cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Esophageal malignancies. Experience with 110 cases.

Malignancies of the esophagus along with pancreatic neoplasms are the most lethal of cancers in terms of cure rates and survival time following diagnosis. Cure of esophageal cancer can be obtained by surgical resection when the disease is diagnosed early, as in the rare instances of hemorrhage from small tumors.
Volume response of quiescent and interleukin 2-stimulated T-lymphocytes to hypotonicity

Regulatory volume decreased (RVD) in lymphocytes in response to hyptonically induced swelling is dependent on the membrane permeabilities of K+, Cl-, and H2O. We used electronic cell sizing, cell w...
Euler and the Hollow Earth: Fact or Fiction? (April 2007)

Is the earth hollow? Is there a sun 600 miles in diameter at the center of the hollow earth? Is the inside of the shell of the hollow earth covered with mountains larger than the ones we see on the outside? Is there a hole in the shell of the hollow earth through which flying saucers from Venus and space ships from other galaxies fly to get to their bases inside the hollow earth? Are there secret passages from the bases of the Great Pyramid and other locations around the earth that connect the outside to the inside of the earth? Is the mushroom cloud of an atomic bomb really caused when the bomb pokes a hole through the shell and the gasses inside the earth rush through to escape? Some people claim to believe all of this, and they even give us detailed maps of what is inside the earth. See, for example, the extravagant map above, drawn by Max Fyfield and available on scores of pages on the web. [Fy] Imagine my surprise when I found apparently reputable sources that said that Euler also endorsed a hollow earth theory, and that Fyfield's map was based on Euler's theories. This, of course, piqued my curiosity, so I decided to look into the question of Euler and the Hollow Earth. Here are a few excerpts from some websites I found that credit Euler with a hollow earth theory. Leonhard Euler Later theorists came up with variations to Halley's [sic] model. In the 17th century, Leonhard Euler proposed a single-shell hollow Earth with a small sun (1.000 km across) at the centre, providing light and warmth for an inner-Earth civilisation. Others proposed two inner suns, and even named them: Pluto and Proserpine. http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2007/03/01/85-inside-the-hollow-earth/ Leonhard Euler In the 18th century Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler took the multiple spheres theory and replaced it with a single hollow sphere that contained a sun 600 miles wide. He said the sun maintained heat and light for an advanced civilization that he said lived there.
HIPPI: highly accurate protein family classification with ensembles of HMMs

Given a new biological sequence, detecting membership in a known family is a basic step in many bioinformatics analyses, with applications to protein structure and function prediction and metagenomic taxon identification and abundance profiling, among others. Yet family identification of sequences that are distantly related to sequences in public databases or that are fragmentary remains one of the more difficult analytical problems in bioinformatics. We present a new technique for family identification called HIPPI (Hierarchical Profile Hidden Markov Models for Protein family Identification). HIPPI uses a novel technique to represent a multiple sequence alignment for a given protein family or superfamily by an ensemble of profile hidden Markov models computed using HMMER. An evaluation of HIPPI on the Pfam database shows that HIPPI has better overall precision and recall than blastp, HMMER, and pipelines based on HHsearch, and maintains good accuracy even for fragmentary query sequences and for protein families with low average pairwise sequence identity, both conditions where other methods degrade in accuracy. HIPPI provides accurate protein family identification and is robust to difficult model conditions. Our results, combined with observations from previous studies, show that ensembles of profile Hidden Markov models can better represent multiple sequence alignments than a single profile Hidden Markov model, and thus can improve downstream analyses for various bioinformatic tasks. Further research is needed to determine the best practices for building the ensemble of profile Hidden Markov models. HIPPI is available on GitHub at https://github.com/smirarab/sepp .
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for occult breast cancer detected during breast reduction surgery

Breast reduction surgery is considered a relative contraindication to a sentinel node biopsy because of the possibility that lymphatics have been interrupted by the procedure. We describe six patients who underwent successful sentinel lymph node biopsy for occult carcinomas detected after breast reduction surgery. A subsequent skin-sparing mastectomy, along with a sentinel lymph node biopsy, was performed. Reconstruction was possible in five of six patients. Sentinel lymph node biopsy should not be considered a contraindication after breast reduction surgery.
Alternative careers in the laboratory re-engineering paradigm.

