cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Index of Suspicion in the NurseryCase 1: Failure to Thrive in a 2-Week-Old BoyCase 2: Term Infant With Abdominal Distention and Bilious Emesis

An 8-day-old, formula-feeding male infant was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for failure to thrive (down ∼12% from birthweight). Birth history was remarkable for birth at 37 1/7 weeks’ gestation (according to last menstrual period) via vaginal delivery with a birthweight of 2,900 g. Apgar scores were 9 and 9 at 1 minute and 5 minutes, respectively. Maternal laboratory test results were unremarkable, and the mother was negative for group B streptococcus with rupture of membranes ∼2 hours before delivery. Initial hospital course was unremarkable. At the time of discharge, the infant was formula-feeding well, with a discharge weight of 2,745 g (down 5.5% from his birthweight). At the 2-day follow-up visit, the infant demonstrated continued weight loss despite taking appropriate volumes of formula. After multiple outpatient visits and close monitoring of weight trajectory, the infant was admitted for further evaluation of failure to thrive. Upon admission, the infant was 12% down from birthweight, but he was taking 30 mL of 22 kcal/oz formula every 2 hours with only occasional emesis (according to maternal report). The infant was having wet diapers and stools with almost every feeding. On examination, the infant was a nondysmorphic-appearing male with normal results on physical examination and vital signs; he had normal-appearing circumcised male genitalia, with testes descended bilaterally, and normal pigmentation. The infant was initially admitted to the pediatrics ward and then subsequently transferred to the NICU for further evaluation and management. ### Progression Initial laboratory test results on admission demonstrated hyponatremia (sodium, 129 mmol/L) and hyperkalemia (potassium, 8.3 mmol/L). The electrocardiography (ECG) was unremarkable. Blood pressures via a peripheral arterial line …
THE EFFECT OF FLUORIDE ON THE HARDNESS AND STRUCTURE OF BONE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a preliminary study on the effect of fluoride on the hardness and structure of bone. Fluoride has also been used therapeutically in a variety of osteopenic bone diseases, particularly in the treatment of osteoporosis. For the hardness testing, the femurs were thawed to the room temperature and the hardness was tested at two diametrically opposite points of whole bones using a Rockwell hardness tester. A microradiograph of a transverse cross-section of the femoral shaft was also taken. The data reveals that the micro-hardness remained almost unaffected with low or moderate fluoride intake but decreased significantly when fluoride intake was high. Fluoride causes considerable microscopic and macroscopic changes in the structure of bone. The study results show that although there was a wide scatter and there were large variations between the fresh and treated bones, the hardness increased considerably with increasing amount of fluoride intake.
Yi-ology and the Formation of Chinese Philosophy:From the Statements of Hexagrams and Lines in the Yijing to the Ten Wings

Yijing originally was used to divine.Based on his personal deep experience on Yijing,Confucius and his followers co - authored the Ten Wings by which the content of divination was transformed into the connotation of heavenly Dao which was connected with humanity,hence the life philosophy of China incorporating heaven,earth and human being.With the help of the system and methodology of integral life philosophy,we can see that Confucius and his inheritors on one hand irrigated the seed of life philosophy in the original Yijing and helped it sprout.On the other hand,they used the Dao threading through heaven,earth and human being. Heavenly Dao creates the life and earthly Dao breeds the life.Man succeeds the nature of creative creativity and assists heaven and earths creation.Heaven,earth and human being keep prehending and influencing one another and form an integral body of life.
A Managerial Perspective of Social Media: Managing the Tension Between the Need for an Integrated Communications Approach and Consumers’ Need for Personalization

The digital age has modified consumers’ expectations of branded communications. Prior to social networks, mass media communication channels such as TV and radio allowed brand managers to ‘speak to’ customers (Hoffman and Novak 1996). However, the proliferation of social media has instigated a revolution in the communications field, resulting in consumers expecting the brand to ‘interact with’ them in a medium where the consumer controls every aspect of the conversation—the timing, the channel, and the content.
Introduction to the Frog: Your Origin Is Your Fate—Or Is It?

