cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplifications of the Poisson–Boltzmann Equation for the Electrostatic Interaction of Close Hydrophilic Surfaces in Water

Simple solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation for the electrostatic double-layer interaction of close, planar hydrophilic surfaces in water are evaluated. Four routes, being the weak overlap approximation, the Debye-Huckel linearization based on low electrostatic potentials, the Ettelaie-Buscall linearization based on small variations in the potential, and a new approach based on the fact that concentrations are virtually constant in the gap between close surfaces, are discussed. The Ettelaie-Buscall and constant-concentration approach become increasingly accurate for closer surfaces and are exact for touching surfaces, while the weak overlap approximation is exact for an isolated surface. The Debye-Huckel linearization is valid as long as potentials remain low, independent of separation. In contrast to the Ettelaie-Buscall approach and the weak overlap approximation, the Debye-Huckel linearization and constant-concentration approach can also be used for systems containing multivalent ions. Simulations in which the four approaches are compared with the PB equation for the constant-charge model, the constant-potential model, as being used in the DLVO theory, and the charge-regulation model are presented. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
EXPERIMENTAL TURBINE AERO-HEAT TRANSFER STUDIES IN ROTATING RESEARCH FACILITIES

The present paper deals with the experimental aero-heat transfer studies performed in rotating turbine research facilities. Turbine heat transfer research had significant progress in the last few decades. Since the full-scale operational conditions of a modern gas turbine dictate high temperatures well in excess of 3600 o F and pressure ratios ranging from 20 to 50, experimental forced convection heat transfer research on the gas side of a rotating turbine environment is a technically challenging task. The current paper provides a limited review of turbine heat transfer research in various facilities including short-duration blow-down and large-scale/low-speed turbine systems. Since the final status of any forced convection heat transfer problem is closely related to the detailed structure of momentum transfer in highly 3D, unsteady, rotating, and turbulent viscous flow environment, emphasis will also be placed on pertinent turbine aerodynamic features existing in turbines. The most significant parameters to simulate in a rotating aero-heat transfer facility can be listed as Reynolds number based on the blade chord, Mach number for compressibility and shock wave effects, tip speed, intensity and scale of free-stream turbulence, Strouhal number for the unsteady wake passing effects, free-stream to wall temperature ratio, coolant to free-stream temperature ratio, specific heat ratio, molecular Prandtl number of the operating gas and a rotation number for turbine aero heat transfer work performed under rotational conditions. A flow coefficient and a loading coefficient defined by the actual turbine hardware is typically maintained during laboratory testing.
Concomitant augmentation of type 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses during successful interferon-α and ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Abstract The combined interferon-α (IFN-α) and ribavirin (IFN-α/ribavirin) therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in sustained viral eradication in 31%–64% of the patients. Previous studies have strongly suggested that HCV-specific T-cell responses maybe modulated during this therapy. The objective of this study was to further define the effect of IFN-α/ribavirin therapy on type 1 and type 2 HCV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses during IFN-α/ribavirin therapy. Toward this, serial CD8 + T-cell responses to HCV-derived epitopes and CD4 + T-cell responses to the HCV core antigen were analyzed in four patients before (baseline), during (at 24 weeks), and at the end (at 48 weeks) of IFN-α/ribavirin therapy. Therapy-induced viral clearance in three patients was associated with a significant augmentation of HCV-specific type 1 CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses. In contrast, in a patient who did not respond to therapy, a significant HCV-specific CD4 + Th2 cell reactivity was observed accompanied by a lack of augmentation of the HCV-specific CD8 + T-cell reactivity. These results indicate that enhancement of HCV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses is an important factor in determining the response to the IFN-α/ribavirin therapy and the outcome of the HCV infection.
A statewide analysis of child safety seat use and misuse in Michigan

This study was designed to determine frequency of child safety seat use for children under the age of 4 years in Michigan, as well as to determine types of misuse. No state has previously conducted such a statewide survey. A two-stage sampling plan was used with data collected through direct observation at a sample of 88 child-care centers and pediatric clinics throughout the state. Misuse data were collected at a subset of the sites through driver interview and visual and hands-on inspection. The study results indicate that 74.5% of children under 4 years of age in Michigan are in safety seats with use highest in vehicles driven by belted drivers, females, and drivers under 60 years of age. Some degree of seat misuse was found in 88.5% of the inspections. The most common types of misuse were related to snugness of fit (both in installing the seat into the vehicle and in securing the child), use of the safety belt locking clip, and the harness positioning clip. Drivers who had a high occurrence of misuse, as compared with drivers with lower misuse, had lower educational levels, removed the seat frequently from their vehicle, were not the parent of the child, and had children who were both younger and smaller. The results show that efforts to encourage people to use child safety seats have been successful.
Archaeology as Indigenous Advocacy in Amazonia