This article addresses the explosive increase in opportunities available to pathologists in the information technology, biotechnology, and bioengineering fields. Although the particular vocational titles and settings discussed are perhaps novel to pathologists, the actual fields of concern and scope of domain knowledge application are well within the repertoire of clinical and anatomic pathology.
Forming Stable Coalitions in Large Systems with Self-interested Agents

In coalition formation with self-interested agents both social welfare of the multi-agent system and stability of individual coalitions must be taken into account. However, in large-scale systems with thousands of agents, finding an optimal solution with respect to both metrics is infeasible.
Effects of menthol and its interaction with nicotine-conditioned cue on nicotine-seeking behavior in rats

Increasing clinical evidence suggests that menthol, a significant flavoring additive in tobacco products, may contribute to smoking and nicotine dependence. Relapse to smoking behavior presents a formidable challenge for the treatment of tobacco addiction. An unresolved issue is whether the mentholation of tobacco products precipitates relapse to tobacco use in abstinent smokers. The present study examined the effects of menthol on the perseverance and relapse of nicotine-seeking behavior in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to press a lever for intravenous nicotine self-administration (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) under a fixed-ratio five schedule of reinforcement. Each nicotine infusion was signaled by the presentation of a sensory stimulus that was established as a discrete nicotine-conditioned cue. Five minutes prior to the sessions, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of menthol (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle. In the subsequent extinction test sessions, nicotine was unavailable with or without menthol and/or the nicotine-conditioned cue. The reinstatement tests were performed the following day after the extinction criterion was met. Menthol was also tested on food-seeking responses. In a subset of nicotine-trained rats, a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist RQ-00203078 was given prior to menthol administration. Continued administration of menthol sustained responses on the previously active and nicotine-reinforced lever in the extinction tests. The readministration of menthol after extinction reinstated active lever responses. In both the extinction and the reinstatement tests, a combination of pre-session menthol administration and cue representation during the session produced a more robust behavioral effect than either menthol or the cue alone. No such effects of menthol was observed in food trained rats. RQ-00203078 did not change menthol effect on nicotine seeking. These data demonstrated that menthol specifically sustained and reinstated nicotine-seeking behavior, and this effect was independent of TRPM8 activity. These findings suggest that menthol in most tobacco products, even not menthol labeled, may contribute to the perseverance of and relapse to tobacco-seeking behavior.
Analysis of a coupled absorptive Fabry-Perot resonator in a passive-active configuration.

I present a theoretical analysis and study of a compound Fabry-Perot resonator consisting of two coupled Fabry-Perot etalons. The coupled resonator configuration studied contains a passive and nonabsorptive Fabry-Perot cavity coupled to an active Fabry-Perot cavity, the absorption of which can be adjusted. Mathematical relationships useful in the design and optimization of the structures with prescribed properties for device applications are given.
Physiological and Biomechanical Responses of Highly Trained Distance Runners to Lower-Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Running.

As a way to train at faster running speeds, add training volume, prevent injury, or rehabilitate after an injury, lower-body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPT) have become increasingly commonplace among athletes. However, there are conflicting evidence and a paucity of data describing the physiological and biomechanical responses to LBPPT running in highly trained or elite caliber runners at the running speeds they habitually train at, which are considerably faster than those of recreational runners. Furthermore, data is lacking regarding female runners’ responses to LBPPT running. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the physiological and biomechanical responses to LBPPT running in highly trained male and female distance runners. Fifteen highly trained distance runners (seven male; eight female) completed a single running test composed of 4 × 9-min interval series at fixed percentages of body weight ranging from 0 to 30% body weight support (BWS) in 10% increments on LBPPT. The first interval was always conducted at 0% BWS; thereafter, intervals at 10, 20, and 30% BWS were conducted in random order. Each interval consisted of three stages of 3 min each, at velocities of 14.5, 16.1, and 17.7 km·h−1 for men and 12.9, 14.5, and 16.1 km·h−1 for women. Expired gases, ventilation, breathing frequency, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and stride characteristics were measured during each running speed and BWS. Male and female runners had similar physiological and biomechanical responses to running on LBPPT. Increasing BWS increased stride length (p 0.05), and small-large effects on HR and RPE (p 0.05). The results indicate the male and female distance runners have similar physiological and biomechanical responses to LBPPT running. Overall, the biomechanical changes during LBPPT running all contributed to less metabolic cost and corresponding physiological changes.
Ethics and Internationalism in Japanese Education, 1933–45

After their government's 1933 withdrawal from the League of Nations, Japanese internationalists searched for new ways to engage with the world or struggled to accommodate their advocacy of international cooperation to the realities of the wartime empire. The idea of international morality was central to this effort. Ethics textbooks, which presented ideals of international behaviour, provide a particular view of this intellectual and policy endeavour of the 1930s and early 1940s, showing how the concept of morality became a means to reconcile internationalism with imperialism and war. Echoing many of the ideas current in both public discussion and behind-closed-doors decision-making on foreign policy at the time, textbook authors and other educators contributed to a broader redefinition of internationalism that enabled it to persist through a period of imperialism and war.
Constraining the R -symmetric chargino NLSP at the LHC