Publisher Summary Xenopus laevis is a useful study object for several reasons, not the least of which is that different regions of the egg and the early embryo are fated to contribute to specific structures. In other words, one can generate a fate map for the early embryo. At the same time, it is clear that cell interactions play a major role in amphibian embryogenesis. By representing a situation in which aspects of both regulative and lineage-dependent development are apparent, amphibians and specifically Xenopus have long been and continue to be favored as a system for studying many aspects of embryogenesis. During the long process of oogenesis, large amounts of reserve substances are accumulated that allow rapid cell division and differentiation in the early embryo. In particular, a large store of mRNA, preformed organelles like mitochondria, and ribosomes are maintained so that components for the basic machinery of cellular metabolism need not be produced during early embryogenesis, thus allowing rapid development. After fertilization, cleavage proceeds without RNA synthesis to the mid-blastula transition at about 6 hours of development, using maternal mRNA whose expression and stability are regulated by several mechanisms. The basic body pattern is laid down during gastrulation, and is further elaborated during a period of organogenesis that leads to metamorphosis, a dramatic reorganization of the body plan from which the adult, albeit immature, frog emerges.
Sustainable Seismic Design

Abstract Traditional design of a seismic resistant system for a building structure has often relied on structural damage as the intended response of the structure to limit the increase in lateral force and to dissipate energy. The goal of this traditional design approach was life-safety, i.e. to prevent building collapse. Following this approach, a major seismic event can cause significant damage to the structure. This in turn requires extensive repair, or if the damage is severe enough, for the structure to be demolished. More recently, an alternative design approach has emerged that is intended to provide structures that remain damage free and self-center (i.e. exhibit no residual drift) after the earthquake. This paper describes this alternative approach, and discusses opportunities for improved sustainability through damage-resistant seismic design and renewable materials.
Patterns of Emergency Department Care for Newly Diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopenia in United States Children's Hospitals

We used the Pediatric Health Information Systems database to ascertain treatment patterns of immune thrombocytopenia across the US. Despite the recently published guidelines by the American Society of Hematology, most patients are still being hospitalized for immune thrombocytopenia, even in the absence of documented bleeding symptoms.
Chapter 119 – Aseptic meningitis

This chapter describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with both aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. It also addresses the major causes of aseptic meningitis. Although bacterial meningitis is quite rare in an era of widespread conjugate vaccines, diagnosis often depends on the results of bacterial cultures which may take several days. Aseptic meningitis, on the other hand, is typically a benign childhood infection requiring supportive care alone. It also reviews available clinical decision rules that may assist the clinician in distinguishing which children with aseptic meningitis are at very low risk of bacterial meningitis using predictors available at the time of clinical presentation.
The effects of horizontal grid spacing on simulated daytime boundary layer depths in an area of complex terrain in Utah

The influence of grid spacing on daytime planetary boundary layer (PBL) depths is investigated using 2 years of hourly output from a weather forecast system run operationally for an area of complex terrain in Utah. The model domain includes Dugway Proving Ground, the target area for the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) program. Differences in PBL depths between a coarse- (10 km horizontal grid spacing) and a fine-grid (3.3 km) domain are expressed as a function of several parameters that describe the terrain variability, including the standard deviation and the Laplacian of the terrain elevation. PBL depths on fair weather days are larger in the coarse domain than in the fine-grid domain by more than 200 m over areas with unresolved ridges in the coarse-grid domain. Absolute differences are an order of magnitude larger in summer than in winter while relative differences are similar and on the order of 10%. The PBL depth differences can only be partly removed after correcting for the fine-grid terrain elevation in the coarse domain, indicating that unresolved atmospheric processes in the coarse-grid domain also account for the PBL depth differences. The results also demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between PBL depths and PBL heights when evaluating the performance of coarse-grid numerical models.
POSTER: Detection of CPS Program Anomalies by Enforcing Cyber-Physical Execution Semantics

In this work, we present a new program behavior model, i.e., the event-aware finite-state automaton ( eFSA ), which takes advantage of the event-driven nature of control programs in cyber-physical systems (CPS) and incorporates event checking in anomaly detection. eFSA provides new detection capabilities to detect data-oriented attacks in CPS control programs, including attacks on control intensity (i.e., hijacked for/while-loops) and attacks on control branch (i.e., conditional branches). We implement a prototype of our approach on Raspberry Pi and evaluate eFSA 's performance by conducting CPS case studies. Results show that it is able to effectively detect different CPS attacks in our experiments.
Towards an ethics of traumatic memory: Mouloud Feraoun's La cité des roses and Zahia Rahmani's France, récit d’une enfance

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a contiguous reading of two works by writers of Algerian-Amazigh heritage that examine the construction of the self in times of political and cultural fracture and confront what the anthropologist Vincent Crapanzano has called ‘frozen discourses’ (2008) on identity and national belonging. Written 45 years apart, Mouloud Feraoun's posthumously published war-time love story, La cite des roses (2007) and Zahia Rahmani's contemporary experimental memoir, France, recit d’une enfance (2006) approach the collective trauma of the Algerian war of independence and its transgenerational repercussions from an adult male and a teenage girl's perspective who both experience the discourse of inter-ethnic hatred as a suicidal imperative. Completed before his assassination by French paramilitaries at the end of the war, Feraoun's fiction lucidly portrays sexual and political infatuation in 1958 Algeria, seeking to situate an ethics of the self in a context of war. Forty-five years later, Rahm...
A generalized theory of thin film growth

