cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
pH-dependent leaving group effects on hydrolysis reactions of phosphate and phophonate esters catalyzed by wheat germ acid phosphatase

Abstract The substrate specificity of carefully purified wheat germ acid phosphatase was examined and the Michaelis constants for substrates having widely varying leaving groups were determined at pH values 4.6, 8.0, and 9.2. The pH-dependent leaving group effects were consistent with the formation of a covalent phosphoryl histidine intermediate in the reaction process catalyzed by this enzyme. In addition, the enzyme was found to hydrolyze nitrophenyl esters of methyl-, chloromethyl-, and phenylphosphonic acids at rates comparable to those observed for phosphomonoester hydrolysis. The data are most simply interpreted on the basis of a nucleophilic displacement by an active-site histidine residue to form an intermediate N′-phosphonyl histidine species, followed by decomposition of this intermediate by nucleophilic attack by water, analogous to the decomposition process of the N′-phosphoryl enzyme species.
Fractionation of simian virus 40 DNA fragments by RPC-5 column chromatography.

Abstract RPC-5 column chromatography was used to isolate simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA fragments. The DNA fragments prepared by this method, unlike those extracted from polyacrylamide or agarose gels, do not contain unknown contaminants which inhibit various enzymes. This system has also the advantage of high resolution and a good yield of short DNA fragments.
How Do Interactions in Cis with Ordered Domains Influence Sequence-Ensemble Relationships of Intrinsically Disordered Regions?

The conformational properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are governed by their amino acid sequences. An overwhelming majority of disordered regions are often found in cis with ordered domains as terminal tails or inter-domain linkers. The motivating question is if the rules governing sequence-ensemble relationships that have been inferred for IDPs as autonomous units apply for describing the conformational properties of disordered regions in cis to ordered domains. Using atomistic simulations and fluorescence studies we characterize the conformational properties of several archetypes of intrinsically disordered sequences in the presence and absence of cis-acting ordered domains. In particular, we quantify the effects of sequence composition, chain length, and sequence patterning of disordered sequences on the inter-domain coupling. The balance between intra-domain and inter-domain interactions can modulate intrinsic conformational propensities of the disordered regions. The circumstances giving rise to convergence toward generic random-coil behavior for disordered regions in cis to ordered domains will be highlighted.
Intraluminal thrombus and neointimal hyperplasia after microvascular surgery.

Abstract Despite advances in instrumentation, suture materials, and techniques, thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia due to myointimal cell proliferation are still problems in microvascular anastomosis. Platelet factors stimulate smoothmuscle cell proliferation and migration, but little is known about platelet-vessel wall interaction in microvascular surgery. This study evaluates the effect of the disposition of platelet or luminal thrombus, or both, in intimal evolution in autologous venous micrografts interposed in the common carotid artery of 30 rats. Three hours postoperatively, venous graft and suture line endothelium was completely denuded, and the host artery exhibited focal de-endothelialization. Thrombus deposition was observed on suture line and venous graft luminal surfaces, whereas host artery-denuded areas exhibited platelet adhesion. Two weeks postoperatively, intimal thickenings developed in venous graft and suture line, becoming narrower toward the venous graft. The distribution and size of intimal thickening did not change significantly at later observation periods (3–8 months). Intimal thrombus deposition and intimal hyperplasia, appearing in later stages of evolution, show a similar pattern of distribution.
Complete bilateral arcuate foramina and atlantoaxial subluxation

Letter to the Editor A cadaveric specimen undergoing a posterior cervical dissection was noted to have complete bilateral ossification of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane over the vertebral artery groove and a type-1 atlantoaxial subluxation—atlas rotation on the odontoid process with no anterior displacement (Fig. 1). This ossification anomaly, known as Kimmerle’s variant, ponticulus posticus, arcuale foramen, and/or arcuate foramen, is found with partial and complete ossification in 6– 18 % and 4–8 % (3.3–6.7 % unilateral, 0.7–1.3 % bilateral) of the population, respectively, with a debated higher reported prevalence in females [2, 4, 7, 9]. This anomaly often remains asymptomatic; however, compression of the neurovascular structureswithintheforaminacaninducepressurephenomena of the periarterial sympathetic plexus, especially when rotating the head, and induce vertebro-basilar insufficiency and/or clinical symptoms resembling Barre–Lieou syndrome, presenting with shoulder-arm and neck pain, cervical migraine, hearing loss, vertigo, and/or loss of consciousness [2, 5, 7]. Theaverageageatclinicalpresentationhasbeendebatedin the literature, and has been reported to be greatest between 11 and 20 years and 21–30 years, while another study indicated that presentation is most common during the third and fourth decades of life [5, 8]. Though it is possible that ossification progresses over time, arcuate foramina have been reported in children as young as 2 years of age with one study reporting four cases of partial and three cases of complete arcuate foramina in children younger than 10 years of age [1, 6]. Awarenessofthisdysmorphicfeatureisbothmedicallyand surgically relevant, as intraoperative injury to the vertebral artery can result in disastrous neurological complications and deficits. Knowledge of any variations in the course of the vertebral artery or in the morphology of the posterior vertebral arch is of critical importance when performing instrumentation involving C1 or surgery of craniocervical junction [7]. Preoperative CTangiography has been recommended in order to preclude to the possibility of misidentifying an arcuate foramen as a broad lamina or widened posterior arch, and risking injury to the vertebral artery [3, 12]. Several studies, with positive findings, have examined surgical excision of the arcuateforamenwithdecompressionofthevertebralarteryfor
Factors affecting coal solubilization by the bacterium Streptomyces setonii 75Vi2 and by alkaline buffers