Not so long ago, most anthropologists held a view of pre-Columbian Amazonian peoples as fairly uniform across the region and roughly identical to 20th century ethnographic groups- a view based on very scanty direct evidence. Attention was therefore directed at contemporary social forms and singlesited ethnography, which seemed well suited to studying the small, dispersed, and autonomous villages of the region. In recent decades, archaeology and ethnohistory document much greater variability through time and space, notably complex, regional social formations and broad regional social networks. At the same time, contemporary issues of cultural ‘property’ rights have drawn attention to the agency and dynamism of indigenous social formations. In light of new views on Amazonia, as dynamic, diverse, and unpredictable, the unique ability of archaeologists to consider longterm change provides a critical perspective in regional ethnology, although in-depth archaeological investigations are rare.
Influence of Hsp70s and their regulators on yeast prion propagation

Propagation of yeast prions requires normal abundance and activity of many protein chaperones. Central among them is Hsp70, a ubiquitous and essential chaperone involved in many diverse cellular processes that helps promote proper protein folding and acts as a critical component of several chaperone machines. Hsp70 is regulated by a large cohort of co-chaperones, whose effects on prions are likely mediated through Hsp70. Hsp104 is another chaperone, absent from mammalian cells, that resolubilizes proteins from aggregates. This activity, which minimally requires Hsp70 and its co-chaperone Hsp40, is essential for yeast prion replication. Although much is known about how yeast prions can be affected by altering protein chaperones, mechanistic explanations for these effects are uncertain. We discuss the variety of effects Hsp70 and its regulators have on different prions and how the effects might be due to the many ways chaperones interact with each other and with amyloid.
Microscopic and Macroscopic Dynamic Interface Shapes and the Interpretation of Dynamic Contact Angles.

Abstract We have studied shapes of dynamic fluid interfaces at distances ≤1700 μm from the moving contact line at capillary numbers (Ca) ranging from 10 −3 to 10 −1 . Near the moving contact line where viscous deformation is important, an analysis valid to O(1) in Ca describes the shape of the fluid interface. Static capillarity should describe the interface shape far from the contact line. We have quantitatively determined the extent of the regions described by the analysis with viscous deformation and by a static shape as a function of Ca. We observe a third portion of the interface between the two regions cited above, which is not described by either the analysis with viscous deformation or a static shape. In this third region the interface shape is controlled by viscous and gravitational forces of comparable magnitude. We detect significant viscous deformation even far from the contact line at Ca ∼> 0.01. Our measured dynamic contact angle parameter extracted by fitting the analysis with viscous deformation to the shape near the moving contact line coincides with the contact angle of the static-like shape far from the contact line. We measure and explain the discrepancy between this dynamic contact angle parameter and the apparent contact angles based on meniscus or apex heights. Our observations of viscous effects at large distances from the contact line have implications for dynamic contact angle measurements in capillary tubes.
Effect of verbal self-disclosure on natural killer cell activity: Moderating influence of cynical hostility

One objective of the present research was to examine the immunological effects of self-disclosing personal information regarding a traumatic or stressful experience. A second objective was to examine the hypothesis that the effect of self-disclosure on immune function is moderated by individual differences in cynical hostility. Forty-three male college undergraduates, classified as high or low on the Cook-Medley Hostility scale were randomly assigned to either a verbal self-disclosure or a nondisclosure discussion condition. Task-induced change in natural killer (NK) cell activity (i.e., cytotoxicity) served as the dependent variable. As predicted, a significant interaction between discussion condition and hostility was obtained. Among subjects in the self-disclosure condition, high hostility subjects exhibited a significantly greater increase in NK cell cytotoxicity than low hostility subjects. The effect of self-disclosure on NK cell activity is moderated by an individual's level of cynical hostility. The greater short term enhancement in NK cell activity observed for hostile persons is a likely correlate of a more pronounced acute arousal response elicited by the self-disclosure task.
Christian Bioethics, Secular Bioethics, and the Claim to Cultural Authority

Though the papers in this volume for the most part address the question, "What is Christian about Christian Bioethics", this paper addresses instead a closely related question, "How would a Christian approach to bioethics differ from the kind of secular academic bioethics that has emerged as such an important field in the contemporary university?" While it is generally assumed that a secular bioethics rooted in moral philosophy will be more culturally authoritative than an approach to bioethics grounded in the contingent particularities of a religious tradition, I will give reasons for rejecting this assumption. By examining the history of the recent revival of academic bioethics as well as the state of the contemporary moral philosophy on which it is based I will suggest that secular bioethics suffers from many of the same liabilities as a carefully articulated Christian bioethics. At the end of the paper I will turn briefly to examine the question of how, in light of this discussion, a Christian bioethics might best be pursued.
Relative form boundedness and compactness for a second-order differential operator

