cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Schooling and the Hubris of the Settlers

Some system for transmitting the knowledge of the elders to their children is required by all Homo sapiens and probably all hominids. Each successive generation cannot reinvent the wheel. Some forms of behavior may be passed on from parent to offspring by biological mechanisms. But in Homo most behavior and information must be passed on by what we call today schools. This is true of Homo in the remote past as well as today. Techniques for making fire, knapping stones to produce arrowheads and knives, stalking edible animals and finding edible plants—all forms of activity required for survival had to be learned by the young. All young went to school.
Gene(S) at I-A Subregion Controls the Autoimmune Response to Thyroglobulin in Mice

Immunization of mice with thyroglobulin emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant produces autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by antibodies to thyroglobulin and infiltration of the thyroid with mononuclear cells. Some strains of mice are low and others are high responders to thyroglobulin. The immune response as reflected especially in the magnitude of the thyroid infiltration, is controlled by gene(s) within the H-2 locus. Previous attempts to map the It gene(s) for thyroglobulin (Ir-Tg) showed that it could be assigned to either the K or I-A subregion of H-2. An H-2 recombinant strain of mice, B10.MBR (H-2bq1, in which the H-2K is derived from the R-2b haplotype and which carries the I-Ak allele(s), was immunized with thyroglobulin. B10.MBR mice were high responders to thyroglobulin in contrast to C57BL/6 mice, which have both the H-2K and I-A from the H-2b haplotype and were low responders. This suggests that Ir-Tg, which controls the severity of autoimmune thyroiditis, maps within the I-A subregion,...
Analytical Methods of Selenium Determination

Selenium occurs naturally in biological materials that vary from a few parts per billion to a few per cent. Methods for its determination, therefore, cover a wide range of concentrations. As a result there have been developed a number of procedures for selenium analysis.
Measurement of the branching ratio for the β decay of O 14

A new measurement significantly lowers the uncertainty on the branching ratio of the ${}^{14}$O ${0}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{0}^{+}$ superallowed $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay transition. Combined with the recently improved $Q$ value, this result renders the ${}^{14}$O system the third most precise among the ``traditional 14'' transitions that are used in the determination of the CKM ${V}_{u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d}$ matrix element.
“Feeling the force” in reproduction: Mechanotransduction in reproductive processes

Reproductive biologists are well-versed in many types of biochemical signaling, and indeed, there are almost innumerable examples in reproduction, including steroid and peptide hormone signaling, receptor-ligand and secondary messenger-mediated signaling, signaling regulated by membrane channels, and many others. Among reproductive scientists, a perhaps lesser-known but comparably important mode of signaling is mechanotransduction: the concept that cells can sense and respond to externally applied or internally generated mechanical forces. Given the cell shape changes and tissue morphogenesis events that are components of many phenomena in reproductive function, it should be no surprise that mechanotransduction has major impacts in reproductive health and pathophysiology. The conference on "Mechanotransduction in the Reproductive Tract" was a valuable launch pad to bring this hot issue in development, cell biology, biophysics, and tissue regeneration to the realm of reproductive biology. The goal of the meeting was to stimulate interest and increased mechanotransduction research in the reproductive field by presenting a broad spectrum of responses impacted by this process. The meeting highlighted the importance of convening expert investigators, students, fellows, and young investigators from a number of research areas resulting in cross-fertilization of ideas and suggested new avenues for study. The conference included talks on tissue engineering, stem cells, and several areas of reproductive biology, from uterus and cervix to the gametes. Specific reproductive health-relevant areas, including uterine fibroids, gestation and parturition, and breast tissue morphogenesis, received particular attention.
Effects of Temperature in the Flowering Stage on Pollen Abortive Characters and Fertility of North Hybrid CMS-BT Lines

An experiment was conducted with two north hybrid CMS-BT lines Songnian 5022A and T176A in plant growth chamber with different temperature treatments,aimed to study the effects of temperature in the flowering stage on pollen abortive characters and fertility of north hybrid CMS-BT lines.The result showed that pollen abortive characters of the two CMS-BT Lines were the same as the contrast(26℃) under 17℃,but ratio of the stained abortive pollens was reduced highly and ratios of the spherical and the typical abortive were significant increased under 35℃ temperature treatments.Bagged seed setting of the two CMS-BT Lines was not much difference from the contrast under 17℃;bagged seed setting was significantly reduced under 35℃.The stigma vigor was not affected by the temperature.
The dilated cardiomyopathies: clinical aspects.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary myocardial disease characterized by decreased systolic function and increased ventricular volumes without proportionate increase in ventricular wall thickness. While many etiologies have been identified, the majority of cases are considered idiopathic. For most patients, therapy is guided by the hemodynamic state and related risks. Cardiac transplantation is associated with good outcome but is not possible for the majority of patients with heart failure, who must rely upon optimal medical therapy.
Lasers and spectroscopy

