cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual-function ultra-thin a-Si solar cells for color generation and power harvesting

Converting the absorbed light in color filters to electric power is challenging since conventional solar cells are too thick for efficient photon management. We investigate ultra-thin a-Si PVs, producing transmission colors with high angular tolerance.
Terrain evaluation for assessment of highways in the mountainous eastern mediterranean of Lebanon

Infrastructural development is time consuming and costly, especially for highways in rugged mountainous terrains which are typical of the Eastern Mediterranean. Doing it properly requires an economic and time effective approach. The Australian P.U.C.E. (Province. Pattern, Unit. Component Evaluation) terrain evaluation system is such an approach. It proved very efficient in evaluating the terrain of the mountainous Chouf area in Lebanon. This helped to assess a 18 km stretch of highway.
Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development in Zebrafish

Cardiac transcription factors orchestrate the complex cellular and molecular events required to produce a functioning heart. Misregulation of the cardiac transcription program leads to embryonic developmental defects and is associated with human congenital heart diseases. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the regulation of cardiac gene expression at an additional layer, involving the coordination of epigenetic and transcriptional regulators. In this review, we highlight and discuss discoveries made possible by the genetic and embryological tools available in the zebrafish model organism, with a focus on the novel functions of cardiac transcription factors and epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory proteins during cardiogenesis.
Immunopathogenesis of crescentic glomerulonephritis and lung purpura.

A 61-year-old white woman was referred to the University Hospital for management of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. One week prior to admission, she developed a cough productive of a small amount of bloody sputum; the cough and hemoptysis became worse over the succeeding week. Chest x-ray showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in a "butterfly" pattern. She was admitted to another hospital, where she was found to be hypoxic. Arterial blood gas analysis (with the patient breathing room air) showed pH, 7.42; PCO2, 36 mm Hg; and P02, 58 mm Hg. At this time she was coughing up about one-quarter cup of bright red blood per hour. Urinalysis showed 3 + proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and many granular and red blood cell casts/high-power field. The BUN and serum creatinine were 38 and 2.5 mgldl respectively. Three months earlier (at the time of an elective cholecystectomy) the BUN had been 20 mg/dl; serum creatinine, 1.5 mg/dl; and hematocrit, 31%. The patient was treated with erythromycin, oxygen, and blood transfusion, and was transferred to the University Hospital with the provisional diagnosis of Goodpasture 's syndrome. Careful questioning disclosed that the patient had experienced frontal headaches and nasal congestion for approximately one year. On one occasion, she had been treated with topical antibiotics for pain and "conjunctivitis" of the left eye. She also had experienced intermittent arthralgia and stiffness of the elbows, wrists, and knees for several months. She had not experienced fever, chest pain, rash, hair loss, oral
Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, self-nurturance, and heart-healthy behaviors in women.

BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVE A woman's risk for developing cardiovascular disease dramatically increases with the number of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). Early intervention to treat and address the risk for CVRFs can substantially reduce cardiovascular disease in women. However, women's knowledge of CVRFs is poor, despite national media campaigns since 1997. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate knowledge of CVRFs, level of self-nurturance, and heart-healthy behaviors in 35- to 55-year-old women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional survey study was guided by the Nemcek Wellness Model, which proposes that health is enhanced through self-nurturance. Premenopausal women from medically underserved areas/populations or professional shortage areas were recruited from a chain discount department store on weekday evenings and weekend days. Women (N = 147) self-completed a survey on demographic information, measures of knowledge about CVRFs, participation in daily physical activity, and daily dietary intake. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Most participants were white (94.9%), with a mean age of 45.2 years. Participating women's knowledge of CVRFs was higher than previously reported, but was not significantly (P > .05) related to any heart-healthy behaviors studied. Self-nurturance was moderately correlated with heart-healthy dietary intake scores (P = .002), but did not add further explanatory power for heart-healthy behaviors. The model's key concepts of knowledge and self-nurturance provided minimal explanatory power in this study. These data suggest that women are becoming more knowledgeable about CVRFs but that increased knowledge has not been translated into behaviors that would sustain heart health. Future research is needed to explore the "intention-behavior gap" between knowing what one should do and implementing the recommended behavior changes and to assist women in translating knowledge of CVRFs into heart-healthy behaviors.
Complementary Learning Objectives: The Common Competencies of Leadership and Service-Learning

This chapter provides a framework for intentionally designing service-learning experiences that contribute to leadership competency development of students. Assessment of leadership competency development is also addressed.
An Analytic Solution for the P5P Problem with an Uncalibrated Camera

