cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beamforming using the relevance vector machine

Beamformers are spatial filters that pass source signals in particular focused locations while suppressing interference from elsewhere. The widely-used minimum variance adaptive beamformer (MVAB) creates such filters using a sample covariance estimate; however, the quality of this estimate deteriorates when the sources are correlated or the number of samples n is small. Herein, a modified beamformer is derived that replaces this problematic sample covariance with a robust maximum likelihood estimate obtained using the relevance vector machine (RVM), a Bayesian method for learning sparse models from possibly overcomplete feature sets. We prove that this substitution has the natural ability to remove the undesirable effects of correlations or limited data. When n becomes large and assuming uncorrelated sources, this method reduces to the exact MVAB. Simulations using direction-of-arrival data support these conclusions. Additionally, RVMs can potentially enhance a variety of traditional signal processing methods that rely on robust sample covariance estimates.
Cerebrovascular mental stress reactivity is impaired in hypertension.

Background Brachial artery reactivity in response to shear stress is altered in subjects with hypertension. Since endothelial dysfunction is generalized, we hypothesized that carotid artery (CA) reactivity would also be altered in hypertension.
General coherence functions for amplitude and phase fluctuations in a randomly heterogeneous medium

We present an alternative derivation of the formula for the Joint Transverse-Angular Coherence Function (JTACF) (Wu 1990) in terms of the statistical parameters of a random medium. Our derivation is independent of that of Wu (1990) and our assumptions are more clearly defined, offering a solid foundation for the important concept JTACF introduced by Wu
Acute and Subacute Complications of Pediatric and Adolescent Knee Arthroscopy

Purpose The purposes of this study were to determine the frequency of acute and subacute complications (within 6 months) of arthroscopic knee procedures in patients aged 17 years or younger and to determine associated risk factors. Methods We identified all patients aged 17 years or younger who underwent arthroscopic knee procedures at our institution from 1997 to 2009. Patient demographic and surgical data were collected from the medical and surgical records, with specific focus on intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results During the study period, 1,002 knee arthroscopies were reviewed. The overall complication rate was 14.7%. Major complications occurred in 21 surgeries (2.1%) and included the following: septic arthritis (n = 3, 0.3%), wound complication requiring operative revision (n = 9, 0.9%), arthrofibrosis requiring manipulation (n = 4, 0.4%), other unplanned subsequent surgery (n = 4, 0.4%), and death (n = 1, 0.1%). Surgeries with an anesthesia time of 265 minutes or greater ( P = .026), operative time of 220 minutes or greater ( P = .013), or tourniquet time of 114 minutes or greater ( P P = .003) had a statistically significant increase in risk of major complications. The incidence of minor complications was 12.6%, which included persistent effusion/hemarthrosis requiring arthrocentesis (n = 59, 5.9%) and superficial wound infection (n = 18, 1.8%). Conclusions Major complications after knee arthroscopy in children and adolescents are rare, but minor complications are more common. If possible, surgeons should avoid prolonged anesthesia, surgery, and tourniquet times. The pediatric patient's medical and family history should be reviewed to identify important risk factors. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Aesthetic christology and medical ethics: the status of Christ's gaze in care for the suffering

This article seeks to offer an alternative to traditional understandings of how doctrine can inform the ways that medical professionals and others care for people who suffer. Placing traditional christological reflections in conversation with an aesthetically generated christology, I consider how the beauty of encounter can shape us. First, I consider how encounters in general can shape us, and then I reflect in particular upon how encounters with Christ, as construed by Hans Urs Von Balthasar, can shape us. I suggest that personal encounters shape us by forcing us to cross stories with others and by affecting us at the level of personal desire. Then, I articulate how an encounter with Christ - especially with Christ's questioning, liberating gaze as described by Von Balthasar - can motivate people to approach others with this same gaze. Lastly, I focus upon how caregivers can embody Christ's gaze at the bedside in acknowledgement, intimacy, communion and respectful silence with those who suffer.
Predicting response to opiate antagonists and placebo in the treatment of pathological gambling

Although opiate antagonists have shown promise in the treatment of pathological gambling (PG), individual responses vary. No studies have systematically examined predictors of medication treatment outcome in PG. Understanding clinical variables related to treatment outcome should help generate treatment algorithms for PG. We sought to identify clinical variables associated with treatment outcome in PG subjects receiving opiate antagonists. Two hundred eighty-four subjects [137 (48.2%) women] with DSM-IV PG were treated in one of two double-blind placebo-controlled trials (16 weeks of nalmefene or 18 weeks of naltrexone). Gambling severity was assessed with the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling (PG-YBOCS) with positive response defined as ≥35% reduction in PG-YBOCS score for at least 1 month by study endpoint. Depression, anxiety, and psychosocial functioning were included in stepwise logistic regression analyses designed to identify clinical factors independently associated with treatment response. The clinical variable most strongly associated with a positive response to an opiate antagonist was a positive family history of alcoholism (p = 0.006). Among individuals receiving higher doses of opiate antagonists (i.e., nalmefene 50 or 100 mg/day or naltrexone 100 or 150 mg/day), intensity of gambling urges (PG-YBOCS urge subscale) was associated with a positive response on a trend level (p = 0.036). Among individuals receiving placebo, younger age was associated, on a trend level, with positive treatment outcome (p = 0.012). A family history of alcoholism appears to predict response to an opiate antagonist in PG. Future research is needed to identify specific factors (e.g., genetic) mediating favorable responses.
‘The ethics of belief’ and belief about ethics: William Kingdon Clifford at the Metaphysical Society