The study of spectra has provided the raw materials for lasers as well as the basic understanding needed. Now lasers are providing powerful tools and important new insights for understanding the spectra of atoms, molecules, and solids. These in turn can lead to new lasers or other quantum electronic devices.
New Physics Far From Stability

Some recent results in nuclei far from the valley of β stability are reviewed. Shape transitions, new spatial distributions of nucleons in nuclei, as well as evidences pointing to the breakdown of the conventional mean field description of nuclei are among the many new phenomena that arise by going far off stability. Furthermore, the study of decays and reactions involving exotic nuclei is a powerful tool to study the interplay between nuclear and particle physics and a major source of information for nuclear astrophysics studies.
Understanding and Preventing Police Violence

introduction A selected number of issues critical to “police violence” will be the focus of this article. What leads to the use of “unnecessary force” against what groups of people, and What can we do to eliminate the use of “unnecessary force”? There are advantages to starting in the “middle” as one seeks to understand and prevent police violence. Once the use of unnecessary force starts within a system, an evolution begins. Groups and individuals learn by doing. When they help others they are likely to learn from that and become more helpful. When they harm others and use force against others, they are likely to change as individuals and as groups. And it becomes easier for them to use force later on. This is a problem inherent in the work of police officers and others working in the broad field of security because their work sometimes requires the use of force. So that is already the starting point for the possibility of the development of the use of more force. When individuals use force, especially excessive force, they have to justify it somehow. One way to justify it is to devalue your victim, even more than you may have devalued that person before. It then becomes easier to harm him or her even more. Another facet of the same process, which may seem to be paradoxical at first glance, is imputing great strength and power to the “identified victim” by demonizing him or her, so as to justify what you plan to do by the supposed need to protect yourself.
Gendering Radicalism: Women and Communism in Twentieth-Century California. Women in the West Series. By Beth Slutsky

Gendering Radicalism: Women and Communism in Twentieth-Century California. Women in the West Series. By Beth Slutsky. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015. xiii + 261 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $45.00, CAN$56.50, £28.99.) Histories on the neglected subject of the California Communist Party (CCP) are a welcome and admirable effort. The absence of accounts of the party’s West Coast division has been a grave omission in the region’s history. This is especially true for the remarkable women who served in leadership positions in California. Historian Beth Slutsky explores the biographies of three high-ranking women to drive her narrative of the CCP, its relationship over time with the national structure, and each woman’s impact regionally and nationally. The book’s title raises the expectation … englande{at}sfsu.edu
O02-4 Risk of dehydration: california latino farmworkers’ knowledge of and actions taken to prevent dehydration

Introduction Farmworkers experience intense heat in California’s summer harvest. They are at heightened risk for heat related illness (HRI) especially if their intake of water is insufficient to maintain evaporative cooling and therefore protect core body functions. Methods 288 Latino farmworkers throughout California were monitored across a work-shift in summer 2015. Weight was recorded before and after the shift in a minimum level of clothing to assess change in hydration status. Questionnaires were administered in Spanish. Results All farm locations provided water for their workers as required by regulation. 226 (78%) of the participants lost weight and 44 (15%) lost ≥1.5% indicating clinically-significant dehydration. Despite mandatory annual training, only 38% knew ≥3 cups of water should be consumed/hour under hot conditions. No association was found between knowledge of hydration needs and action (drinking sufficient volume or frequency). Men were likely to drink a larger volume of water than women (P = 0.002), but not more frequently. Yet 20.6% of the men lost ≥ 1.5% of their body weight versus only 4.2% of women (P = 0.0003). Despite 209 (72.8%) stating they were thirsty to extremely thirsty when working in hot weather, 276 (96.8%) believed they were drinking enough to keep safe. Using multivariate logistic regression, the risk of losing ≥1.5% weight was associated with being male (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.8–16.6), with a higher knowledge of hydration needs (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–„4.7) and of borderline significance with any type of piece work (paid by quantity rather than by time) OR = 2.2 95% CI (0.95–4.8). Conclusion Latino farm workers are not recalling/using knowledge of hydration needs to prevent HRI at work. The reasons behind this disconnect need further exploration to create strategies to reduce dehydration and HRI risk.
What Are Health Disparities and Health Equity? We Need to Be Clear

“Health disparities” and “health equity” have become increasingly familiar terms in public health, but rarely are they defined explicitly. Ambiguity in the definitions of these terms could lead to misdirection of resources. This article discusses the need for greater clarity about the concepts of health disparities and health equity, proposes definitions, and explains the rationale based on principles from the fields of ethics and human rights.
Macro Forces Shaping U.S. Agriculture

Macro economic forces shaping our country’s agriculture include worldwide circumstances of income, employment, interest rates, and monetary exchange rates. Domestic credit policies, attitudes toward the federal debt, tax policy, and, finally, legislation directly affecting agriculture are additional forces to which individual farmers and ranchers must bend.
Evolution of the Human Pelvis.