Streptomyces setonii 75Vi2 produces an extracellular coal-solubilizing component(s) in the absence of coal. The heat stability, relatively low molecular weight, and insensitivity to proteases of the substance(s) responsible for coal solubilization indicate that the process is nonenzymatic. This report describes factors affecting the production and activity of this substance(s) and the similarity in its action to alkaline buffer solutions in solubilizing coal.
Bioavailability to Earthworms of Aged DDT, DDE, DDD, and Dieldrin in Soil

A study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of several pesticides that have persisted for various periods in soils in the field and the laboratory. Based on the concentrations or the percentages of the compound in soil samples that were found in the earthworm Eisenia foetida, ca. 30, 12, 34, and 20% of DDT, DDE, DDD, and a total of the three compounds were bioavailable in a soil treated in the field with DDT 49 years earlier. Only 28 or 43% of dieldrin aged for 49 years was bioavailable based on concentrations in E. foetida or percentages of the compound assimilated by the worms, respectively. Comparably low percentages of DDT, DDE, and DDD but not dieldrin were assimilated by the worms from samples of soil from a waste-disposal site receiving the insecticide ca. 30 years earlier. Aging for 190 days in Kendaia loam in the laboratory markedly reduced the availability to E. foetida of DDT and DDE but not DDD. The amounts of aged or unaged DDT, DDE, and DDD but not dieldrin that were removed from ...
On the effect of interactions of inhomogeneities on the overall elastic and conductive properties

Abstract A simple method of estimating the effect of inhomogeneity interactions on the overall properties (elastic and conductive) is developed. It is formulated in terms of property contribution tensors that give the contribution of an inhomogeneity to the overall properties. The method can be viewed as further development of the approach of Rodin and Hwang (1991) and Rodin (1993) that generalized the method of analysis of crack interactions (Kachanov, 1987) to inhomogeneities. We also extend the method to the conductive properties. Considering the effect of interactions on the property contribution tensors on the example of pores we find that this effect is generally moderate, at most (even when pores touch one another) – in contrast with the effect on local fields. On example of two spheres, we compare the interaction effects on the elastic and the conductive properties, and discuss the impact of interactions on the cross-property connections.
The Rise of the Postmodern Metropolis: Spatial Evolution of the Sacramento Metropolitan Region

This paper examines Sacramento, CA, as a case study of urban form in the evolving postmodern metropolis. Data were integrated from historical maps, aerial photographs and on-the-ground observation into a GIS database for the region, and historic and current built form were analyzed. Main findings include (1) the rapid spatial expansion and proliferation of built landscape forms within the postmodern region; (2) the rise of rural sprawl as a landscape type; (3) the peak in ex-urban land subdivision in the 1970s and 1980s; (4) the changing public sector role in driving urban expansion; and (5) the limited achievements thus far of growth management efforts and the New Urbanism.
Can Remittances Spur Development? A Critical Survey

The increasing volume of global remittances has impressed policymakers and social scientists alike. Besides outpacing official development assistance and private capital flows, remittances have proven markedly stable and counter-cyclical. They represent an essential nondebt creating, safety-net vehicle administered by extended families and local communities rather than provincial and national governments. This essay surveys the recent pattern of remittances and critically examines the theoretical and empirical literature on their determinants and welfare impact. The argument is made that the developmental contribution of remittances can be significantly enhanced through complementary macroeconomic policies in labor exporting countries and financial innovations in remittance transmission. Enhanced policy coordination on temporary transnational worker migration—as facilitated by Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services—can prove instrumental in helping remittances offset the traditional brain drain besetting developing economies.
Evolution of the Whipple procedure at the Massachusetts General Hospital