If A and L are self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space H such that A is nonnegative and L ≥ eI for some e > 0 we study conditions under which A is form bounded or form compact with respect to L and contrast these concepts with the stronger properties that A be relatively operator bounded or compact with respect to L. In particular several definitions of form compactness are shown to be equivalent. The principal application of the theory is to self-adjoint second order operators. In this case conditions that A be form bounded or form compact with respect to L are shown in some cases to be necessary and sufficient. Examples include the energy operator of the hydrogen atom.
Technological concerns for library managers

Library managers face a variety of questions and concerns related to information technology on a daily basis. These include the relative merits of interpersonal and communication skills compared with technical abilities; the organisational structure that should be utilised in the distribution of computing resources; the policies that need to be created (or enforced) in relation to the personal use of business computers; issues surrounding computer usage problems (such as carpal tunnel syndrome) that pose potential threats to staff productivity; and the library manager’s pursuit of the “cutting edge” of technology. This study uses qualitative survey data to find patterns and themes among librarians in regard to their attitudes toward managing technology and technological change. It includes a selection of categorised survey responses, interpretation of the data by the author, and suggestions for further research.
ENTANGLEMENT AND QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITION IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM OF QUANTUM DOTS WITH DISORDER

We study the entanglement of formation and quantum phase transition in a one-dimensional quantum dot system with disorder modeled by the Hubbard Hamiltonian. The entanglement for three different cases is studied: the homogeneous case, the impurity case of symmetric electron hopping, and asymmetric electron hopping. We find that the local entanglement of the system can be tuned by introducing different impurities characterized by the physical parameters of the system. In particular, for certain parameters, the entanglement is negligible up to a critical point Uc, where a quantum phase transition occurs, and is different from zero above Uc.
Diffuse venous thromboemboli associated with IVIg therapy in the treatment of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: case report and review

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe invasive disease with a 40–80% mortality rate. Inflammatory cytokines induced by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs) produce the clinical manifestations of a flu-like syndrome, followed by high fevers and multiorgan failure. Previously published reports have described the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) as adjunctive treatment for STSS. However, concerns have been raised about the thromboembolic complications of this therapy. We report a severe case of STSS treated with two adjunctive courses of IVIg complicated by severe bilateral pulmonary thromboemboli. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of thromboemboli associated with IVIg for STSS. The results of this case support the cautious use of IVIg for STSS and demonstrate the need for controlled trials to determine the appropriate timing, dosage, and course of treatment.
Rice brans, rice bran oils, and rice hulls: composition, food and industrial uses, and bioactivities in humans, animals, and cells.

Rice plants produce bioactive rice brans and hulls that have been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects in cells, animals, and humans. The main objective of this review is to consolidate and integrate the widely scattered information on the composition and the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects of rice brans from different rice cultivars, rice bran oils derived from rice brans, rice hulls, liquid rice hull smoke derived from rice hulls, and some of their bioactive compounds. As part of this effort, this paper also presents brief summaries on the preparation of health-promoting foods including bread, corn flakes, frankfurters, ice cream, noodles, pasta, tortillas, and zero-trans-fat shortening as well as industrial products such bioethanol and biodiesel fuels. Also covered are antibiotic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, allelochemical, and other beneficial effects and the mechanisms of the bioactivities. The results show that food-comp...
PROLACTIN KINASE ACTIVITY IN BOVINE ANTERIOR PITUITARY SUB-CELLULAR FRACTIONS

Abstract Bovine anterior pituitary cells phosphorylate prolactin (PRL). We describe the phosphorylation of endogenous and exogenous bPRL in highly enriched subcellular fractions of bovine anterior pituitary using [γ-32P]-ATP. 32P-labeling of endogenous and exogenous bPRL occurred in all subcellular membrane fractions, but most significantly in the fraction enriched for secretory granules. Zn2+ (0.8 mM), Cu2+ (0.8 mM), and Mn2+ (9.8 mM) increased bPRL phosphorylation by 268, 214, and 154%, respectively, relative to basal phosphorylation with no added cations. Neither Mg2+ (10 mM) nor Ca2+ (0.9 mM) increased bPRL phosphorylation above basal levels. Phosphorylation was dependent on the concentration of Zn2+ with an apparent Km of 570 μM. bPRL phosphorylation occurred over a wide pH range of 5.9–8.3, with the greatest activity at pH of 6.7 or greater. Phosphorylation of bPRL was time-dependent. The apparent Kms of the bPRL kinase for exogenous bPRL and ATP were 15.3 and 267 μM, respectively. bPRL incorporation of 32P was unaffected by the presence of calcium and calmodulin, cAMP, phosphotidylserine and diolein, or spermine. From these results we conclude that in vitro phosphorylation of bPRL occurs under physiological conditions that would be found in pituitary cells.
Risk factors for childhood burn injuries: a case-control study from Greece