No bone in the human postcranial skeleton differs more dramatically from its match in an ape skeleton than the pelvis. Humans have evolved a specialized pelvis, well-adapted for the rigors of bipedal locomotion. Precisely how this happened has been the subject of great interest and contention in the paleoanthropological literature. In part, this is because of the fragility of the pelvis and its resulting rarity in the human fossil record. However, new discoveries from Miocene hominoids and Plio-Pleistocene hominins have reenergized debates about human pelvic evolution and shed new light on the competing roles of bipedal locomotion and obstetrics in shaping pelvic anatomy. In this issue, 13 papers address the evolution of the human pelvis. Here, we summarize these new contributions to our understanding of pelvic evolution, and share our own thoughts on the progress the field has made, and the questions that still remain. Anat Rec, 300:789–797, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The refrigerant is also the pump

Both applying an electric field to and removing it from a dielectric cause temperature changes (Δ T ) and entropy changes (Δ S ) of the dielectric, which is known as the electrocaloric (EC) effect ( 1 ) and is analogous to the changes that occur in a gas when it is compressed ( T increases) and expanded ( T decreases). In general, the electric field–induced T change in dielectrics is very small, but advances in the last decade have led to the development of several EC polymers and their nanocomposites that together generate more than 10°C EC cooling near room temperature as self-supporting films ( 2 – 4 ). Because EC polymers are insulators, there is very little energy loss during EC cooling. However, high-efficiency cooling requires efficient heat transfer from cold to hot ends of the cooling device. On page 1130 of this issue, Ma et al. ( 5 ) report an EC polymer cooler that elegantly integrates the high EC response in EC polymer films with electrostatic actuation (enabled by the flexibility of the polymer-film refrigerant) to efficiently transfer heat from the cold to the hot end.
Modeling operation and inventory for rare earth permanent magnet recovery under supply and demand uncertainties

Abstract Rare earth permanent magnets (REPMs) play an essential role in various applications such as renewable energy production, and aerospace and defense related products. Rare earth elements (REEs) such as neodymium and dysprosium are used in REPMs, and the supply of these REEs has experienced volatility. To mitigate this risk, REEs may be recovered from end-of-life (EOL) products such as computer hard disk drives (HDDs). To facilitate REE/REPM recycling, this paper develops an operation and inventory management strategy to explore the profitability 1) under uncertain market supply and 2) with varying component/material values whose demand also faces significant uncertainties. The resulting strategy provides recommendations for the ordering and processing quantities associated with REPM containing products. An upper bound solution on the recovery profit was proposed to assess the performance of the developed strategy. We found that the proposed strategy helps increase the overall profit, and its performance is close to the upper bound. Finally, several scenarios were evaluated to examine how market conditions affect profit. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this research is the first study on REPM recycling that provides a promising strategy to the relevant industry.
Feasibility analysis for deploying national healthcare information system (NHIS) for Pakistan

Lack of healthcare infrastructure has caused millions of deaths in developing countries. People in such countries generally suffer from infectious diseases and are denied treatment at appropriate time or not warned about emerging epidemics. This mainly happens because of poor establishment of public health services, lack of access to health statistics and nonexistence of precise medical data. The deployment of e-health and specifically Electronic Health Record (EHR) system may help in upgrading and boosting healthcare in developing countries like Pakistan. This paper studies and compares different approaches taken by a group of countries from North America, Europe, Western Asia and Africa for developing and implementing a national EHR in the public health system. The foremost challenges highlighted in this paper are of integration, interoperability, trainings, awareness, standardization, funds, and legal framework, which would help in developing a National EHR system in Pakistan. A National Healthcare Information System (NHIS) is proposed for health sector of Pakistan. The proposed system will be capable of efficient storage, management and sharing of electronic health information of patients in Pakistan. NHIS will also help in conducting surveys and analysis of health statistics for future health planning.
Anathapindika Upasaka: A Model Leadership in Buddhism

This research is focused upon the leadership of Anathapindika Upasaka, one of the main disciples of Gautama Buddha. Anathapindika is considered to be the chief layman devotee of Buddha and became famous not only from his kindness and generosity, but also from his leadership. The Tipitaka devotes 22 Suttas and 15 Jatakas on his life, indicating that he is one of the most important figures in Buddhism, and worth thorough study. The findings of this qualitative research documentary analysis were as follows: Model leadership Anathapindika includes intelligence, ability to motivate others, loving kindness, setting a good example, creativity, and fairness. His success in life can be divided into two parts: 1) his success in personal development, during which he keeps on developing himself and training himself to be a better person, continuously, until he reached the spiritual status as Sotapanna , the first stage of Nibbana, and 2) his success in contributing to society, in which he helped to build the Jeta’s Grove Monastery, developed his home town, and brought in Buddha and Buddhism to Savatthi, one of the most important cities in Buddhism. Before his death Anathapindika became aware that he wanted other lay people to have an opportunity to listen to the deep Dhamma or the teachings of Buddha. Anathapindika’s life and works reflect strong leadership skills. Present day Buddhist leaders should reflect upon the details of Anathapindiaka’s life, especially how he managed to achieve success on both personal and social life planes—both successes depending deeply on Buddhism’s moral grounds. Keywords: Leader; Leadership; Buddhism
Occupational white coat syndrome

