cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risks, Costs, and Alternatives to Platelet Transfusions

The use of platelet transfusions has increased greatly in the past decade and is likely to continue to escalate because of the risks of thrombocytopenia in patients receiving dose-intensive cancer chemotherapy, the increased use of hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Despite marked advances in procedures for ensuring the safety of platelets, including intensive donor screening, infectious disease marker testing, and increased use of leukodepletion techniques, platelet transfusions carry a significant risk for immunologic disorders and transmission of bacterial, viral, and perhaps other diseases and can entail a very high cost. In addition, thrombocytopenia has the potential to interfere with delivery of chemotherapy on schedule and at the planned doses, thus potentially compromising treatment outcome. The limitations of platelet transfusions have prompted the development of agents with the potential to stimulate platelet production and thus reduce or eliminate the need for transfusions. Two such agents, interleukin-11 (IL-11) and thrombopoietin (TPO), have demonstrated promise in clinical trials. In November, 1997, IL-11 received FDA approval for the prevention of severe thrombocytopenia in high risk patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Thrombopoietic growth factors have the potential to greatly simplify and increase the safety of transfusion medicine.
The Evolving Contribution of Renal Pathology to Understanding Interstitial Nephritis

One hundred years of progress in the study of interstitial nephritis has expanded our diagnostic entities, resulted in identification of numerous pathogenic events, and defined the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate in ways that are useful both for general understanding and for diagnostic classification. We stand poised to enter the next hundred years with new techniques applicable to renal biopsies that detect specific biologic activities in situ in tissue sections. In the future, the information gained from these techniques is likely to result in refined and more accurate assessments of prognosis in patients with kidney disease, and to guide therapeutic interventions designed to interrupt specific sequences of active renal injury.
Increased Responsiveness to Novelty is Associated with Successful Cognitive Aging

The animal literature suggests that exposure to more complex, novel environments promotes neurogenesis and cognitive performance in older animals. Studies in humans indicate that participation in intellectually stimulating activities may serve as a buffer against mental decline and help to sustain cognitive abilities. Here, we show that across old adults, increased responsiveness to novel events (as measured by viewing duration and the size of the P3 event-related potential) is strongly linked to better performance on neuropsychological tests, especially those involving attention/executive functions. Cognitively high performing old adults generate a larger P3 response to visual stimuli than cognitively average performing adults. These results suggest that cognitively high performing adults successfully manage the task by appropriating more resources and that the increased size of their P3 component represents a beneficial compensatory mechanism rather than less efficient processing.
Paternal responsiveness is associated with, but not mediated by reduced neophobia in male California mice (Peromyscus californicus)

Hormones associated with pregnancy and parturition have been implicated in facilitating the onset of maternal behavior via reductions in neophobia, anxiety, and stress responsiveness. To determine whether the onset of paternal behavior has similar associations in biparental male California mice (Peromyscus californicus), we compared paternal responsiveness, neophobia (novel-object test), and anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze, EPM) in isolated virgins (housed alone), paired virgins (housed with another male), expectant fathers (housed with pregnant pairmate), and new fathers (housed with pairmate and pups). Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and Fos immunoreactivity (IR) were quantified in brain tissues following exposure to a predator-odor stressor or under baseline conditions. New fathers showed lower anxiety-like behavior than expectant fathers and isolated virgins in EPM tests. In all housing conditions, stress elevated Fos-IR in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Social isolation reduced overall (baseline and stress-induced) Fos- and colocalized Fos/CRH-IR, and increased overall CRH-IR, in the PVN. In the central nucleus of the amygdala, social isolation increased stress-induced CRH-IR and decreased stress-induced activation of CRH neurons. Across all housing conditions, paternally behaving males displayed more anxiety-related behavior than nonpaternal males in the EPM, but showed no differences in CRH- or Fos-IR. Finally, the latency to engage in paternal behavior was positively correlated with the latency to approach a novel object. These results suggest that being a new father does not reduce anxiety, neophobia, or neural stress responsiveness. Low levels of neophobia, however, were associated with, but not necessary for paternal responsiveness.
Limited Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with complete heart block

Complete heart block associated with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is rare, and has not previously been reported with 'limited' WG. The case of a 36-year-old man who presented with complete heart block due to 'limited' WG [positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA) on indirect immunofluorescence, positive serum antibodies to proteinase-3, and inflammatory sinus disease seen on computerized tomography (CT) without renal or pulmonary involvement] is presented. In addition, a gallium-scan fused with a myocardial perfusion scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested focal inflammation near the atrioventricular (AV) node.
Potential Sources of Angiogenic Factors