As a member of the Victorian-era Metaphysical Society, W. K. Clifford contributed to debate about the prospects for morality in the absence of religion. Clifford thought its chances good. He presented a paper offering a ‘scientific’ approach to moral theory. In my discussion, I explore his proposal, using it to gain interpretative leverage on a paper he delivered before the Society only a year later, ‘The ethics of belief’. I set aside the quarrel with religion so prominent in this influential essay and discount its evidentialist epistemology, the better to reveal it for what it is: a powerful exercise in moral suasion.
Project Lovelace: unprecedented opportunities for music education

Project Lovelace is a school-based programme for students aged twelve to eighteen years interested in learning about making music by using technology. The programme is designed to encourage equal and equitable participation by male and female students through instruction in technology-enhanced music performance, improvisation, composition, analysis and notation. Project Lovelace is named in honour of the contributions of the female mathematician Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace, who in 1842 predicted that computers could be used for musical composition (Roads 1996).The goals of Project Lovelace are to develop collaborative-based methods for gender-balanced school music technology programmes, amass a gender-balanced repertoire suitable for school music technology programmes, nurture creativity and analytical skills in music technology, and conduct a longitudinal study that documents the changing attitudes and perceived competencies of participating students and teachers.The motivation to initiate Project Lovelace was the timely convergence of two vexing issues perennially facing music technology programmes in higher education, specifically at the University of Michigan: the proportionally small number of female applicants to university music technology programmes and the need to continually upgrade or replace laboratory equipment. Why not allocate second-generation university laboratory equipment to the schools with the intent of building school-based music technology curricula that lead to a gender-balanced university applicant pool?
“Misconceptions about Optimal Equity Allocation and Investment Horizon”: A Comment

This material comments on “Misconceptions about Optimal Equity Allocation and Investment Horizon”.
Tropical cyclones in a year of rising global temperatures and a strengthening El Niño

The year 2015 is notable for the coincidence of several strong climate indicators that having bearing on the occurrence and intensity of tropical cyclones worldwide. This year, 2015, is clearly on track to become the warmest on record in terms of global temperatures. During the latter half of 2015, a very strong El Nino has formed and is predicted to build impressively, perhaps rivaling the memorable El Nino of 1997/1998. Warm Pacific Ocean temperatures, coupled with a strengthening El Nino, have supported the proliferation of Western North Pacific basin typhoons and Eastern/Central North Pacific Hurricanes. Most notable among these, Hurricane Patricia formed on October 20, 2015 and experienced extremely rapid intensification to become the strongest hurricane in the history of the Western Hemisphere and then weakened just as abruptly before dissipating on October 24, 2015. Rather than an aberration, these climate patterns of 2015 represent an ongoing trend with implications for the disaster health of coastal populations worldwide.
The influence of stress history on the grain size and microstructure of experimentally deformed quartzite

Deformation of middle crustal shear zones likely varies with time as a result of the stress build-up and release associated with earthquakes and post-seismic deformation, but the processes involved and their microstructural signature in the rock record are poorly understood. We conducted a series of experiments on quartzite at 900 °C to characterize microstructures associated with changes in stress and strain rate, and to investigate the feasibility of carrying out grain size piezometry in natural rocks that experienced analogous changes. Differential stress (referred to simply as “stress”) was varied in two-stage experiments by changing strain rate and by stopping the motor and allowing stress to relax. The two-stage samples preserve a microstructural record that can be interpreted quantitatively in terms of stress history. The microstructure associated with a stress increase is a bimodal distribution of recrystallized grain sizes. The smaller grains associated with the second deformation stage accurately record the stress of the second stage, and the surviving coarse grains remain similar in size to those formed during the earlier stage. The transient microstructure associated with stress decrease is a “partial foam” texture containing a larger concentration of stable 120° triple junctions than occur in samples deformed at a relatively constant strain rate. Our results indicate that microstructures preserved in rocks that experienced relatively simple, two-stage deformation histories can be used to quantitatively assess stress histories. Grain growth rates during deformation are similar to rates observed in previous isostatic growth experiments, supporting theoretical approaches to recrystallized grain size, such as the wattmeter theory (Austin and Evans, 2007), that incorporate static growth rates. From an analysis of the experimental data for quartz recrystallized grain size, we find: 1) Recrystallized grain size quickly reaches a value consistent with ambient deformation conditions. We argue that this explains a good match between average grain sizes predicted by the wattmeter after complete recrystallization and the recrystallized grain sizes of the experiments. 2) The present formulation of the wattmeter overestimates the rates at which porphyroclasts recrystallize by as much as an order of magnitude, and 3) owing to problems with extrapolation of grain growth data for quartz, the wattmeter is not presently applicable to natural samples deformed at low temperatures. We present a simplified flow law for quartz, and suggest that the change in slope of the quartz piezometer at high stress (regime 1) is related to a switch to a linear viscous rheology.
A Compact Fabry-Perot Grating Cascaded Spectrometer