Some doctors seem to have entered the profession because of an attraction to its external trappings, without considering the day to day work entailed. Caroline Elton looks at this occupational white coat syndrome
The analysis and interpretation of critical temperatures

Critical temperatures are widely used to quantify the upper and lower thermal limits of organisms. But measured critical temperatures often vary with methodological details, leading to spirited discussions about the potential consequences of stress and acclimation during the experiments. We review a model based on the simple assumption that failure rate increases with increasing temperature, independent of previous temperature exposure, water loss or metabolism during the experiment. The model predicts that mean critical thermal maximal temperatures ( CT max ) increases nonlinearly with starting temperature and ramping rate, a pattern frequently observed in empirical studies. We then develop a statistical model that estimates a failure rate function (the relationship between failure rate and current temperature) using maximum likelihood; the best model accounts for 58% of the variation in CT max in an exemplary dataset for tsetse flies. We then extend the model to incorporate potential effects of stress and acclimation on the failure rate function; the results show how stress accumulation at low ramping rate may increase the failure rate and reduce observed values of CT max . We also applied the model to an acclimation experiment with hornworm larvae that used a single starting temperature and ramping rate; the analyses show that increasing acclimation temperature significantly reduced the slope of the failure rate function, increasing the temperature at which failure occurred. The model directly applies to critical thermal minima, and can utilize data from both ramping and constant temperature assays. Our model provides a new approach to analyzing and interpreting critical temperatures.
A unified equation for predicting traction for wheels on sand over a range of braked, towed, and powered operations

Abstract Vehicle traction between the wheel and the ground surface is a critical design element for on-road and off-road mobility. Adequate traction in dry sand relates to the vehicle’s ability to negotiate deserts, sand dunes, climb slopes, and ingress/egress along beaches. The existing traction equations predict values for only one mode of operation (braked, towed, or powered). In this article, we propose a unified algorithm for continuous prediction of traction over a range of braked, towed, and powered operations for wheels operating on sand. A database of laboratory and field records for wheeled vehicles, entitled Database Records for Off-road Vehicle Environments (DROVE), was used to develop the proposed algorithm. The algorithm employs the ratio of contact pressure to cone index as a primary variable to develop fitting parameters for a relationship between slip and traction. The performance of the algorithm is examined versus the measured data and is also compared against two alternative equations. The new equation showed higher correlation and lower error compared to the existing equations for powered wheels. The proposed equation can be readily implemented into off-road mobility models, eliminating the need for multiple traction equations for different modes of operation.
The Prompt Spectrum of a Radiating Sphere: Benchmark Solutions for Diffusion and Transport

An analytic 1D spherical time dependent solution for the spectrum of a sphere radiating into a surrounding semi-infinite material of arbitrary opacity but uniform material temperature is presented. Two solutions are presented. One is for the frequency dependent or multi-group diffusion equation and the other is for the transport equation. The solution is exact for non-participating media. It is also valid for participating media in the prompt or early phase where the gradient of the matter temperature in the surrounding medium is near zero. A companion paper presents a comparison between the analytic and numerical solutions for several realistic opacities. The solution should prove useful for benchmarking multi-group diffusion and transport codes.
Quantitative Neuroproteomics of the Synapse

An emerging way to study neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases is by performing proteomic analyses of brain tissues. Here, we describe methods used to isolate and identify the proteins associated with a sample of interest, such as the synapse, as well as to compare the levels of proteins in the sample under different conditions. These techniques, involving subcellular fractionation and modern quantitative proteomics using isotopic labels, can be used to understand the organization of neuronal compartments and the regulation of synaptic function under various conditions.
Benadryl® Capsules/Tablets (Parke-Davis)

Benadryl is an antihistamine. It has anticholinergic or drying actions, a central antitussive effect, an antiemetic effect and sedative side effects. Antihistamines compete with histamine for cell receptor sites.
Exploring Prospective Predictors of Child Abduction by Parent

Using a nationally representative data set (the National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children, NISMART-2), variables were tested to identify predictors of child abduction by parent (CABP). Only one predictor (age of the child) was significantly, though weakly, associated with CABP perpetrated by fathers, adoptive fathers, step-fathers, or their significant others. Challenges associated with predicting rare phenomenon, and suggestions for improving the next wave of NISMART data were discussed.
Remasculinizing the Shirker: The Jewish Frontkämpfer under Hitler