During a 12-month period 239 children who presented with a burn injury at the Emergency Department of a teaching children's hospital in Athens, with city-wide coverage, and 239 gender- and age-matched controls with minor non-injury ailments were interviewed. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their families, information allowing the construction of a burn avoidance index in their homes and items from the Achenback scale that were synthesized into a child activity score. The data were analyzed through conditional logistic regression. In general, socio-demographic variables were not of overwhelming importance, although some of the findings indicate that supervision lapses and barefoot walking of gypsy children increase the risk of burn injuries. The kitchen in an inherently high risk place for injuries and the powerful inverse association of the burn avoidance index with burn injury risk points towards steps that could be easily taken and impart substantial protection. There was no evidence in this study of burn injury proneness or that hyperactivity of the child increased the risk of burn injury; indeed, the results point in the opposite direction. Our results strongly support the view that childhood burn injuries are largely environmentally conditioned and, accordingly, easily preventable.
An agent based model of the E-Mini S&P 500 applied to flash crash analysis

We propose a zero-intelligence agent-based model of the E-Mini S&P 500 futures market, which allows for a close examination of the market microstructure. Several classes of agents are characterized by their order speed and order placement within the limit order book. These agents' orders populate the simulated market in a way consistent with real world participation rates. By modeling separate trading classes the simulation is able to capture interactions between classes, which are essential to recreating market phenomenon. The simulated market is validated against empirically observed characteristics of price returns and volatility. We therefore conclude that our agent based simulation model can accurately capture the key characteristics of the nearest months E-Mini S&P 500 futures market. Additionally, to illustrate the applicability of the simulation, experiments were run, which confirm the leading hypothesis for the cause of the May 6th 2010 Flash Crash.
Electrophysiological correlates of semantic features.

Analyses of averaged auditory evoked responses to a list of 10 positive and 10 negative words led to the identification of a restricted region in the brain response which reliably discriminated between words differing in the semantic features “positive” and “negative.” These data support the view that word meanings are composed of more basic components or features and are not stored simply as dictionary items in the brain.
Gap opening in graphene by simple periodic inhomogeneous strain

Using ab initio methods we show first that the uniform deformation either leaves graphene (semi)metallic or opens up a small gap (yet only beyond its mechanical breaking point), contrary to claims in the literature based on tight-binding (TB) calculations. It is possible however to open up a global gap by a sine-like inhomogeneous deformation applied along any direction but the armchair one, with the largest gap along the zigzag direction ($\ensuremath{\sim}$$1.0$ eV) and without any electrostatic gating. The gap opening has a threshold character with very sharp rise when the ratio of the amplitude $A$ and the period of the sine wave deformation $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ exceeds (${A/\ensuremath{\lambda})}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}0.1$ and the inversion symmetry is preserved, while it is thresholdless when the symmetry is broken. The gap opening occurs in graphene mesh on boron-nitride substrate.
SU-E-T-399: Improving Gated Delivery Efficiency Using Brief Breath Holds at Both Inhale and Exhale

Purpose: Respiration‐gated intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated radiation therapy (VMAT) deliver the treatment beam at a single phase to reduce dose uncertainties resulting from respiratory‐induced organ motion. In some cases, gating can significantly prolong treatment times, leading to increased patient discomfort, treatment duration, and dose uncertainty due to patient postural shifts. To decrease treatment duration without increasing dose uncertainty, we propose dual‐gating in conjunction with with alternating coached five to ten second breath holds at inhale and exhale. In this study, we examine the feasibility of maintaining reproducible inhale and exhale RPM marker positions in a healthy volunteer and compare the expected dual‐gated delivery speedup over the free breathing case.Materials/Methods: Varian Real‐Time Position Management (RPM) respiratory signals from a volunteer were recorded during free breathing and during alternating ten second inspiration and exhalation breath hold coaching. The signals were then processed to examine the volunteer's ability to consistently reproduce RPM marker position during subsequent breath holds. Conventionally‐gated and dual‐gated treatment times were simulated for a given treatment plan under both normal and alternating breath hold conditions and compared. Results: Dual‐gated delivery under free breathing increases the duty cycle from 30.3% to 58.3% as compared with gating at exhale only. Alternated breath hold coaching further improves the duty cycle to 85.1%. Treatment delivery requiring 29.05 minutes to complete under normal exhale gating conditions is reduced to 16.58 minutes for dual‐gating during free breathing and only 5.88 minutes with dual‐gated alternated breath holds. RPM marker reproducibility was within 8% over the course of the delivery time. Conclusion: While additional improvements and testing are necessary, dual‐gated treatment delivery during alternated breath hold coaching is a feasible method for increasing duty cycle and thus improving treatment efficiency for tumors undergoing respiratory‐motion.
Formulating Priorities for International School Psychology toward the Turn of the Twentieth Century

