adulthood.
Subscription propagation in highly-available publish/subscribe middleware

Achieving availability and scalability while providing service guarantees such as in-order, gapless delivery is essential for deploying publish/subscribe messaging middleware in wide area networks. Scalability often requires a publish/subscribe system to propagate subscription information and perform content matching across the network. Existing subscription propagation algorithms do not support in-order, gapless delivery in a redundant overlay network.This paper presents a novel approach that utilizes virtual time (VT) vectors to convey temporal consistency in propagating incremental and consolidated subscription information. The VT vectors provide a means of testing sufficiency of filtering information, by comparing a broker's VT vector with that of a message. When the test fails, indicating insufficient broker subscription information, safety may be preserved by "flooding" the message to all neighbors on a routing tree. This approach does not require subscription state agreement across redundant paths and hence is highly available. We present a detailed evaluation of the approach.
Directions in US environmental engineering curricula

This outlines the need to create more environmental engineers, and for them to be not only technically competent, but also to understand public policy and related issues. Suggestions are made about the content of possible curricula at different levels. Although presented in the context of the USA, the principles will generally apply elsewhere.
Ultrasonic transducer characterization and transducer beam modeling for applications in nondestructive evaluation

A new and computationally efficient method is developed for characterizing a spherically focused, ultrasonic transducer (and its accompanying test system). Procedures for determining the probe's effective radius, effective focal length, and system efficiency factor are described. Predicted responses that make use of these effective parameters are shown to correspond very well to measured responses for a number of different transducers.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in hereditary and neoplastic disease: biologic and clinical implications

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are transmembrane growth factor receptors with wide tissue distribution. FGF/FGFR signaling is involved in neoplastic behavior and also development, differentiation, growth, and survival. FGFR germline mutations (activating) can cause skeletal disorders, primarily dwarfism (generally mutations in FGFR3), and craniofacial malformation syndromes (usually mutations in FGFR1 and FGFR2); intriguingly, some of these activating FGFR mutations are also seen in human cancers. FGF/FGFR aberrations reported in cancers are mainly thought to be gain-of-function changes, and several cancers have high frequencies of FGFR alterations, including breast, bladder, or squamous cell carcinomas (lung and head and neck). FGF ligand aberrations (predominantly gene amplifications) are also frequently seen in cancers, in contrast to hereditary syndromes. There are several pharmacologic agents that have been or are being developed for inhibition of FGFR/FGF signaling. These include both highly selective inhibitors as well as multi-kinase inhibitors. Of note, only four agents (ponatinib, pazopanib, regorafenib, and recently lenvatinib) are FDA-approved for use in cancer, although the approval was not based on their activity against FGFR. Perturbations in the FGFR/FGF signaling are present in both inherited and malignant diseases. The development of potent inhibitors targeting FGF/FGFR may provide new tools against disorders caused by FGF/FGFR alterations.
A Cost Based Reweighted Scheme of Principal Support Vector Machine

Principal Support Vector Machine (PSVM) is a recently proposed method that uses Support Vector Machines to achieve linear and nonlinear sufficient dimension reduction under a unified framework. In this work, a reweighted scheme is used to improve the performance of the algorithm. We present basic theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the reweighted algorithm through simulations and real data application.
Proposal for an observational test of the Vainshtein mechanism.

Modified gravity theories capable of genuine self-acceleration typically invoke a Galileon scalar which mediates a long-range force but is screened by the Vainshtein mechanism on small scales. In such theories, nonrelativistic stars carry the full scalar charge (proportional to their mass), while black holes carry none. Thus, for a galaxy free falling in some external gravitational field, its central massive black hole is expected to lag behind the stars. To look for this effect, and to distinguish it from other astrophysical effects, one can correlate the gravitational pull from the surrounding structure with the offset between the stellar center and the black hole. The expected offset depends on the central density of the galaxy and ranges up to $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kpc}$ for small galaxies. The observed offset in M87 cannot be explained by this effect unless the scalar force is significantly stronger than gravity. We also discuss the systematic offset of compact objects from the galactic plane as another possible signature.
The LLNL Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System for Biochemical 14C-Measurements