Background Since Allen O. Whipple published his seminal paper in 1935, the procedure that bears his name has been performed widely throughout the world and is now a common operation in major medical centers. The goal of this study was to investigate the evolution of pancreatoduodenectomy at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Methods We sought to identify all pancreatoduodenectomies performed at the MGH since 1935. Cases were obtained from a computerized database, hospital medical records, and the MGH historical archive. Demographics, diagnosis, intraoperative variables and short-term surgical outcomes were recorded. Results The first pancreatoduodenectomy at the MGH was carried out in 1941; since then, 2,050 Whipple procedures have been performed. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was the most frequent indication (36%). Pylorus preservation has been the most important variation in technique, accounting for 45% of Whipple procedures in the 1980s; observation of frequent delayed gastric emptying after this procedure led to decline in its use. Pancreatic fistula was the most frequent complication (13%). Operative blood replacement and reoperation rates have decreased markedly over time; the most frequent indication for reoperation was intra-abdominal bleeding. Mortality has decreased from 45% to 0.8%, with sepsis and hypovolemic shock being the most frequent causes of death. Mean duration of hospital stay has decreased from >30 to 9.5 days, along with an increasing readmission rate (currently 19%). Conclusion The Whipple procedure in the 21st century is a well-established operation. Improvements in operative technique and perioperative care have contributed in making it a safe operation that continues evolving.
Characterization of photovoltaic array performance - An overview

Techniques are described for standardized performance monitoring of photovoltaic arrays. Performance is measured in terms of the array electrical output for a given set of environmental or standard reporting conditions or the total output per given time interval. The environmental conditions can be a standard 25 C or the normal operating temperature in the presence of 80 mW/sq cm irradiance, 20 C air temperature and 1 m/sec wind velocity. Methods are presented for converting the measurements over time into I-V characteristics representations for entire arrays. The techniques are accurate to within 5 percent, provided in situ data are collected and the distribution of the measured parameters is known.
Response compaction with any number of unknowns using a new LFSR architecture

This paper presents a new test response compaction technique with any number of unknown logic values (X's) in the test response bits. The technique leverages an X-tolerant response compactor (X-compact), and forces X's that are not tolerated by X-Compact to known values. The data required to designate the X's not tolerated by the X-compactor, also called mask data, is stored in a compressed format on the tester and decompressed on-chip. We applied this technique to four industrial designs and obtained 26-fold to 60-fold reduction in test response data volume with no or minimal impact on test quality.
Spherical artifacts on ferrograms

In the past, hollow spheres detected on ferrograms have been interpreted as being due to fretting, abrasion, cavitation erosion, and fatigue-related processes. Here it is reported that such spheres were found to result from the fact that a routine grinding operation on a steel plate was carried out about 20 feet away from the ferrograph. A similar grinding operation was performed on a piece of low carbon steel a few feet from the ferrograph, and after a few minutes of grinding, the resulting ferrogram contained thousands of particles of which more than 90% were spherical. Because of the widespread occurrence of ordinary grinding operations, it seems prudent that those utilizing the ferrograph be cognizant of this type of artifact.
Surgical management of sleep-disordered breathing in children

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is a multifactorial condition, with anatomical and neuromuscular components, significantly affecting the child׳s quality of life and long-term health outcomes. Workup may include polysomnography, endoscopy, and imaging to identify primary sites of obstruction. Adenotonsillectomy remains one of the first-line surgical options, with multiple modalities described. Palate and pharyngeal surgeries include lateral pharyngoplasty, modified expansion pharyngoplasty, and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Lingual tonsillectomy, midline posterior glossectomy, and tongue base suspension have been used to relieve the tongue base component of obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngomalacia, whether congenital or occult in the older pediatric patient, may cause obstruction and necessitate supraglottoplasty with or without epiglottopexy. Patients with syndromes, those with craniofacial abnormalities, and those with concomitant neurologic conditions often require multiple and more complex surgical interventions. Tracheostomy definitively relieves upper airway obstruction.
The Quantification of Qualitative Data in Discriminant Analysis

Abstract This paper discusses the extension of discriminatory analysis to the case where the primary data are qualitative. The general principle in the use of the discriminant function in the case of two classes is to determine a set of adjustable coefficients so chosen as to maximize the ratio of the difference between sample means to the standard deviation within the two classes. When only a single chosen component is to be maximized relative to a set of other components, the equations are linear. In the case discussed here we have a two-way table of non-numerical observational data where the solution of equations of higher degree is required. Appropriate values are to be determined in order that the observations may be made as additive as possible. Application is made to the problem of scoring letter grades in school subjects so as to maximize individual differences.
Performance limits of indirectly cryogenically cooled silicon monochromators – experimental results at the APS

The results of high-heat-load tests of indirectly cryogenically cooled silicon monochromators are presented. The measurements show that, provided that the total power absorbed by the crystal is less than ∼150 W, indirect cryogenically cooled silicon monochromators will perform well, with thermal-induced slope errors of less than 2 arcsec. At the Advanced Photon Source, this corresponds to the undulator closed-gap (11 mm) condition at 100 mA with white-beam slit sizes slightly larger than the full width at half-maximum of the radiation central cones. The dependence of the slope errors on the thermomechanical properties of silicon are discussed and clearly demonstrated.
POLLEN ANALYSIS OF DEATH VALLEY SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED BETWEEN 166 AND 114 KA