We designed a compact spectrometer by cascading a Fabry-Perot etalon and a grating. The grating expands the spectral range of the Fabry-Perot and the combination of both results in two-dimensional diversity in the output plane.
Tracing Lipids and their Association with Keratin in the Adhesive Gecko Setae by NMR Spectroscopy

The gecko toe is one of the intriguing examples of adhesion in nature. Based on a complex structure of hairy features known as ‘setae’, the toe is composed primarily of keratinous material. Recently however, lipids have been found to be associated with the structure of the adhesive setae. However, the organization and the molecular-level behavior of lipids and keratin in the setae is still not known. Here, we demonstrate the use of Solid and Solution State NMR spectroscopy to detect lipids and understand their association with keratin in the molts termed as ‘sheds’ from the toe pad and the non-adhesive regions of the epidermal skin. Our results show a distribution of similar lipids in both the skin and toe shed but with different dynamics at a molecular level. The study has implications in understanding the organization of materials in nature and provides insight to improve fabrication for synthetic adhesives.
Streaked speckle in Cu 3 Au coherent x-ray diffraction

Coherent x-ray diffraction from the binary alloy Cu{sub 3}Au has speckled superstructure Bragg reflections due to its antiphase domain structure. For nonspecular superstructure reflections, it is possible to vary the diffraction geometry through a range of incidence and exit angles. Under grazing-exit conditions on a prepared Cu{sub 3}Au(111) thin-film sample, the superstructure speckles are found to become highly elongated and rotated on the detector. A detailed geometrical explanation of this behavior is developed to explain the effect.
High Resolution Mapping of Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Neurons via Combined Atomic Force Microscopy and Fluorescence Microscopy

Living neuronal cells present active mechanical structures which evolve with cellular growth and changes in the cell microenvironment. Detailed knowledge of various mechanical parameters such as cell stiffness or adhesion forces and traction stresses generated during axonal extension is essential for understanding the mechanisms that control neuronal growth, development and repair. Here we present a combined Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)/Fluorescence Microscopy approach for obtaining systematic, high-resolution elasticity and fluorescent maps for live neuronal cells. This approach allows us to simultaneously image and apply controllable forces to neurons, and also to monitor the real time dynamics of the cell cytoskeleton. We measure how the stiffness of neurons changes both during axonal growth and upon chemical modification of the cell, and identify the cytoskeletal components most responsible for the changes in cellular elasticity. This is accomplished by identifying cellular components with unique elastic signatures, and tracking those components over time within healthy cells or within cells treated to disrupt selective components.
Bubble Coalescence in Sea and Freshwater: Requisites for an Explanation

The persistence of visible bubbles in whitecaps and breaking seas at sea is longer than that in freshwater during similar wind and sea conditions. One factor is undoubtedly the stabilising presence of available organic matter much of which is surface active and spontaneously absorbs to bubble interfaces. Laboratory experiments where the surfactant effects were eliminated or minimized still appear to show a residual effect-there is a nonlinear but increasing reduction of bubble coalescence with increasing ionic strengths due to the addition of electrolytes. 3-1 and 2-2 electrolytes such as AlCl3 and MgSO4 have a greater coalescence reducing effect than 1-1 electrolytes such as NaCl or KCl.
The Welfare of Botany Re-Examined

that provide the misinformation upon which such judgments are based. The moral of Professor Bonner's provocative article concerning the necessity of feedback among the sciences is both obvious and true, but his notions on the present state of knowledge in various botanical fields are so oversimplified and inaccurate that they should be countered by a more realistic view of the prospects for the future of botanical science.
The Effects of Nestbox Thermal Environment on Fledging Success and Haematocrit in Tree Swallows

Nest microclimate, particularly temperature, can affect energy balance of both parents and offspring. Here I investigate patterns of correlation between internal temperatures of artificial nestboxe...
Neonatal Cerebral Ischemia: A Risk Factor for ADHD

