cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-160: Human telomerase RNA component (hTR/TERC) is consistently overexpressed in prostate cancer, required for cell proliferation and is positively regulated by MYC

Introduction: Telomerase activity (TA) is increased in most human cancers (80 - 90%) as a mechanism to maintain telomere function, yet the complex regulatory mechanisms driving TA in different cancer types remain obscure. Telomerase consists of at least two essential elements, a catalytic component (TERT) and an RNA subunit (hTR or TERC). Early data showed that TERC was constitutively expressed at similar levels in different tissues and cancer and that TERT mRNA levels best correlated with enzymatic activity across normal tissues and cancer cells. However, accumulating evidence suggests a more important role for the regulation of TERC in telomere maintenance, as well as possible telomerase activity-independent functions. MYC (c-Myc) is overexpressed in most prostate cancers and is known to regulate TERT mRNA levels in a number of cell types and hence to drive TA. However, there are no prior studies of MYC regulation of TERC. We performed a comprehensive study of TERC expression in cancer cell lines and prostatic tissue, across normal, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), primary carcinomas (PCa), and castrate resistant metastatic disease. We further explored MYC regulation of TERC in Pca and examined cell proliferation in TERC-depleted Pca cell lines. Experiments and results: Using a novel chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (CISH) RNA assay in FFPE tissues, validated in cell lines by RT-PCR, we found consistent TERC overexpression in nuclei of PIN (p Conclusions: We report consistent overexpression of TERC in PIN and PCa and show the first evidence of MYC regulation of TERC. These studies suggest an important role for MYC-regulated TERC overexpression in human prostate cancer development and progression. Further studies are required to better understand the functional roles of TERC (e.g. TA mediated vs. other activity) in carcinogenesis of the prostate and other organ sites and its regulation by MYC. Citation Format: Javier A. Baena Del Valle, Qizhi Zheng, Michael Rubenstein, Alan K. Meeker, Christopher M. Heaphy, Gretchen Hubbard, Charles J. Bieberich, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, David Esopi, Sarah J. Wheelan, Angelo M. De Marzo. Human telomerase RNA component (hTR/TERC) is consistently overexpressed in prostate cancer, required for cell proliferation and is positively regulated by MYC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-160.
Examining the Psychometric Quality of a Modified Perceived Authenticity in Writing Scale with Rasch Measurement Theory

Researchers have theorized that although US students are writing more, classroom writing experiences are not highly authentic to students, especially for urban, minority students who are economically disadvantaged. One tool for investigating student perceptions of authenticity is the Perceived Authenticity in Writing (PAW) Scale that was designed to measure perceived authenticity in writing instruction for adolescents for a specific task. However, there is a need for a similar scale to the PAW Scale, but one that could be used to examine students’ general impression of their writing instruction as a whole and allow researchers, educators, and policymakers to identify schools or districts with high or low authenticity for deeper qualitative examination and analyze correlations among authenticity and other variables, such as socioeconomic status. In particular, this last function would allow researchers to identify differential access to authentic writing instruction and explore issues related to social justice in writing assessment. This chapter examines the psychometric properties of a new tool, the Modified Perceived Authenticity in Writing (MPAW) Scale, for use in a larger study of perceived authenticity among urban students of color in the United States.
A Preliminary Report of the Excavations at Las Colinas

AbstractUnder contract with the Arizona Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads, the Arizona State Museum excavated Mound 8 of the Las Colinas ruin group, located in Phoenix, Arizona.This site is the last remaining mound of 12 situated northwest of the downtown section of the city. The excavation revealed the following: an artificial platform mound, rectangular, post-reinforccd, adobe-walled rooms, pit houses, cremations, burials and thousands of artifacts. Occupation was during the Ilohokam Classic period.
Lisa’s Thoughts on Arts, Education, and Social Justice

This chapter introduces, from Lisa Kramer’s perspective, concepts about arts, education community-based learning, and the role theatre has played in social justice and change. The chapter includes an explanation about the spectrum of “drama education-applied theatre-drama therapy” written by drama therapist Sally Bailey. Lisa also explains the roots of our projects, and how it has changed over time. She then discusses her approach toward process versus product. Finally, the chapter turns to specific educational theories, including universal design for learning, and how theatre meets educational goals.
Statistical Testing of Business Cycle Theory: The Econometric Method