Salt Core DV93-1, from Badwater Basin in California’s Death Valley, is a nearly complete sedimentary record of mud and evaporite deposits spanning the past 192 ka. Fossil palynomorph assemblages from core depths of 151.8 m (ca. 166 ka) to 103.5 m (ca. 114 ka) have been analyzed as part of a larger study which will eventually include all of core DV93-1. The palynological analysis discussed here reveals four pollen zones between 151.8 m and 103.5 m. Zone 1, the “Cheno–Am” zone (151.8 m to 143.5 m depth, 166–154 ka), has high percentages of Chenopodiaceae/ Amaranthus (Cheno–Am) pollen, and is correlative with the end of marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 7. Zone 2, the juniper zone (143.5 m to 117.3 m, 154–124 ka), correlates with OIS 6, as evidenced by high percentages of juniper (Cupressaceae) pollen and low percentages of Ambrosia pollen. Equivalent pollen assemblages are found at higher elevations in Death Valley today, where temperatures are 11° C cooler and rainfall is eight times greater. At the top of Zone 2 (124 ka), a simultaneous drop in juniper and increase in oak (Quercus) pollen occurs, followed by a replacement of Artemisia with Ambrosia in Zone 3, the oak zone. This event corresponds to warming associated with Termination II. The estimated age of this warming event is in agreement with the Termination II event visible in the pollen record from nearby Owens Lake (Litwin et al., 1997). Zone 4, the Asteraceae zone (108.8 m to 103.5 m, 119–115 ka), contains higher percentages of Asteraceae and Cheno–Am pollen, indicating further warming during this time.
From ice age to modern: a record of landscape change in an Andean cloud forest

Aim To investigate the palaeoecological changes associated with the last ice age, subsequent deglaciation and human occupation of the central Andes. Location Lake Pacucha, Peruvian Andes (13� 36¢26¢¢ S, 73� 19¢42¢¢ W; 3095 m elevation). Methods Vegetation assemblages were reconstructed for the last 24 cal. kyr bp (thousand calibrated 14 C years before present), based on pollen analysis of sediments from Lake Pacucha. An age model was established using 14 C accelerator mass spectrometry dates on bulk sediment. Fossil pollen and sedimentological analyses followed standard methodologies. Results Puna brava replaced the Andean forest at the elevation of Lake Pacucha at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Deglaciation proceeded rapidly after 16 cal. kyr bp, and near-modern vegetation was established by c. 14 cal. kyr bp. The deglacial was marked by the range expansion of forest taxa as grassland taxa receded in importance. The mid-Holocene was marked by a lowered lake level but relatively unchanged vegetation. Quinoa and maize pollen were found in the latter half of the Holocene. Main conclusions Temperatures were about 7‐8 � C colder than present at this site during the LGM. The pattern of vegetation change was suggestive of microrefugial expansion rather than simple upslope migration. The midHolocene droughts were interrupted by rainfall events sufficiently frequent to allow vegetation to survive largely unchanged, despite lowering of the lake level. Human activity at the lake included a 5500-year history of quinoa cultivation and 3000 years of maize cultivation.
Offender Perceptions of Graduated Sanctions

Finding credible alternatives to revocation for offenders who violate the conditions of their community supervision has emerged as a salient issue in the corrections field. A number of jurisdictions have turned to graduated sanctions as an alternative to revocation. This study addresses one of the major gaps in the research on graduated sanctions by examining perceptions of graduated sanction severity through the administration of surveys to offenders under active supervision. Survey results revealed several important findings. First, offenders do not view jail as being substantially more punitive than community-based sanctions such as community service or electronic monitoring. Second, offenders viewed treatment-oriented sanctions as being more punitive than other graduated sanctions. Third, offender perceptions of graduated sanctions were influenced by a variety of individual characteristics such as gender, age, and education level.
Doppler evaluation of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and complex malformations.

ABSTRACT. The Doppler approaches, accuracy, pitfalls and quantitation of atrial and ventricular shunts are reviewed. For both levels of shunting, Doppler demonstration of flow through the septum confirms the diagnosis and directional flow information may provide physiologic information. Shunt sizes may be measured directly by Doppler, and should be reflected by chamber dimensions and volumes. The flow disturbances present in complex malformations such as Ebstein's malformation, transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect, atrial shunting before and after balloon atrial septostomy, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, closely related high velocity flows and coarctation are described. A sequential approach to each anomaly allows one to evaluate each, even if multiple defects are combined in a given patient.
PEDIATRIC RENAL INJURIES: MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FROM A 25-YEAR EXPERIENCE

ABSTRACTPurpose: We defined the mechanism and cause of pediatric renal trauma, and developed guidelines for management based on the outcome analysis of operative vs nonoperative management.Material...
Elastic material model mismatch effects in deformable motion estimation