Classical PnP problem is based on an important precondition that the intrinsic parame- ters of a camera are known.But it is more valuable in real applications to investigate the PnP problem with an uncalibrated camera.In this paper,an analytic solution for the P5P problem with an uncalibrated four-parameter pinhole camera is proposed.The position and orientation of a camera with respect to world coordinate frame and intrinsic parameter of the camera can be ob- tained together by solving this problem.According to projection equations of five control points and properties of rotation matrix,the analysis is performed first by writing a suitable sixteen equations in sixteen unknowns.Then,by a specifically-developed elimination scheme,the equa- tion set that is consisted of the sixteen equations is reduced to a biquadratic polynomial equation with only one unknown.Last,we confirm the P5P problem with an uncalibrated four-parameter pinhole camera has at most 4 solutions,generally.A large number of synthetic experiments show that on the one hand the robustness of this method is very strong,on the other hand the results are very accurate for fast determination of extrinsic parameters.The algorithm might well be used for object pose estimation,hand-eye coordination and laridmark-guided navigation.
The Learning Affordances of Augmented Reality for Museum Exhibits on Human Health

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology with the potential to transform learning. By digitally adding or removing information from the physical world, AR creates a sense that real and virtual objects coexist, and can enhance people's interactions both with each other and with objects in the world. Most museum implementations of AR have been in the realms of art and history. Using examples from across formal and informal settings, this article illustrates the learning affordances of AR for museums that aim to communicate concepts related to human health. These topics often present spatiotemporal challenges for learning, but can be made more accessible to learners when contextualized within personally, socially, and culturally relevant contexts. After briefly reviewing research on learning with AR, the article examines how museum designers might leverage AR's capacity for spatial and temporal representation, narrative and interactivity, real-time personalized scaffolds, and collaboration, t...
Automated cation-exchange chromatography of peptides at a high sensitivity (0–0.1 absorbance range) (Short Communication)

A method is described where leaching of the column resin by pyridine–acetate buffers is minimal and excessive rise of the base-line of the chromatogram is avoided. The method can be used to fractionate peptide mixtures at a concentration of 2–20nmol/component.
Food hypersensitivity in otolaryngology. Manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.

The manifestations of food allergy in the discipline of otlaryngo-logy are legion. Understanding the whys and hows of this important topic is imperative for the otolaryngologist. Topics discussed include diet hypersensitivity, and the manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of food allergies.
A Counternarrative Autoethnography Exploring School Districts’ Role in Reproducing Racism: Willful Blindness to Racial Inequities

BackgroundRacialized suspension gaps are logically and empirically associated with racial achievement gaps and both gaps indicate the endurance of racism in American education. In recent U.S. Depar...
Numerical Methods in Modeling Neutron Diffusion

The constructive techniques of functional analysis, using a computer code, allow us to build up directly, in their original domain of definition, solutions to linear transport equation. FEMP code is a computer code written in FORTRAN 77, to approximate the Boltzmann transport equation in one-dimensional form using a spherical harmonic for the angular variable and a linear finite element for the spatial variable.
In search of a new identity: An institutional consultation at a sub-acute inpatient unit in a general hospital.

INTRODUCTION Hospitals are constantly morphing under the pressure of ever-evolving health care technologies, procedures, and reimbursement practices. In turn, healthy institutional identities and personnel allegiance contribute to counterbalance the potentially destabilizing effects of those changes. An institutional consultation was requested at a general hospital recently created sub-acute unit (SAU) due to malaise and dissatisfaction in the nursing staff. METHOD The consultation included a total of 3 group meetings with the SAU nursing staff as well as observation of procedures and milieu in this and adjacent units. In the course of this process, a structure of demeaning narratives about the unit and the nursing personnel's own role in the context of changes within the hospital was detected, destabilized, and transformed, and the kernel of a new identity for the unit was developed, using a shift in a routine evaluation procedure for patient's progress as a fulcrum for generating change. RESULTS Follow-up evaluation indicated a qualitative improvement in the unit milieu and nurses' job satisfaction, resonating with an enhancement in the staff's identification with the unit's reformulated mission as part of a constructive continuum of care. This improvement was also acknowledged and rewarded by hospital administration. DISCUSSION While maintaining a stance of positive connotation, assumptions of good intent, and a systemic view of the organization, demeaning collective narratives can be transformed through timely interventions that restitute pride and meaningfulness to the personnel and improve the unit's quality of care. (PsycINFO Database Record
A New Adaptive Distributed Routing Protocol using d-hop Dominating Sets for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ∗

Inthis paper,weproposean adaptiveself-stabilizingalgorithm for producing a d-hop connected d-hop dominating set. In the algorithm, the set is cumulatively built with communication requests between the nodes in the network. The set changes as the network topology changes. It contains redundancy nodes and can be used as a backbone of an ad hoc mobile network.
Introduction: Martians and Marketers