Business cycle theory, in most cases, is originally developed at an abstract level of logical deduction of consequences from an assumed hypothetical structure. This branch of economic theory, unlike some others, is mainly concerned with descriptive instead of normative analysis. Because business cycle theory is abstract and hypothetical, because it attempts to describe real-life processes, it is only natural that economists demand a confrontation of this theory with the facts of actual economic events. Logic alone is not enough to establish such diverse claims as: Investment depends on the rate of change of output.
Defective Neo-Antigen Response to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) Vaccines in Patients after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Relapse is the most common cause of treatment failure for advanced cancer, even those treated with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Effective tumor-specific immunotherapy may decrease relapse, however, this will fail if the immune system is not able to respond appropriately. To test the integrity of the immune response, we vaccinated 27 normal volunteers, 14 patients after HCT, and 19 patients with advanced cancer with a single injection of KLH, a neo-antigen that humans have not been exposed to previously. KLH (Intracel, Rockville, MD or Biosyn Corp, Carlsbad, CA) was given as a single 1 mg subcutaneous injection. Immune response was measured by ELISA, proliferation or ELISPOT (validated for cryopreserved cells) assays on blood 1 month after vaccination compared to preimmunization. Intracel KLH (containing the intact KLH molecule, 6000–8000 kDA) induced a potent IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 response as well as a cellular response measured by proliferation assay in normal volunteers (n=17). Because of sporadic availability, Biosyn KLH, produced as 350/390 kDA subunits of KLH, was then tested. Biosyn KLH alone failed to induce either a humoral or cellular response. We hypothesized that lack of a response to a single Biosyn KLH immunization was due to the product purity and decreased complexity of size resulting in loss of adjuvant properties compared to the intact KLH product. Biosyn KLH was then mixed with the oil/surfactant Montanide ISA-51, which completely restored immunogenicity to a single 1 mg KLH test vaccine in normal subjects (n=10) similar to the Intracel intact KLH product. In marked contrast to the normal response, humoral responses were significantly impaired in 11 patients 58–144 [median 103] days after autologous HCT and in 1 as late as 16 months after HCT. This latter patient was the only one who mounted a cellular response to KLH after HCT. Patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma exhibited an intermediate response (Table). The decreased KLH-specific IgG2 response after HCT was partially explained by the decreased total IgG2 levels after transplant as compared to normal volunteers and solid tumor patients. Total IgG1 and IgM immunoglubulin levels were not significantly different between groups. The defect in isotype switching correlated with decreases in absolute CD4 counts between the normal (891±58/mm3), solid tumor (501±73/mm3) and HCT (290±119/mm3) cohorts. We conclude that patients with cancer and especially those patients after autologous HCT have immune defects significantly impairing neo-antigen responses. This has important implications for tumor vaccine strategies in these settings. KLH vaccines are safe, and 100% of normal volunteers require only a single injection to test cellular and humoral neo-antigen responses including isotype switching, an optimal platform for definitive testing of strategies to promote immune reconstitution after HCT. Response to KLH 1 month after vaccination.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and light therapy: State of the science

Major depression with a fall/winter seasonal pattern, also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), is a recurrent and prevalent disorder. Treatment may include either pharmacological (antidepressant) or non-pharmacological options, most commonly light therapy. Over the years, light therapy has been explored using various delivery methods including light-emitting diode (LED) devices. For over 20 years, cool-white fluorescent sources that yield 10,000 lux of polychromatic white light have been the standard treatment for SAD. Many investigations have confirmed the clinical effectiveness of white light, its overall tolerability, and adverse reactions, such as agitation, insomnia, and headache. Building upon this, more recent studies have compared alternative light sources and different wavelengths of light, such as white, red, green, and blue. If certain wavelengths are more potent and effective, lower intensities of light could reduce side effects and increase tolerability and adherence. Furthermore, studies of the ocular system particularly, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, discovered differences among specific wavelengths of light. While some reports have suggested that 446–477 nm wavelengths of blue light may be the most potent, published clinical trials have revealed mixed results. The purpose of this session is to review the state of the science on light therapy in the treatment of SAD, and suggest recommendations for clinical practice and implications for patients.
High performance animation in Gears of War 4

In this talk, we present three of the techniques that we developed to deliver high performance animation in the Gears of War 41 video game. First, we present a "warp point"-driven system for dealing with character traversal through an irregular environment. This system builds on previous motion warping work and is over twice as fast as a more traditional blend space based approach. Next, we introduce a novel approach to handling motion transitions that eliminates traditional blended transitions and replaces them with an animation post-processing step that is 60% cheaper to compute overall. Finally, we introduce a fast but effective heuristic for improving the quality of these motion transitions by automatically matching the locomotion foot phase between the transitioning animations.
Strengths and weaknesses of using SRTR data to shape the management of the HIV-infected kidney transplant recipient.