Abstract We report on recent improvements made to our 1 MV accelerator mass spectrometry system that is dedicated to 14C quantification of biochemical samples. Increased vacuum pumping capacity near the high voltage terminal has resulted in a two-fold reduction of system backgrounds to 0.04 amol 14C/mg carbon. Carbon ion transmission through the accelerator has also improved a few percent. We have also developed tritium measurement capability on this spectrometer. The 3H/1H isotopic ratio of a milligram-sized processed tap water sample has been measured at 4 ± 1 × 10−16 (430 ± 110 μBq/mg H). Measurement throughput for a typical biochemical 3H sample is estimated to be ∼10 min/sample.
Landscape metrics indicate differences in patterns and dominant controls of ribbon forests in the Rocky Mountains, USA

Question: Do landscape metrics reflect differences in dominant factors controlling ribbon forest patterns among sites? Location: West Flattop Mountain, Glacier National Park, Montana (Flattop); Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming (Medicine Bow); Park Range, Colorado (Park Range). Methods: High-resolution aerial photography was used to delineate ribbon forest patches, and to calculate landscape metrics to distinguish between long, narrow, regular patterns expected from strong microtopographic control, and smaller, more compact, and variable patterns expected from wind-snowdrift interactions. Results: All but two metrics were significantly different (Po0.05) among the three sites. The rank and magnitude of differences indicated that ribbons at Flattop and Park Range are more similar to each other than to those at Medicine Bow. Flattop ribbons were also more elongated, narrower and less variable than those at Park Range, suggesting differences in the type and strength of structural control. Previous research showed that Flattop ribbons occupy regular lithologic ridges, while our observations of ribbons and analysis of geologic maps suggests weaker and less consistent microtopographic control at Park Range, and dominant wind-snowdrift interactions with little to no microtopographic influence at Medicine Bow. Conclusions: Landscape metrics indicate differences in pattern among sites that reflect differences in dominant factors influencing ribbon forest development and maintenance. Explanations of ribbon forest dynamics are sitespecific and are more complex than is currently recognized. The sites vary in the level of endogenous versus exogenous control of ribbon patterns, and consequently in the sensitivity of this phenomenon to climate.
Demonstration of microwave frequency shifting by use of a highly chirped mode-locked fiber laser.

We report an experimental demonstration of a photonic microwave shifter using a highly chirped mode-locked fiber laser. The system is based on dispersive compression or expansion of highly chirped optical pulses that are amplitude modulated by the microwave signal. Using this technique, we demonstrated frequency shifting of a microwave signal from 10??GHz down to 5??GHz and up to 25??GHz.
A Neural Circuit for Memory Specificity and Generalization

Increased fear memory generalization is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, but the circuit mechanisms that regulate memory specificity remain unclear. Here, we define a neural circuit-composed of the medial prefrontal cortex, the nucleus reuniens (NR), and the hippocampus-that controls fear memory generalization. Inactivation of prefrontal inputs into the NR or direct silencing of NR projections enhanced fear memory generalization, whereas constitutive activation of NR neurons decreased memory generalization. Direct optogenetic activation of phasic and tonic action-potential firing of NR neurons during memory acquisition enhanced or reduced memory generalization, respectively. We propose that the NR determines the specificity and generalization of memory attributes for a particular context by processing information from the medial prefrontal cortex en route to the hippocampus.
Neutrophil Recruitment under Shear Flow: It's All about Endothelial Cell Rings and Gaps