Several investigators have focused on the source of the angiogenic activity and progress is only now beginning in the assessment of the relative roles of the many potential participants in corneal angiogenesis. In theory the angiogenic factor(s) responsible for corneal vascularization could arise from one or more of the following sources: the denatured tissue, the injurious agent, corneal cells, cells of noncorneal origin, pericorneal vascular cells, serum, tears, or the aqueous humor.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulence-radiation interactions in a statistically one-dimensional nonpremixed system

An important issue in chemically reacting turbulent flows is the interaction between turbulence and radiation (TRI), which arises from highly nonlinear coupling between fluctuations in temperature and species composition of the flow field with the fluctuations of radiative intensity. Here direct numerical simulation (DNS) has been employed to investigate TRI in canonical nonpremixed systems in three-dimensional geometries. A photon Monte Carlo method has been used to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE), which has been coupled with the flow solver. Radiation properties employed here correspond to a nonscattering fictitious gray gas with a Planck-mean absorption coefficient, which mimics that of typical hydrocarbon–air combustion products. Individual contributions of emission and absorption TRI have been isolated and quantified. The temperature self-correlation, the absorption coefficient–Planck function correlation, and the absorption coefficient–intensity correlation have been examined for intermediate-to-large values of the optical thickness, and contributions from all three correlations were found significant but the relative importance of their contribution varies with optical thickness.
Partitioning and mapping a class of parallel simulation models

This paper proposes and evaluates an approach for partitioning and mapping a class of parallel discrete event simulation models. The class of models is a subset of Petri Nets known as marked graphs. Six commercial simulation models based on the marked graph modeling paradigm are examined to evaluate the available parallelism typically found in real models. The parallelism that can be exploited is very dependent upon effective partitioning and mapping algorithms to ensure a useful distribution of concurrently executable events. A partitioning and mapping algorithm is proposed in this paper, and its performance is evaluated. >
Factors affecting the success of glucagon delivered during an automated closed-loop system in type 1 diabetes

Abstract Background In bi-hormonal closed-loop systems for treatment of diabetes, glucagon sometimes fails to prevent hypoglycemia. We evaluated glucagon responses during several closed-loop studies to determine factors, such as gain factors, responsible for glucagon success and failure. Methods We extracted data from four closed-loop studies, examining blood glucose excursions over the 50 min after each glucagon dose and defining hypoglycemic failure as glucose values 180 mg/dl. We evaluated several factors for association with rates of hypoglycemic failure or hyperglycemic excursion. These factors included age, weight, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, gender, automation of glucagon delivery, glucagon dose, proportional and derivative errors (PE and DE), insulin on board (IOB), night vs. day delivery, and point sensor accuracy. Results We analyzed a total of 251 glucagon deliveries during 59 closed-loop experiments performed on 48 subjects. Glucagon successfully maintained glucose within target (60–180 mg/dl) in 195 (78%) of instances with 40 (16%) hypoglycemic failures and 16 (6%) hyperglycemic excursions. A multivariate logistic regression model identified PE (p Conclusion We conclude that glucagon fails to prevent hypoglycemia when it is given at a low glucose threshold and when glucose is falling steeply. We also confirm that high IOB significantly increases the risk for glucagon failures. Tuning of glucagon subsystem parameters may help reduce this risk.
A National Agenda for the Future of Pathology in Personalized Medicine Report of the Proceedings of a Meeting at the Banbury Conference Center on Genome-Era Pathology, Precision Diagnostics, and Preemptive Care: A Stakeholder Summit

In October 2010, representatives and thought leaders from major national pathology organizations and a diverse group of other stakeholders gathered at the Banbury Conference Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, to examine opportunities and challenges facing the discipline of pathology and its future role in the rapidly developing field of personalized medicine. A major focus of the meeting was assessment of the potential impact of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-genome analysis (WGA) in medicine and, specifically, in clinical laboratory practice. (We define WGA as the sequencing of DNA and the alignment, variation calling, quality estimation, and annotation of one entire human genome.) The clearly articulated goal of the pathologists in attendance was to develop a national strategy to ensure that the performance, interpretation, and regulation of genome-based clinical testing come directly under the purview of pathologists and their national organizations. In devising a strategy to guide the development of “genome era” pathology, 3 fundamental themes emerged from the discussions: 1. A lifetime of genomic information. NGS is a “disruptive” technology capable of catalyzing fundamental changes in medical care. It is increasingly plausible to anticipate that healthy people, including newborns, will have their genomes sequenced as the foundation of personalized programs of lifelong health promotion, disease prevention, and, when necessary, disease management. This paradigm shift in clinical laboratory testing presents the discipline of pathology with an unprecedented opportunity to reinvent itself as a primary care discipline . At the least, pathologists have the opportunity to provide expert support to every physician—primary care or otherwise—who cares for people whose genomic information is known. There is also an opportunity for pathologists to be curators of genomic information during the course of each person’s lifetime, providing up-to-date interpretations of genomic information in the context of intercurrent health events and needs. 2. Pathology scope …
Statistical models of the effects of tree trimming on power system outages