The effect of low neonatal cerebral blood flow (CBF) on dopaminergic neurotransmission was studied in 6 genetically susceptible high-risk, preterm neonates followed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, and tested at 12-14 years of age.
Were Polish Jews Displaced Germans

We never know as much as we would like to about the origins of a people, of the Romans, for example, or the Greeks, not to mention non-book peoples like the Basques or the Navajo. One might think t...
Determination of 4 Toxic Metallic Elements in Medical Capsules of Chinese Traditional Medicines

To determine the content of chromium,cadmium,arsenic and lead toxic metallic elements in medical capsules of chinese traditional medicines.The compounds containing titanium oxide or silicon oxide were completely decomposed effectually by V(HNO3)∶V(H2O2)∶V(HF)=4∶1∶1mixed acid digested system.The four toxic elements in samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GF-AAS)and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometr(ICP-OES),respectively.The chromium content of four chinese traditional medicines were up to the standard of the "hollow gelatin capsules"in China Pharmacopoeia(Ⅱ,2010Ed).The content of Cd,As and Pb were in line with China′s"medicinal plants and formulations import and export of green industry standards".The results showed that the two detection methods were applicable to the determination of Cr,Cd,As and Pb in medical capsules of chinese traditional medicines.The method of ICP-OES is more simple,fast and efficient for the samples of higher-contents.But the method of GF-AAS is better recovery and accuracy for the low content of samples.
Using Career Theory to Integrate Qualitative and Quantitative Career Assessment

Qualitative and quantitative career assessment are based on differing philosophies of science, with qualitative assessment based on postmodern assumptions and quantitative assessment based on modern assumptions. Taken literally, the philosophical assumptions of both approaches are incompatible; if career practitioners accept the assumptions of one, they must reject the assumptions of the other.
A Tailor-Made Legal Suit: The Actual Scope, Power, and Functioning of NAFTA Chapter 11’s Rules and Institutions for the Settlement of Cross-Border Disputes

Many scholars argue that the rules, mechanisms and bodies established under the North American Free Trade Agreement’s Chapter 11 for the settlement of disputes on foreign direct investment have undermined the policymaking capacities of national and subnational governments in the United States, Mexico and Canada for promoting public welfare in their territories. In their view, the provisions of Chapter 11 on the resolution of investor-state disputes allow business actors to undermine and overthrow domestic legislation that might be perceived as adverse to their investments. In contrast, this article argues that the rules, mechanisms and actions and decisions of the bodies established by Chapter 11 have contributed to reaffirm the power of national and subnational governments in North America to enact and uphold social-oriented domestic laws. Over the past 20 years, Chapter 11’s dispute settlement mechanisms have demonstrated they lack the structure and power to fully address investor-state disputes; they thus constitute quasi-regional mechanisms, not supranational rules and bodies which can overrule the decisions of governmental actors. Furthermore, their creation and implementation mainly responded to the interests of the North American national governments, not foreign investors (as it is widely assumed), in delivering an institutional and legal framework that would ease and increase the flows of trade and investment capital between their countries without compromising their sovereignty and policy-making powers. As a result, the mechanisms and bodies of Chapter 11, foremost amongst them, the Arbitral Tribunals, have consistently favoured the actions and largely held up the decisions and policies of national and subnational governments in the three North American countries over the claims of foreign investors.
Multicolour localization microscopy by point-spread-function engineering

Super-resolution microscopy has revolutionized cellular imaging in recent years1-4. Methods relying on sequential localization of single point emitters enable spatial tracking at ~10-40 nm resolution. Moreover, tracking and imaging in three dimensions is made possible by various techniques, including point-spread-function (PSF) engineering5-9 -namely, encoding the axial (z) position of a point source in the shape that it creates in the image plane. However, a remaining challenge for localization-microscopy is efficient multicolour imaging - a task of the utmost importance for contextualizing biological data. Normally, multicolour imaging requires sequential imaging10, 11, multiple cameras12, or segmented dedicated fields of view13, 14. Here, we demonstrate an alternate strategy, the encoding of spectral information (colour), in addition to 3D position, directly in the image. By exploiting chromatic dispersion, we design a new class of optical phase masks that simultaneously yield controllably different PSFs for different wavelengths, enabling simultaneous multicolour tracking or super-resolution imaging in a single optical path.
Secret sharing model: GS3

A general secret sharing scheme called an (l, p, r, n) secret sharing scheme and a model, called GS/sup 3/ to emulate such a scheme are presented. The capacity of GS/sup 3/ is derived and used to establish bounds on the (l, p, r, n) secret sharing scheme. >
From 4-H International Youth Exchange to Global Citizen: Common Pathways of Ten Past Program Participants