Leukocyte recruitment to tissues and organs is an essential component of host defense. The molecular mechanisms controlling this process are complex and remain under active investigation. The combination of biochemical techniques and live cell imaging using in vivo and in vitro flow-model approaches have shed light on several aspects of neutrophil transmigration through the vascular endothelial lining of blood vessels. Here, we focus on the role of adhesion molecule signaling in endothelial cells and their downstream targets during the process of transendothelial migration at cell-cell borders (paracellular transmigration). An emerging model involves the leukocyte beta2 integrin engagement of endothelial cell ICAM-1, which triggers integrin-ICAM-1 clustering (rings) and stabilizes leukocyte adhesion at cell-cell junctions. This step recruits nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate key tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of VE-cadherin, which destabilizes its linkage to catenins and the actin cytoskeleton, triggering the transient opening of VE-cadherin homodimers to form a gap in the cell junction, through which the neutrophil transmigrates. Interestingly, the signaling events that lead to neutrophil transmigration occur independently of shear flow in vitro.
The influence of conserved tyrosine 30 and tissue-dependent differences in sequence on ferritin function: use of blue and purple Fe(III) species as reporters of ferroxidation

Ferritins uniquely direct the vectorial transfer of hydrated Fe(II)/Fe(III) ions to a condensed ferric phase in the central cavity of the soluble protein. Secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure are conserved in ferritin, but only five amino acid residues are conserved among all known ferritins. The sensitivity of ferroxidation rates to small differences in primary sequence between ferritin subunits that are cell-specifically expressed or to the conservative replacement of the conserved tyrosine 30 residue was demonstrated by examining recombinant (frog) H-type (red blood cell predominant) and M-type subunit (liver predominant) proteins which are both fast ferritins; the proteins form two differently colored Fe(III)-protein complexes absorbing at 550 nm or 650 nm, respectively. The complexes are convenient reporters of Fe(III)-protein interaction because they are transient in contrast to the Fe(III)-oxy complexes measured in the past at 310–420 nm, which are stable because of contributions from the mineral itself. The A650-nm species formed 18-fold faster in the M-subunit protein than did the 550-nm species in H-subunit ferritin, even though all the ferroxidase residues are the same; the Vmax was fivefold faster but the Hill coefficents were identical (1.6), suggesting similar mechanisms. In H-subunit ferritin, substitution of phenylalanine for conserved tyrosine 30 (located in the core of the subunit four-helix bundle) slowed ferroxidation tenfold, whereas changing surface tyrosine 25 or tyrosine 28 had no effect. The Fe(III)-tyrosinate was fortunately not changed by the mutation, based on the resonance Raman spectrum, and remained a suitable reporter for Fe(III)-protein interactions. Thus, the A550/650 nm can also report on post-oxidation events such as transport through the protein. The impact of Y30F on rates of formation of Fe(III)-protein complexes in ferritin, combined with Mossbauer spectroscopic studies that showed the parallel formation of multiple Fe(III) postoxidation species (three dinuclear oxy and one trinuclear oxy species) (A. S. Periera et al., Biochemistry 36 : 7917–7927, 1997) and the loss of several of the multimeric Fe(III) post-oxidation species in a Y30F alteration of human recombinant H-ferritin (E. R. Bauminger et al., Biochem J. 296 : 709–719, 1993), indicate that at least one of the pathways for Fe oxidation/transfer in ferritin is through the center of the four-helix bundle and is influenced by structural features dependent on tyrosine 30.
Complex-Valued Linear and Widely Linear Filtering Using MSE and Gaussian Entropy

In this paper, we study the performance of mean square error (MSE) and Gaussian entropy criteria for linear and widely linear complex filtering. The MSE criterion has been extensively studied, and with a widely linear filter form, it can take into account the full second-order statistics of the input signal. However, it cannot exploit the full second-order statistics of the error, and doubles the dimension of the parameter vector to be estimated. In this paper, we introduce the use of Gaussian entropy criterion such that full second-order statistics of the error can be taken into account, and compare the performance of the Gaussian entropy and MSE criteria for a linear and widely linear filter implementation in batch and adaptive implementations. Detailed performance analysis with numerical examples is presented to investigate the relationship and performance differences of the two criteria in diverse scenarios.
The analytical representation of electronic potential-energy surfaces