This paper develops statistical models for estimating the impacts of tree trimming on electric power system outages under normal (nonstorm) operating conditions. The models are based on an extensive data set from Duke Power, a company in the southeastern U.S., and the models used are a negative binomial generalized linear model and a Poisson generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). The results show that: 1) increasing tree trimming frequency does lead to a decrease in the number of outages on the electric power distribution system; 2) the effects of tree trimming on different circuits can be differentiated and measured; and 3) the Poisson GLMM provides a good fit to the data in this situation. In particular, the results of the model show that for the Duke Power system, one would have expected, on average, 0.9 fewer outages per circuit over the 43-month data recording period if the time between tree trimming cycles was decreased by 1 yr across the whole system. These models could be applied to other power systems, and the results should be useful for power managers in setting tree trimming frequencies and in focusing on the most frequent trimming efforts on those circuits for which trimming will have the greatest benefit.
Semantic inference in natural language: validating a tractable approach

This paper is concerned with an inferential approach to information extraction reporting in particular on the results of an empirical study that was performed to validate the approach. The study brings together two lines of research (1) the RHO framework for tractable terminological knowledge representation and (2) the Alembic message understanding system. There are correspondingly two principal aspects of interest to this work From the knowledge representation perspective the present study serves to validate experimentally a normal form hypothesis that guarantees tractability of inference in the RHO framework. From the message processing perspective this study substantiates the utility of limited inference to information extraction.
Na,K-ATPase α2 activity in mammalian skeletal muscle T-tubules is acutely stimulated by extracellular K+

The Na,K-ATPase α2 isoform is the predominant Na,K-ATPase in adult skeletal muscle and the sole Na,K-ATPase in the transverse tubules (T-tubules). In quiescent muscles, the α2 isozyme operates substantially below its maximal transport capacity. Unlike the α1 isoform, the α2 isoform is not required for maintaining resting ion gradients or the resting membrane potential, canonical roles of the Na,K-ATPase in most other cells. However, α2 activity is stimulated immediately upon the start of contraction and, in working muscles, its contribution is crucial to maintaining excitation and resisting fatigue. Here, we show that α2 activity is determined in part by the K+ concentration in the T-tubules, through its K+ substrate affinity. Apparent K+ affinity was determined from measurements of the K1/2 for K+ activation of pump current in intact, voltage-clamped mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers. Pump current generated by the α2 Na,K-ATPase, Ip, was identified as the outward current activated by K+ and inhibited by micromolar ouabain. Ip was outward at all potentials studied (−90 to −30 mV) and increased with depolarization in the subthreshold range, −90 to −50 mV. The Q10 was 2.1 over the range of 22–37°C. The K1/2,K of Ip was 4.3 ± 0.3 mM at −90 mV and was relatively voltage independent. This K+ affinity is lower than that reported for other cell types but closely matches the dynamic range of extracellular K+ concentrations in the T-tubules. During muscle contraction, T-tubule luminal K+ increases in proportion to the frequency and duration of action potential firing. This K1/2,K predicts a low fractional occupancy of K+ substrate sites at the resting extracellular K+ concentration, with occupancy increasing in proportion to the frequency of membrane excitation. The stimulation of preexisting pumps by greater K+ site occupancy thus provides a rapid mechanism for increasing α2 activity in working muscles.
Supply Chain Framework for Managing Natural Disasters: Batticaloa District

Unexpected natural disasters cause incalculable loss of property and lives worldwide every year. Sri Lanka has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, tsunamis, tropical storms, landslides, drought, and earthquakes have been recurrent phenomena. At least 75,000 people were affected by disasters every year in Batticaloa. The scenes of nightmarish evacuation congestion and insufficient supplies for gas and water are still fresh in public consciousness. This study investigates supply chain management (SCM) related issues in disaster management such as evacuation (transportation routing), information management, supply and disaster relief issues. The purpose of this study is to help with disaster management by applying SCM knowledge and technology in business world to improve evacuation efficiency, quick response to emergent demand etc. Several suggestions concerning the strategies to prepare and response to unexpected disasters are proposed.
Using a Multi-Mode Design on a Panel Study of New Businesses (Presentation)

Objective: Review study level of effort (LOE) trends using Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) paradata.Definitions: LOE = number of computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) attempts.Speed of response = percentage completing within one month of invitation.Firm size = based on number of employees (non-employers, 1-3 employees, 4-9 employees, 10 employees).
Towards Controller Design for Autonomous Airships Using SLC and LQR Methods