Marketers are similar in nature to the Martians in War of the Worlds who studied human beings carefully with an eye toward using them for their own purposes: the Martians to suck people’s blood, the marketers to sell people goods and services. Several definitions of marketing are offered and marketing is contrasted with advertising and it is suggested that there is a symbiotic relationship between the two. A case study of the relationship between marketing and advertising is offered by Fred Goldberg in his analysis of the California Cooler campaign. This is followed by a discussion of the amount of media spending on advertising and a list of speculations about the impact of marketing on American culture and society. Finally, there is an exploration of some different academic disciplines and the way they look at marketing and advertising.
An X-band element-level digital receive array

This paper describes the design and fabrication of an experimental 32-element receive digital array. The array is intended as a tool for researching digital array technologies and techniques. The paper describes the array architecture, the components chosen and the design of the RF and digital subsystems. Measured results are presented that show the effectiveness of our array calibration and error correction approach and demonstrate the scaling and improvement of the array-level signal-to-noise ratio over that of a single array element.
Measuring Mental Health Provider-Based Stigma: Development and Initial Psychometric Testing of a Self-Assessment Instrument.

This article describes the development and initial psychometric testing of the Mental Health Provider Self-Assessment of Stigma Scale (MHPSASS), a 20-item instrument crafted in reflection of Charles’ (Social Work in Mental Health 11:360–375, 2013) empirically derived, experience-based, five-themed model of provider stigmatization. Following model and item review by construct experts, 220 mental health service providers in Virginia’s public mental health centers and in-patient facilities completed the survey package. Results indicate the refined MHPSASS is a reliable measure of provider-based stigma with promising face and content validity. However, rather than they hypothesized five-factors, analysis indicates a four-factor solution, a key finding signaling a discrepancy between what providers endorse and what clients’ experience. Notably absent from the MHPSASS’ were items related to blame and shame, in contrast to the experience of clients and families. Further refinement is indicated, particularly reconsideration of blame and shame items due to their practical and theoretical significance.
Cephalad Lead Migration During a Spinal Cord Stimulation Trial: A Case Presentation

Abstract Spinal cord stimulation is used in the treatment of a variety of pain conditions. Lead migration is among the most common complications associated with spinal cord stimulation. Although there have been reports of caudal lead migration, there have been no reports of significant cephalad lead migration during a spinal cord stimulation trial. Here we report what is potentially the first case of significant cephalad lead migration (from the initial T8 position to C2) during a spinal cord stimulation trial. This case demonstrates that significant lead migration is possible, and this case highlights the importance of adequately securing leads during a trial. Level of Evidence V
Gender and public memory

Public memory scholars consistently argue that U.S. commemorative practices and traditions promote historical narratives that are inherently conservative in nature. This is particularly true of “of...
Workshop report from the Division of Research Grants, National Institutes of Health. Molecular genetic approaches to the analysis of malignant transformation--a pathology B study section workshop.

The purpose of the Workshop was to survey the new molecular approaches, with a special emphasis on critical evaluation of their present applicability to study of mechanisms of tumor development and progression, their limitations, and future prospects
Generation and Application of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a powerful technology with established applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug testing and discovery, and developmental biology. The in vitro generation of human cardiomyocytes has progressed rapidly over the last 15 years, and cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) is now a simple and routine process for many laboratories, generating contracting fetal-like cardiomyocytes that recapitulate a variety of known cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Here we discuss the history and existing knowledge in the field on the generation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. We cover the potential clinical and investigational applications of hPSC-CMs, as well as the role of the pluripotent state in differentiation, and current methodologies for differentiation, purification, directed cardiomyocyte subtype specification and maturation, and large-scale production. We conclude with a discussion on the future of the field.
Improving Course Content and Providing Intelligent Support Simultaneously: (Abstract Only)

This lightning talk describes our current effort to create a system that helps teachers organize the content of their computer science courses while simultaneously providing a basis for intelligent support. This work blends the disciplines of computer science education, artificial intelligence in education, and instructional design to create a holistic system that helps teachers create a unified vision of their course from diverse learning resources and assessment techniques. The vision is created in the form of a concept map with links to external materials and assessments (including traditional materials like textbooks and exams, and more advanced technology like online interactive practice environments). We are creating these concept maps for our computer science curriculum at Ithaca College and we have found clear benefits to organization and content. Beyond these improvements to courses, we seek to use the resulting concept map to offer intelligent support for students and instructors. Students can benefit by seeing their assessment automatically summarized by concept rather than by assignment, and receive suggestions of materials crucial to their understanding. Instructors can benefit from assessment summaries about individuals/ or entire classes/ understanding of specific concepts. The system can also make recommendations for dynamic groups to be formed for short-term in-class collaboration. Currently we have basic prototypes of this functionality and we/re seeking feedback from others who may have engaged (even informally) in similar techniques, as well as any collaborators who are interested in trying this technique in their courses or integrating their materials with our system.
Actively Managed Funds and Earnings News: Evidence from Trade-Level Data