Various points identified in this Special Issue by Nixon, Wechsler and Guzzo, Xie, Guillemard, Ezeilo and Dubrovina in their response to our survey data are summarized. The major themes discussed in this article include the need to strike a balance between professional uniformity and diversity, to maintain a strong research commitment, to develop and maintain strong professional associations at national and international levels, to create an international institute on school psychology, to conduct subsequent international studies on school psychology and to design them so as to overcome possible limitations in the current study.
Priming with endotoxin increases acute lung injury in mice by enhancing the severity of lung endothelial injury

Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a commonly used model. However, the effect of a priming dose of endotoxin on lung fluid balance has not been well studied. We hypothesized that endotoxin-induced ALI in mice would be enhanced under a priming condition. Mice were intratracheally (IT) instilled with either a priming dose of endotoxin from E. coli (0.5 mg/kg) or equal volume of PBS. Eighteen hours later, a larger challenge dose of endotoxin (5 mg/kg) was given IT. Control mice received PBS only. After 24 hr, the mice were sacrificed and the degree of lung injury and inflammation were measured. Endotoxin priming increased body weight loss and worsened hypothermia. Extravascular lung water and lung endothelial permeability were higher in the primed group. Priming with endotoxin reduced alveolar fluid clearance; however, there was no effect on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The primed group had increased alveolar inflammation as demonstrated by increased numbers of neutrophils in the BAL. There was no significant difference in NF-κB p65 in the lung nuclear extract among the experimental groups. Taken together, priming with a small dose of endotoxin followed by a larger challenge dose of endotoxin induces more systemic illness and increased pulmonary edema in mice, largely due to increased lung endothelial permeability and lung inflammation. This model should be useful to investigators studying ALI who want to simulate the clinical setting in which more than one insult often leads to greater clinical lung injury. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Failure to produce hepatic hyperplastic nodules in rats by portacaval anastomosis and testosterone

Failure to produce hepatic hyperplastic nodules in rats by portacaval anastomosis and testosterone
Lovastatin in the Treatment of Multifactorial Hyperlipidemia Associated With Proteinuria

The efficacy and safety of lovastatin as a hypolipidemic agent were evaluated in ten adult patients with secondary hypocchoeesterolemia due to proteinuria (>2 g/d) and (in seven patients) concurrent corticosteroid therapy. Patients were on a low-cholesterol diet throughout the study. After a 4-week baseline period, patients were randomized to receive either placebo or 10 mg lovastatin twice daily for a period of 6 weeks. The dose of lovastatin was increased to 20 mg twice daily for 6 weeks, and 40 mg twice daily for 6 weeks in the latter group. Those patients who received placebo for the first 6 weeks subsequently received 10, 20, and 40 mg of lovastatin twice daily in a stepped dose regimen, with each dose given for 6 weeks. Lovastatin was well tolerated by all patients and none withdrew from the study. Baseline plasma cholesterol concentrations (390 ± 20 mg/dL; mean ± SEM) decreased 22% ( P P
SELF‐CONSTRUCTS AND ANXIETY ACROSS CULTURES

This study examined the factorial structure of three related constructs, math self-concept, math self-efficacy, and math anxiety, across 41 countries. One factorial structure was achieved at both between- and within-country levels. Within-country variations of the self-constructs were also noted in relation to math performance: Self-concept showed the strongest correlations in some Western European countries, but it was self-efficacy that demonstrated the strongest correlations among Asian and Eastern European countries. Findings also indicate that students in some Asian countries have low math self-concept and math self-efficacy and high math anxiety despite high math performance, while students in some Western European countries have high math performance and low levels of math anxiety.
Delirium in the older person with cancer

Delirium occurs in 25-40% of patients with cancer and in as many as 85% of patients with advanced cancer. Delirium, or acute confusion, can be short term and reversible and differs from dementia, which is chronic and irreversible. Accurate assessment is critical for effective treatment and to reduce the increased mortality associated with delirium. Assessment for differentiating depression as well as dementia is needed, because mistaken diagnoses often prolong and exacerbate the symptoms of delirium. Different treatment strategies are appropriate depending on the cause(s) of confusion. In this article, risk factors and assessment tools are reviewed, and interventions for delirium in older persons with cancer are presented. Future areas for research are identified, because there is a paucity of research on delirium in older patients with cancer.
Aortic cusp involvement causing severe aortic regurgitation in a case of relapsing polychondritis

A case with relapsing polychondritis is described where primary involvement of the aortic valve cusps produced severe aortic regurgitation requiring valve replacement. An aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta developing later led to disruption of the prosthesis requiring re-operation. Superior vena caval obstruction, an abdominal aortic aneurysm which ruptured and required resection, and obstructive lesions in common iliac arteries, presumably the result of the same process that involved the aorta and the cartilaginous structures, were also seen.
Does emotional memory enhancement assist the memory-impaired?