This qualitative study examined the life course of ten adults who participated as youth in the 4-H International Exchange program. The purpose of this research was to explore the pathways that led each participant to their exchange experience as a youth and how that experience set the stage for further development into an adulthood marked by cultural interest, awareness, competence and global citizenship. Using a grounded theory approach the data were analyzed through selective, open, and axial codings that elucidated a series of key events, opportunities, and qualities that form a common pathway among all participants. The results of this research contribute to the articulation of a theory of change upon which international youth exchange programs can be effectively developed and enhanced. Specific recommendations for international youth exchange programs are presented.
Differences by Gender in Predictors of Motivation Among Substance Abuse Treatment Participants

ABSTRACTBackground: Substance-involved females tend to have different clinical profiles than men (Adams, Leukefeld, & Peden, 2008); yet they do not appear to have worse treatment outcomes (Green, 2006; Hser, Huang, Teruya, & Anglin, 2003). As motivation for treatment is considered essential in the substance abuse treatment context (Cahill, Adinoff, Hosig, Muller, & Pulliam, 2003; Longshore & Teruya, 2006), it is possible that higher motivation among females could potentially counteract the negative effect of more risk factors. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to examine if females differ from males in their motivation for treatment using the Texas Christian University Motivation Form scales: desire for help, problem recognition, treatment readiness, pressure for treatment, and treatment needs; and whether factors predicting motivation for treatment differed between male and female participants of substance abuse treatment. Methods: The sample included 2,989 substance-involved males and 982 ...
A systems-based approach to manage strawberry virus diseases.

Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a significant increase in the number of viruses known to infect strawberry. This is due in part to advances in detection technologies, which allow for the identification of agents associated with graft-transmissible diseases, and the expansion of both crop production and virus vectors into new geographic areas. This paper identifies the virus diseases affecting strawberry in North America and summarizes steps and measures that can be taken to minimize their impact on strawberry yield, starting from cultivar selection to nursery propagation and field production. The implementation of these measures can minimize virus impact on strawberry yield and fruit quality.
Effect of different meteorological parameters on the development and progression of rice leaf blast disease in western Odisha

Blast disease is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. Epidemiological factors affect greatly on the disease establishment, development and severity resulting in huge crop losses. A field experiment was conducted at All India Co-ordinated Rice Improvement Project, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha to find out the effect of weather parameters on severity of leaf blast disease during the growing season 2013-14 and 2014-15. The result revealed that both relative humidity and rainfall were positively correlated with leaf blast severity. On the contrary, the temperature and disease severity was found to be negatively correlated which indicated that the disease increased with the decrease of temperature. A maximum relative humidity of 90-95 per cent and total rainfall of more than 280 mm accompanied by 280C temperature were found favourable for disease development and spread. However, still more epidemiological studies are required to strengthen the forecasting and prediction mechanism of the disease which will ultimately minimize the yield losses caused by the disease. How to view point the article : Pal, Rini, Mandal, Dipankar and Naik, Bhima Sen (2017). Effect of different meteorological parameters on the development and progression of rice leaf blast disease in western Odisha. Internat. J. Plant Protec., 10(1) : 52-57, DOI : 10.15740/HAS/IJPP/ 10.1/52-57.
The time of empire: Temporality and genealogy in the development of European empires

General and comparative studies of empire – like those of revolution – often suffer from insufficient attention to chronology. Time expresses itself both in the form that empires occur, often in succession to each other – the Roman, the Holy Roman, the Spanish, etc. – and, equally, in an awareness that this succession links empires in a genealogical sense, as part of a family of empires. This article explores the implications of taking time seriously, so that empires are not considered simply as like ‘cases’ of a general phenomenon of empire but are treated as both ‘the same and different’. Concentrating on the European empires since the time of Rome, the article shows the extent to which empires were conscious of each other, seeking both to imitate admired features as well as to escape from those thought less desirable. It also shows the difference between ancient and modern empires, considered not so much as different types as in the differences caused by their location in different points in historical...
Chemical Engineering and Biogeochemical Cycles: A Techno-Ecological Approach to Industry Sustainability

Chemical sectors have a huge reliance on ecological systems, specifically biogeochemical cycles. This is because of the crucial role that biogeochemical cycles play in the provisioning of resources and dissipation of emissions. However, these natural cycles have been hugely disrupted because of anthropogenic activities, and sustainable growth of industrial activities requires inclusion of dependence on these natural cycles. The ecologically based life cycle analysis (Eco-LCA) model captures the connection of natural systems with industrial systems. Recently, a carbon and nitrogen Eco-LCA inventory was developed that can capture the dependence of industries on carbon and biogeochemical cycles. In this chapter, the dependence of chemical sectors on various flows of carbon and nitrogen cycles is shown with implications on chemical sector sustainability. The decisions of shifting feedstocks and management strategies are closely related to the ecological systems, and chemical industries need to focus on including this in decision making.
Infrared–ultrasonic sensor fusion for support vector machine–based fall detection:

This article presents an infrared–ultrasonic sensor fusion approach for support vector machine–based fall detection, often required by elderly healthcare. Its detection algorithms and performance e...
Radical intermediates in the catalytic cycles of cytochrome P-450.