In this edition of AJT, Sawinski et al examine the impact of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on kidney transplant outcomes performed in HIV infected recipients using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) linked to IMS pharmacy refills (1). They found that the use of cART regimens based on protease inhibitors (PI) had a marked detrimental impact on patient and graft survival. The etiology of the surprisingly poorer results in HIV positive recipients on PI based regimens could not be ascertained based on their analysis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Professional development design considerations in climate change education: teacher enactment and student learning

ABSTRACTClimate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing society, and climate change educational models are emerging in response. This study investigates the implementation and enactment of a climate change professional development (PD) model for science educators and its impact on student learning. Using an intrinsic case study methodology, we focused analytic attention on how one teacher made particular pedagogical and content decisions, and the implications for student’s conceptual learning. Using anthropological theories of conceptual travel, we traced salient ideas through instructional delivery and into student reasoning. Analysis showed that students gained an increased understanding of the enhanced greenhouse effect and the implications of human activity on this enhanced effect at statistically significant levels and with moderate effect sizes. However, students demonstrated a limited, though non-significant gain on the likely effects of climate change. Student reasoning on the tangibl...
Finite element modeling for ocean acoustics applications using high performance computing

Finite element models provide solutions to the Helmholtz equation for ocean acoustics applications, which are exact on the order of the discretization. However, to achieve convergence the discretization must be on the order of several elements per acoustic wavelength. For large-scale ocean acoustics applications, and small (high-frequency) acoustic wavelengths, the number of elements required often exceeds millions. In addition, in each element, the basis set decomposition required for finite element modeling increases the number of degrees of freedom, and for problems involving elastic structures, additional degrees of freedom are required to describe the elasto-dynamic acoustics equation. Therefore, for a large-scale ocean acoustics problem, the number of degrees of freedom can reach into the tens of millions. This requires large memory caches on computing systems. The number of degrees of freedom can be reduced by using wavenumber decomposition techniques at the expense of running many models. In this ...
High spatial-resolution X-ray inspection by pixelated scintillator

X-ray inspections using X-ray flat panel detectors (FPDs) have been widely used in electronic packaging to detect defects and contaminations. In the FPDs, scintillating materials convert X-ray into visible light, and a-Si photodiode array converts the light into electrons for imaging. However, it is desired that the spatial resolution of FPDs is improved because the light spreading inside scintillator causes crosstalk to next a-Si pixels and the resolution is degraded. In this study, the scintillator was pixelated with same pixel pitch as a-Si photodiode array by barrier rib structure to limit the light spreading, and the spatial resolution was improved. The pixelated scintillator was aligned with 83μm pixel pitch of a-Si photodiode array and set as a FPD. The FPD with 83μm pitch pixelated scintillator showed high modulation transfer function (mTF) such as >0.90 at 2cycles/mm. The MTF value was almost equal to the maximum value that can be theoretically achieved. Thus the FPD with pixelated scintillator has great potential to apply to high spatial-resolution X-ray inspection.
SHAKE TABLE EXPERIMENT ON ONE-STORY RC STRUCTURE WITH AND WITHOUT MASONRY INFILL

The overall dimensions of the structure were 16'-0"×14'-6" in plan and 11'-3" in height. The center-tocenter span of each frame was 13'-6" and the frames were 6'-0" apart. A 33⁄4" thick RC slab with #3 rebars top and bottom at 12" on center each way connected the frames. Column sections were 12"×12" with 8-#6 longitudinal rebars and an unbounded 11⁄4" prestressing central rod to represent column axial loads from the upper stories of the prototype building. Long direction single-span beam sections were 101⁄2"×131⁄2" with 3-#6 top and bottom rebars. Short direction double-span beam sections were 12"×9" with 2-#6 top and bottom rebars. Foundation sections were 14"×18" with 4-#7 top and bottom rebars. The concrete cover was 3⁄4" everywhere. The reinforcement was specified as Grade 60. The specified 28-day concrete strength was 4.5 ksi. The masonry wall was made of clay bricks with modular size of 4"×8"×2 2 /3" and type N mortar. The measured average 28-day compression strength of the masonry was 2.46 ksi. Added mass in the form of stacked and bolted lead ingots to the slab using 3 /8" diameter high strength rods accounted for the tributary live load of the first story and the effects of the upper stories dead and live loads. The amount of this additional mass was determined such that the base-shear on the test structure matched that of the three middle frames of the prototype building when subject to the design ground motion. Static tests
Vitreous Anatomy, Aging, and Anomalous Posterior Vitreous Detachment

The transparent gel vitreous, a product of supramolecular interaction between collagen, hyaluronan, and various sulfated proteoglycans, undergoes age-related liquefaction and dehiscence at the vitreo-retinal inetrface resulting in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Anomalous PVD is the result of liquefaction without vitreo-retinal dehiscence. This unifying concept of vitreo-retinal diseases enables a more systematic approach to vitreo-retinal diseases predicated upon biochemistry. Thus, pharmacologic vitreolysis is being developed to initially facilitate but ultimately obviate vitreo-retinal surgery. The ideal agents will achieve dehiscence at the vitreo-retinal interface (interfactants) prior to inducing gel liquefaction (liquefactants) and syneresis (collapse) of the posterior vitreous cortex away from the retina.
Hierarchical modelling for microstructure of certain brittle materials