We review recent work on emotional memory enhancement in older adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer dementia and evaluate the viability of incorporating emotional components into cognitive rehabilitation for these groups. First, we identify converging evidence regarding the effects of emotional valence on working memory in healthy aging. Second, we introduce work that suggests a more complex role for emotional memory enhancement in aging and identify a model capable of unifying disparate research findings. Third, we identify neuroimaging evidence that the amygdala may play a key role in mediating emotional memory enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer dementia. Finally, we assess the theoretical feasibility of incorporating emotional content into cognitive rehabilitation given all available evidence.
Lifetimes of Resonance Lines of Cadmium

The mean lifetime of the triplet resonance line ${5}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{5}^{3}{P}_{1}$, 3261A, of cadmium was measured by the alternating voltage method. The value found was 2.14\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ second, with an estimated precision of three percent. Similar measurements made to determine the mean lifetime of the singlet resonance line, ${5}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{5}^{1}{P}_{1}$, 2288A, showed that the excitation which resulted in the emission of this line was mainly due to cascading from a higher level (or levels) by infra-red transitions, the excitation to the ${5}^{1}{P}_{1}$ level by electron impact being relatively much less probable than that to the higher level. The lifetime of the infra-red transition was found to be 9.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ second. From the form of the curve showing the dependence of the persistence of the radiation emitted by the excitation tube upon the vapor concentration, the mean lifetime of the 2288A transition was estimated as approximately 2.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ second. The lifetime of the subordinate series lines 5086-4800-4678A was found to be ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ second, but since the measurements were affected by absorption and re-emission of the radiation, this value can be taken only as the maximum possible value of this lifetime. For the diffuse subordinate series lines, ${5}^{3}P\ensuremath{-}{5}^{3}D$, similar measurements showed that their lifetime was not greater than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ second.
An instrument for teaching clinometry

Abstract By combining a compass, counterweight and gimbal, an instrument for simultaneous measurement of dip, strike, pitch, plunge and trend data has been constructed. The instrument automatically locates the strike of the surface on which it is placed. It may serve as a useful teaching aid in the structural laboratory.
Yikes! Are plant control and power assets safe from cyber-attacks?

There are several online monitoring techniques at facilities for critical equipment and asset management. In a world where automated control and power systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, Oil and Gas producers find themselves in the difficult position of trying to secure all of their mission critical assets. Although control and power device manufacturers have improved the security capability of their products, many production facilities have control and power assets that are several generations old. Most Oil and Gas Producers are currently, or have already formulated, migration plans to transition to the newer more capable devices. There is a catch. The greatest impediment which arises within the transition to more secure technologies is the lack of comprehensive or accurate installed control asset data. This paper will discuss several systems that have been used for a non-intrusive, scalable and widely applicable control and power asset information management solutions and how they support ISA 99, NIST 800-82 and IEC-62443. The facilities can be shown to provide continuous dynamic asset data and have also been provided for system health and condition monitoring of controls systems.
Kinematics of compensatory vowel shortening: the effect of speaking rate and coda composition on intra- and inter-articulatory timing

Abstract The acoustic shortening of vowels has been demonstrated to occur across a variety of contextual variations, including speaking rate and coda composition (i.e., singleton consonant vs. consonant cluster). The current study examined two possible types of kinematic adjustments which may account for changes in vowel duration. Results indicated that increased speaking rates were effected by changes primarily in the dynamic specification of the jaw opening gesture, but may also have occurred in combination with increased articulatory overlap of the vowel by the successive consonant(s). Consonant cluster productions appeared to be effected solely by increased articulatory overlap, with these kinematic adjustments being maintained across the different speaking rates. As the timing of the jaw closing onset shifted earlier for cluster productions, the relative timing of the upper lip and jaw did not remain invariant. Substantial intersubject variation was observed in the implementation of these kinematic strategies. These findings suggest that, in order to achieve the intended acoustic-perceptual goals, both intra- and inter-articulatory timing may not be absolutely invariant, but rather, systematically and individually organized across task manipulations.
Condensation of a chain polymer molecule

A new expression for the expansion coefficient of a flexible chain polymer molecule can be given in such a way that its first term corresponds to the case with only a hard-sphere repulsion and the other terms represent the effects of attraction between the segments. For low and high temperatures, more convenient expressions are used to find a possible condensation into a liquid-like condensed state from a gas-like state. It is found that in the condensed state, the square average end-to-end distance varies as Nϵ, where N is the number of segments and the exponent ϵ is around 0.6 in contrast to 1.2 for the high temperature case.
Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Soil Aggregates