Cytochrome P-450 is the term used for an unusual and very large family of heme proteins that have a cysteine thiolate ligated to the fifth coordination site of heme iron, and in the reduced state form unique CO complexes that have a Soret band at around 450 nm.1 This family of cytochromes consists of constitutive forms, such as the steroid-oxygenating enzymes, and inducible forms that oxygenate a large variety of naturally occurring and foreign compounds.2 Unlike most enzyme catalysts, this versatile class of heme proteins catalyzes a variety of both oxidative and reductive reactions. Oxidatively, they are capable of effecting both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon hydroxylation, olefin epoxidation, dealkylation at N, O, and S atoms, N-oxidation, sulfoxidation, peroxidation, and carbon-carbon bond cleavage.1,3 Reductively, they are capable of electron transfer reactions to azo, nitro, N-oxide, epoxide, peroxy, and alkyl halide groups, thus justifying the term “cytochrome” for these catalysts. Substrates for P-450 include endobiotics like steroids, fatty acids, and prostaglandins, and xenobiotics like drugs, pesticides, and petroleum products of aliphatic or aromatic nature.
Coma and Disorders of Consciousness

Consciousness can be defined as the state of awareness of self and one’s relationship with the environment Consciousness consists of two components: wakefulness or arousal and awareness Both components have anatomic substrates that, when affected, can lead to disturbances in consciousness
A retrospective review of complication rates of Ommaya reservoir placement for intrathecal medication administration.

e18532Background: Intraventricular devices such as Ommaya reservoirs play a central role in the management of neuro-oncologic diseases. These devices are implanted under the scalp and are used to r...
Hot Carrier Stress Investigation of Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors with an Al2O3 Gate Dielectric

Hot carrier stress, where the gate and drain voltages were stressed simultaneously, was executed on ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) with different PLD ZnO or ALD Al2O3 deposition parameters. The threshold voltage and transconductance were monitored where 30 mTorr samples had greater threshold voltage shifts and transconductance $(\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{m}})$ degradation compared to the 20 mTorr ZnO film. For samples with and without a 400°C forming gas anneal, greater degradation was seen in the annealed sample, which indicates 400°C may be too aggressive. The correlation between $\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{m}}$ degradation (i.e., interface degradation) and $\Delta \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{t}}$ demonstrate that there is influence to the Vt shift from electrically active defects generated in the interfacial region.
Others' Contributions to an Individual's Narrative Identity Matter

Jecker and Ko (2017) argue that issues of narrative identity (rather than merely numerical identity) better capture the things people care about when they wonder how they will fare following a neur...
Particle association of Enterococcus sp. increases growth rates and simulated persistence in water columns of varying light attenuation and turbulent diffusivity.

Abstract Predicting water quality and the human health risks associated with sewage-derived microbes requires understanding the fate and transport of these contaminants. Sewage-derived pathogen risks are typically assessed and monitored by measuring concentrations of fecal indicating bacteria (FIB), like Enterococcus sp. Previous research demonstrated that a high fraction of FIB is particle-associated, which can alter FIB dynamics within secondary water bodies. In this study, we experimentally quantified the effect of particle association on dark, temperature- and light-dependent growth and sinking rates of enterococci. Particle association significantly increased dark growth rates, light-dependent growth rates (i.e. decreased mortality), and sinking rates, relative to free-living enterococci. Simulations using a novel, 1-dimensional model parameterized by these rates indicate greater persistence ( T 90 ) for particle-associated enterococci in water bodies across a wide range of diffuse attenuation coefficients of light ( K d ) and turbulent diffusivity (D) values. In addition, persistence of both fractions increased in simulated turbid and turbulent waters, compared to clear and/or quiescent conditions. Simulated persistence of both fractions also increased when enterococci discharges occurred later in a diel cycle (towards sunset, as opposed to sunrise), especially for the free-living population, because later discharges under our model conditions allowed both fractions to mix deeper before inactivation via sunlight. Model sensitivity testing revealed that T 90 variability was greatest when dark growth rates were altered, suggesting that future empirical studies should focus on quantifying these rates for free-living and particle-associated sewage-derived microbes. Despite greater sensitivity of T 90 to variability in dark growth rates, omitting light-dependent growth rates from simulations dramatically influenced T 90 values. Our results demonstrate that particle association can increase enterococci persistence in receiving waters and highlight the importance of incorporating particle association in future water quality models.
Scintillation detectors constructed with an optimized 2×2 silicon photomultiplier array