We use trade-level data to examine the role of actively managed funds (AMFs) in earnings news dissemination. We find AMFs are drawn to, and participate disproportionately more in, earnings announcements (EAs) that include bundled managerial guidance. When the two pieces of news are directionally inconsistent, AMFs trade in the direction of future guidance rather than current earnings. AMFs exhibit an ability to discern, and adapt their trading to, the bias in bundled guidance. While AMF trades at EAs are generally more profitable than their non-EA trades, this result reverses when guidance bias is extreme. Overall, we find increased AMF trading during EAs leads to faster price adjustment. Collectively, these findings suggest AMFs are sophisticated processors of bundled earnings news, and their trading generally improves market price discovery.
The Trace as a Non-Commutative Integral

The philosophy of the theory of integration has evolved considerably in the past several decades. Newer applications have tended to de-emphasize point-wise features in favor of global and/or algebraic ones. This has led in particular to a realization that the theory of the trace on the ring of all bounded operators on a Hilbert space was parallel in a number of ways to abstract Lebesgue integration theory, and to the development of a natural simultaneous generalization of both theories. In these sections we first develop the theory of the trace in B(H) from a standpoint that emphasizes the integration-theoretic analogy on the one hand and points towards the generalization to arbitrary rings on the other. We should point out however that the basic results concerning the trace on B(H) were originally obtained quite independently of these considerations, because of their intrinsic interest, and that these results are important for a variety of applications.
A New, High-Performance Ultrasonic Camera

By virtue of their true-perspective presentation, focused and holographic methods of ultrasonic imaging hold great promise for soft tissue visualization. However, none of the numerous methods demonstrated to date combine the features required of a clinically useful instrument.
Color and Form: Conform or Transform?

Ambiguity seems to be the result of highly visible and well-articulated visual patterns, arising from the distribution of surface color. Is this true in nature? Do patterns in nature conform to and define organisms, or do they confuse the eye by transforming essential volume beneath the surface? I think the answer is, they do both visual operations. In subtle ways and many instances, patterned color conforms and transforms simultaneously.
Distortion in Feedback Amplifiers

Negative feedback applied to an amplifier linearizes the transfer characteristic of the amplifier and reduces the distortion of the input signal that is generated by the nonlinearity. The gain of the amplifier at an operating point is also reduced accordingly. These aspects are illustrated using the amplifier block diagram of Figure 5.1a. The transfer characteristic of the amplifier without feedback is taken to be that of Curve A in Figure 5.1b. Notice that the output variable of the plot is −vo. Initially, we are interested in negative feedback. Either the amplifier or the feedback must provide a net phase reversal. For plotting convenience here, −vo is used. For Curve A there is a significant nonlinearity. When feedback is applied, the slope at each point along the transfer characteristic is reduced by the corresponding amount of the ‘loop gain,’ i.e., the feedback, at that point. The slope of Curve B, at any input value in the figure, is the closed-loop gain at this point and tends to remain constant, even though the amount of feedback may be reduced at this operating point of interest when there is a falloff of gain of the original amplifier.
Patient-reported distress is prevalent in systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis but not determined by severity of disease

We conducted this retrospective study to assess patient-reported distress in light chain (AL) amyloidosis, using the Distress Thermometer (DT) survey at first evaluation at our center. Of 78 patien...
Empirical modeling of dopability in diamond-like semiconductors

Carrier concentration optimization has been an enduring challenge when developing newly discovered semiconductors for applications (e.g., thermoelectrics, transparent conductors, photovoltaics). This barrier has been particularly pernicious in the realm of high-throughput property prediction, where the carrier concentration is often assumed to be a free parameter and the limits are not predicted due to the high computational cost. In this work, we explore the application of machine learning for high-throughput carrier concentration range prediction. Bounding the model within diamond-like semiconductors, the learning set was developed from experimental carrier concentration data on 127 compounds ranging from unary to quaternary. The data were analyzed using various statistical and machine learning methods. Accurate predictions of carrier concentration ranges in diamond-like semiconductors are made within approximately one order of magnitude on average across both p- and n-type dopability. The model fit to empirical data is analyzed to understand what drives trends in carrier concentration and compared with previous computational efforts. Finally, dopability predictions from this model are combined with high-throughput quality factor predictions to identify promising thermoelectric materials. Experimental carrier concentration can serve as the basis for a model to understand and predict high performance thermoelectrics. Carrier concentration is instrumental in controlling properties. Despite significant experimental progress, establishing guidelines towards the desired performance through doping remains challenging. Now, a team from Northwestern University, Colorado School of Mines, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory in USA have predicted the dopability ranges of several diamond-like semiconductors, based on data from experimentally reported doping limits for 127 compounds. Several materials that combine simultaneously promising thermoelectric quality factor and complementary dopability are singled out. Apart from shedding light on what drives dopability in this family, the model also suggests that a number of less-studied compounds deserve more attention.
The impact of turmeric or its curcumin extract on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review of clinical trials.