This paper reports a theory of thin film growth that is generalized for arbitrary incidence angle during physical vapor deposition in two dimensions. The accompanying kinetic Monte Carlo simulations serve as verification. A special theory already exists for thin film growth with zero incidence angle, and another theory also exists for nanorod growth with a glancing angle. The theory in this report serves as a bridge to describe the transition from thin film growth to nanorod growth. In particular, this theory gives two critical conditions in analytical form of critical coverage, ΘI and ΘII. The first critical condition defines the onset when crystal growth or step dynamics stops following the wedding cake model for thin film growth. The second critical condition defines the onset when multiple-layer surface steps form to enable nanorod growth. Further, this theory also reveals a critical incidence angle, below which nanorod growth is impossible. The critical coverages, together with the critical incidence angle, defines a phase diagram of thin growth versus nanorod growth.
Emergence of a Theory

The first new name associated with elasticity was that of Fourier. An 1818 note shows how a solution to the plate equation could be obtained through an approach uniquely associated with his name: through the representation of plate motion in the form of a summation over the trigonometric functions, sine and cosine. His focus was on solution technique, not on a demonstration or generalization of the plate equation. The particular problem he solved also avoided a deficiency in theory that existed at that time, namely, the lack of an accepted set of boundary conditions. Since he intended to describe the response of an infinite plate to a quite arbitrary initial disturbance, the need for knowing conditions at an edge did not arise.1
E Pluribus Duo

This chapter examines the divisions in American life, with a specific focus on marriage as the most revered of all social structures. By any measure of social class, marriage has fallen more at the bottom than at the top. Marriage has clear associations and implications for voluntary association, youth group and nonyouth group participation, friendship, and kinship socializing. Another divide examined with implications for each of these areas is education: the flattening trend of educational expansion forecasts less social capital in the future. Education and marriage are revealed to be separate divides, but they traverse each other and have a complex relationship to the race divide. Ultimately, each is revealed to have significant impact on happiness.
Treatment of Endometrial Cancer in the Geriatric Patient

Despite the fact that endometrial cancer is predominantly a disease that occurs in elderly women, little is known about best practices for therapy when endometrial cancer develops in the “oldest old” patients greater than the age of 80 or in patients with age-associated comorbidities. Treatment of endometrial cancer in these populations is a challenge as surgery is indicated in the vast majority of cases, and there are no validated screening tools to assess a patient’s fitness for endometrial cancer surgery. Patients with endometrial cancer not uncommonly require adjuvant therapy in the form of hormones, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination thereof, but little information exists regarding best practices in an elderly patient and outcomes. This chapter aims to summarize the challenges and options surrounding the care of elderly patients who present with endometrial cancer.
The Limits Of Globalization: An Assessment of the Extent and Consequences of the Mobility of Productive Capital

This paper argues that the extent and consequences of the globalization of productive investment tend to be overstated. The evidence presented here indicates that the investment process, far from transcending the nation state, remains essentially a national phenomenon. Investment is largely undertaken by domestic firms responding to domestic economic conditions. The paper also provides a contrast of mainstream and heterodox visions of economic openness. It is argued that the heterodox critique of mainstream theory is well founded. A more realistic set of assumptions leads to less sanguine conclusions about the consequences of economic openness. The paper concludes that advances in capital mobility are indeed likely to undermine the bargaining power of workers, communities and nation states. But, on the other hand, capital is considerably less mobile than many heterodox thinkers claim.
A multi-institution comparison of mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine (MEC) vs. high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone (Ara-C Couplets) therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia.

e19005Background: R/R AML has a poor prognosis, thus salvage chemotherapy is used as a bridge to HSCT, however the optimal regimen remains unknown. MEC is commonly used as salvage; ~ 66% of patient...
Timing of onset and rate of decline in learning and retention in the pre-dementia phase of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To examine trajectories of declines in learning and retention during the predementia phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT+IR). Method: Learning was defined by the sum of free recall over three test trials. Retention was defined in two ways: by delayed free recall (DFR) and by savings; DFR adjusted for learning. The performances of 217 incident AD cases from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) were aligned based on the time that AD was first diagnosed. The predementia phase of learning and retention decline was assessed using change point models in which cognitive trajectories are described by a series of linear components with knots delineating times of accelerating decline. Results: Trajectories for both learning and DFR had two change points: the first at 6.58 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 6.56, 6.60) to 7.29 (95% CI: 6.13, 8.46) years before diagnosis followed by gradual decline over the next 4 years, and a second acceleration of decline 1.89 (0.56, 3.24) to 2.93 (95% CI: 1.56, 4.30) years before diagnosis. The change points for DFR were not significantly earlier in the predementia phase than the change points for learning. Savings had one change point, 5.3 (95% CI: 3.56, 7.04) years before diagnosis. Conclusion: Both learning and DFR showed similar profiles of decline in the years prior to the clinical diagnosis of AD. When delayed recall was adjusted for initial learning, the measure was less sensitive to early disease. (JINS, 2019, 25, 699–705)
Creating Through Deviancy or Adjustment? The Link between Personality Profile Normativeness and Creativity