Deformable motion models are useful for analysis of dynamic datasets exhibiting non-rigid motion, as in gated cardiac PET. The authors employ an algorithm that obtains a vector field to describe the relative motion of each voxel between two data sets. The estimation is based on a two-component cost function: an image matching component, and a motion field smoothness component. An important aspect of obtaining an accurate motion field estimate is properly balancing the weight between the two cost components. The authors show that by using a material elastic model inspired by continuum mechanics, an intuitive interpretation of the weighting factors for the smoothness constraint may be obtained. Further, they show that mismatches between actual material elastic parameters and those used by the estimation algorithm can lead to greater estimation error. Results are validated using an ellipsoidal phantom simulating compressible and incompressible deformations.
Nonlinear dynamics, phase coherence, and mode locking in quantum cascade lasers

We overview our recent theoretical and experimental studies of nonlinear interaction of laser modes in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) which results in phase coherence, frequency locking, and in some cases complete synchronization of laser modes.
Web service based architecture for US national crop progress monitoring system

Crop development progress information is critical to decision makings in National Agriculture Statistics Services (NASS) of United State Department of Agriculture (USDA), other federal agencies, and public users. NASS currently compiles and issues the weekly national crop progress report based on crop conditions reported by state and county agricultural officials. The report is point-wise sampled, subjectively estimated by field enumerators and lacks spatially distribution information. The applications of remote sensing technologies have been limited to a low-resolution static image posted on the web weekly during the growing season, without enough quantitative information for NASS customers to fully support their decision makings. This study designs a service-oriented architecture by leveraging open geospatial standards and specifications, especially those on Sensor Web technology. The new monitoring system aims at overcoming the shortcomings of existing crop progress systems/procedures by utilizing NASA satellite-based vegetation index, leaf area index, land surface temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture, and model-based longterm weather forecast and by integrating these products with USDA's crop area and other data. Advanced workflow for composing Web services was used in automatically producing and disseminating an objective and quantitative national crop progress map and associated decision support data at high-spatial resolution, as well as summary reports. Standard-compliance enables the reusability and multiple-purpose of functionalities provided by individual geospatial Web services and their composed workflows.
Dissociation of “Conscious Desire” (Craving) from and Relapse in Alcohol and Cocaine Dependence

Treatment of withdrawal and postabstinence craving has yielded mixed results in eliminating drug and alcohol use, improving outcomes, and reducing relapse in those patients addicted to alcohol and drugs. To assess the role of "conscious desire" (or craving) for drugs/alcohol during abstinence and withdrawal in continued addictive drug and alcohol use, we analyzed data from 1626 patients voluntarily admitted to a primary rehabilitation center in Minnesota. Eighty-one percent and 71% of all patients completed surveys at 6 and 12 months following discharge. Forty-two percent were diagnosed as alcohol dependent (AD) alone, 28% as alcohol and drug dependent (ADD) other than cocaine, and 25% as cocaine dependent (CD). At 6 months following discharge, the CD group had the lowest abstinence rate for drugs, at 83%, compared to the AD group, at 99%, and for alcohol, at 76%, compared to the AD group, at 75%. The AD group had the best outcomes and the least slippage from 6 to 12 months for drugs and alcohol. In all groups craving was not a major self-reported cause of relapse. For the CD subgroup, impulsive action with no known cause was the most common reason for relapse, while the AD group cited depression. These data agree with other reports in the literature suggesting that relapse is not commonly related to conscious craving. Our experience suggests that craving is rarely the first reason given for relapse. Drug seeking and use are such highly ritualized, automatic behaviors that the addict may appear not to require the intervention of conscious thoughts or distinct craving states to use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acetylcholine causes endothelium-dependent contraction of mouse arteries

The goal of this study was to determine whether acetylcholine evokes endothelium-dependent contraction in mouse arteries and to define the mechanisms involved in regulating this response. Arterial ...
Atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air using a water electrode

An atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air is generated between the surface of a water electrode and a metal electrode with a high alternating current (60 Hz) voltage (<20 kV). The gap distance between the two electrodes can be adjusted from 3 mm to a few centimeters. The diameter of the plasma column is in the 3-10 mm range. Photographs taken with a high-speed charge coupled device camera clearly show a cathode fall region, negative glow, positive column, and anode dark space; a structure consistent with that of a normal glow discharge. The initial breakdown process shows that the plasma ignites at the water surface and terminates at the metal electrode. The N/sub 2/ rotational and vibrational temperatures were spectroscopically measured to be about 1800 and 2600 K, respectively.
Two New Species and a Reassessment of Synonymy in the Navarretia pubescens Complex (Polemoniaceae) of Western North America