This article examines the impact of Nazi persecution on the gender identity of German-Jewish veterans of World War I. National Socialism threatened to erase everything these Jewish men had achieved and sacrificed. It sought to destroy the identity they had constructed as soldiers in the service of the Fatherland, as well as the high status they had earned as Frontkampfer (front-line fighters) in the Great War, upon which their sense of masculinity identity rested. Although diminished and disempowered by Nazi terror, Jewish veterans were able to orient themselves toward hegemonic ideals of martial masculinity, which elevated military values as the highest expression of manhood, giving them a space to assert themselves and defy the Nazi classification Jew. For the Jewish men who fought in World War I, the Nazi years became a battle to reclaim their status and masculine honor. They believed that the manner in which they handled themselves under the Nazis was a reflection of their character: as men who had been tried and tested in the trenches, their responses to persecution communicated their identity as soldiers, as Jews, and as Germans.
Erotic asphyxiation: May have you seeing double

Abstract Purpose If not recognized and treated promptly, nontraumatic orbital subperiosteal hemorrhage (NTSOH) can have serious sequelae including compressive optic neuropathy and permanent vision loss. The following case establishes erotic asphyxiation as a cause of NTSOH. Observations A 29 year-old patient presented with diplopia and periorbital edema and ecchymosis. Complete ophthalmologic exam showed no optic neuropathy. Computed tomography of the orbits revealed a subperiosteal fluid collection in the right orbit. The patient had no risk factors for NTSOH, but after detailed questioning she admitted to participating in erotic asphyxiation prior to the onset of her symptoms. She was observed and subsequently lost to follow up. Conclusions and Importance To the authors' knowledge, erotic asphyxiation as a cause of orbital subperiosteal hematoma has not been previously reported. Lack of knowledge about erotic asphyxiation amongst healthcare providers may contribute to hesitance to directly question patients about the practice. Clinicians should be aware of erotic asphyxiation as a potential cause of orbital subperiosteal hemorrhage.
The influence of salinity on the toxicity of Corexit at multiple life stages of Gulf killifish

Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, approximately 7 million liters of the dispersant Corexit 9500A were released to promote oil biodegradation by breaking up surface oil slick formation. This process is accomplished via amphipathic anionic surfactants within dispersants that facilitate the mixing of aqueous and lipid phases. However, the amphipathicity of Corexit may also cause it to interact with biological membranes like the gill, impairing gill function and ultimately disrupting physiological processes mediated by it, such as osmoregulation. The goal of this study was to investigate the osmoregulatory effects and toxicity of Corexit in Gulf killifish. Killifish at the embryonic, larval, juvenile, and adult life stages were exposed to Corexit in water of different salinities to assess the interactive effects of ontogeny and salinity on Corexit toxicity. Corexit was not toxic to embryos except when exposed in hyperosmotic water where it had negligible effects; however, its toxicity to killifish increased dramatically following hatch, showing its greatest deleterious effects in adults. Corexit tended to increase sodium and chloride burdens in killifish when exposed in hyperosmotic waters and reduced whole-body and plasma ion concentrations in fish exposed to hypoosmotic waters. However, Corexit exposure at hyperosmotic salinities resulted in an increased differential accumulation of sodium over chloride as killifish matured. These findings suggest that Corexit may impair gill structure or alter specific components of osmoregulatory function, thus impacting osmoregulation in hypersosmotic and hypoosmotic waters, potentially impairing survival during osmotic challenges. Furthermore, the magnitude of these impacts continues to increase concomitant with gill ontogeny.
Soft-matter pressure sensors for turbulence detection

We present the design, fabrication, and testing of stretchable pressure sensing membranes. Two sensing techniques are demonstrated: resistive and capacitive. Both designs are incorporated in 400μm-thick films and are fabricated with thin film application of silicone and stencil/mask deposition of conductive materials. The resistive sensor utilizes room temperature liquid metal while the capacitive sensor utilizes multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Tests are performed with 18mm-diameter samples of each. Point load tests and acoustic response in an impedance tube provide feedback on sensor performance. The resistive sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 0.045Ω/mm, and the sensor’s response has been characterized for in the 30Hz to 10kHz range with varying degrees of sensitivity. The capacitive sensor has a small point-load-deflection sensitivity ranging from 0.018pF/mm to 0.044pF/mm depending on capacitor diameter. Acoustic response are shown for 5Hz to 40 Hz, limited by external electronics. These devices are progress towards developing sensor networks capable of tracking aqueous turbulence.
Amputation wider Willen?: Ethikberatung in der Gefäßchirurgie – ein Beispiel