This article reviews the commonly used methods for representing electronic potential-energy surfaces for small molecules and simple chemical reactions in terms of globally defined analytical functions. Four classes of methods are discussed: spline fitting methods, semiempirical methods, many-body expansion methods, and methods that represent global surfaces based on information determined along reaction paths. The application of these methods is examined in detail for four triatomic systems and one four-atom system: $\mathrm{O}(^{3}P)+{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, Cl+HCl, H+CO, $\mathrm{O}(^{1}D)+{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{H}$, and H+C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}OH+CO. These examples illustrate both the art and the pitfalls of representing surfaces. In addition, the consequences of different potential surface representations for the dynamics of collisions on these surfaces are discussed at length.
Accountable resource allocation in broadband wireless networks

Varying channel quality between a user and a base station in cellular and broadband wireless access networks leads to varying channel resource usage per Kbps user throughput. In this paper, we present the position that channel variations that are induced by user activity should be explicitly separated from those induced by network deployment and other factors; the variations should be treated differently during resource allocation by MAC schedulers to be accountable to both users and network operators. For instance, while variations induced by user activity generally warrants proportional or slot-based fairness across users, network-induced variations warrant throughput-based fairness. To enable such customization of fairness metrics on different groups of flows, we propose ARA, a novel accountable resource allocation framework that builds on wireless network virtualization technology. We demonstrate the efficacy of ARA through prototype evaluation on a WiMAX testbed, and present preliminary measurements on categorizing the variations into user-induced and network-induced variations.
Two new Australian Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), including a highly distinctive species

Two new Australian ants of the genus Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are described. The most distinctive of the two species, Monomorium sublamellatum sp. n., pushes back the diagnostic boundaries of the genus Monomorium, and can not be placed at present in existing Australian species-groups of Monomorium. Monomorium punctulatum sp. n. belongs to the Monomorium rubriceps species-group.
Effects of gloves on the total grip strength applied to cylindrical handles

Abstract The major objectives of this study were to establish an alternative method for measuring the effects of gloves on the grip strength applied to cylindrical handles and to quantify the strength reduction due to the use of typical anti-vibration (AV) gloves. Different from previous studies that measure the grip force in a specific plane, the alternative method measures the total contact force normal to a cylindrical handle; the total grip strength is defined as the total contact force measured when a subject applies a power grip to the handle with his/her maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) effort. Two instrumented cylindrical handles (30 and 40 mm) were used in this study. Ten subjects participated in the experiment. Four types of AV gloves and two types of non-AV gloves were used in the experiment. Compared with bare-handed trials, each of the four anti-vibration gloves reduced the grip strength by more than 29%, regardless of handle size. One of the non-AV gloves also largely reduced the grip strength (≥25%) whereas the grip strength reduction of the other one was less than 10%. The gloves also influenced the grip force distribution pattern around the circumference of the cylindrical handles. The results suggest that the thickness of a glove is one of the major factors associated with these effects. Relevance to industry Glove use is generally recommended to keep the hands warm and dry and to protect them from many other hazards, provided this is consistent with safe and effective tool operation. However, a user of thicker, stiffer gloves, such as some AV gloves, could be trading one health risk for another. Knowledge of the effects of gloves on grip strength can help workers, managers, and safety professionals make informed decisions about glove selection and use in the workplace. This knowledge may also lead to work glove improvements.
Extracting two thousand years of latin from a million book library