Does deviancy or adjustment predict creativity? To address this question, we tested the association between personality profile normativeness (similarity between one's personality profile and the a...
Recovered Memory and Sexual Assault

A true recovered memory has been defined as an event that a person experienced that they could not recall at some later time, and which later can be successfully recalled by the person. A false recovered memory is a memory a person experiences of an event that did not occur. Definitive sorting of memories into either of these categories requires external corroboration of events in a person’s life. The majority of scholarly investigation surrounding recovered memories has centered around the recovered memory of child sexual abuse (CSA) in adult survivors. Empirical investigations suggest that memory is fallible, and that memory error from multiple sources could result in the adoption of a false memory of CSA. There is also strong evidence for the existence of true recovered memories, and several processes by which forgetting, and recovery occurs have been proposed. Today, it is widely accepted that both true and false memories exist in the body of recoveries of CSA memories by adults.
Natural language processing systems for pathology parsing in limited data environments with uncertainty estimation.

Objective Cancer is a leading cause of death, but much of the diagnostic information is stored as unstructured data in pathology reports. We aim to improve uncertainty estimates of machine learning-based pathology parsers and evaluate performance in low data settings. Materials and methods Our data comes from the Urologic Outcomes Database at UCSF which includes 3232 annotated prostate cancer pathology reports from 2001 to 2018. We approach 17 separate information extraction tasks, involving a wide range of pathologic features. To handle the diverse range of fields, we required 2 statistical models, a document classification method for pathologic features with a small set of possible values and a token extraction method for pathologic features with a large set of values. For each model, we used isotonic calibration to improve the model's estimates of its likelihood of being correct. Results Our best document classifier method, a convolutional neural network, achieves a weighted F1 score of 0.97 averaged over 12 fields and our best extraction method achieves an accuracy of 0.93 averaged over 5 fields. The performance saturates as a function of dataset size with as few as 128 data points. Furthermore, while our document classifier methods have reliable uncertainty estimates, our extraction-based methods do not, but after isotonic calibration, expected calibration error drops to below 0.03 for all extraction fields. Conclusions We find that when applying machine learning to pathology parsing, large datasets may not always be needed, and that calibration methods can improve the reliability of uncertainty estimates.
TRAUMA, PREJUDICE, LARGE-GROUP IDENTITY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS

Escaping Nazi annexation of Austria, Sigmund Freud and his family left there in 1938 to live the rest of their lives in exile in the house now known as the Freud Museum in London. This paper is based upon the author's Holocaust Day Memorial Lecture delivered virtually at this museum on January 27, 2021, which marked the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi death camp. Besides remembering those who were lost during World War II, the content of this paper includes a description of different types of massive traumas, with a focus on disasters at the hand of the Other, and their impact on individuals and large groups. Sigmund Freud's ideas about relationships between communities and countries with adjoining territories, as well as large-group psychology, are updated, and individuals' and large groups' needs to grasp onto large-group identities is explained and illustrated with case reports.
Abstract MP64: Higher Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability In Early And Middle Childhood Is Associated With Higher Blood Pressure In Adolescence

Background: In young adults, higher blood pressure (BP) and visit-to-visit BP variability are independent risk factors for incident cardiovascular disease. No studies have examined if BP and visit-...
Reduction in Pain Inhibitory Modulation and Cognitive-Behavioral Changes in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Case-Control Study.