The development of an autonomous airship for planetary exploration is an area of great interest since the discovery of a dense atmosphere on Titan, a moon orbiting Saturn. Autonomous navigation is one of the many areas of interest for such a mission. Compared to most aircraft, airships are generally slow moving vehicles with sluggish response capabilities, and may have a fair amount of control input redundancy. In the current paper, both a classically-inspired sequential loop closure controller (SLC) and a hybrid classical / linear-quadratic-regulator (LQR) controller are investigated for autonomous airship waypoint navigation. For general navigation profiles and the current controller designs, the LQR controller tends to require less time and less input. However, in certain cases, the SLC controller is shown to require less time and less input.
Midazolam in Refractory Neonatal Seizures

The outcome of 45 neonates with EEG-confirmed seizures (ESZ) was analyzed at the University Hospital of the Canary Islands, La Laguna, Spain.
Union Health Department Act.

ON AUGUST 10, 1949, Governor Paul A. Dever signed an act authorizing the organization of union health departments in Massachusetts. The act has been described as the most far-reaching health legislation passed in many years, and physicians in the Commonwealth will undoubtedly wish to be thoroughly acquainted with it. They should study its provisions carefully, analyze its possible effect on medical practice and finally form an opinion of its value and effectiveness in improving local public-health administration. Many physicians now accept civic responsibility and are actively interested in the affairs of local, state and federal government. However, Dr. Edward L. . . .
New Guinea Neolithic

relative time period: Follows the Early Australian tradition, precedes the historic period. It should be noted that this entry focuses on the highlands, which were occupied for at least 25,000 years. The coastal areas show little occupation until roughly 4000 b.p. and demonstrate some cultural features quite different from the highlands. For coastal areas, readers should consult the Melanesian entry.
An examination of popular pricing and price framing techniques in the hospitality industry and directions for future research

Pricing in the hospitality industry is significantly different from pricing in the traditional consumer goods market. This paper focuses on price framing and customer reactions to different price presentation formats. Specifically, we highlight seven types of pricing strategies that are commonly used in the hospitality industry, namely price endings/odd pricing, discounts framing, best available rate (BAR), package/bundling, participative pricing strategy such as name-your-own-price (NYOP) and pay-what-you-want (PWYW), and flash deals/daily deals. We offer several propositions that might sparkle interest among hospitality researchers.
“Using the other side of my brain”: creativity in the research classroom

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to present the outcomes of integrating student creative projects in social work research methods classes as a strategy to increase student engagement. Researchers propose that integration of literary arts into courses that students sometimes find daunting will provide an alternative to traditional modes of education, thus enhancing opportunities for student learning. Results from a qualitative classroom study will be presented to show student interpretation of their own creative projects and student evaluations of the assignment. Implications for social work education will be offered.
Introduction to Cancer Surveillance Strategies

In recent decades, detection and treatment of cancer has become increasingly successful. Cure is possible and, even if it is not, therapies can lead to remission of and survival with the disease for years. In the United States alone, there are greater than 12 million cancer survivors [1]. With this number of patients experiencing what has come to be known as cancer survivorship, a need has arisen for the process of surveillance—monitoring cancer survivors for recurrence of disease. Beyond recurrence, surveillance also encompasses posttreatment complications as well as the diagnosis and treatment of secondary malignancies that can arise from initial treatment.
The Effects of Neoliberalism on Labour in the United States, with Some Comparative Notes on India

In this article, I attempt to examine the impact of so-called globalization on workers and their organizations in the Economically Developed Countries (EDCs) and the Lesser Developed Countries (LDCs), with specific reference to the United States and India. It is argued that globalization is a misnomer, since what is really important is its neo-liberal character. Yet, the woes of labour in both India and the United States, while exacerbated greatly by neo-liberalism, pre-date its rise. In India, the post-colonial state played a major role in undermining the struggle of labour, while in the U.S., a statistically documented employer offensive, and the inability or unwillingness of labour organizations to challenge it, can be traced back for over half a century, leading to a continuous decline in labour strength.
Temporal relationship between posterior vaginal prolapse and defecatory symptoms.