Ethikberatung etabliert sich zunehmend im Behandlungsalltag deutscher Krankenhauser. Der Beitrag stellt den Fall eines Patienten mit Vorfusgangran bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) vor. Der Patient lehnt die dringend indizierte Unterschenkelamputation ab. Seine Einwilligungsfahigkeit wurde nach gerontopsychiatrischem Konsil als nicht gegeben attestiert, das Betreuungsgericht hat bereits eine Zwangsamputation gestattet und der Betreuer hat in die Durchfuhrung der Operation eingewilligt. Der verantwortliche Oberarzt hat aber erhebliche Bedenken gegen diese Vorgehensweise. Obwohl eine klare Weichenstellung durch den beschriebenen rechtlichen Rahmen gegeben ist, wird ein multidisziplinares Ethikkonsil durchgefuhrt. Nach grundlicher Analyse der Situation des Patienten wird dabei empfohlen, von dem durch Gericht und Betreuer zunachst vorgezeichneten Weg abzuweichen. Letztlich erweist sich diese Vorgehensweise als im Sinne und zum Wohle des Patienten sowie als hilfreich fur das Behandlungsteam.
Spatially-varying inversion near grain boundaries in MgAl2O4 spinel

Complex materials, containing multiple chemical species, often exhibit chemical disorder or inversion. Typically, this disorder is viewed as spatially homogeneous throughout the material. Here, we show, using a simple grain boundary in MgAl2O4 spinel, that this is not the case and that the level of inversion at the grain boundary plane is different than in the bulk. This has ramifications for the energetics of the boundary and how defects interact with it, as exemplified by the relative formation energy of vacancies. Using these results as motivation, we construct a simple model of inversion versus grain size that captures the salient behavior observed in experiments and allows us to extract inversion-relevant properties from those same experiments, suggesting that grain boundaries in the experimentally prepared material are essentially fully inverse. Together, these results highlight the role that microstructure plays on the inversion in the material.
Beyond the “Hullabaloo” of the Vaccine “Debate”: Understanding Parents’ Assessment of Risks When Making Vaccine Decisions

To ascertain the risk assessments parents use when making vaccine decisions, I conducted semi-structured interviews with mothers of young children. Treating these interviews as texts, I rhetorically analyzed how parents talk about their chil­dren’s vaccination in order to better understand reasons for vaccine hesitancy. My analysis reveals that despite the difference in behavior between parents who vac­cinate and parents who hesitate, there is a commonality in discourse. Three topoi emerged within these mothers’ explanation of their vaccination decisions: percep­tions of diseases, perceptions of environmental threats, and assessment of their child’s vulnerability. Considering the common ground these topoi reflect, I explore possible alternative messaging about vaccines that might better encourage vaccine uptake. Ultimately, I argue a rhetorical approach to studying public and personal discourses about health issues can prove useful for identifying key topoi, which can generate communication strategies for addressing public concerns while potentially improving support for public health initiatives
The Importance of Perceived Body-Inclusiveness among Physically Active Women in Larger Bodies

Despite the many benefits of physical activity, women participate less frequently than men do, and this is particularly the case among women in larger bodies. The purpose of the present study was to examine one factor that might influence this pattern: the presence of perceived body-inclusive physical activity spaces. The authors collected data from 253 U.S. women, all of whom were active in some form of physical activity over the past year. Results show that as perceived body-inclusiveness increased, so too did women’s identification with the physical activity. Further analyses showed the relationship was significant among women who were in larger bodies, but not for women who were average weight. The authors discuss implications for the delivery and management of physical activity programming.
A pilot study for exploring blood spot anti-mullerian hormone for population-based adolescent reproductive health research.

Introduction and objective Studies of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) rely upon serum measures and clinical samples of older reproductive-aged women intended/attempting pregnancy, with known fertility issues or medical morbidities. We explored the utility of minimally invasive AMH as a measure of fecundability in population-based reproductive health research. Methods We analyzed baseline data from 191 participants in a pilot, longitudinal cohort study, the Young Women's Stress Study. Using an integrated biosocial design, we collected interviewer-administered surveys on demographic, psychosocial, health, and method feasibility/acceptability information and finger-stick capillary dried blood spots (DBS). We used descriptive and bivariate statistics (correlation, T-tests, ANOVA) to estimate method feasibility/acceptability and unadjusted AMH mean concentrations overall and across sociodemographic, reproductive, and health covariates. Results AMH concentrations ranged from 1.02 to 22.23 ng/mL, with a mean of 5.66 ng/mL. AMH concentrations were associated with current hormonal contraceptive use, menstrual cycle frequency, and irregular menstrual patterns, but not with other known correlates. Most participants stated the DBS method was comfortable (81%) and would be likely to provide it again (88%). Conclusions While these pilot data suggest AMH fell within normal range and our DBS methods were acceptable/feasible, the broader question of its usefulness for population reproductive health research remains unanswered. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to validate AMH against time-to-pregnancy and gold standard measures in young healthy samples and across different sociodemographic groups. Public health and social scientists should consider the resource costs of AMH, ethical issues, and risks of (over)interpretation, with a reproductive justice and human rights frame in mind.
Causes and trends in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma among men and women who received liver transplants in the U.S., 2010-2019