Soil and crop management practices have a profound impact on carbon (C) sequestration, but the mechanisms of interaction between soil structure and soil organic C (SOC) dynamics are not well understood. Understanding how an aggregate stores and protects SOC is essential to developing proper management practices to enhance SOC sequestration. The objectives of this article are to: (1) describe the importance of plants and soil functions on SOC sequestration, (2) review the mechanisms of SOC sequestration within aggregates under different vegetation and soil management practices, (3) explain methods of assessing distribution of SOC within aggregates, and (4) identify knowledge gaps with regards to SOC and soil structural dynamics. The quality and quantity of plant residues define the amount of organic matter and thus the SOC pool in aggregates. The nature of plant debris (C:N ratio, lignin content, and phenolic compound content) affects the rate of SOC sequestration. Mechanisms of interaction of aggregate dy...
A Sequential Union of the Maximum Principle and Dynamic Programming

Abstract A sequential application of two powerful optimization techniques, the maximum principle and dynamic programming, is presented. Two optimization problems, one for a process without feedback and one for a process with an internal point feedback, are analytically solved.
Chronic pain control by means of an epidural catheter. Report of a case with description of the method

The feasibility of long-term epidural catheterization for control of chronic pain from sacral metastases has been demonstrated. Infection was not a problem and obstruction of the catheter did not occur. The short duration of action of currently available drugs was the major limitation of the technique. The technique described merits further investigation as an alternative to currently available methods.
Gender Division of Labor in Two Javanese Villages

This paper investigates gender division in agricultural labor and decision-making in two villages in the special province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on surveys, interviews, and field observation conducted during 1995 and 1996. The two villages differ in how agricultural tasks are allocated. The 'traditional' gender division of labor in agricultural activities is closely adhered to in the rural village. There is an indication that men in the urban village are involved in the tasks previously assumed to be women's. Women contribute less labor to agriculture in the more urbanized village, but are more involved in decision-making about agriculture. There is evidence of a corresponding increase in paid labor employed in planting and harvesting, tasks that are traditionally performed by village women, suggesting a process of substituting male paid labor for women's labor. 1
Enhancing volatile fatty acid (VFA) and bio-methane production from lawn grass with pretreatment

Abstract The bioconversion of fiber-based carbohydrates during anaerobic digestion (AD) is impeded due to the recalcitrant nature of the plant cell wall. Pretreatment of lignocellulose materials under mild conditions are needed to improve the digestibility at minimum cost. This study investigated the effects of different pretreatments, including ozone, soaking aqueous ammonia (SAA), combined ozone and SAA (OSAA), and size reduction to enhance volatile fatty acid (VFA) and bio-methane production when lawn grass was used as substrate. To study VFA production, methanogenesis was selectively inhibited by sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate to decouple the relation between VFA and bio-methane. The enzymatic hydrolysis of SAA (residence time 24 h at 50 °C) and OSAA (10 min ozonation and 6 h of SAA) in pretreatment of lawn grass sample resulted in 86.71% and 89.63% sugar recovery, respectively. The specific methane yields of the control, ozone, SAA, OSAA, and size-reduced grass samples were 402.5, 358.8, 481.0, 462.6, and 358.3 ml CH4/g volatile solid (VS), respectively.
Temperature-induced Phase Changes in the Membranes of Glyoxysomes, Mitochondria, and Proplastids from Germinating Castor Bean Endosperm

Sucrose-gradient purified mitochondria, glyoxysomes, and proplastids from germinating castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) endosperm were examined by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy. A temperature-induced phase change was demonstrated in all of these organelles, their derivative membranes, and in micelles formed from the membrane phospholipids. The apparent transition temperature of the membrane lipids varied slightly between the samples, but in all cases, fell within the temperature range around 10 C where physiological and biochemical changes in the response to temperature for most chilling-sensitive plants occur.
Curricular Information Demand in Theological Degrees: Operationalizing a Key Concept for Library Services

If seminary libraries exist to support student information needs, then librarians need specific knowledge about how a given school's curriculum shapes such needs. This article puts forward a model of the intended curriculum in master's-level theological education. Based on analysis of the intended theological curriculum (giving special attention to the use of student time), the author posits curricular information demand (CID) as a way to describe with precision how courses and degree programs expect students to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information. CID has a weaker measure based on analysis of syllabi and a stronger measure based on analysis of actual student work. The author presents examples of CID for courses at Austin Presbyterian Theological School. Finally, the author calls for research to analyze the usefulness of the model.
Berceo the Learned: The Ordo Prophetarum in the Loores de Nuestra Señora

(1984). Berceo the Learned: The Ordo Prophetarum in the Loores de Nuestra Senora. Kentucky Romance Quarterly: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 291-304.
Wave control of vibrations in multi-story planar frame structures based on classical vibration theories