We present a phenomenological study of Dirac electroweakinos in a $U(1{)}_{R}$ extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with a strictly $R$-symmetric Higgs sector (minimal $R$-symmetric supersymmetric standard model) and gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. One of the distinguishing features of the MRSSM is that the lightest chargino can be lighter than the lightest neutralino. Decays from the next-to-lightest-supersymmetric particle (NLSP) chargino to the gravitino lightest supersymmetric particle will produce exotic signals. We apply LHC-13 mass limits from both prompt and long-lived searches to the chargino NLSP regime of the MRSSM. Imposing the additional constraints coming from the 125 GeV Higgs and from the electroweak sector, regions of the parameter space are found where the gravitino lightest supersymmetric particle, chargino NLSP scenario survives all current bounds. We also show that the fine-tuning of the model can reach a level slightly better than sub-percent with our choice of parameters.
Objects of Memory: The Ethnography and Archaeology of Heirlooms

With the emergence of chiefdoms, a new ideology of inherited social difference had to be created and sustained over time. One way that inherited social inequalities may have been constructed, legitimated, and maintained is through the transmission of heirlooms or artifacts that objectified a collective ancestral past. Archaeologists have generally viewed heirlooms as anomalies or complications in the archaeological record. In this paper, however, I argue that, if identified, heirlooms have the potential to provide a richer and finer-grained understanding of the human past, in general, and to aid in the determination of hereditary rank, in particular. I discuss and compare the ethnographic evidence for heirloom use in bands, tribes, and chiefdoms, and, based on this evidence, I suggest criteria by which heirlooms might be identified in the archaeological record. Some examples of possible heirlooms from the archaeological literature are also presented. Finally, an evolutionary model for the circulation and disposal of heirlooms is proposed.
Cultural Competence and the Deaf Patient

Health-care disparities exist for many underrepresented groups of people, including those with disabilities or who require accommodations. Within this minority group, the Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) user is also a linguistic and cultural minority. Like many other underrepresented ethnic/racial groups with limited English proficiency, this group of people experiences some of the same barriers to equitable health care including poor access to primary care, increased comorbidities, and poor overall health outcomes in comparison to the general population. Despite several national advocacy organizations and laws, these disparities still exist and negatively impact the lives of Deaf ASL users. Promoting increased cultural awareness may positively influence health-care provider practice and lead to the reduction of these disparities.
Towards Sustainable and Multifunctional Air-Filters: A Review on Biopolymer-Based Filtration Materials

Air-filtration has played an increasingly important role in keeping desired indoor air quality in spite of the heavily polluted air that has worsened by human being’s activities. Because the compos...
Gender differences in association of prescription opioid use and mortality: A propensity-matched analysis from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) prospective cohort.

AbstractBackground: Prescription opioids (PO) have been widely used for chronic non-cancer pain, with commensurate concerns for overdose. The long-term effect of these medications on non-overdose m...
Diabetes and CVD Risk: Special Considerations in African Americans Related to Care

Among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death regardless of ethnicity. However, recent studies suggest that special considerations should be taken into account when caring for African Americans with T2D, as risk factors, incidence, prevalence, and mortality differ from other populations. This review highlights literature supporting the unique characteristics of managing cardiovascular risk and mortality in African Americans (AAs) with T2D. African Americans have an increased risk of developing T2D and have a higher prevalence of T2D compared with non-Hispanic whites. Certain cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension and obesity, are particularly challenging in African Americans with T2D and influence CVD and mortality. Treatment regimens including lifestyle modification, pharmacologic interventions, and surgery to manage T2D in patients of all populations may not produce equitable outcomes in African Americans. Particularly, newer cardiovascular outcome trials for sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucose-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have disparate effect estimates for major adverse cardiovascular event reduction in African Americans. Thus, research focused on cardiovascular risk reduction in African Americans is of paramount importance. In summary, there are numerous discrepancies in the outcomes of recent cardiovascular risk trials for the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of African Americans with T2D. Future investigations must lead to improved cardiovascular outcomes through evidence-based care of T2D in African Americans if we are to continue to lower the burden of CVD in the USA.
Degree-Days: Growing, Heating, and Cooling

How much and when it rains, freezes, and thaws can make the difference between boom and bust for a year's crop. However, temperature can predict more than boom or bust. Atmospheric temperature can predict the growth rates of many plants. For this reason, growers use a concept called growing degree-days (GDD), sometimes called heat units. This 5-page document discusses growing degree-days, use of the AgroClimate website to track and forecast GDD accumulation, heating and cooling degree-days, and methods for calculating HDD, CDD, and GDD. Written by Clyde W. Fraisse and Silvana V. Paula-Moraes, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, revised December 2010 and April 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae428
Self-Winding Helices as Slow-Wave Structures for Sub-Millimeter Traveling-Wave Tubes.