Two new species in the Navarretia pubescens (Bentham) Hooker & Arnott complex of section Mitracarpium Brand are described: N. gowenii L. A. Johnson and N. ojaiensis Elvin, J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson. Navarretia gowenii is known from disjunct locations in Contra Costa and Stanislaus counties of California. Navarretia ojaiensis is known from Ventura County, California. Additionally, examination of type specimens suggests N. mitracarpa Greene, presently placed in synonymy under N. pubescens, be recognized as a species distinct from the latter taxon, whereas N. jaredii Eastwood be recognized as a synonym of N. mitracarpa.
A phase I study of GTI-2040 (G), an antisense to ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), in combination with high-dose AraC (HiDAC) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

6561 Background: RNR converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis. AraC is converted into AraC triphosphate (AraCTP) and competes with deoxycytidine for DNA incorporation. We ...
A Tax Primer for CPAs Volunteering at Nonprofit Organizations

Because of their expertise and standing in the community, CPAs are often asked to serve as board members or officers of local churches, charities and other small- to medium-sized nonprofit organizations. Many CPAs tapped for non-profit service have strong tax and business experience, yet may be unfamiliar with the tax rules governing nonprofit organizations. Understanding these tax rules is critical because the Federal government uses the Code to regulate nonprofit behavior. The nonprofit provisions of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, coupled with an already complex array of nonprofit rules, make it all the more important for CPAs to understand the Code's rules as they assume key roles in local nonprofit organizations. This Article highlights some of the important tax issues that a CPA officer/director of a local nonprofit may encounter, suggests questions he or she may want to research and provides examples of potentially problematic situations. Specifically, this Article provides an overview of the requirements to obtain and maintain federal tax exempt status, inurement, intermediate sanctions, private benefit, lobbying and political campaign restrictions, tax reporting requirements for nonprofits, and the unrelated business income tax.
Classification according to S U6

The classification scheme discussed in section 28 is based on the 8 dimensional representation of SU3. It is a puzzle why particles have not been seen which correspond to the two inequivalent 3 dimensional representations (called fundamental representations) of SU3.
Profound jaundice in a patient with acute hepatitis C

A 52-year-old African-American woman with overall good health and medical history of asthma and depression presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, vomiting and icterus for 3 weeks. Her physical examination was remarkable for only sclera icterus and mild tenderness on palpation in the right lower quadrant. Investigations revealed marked hyperbilirubinemia and transaminitis, with other serological and radiological studies unremarkable and a hepatitis A, B and C panel negative 3 weeks before presentation. Repeat hepatitis panel showing hepatitis C antibody positive with viral load 20 739 524 IU/mL. Liver biopsy supported the diagnosis of acute hepatitis C infection.
Development of a New Embedded Sample Platform for Protection and Control Equipment

A new integrative fast sampling platform for embedded protection and control equipment is proposed based on an analysis of the limitations of the conventional multi-CPU architecture platform to resolve real-time sampling problems by super-interrupt technology.The hardware and software as well as architecture are discussed,and the key technology of the integrated platform is dealt with at length.The scheme provided has been verified with good results in many engineering projects.
Peripheral vascular response to potassium administration during cardiopulmonary bypass

Potassium (K+) is often administered to patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The effects of rapid K+ administration during CPB were studied in 30 adult patients. Each patient received one bolus dose (2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 mEq) of potassium chloride (KCl) (2 mEq/ml) during CPB. Serum K+ was significantly increased from baseline values at KCl doses of 8 mEq and larger (p less than 0.05). All increases in serum K+ returned to clinically acceptable levels within 5 minutes after the bolus. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (torr) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) (dynes sec cm-5) changes were biphasic; after an initial transient decrease, maximal with the 16 mEq K+ bolus (MAP -21 +/- 6, TPR - 315 +/- 135), these parameters increased (8 mEq K+ bolus, MAP + 15 +/- 16, TPR + 301 +/- 90; 12 mEq K+ bolus, MAP + 43 +/- 9, TPR + 998 +/- 250; 16 mEq bolus, MAP + 51 +/- 9, TPR + 1,216 +/- 120) with a peak at 3 minutes after the bolus. Hypertension, in nine of 18 patients receiving a KCl bolus of 8 mEq or larger, was of such magnitude (range 132 to 196 torr) as to require rapid therapeutic intervention to lower blood pressure. When KCl supplementation is required on CPB and slow infusion rates seem unreasonable, bolus doses of less than 8 mEq may be administered without vascular effect.
Retroviral Transduction of T Cells and T Cell Precursors

Transduction of lymphoid progenitors with retroviral or lentiviral vectors is a powerful experimental strategy to tease out the role of a gene or pathway in T cell development via gain-of-function or loss-of-function strategies. Here we discuss different approaches to use this powerful technology, and present some protocols that we use to transduce murine HSCs, thymocytes, and lymphoid cell lines with these viral vectors.
MANNITOL AND EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION.