Abstract An active control approach to vibrations in multi-story planar frame structures is presented in this paper. The controller is designed from a wave vibration standpoint, in which vibrations are described as waves that propagate along uniform waveguides, and are reflected and transmitted upon structural discontinuities. Regardless of the complexity of a structure, from the wave point of view it consists of only two basic types of structural components, namely, structural elements and joints. In this paper, vibrations in a multi-story planar frame structure are controlled through controlling its structural elements and its joints.
Cloning and Functional Analysis of the Rhesus Macaque ABCG2 Gene FORCED EXPRESSION CONFERS AN SP PHENOTYPE AMONG HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENY IN VIVO

Hematopoietic cells can be highly enriched for repopulating ability based upon the efflux of the fluorescent Hoechst 33342 dye by sorting for SP (side population) cells, a phenotype attributed to expression of ABCG2, a member of the ABC transporter superfamily. Intriguingly, murine studies suggest that forced ABCG2 expression prevents hematopoietic differentiation. We cloned the full-length rhesus ABCG2 and introduced it into a retroviral vector. ABCG2-transduced human peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) acquired the SP phenotype but showed significantly reduced growth compared with control. Two rhesus macaques received autologous PBPCs split for transduction with the ABCG2 or control vectors. Marking levels were similar between fractions with no discrepancy between bone marrow and peripheral blood marking. Analysis for the SP phenotype among bone marrow and mature blood populations confirmed ABCG2 expression at levels predicted by vector copy number long term, demonstrating no block to differentiation in the large animal. In vitro studies showed selective protection against mitoxantrone among ABCG2-transduced rhesus PBPCs. Our results confirm the existence of rhesus ABCG2, establish its importance in conferring the SP phenotype, suggest no detrimental effect of its overexpression upon differentiation in vivo, and imply a potential role for its overexpression as an in vivo selection strategy for gene therapy applications.
XRCC3 promotes homology-directed repair of DNA damage in mammalian cells

Homology-directed repair of DNA damage has recently emerged as a major mechanism for the maintenance of genomic integrity in mammalian cells. The highly conserved strand transferase, Rad51, is expected to be critical for this process. XRCC3 possesses a limited sequence similarity to Rad51 and interacts with it. Using a novel fluorescence-based assay, we demonstrate here that error-free homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks is decreased 25-fold in an XRCC3-deficient hamster cell line and can be restored to wild-type levels through XRCC3 expression. These results establish that XRCC3-mediated homologous recombination can reverse DNA damage that would otherwise be mutagenic or lethal.
The Group as Mentor

In recent years, several significant studies of creativity have highlighted the importance of apprenticeship experiences in shaping the potential of young scientists, artists, thinkers, performers, and entrepreneurs. Walberg et al. (1980) found that at least two-thirds of their sample of eminent personalities had been exposed to people of distinction in their field during early life experiences. Simonton (1984, 1988) showed that role models, whether impersonal paragons or personal mentors, played an irreplaceable role in the lives of most creative individuals. Feldman (1999) echoed the same point, and Gardner (1993), after reviewing the lives of Freud, Picasso, Einstein, Stravinsky, T. S. Eliot, Martha Graham, and Gandhi, found it inconceivable to envision any mature expert or creator devoid of competent mentoring.
SeRLoc: secure range-independent localization for wireless sensor networks

In many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN), sensors are deployed un-tethered in hostile environments. For location-aware WSN applications, it is essential to ensure that sensors can determine their location, even in the presence of malicious adversaries. In this paper we address the problem of enabling sensors of WSN to determine their location in an un-trusted environment. Since localization schemes based on distance estimation are expensive for the resource constrained sensors, we propose a range-independent localization algorithm called SeRLoc. SeRLoc is distributed algorithm and does not require any communication among sensors. In addition, we show that SeRLoc is robust against severe WSN attacks, such as the wormhole attack, the sybil attack and compromised sensors. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work that provides a security-aware range-independent localization scheme for WSN. We present a threat analysis and comparison of the performance of SeRLoc with state-of-the-art range-independent localization schemes.
Potassium dependent rescue of a myopathy with core-like structures in mouse

Myopathies decrease muscle functionality. Mutations in ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) are often associated with myopathies with microscopic core-like structures in the muscle fiber. In this study, we identify a mouse RyR1 model in which heterozygous animals display clinical and pathological hallmarks of myopathy with core-like structures. The RyR1 mutation decreases sensitivity to activated calcium release and myoplasmic calcium levels, subsequently affecting mitochondrial calcium and ATP production. Mutant muscle shows a persistent potassium leak and disrupted expression of regulators of potassium homeostasis. Inhibition of KATP channels or increasing interstitial potassium by diet or FDA-approved drugs can reverse the muscle weakness, fatigue-like physiology and pathology. We identify regulators of potassium homeostasis as biomarkers of disease that may reveal therapeutic targets in human patients with myopathy of central core disease (CCD). Altogether, our results suggest that amelioration of potassium leaks through potassium homeostasis mechanisms may minimize muscle damage of myopathies due to certain RyR1 mutations.