Abstract Background Recent studies indicate that the assessment of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) responses and emotional factors can provide important information regarding chronification mechanisms, choices for more efficient therapeutic strategies, and clinical variables supporting a therapeutic prognosis. Aims To investigate the impact of nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) on CPM and psychosocial factors in individuals with NSCLBP compared with healthy controls. Design Case-control study. Methods Eighteen patients with NSCLBP and 18 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Pain intensity and affective-emotional aspects of pain, functional disability, kinesiophobia, depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing pain were obtained using a questionnaire. A CPM protocol was established to assess the functioning of the descending inhibitory system, with a cold pressor test as a conditioning stimulus and pressure pain threshold as a test stimulus. The maximal isometric strength of the trunk extensors also was evaluated. Results Healthy participants demonstrated a greater CPM response than those with NSCLBP. Patients with NSCLBP exhibited significantly lower pressure pain threshold than healthy subjects. Moreover, patients with NSCLBP presented with a considerable exacerbation of cognitive-behavioral changes. NSCLBP patients showed diminished maximal isometric strength of the trunk extensor compared to healthy subjects. Conclusions The endogenous pain inhibition system is reduced in patients with NSCLBP, with significant cognitive-behavioral changes indicated by high levels of anxiety and moderate pain intensity. Setting Clinical School of Physical Therapy of the Federal University of Delta of Parnaiba, Piaui - Brazil. Participants/Subjects 36 subjects with and without NSCLBP.
Outcomes of aborted cancer surgery: a call for patient-centered research.

PURPOSE While not always sufficient, surgery is a critical component of contemporary multidisciplinary cancer care and is generally necessary for the curative-intent treatment of most solid organ cancers. Patients who undergo aborted cancer surgery may experience many of the same surgical symptoms, need for recovery, and risk of complications as patients who undergo successful curative-intent surgery while simultaneously experiencing the psychosocial distress of a terminal change in their prognosis as well as the side effects of cancer left in situ. METHODS A systematic review of the PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and PsychInfo databases was performed of literature pertaining to the quality of life, experiences, care needs, coping strategies, and/or preferences of patients following aborted cancer surgery. RESULTS Among 12,060 initially identified articles, none met the final inclusion criteria. Given this evidence gap, this commentary summarizes the lack of relevant literature on patient-centered outcomes following aborted cancer surgery and highlights opportunities for future patient-centered research. CONCLUSION There is a significant lack of patient-centered research pertaining to outcomes of aborted cancer surgery. Future research should focus on characterizing patients' experiences, care needs, and preferences following aborted cancer surgery which might inform patient-centered interventions that can lead to improved quality and quantity of life.
Minimal $\alpha$-Recursion Theoretic Degrees

This paper investigates the problem of extending the recursion theoretic construction of a minimal degree to the Kripke [2]-Platek [5] recursion theory on the ordinals less than an admissible ordinal α , a theory derived from the Takeuti [11] notion of a recursive function on the ordinal numbers. As noted in Sacks [7] when one generalizes the recursion theoretic definition of relative recursiveness to α -recursion theory for α > ω the two usual definitions give rise to two different notions of reducibility. We will show that whenever α is either a countable admissible or a regular cardinal of the constructible universe there is a subset of α whose degree is minimal for both notions of reducibility. The result is an excellent example of a theorem of ordinary recursion theory obtainable via two different constructions, one of which generalizes, the other of which does not. The construction which cannot be lifted to α -recursion theory is that of Spector [10]. We sketch the reasons for this in §3.
Structure-property relationships in radical-cation (electron-donor molecule) and anion-based (including fullerides) organic superconductors and their use in the design of new materials

The presently known structure-property relationships that have been developed for organic superconductors based on the ET molecule (β-phases and phases), and the C60-anion-based fullendes, and their use in the structural design of new superconducting materials are discussed.
Classification of co-occurring depression and substance abuse symptoms predicts suicide attempts in adolescents

Although both depression and substance use have been found to contribute to suicide attempts, the synergistic impact of these disorders has not been fully explored. Additionally, the impact of subthreshold presentations of these disorders has not been researched. We utilized the Quadrant Model of Classification (a matrix of severity of two disorders) to assess for suicide attempt risk among adolescents. Logistic regression was used to examine the impact of co-occurring disorder classification on suicide risk attempts. Results indicate that quadrant classification had a dramatic impact on suicide attempt risk, with individuals with high severity co-occurring disorders at greatest risk.
The Impact of Hedge Fund Family Membership on Performance and Market Share

We study the impact that hedge fund family membership has on performance and market share. Hedge funds from small fund families outperform those from large families by a statistically significant 4.4% per year on a risk-adjusted basis. We investigate the possible causes for this outperformance, and find that regardless of family size, fund families that focus on their core competencies have "core competency" funds with superior performance, while the family's non-core competency funds underperform. We next examine the determinants of hedge fund family market share. A family's market share is positively related to the number and diversity of funds offered, and is also positively related to past fund performance. Finally, we examine the determinants of fund family market share at the fund style/strategy level. Families that focus on their core competencies attract positive and significant market share to these core-competency funds. Hence, by starting new funds only in their family's core competencies, fund managers can enjoy increased market share while their investors enjoy good performance.
The Neuropsychology of Learning Disabilities