With the rise of large open digitization projects such as the Internet Archive and Google Books, we are witnessing an explosive growth in the number of source texts becoming available to researchers in historical languages. The Internet Archive alone contains over 27,014 texts catalogued as Latin, including classical prose and poetry written under the Roman Empire, ecclesiastical treatises from the Middle Ages, and dissertations from 19th-century Germany written—in Latin—on the philosophy of Hegel. At one billion words, this collection eclipses the extant corpus of Classical Latin by several orders of magnitude. In addition, the much larger collection of books in English, German, French, and other languages already scanned contains unknown numbers of translations for many Latin books, or parts of books.The sheer scale of this collection offers a broad vista of new research questions, and we focus here on both the opportunities and challenges of computing over such a large space of heterogeneous texts. The works in this massive collection do not constitute a finely curated (or much less balanced) corpus of Latin; it is, instead, simply all the Latin that can be extracted, and in its reach of twenty-one centuries (from approximately 200 BCE to 1922 CE) arguably spans the greatest historical distance of any major textual collection today. While we might hope that the size and historical reach of this collection can eventually offer insight into grand questions such as the evolution of a language over both time and space, we must contend as well with the noise inherent in a corpus that has been assembled with minimal human intervention.
Agency, Structure, and Com parat ive Con texts : Toward a Synthetic lnteractionism

Recent sociological theorizing has addressed the relationship between agency and structure. Although this issue has not frequently been discussed by interactionists, it is implicitly critical to the perspective. As I argue, an interactionist approach can capture both the objective and subjective components of structures, settings, and events, while reminding us that contexts can be defined at all levels of generality and should be understood in reference to other contexts (a comparative contextapproach). I raise the core concepts of obdurateness, constraint, negotiation, sedimentation, symbolization, identification, and ritualization, attempting to generalize these concepts into a synthetic interactionism based on the grounding of action in the comparison of contexts. My goal is to develop an understanding of the “interaction order” that does justice to both order and interaction.
European colonialism and the Anthropocene: A view from the Pacific Coast of North America

Abstract This paper argues that European colonialism from AD 1500 to the early 1800s marked a fundamental transformation in human–environment interactions across much of the world. The rapid founding of various colonial enterprises, particularly mission and managerial colonies, unleashed mission agrarian systems, plantations, fur trade outposts, and commercial fishing and whaling ventures into various tropical and temperate ecosystems in the Americas, Oceania, India, Asia, and Africa, which had tremendous repercussions for indigenous faunal and floral populations. These colonial enterprises placed tremendous pressures on long-standing anthropogenic landscapes leading to significant modifications with the invasion of foreign species, the disruption of native habitats, the extermination of keystone species, and in some places, the loss of biodiversity. We conclude with a case study that considers how anthropogenic environments in Alta and Baja California created by native peoples over many centuries became entangled with mission ranching and commercial fur hunting. Our findings support a longer chronology for the Anthropocene than traditionally recognized.
Transient Radiative Cooling of a Layer Filled With Solidifying Drops

An analysis is carried out for radiative cooling of a plane layer initially filled with liquid drops that solidify and then continue to cool by loss of sensible heat. This is in connection with a proposed lightweight radiator system for heat dissipation in space. Hot liquid drops would be ejected and then cooled by direct exposure in space; they would then pass into a collector for reuse. The cooling analysis contains three transient zones. In the first, the drops cool by losing latent heat until the outermost drops become solid. Then the cooling continues by loss of both latent and sensible heat. A similarity behavior is eventually achieved in which the transient emittance of the layer depends only on the optical thickness.
Sequenced Ethylene−Propylene Copolymers: Effects of Short Ethylene Run Lengths

Two sequenced ethylene−propylene (EP) copolymers possessing methyl groups every fifth (EP5) or seventh (EP7) carbon have been prepared using an olefin metathesis polycondensation/hydrogenation strategy, thus generating methyl branched polyolefins with short ethylene run lengths of 4 or 6 carbons, respectively. Precise spacing of methyl branches along both copolymer backbones imparts pristine microstructure and targeted comonomer ratios in the copolymer. Extensive NMR spectral data are presented detailing polymer microstructure, branching analysis, and end-group identification. Thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry revealed multiple low-temperature relaxations for EP7 and glass transition temperature of −63 °C for EP5, and FT-IR analysis suggests no crystallinity under ambient conditions. A new ADMET monomer synthesis is also reported for the development of highly functionalized polyolefins or sequenced ethylene copolymers.
Kinetic Studies of the Reactions of Atomic Hydrogen with Iodoalkanes