We present a transformative route to obtain mass-producible helical slow-wave structures for operation in beam–wave interaction devices at THz frequencies. The approach relies on guided self-assemb...
The Impact of Smoking on Maximum Oxygen Uptake.

BACKGROUND: This systematic literature review summarizes the impact of smoking on maximal oxygen uptake (maximum V ˙ O 2 ). METHODS: Full-text articles were retrieved if the abstract met the assigned criteria. A total of 9 articles were included in the final review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These included articles assessed the effects of tobacco smoking on maximum V ˙ O 2 values. RESULTS: Half of the articles reported a significant difference in maximum V ˙ O 2 scores between smokers and nonsmokers, with smokers having a lower maximum V ˙ O 2 . The other half of the articles did not identify significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. One study found a significant difference in maximum V ˙ O 2 in only one age group (ie, 20–29 y), but not any of the other age groups. CONCLUSIONS: More research is needed on the effects of smoking on maximum V ˙ O 2 to better understand any relationships or causations.
Effects of concomitant combination of SGLT-2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist on renal outcomes in T2D with eGFR below 30 and macroalbuminuria: A case series

Renal protection is likely to be a class effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1RA. When used simultaneously, there may be a synergistic effect. Both agents are also safe to use in high renal risk patients (eGFR between 21 and 30 mL/min/1.73m2).
Abstract 554: Aqueous humor as a liquid biopsy for uveal melanoma

Purpose: Metastatic Uveal Melanoma (UM) is usually fatal within one year of symptom onset. There are a variety of biomarkers that can stratify patients9 metastatic risk, but identifying them requires intraocular tumor biopsy. Liquid biopsy offers a less invasive alterative without the risks of retinal detachment and intraocular hemorrhage. We investigated whether the aqueous humor (AH) has sufficient tumor-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to function as a liquid biopsy for UM. Methods: This case series includes 12 AH samples from 7 eyes of 7 UM patients from whom AH was sampled during routine brachytherapy plaque placement and/or removal. Double stranded DNA (dsDNA), single stranded DNA (ssDNA), RNA, and microRNA (miRNA) were quantified with respective Qubit High Sensitivity Assay Kits (Thermo Fischer) for each sample. The lower limit of detection was 0.01 ng/µL for dsDNA, 0.05 ng/µL for ssDNA, 0.25 ng/µL for RNA, and 0.05 ng/µL for miRNA. CfDNA was then isolated and sequenced on an Illumina platform to assess genome-wide somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). Results: Aqueous humor derived cfDNA was detected in all samples, ranging from 0.085-28.8 ng/µL (mean = 2.7 ng/µL). RNA was detected in 2 of 12 samples (mean = 1.6 ng/µL, range = 0.7-2.5 ng/µL), and miRNA was detected in 11 of 12 samples (mean = 1.7 ng/µL, range = 0.094-16.2 ng/µL). There was a significantly higher cfDNA concentration in post-radiation samples than pre-radiation samples, (median = 0.082 ng/µL in pre-radiation, 0.21 ng/µL in post-radiation, W = 1, z = -2.55, p Conclusions: The AH is a source of cfDNA in eyes with UM, with a higher yield of all nucleic acids detected after brachytherapy radiation treatment. UM associated SCNAs were identified in the AH of one eye with an iridociliary tumor after radiation only. We hypothesize this may be due to intratumoral necrosis from the radiation as well as the proximity of the primary tumor to the AH in the case where SCNAs were identified. These results represent the first time that UM SCNAs have been identified in cfDNA isolated from the AH, and this provides preliminary evidence that the AH can serve as a liquid biopsy for UM. Citation Format: Mary E. Kim, Liya Xu, Chen-Ching Peng, Peter Kuhn, James Hicks, Jesse L. Berry. Aqueous humor as a liquid biopsy for uveal melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 554.
Ascites volume at the time of primary debulking and overall survival of patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer

Objectives: Investigate the impact of malignant ascites volume on the overall survival of patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma who undergo primary debulking surgery and achieve complete gross resection. Methods: Patients without a history of another tumor diagnosed with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma and bulky intra-abdominal disease between 2004-2015, who underwent primary debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and achieved complete gross resection were drawn from the National Cancer Database. Based on available information, the presence and volume of malignant ascites was assessed and categorized as absent, low ( Results: A total of 1040 patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified; 50.4% had no ascites, 34.2% had low and 15.4% had high volume malignant ascites at the time of primary debulking surgery. Median patient age was 61 years, while the majority were White (87.7%), without co-morbidities (81.1%) and had serous tumors (91.8%). Groups were comparable in terms of patient race, presence of comorbidities, tumor histology and grade. Median OS of patients without malignant ascites was 59.79 months, compared to 50.33 months for those who had low volume and 41.95 months for those who had high volume malignant ascites. After controlling for patient age, race, insurance status, presence of comorbidities and tumor histology and grade, compared to patients with no malignant ascites those with low (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.72) and high volume ascites (HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.55) had worse overall survival. Patients with low volume ascites had better survival compared to those with high volume ascites (HR: 0.71 95% CI: 0.54, 0.93) after controlling for the aforementioned confounders. Conclusions: Presence and volume of ascites at the time of primary debulking surgery may be associated with worse oncologic outcomes.
Comments on Dissipative Designs and the Tora Benchmark

Building on physically motivated energy functions, dissipative designs often lead to relatively simple and intuitive controllers, along with guarantees for parameter-independent stability. We use the TORA example to illustrate some qualitative and quantitative issues concerning dissipative control, including the impact on performance of both lossless and dissipative design parameters. As happens in other non-linear systems, the analysis reveals substantial differences in performance-based design parameters selections, in different parts of the state space. The distinction between “large deviations” and “small deviations” dynamics suggests a controller structure that ignores energy dissipation of the actuator state, during large plant-state deviations, and moves to complete-state dissipation, in the small deviations mode. This alternative compensator provides for faster convergence with considerably lower actuation, than a single structure dissipative controller. Dissipative, observer based design is provided for the partial state feedback case, offering, much shorter time constants than static feedback compensators.
Causal Impotence and Evolutionary Influence: Epistemological Challenges for Non-Naturalism

Two epistemological critiques of non-naturalism are not always carefully distinguished. According to the Causal Objection, the fact that moral properties cannot cause our moral beliefs implies that it would be a coincidence if many of them were true. According to the Evolutionary Objection, the fact that evolutionary pressures have influenced our moral beliefs implies a similar coincidence. After distinguishing these epistemological critiques, I provide an extensive defense of the Causal Objection that also strengthens the Evolutionary Objection. In particular, I formulate a “Master Causal Objection” featuring the controversial premise that non-naturalism can provide no adequate explanation for moral knowledge. I defend this premise by first narrowing down the range of candidate explanations to conceptual, constitutive, and evolutionary explanations, and then considering and eliminating each of these in turn. My discussion of evolutionary explanations suggests that non-naturalists must refute the Causal Objection in order to refute the Evolutionary Objection.
Down Regulation of the Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor of the Rat Prostate Following Castration

Prostatic secretion is dependent upon the integrity of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems and is dramatically influenced by muscarinic cholinergic analogs. In this study, we have used radioligand receptor binding methods on whole tissue homogenates and slide mounted tissue sections of rat prostate to determine whether androgens regulate the density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the prostate. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding affinities (Kd) of [3H] N-methylscopolamine in prostatic homogenates obtained from intact, castrate, and castrate rats receiving testosterone replacement (castrate + T) were similar (0.07 to 0.10 nM). The muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding capacity decreased 73 per cent following castration. Testosterone administration restored the density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in castrate rats to intact levels. In order to ensure that the loss of receptor density was not due to a decrease in the epithelial: stromal cell ratio, the number of muscarinic cholinergic receptors per unit area of epithelium was determined in the 3 treatment groups using autoradiography on slide mounted tissue sections. The density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in a unit area of epithelium was decreased 91 per cent following castration. Testosterone administration restored the density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the castrate rats to intact levels. The modulation of neurotransmitter receptors by steroid hormones may be a mechanism by which sex steroids regulate biological responsiveness of target tissues.
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

In this chapter, the concepts of nonlinear dynamical systems will be introduced. The local theory of nonlinear dynamical systems will be briefly discussed. The stability switching and bifurcation on specific eigenvectors of the linearized system at equilibrium will be discussed. The higher order singularity and stability for nonlinear systems on the specific eigenvectors will be developed.
The performance of measurement-based overlay networks

The literature contains propositions for the use of overlay networks to supplement the normal IP routing functions with higher-level information in order to improve aspects of network behavior. We consider the use of such an overlay to optimize the end-to-end behavior of some special traffic flows. Measurements are used both to construct the virtual links of the overlay and to establish the link costs for use in a link-state routing protocol. The overlay attempts to forward certain packets over the least congested rather than the shortest path. We present simulation results showing that contrary to common belief overlay networks are not always beneficial and can be detrimental.
Infection of human epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). II. Biochemical characterization of EBV-determined proteins synthesized in epithelial cells.