Background: Turmeric and its curcumin extract have been evaluated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common ailment that can lead to irreparable liver damage. Objective: To identify the evidence supporting the use of turmeric or curcumin therapy in NAFLD. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central from the earliest possible date to 12/17/18 including terms for turmeric, curcumin, and NAFLD. We assessed the impact of turmeric or its curcumin extract on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and NAFLD severity via ultrasound. Results: Five trials assessed the comparative efficacy of curcumin/turmeric in NAFLD. One trial was single armed with comparisons only versus baseline and another trial was only available in abstract form. All of the trials had small sample sizes, 4 of 5 trials had limited durations of follow-up, and all trials had methodological limitations that negatively impacted the strength and applicability of evidence. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded statistical pooling. Three of the 4 trials with evaluable data for turmeric or curcumin versus their own baseline demonstrated significant reductions in ALT, AST, and NAFLD severity grade. Two of the 4 placebo controlled trials had significant mean difference reductions in ALT and AST for turmeric or curcumin versus placebo while 2 of 3 of these trials found significant reductions in NAFLD severity grade. Among these trials, only one used turmeric instead of a curcumin extract and this turmeric trial did not demonstrate any differences in ALT, AST, or NAFLD severity between the turmeric and placebo groups. Conclusions: Curcumin extract is a promising, but not proven, treatment for NAFLD while the role for turmeric is less clear. The general findings are that ALT, AST and NAFLD severity are reduced with the use of curcumin.
Beneficial re-use of industrial CO2 emissions using microalgae: Demonstration assessment and biomass characterization.

Abstract A novel cyclic flow photobioreactor, designed for the capture and recycle of CO2 using microalgae, was deployed at a coal-fired power plant. Scenedesmus acutus was cultured continuously for a four-month period, during which a biomass productivity of 0.1–0.2 g L−1 day−1 was observed. Samples taken for DNA sequencing showed a strong correlation between the composition of the culture and environmental conditions. Dry and liquid biomass samples and the industrial fertilizers used for preparation of the nutrient medium were analyzed to determine the presence of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Se) and results were compared with standardized and/or regulated maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for metals in several possible algae derived products. Concentrations of the metals in dry algae biomass were consistent with the incorporation of metals from the supplied nutrients.
Development and implementation of an LGBT initiative at a health sciences library: the first eighteen months

Background: The University of Louisville School of Medicine is the pilot site for the eQuality project, an initiative to integrate training for providing care to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients into the standard medical school curriculum. Inspired by and in support of this School of Medicine initiative, Kornhauser Health Sciences Library staff have developing our own initiative. Because of past and current lack of competent provider training and the resulting need for patients to be knowledgeable self-advocates, however, our initiative was broadened to include the goal of providing LGBT individuals in our communities—both on campus and in the broader public—with the resources and tools that they need to access information about their own health. Case Presentation: This paper describes the development of that twofold initiative and the tangible methods used in its implementation, including collection development, interdepartmental collaboration, electronic resource guide creation, and community engagement through outreach. Conclusions: Outcomes of the initiative to date will also be discussed, along with plans for further development.
Economic Assessment for Battery Swapping Station Based Frequency Regulation Service

Battery swapping stations (BSSs) have great potential in providing fast frequency regulation service (FFRS) owing to their large battery storage capacity. However, compared to a regular BSS, a BSS providing FFRS faces the following financial risks: first, higher infrastructure investment to support the vehicle-to-grid services; second, higher battery aging costs due to FFRS; third, FFRS causes uncertainties to batteries’ charging costs. Under such a context, in this article, we propose an economic risk assessment model for the BSS-based FFRS by comparing its economics with a regular BSS. In this model, the value at risk (VaR) of daily revenue and the long-term return on investment (ROI) of a regular BSS and a BSS providing FFRS are compared. The assessment results are obtained in three steps: first, we develop the operation and economic models for the BSS-based FFRS. Next, the mathematical models of the VAR and ROI analyses are formulated. Finally, the VaR of daily revenue is compared through a statistical analysis of a large number of scenarios. The ROI comparison is conducted by a policy gradient based reinforcement learning algorithm, which can handle the nonconvexity and stochastic dynamics brought by the electric vehicle visits. The practicality of the proposed framework is demonstrated by using the real ancillary market data from utilities and the traffic count data from onsite traffic sensors.
Real World Road Platoons and Negative Obstacles