Rate constants for the reaction of H atoms with the alkyl iodides iodomethane (1), deuterated iodomethane (1d), iodoethane (2), 2-iodopropane (3), and 2-iodo-2-methyl propane (4) have been measured using the flash-photolysis resonance fluorescence technique. The results are k1 = (6.3 ± 0.6) × 10-11 exp[((−5.0 ± 0.3) kJ mol-1)/RT] (T = 297−757 K), k1d = (8.0 ± 1.7) × 10-11 exp[((−5.3 ± 0.7) kJ mol-1)/RT] (T = 296−728 K), k2 = (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-10 exp[((−5.9 ± 0.8) kJ mol-1)/RT] (T = 295−624 K), k3 = 1.4 × 10-11 (T = 295 K) and k4 = 2.0 × 10-11 (T = 294 K) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The transition state for the substitution reaction H + CH3I → I + CH4 was characterized at the Gaussian-2 level of ab initio theory, and the process was shown to be slow. Evidence is presented showing that H-atom abstraction is also slow, and that the dominant pathway for the reactions of H atoms with iodoalkanes is I-atom abstraction.
The role of urinary prostaglandin E and cyclic AMP in the polyuria of hypokalemia in rats.

Abstract The effect of potassium depletion on urinary prostaglandin E and cyclic AMP excretion was studied in female Sprague-Dawley and in Brattleboro.rats. The animals were fed a potassium-free diet for 20 days which resulted in an average decrease in serum potassium of 25% in both strains.In the Sprague-Dawley rats, potassium depletion increased urine volume from 5.5 ± 0.9 ml/day to 25.9 ± 3.5 ml/day (p
Conceptual primitives in the English lexicon

Abstract The central component of intelligent natural language understanding systems is the lexicon. The lexicon contains the meaningful elements that allow the system to perform in an intelligent manner. Published dictionaries, as products of lexicographers’ research into the meanings of words, are an important source of information about the semantic structure of the lexicon of a language. This study reports on the results of research on the definitions of words, extracted from a published dictionary, which allows for positing a set of conceptual primitives in the lexicon of English.
Uptake of cyanocobalamin by escherichia coli B: corrinoid specificity and the relationship of a binder.

Abstract Further experimental observations support previous circumstantial evidence that binding activity released by osmotic shock functions in the initial step of cyanocobalamin (cyano-B12) transport. A similar specificity for cobalamins (as opposed to cobinamides) was found for the inhibition of cyano-B12[3H] uptake at 37 °, the repression of uptake, the inhibition of cyano-B12[3H] adsorption to whole cells at 0 °, and the inhibition of cyano-B12[3H]-binding to osmotic shock protein at 4 °. In confirmation of these findings, the rate of dicyanocobinamide [3H] uptake at 37 ° was only about 5% of that for cyano-B12[3H]. Osmotic shock, which was shown earlier to reduce 37 ° uptake, also decreased by 3–4-fold the amount of cyano-B12[3H] which whole cells could adsorb at 0 °. Moreover, when cyano-B12[3H] was adsorbed at 0 °, about 80% of it was lost when the washed cells were subsequently shocked. Only 7% was lost, however, if the cells were incubated several minutes at 37 ° to permit transport of the preadsorbed cyano-B12[3H]. Additionally, 0 °-adsorbed cyano-B12[3H] could be removed partially by subjecting whole cells to gel-filtration; whereas, 37 °-transported isotope could not. This and other data strongly indicate that the 0 °-adsorption to whole cells represents the attachment of cyano-B12[3H] to the binders released upon osmotic shock treatment. A cell wall location for the binders and a facilitated-diffusion uptake mechanism are also suggested by the combined data presented here and earlier.
Stabilizing C‐terminal tails on AraC