Abstract Primary cultures of epithelial cells were grown from tonsils of patients with diseases not related to EBV. The cells were implanted with EBV receptors and exposed to EBV of the transforming (B95-8, AG-876) and nontransforming (P3HR-1) strains. The EBV-infected and control cells were pulsed with [35S]methionine at 18–24 h after infection, and cell extracts were prepared for immunoprecipitation with anti-EBV sera and analysis by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. About 20 EBV-determined proteins ranging from 22 to 185 kDa were detected in P3HR-1 virus-infected epithelial cells. Only a few polypeptides were detected in extracts of cells infected with AG-876 virus while no EBV-specific proteins were immunoprecipitated from extracts of B95-8 virus-infected cells. These results demonstrate that the system of EBV receptor-implanted normal human epithelial cells can be used for direct biochemical analysis of EBV infection in the epithelial tissue.
Deformation behavior of depleted uranium/Tungsten fiber composites in compression

Longitudinal and transverse compression testing of depleted uranium (U-0.75Ti)/tungsten fiber (either pure tungsten or W-3Re) unidirectional composites has been carried out by using cylindrical specimens with various length-to-diameter (l/d) ratios. Inelastic column buckling was eliminated by using a proper l/d ratio for the specimen. The test fixture included constraining rings at the ends of the specimen to prevent brooming failure, and compressive loads were applied directly to the end faces of the specimen. The compressive yield strength of the longitudinal specimen increased linearly with volume fraction of fibers obeying a rule-of-mixture equation, and the composite did not fail catastrophically. However, the strength of the transverse specimens decreased with increasing fiber volume fraction and the specimen failed catastrophically on a plane 30 deg to the compression axis. Both longitudinal and transverse compressive strengths were significantly increased by heat treatment of the composite.
Does more federal environmental funding increase or decrease states' efforts?

We examine the flow of federal grants-in-aid from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to the states. We simultaneously model two dependent variables (the flow of EPA funds, and state environmental and natural resource budgets) to identify the independent roles of state political institutions, political preferences, economic and demographic characteristics, and the task environment. Our central focus, though, is on the relationship between grants and state spending after taking into account those direct effects. We examine the evidence for positive association (a flypaper effect) and negative association (crowding out). We show the different roles for political institutions, political preferences, demographic and economic characteristics, and the task environment in each spending context. Most importantly, we find evidence for a flypaper effect between federal funds and state spending: Federal spending and state spending are positively correlated after accounting for the contribution of the unique factors. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS) --- A Transformative Paradigm

The Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS), paradigm entails the ability to dynamically incorporate data into an executing application simulation, and in reverse, the ability of applications to dynamically steer measurement processes. The ability to augment the traditional application modeling with such dynamic data inputs, acquired in real time, online, or existing as archival data, creates the possibility of entirely new capabilities through improved applications modeling, improved instrumentation methods, and systems management methods, enhancing the analysis and prediction capabilities of application simulations, improving the efficiency of simulations and the effectiveness of measurement systems, including providing powerful methodology of management of heterogeneous sensor networks. The dynamic integration of the computational and measurement aspects in DDDAS environments entail a unified of the computational and instrumentation application platform. In this presentation we will discuss the ensuing DDDAS computational model in the context of examples of novel capabilities enabled through its implementation in many application areas. An overview of the state of the art will be presented. A discussion of how to connect U.S. and European or Asian DDDAS-like projects will be initiated for all present at the DDDAS workshop.
Endovascular flow diversion therapy for an actively hemorrhaging aneurysm after intraoperative rupture

We report a 56-year-old woman who had an unruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Given the size and location of the aneurysm, as well as her history of smoking and age, she received endovascular treatment with the pipeline embolization device (PED; ev3 Endovascular, Plymouth, MN, USA), complicated by intraoperative rupture (IOR). Flow diversion therapy with the PED has become an increasingly popular method of aneurysmal embolization and parent vessel remodeling. While its on-label approval is for large unruptured aneurysms of the internal carotid artery, success in off-label scenarios has been reported, including ruptured aneurysms. IOR complicates endovascular aneurysm treatment and can cause devastating morbidity or mortality, necessitating acute embolization of the hemorrhaging aneurysm. This patient illustrates the feasibility of treating an IOR with a stand-alone flow diversion device by using PED.
Evaluation of alternative marine structural integrity programs