Background Posterior vaginal prolapse is thought to cause difficult defecation and splinting for bowel movements. However, the temporal relationship between difficult defecation and prolapse is unknown. Does posterior vaginal prolapse lead to the development of defecation symptoms? Conversely, does difficult defecation lead to posterior prolapse? This prospective longitudinal study offered an opportunity to study these unanswered questions. Objective We sought to investigate the following questions: (1) Are symptoms of difficult defecation more likely to develop (and less likely to resolve) among women with posterior vaginal prolapse? (2) Is posterior vaginal prolapse more likely to develop among women who complain of difficult defecation? Study Design In this longitudinal study, parous women were assessed annually for defecatory symptoms (Epidemiology of Prolapse and Incontinence Questionnaire) and pelvic organ support (POP-Q examination). The unit of analysis for this study was a visit-pair (2 sequential visits from any participant). We created logistic regression models for symptom onset among those women who were symptom-free at the index visit and for symptom resolution among those women who had symptoms at the index visit. To investigate the change in posterior vaginal support (assessed at point Bp) as a function of symptom status, we created a standard regression model that controlled for Bp at the index visit for each visit-pair. Results We derived 3888 visit-pairs from 1223 women (each completed 2–7 annual visits). At the index visit, 1143 women (29%) reported difficulty with bowel movements, and 643 women (17%) reported splinting for bowel movements. Posterior vaginal prolapse (Bp≥0) was observed among 80 women (2%). Among those women without symptoms, posterior vaginal prolapse did not significantly increase the odds that defecatory symptoms would develop (difficult bowel movements, P =.378; splinting, P =.765). In contrast, among those with defecatory symptoms, posterior vaginal prolapse reduced the probability of symptom resolution (difficult bowel movements, P P =.162). The mean rate of change in posterior wall support was +0.13 cm. Among women without posterior vaginal prolapse, the presence of defecatory symptoms at the index visit did not have an effect on changes in Bp over time; however, among those with posterior vaginal prolapse (Bp≥0), defecatory symptoms were associated with more rapid worsening of posterior support (difficulty with bowel movements, P =.005; splinting, P =.057). Conclusion Posterior vaginal prolapse did not increase the odds that new defecatory symptoms would develop among asymptomatic women but did increase the probability that defecatory symptoms would persist over time. Furthermore, among those women with established posterior vaginal prolapse, defecatory symptoms were associated with more rapid worsening of posterior vaginal wall descent.
Extraction of rock complex dielectric permittivity from its impedance parameters

Traditional methods of rock electrometry and dielectrometry have been summarized by Keller1 and Parkhomenko.2 Bridge, resonance (coaxial and slotted line), and heterodyne methods have been applied from the kilo-to the giga-hertz range of frequency. Each method has its maximum validity in a given frequency range, and sometimes for certain ranges of the resistive and reactive components to be measured. Conventional bridge instrumentation is usually unstable and noisy below audio frequencies.
Impact of circulating tumor cell (CTC) nucleus size on outcomes with abiraterone acetate (AA) therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

253Background: CTC enumeration but not CTC morphology has been reported to predict outcomes to treatment in men with mCRPC. Recently Chen JF et. al (Cancer, 2015) showed an association with nuclear size and incidence of visceral disease in metastatic prostate cancer. In this study, we investigate the impact of CTC nucleus size on outcomes in men treated with AA for mCRPC. Methods: In a cohort of men with mCRPC treated with first-line AA, who had CTCs identified by CellSearch (CS) analysis prior to initiating treatment, we retrospectively quantified the nuclear size of CTCs by ImageJ/Fiji 1.46 software and correlated with progression free survival (PFS) on AA. We analyzed with univariate in addition to pre-specified multivariable analysis adjusted for Gleason score and baseline log PSA to assess independent predictive value of CTC nuclear size on PFS. Median PFS was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and p-values were determined from Cox proportional hazards model. Results: 22 men treated with AA for mCRP...
The Riot Report and the News: How the Kerner Commission Changed Media Coverage of Black America

By Thomas J. HrachAmherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2016, 164 pp.Years of frustration and anger over unemployment and crowded, dilapidated housing played out during one hot July 1964 week...
Racial Disparities in Context: Student-, School-, and County-Level Effects on the Likelihood of Obesity among Elementary School Students:

Childhood obesity rates in the United States have risen since the 1980s and are especially high among racial minorities. Researchers document differentials in obesity rates by race, socioeconomic s...
From creationism to economics: how far should analyses of pseudoscience extend?