The term learning disability was created so that a categorical mechanism could be established by which monies would be made available to provide remedial services for those students who did not qualify for such services under the traditional categories of exceptionality. It probably was never intended to refer to a homogeneous and internally consistent diagnostic entity. The literature on learning disabilities contains innumerable discussions concerning whether learning disabilities exist, and if so, how they are defined and what constitutes an adequate diagnosis. At the heart of these debates, one finds disparate theoretical orientations of various professional groups. The current theories of learning disabilities and the controversies related to its diagnosis, definition, etiology, and remediation have existed in one form or another for almost a century.
Medical professionalism: what the study of literature can contribute to the conversation

Medical school curricula, although traditionally and historically dominated by science, have generally accepted, appreciated, and welcomed the inclusion of literature over the past several decades. Recent concerns about medical professional formation have led to discussions about the specific role and contribution of literature and stories. In this article, we demonstrate how professionalism and the study of literature can be brought into relationship through critical and interrogative interactions based in the literary skill of close reading. Literature in medicine can question the meaning of “professionalism” itself (as well as its virtues), thereby resisting standardization in favor of diversity method and of outcome. Literature can also actively engage learners with questions about the human condition, providing a larger context within which to consider professional identity formation. Our fundamental contention is that, within a medical education framework, literature is highly suited to assist learners in questioning conventional thinking and assumptions about various dimensions of professionalism.
Is the i.v. obstructed or infiltrated? A simple clinical test.

Objective. The objective of our study was to determine if clinical observation of pressure-flow relationships (PFR) can differentiate between partial external obstruction (obstruction) and infiltration as a cause of poor performance of gravity-fed infusions.Methods. A total of 24 patients with functional intravenous cannulae in situ had obstruction simulated by the application of a tourniquet proximal to the cannula. The change in flow (ΔF) for a discrete change in pressure (ΔP) was determined in each case by counting drop rates at two different elevations of the fluid reservoir level, 10 cm apart. The same process was repeated in 15 patients in whom the cannula was in an extra vascular location (infiltration). Three sizes of cannula—16-gauge, 18-gauge, and 20-gauge—were examined, with equal distribution of sizes in each group. The effect on flow rates of inflating a blood pressure (BP) cuff proximally on the cannulated limb was assessed. The ratio ΔP/ΔF is the total resistance of the infusion system, and by subtracting known values for resistance of infusion tubing and cannula, the venous or tissue resistance was calculated.Results. There was a statistically significant difference between the change in flow for obstructed compared with infiltrated cannulae for the same change in pressure for each cannula size. The mean venous resistance was 23 mm Hg/L/hr, while that of tissue was 280 mm Hg/L/hr, with no overlap between groups. There was no effect on flow rate with blood pressure cuff inflation in the infiltrated group whereas flow progressively fell in the obstructed group.Conclusions. Clinical observation of PFRs in poorly functioning gravity-fed IV infusions can assist in detecting infiltration as a cause. Inflation of a blood pressure cuff will further impair flow where the cannula is intravascular, but will have no effect in an extravascular location.
Biologically modified hydrogels for chemical and biochemical analysis

This review focuses on recent advances in the use of hydrogels for chemical and biochemical analysis. Specifically, we discuss recognition elements encapsulated within synthetic hydrogels, synthetic polymers grafted with biological molecules that form freestanding gels, and gels made of naturally occurring polymers, such as proteins or polysaccharides. Gels considered here serve as a platform for the analysis or separation of chemical systems with a high degree of selectivity. Analysis or separation was achieved primarily by incorporating biologically active molecules into a gel matrix. Future developments in biologically integrated gel research for chemical analysis are promising due to the diversity of chemical systems yet to be investigated by these versatile analytical platforms.
Site-specific rate constants for iron removal from diferric transferrin by nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) and pyrophosphate.

Abstract The kinetics of iron removal from human serum diferric transferrin by nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (NTP) and pyrophosphate ( PP i ) have been studied in 0.1 m , pH 7.4, N -(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine- N ′-2-ethanesulfonate buffer at 25 °C using urea/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The four microscopic rate constants required for a complete description of iron removal from the two transferrin metal-binding sites have been measured at 100 m m concentrations of NTP and PP i . There is very good agreement between the rate constants determined by electrophoresis in this study and the corresponding rate constants determined spectrophotometrically for monoferric transferrins that have been labeled at the empty binding site with substitutionally inert Co(III). The results validate the use of cobalt-labeled transferrins as models for kinetic studies on iron removal from diferric transferrin.
A thermodynamic model for gelation of sickle-cell hemoglobin.