Background and aims The national Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) reported the major indication for liver transplants in 2018 was for other/unknown causes. This study was undertaken to examine all causes and trends in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among adults who received liver transplants in the past 10 years. Methods A national cohort study of all adults who received liver transplants from Jan 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2019 recorded in the OPTN STAR database analyzed by etiology of liver disease and HCC, and gender. Results Adult liver transplants increased from 5,731 in 2010 to 8,345 in 2019 (45.6% increase). Between 2010 and 2014, liver disease and HCC associated with hepatitis C (HCV) was the major cause for liver transplantation. Proportion of liver transplants for HCV associated liver disease and HCC has since decreased to 18.7% in 2019 compared with 44.5% in 2010 [25.8%, (95% CI 24.3% to 27.3%), p<0.001], while liver transplants for liver disease and HCC associated with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increased from 12.7% to 28.8% [16.1%, (95% CI 14.8% to 17.4%), p<0.001], and from 9.1% to 21.5% [12.4%, (95% CI 11.2% to 13.5%), p<0.001], respectively. When all causes of liver disease were examined, only 1.7% of liver transplants had unspecified causes. The five major causes of liver disease and HCC among men receiving liver transplants in 2019 were ALD (33.1%), HCV (21.9%), NAFLD (18.5%), cholestatic liver disease (5.7%) and hepatitis B (4.9%), while the major causes among women were NAFLD (26.8%), ALD (21.1%), HCV (13.1%), cholestatic liver disease (11.1%), and autoimmune liver disease (5.6%). Conclusions Our study found NAFLD in 2017 in women and ALD in 2019 in men have surpassed HCV as the leading causes of liver disease and HCC among adults receiving liver transplants.
Characterization of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) from the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), such as Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis, are some of the most agriculturally and economically important pests of potato. Upon nematode infection, a princi...
Barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion using a time-varying background density

Internal wave generation is fundamentally the conversion of barotropic to baroclinic energy that often occurs due to vertical acceleration of stratified flows over topographic features. Acceleration results in a phase lag between density (pressure) perturbations and the barotropic velocity. To estimate the conversion of barotropic to baroclinic energy, the density perturbation is often calculated using a time-invariant background density. Other phenomena, however, can also alter the phasing of density perturbations and vertical velocities, such as barotropic tidal heaving and internal wave interactions. Consequently, accurately accounting for these dynamics in energy budgets is important. Tidal averaging or modal decomposition are often used to isolate topographic energy conversion in the presence of these other phenomena. However, while effective, these methods do not provide insights into the dynamics of conversion either through time or over depth. Here, we present a new analytical approach to calculating barotropic to baroclinic conversion using a time-varying background density. Our method results in an additional term in the baroclinic energy budget that directly accounts for barotropic tidal heaving and internal wave interactions, depending on the formulation of the background density. The tidally averaged, domain-integrated conversion rate is consistent across methods. Isolation of topographic conversion demonstrates that conversion due to interactions between internal wave beams and barotropic tidal heaving lead to relatively small differences in the overall conversion. However, using a time-varying background density allows for full decomposition of barotropic to baroclinic conversion through time and the identification of regions where negative conversion related to mixing actually occurs.
Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels to study cancer cell behaviors

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide and a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in many tissues. Therefore, HA-based biomaterials are extensively utilized to create three dimensional ECM mimics to study cell behaviors in vitro. Specifically, derivatives of HA have been commonly used to fabricate hydrogels with controllable properties. In this review, we discuss the various chemistries employed to fabricate HA-based hydrogels as a tunable matrix to mimic the cancer microenvironment and subsequently study cancer cell behaviors in vitro. These include Michael-addition reactions, photo-crosslinking, carbodiimide chemistry, and Diels-Alder chemistry. The utility of these HA-based hydrogels to examine cancer cell behaviors such as proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro in various types of cancer are highlighted. Overall, such hydrogels provide a biomimetic material-based platform to probe cell-matrix interactions in cancer cells in vitro and study the mechanisms associated with cancer progression.
Au nanoparticle concentration study in hybrid plasmonic microlasers.

In this paper, the concentration effects of Au nanoparticles placed in dye-doped polymeric spherical microlasers are investigated. The microlasers (average diameter of ∼293µm) are made with a mixture of UV curable polymer named Norland Blocking Adhesive (NBA) and Rhodamine 6 G. Four different ratios (between the Au nanoparticles and the NBA solutions) are investigated here, namely, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ratios. The Au nanoparticles (size of ∼5nm) are randomly scattered within the microlaser. The light is collected via a multimode optical fiber, ending to a spectrometer/CCD camera. It is found that the 3000 ratio case exhibited the lowest energy threshold value and the highest photonic emission slope. The 4000 ratio (lowest concentration) exhibited a behavior that was very similar to a microlasers with no Au particles. In terms of longevity of the laser modes, the 3000 ratio case exhibited the most stable emission, although the laser mode disappeared at an earlier time. The emission of the 2000 ratio case dropped drastically after a few seconds but increased after that before dropping again; in this case, the TE and TM laser modes were found to be in competition with each other due to the partial overlapping of the plasmonic emission with some of the resonant cavity modes and due to the thermal expansion effect. The quality factor was found to be of the same order of magnitude for all cases (∼104). Ultimately, this work allows us to select the optimum microlaser’s configuration in terms of Au nanoparticle concentration as well as laser mode emission and longevity for different mechanical and biomedical sensing applications.
Testicular sperm characteristics in men with nonobstructive azoospermia and their impact on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome.