Both the scientific and philosophical problems with classic pseudosciences such as astrology and creationism are well known, leading to institutions that are not structured to promote cognitive advancement. A focus on institutions, however, also encourages recognition of gray areas, such as parapsychology, which combines scientifically dubious claims with institutions that are comparable to most social sciences in their structure. Furthermore, institutional approaches to pseudoscience also raise questions about some academically mainstream fields such as economics. In such cases, pseudoscientific aspects of practice are harder to identify, highlighting the need to place analyses of pseudoscience in a wider context of institutional pathologies.
What Went Wrong at Jurassic Park? Modes of Sex Determination and Adaptive Sex Allocation in Reptiles

While birds and mammals determine sex of offspring via sex chromosomes, reptiles developed a new way to determine offspring sex—through temperature. We now know that reptiles display a range of sex-determining systems, including systems that show strict genetic sex determination, systems that have genetic sex determination with a temperature override, and finally systems in which temperature determines sex with no apparent genetic underpinning. In this chapter, I will outline the many different modes of sex determination found in reptiles and discuss the evidence for adaptive sex allocation in reptilian systems.
Neurosensory Organization of Speech and Hearing

This chapter discusses the neurosensory organization of speech and hearing. Three major pathways carry sensory impulses from the extremities and trunk to higher levels of the nervous system. One of these is the spinothalamic tract that has two divisions—the lateral spinothalamic tract and the ventral spinothalamic tract. The lateral spinothalamic tract conveys impulses of pain and temperature. The ventral spinothalamic tract conveys impulses of light touch, light pressure, and tactile discrimination. The second major pathway is known as the dorsal column. The two tracts of the dorsal column are the fasciculus gracilus and the fasciculus cuneatus. The third major pathway includes the spinocerebellar tracts. The dorsal pathway ascends contralaterally. Both pathways end in the cerebellum and are thought to mediate conscious proprioception of movement. Cerebral lesions, marked by language loss, may have accompanying sensory loss involving the parietal lobe or subcortical pathway. The oral cavity is very rich in sensory receptors. Tactile receptors of the mouth, tongue, pharynx, and teeth play a significant role in the articulation of speech.
Decomposition of multi-peroxidic compounds: Part II. Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD)

Abstract The thermal decomposition of neat hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) was examined over the temperature range 100 and 180 °C. It was found to be first-order up to 150 °C and produce ∼2 mole of gas/mole HMTD; primarily CO 2 but also trimethylamine and ammonia. Above 150 °C, the decomposition became nearly instantaneous and gas production more than doubled. Instead of carbon dioxide, CO was the main product (about 3 mole/mole HMTD) and under air no trimethylamine was observed from the thermolysis. The observed changes in products may indicate a change in mechanism, but they can also be explained by a secondary reaction, the oxidation of trimethylamine to HCN and methanol. The latter interpretation is based on the fact that when available oxygen was limited, i.e. when the decomposition was performed under vacuum, some trimethylamine was observed in the high temperature thermolysis. Two possible mechanisms are suggested, one free radical and the other ionic.
Arctic Stratus Clouds

Arctic stratus clouds are extremely relevant to the problem of air-sea-ice interaction in high latitudes because: 1) due to their persistence and extent they are a dominant climatological feature of the central Arctic during the summer; 2) they strongly influence the amount of solar and infrared radiation that is incident on the surface in the Arctic, thus affecting the energy balance of the pack ice and the heat available to the ocean mixed layer in ice-free regions; 3) they are an example of a cloud type whose structure is strongly dependent on the disposition of solar and infrared radiation within the cloud and its interaction with boundary layer turbulence; 4) at present they are not realistically simulated in any major general circulation or weather forecasting model, and thus pose an obstacle to the proper simulation of the coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean system.
Following the Frankincense: Reassessing the Sitz im Leben of Targum Song of Songs*:

It is commonly asserted that Targum Song of Songs was composed in Palestine in the seventh or eighth century CE. This article surveys the most significant criteria used to posit that assertion (suc...
Intercultural Psychotherapy: An Historical Perspective

Throughout human history, people have experienced unanticipated losses and life crises. These have included natural disasters, accidents, illness, interpersonal strife, armed conflict, and wars. Efforts to cope with these personal losses and life crises have involved attributing their cause either to supernatural or other malign influences beyond their control, or to personal failings. Healing rituals evolved to appease the spirit world, diminish psychological distress related to personal responsibility for losses, provide hope for recovery, and restore community solidarity. In this chapter, we review the history of psychological and acculturative stress related to migration, whether voluntary or involuntary, and the changes in national policy toward immigrants and refugees over the past century. We also review the common features of healing rituals, including psychotherapy, and the factors that enhance personal resilience and functional improvement through psychotherapy. We describe the social, psychological, and national policy effects of the vastly increased flow of voluntary and involuntary migration over the past century, as well as the need to provide culturally competent and sensitive forms of psychotherapy for the increasingly multicultural populations which mental health staffs currently encounter in clinical settings.
Falling Through the Cracks: Risk Factors for Becoming Lost to HIV Care After Incarceration in a Southern Jail