The needs for materials science are to design components with desired performance, fabricated from materials with desired properties, and the processes to produce these components and materials via control of microstructure. Here the microstructure-property-performance relations are emphasized. In particular, microstructure is accessible experimentally, can be manipulated in processing, and determines properties and hence performance of materials.
Cloning of the Rat Tissue Factor cDNA and Promoter: Identification of a Serum-response Region

Tissue factor (TF) initiates coagulation and its expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) likely plays a role in the propagation of arterial thrombosis. We report cloning the cDNA and proximal promoter region of the rat TF gene. While maintaining the general structure and organization of the TF molecule, there is a surprising divergence (approximately 18%) between the derived amino acid sequences of the rat and mouse TF. In contrast, there is striking similarity (90%) in the 5' untranslated regions. High levels of basal promoter activity were seen in rat VSMC with constructs containing 106 bp of sequence downstream from the putative transcription start site and 426 to 103 bp of upstream sequence. Deletion of the sequence from -103 to -79, containing a single SP1 site, removed virtually all of the basal and serum-induced activity. Removal of the NF kappa B site or two additional upstream SP1 sites had little effect on serum responsiveness. Removal of the 5' untranslated region abolished most of the basal activity of the TF promoter, suggesting that its high degree of conservation may be due to the presence of transcriptional elements critical for TF expression in rodent VSMC.
High-Q Physics on-a-Chip for Integrated Optical Time Standards and Frequency Synthesizers

Communication systems leverage the respective strengths of optics and electronics to convey high-bandwidth signals over great distances. These systems were enabled by a revolution in low-optical-loss dielectric fiber, complex integrated circuits as well as devices that link together the optical and electrical worlds. Today, another revolution is leveraging the advantages of optics and electronics in new ways. At its center is the laser frequency comb which provides a coherent link between these two worlds. Significantly, because the link is also bidirectional, performance attributes previously unique to electronics and optics can be shared. The end result has been transformative for time keeping, frequency metrology, precision spectroscopy, microwave-generation, ranging and other technologies. Even more recently, low-optical-loss dielectrics, now in the form of high-Q optical resonators, are enabling the miniaturization of frequency combs. These new (microcombs) can be integrated with electronics and other optical components to potentially create systems on-a-chip. I will briefly overview the history and elements of frequency combs as well as the physics of the new microcombs. Application of the microcombs for spectroscopy and LIDAR will be discussed. Finally, efforts underway to develop integrated optical clocks and integrated optical frequency synthesizers using the microcomb element are described.
FYTing with Science: Ideological Differences on the Nature and Origin of Truth

Many people seem to embrace the idea of “Finding Your Truth” (FYT), wherein individualism has been extended to what is true and false, and the scientific method is just one way of seeing reality. In three pre-registered studies, we developed a multi-dimensional scale to measure FYT, and political liberals and conservatives evaluated disagreeing scientific (in the form of a researcher) and non-scientific (in the form of a professional or online commenter) perspectives on apolitical topics. Conservatives, compared to liberals, were more welcoming to non-scientific perspectives, an effect mediated by a stronger belief that intuitions are a valid source of truth (one dimension of FYT). However, conservatives and liberals have an equivalent tendency to see reality as subjective (another dimension of FYT), which also predicts endorsement of a science rejecter. The roots and implications of FYT thinking are discussed, including the idea that differences in science acceptance are not due only differences in reasoning ability, but also differences in belief about the nature of truth.
Effect of temperature on upper flammability limits of hydrocarbon fuel vapors in air

Does temperature affect the upper limit of flammability of combustible vapor-air mixtures? If so, how? The authors report their findings in tests of certain hydrocarbon vapors at temperatures approaching autoignition temperatures.
ESRA19-0057 Optimising pain relief in a paediatric patient for vats decortication

Background and aims Despite the reduced invasiveness of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) compared to the thoracotomic approach, postoperative pain is still considered moderate-severe, with a chronic pain rate of 22% to 63%. Yet there is currently no consensus on the best strategy for treating pain for VATS. We describe the perioperative pain management of a 7-year-old, 30-kg child who underwent VATS decortication for left empyema and chest drain insertion, a painful procedure that might benefit from a unilateral regional technique. Methods After lung isolation with a bronchial blocker, we positioned the child laterally and proceeded with an erector spinae plane (ESP) block as it is more superficial and further from the infected pleural space, compared to the paravertebral block (PVB). Moreover, it was difficult to visualise the endpoint for PVB as the pleura is stuck down from inflammation and a chest drain was in-situ. 16 mls of 0.25% levobupivacaine was deposited beneath the erector spinae muscle above the T4 transverse process under in-plane ultrasound-guidance using a 50 mm 22G echogenic needle (figure 1). Results Long lasting analgesia was achieved with minimal opioids intraoperatively (1 mg morphine) and post-operatively (0.1 mg/kg morphine in the first 24 hours). Conclusions The ESP block is a simpler, safer alternative to thoracic epidural or paravertebral block, as its sonographic target is easily visualized, and the site of injection is distant from the neuraxis, pleura, and major vascular structures. This is especially useful in VATS decortication for empyema, as multi-dermatomal analgesia is achieved even with a single block distant from the surgical site.
Simulation Training for Critical Care Airway Management: Assessing Translation to Clinical Practice Using a Small Video-Recording Device