Abstract The two-step concept of gelation of sickle-cell hemoglobin (Minton, 1973) provides the basis for a thermodynamic model to account for the macroscopic solution properties of sickle-cell hemoglobin in terms of microscopic structure and interactions. Step 1, the formation of a rod-like microtubular array, is treated as thermodynamically equivalent to a precipitation. Step 2, the alignment of microtubules to form a nematic phase, is treated as an isotropic-nematic transition in a suspension of interacting rod-like particles. Upon combination of these two steps a qualitative temperature-composition phase diagram is obtained. The results of several experimental studies on sickle-cell hemoglobin solutions, including measurements of solubility, sedimentation equilibrium and viscosity, are reviewed and it is shown that the proposed model provides a unified interpretation of many of the observed physical properties of these solutions.
Developing a Transformative School Vision: Lessons From Peer-Nominated Principals

Scholars argue or imply that schools should build transformative school visions that promote equity, diversity, and social justice. However, little empirical research has investigated the principal’s role in this endeavor or analyzed the practical dimensions of transformative vision statements. This study re-examined relevant data from two qualitative studies of school principals who were peer-nominated for exemplary transformative practices. The findings delineate principals’ practices in developing a transformative vision and suggest several useful dimensions of transformative vision statements. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Wnt Signaling Is Required for Long-Term Memory Formation

Wnt signaling regulates synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in the adult nervous system, suggesting a potential role in behavioral processes. Here, we probed the requirement for Wnt signaling during olfactory memory formation in Drosophila using an inducible RNAi approach. Interfering with β-catenin expression in adult mushroom body neurons specifically impaired long-term memory (LTM) without altering short-term memory. The impairment was reversible, being rescued by expression of a wild-type β-catenin transgene, and correlated with disruption of a cellular LTM trace. Inhibition of wingless, a Wnt ligand, and arrow, a Wnt coreceptor, also impaired LTM. Wingless expression in wild-type flies was transiently elevated in the brain after LTM conditioning. Thus, inhibiting three key components of the Wnt signaling pathway in adult mushroom bodies impairs LTM, indicating that this pathway mechanistically underlies this specific form of memory.
Bronchodilator activity of dimaprit in the guinea pig in vitro and in vivo

Abstract The bronchodilator activity of the H 2 -receptor agonist, dimaprit, was assessed in vitro and in vivo. In vitro dimaprit relaxed guinea pig tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips that were constricted by the H 1 receptor agonist, 2-PEA, or by carbachol. The H 2 -receptor antagonist, metiamide, inhibited this effect of dimaprit in vitro on both tissues constricted by 2-PEA but not on the carbachol constricted tracheal spiral. Intravenous infusion of dimaprit in the intact guinea pig resulted in reversal of bronchoconstriction induced by subcutaneous injection of 2-PEA. In vivo pretreatment with the H 2 -receptor antagonist, metiamide, resulted in a diminished sensitivity to the bronchodilating effects of intravenous dimaprit.
Skin Conditions in the Athlete

Dermatologic conditions are a common presenting complaint in the athletic training room. There are many different causes for rashes, and treatment options vary depending on the condition and the severity. Bacterial infections of the skin have a variety of different appearances and can spread rapidly among individuals. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus when making the choice of antibiotics. Other infectious rashes, including tinea and herpes, are well-described conditions in wrestlers; however, these rashes can be seen in any athlete, especially those engaged in contact sports. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are important to clear the rash and reduce the spread to others. In addition to infectious rashes, athletes are prone to mechanical rashes and skin conditions due to friction and tight-fitting equipment. Sports medicine providers must not only diagnose and treat these conditions but also be aware of the return-to-play guidelines set forth by the governing bodies under which he or she operates.
The tap test: A rapid indicator of fetal pulmonary maturity

We present here a new means to assess fetal pulmonary maturity called the tap test. It is rapid, inexpensive, and requires only 1 ml of amniotic fluid. The tap test was compared to the phospholipid profile in 88 fetuses, 70 of whom were delivered before term. All fetuses were born within 72 hours after the amniotic fluid specimen was obtained. The test results were correlated to the absence or presence of the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. When the tap test was evaluated at 2, 5, and 10 minutes, the predictive values for a mature test result were 100%, 98%, and 98%; the predictive values for an immature test result were 43%, 52%, and 58%, respectively. For the phospholipid profile the predictive values for a mature and an immature test result were 98% and 37%. These findings indicate that the ability of the tap test to predict fetal pulmonary maturity is comparable, if not superior, to that of the phospholipid profile.
Effects of atomic oxygen on graphite ablation