Using a retrospective cohort analysis of inmates released from Dallas County Jail between January 2011 and November 2013, this study characterizes people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who are lost to care after release from jail. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimate the risk of becoming lost to post-release HIV care and a Cox proportional hazards regression model to identify associated factors. The majority of individuals (78.2%) were men and 65.5% were black. Of the incarcerations that ended with release to the community, approximately 43% failed to link to community HIV care. Non-Hispanic Whites were more likely than Hispanics or Blacks to drop out of care after release. Individuals with histories of substance use or severe mental illness were more likely to become lost, while those under HIV care prior to incarceration and/or who had adhered to antiretroviral therapy (ART) were more likely to resume care upon release. Targeted efforts such as rapid linkage to care and re-entry residence programs could encourage formerly incarcerated individuals to re-engage in care.
Contested Slurs: Delimiting the Linguistic Community

Sometimes speakers within a linguistic community use a term that they do not conceptualize as a slur, but which other members of that community do. Sometimes these speakers are ignorant or naive, but not always. This article explores a puzzle raised when some speakers stubbornly maintain that a contested term t is not derogatory. Because the semantic content of a term depends on the language, to say that their use of t is semantically derogatory despite their claims and intentions, we must individuate languages in a way that counts them as speaking our language L, assigns t a determinately derogatory content in L, and still accommodates the other features of slurs’ linguistic profile. Given the difficulty of doing this, there is some reason to give a non-semantic analysis of the derogatory aspect of slurs. The author suggests that rather than dismissing the stubborn as semantically incompetent, we would do better to appeal to expected uptake as moral reasons for the stubborn to adjust their linguistic practices.
8 – Vacuum sintering

: Vacuum sintering is an effective method for obtaining dense sintered metals and ceramics. The chapter first discusses key issues with evaporation, purification and densification. It then describes equipment configurations and finally practical processing conditions for some metals and ceramics.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Caused by Induced Hypertension to Treat Cerebral Vasospasm Secondary to Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the case of a patient who had presented to a university hospital with induced-hypertension (IH) posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). We also reviewed all other reports of such patients. Methods We have described the clinical course of a patient who had presented to the university hospital neurosurgical department. We also performed a systematic review of studies related to the incidence of PRES caused by the use of IH in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results The patient had presented with an acute-onset headache and found to have a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture. She underwent coiling the next day. During the subsequent days, she demonstrated fluctuating clinical examination findings, aphasia, and decreased levels of arousal. Digital subtraction angiography was performed, and the findings were concerning for mild vasospasm of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The systolic blood pressure goal was increased to 180–220 mm Hg for an IH trial, which had initially resulted in some transient clinical improvements in her level of arousal. However, the improvement was not sustained. During the next 36 hours, the patient worsened, and she developed left middle cerebral artery syndrome. Given the concern for a possible ischemic event, magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which demonstrated interval development of multiple areas of cortical-based fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity consistent with PRES. The systolic blood pressure goal was relaxed to normotension, and ~48 hours later, the patient's clinical status had significantly improved. Conclusion IH-PRES is a rare complication that should be remembered in the differential diagnosis for at-risk patients.
Accountability Increases Resource Sharing: Effects of Accountability on Human and AI System Performance

Accountability pressures have been found to increase worker engagement and reduce adverse biases in people interacting with automated technology, but it is unclear if these effects can be observed ...
A non-conventional ergodic theorem for a nilsystem

We prove a non-conventional pointwise convergence theorem for a nilsystem, and give an explicit formula for the limit.
Structural basis for inhibition of the type I-F CRISPR-Cas surveillance complex by AcrIF4, AcrIF7 and AcrIF14.

CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea to defend against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and have been repurposed as genome editing tools. Anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins are produced by MGEs to counteract CRISPR-Cas systems and can be used to regulate genome editing by CRISPR techniques. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of three type I-F Acr proteins, AcrIF4, AcrIF7 and AcrIF14, bound to the type I-F CRISPR-Cas surveillance complex (the Csy complex) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AcrIF4 binds to an unprecedented site on the C-terminal helical bundle of Cas8f subunit, precluding conformational changes required for activation of the Csy complex. AcrIF7 mimics the PAM duplex of target DNA and is bound to the N-terminal DNA vise of Cas8f. Two copies of AcrIF14 bind to the thumb domains of Cas7.4f and Cas7.6f, preventing hybridization between target DNA and the crRNA. Our results reveal structural detail of three AcrIF proteins, each binding to a different site on the Csy complex for inhibiting degradation of MGEs.
"Principles" Guiding Our Medical ICU