Background Critical care airway management (CCAM) is a key skill for critical care physicians. Simulation-based training (SBT) may be an effective modality in training intensivists in CCAM. Research Question Is SBT of critical care fellows an effective means of providing training in CCAM, in particular in urgent endotracheal intubation? Study Design and Methods Thirteen first-year pulmonary critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows at an academic training program underwent SBT with a computerized patient simulator (CPS) in their first month of fellowship training. At the end of the training period, the fellows underwent video-based scoring using a 46-item checklist (of which 40 points could be scored) while performing a complete CCAM sequence on the CPS. They were then tested, using video-based scoring on their first real-life CCAM. Maintenance of skill at CCAM was assessed during the fellows' second and third year of training, using the same scoring method. Results For the first-year fellows, the score on the CPS was 38.3 ± 0.75 SD out of a maximum score of 40. The score on their first real-life patient CCAM was 39.0 ± 0.81 SD (P = .003 for equivalence; 95% CI for difference between real-life patient CCAM and CPS scores, 0.011-1.373). Sixteen second- and third-year fellows were tested at a real-life CCAM event later in their fellowship to examine for maintenance of skill. The mean maintenance of skill score of this group was 38.7 ± 1.14 SD. Interpretation Skill acquired through SBT of critical care fellows for CCAM transfers effectively to the real-life patient care arena. Second- and third-year fellows who had initially received SBT maintained skill at CCAM.
13 – Couples Therapy

Publisher Summary This chapter presents five major approaches to couples therapy and discusses their relative effectiveness in treating relationship distress. The five approaches include behavioral couples therapy, cognitive behavioral couples therapy, systemic couples therapy, psychoanalytic couples therapy, and brief problem-focused couples therapy. Each of these approaches is based on a theory of the development of relationship distress and uses specific therapeutic techniques to help alleviate this distress. In addition, two recent integrative approaches including integrative behavior couples therapy (IBCT) and emotionally focused couples therapy (EFT) are presented, which combine elements of the previous approaches in an attempt to increase the effectiveness of the intervention, are presented. Interventions for couples with psychiatric disorders and alternative interventions, such as group couples therapy and prevention, are also discussed. Outcome studies have generally found that intervening with couples and families (rather than individuals) leads to lower drop-out rates and higher treatment success rates. Behavioral couples therapy has also been shown to reduce alcoholism and to improve couples' satisfaction.
Three protein binding sites form an enhancer that regulates sex- and fat body-specific transcription of Drosophila yolk protein genes.

Abstract Transcription of the Drosophila yolk protein (Yp) genes is regulated by the somatic sex determination pathway. A gene at the bottom of this pathway, doublesex, encodes the female-specific DSXF and male-specific DSXM proteins that bind to and regulate transcription from several sites in the Yp genes. We report site-directed mutagenesis, protein binding and germline transformation experiments that identify and characterize the activity of a single binding site (dsxA) for the doublesex proteins and two binding sites for other regulatory proteins. A single copy of the three sites is sufficient to direct the sex and fat body specificities of Yp transcription. The sites form an enhancer with two strongly synergistic enhancer elements. One element (22 bp) consists of dsxA and an overlapping site, bzip1, that binds the DmC/EBP (slbo) protein, a member of the bZIP family of transcriptional activators. The other element is an 11 bp binding site (ref1) for an unknown protein. Tissue-specific activation requires strong cooperation between the ref1 site and the bzip1 or dsxA sites. Sex specificity is regulated exclusively by the dsxA site which connects the sex determination pathway to the target gene through DSXM repression and DSXF activation.
The History of Engineered Tracheal Replacements: Interpreting the Past and Guiding the Future.