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a good alternative to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) because their gain and quantum efficiency are comparable to PMTs. However, the largest single-chip SiPM is still less than 1 cm2. In order to use SiPMs with scintillators that have reasonable sensitivity, it is necessary to use multiple SiPMs. In this work, scintillation detectors are constructed and tested with a custom 2×2 SiPM array. The layout of the SiPMs and the geometry of the scintillator were determined by performing Geant4 simulations. Cubic NaI, CsI, and CLYC with 18 mm sides have been tested. The output of the scintillation detectors are stabilized over the temperature range between −20 and 50 °C by matching the gain of the SiPMs in the array. The energy resolution for these detectors has been measured as a function of temperature. Furthermore, neutron detection for the CLYC detector was studied in the same temperature range. Using pulse-shape discrimination, neutrons can be cleanly identified without contribution from γ-photons. As a result, these detectors are suitable for deploying in spectroscopic personal radiation detectors (SPRD).
Supporting the Rapid Adaptation to Remote Teaching Modality: Software and Hardware Edition

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the University of Colorado Boulder teaching activities shifted rapidly to a remote and HyFlex model. Neither campus technology infrastructure nor the bulk of instructors were prepared for this extremely rapid change in teaching models. In response to the impacts on campus operations in the Spring 2020 semester, and subsequent plans to begin the Fall 2020 semester by teaching in a mixed environment, the Office of Information Technology (OIT) developed 23 rapid-response projects and collaborative activities. This presentation highlights those projects relating to personal computing software and hardware resources for instructors. This includes developing new software delivery strategies, adapting software licensing to fit rapidly evolving instructional needs, and providing computers and peripherals to instructors outside the normal range of provisioning. All these were done in response to COVID-19 impacts on campus operations and the subsequent plan to begin the Fall 2020 semester by teaching in a mix of traditional on-premise, newly remote, and highly-flexible environments.
Pneumococcal surface adhesion A protein (PsaA) interacts with human Annexin A2 on airway epithelial cells.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a normal colonizer of the human nasopharynx capable of causing serious invasive disease. Since colonization of the nasopharynx is a prerequisite for progr...
Semi-orthoposets

A semi-orthoposet (SOP) is a bounded posetP together with a unary operation ′:P →P such thata≤b impliesb′≤a′ anda≤a″ for allaeP. This structure generalizes all previously studied quantum logic frameworks and yet is rich enough so that nontrivial results can be proved. For various types of SOPs it is shown that a partially defined morphism has an extension to the full SOP and that there exists an order-determining set of morphisms with a specified range. These results are applied to obtain representations of SOPs in terms of SOPs of sets and SOPs of functions. Connections between SOPs and effect algebras as well as tensor products of SOPs are obtained.
Unmet needs of homeless U.S. veterans by gender and race/ethnicity: Data from five annual surveys.

There has been insufficient research on gender, race, and ethnic differences in unmet needs of homeless populations. This study analyzed 5 years of data collected by Project Community Homelessness Assessment, Local Education, and Networking Groups (CHALENG) surveys from 2012 to 2016 to examine gender, race, and ethnic differences in "literally homeless" veterans (i.e., veterans living in the streets, shelters, vehicles, or any other place not meant for habitation). Of 7,040 participants, there were 6,335 male and 705 female literally homeless veterans from 4 self-identified racial/ethnic categories (White, Black, Hispanic, and Other). The results showed that homeless female veterans were significantly more likely to report unmet needs related to emergency shelter, transitional housing, and dental care than male veterans. Among men, White veterans reported greater unmet needs in housing, healthcare, basic needs, and specialized needs than racial/ethnic minority veterans. Among women, veterans who were racial/ethnic minorities reported greater unmet needs than their White counterparts. These findings suggest programmatic attention to gender, race, and ethnicity is important in addressing diverse needs of homeless veterans and specialized services may be needed to address their specific and consistent unmet needs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Regional Variation Across the United States in Management and Outcomes of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Analysis of the 2003 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database

Background Regional differences in the treatment and outcomes of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within the United States remain poorly understood. Hypothesis Treatment choice and outcomes in patients with STEMI differ between regions within the United States. Methods We used the 2003 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify all patients age ≥40 years hospitalized with STEMI. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to region: Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify differences in treatment choice and outcomes (in-hospital mortality, acute stroke, and cardiogenic shock) among the 4 regions. Results Of 1 990 486 patients age ≥40 years with STEMI, 350 073 (17.6%) were hospitalized in the Northeast, 483 323 (24.3%) in the Midwest, 784 869 (39.4%) in the South, and 372 222 (18.7%) in the West. Compared with the Northeast, patients in the Midwest, South, and West were less likely to receive medical therapy alone and more likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting. Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was higher in the Midwest (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.09, P <0.001), South (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05, P = 0.001), and West (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08, P <0.001), as compared with the Northeast. When adjusted further for regional variation in treatment selection, risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was even higher in the Midwest, West, and South. Conclusions Despite higher reperfusion and revascularization rates, STEMI patients in the Midwest, West, and South have paradoxically higher risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality as compared with patients in the Northeast.
Measuring effective data visualization