It is shown that a previously derived semiempirical equation for describing observed ablation rates of isotropic graphites cannot be applied to low-density flows containing dissociated oxygen. Experimentally determined reaction probabilities of isotropic graphites to molecular and atomic oxygen are used to calculate heat-transfer rates and stagnation-point ablation rates for typical conditions. Integrated mass losses are computed for a group of flight trajectories which start from geosynchronous orbit and enter earth's atmosphere in a skipping motion following near-elliptic decaying orbits. A comparison of the results with those obtained by the equation under question shows excellent agreement for steep trajectories, but large discrepancies for shallow trajectories. The differences are attributed to surface oxidation by atomic oxygen.
Calculations of molecular-orbital — separated-atom x-ray coincidences

The calculated cross section for the production of 1sσ molecular orbital (MO) x-rays in coincidence with projectile and targetK x-rays is a factor of 0.2 to 0.3 smaller than the non-coincident cross section. TheK-coincident MO x-rays are emitted with a much larger anisotropy than the non-coincident MO x-rays.
THE IRRITANT POTENCY OF ZINC AMMONIUM SULFATE OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZES.

Abstract Aerosols of zinc ammonium sulfate cause an increase in pulmonary flow resistance in guinea pigs exposed for one hour. Zinc sulfate and ammonium sulfate have similar actions but are less potent irritants than the double salt. Zinc ammonium sulfate aerosol was studied at mean' particle sizes by weight of 0.29, 0.51, 0.74 and 1.4μ. The smaller the particles, the greater the irritant action at any given mass concentration. When the number of particles per unit volume is equal, the larger aerosols are more irritating. When zinc ammonium sulfate (0.3μ) and sulfur dioxide were administered together the response to the mixture was more than additive.
Experiences Delivering a Marital Intervention for Couples With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Previous researchers have indicated that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are vulnerable to relationship stress, lower marital satisfaction, and potential relationship dissolution. We describe the experiences of three couples who participated in a 10-week, in-home couples therapy intervention using Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). Each couple and their progress through the intervention are described using therapist and supervisor reflections, and qualitative evaluation interviews with the participants after termination. Based on the experiences of the couples, we conclude that couples would benefit from an in-home couples therapy intervention aimed to strengthen their relationships.
Stone Soup: photo-elicitation as a learning tool in the food geography classroom

This paper showcases self-reflective and inclusive pedagogy using photo-elicitation in a food geography course assignment. The Stone Soup project positions students as both researchers and participant-subjects in a participant-driven photo-elicitation (PDPE) study of students' foodways. Student papers for this assignment demonstrate rich understandings of the factors enabling and constraining food practices. We suggest that PDPE has value beyond being a research tool; it can empower students as learners and can offer a quality of insight and depth of engagement that are complementary to critical themes in food studies courses.
Adsorptive and acidic properties, reversible lattice oxygen evolution, and catalytic mechanism of cryptomelane-type manganese oxides as oxidation catalysts.

Cryptomelane-type manganese oxides have been synthesized, characterized, and tested in the total oxidation of volatile organic compounds and CO oxidation. The structural, compositional, morphological, acid−base, physisorptive−chemisorptive, and thermal stability properties (especially the reversible evolution of lattice oxygen) have been studied in detail using ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy), HRSEM (high-resolution scanning electronic microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), IR (infrared) and adsorbate-IR, N2 and CO2 physisorption at 77 and 273 K, respectively, TPD-MS (temperature-programmed decomposition−mass spectroscopy), and TGA-DSC (thermogravimetric analysis−differential scanning calorimetry) techniques. Kinetic and mechanistic studies for the catalytic function have been conducted and related to the characterization results. Cryptomelane has shown to be highly microporous, by using CO2 physisorption, and highly hydrophobic, possessing both Bronsted and Lewis acid sit...
Assessing the impact of industrial source emissions on atmospheric carbonaceous aerosol concentrations using routine monitoring networks.

Abstract Industrial sources can have a significant but poorly defined impact on ambient particulate matter concentrations in select areas. Detailed emission profiles are often not available and are hard to develop because of the diversity of emissions across time and space at large industrial complexes. A yearlong study was conducted in an industrial area in Detroit, MI, which combined real-time particle mass (tapered element oscillating microbalance) and black carbon (aetholometer) measurements with molecular marker measurements of monthly average concentrations as well as daily concentrations of select high pollution days. The goal of the study was to use the real-time data to define days in which the particulate matter concentration in the atmosphere was largely impacted by local source emissions and to use daily speciation data to derive emission profiles for the industrial source. When combined with motor vehicle exhaust, wood smoke and road dust profiles, the industrial source profile was used to de...