We examined the effects of the metabolic stability of random sequences appended to the C-terminus of the dimerization domain of the regulatory protein of the Escherichia coli arabinose operon, AraC. Genetic scoring utilized the trans dominant negative effect of the dimerization domain on the activity of intact AraC, and physical scoring used sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. We confirmed previous results obtained with Arc and lambda repressors that C-terminal charged residues tend to be stabilizing and that hydrophobic residues are destabilizing. Additionally, we found that the provision of a single, charged C-terminal residue conferred significant stability that was independent of interior sequence. Hence, it appears that in the engineering of proteins, flexible tails may be freely added, with only the identity of the C-terminal amino acid being restricted. Proteins 2001;42:177-181.
Intensity modulated radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: Early results show no decline in urinary continence, gastrointestinal, or sexual quality of life

Abstract Purpose Although postprostatectomy radiation therapy (PPRT) has been shown to improve cause-specific survival in select high-risk men, its use may be tempered by the concern for toxicity. Limited data exist regarding the nature of how it may adversely affect quality of life in the era of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods and Materials Between 2007 and 2010, 78 consecutive men received PPRT. Salvage RT was administered to 61 (78%) men and adjuvant RT to 17 (22%). The median dose of IMRT was 66.6 Gy (range, 60-72). Quality of life (QOL) data were prospectively collected using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 tool and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at 2-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-up visits. Paired t tests and multivariate longitudinal analysis were used to assess the QOL measures at baseline and follow-up. Results No significant changes were observed for any individual QOL domain or IPSS score from baseline through 2-year follow-up. Global urinary irritation or obstruction scores were unchanged to improved over time (82, 81, 89, and 88 at baseline, 2, 12, and 24 months, respectively; baseline to 24 months P = .06). Global urinary continence improved from baseline to 24 months in the subset of patients receiving adjuvant RT, who had higher rates of baseline urinary incontinence more than once daily (64% vs 28%, P = .03) and any pad use (73% vs 32%, P = .01) compared with the salvage subset. Global bowel domain scores were lower at 2 months but improved with time. Sexual domain scores were also reduced at 2 months but otherwise unaffected over follow-up. Conclusions Compared with baseline, PPRT does not appear to be associated with a significant decline in patient-reported urinary, bowel, or sexual QOL indices 2 years after completion.
Glutamate-enriched inputs from the mesopontine tegmentum to the entopeduncular nucleus in the rat.

In order to clarify the origin and to examine the synaptology of the projection from the mesopontine tegmentum to the entopeduncular nucleus, rats received discrete deposits of anterograde tracers in different regions of the mesopontine tegmentum. Anterogradely labelled fibres in the entopeduncular nucleus were analysed at the light and electron microscopic levels. To determine the neurochemistry of the projection, the distributions of GABA and glutamate immunoreactivity in anterogradely labelled boutons in the entopeduncular nucleus were studied by postembedding immunocytochemistry. The morphological characteristics of anterogradely labelled structures were compared to those of choline acetyltransferase-immunopositive structures. The anterograde tracing demonstrated that the projection to the entopeduncular nucleus arises from the area defined by the cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine region and from the more medial and largely non-cholinergic, midbrain extrapyramidal area. The anterogradely labelled terminals formed asymmetrical synaptic contacts with dendritic shafts, cell bodies and more rarely spines in the entopeduncular nucleus, and they were significantly enriched in glutamate immunoreactivity compared to identified GABAergic terminals in the same region. The morphology, trajectory and synaptology of the anterogradely labelled fibres showed similarities to those of choline acetyltransferase-immunopositive fibres and terminals, providing indirect evidence in support of previous suggestions that at least part of the projection is cholinergic. The structures postsynaptic to the anterogradely labelled boutons also received input from other classes of terminals that had the morphological and neurochemical characteristics of boutons derived from the neostriatum, globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. These findings imply that the mesopontine tegmentum sends a projection to the entopeduncular nucleus that is heterogeneous with respect to its origin and also possibly its neurochemistry. The synaptology of the projection underlies one route through which the mesopontine tegmentum can exert effects on movement by modulating the direct and indirect pathways of information flow through the basal ganglia.