Abstract Advanced Marine Structural Integrity Programs (MSIP) are intended to improve the durability of commercial-ship structures; to enable the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of a ship structure that will be free from unexpected durability problems. This paper demonstrates how evaluations can be made to define cost-effective MSIP for commercial crude-oil carriers. The evaluations include tradeoffs with such design issues as material selection, redundancy, reserve strenght, fatigue, and corrosion.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease in women: role of the obstetrician-gynecologist.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease poses a major threat to women's health. Obstetrician-gynecologists dominate the adult health care field in preventive services in the United States, and the scope of their preventive services should be broadened to encompass cardiovascular disease in women. Endogenous and exogenous risk factors jointly conyribute to a woman's cardiovascular risk profile; the risk of cardiovascular disease should be viewed as a multifactorial phenomenon with a continuous gradient of response. Three important risk factors—serum cholesterol, hypertension, and cigarette smoking—are amenable to change and should become a principal focus of women's health care. Although preventive medicine lacks the glamour and immediate rewards of obstetric and gynecologic interventions, the long-term benefits to the health of women are compelling.
The photo-oxidation of i-C3H7CHO vapour

Abstract The steady state photolysis of iso-butyraldehyde (i-C3H7CHO) was studied in the presence of O2 at 263 and 294 K at several incident wavelengths. The quantum yields of CO and C3H8 were measured. From them the primary quantum yield Φ(C3H8) of the molecular process to produce CO + C3H8 and the primary quantum yield Φ(rad) of the free-radical process to produce i-C3H7 + HCO were deduced. Likewise the flash photolysis of i-C3H7CHO was studied in the presence of air at 298 K. The transient absorption of RO2 radicals was monitored, and relative quantum yields were obtained with 284.0, 302.5, 311.7, 325.0 and 330.5 nm incident radiation. The quantum yields were not pressure quenched, except for very slightly at 330.5 nm. They followed the same trends with incident wavelength as seen in the steady state photolysis. The mechanism describing the primary process is where R represents i-C3H7, A represents the aldehyde, the superscripts 1 and 3 represent excited singlet and triplet states respectively, the subscripts n and 0 represent excited and ground vibrational levels respectively and M represents O2 and N2. k2a/k2 = 0.43 and k2a/k2 = 0.31 at 253.7 nm and 280.3 nm respectively and k2a/k2 = 0 at 302.2 nm and longer wavelengths. The quenching of 3An by O2 or N2 is quite inefficient, the half-pressure for quenching increasing with temperature and incident energy. Under all conditions studied it is 1200 Torr or greater. However, quenching of 3An by i-C3H7CHO is quite efficient with k5/k8a = 32.1 ± 10.0 Torr at 312.8 nm and 294 K. The quenching of An is insensitive to variations in temperature or incident energy. An approximate value for k3/k4 was estimated to be about 108 Torr. From the mechanism, radical quantum yields could be estimated at atmospheric pressure at several wavelengths. These lead to atmospheric photodissociation coefficients for radical formation at 298 K of 7.6 × 10−5 s−1 and 5.9 × 10−5 s−1 for solar zenith angles of 30° and 58° respectively.
Staying on message: ensuring fidelity in pre-mRNA splicing

The faithful expression of genes requires that cellular machinery select substrates with high specificity at each step in gene expression. High specificity is particularly important at the stage of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing, during which the spliceosome selects splice sites and excises intervening introns. With low specificity, the usage of alternative sites would yield insertions, deletions and frame shifts in mRNA. Recently, biochemical, genetic and genome-wide approaches have significantly advanced our understanding of splicing fidelity. In particular, we have learned that DExD/H-box ATPases play a general role in rejecting and discarding suboptimal substrates and that these factors serve as a paradigm for proofreading NTPases in other systems. Recent advances have also defined fundamental questions for future investigations.
Evidence for interacting catalytic sites of human platelet monoamine oxidase.

Summary Studies with human platelet monoamine oxidase show that the enzyme contains two interacting catalytic sites. One site has a high affinity for phenylethylamine and its activity is noncompetitively inhibited by either benzylamine or tryptamine. However, benzylamine and tryptamine act as fully competitive inhibitors for each other and thus appear to be deaminated as a separate site. The Km for each amine was in good agreement with the KI determined when it was used as an inhibitor.
K-shell auger and radiative transitions in the boron isoelectronic sequence

Abstract Auger energies and rates and x-ray wavelengths and intensities for transitions to K -shell vacancies in boron-like ions with 1 s 2 s 2 2 p 2 , 1 s 2 s 2 p 3 , and 1 s 2 p 4 configurations have been calculated relativisically in terms of the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock model. Seventeen ions with atomic numbers 6 ⩽ Z ⩽ 54 were considered. The Breit interaction and quantum-electrodynamic corrections were taken into account in the calculations. Transition rates were evaluated in intermediate coupling, including configuration interaction within the same complex. Line fluorescence yields were also computed.
Surfactant Composition and Function in Patients with ABCA3 Mutations