The real world road segments contain negative obstacles and hazards as well as congestions that impede free flowing traffic. In addition, real world vehicles are differently equipped and at various roadworthy states. Vehicle platoons are more efficient when the leader selection accounts for actual road conditions and specific attributes of vehicle involved. We propose real world consideration and attributes that represent vehicles and roads in the real world and how to select the most fit platoon leaders. Communication and leader selection methodology is discussed and preliminary results for negative obstacle detection are offered.
Convexity Meningioma Resection in the Modern Neurosurgical Era

Convexity meningiomas are among the most common extra-axial tumors encountered in neurosurgery. Advances in diagnostic imaging, intraoperative technology, and nonsurgical treatment modalities have changed the face of neurosurgical oncology. In this chapter we describe the modern neurosurgeon's approach to convexity meningiomas in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care.
The Complete Plastid Genome of Neottia bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach (Orchidaceae): Insights Into Chlorophyllous and Achlorophyllous Plastid Genomes

Neottia bifolia is a small, terrestrial orchid distributed across the southeastern United States and northward up the Atlantic coast into Canada. The genus is well-studied as a model for the evolution of mycoheterotrophy, having both chlorophyllous and putatively achlorophyllous taxa. Despite this, the photosynthetic species, N. bifolia is relatively understudied. We provide results from the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the complete plastid genome of N. bifolia and examine some evolutionary trends in the genus, using the 10 additional complete Neottia plastid genomes available on GenBank. We find that the plastid genome of N. bifolia is 156,533 base pairs in length with 130 protein-coding genes, including 38 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. We find a similar number of rRNAs and tRNAs across the genus, but significantly fewer protein coding genes and an overall smaller plastid genome size in the mycoheterotrophic species. We find support for the monophyly of the mycoheterotrophic species. The placement of N. bifolia varies slightly between inferences, but the species is most frequently placed in a clade with Neottia cordata, Neottia japonica, and Neottia suzuki.
Desequencing the Music Theory Core: A Liberal Arts Model

The undergraduate music curriculum has been the subject of ongoing discussion with regards to technology, repertoire, pedagogy, and purpose. This article contributes to this continuing conversation by presenting a case study of a restructured music theory sequence at a small liberal arts college. Part of the liberal arts mission at the College of Idaho includes a commitment to interdisciplinary ways of knowing, effective written communication skills, and information literacy. The curriculum proposed in this article reflects the liberal arts identity of the instition and some of the practical realities faced by smaller programs. Although specific to the needs of the institution, this model provides one path forward to a more efficient and flexible core theory curriculum.
When patients die: patient memorials and group reflection in an internal medicine residency program

Patient death is a formative and emotional experience for physicians. Medical trainees are particularly susceptible to the emotional impact of patient death. However, few studies have examined how trainees process patient death. This study describes annual patient memorials organized at a large multisite academic graduate medical education program. Peer-led, 1-hour patient memorial services were organized for internal medicine residents, including large and small group reflection, a moment of silence, and collective art projects. At the conclusion of each memorial, participants completed a 10-question survey regarding their experience during the memorial and their prior experiences with patient death. Ninety-nine surveys were analyzed over 2 years. Of resident respondents, 84% reported feeling comfortable or very comfortable participating in the memorials, and 93% rated reflection on patient death as important or very important. When asked how they reflect on patient death, 67% of residents reported processing patient death independently, while only 23% reported processing patient death with their medical teams. Patient memorials with small and large group discussions are easily adopted and replicated. Residents reflect on patient death frequently but often independently rather than with their medical teams. Patient memorials provide a venue for collective mourning and group reflection to support trainees.
Finite-rate entrainment effects on nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in staged combustors