The development of a tracheal graft to replace long-segment defects has thwarted clinicians and engineers alike for over 100 years. To better understand the challenges facing this field today, we h...
Mentoring as a protective factor: Exploring its impact on childhood sexual abuse survivors

Abstract Background Many survivors of childhood sexual abuse experience a wide range of deleterious psychosocial outcomes. Recent studies suggest that contextual factors – such as the survivor’s social interactions within their environment – may significantly contribute to post-abuse reaction. Objectives The current study examines the influence of mentoring relationships and – along with individual contextual factors – and their impact on the social and emotional wellbeing of survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Participants and Setting This study examines 150 respondents who reported experiencing sexual abuse and having a positive adult mentor in adolescence. Methods Using data from Wave III of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Study, a multiple regression analysis was applied to address the current study’s objectives. Results The model was statistically significant, F(17,67) = 1.933, p = .03, resulting in 33% of the variance in social and emotional wellbeing (f2 = 0.49). The model yielded 6 significant predictors, including the age when the respondent was introduced to the mentor (β = 0.777, p = .04), current importance of the mentor (β = -0.381, p = .03), and length of importance (β = 0.958, p = .01) as well as age (β = -0.447, p = .04) and level of education of the respondent (βjuniorcollege = 1.07, p = .004; βprofessionaldegree = -0.674, p = .03). Conclusions Results suggest that survivors of childhood sexual abuse have the potential to thrive in mentoring relationships, yet more exploration on mentorship and its processes for CSA survivors is needed to ensure effective intervention.
IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS PARAMETERS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL REGULATIONS IN TOBA SAMOSIR REGENCY

The importance of guidance for human rights material as the reference in regulating and limiting human rights in legislation, especially Regional Regulation is the values of human rights to be realized by the involvement and intervention of government/local governments in the form of regulations. The research method used in this writing is normative legal research method with empirical data. The main data in this research is secondary data. There are 3 (three) Regulations of the Regency of Toba Samosir that optimally accommodate the parameters of human rights in making the Regional Regulation. However, there is 1 (one) Regional Regulation that has 2 (two) indicators of parameters of human rights that have yet to be fulfilled. Suggestively, the Government to make a special regulation related to The Parameters of Human Rights in Regional Regulation Making that will be guidance for Provincial/Regency/Municipal Governments in making their Regional Regulations, so that they will be more measured in viewing Human Rights and it is also suggested for the Government of Regency of Toba Samosir in accommodating implemented parameters of human rights in making the Regional Regulations by involving the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights both in the harmonization, discussion and finalization of conception of the Draft Regional Regulation. Keywords: Parameters, Human Rights, Regional Regulation.
Enhancing T Cell Chemotaxis and Infiltration in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is an immunologically 'cold' tumor, which are characterized by absent or minimal numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). For those tumors that have been invaded by lymphocytes, they are profoundly exhausted and ineffective. While many immunotherapy approaches seek to reinvigorate immune cells at the tumor, this requires TILs to be present. Therefore, to unleash the full potential of immunotherapy in glioblastoma, the trafficking of lymphocytes to the tumor is highly desirable. However, the process of T cell recruitment into the central nervous system (CNS) is tightly regulated. Naive T cells may undergo an initial licensing process to enter the migratory phenotype necessary to enter the CNS. T cells then must express appropriate integrins and selectin ligands to interact with transmembrane proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Finally, they must interact with antigen-presenting cells and undergo further licensing to enter the parenchyma. These T cells must then navigate the tumor microenvironment, which is rich in immunosuppressive factors. Altered tumoral metabolism also interferes with T cell motility. In this review, we will describe these processes and their mediators, along with potential therapeutic approaches to enhance trafficking. We also discuss safety considerations for such approaches as well as potential counteragents.
Enhancement of goldfish virus type 2 replication by 1- naphthol, the major hydrolysis product of the pesticide carbaryl.

The major hydrolysis product of the pesticide carbaryl, 1-naphthol, enhanced the replication of goldfish virus type 2 in piscine cell culture at concentrations below any detectable cytotoxicity. Enhancement indices of 2.3, 3.7, and 7.1 were observed at 1, 5, and 10 ppm (μl/liter), respectively. Replication at 0.5 ppm was equivalent to that of controls.
TGF-|[beta]| helps cells fly solo

Intravital imaging demonstrates that TGF-β signalling regulates the mode of cancer cell motility. Cells with active TGF-β signalling migrate as single cells and are capable of hematogenous and lymphatic spread, whereas cells lacking TGF-β signalling invade lymphatics collectively.
D1/D5 Dopamine Receptor Activation Differentially Modulates Rapidly Inactivating and Persistent Sodium Currents in Prefrontal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons

Dopamine (DA) is a well established modulator of prefrontal cortex (PFC) function, yet the cellular mechanisms by which DA exerts its effects in this region are controversial. A major point of contention is the consequence of D(1) DA receptor activation. Several studies have argued that D(1) receptors enhance the excitability of PFC pyramidal neurons by augmenting voltage-dependent Na(+) currents, particularly persistent Na(+) currents. However, this conjecture is based on indirect evidence. To provide a direct test of this hypothesis, we combined voltage-clamp studies of acutely isolated layer V-VI prefrontal pyramidal neurons with single-cell RT-PCR profiling. Contrary to prediction, the activation of D(1) or D(5) DA receptors consistently suppressed rapidly inactivating Na(+) currents in identified corticostriatal pyramidal neurons. This modulation was attenuated by a D(1)/D(5) receptor antagonist, mimicked by a cAMP analog, and blocked by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. In the same cells the persistent component of the Na(+) current was unaffected by D(1)/D(5) receptor activation-suggesting that rapidly inactivating and persistent Na(+) currents arise in part from different channels. Single-cell RT-PCR profiling showed that pyramidal neurons coexpressed three alpha-subunit mRNAs (Nav1.1, 1.2, and 1.6) that code for the Na(+) channel pore. In neurons from Nav1.6 null mice the persistent Na(+) currents were significantly smaller than in wild-type neurons. Moreover, the residual persistent currents in these mutant neurons-which are attributable to Nav1.1/1.2 channels-were reduced significantly by PKA activation. These results argue that D(1)/D(5) DA receptor activation reduces the rapidly inactivating component of Na(+) current in PFC pyramidal neurons arising from Nav1.1/1.2 Na(+) channels but does not modulate effectively the persistent component of the Na(+) current that is attributable to Nav1.6 Na(+) channels.
Measurement of active shoulder motion using the Kinect, a commercially available infrared position detection system.

Background The shoulder's ability to participate in sports and activities of daily living depends on its active range of motion. Clinical goniometry is of limited utility in rigorously assessing limitation of motion and the effectiveness of treatment. We sought to determine (1) whether a validated position-sensing tool, the Kinect, can enable the objective clinical measurement of shoulder motion and (2) the degree to which active range of motion correlates with patient self-assessed shoulder function. Methods In 10 control subjects, we compared Kinect motion measurements to measurements made on standardized anteroposterior and lateral photographs taken concurrently. In 51 patients, we correlated active motion with the ability to perform the functions of the Simple Shoulder Test (SST). Results In controls, Kinect measurements strongly agreed with photographic measurements. In patients, the total SST score was strongly correlated with the range of active abduction. The ability to perform each of the individual SST functions was strongly correlated with active motion. The active motion in well-functioning patient shoulders averaged 155° ± 22° abduction, 159° ± 14° flexion, 76° ± 18° external rotation in abduction, −59° ± 25° internal rotation in abduction, and −3.3 ± 3.7 inches of cross-body adduction, values similar to the control shoulders. Use of the Kinect system was practical in clinical examination rooms, requiring Discussion The Kinect provides a clinically practical method for objectively measuring active shoulder motion. Active motion was an important determinant of patient-assessed shoulder function.
A Neurological Foundation for Legal Free Will

Neuroscience provides a new lens to examine the concept of freedom underlying moral and legal responsibility. The difference between an eye blink and an eye wink, once unknowable, may now be studied with emerging technologies from neuroscience. Recent scholarship integrating neuroscience into debates over moral and legal responsibility, however, largely concede that criminal law must fundamentally alter its view of human actions and of human behavior and restructure its concept of responsibility to conform to these new technologies. This paper demonstrates that, to the contrary, research into the neural processes involved in choice, and cutting edge neuro-technology, such as brain-machine interface, may offer new insights into human agency and responsibility. These insights bolster existing theories of freedom of choice and freedom of action, lending credence to concept of agency underlying both. The grounding neuroscience offers to agency-based concepts of freedom confers an immediate benefit to institutions built upon presumptions of human agency, but thin in their existing defense. This is particularly true for the concept of legal free will underpinning responsibility in criminal law. Legal free will has traditionally relied upon consequentialist or compatibilist justifications for responsibility, rather than a theoretically stronger account of freedom. Rather than eschewing theoretical free will as unnecessary to criminal responsibility, legal free will could embrace advances in neuroscience to supplement a theory of freedom that comports with moral responsibility and provide it with a more robust foundation.
Summary of the International Cancer Microenvironment from meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 3-6, 1999.

The ICMF [1][1] Charter Members meeting took place at the UPCI. Dr. Ronald B. Herberman (UPCI) and Dr. Theresa L. Whiteside (UPCI) hosted the meeting, which included 14 members from eight different countries and 6 guest scientists from the United States, most of whom represented UPCI. As always, the
A road not taken: the proposal for a Harvard School of Nursing.

WARD F. Nursing Inquiry 2010; 17: 128–141 A road not taken: the proposal for a Harvard School of Nursing The modernist orientation of nurse leaders in the late nineteenth century directly impacted the future of nursing in the USA. Their orientation is explored in this article as a factor that may have contributed to the failure of the Harvard School of Nursing proposal – a road not taken in nursing education, a road that would have afforded nursing an early central role within the Harvardization of American post-secondary education. The backlash resulting from the attention that was given to Alfred Worcester and Annette Fiske’s radical call for contextualization is explored. Modernist tropes of thought that enabled early nurse leaders to weld nursing education to hospitals through the actions of nursing superintendents are described. Outcomes resulting from this welding are delineated, including idolatry of the hospital as nursing’s icon, subservience to physicians, a monastic on-duty mantra, the development of a standardized curriculum linked to hospitals, and the framing of state registration within a philosophy that disenfranchised nurses. A non-teleological, narrative analysis of this case is offered to enable nursing to heighten the tensions between the tropes of modernism and those of contextualism, and thus, to empower leaders in the re-invention of America’s twenty-first century healthcare delivery system.
Binary CDMA signature sets with concurrently minimum total-squared-correlation and maximum-squared-correlation