Mutations in the gene encoding the ATP binding cassette transporter member A3 (ABCA3) are associated with fatal surfactant deficiency. ABCA3 lines the limiting membrane of lamellar bodies within alveolar type-II cells, suggesting a role in surfactant metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the surfactant phospholipid composition and function in patients with mutations in the ABCA3 gene. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analyzed from three groups of infants: 1) Infants with ABCA3 mutations, 2) infants with inherited surfactant protein-B deficiency (SP-B), and 3) patients without parenchymal lung disease (CON). Surfactant phospholipid profile was determined using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, and surface tension was measured with a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Phosphatidylcholine comprised 41 +/- 19% of the total phospholipid in the BAL fluid of the ABCA3 group compared with 78 +/- 3% and 68 +/- 18%, p = 0.008 and 0.05, of the CON and SP-B groups, respectively. Surface tension was 31.5 +/- 9.3 mN/m and was significantly greater than CON but no different from SP-B. We conclude that mutations in ABCA3 are associated with surfactant that is deficient in phosphatidylcholine and has decreased function, suggesting that ABCA3 plays an important role in pulmonary surfactant phospholipid homeostasis.
Using Online Glossing Lessons for Accelerated Instruction in ASL for Preservice Deaf Education Majors

Teachers of deaf and hard of hearing students must serve as language models for their students. However, preservice deaf education teachers typically have at most only four semesters of American Sign Language (ASL) training. How can their limited ASL instructional time be used to increase their proficiency? Studies involving deaf and hard of hearing students have revealed that glosses (written equivalents of ASL sentences) can serve as "bridges" between ASL and English. The study investigated whether glossing instruction can facilitate hearing students' learning of ASL. A Web site was developed in which ASL glossing rules were explained and glossing exercises provided. Posttest scores showed the experimental group improving from 39% to 71% on ASL grammar knowledge. These findings indicate that online glossing lessons may provide the means to obtain ASL skills more readily, thus preparing deaf education teachers to serve as ASL language models.
When is a C ∞ function analytic?

Students often wonder why their teachers insist on proving that the remainder in a Taylor expansion approaches zero before they will accept that the series represents the function from which it was obtained. The students tend not to be enlightened by the usual practice of invoking the Lagrange form of the remainder, with its mysterious unspecified intermediate point. It is not only students who are confused: a quite distinguished mathematician (A. Pringsheim) once made a mistake about remainders. This article is the story of the legacy of that mistake, which remained unnoticed for forty years. The Taylor series of a C" function f can have two kinds of singular behavior: the series may diverge except at its center, or it may converge, in a neighborhood of its center, to a function that differs from f in arbitrarily small neighborhoods of the center. There are many examples of the first kind of singularity, although they are not easy to show to an elementary class. For the second kind, the standard example is the function F defined by F(x) = exp( 1/x 2) for x ~ > 0 for all x in an interval. Is such a function real-analytic (equal to its Taylor series), or might it have a singularity of the second kind? This question was apparently first asked by Pringsheim [6] in 1893. He presented a proof that such a function f is necessarily analytic; I quote it in somewhat modernized notation. Suppose that
Development of a fiber-optic chemical sensor for multicontaminant monitoring of environmental systems

Abstract There are many instances where information regarding chemical concentrations of inaccessible regions may be desired. For example, in situ and real-time monitoring of groundwater systems would improve knowledge of the fate and flow of contaminants. In response to this need, a fiber-optic chemical sensor has been developed that incorporates an immobilized fluorescent indicator. The indicator, PRODAN, is found to fluoresce at varying wavelengths for an array of anthropogenic organics. A polyacrylamide is utilized to bind the PRODAN chemically to the optical fiber to develop a long-term in-line chemical probe. The probe is applied using a high-powered light source for excitation in the ultraviolet range. Experimental results are given for pure organic solvents: acetone, cyclohexane, chloroform, toluene, and cyclohexane. the results of the optical-fiber tests are compared to a prior direct fluorescence study. In order to determine the intensity response curve for decreasing concentrations of organic chemicals, a parametric study has been performed. After full development and optimization, the remote identification and tracking of organics could greatly increase knowledge of the fate and flow of contaminants in many environmental systems.
Increased rate of response of the pituitary-adrenal system in rats adapted to chronic stress.

The response and adaptation of the pituitary-adrenal system to chronic stresses was investigated. These included individual caging, confinement, and exposure to cold for varying periods of time. Studies were carried out demonstrating that during the period of adaptation when plasma corticosterone concentrations returned toward their prestress level despite continued exposure to the stressor, the animals responded to additional stimuli of ether for 1 min, a saline injection, or release from confinement with a faster increase (within 2.5 min) in plasma corticosterone than controls (10 min). It is concluded that during adaptation to a chronic stress the pituitary-adrenal system is not inhibited by the circulating steroid level but is actually hypersensitive to additional stimuli.