Abstract Axially staged combustors offer the potential for achieving low NO x emissions from gas turbines at the elevated temperatures required to achieve at least 65% combined cycle efficiencies. While there is evidence that premixing between the main burner products and secondary stream reduces NO x , it is important to characterize the specific requirements needed to achieve low emissions at gas turbine conditions. This study examines the sensitivity of NO x to finite-rate, large-scale entrainment of the main and secondary streams under the simplifying assumption of infinitely-fast small-scale mixing. Essentially, this allows us to isolate the effects of limited large-scale entrainment rates by using a homogeneous/uniform condition for the entrained and reacting gases. We use a reduced-order reactor network model to examine a generic staged-combustor whose inputs are physical time scales that embody the finite-rate entrainment characteristics. With simulations conducted over a large parameter space at typical operating conditions (25 atm, 650 K air), the results show that, even when small-scale mixing is infinitely fast and the reaction zone is uniform, entrainment significantly affects NO x emissions due to its influence on the equivalence ratio — and thus the temperature and time — at which the entrained mixture ignites. Fuel-air staging is shown to be vital to NO x reduction in most practical cases where entrainment times exceed roughly 1 ms and the secondary stream finishes entraining before the main burner products. A constrained NO x minimization indicates that using the leanest possible main burner and re-routing as much air as possible to the secondary stage is key to low NO x with finite-rate entrainment; for example, less than 10 ppm NO x can be achieved if the secondary stage contains 20% of the total mass flow.
Acoustic camera and net surveys reveal that nursery enhancement at living shorelines may be restricted to the marsh platform

Abstract Rapid human development in coastal areas is introducing significant amounts of novel habitat and leading to widespread habitat simplification. To predict how species will respond to these changes, it is important to understand how organisms interact with novel habitats versus naturally existing habitats. In this study, we used traditional fish sampling gear (fyke nets and minnow traps) and a Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar (DIDSON) to conduct fish surveys along natural and modified estuarine shorelines in North Carolina, USA. The overall objective of our study was to investigate how fish abundance and other community metrics change as a function of shoreline type (natural marsh, living shoreline, or bulkhead), sampling location (marsh platform or the shallow subtidal area offshore of the structure), and time of day (day or night). Using fyke nets, we caught significantly more fish and recorded higher species richness on the marsh platform at living shorelines versus natural marsh shorelines. However, we found no significant differences in fish abundance in the shallow unvegetated habitats seaward of the different shoreline types, which may have been affected by low sampling efficiency and replication when sampled using minnow traps and the DIDSON. Our findings, in conjunction with similar studies, may reflect a localized shoreline effect where the nursery enhancement observed at living shoreline sites is restricted to the living component of the shoreline (i.e., the marsh). Additionally, the preliminary results from our limited daytime versus nighttime DIDSON sampling show no significant differences in fish detections. This contrasts with many previous studies using traditional fish sampling techniques that report substantially higher fish catches at night. This unexpected finding is worthy of additional research as it may suggest that traditional fish sampling techniques are underestimating fish abundances during the day, perhaps due to visual gear avoidance. Ultimately, a careful consideration of the social and ecological goals of any shoreline stabilization project is needed before choosing a final design; however, maximizing habitat restoration and limiting the use of artificial materials is likely to confer the greatest ecological benefit.
Private Equity In Dermatology: Effect On Price, Utilization, And Spending.

Private equity firms have increasingly acquired physician practices, and particularly dermatology practices. Analyzing commercial claims from the Health Care Cost Institute (2012–17), we used a dif...
Gender-based analysis of the academic paediatric radiation oncology workforce.

While the proportion of women in medicine has increased over the past two decades, unfortunately, this increase has not been commensurately reflected in the gender composition of subspecialty fields such as neurosurgery and radiation oncology.1 2 Paediatric radiation oncology, in conjunction with medical oncology and surgical oncology, comprises an indispensable aspect of optimal multidisciplinary paediatric oncology care and represents an essential aspect of radiation oncology. The demographic composition of the paediatric academic radiation oncology workforce has not been previously investigated. In September 2019, every National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centre in the USA (n=51) was examined by internet investigation for paediatric radiation oncologists (as ascertained from oncologic practice description). Faculty gender, institution of employment, level of professorship, underrepresented minority status (African-American race and/or Hispanic ethnicity as previously described3) and departmental leadership position (chair and/or programme director) were collected for each radiation oncologist. Variables were coalesced for statistical analysis using Fisher’s exact test, with statistical significance at p<0.05. Among 993 radiation oncologists total, 79 paediatric radiation oncologists (8%) were identified, of whom 45.6% were women (table 1 …
Correlates of selected physical attributes.