We derive lower bounds on the maximum-squared-correlation (MSC) of binary antipodal signature sets for any number of signatures K and any signature length L with K /spl les/ L (underloaded systems). We establish the tightness of the bounds for all cases except K = L /spl equiv/ 1 (mod 4) and we prove that the minimum total-squared-correlation (TSC) binary antipodal signature sets that were recently designed are, in fact doubly optimal for underloaded systems: both their TSC and MSC are minimum.
IFN-γ Regulation of Class II Transactivator Promoter IV in Macrophages and Microglia: Involvement of the Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling-1 Protein

The discovery of the class II transactivator (CIITA) transcription factor, and its IFN-γ-activated promoter (promoter IV), have provided new opportunities to understand the molecular mechanisms of IFN-γ-induced class II MHC expression. Here, we investigated the molecular regulation of IFN-γ-induced murine CIITA promoter IV activity in microglia/macrophages. In the macrophage cell line RAW264.7, IFN-γ inducibility of CIITA promoter IV is dependent on an IFN-γ activation sequence (GAS) element and adjacent E-Box, and an IFN response factor (IRF) element, all within 196 bp of the transcription start site. In both RAW cells and the microglia cell line EOC20, two IFN-γ-activated transcription factors, STAT-1α and IRF-1, bind the GAS and IRF elements, respectively. The E-Box binds upstream stimulating factor-1 (USF-1), a constitutively expressed transcription factor. Functionally, the GAS, E-Box, and IRF elements are each essential for IFN-γ-induced CIITA promoter IV activity. The effects of the suppressors of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) protein on IFN-γ-induced CIITA and class II MHC expression were examined. Ectopic expression of SOCS-1 inhibits IFN-γ-induced activation of CIITA promoter IV and subsequent class II MHC protein expression. Interestingly, SOCS-1 inhibits the constitutive expression of STAT-1α and its IFN-γ-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and binding to the GAS element in CIITA promoter IV. As well, IFN-γ-induced expression of IRF-1 and its binding to the IRF element is inhibited. These results indicate that SOCS-1 may be responsible for attenuating IFN-γ-induced CIITA and class II MHC expression in macrophages.
Early embryonic lethality of mice with disrupted transcription cofactor PIMT/NCOA6IP/Tgs1 gene.

Abstract PIMT (also known as PIPMT/NCOA6IP/Tgs1), first isolated as a transcription coactivator PRIP (NCOA6)-interacting 96-kDa protein with RNA-binding property, possesses RNA methyltransferase activity. As a transcription coactivator binding protein, PIMT enhances the nuclear receptor transcriptional activity and its methyltransferase property is involved in the formation of the 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap of non-coding small RNAs, but the in vivo functions of this gene have not been fully explored. To elucidate the biological functions, we used gene targeting to generate mice with a disrupted PIMT/Tgs1 gene. Disruption of PIMT gene results in early embryonic lethality due to impairment of development around the blastocyst and uterine implantation stages. We show that PIMT is expressed in all cells of the E3.5 day blastocyst in the mouse. PIMT null mutation abolished PIMT expression in all cells of the blastocyst and caused a reduction in the expression of Oct4 and Nanog transcription factor proteins in the E3.5 blastocyst resulting in the near failure to form inner cell mass (ICM). With conditional deletion of PIMT gene, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit defective wound healing in the scratch assay and a reduction in cell proliferation due to decreased G0/G1 transition and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. We conclude that PIMT/NCOA6IP, which is expressed in all cells of the 3.5 day stage blastocyst, is indispensable for early embryonic development.
Rain and Raids Revisited: Disaggregating Ethnic Group Livestock Raiding in the Ethiopian-Kenyan Border Region

Focusing on livestock raiding, a major form of violence in arid and semiarid regions, we evaluate the relationship between rainfall and intensity of violence, disaggregating ethnic groups that have somewhat different subsistence patterns. We do so to try to resolve previously published results and conclusions that appear contradictory – some research finding livestock violence higher in wet times suggestive of more violence in times of plenty; others finding violence higher in dry times suggestive of greater scarcity. Using rainfall from NASA and violence data from ACLED for the years 1998–2009, we looked at the patterns of livestock-related violence for six different ethnic groups that have a home in the area in and around Marsabit district of Kenya. Different ethnic groups appear to have somewhat different patterns and we suggest how some of their cultural differences may explain these patterns. However, for most groups, intense violence is more common in drier times.