Objective To report fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates based on sperm characteristics at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) following microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE). Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Tertiary hospital. Patient(s) Men with NOA undergoing mTESE between 2013 and 2016 who had successful sperm retrieval and subsequent spermatozoa available for ICSI. Intervention(s) Sperm characteristic assessment. Main Outcome Measure(s) Fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates. Result(s) One hundred ninety-eight men with NOA and successful mTESE were included. The mean ages of the patients and their partners were 35 ± 8 and 31 ± 5 years, respectively. The overall fertilization rate was 44%, and the clinical pregnancy rate was 38%. The absence of twitching sperm motility and the presence of an acrosome defect were associated with decreased fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates on univariable analysis. On multivariable analysis, the presence of motility was associated with higher fertilization rates and greater odds of clinical pregnancy (odds ratio, 4.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.61–11.85). An abnormal acrosome was associated with reduced odds of pregnancy (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.85). No specific anomaly or combination of sperm abnormalities precluded fertilization or clinical pregnancy with ICSI. Conclusion(s) To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study evaluating the importance of sperm characteristics and their impact on ICSI outcomes in men with NOA. The results suggest that no specific defect, including the use of nonmotile testicular spermatozoa, precluded a chance of clinical pregnancy. The study evaluated sperm characteristics at the time of ICSI injection; initial evaluation at the time of retrieval may differ significantly from that of spermatozoa selected for ICSI.
Structure and Function of Escherichia Coli Ribosomal Protein L7/L12: Effect of Cross-Links and Deletions

Ribosomal protein L7/L12 of E. coli is the most extensively investigated representative of the small, four-copy, dimeric acidic proteins that are found in large ribosomal subunits of all organisms. First characterized as the acidic, alanine-rich ribosomal A-protein (Moller and Castleman 1967) and later renamed L7/L12 (Kaltschmidt and Wittmann 1970), the protein was studied extensively with respect to both structure and function (Liljas 1982; Moller and Maassen 1986). In eubacteria, eukaryotes and archaea the acidic proteins always exist as a conserved quaternary structural element in which two dimers are integrated into the ribosome through binding to a common anchoring protein (Casiano, Matheson et al., 1990; Liljas 1982; Uchiumi 1987). One or both of the L7/L12 dimers forms a conspicuous morphological feature on the ribosome known in E. coil as the L7/L12 stalk (Strycharz, Nomura et al., 1978). The proteins can be simply and selectively removed from and restored to the ribosome with the concomitant loss and regain of activity (Hamel, Koka et al., 1972). In both eubacteria and eukaryotes the proteins are required for the binding of elongation factors, and also initiation and termination factors. This is a major example of ribosome function in which specific proteins play a clearly defined and perhaps dominant role.
Jóvenes a la obra

3. poetas bogotanos ineditos. G. Mollarino F., J. C. Bayona V., J. Villa Solano. TRITEX. Bogota, 1986, s/n. TEXTOS 1. M. Jursich, Claudia Diaz, R. E. Serrano, J. F. Robledo. Fundacion Fumio Ito / P.U. Javeriana. Bogota, 1987, 105 Pags. "Golpe de dados". Vol. XV, Num. LXXXV. Bogota, enero-febrero 1987, 20 Pags.
An Architecture for Problem Solving with Diagrams

In problem solving a goal/subgoal is either solved by generating needed information from current information, or further decomposed into additional subgoals. In traditional problem solving, goals, knowledge, and problem states are all modeled as expressions composed of symbolic predicates, and information generation is modeled as rule application based on matching of symbols. In problem solving with diagrams on the other hand, an additional means of generating information is available, viz., by visual perception on diagrams. A subgoal is solved opportunistically by whichever way of generating information is successful. Diagrams are especially effective because certain types of information that is entailed by given information is explicitly available – as emergent objects and emergent relations – for pickup by visual perception. We add to the traditional problem solving architecture a component for representing the diagram as a configuration of diagrammatic objects of three basic types, point, curve and region; a set of perceptual routines that recognize emergent objects and evaluate a set of generic spatial relations between objects; and a set of action routines that create or modify the diagram. We discuss how domain-specific capabilities can be added on top of the generic capabilities of the diagram system. The working of the architecture is illustrated by means of an application scenario.