SUMMARY An investigation of the effects of mannitol has been carried out to evaluate its routine use in open-heart surgery. An in vitro study suggested that increased osmolarity produced by the drug reduced mechanical hemolysis. This was not confirmed in a controlled clinical study when mannitol was used in the pump prime. In this clinical study, early postoperative urine outputs were increased but other parameters remained unchanged. It appears that the routine clinical use of mannitol in extracorporeal circulation is not indicated.
Epilogue: The future of journalistic fiction and the legacy of the journalist-literary figures: Henry James to Tom Wolfe

No art that is not understood by the people can live or ever did live a single generation. – Frank Norris Our American professors like their literature clear and cold and pure and very dead. – Sinclair Lewis It is so hard to be clear. Only a fool is willfully obscure. – John Steinbeck The press … is the watchdog of civilization, and the watchdog happens to be … in a chronic state of rabies. – Henry James In both his time and ours, the stylistically complex novelist Henry James has served as the literary intellectual's bulwark against the crudities and the lowbrow nature of popular culture and the popular press that James came to loathe. James' views about the press were reflected in his recondite literary philosophy and his opaque writing strategies. But they also grew out of personal experience. In 1875, the youthful James had arranged to be a correspondent on manners, people, and the arts for the New York Tribune during his travels to Europe. But his editor, Whitelaw Reid, didn't like the lengthy and discursive style of James' “letters” and wrote to him that they should be more “newsy” and written less on “topics too remote from popular interests to please more than a select few of our readers.” An offended James ended the relationship, writing back: “I am afraid I can't assent to your proposal … I know the sort of letter you mean – it is doubtless the proper sort of thing for the Tribune to have … I am too finical a writer and I should be constantly becoming more ‘literary’ than is desirable.”
The Role of Local Government Borrowing in Tanzania’s System of Local Government Finance

In most developed economies, local government borrowing forms an integral part of the system of local government finances. Although public sector borrowing for recurrent spending is generally considered a bad practice, public finance experts generally agree that it is appropriate for responsible and accountable local government authorities to borrow for the purpose of financing capital investments. Borrowing enables local government authorities to fund capital developments (such as roads or school buildings) that produce benefits over a longer period of time and spread out the financial burden for this investment over a number of years, thus providing a stronger link between the costs and benefits of the capital investment over time.
Cinematic Terrorism: Deleuze, ISIS and Delirium

This paper will use the concept of time-image discussed by Gille Deleuze in Cinema 1 and Cinema 2 as a heuristic tool for thinking about the Internet films of the Islamic State (ISIS). By considering that ISIS films primarily operate on two different axes: a time-image that presents a recollection of a mythic past, and a movement-image that reverses roles of power and sovereignty with a Western antagonist through mimesis, I discover that although we are unable to consider the ISIS films strictly as documentary, they are nonetheless not representational either. Within this context, I will argue that ISIS films may be experienced as actualizations of a global schizophrenic delirium. The ISIS films demonstrate what Deleuze describes as the “powers of the false.” They show a reality that is unbearable to witness. In the same way that the Marquis de Sade exhibited in life and fiction a physical violence and perversion that were symptomatic of the chaotic and brutal realities of the French Revolution, ISIS itse...
Comparative analysis of the mechanical signals in lung development and compensatory growth

This review compares the manner in which physical stress imposed on the parenchyma, vasculature and thorax and the thoraco-pulmonary interactions, drive both developmental and compensatory lung growth. Re-initiation of anatomical lung growth in the mature lung is possible when the loss of functioning lung units renders the existing physiologic-structural reserves insufficient for maintaining adequate function and physical stress on the remaining units exceeds a critical threshold. The appropriate spatial and temporal mechanical interrelationships and the availability of intra-thoracic space, are crucial to growth initiation, follow-on remodeling and physiological outcome. While the endogenous potential for compensatory lung growth is retained and may be pharmacologically augmented, supra-optimal mechanical stimulation, unbalanced structural growth, or inadequate remodeling may limit functional gain. Finding ways to optimize the signal-response relationships and resolve structure-function discrepancies are major challenges that must be overcome before the innate compensatory ability could be fully realized. Partial pneumonectomy reproducibly removes a known fraction of functioning lung units and remains the most robust model for examining the adaptive mechanisms, structure-function consequences and plasticity of the remaining functioning lung units capable of regeneration. Fundamental mechanical stimulus-response relationships established in the pneumonectomy model directly inform the exploration of effective approaches to maximize compensatory growth and function in chronic destructive lung diseases, transplantation and bioengineered lungs.
Neurological complications after tuberculous meningitis in a multi-state cohort in the United States.