In this paper, we systematically examine two fundamental questions in information visualization - how to define effective visualization and how to measure it. Through a literature review, we point out that the existing definitions of effectiveness are incomplete and often inconsistent - a problem that has deeply affected the design and evaluation of visualization. There is also a lack of standards for measuring the effectiveness of visualization as well as a lack of standardized procedures. We have identified a set of basic research issues that must be addressed. Finally, we provide a more comprehensive definition of effective visualization and discuss a set of quantitative and qualitative measures. The work presented in this paper contributes to the foundational research of information visualization.
Taxa Composition and Biomass of the Surface-dwelling Crustaceans During Spring Pycnocline Formation in Auke Bay, Southeastern Alaska

ABSTRACT The crustacean-dominated zooplankton community that lives in the upper 5 m of water in one of southeastern Alaska's bays was monitored before and after spring pycnocline formation. Zooplankton abundance and wet weight biomass in the upper 5 m of the surface layer reached peak values of 50,000 m–3 and 2.5 g m–1, respectively. Surface populations were dominated by barnacle nauplii, with substantial contributions by the copepods Pseudocalanus spp., Acartia spp., and Centropages abdominalis. Barnacle nauplii were only a minor component of the zooplankton in whole water-column samples. Surface zooplankton abundance and biomass were higher at night than during the day in April and early May, prior to stabilization of the water column. The day versus night differences were primarily due to diurnal vertical migration by barnacle nauplii. Obvious diurnal differences in abundance and biomass of zooplankton at the sea surface were not detected after pycnocline formation. After pycnocline formation, copepod biomass in the upper 5 m was about 5 times higher than that of the integrated water column. This may explain why many young fishes congregate in the surface layer to feed.
Saturation estimates and chromatic adaptation

Category estimates of spectral saturation were obtained from three observers under neutral adaptation and under three conditions of chromatic adaptation. The data so obtained show that chromatic adaptation causes a shift in the location of minimal spectral saturation toward the spectral locus of the adapting light. The existence of secondary minima and enhancement effects in spectral saturation are also noted.
An improved spectrophotometric assay for human plasma carboxypeptidase N

Abstract A continuous spectrophotometric assay for human plasma carboxypeptidase N utilizing furylacryloyl-alanyl-lysine is described. Synthesis was made by use of 9-(2-sulfo)fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Sulfmoc) chloride as the N -ϵ-amino-blocking group for lysine. The substrate has the advantage of containing a chromophore which allows difference measurements above 324 nm. The kinetic parameters K m and K cat K m have been determined for furylacryloyl-alanyl-lysine and -arginine. Difference measurements were related to micromoles of lysine or arginine released and were expressed as units.
Word characteristics, associative-relatedness, and the free-recall of nouns

In Exp. I, relationships between word imagery, concreteness, Noble's meaningfulness (m), rated meaningfulness, rated familiarity, Thorndike-Lorge frequency, trigram frequency, word goodness, evaluative polarity and word length, as well as their relations with free-recall learnability, were investigated. Measures of the word characteristics and an ease of free-recall score (FR) were obtained for 74 nouns. Factor analysis revealed two common factors, meaningful-familiarity and imagery-concreteness, underlying the relationships observed. Only imagery-concreteness was related to FR. In Exp. II it was found that words high in imagery-concreteness are more readily organized or clustered into groups than abstract, low imagery words. Imagery remained significantly related to FR when ease of clustering was held constant. It was suggested that another process, perhaps attention, may also be involved in the determination of FR. When corrected for attenuation due to the less than perfect reliability of FR, a multiple R = .82 was obtained between FR and imagery, associative relatedness, and rated meaningfulness.
The dragon processor

The Xerox PARC Dragon is a VLSI research computer that uses several techniques to achieve dense code and fast procedure calls in a system that can support multiple processors on a central high bandwidth memory bus.
Psychiatric emergencies in the elderly population

This article reviews the most common behavioral emergencies in the geriatric population. Psychiatric emergencies are seen frequently by emergency physicians who face the challenge of assessing and managing patients presenting with psychosis, severe depression, agitation, suicidal intent, and substance abuse in the emergency department. The evaluation is frequently complicated by the necessity to investigate numerous domains such as underlying medical conditions, prior psychiatric disorders and substance abuse, as well as psychosocial factors. It is crucial to rule out organic causes for what appears to be psychiatric disease in the elderly. The assessment might be further complicated by the patient's limited ability to recall pertinent aspects of the history due to either cognitive impairment or acute distress. Emergency department personnel might have inadequate expertise in assessing emergencies in elderly persons, further impeding the ability to appropriately manage behavioral complications in geriatric patients. Availability of high-quality emergency care and tight collaboration with primary care providers, psychiatric consultants, and social services is crucial to optimal outcomes from acute psychiatric decompensations in the elderly.