Caring for the critically ill is a humanistic endeavor that requires thoughtful collaboration by a multidisciplinary team. In recent times, patient care in ICUs has become more complex with technological advances in monitoring, diagnostic testing, and therapeutics; many of these advances have translated into improved patient outcomes. In this increasingly complicated system, local culture and goals for the unit can also be overwhelmed by the impersonal and overarching institutional objectives. Developing "ICU specific principles" is a structured approach to cultivate habits and encourage attitudes that are aligned with the values of the team; this can serve to optimize the work environment and prioritize excellent patient care.
Histopathological Correlation of Acute on Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonitis Caused by Vaporized Cannabis Oil Inhalation

Whether eosinophilic pneumonitis represents a true manifestation of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury remains uncertain, and this ambiguity stems from a lack of histopathological data. We present a previously healthy young woman whose asthma-like symptoms and histopathologic finding of eosinophilic pneumonitis were caused by inhalation of vaporized cannabis hash oil concentrates. This report provides compelling evidence that eosinophilic pneumonitis can result from cannabis hash oil inhalation.
School Choice, Exclusion, and Race Taming in Milwaukee: A Meta-ethnography.

This article presents a meta-ethnography (Urrieta Jr and Noblit (eds), Cultural constructions of identity: meta ethnography and theory, Oxford University Press. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.001.0001 ) of school choice across education sectors in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. A site of intense contention and experimentation around school choice, Milwaukee constitutes a unique case that can offer insights into similar education reforms increasingly being implemented on a global scale. In synthesizing six book-length qualitative research studies, I engage key differences among the texts and then offer a lines-of-argument synthesis (Noblit and Hare, Meta-ethnography: synthesizing qualitative studies. Sage Publications, 1988. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985000 ) that reinterprets the studies as stories about whiteness’ right to exclude across school sectors (Aggarwal, in: Fernandes (ed), Feminists rethink the neoliberal state: inequality, exclusion, and change, New York University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479800155.003.0003 ; Harris, Harv Law Rev 106(8):1707–1791, 1993. https://doi.org/10.2307/1341787 ). Lastly, I engage various layers of interpretation in the studies (via the interconnected avenues of theory, researcher positionality, and methodology) to describe race taming discourses that attempt to make race, racism, and white supremacy manageable and containable through insufficient education interventions. I suggest that both exclusion and race taming can offer cautionary lessons about the tenuousness and possibilities of interest convergence during a time of apparently renewed cross-racial support for public education in the contemporary Milwaukee education scene.
Double loop ventricular tachycardia activation patterns with single loop mechanisms: Asymmetric entrainment responses during "pseudo-figure-of-eight" reentry.

Background The classical paradigm of scar-related reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) features a circuit with a double loop figure-of-eight (F8) activation pattern. Objective The purpose of this study was to interrogate VT circuits with F8 activation patterns by entrainment mapping to differentiate an active loop from a passive loop. Methods Sixty VT circuits with >90% of tachycardia cycle length delineated in high resolution were retrospectively analyzed in 55 patients (nonischemic 49%). A pseudo-F8 VT circuit was defined as a double loop activation pattern driven by a single loop mechanism with a passive loop that yields a long postpacing interval (postpacing interval − tachycardia cycle length ≥ 30 ms). Results Single loop activation patterns were observed in 33% (n = 20). Of 40 circuits with F8 patterns by activation mapping, 20 were studied with entrainment mapping, where a passive loop was identified by a long postpacing interval in 50%. In 6 circuits where entrainment mapping was performed from both outer loop regions, all demonstrated asymmetric responses to entrainment, confirming a single loop mechanism. Entrainment from both lateral margins of the common pathway (n = 7) demonstrated an asymmetric response in 29%. In all pseudo-F8 circuits (n = 10), the shorter loop functioned as the active loop and ablation targeting the active loop side of the isthmus resulted in VT termination with a single radiofrequency application. Conclusion In a selected cohort, single loop mechanisms are more prevalent than double loop reentry in reentrant human VT. Half of VT circuits with double loop activation patterns can be demonstrated to be sustained by a single active loop mechanism by entrainment mapping. Ablation targeting the shorter active loop resulted in rapid termination during radiofrequency application.
Shape engineering of antenna-coupled single-metal nanothermocouples

We study the thermal response of antenna-coupled nanothermocouples (NTC) for long-wave infrared (IR) detection based on a single-metal nanostructure and shape engineering. The influence of the shape of the NTC junctions on the electrical and IR response of the sensor is studied. In particular, we compare detectors with abrupt and tapered junctions. We find that the thermoelectric behaviors of the two different NTC designs are identical when one of the junctions is selectively heated by a nanoscale heater to produce an open-circuit voltage. However, the IR responses are significantly different when the junctions are heated by the radiation-induced antenna current. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the tapered junction is more efficiently heated by the antenna, which results in nearly twice as large IR response compared with detectors having abrupt junctions.