Abstract Background and purpose To assess the rate of neurological complications and mortality after tuberculous meningitis in the United States. Methods The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients 18 years or older hospitalized for tuberculous meningitis in California between 2005 and 2010, New York between 2006 and 2012, and Florida between 2005 and 2012. Outcomes of interest were mortality and the following neurological complications: stroke, seizure, hydrocephalus requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, vision impairment, and hearing impairment. Kaplan–Meier survival statistics were used to assess the cumulative rate of neurological complications and death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare rates of complications in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after adjustment for comorbidities. Results 806 patients with tuberculous meningitis were identified, among whom the cumulative rate of any complication or death was 55.4% (95% CI, 51.5–59.3%). More than two-thirds of complications occurred during the initial hospitalization for tuberculous meningitis. Individual neurological complications were not uncommon: the cumulative rate of stroke was 16.8% (95% CI, 14.0–20.0%), the rate of seizure was 18.8% (95% CI, 15.4–22.8%), and the rate of ventriculoperitoneal shunting was 8.4% (95% CI, 6.4–10.9%). Vision impairment occurred in 21.6% (95% CI, 18.5–25.1%) of patients and hearing impairment occurred in 6.8% (95% CI, 4.9–9.4%). The mortality rate was 21.5% (95% CI, 18.4–24.9%). Patients with HIV infection were not at increased risk of complications compared to patients without HIV (hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.9–1.6). Conclusions Tuberculous meningitis is associated with significant risk of neurological complications and death in the United States.
Option Contract in Islamic Finance

The first part of the paper provides a background on Shari’ah, and Islamic Finance. Next, the paper introduces option contract, and briefly discusses its benefits. Third part of the paper introduces the pro-options and anti-options views among Muslim jurists. Lastly, the paper describes the common form of Shari’ah-compliant options available in the market. A brief discussion of the options in Islamic Finance, presented in this paper, shows that Islamic Finance industry and some Muslim jurists have appreciated the need for Shari’ah-compliant alternative to conventional options.
Comparison of Finite Difference Techniques for Simulating Pressure Swing Adsorption

Three different finite-difference routines were compared for solving the nonlinear, coupled, partial differential and algebraic equations that describe pressure swing adsorption processes. A successive substitution method (SS), a block LU decomposition procedure (BLUD), and the method of lines approach with adaptive time stepping (DASSL) were used to simulate and compare the computation times required to reach the periodic state for two different PSA systems: PSA-air drying and PSA-solvent vapor recovery. For both systems, the results showed that DASSL was nearly twice as fast as BLUD, whereas SS was nearly an order of magnitude slower than BLUD. DASSL and BLUD were also very robust and accurate, as nearly identical bed profiles were obtained from both methods under both transient and periodic state conditions.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization has little consequence for plant heavy metal uptake in contaminated field soils.

The factors affecting plant uptake of heavy metals from metalliferous soils are deeply important to the remediation of polluted areas. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), soil-dwelling fungi that engage in an intimate exchange of nutrients with plant roots, are thought to be involved in plant metal uptake as well. Here, we used a novel field-based approach to investigate the effects of AMF on plant metal uptake from soils in Palmerton, PA, USA contaminated with heavy metals from a nearby zinc smelter. Previous studies often focus on one or two plant species or metals, tend to use highly artificial growing conditions and metal applications, and rarely consider metals’ effects on plants and AMF together. In contrast, we examined both direct and AMF-mediated effects of soil concentrations on plant concentrations of 8-13 metals in five wild plant species sampled across a field site with continuous variation in Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu contamination. Plant and soil metal concentration profiles were closely matched despite high variability in soil metal concentrations even at small spatial scales. However, we observed few effects of soil metals on AMF colonization, and no effects of AMF colonization on plant metal uptake. Manipulating soil chemistry or plant community composition directly may control landscape-level plant metal uptake more effectively than altering AMF communities. Plant species identities may serve as highly local indicators of soil chemical characteristics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Baseline and On-Treatment Characteristics of Serum Tumor Markers in Stage IV Oncogene-Addicted Adenocarcinoma of the Lung

Abstract Introduction The role of serum tumor markers in the modern management of advanced NSCLC remains poorly described. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of available carcinoembryonic antigen, CA125, CA19.9, and CA27.29 levels at baseline and during treatment of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma by oncogenic driver was conducted. Results A total of 142 patients were analyzed (60 with anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene [ ALK ] rearrangement, 50 with EGFR mutation, four with ROS1 rearrangement, and 29 with KRAS mutation). Of these, 82% had at least one marker (95% if all four markers were measured), with CA27.29 being the most commonly increased and CA19.9 the rarest. Only CA27.29 differed significantly by oncogene (it was less common in KRAS ) ( p = 0.016). The median times to nadir during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in EGFR and ALK cases were 16.4 and 20 weeks, respectively. Of the 41 patients with EGFR mutation or ALK or ROS1 rearrangement, 24 (59%) demonstrated an initial increase within the first 4 weeks of TKI therapy, 58% of whom then had their levels fall below baseline. An increase in marker level of 10% or more from nadir occurred in 53% of systemic and 22% of central nervous system–only progression. Conclusions Serum tumor markers are frequently increased in lung adenocarcinoma regardless of driver oncogene. Changes within the first 4 weeks of therapy may be misleading. Progression is associated with marker increases, especially in sites other than the central nervous system.