(1969). Correlates of Selected Physical Attributes. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 637-639.
Products from the Photolysis of Diazoacetyl Chymotrypsin

1. A new and convenient synthesis of p-nitrophenyl diazoacetate has been devised from p-nitrophenyl chloroformate and diazomethane. 2. p-Nitrophenyl diazoacetate reacts stoichiometrically with chymotrypsin to yield diazoacetyl chymotrypsin. 3. Photolysis of the diazoacetyl enzyme with light of wave length greater than 320 mµ yields a mixture of (a) glycolic acid and regenerated chymotrypsin and (b) modified protein which retains the carbon atoms of the diazoacetyl group. 4. Acid hydrolysis of the protein obtained from photolysis yields O-carboxymethylserine, identified by chromatographic and other comparisons with an authentic sample and with material formed on photolysis of azaserine. 5. In addition, small amounts of 1-carboxymethylhistidine and of O-carboxymethyltyrosine were obtained. The origin of the former is uncertain, but the latter may arise from photolysis of a dimer of the diazoacetylated enzyme. 6. Most of the products presumably arise from a carbene formed as a primary product of the photolysis of the diazoester.
Iron is hot: an update on the pathophysiology of hemochromatosis.

GENETIC IRON OVERLOAD disorders are prevalent yet poorly understood. Over the past 3 years, the discoveries of the hereditary hemochromatosis gene and an intestinal iron transporter have significantly advanced our understanding of iron metabolism. Furthermore, they have suggested novel links between
Unbiased quantitative survey of stress only Tl-201 cardiac perfusion patients

2032 Objectives We assume that patients who are undergoing stress/rest myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging are normal if rest imaging is deferred. The aim is to determine if polar map quantitation can independently verify the presence or absence of CAD. Methods 87 patients (56 females), avg. age 51 years, undergoing Tl-201 stress myocardial perfusion imaging with deferred rest imaging were selected. The decision to defer rest was based on FBP. All patients underwent treadmill stress testing with maximal heart rate and blood pressure response. All patients were imaged on an IRIX gamma camera (Phillips Medical Systems) equipped with BEACON transmission capability for attenuation correction. The acquired projection data was reconstructed using the rescaled block iterative (RBI) reconstruction algorithm that included attenuation and scatter compensation as well as resolution recovery. Independent analysis software to reorient transverse slices and generate finely sampled polar maps was developed. Polar maps were generated using the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) imaging guidelines for Nuclear Cardiology procedures to select apical(1st third), mid-ventricle(2nd third), and base(last third) short axis slices starting with the apical slice just before the LV cavity became visible. The polar map was divided into 17 segments using ASNC guidelines while a patient specific normal database including both sexes was used to score the segments using number of standard deviations below the average. A score of zero indicates normal perfusion, 1 - not definitely abnormal, 2 - definitely abnormal, 3 - severe reduction in counts, and 4 - absent uptake, again using the ASNC guidelines. Results Out of the 87 patients included in the survey 1% had a score of 3 in one segment indicating a severe reduction in counts, 20% had a score of 2 in one or more segments, indicating the presence of CAD, 37% had a score of 1, and 42% had a score of zero. Conclusions In 21% of the patients surveyed, the polar map quantification indicated abnormal perfusion. Research Support NIH, No RO1-HL09101
Improvements in solid dielectrics

This brief survey of some of the important work done during the past year in the field of solid dielectrics, touches upon the evolution of the pyroelectric theory of breakdown and recounts some of the significant developments in modern rubbers. Other high lights are reflected from recent literature.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF RESIDENTIAL AND CHURCH INTEGRATION ON RACIAL ATTITUDES OF WHITES

The contact hypothesis suggests that interracial contact promotes harmonious racial relations. Previous tests of this hypothesis are dated and tend to deal with overt old-fashioned racism rather than subtle racism. The contact hypothesis is tested within residential settings and religious institutions. Residential integration does not appear to alter the racial attitudes of white respondents toward African-Americans. Yet after basic demographic controls, whites who attend interracial churches exhibit less social distance toward African-Americans and have a lower tendency to stereotype blacks. Interracial religious groups may lessen the develop- ment of racial myths and encourage more harmonious primary relationships between whites and blacks. The contact hypothesis suggests that interracial contact promotes harmonious racial relationships. Under certain conditions interracial contact may produce tol- erant racial attitudes (Barnard and Benn 1988; Hewstone 1986). Various settings of intergroup contact contribute differentially to the production of positive racial attitudes. Studies of school and residential desegregation show mixed results con- cerning the likelihood of intergroup contact reducing prejudicial attitudes while studies of religious institutions have consistently shown positive results (Amir 1976). However, the majority of these studies used outmoded measures of overt and direct prejudice. Measures of explicit racism have limited utility in examin- ing racial attitudes in modern society because, although overt racism still exists, there is a powerful social desirability effect among white Americans to avoid being perceived as racist. Consequently, the hostility whites may have toward African-Americans is more likely to be represented by subtle types of prejudice. Even if European-Americans lack hostility toward African-Americans, they may fail to recognize the many institutional and structural elements that contribute to modern racial discrimination and they may exhibit racial insensitivity. It has been argued that the racial attitudes of white Americans are influenced