cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Substance use predictors of attendance among veterans in integrated PTSD and alcohol use disorder treatment

Abstract Comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common, defined by greater severity and impairment than either disorder alone, and associated with poor treatment attendance. Exposure therapies are effective in treating PTSD+AUD, yet substance use is still cited as a potential contraindication for exposure. This study examined substance use–related predictors of session attendance among veterans (N = 119) randomized to receive integrated exposure therapy (Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders using Prolonged Exposure [COPE]; Back et al., 2015) or integrated coping skills therapy (Seeking Safety [SS]; Najavits, 2002) in a clinical trial for comorbid PTSD+AUD (Norman et al., 2019). At baseline, greater percentage of heavy drinking days (β = −0.23, p = .011) and greater AUD severity per structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR (β = −0.21, p = .019) predicted fewer sessions across both treatments. Treatment type did not moderate the relationship between predictors and attendance, except for a trend for craving (p = .057), where greater craving predicted fewer sessions in SS (β = −0.31, p = .02) but not COPE (β = 0.14, p = .28). Percentage of abstinence days, AUD duration, and living in a controlled environment (e.g., recovery home) at the start of therapy were not associated with attendance in either treatment condition. Only a subset of substance use characteristics predicted attendance. Findings did not support the notion that alcohol use leads to lower attendance in exposure therapy compared to nonexposure therapy.
Temple University’s ITA Placement Test in Times of COVID-19

When the COVID-19 pandemic made it impossible to do in-person, on campus testing, we were forced to create a new system to screen International Teaching Assistants (ITA) for Temple university. We u...
Phone It In: A Medical Student Primer on Telemedicine Consultation in Pediatrics.

Introduction Telephone triage requires a unique skillset that is not universally taught in medical school. This curriculum was developed to introduce third- and fourth-year medical students partici...
SHIP DESIGN AND THE COMPUTER

The paper discusses current trends in computer-aided ship design, and the effects computer use may have on the scope and style of ship design.
In vitro-in vivo extrapolation of quantitative hepatic biotransformation data for fish. I. A review of methods, and strategies for incorporating intrinsic clearance estimates into chemical kinetic models.

Abstract Scientists studying mammals have developed a stepwise approach to predict in vivo hepatic clearance from measurements of in vitro hepatic biotransformation. The resulting clearance estimates have been used to screen drug candidates, investigate idiosyncratic drug responses, and support chemical risk assessments. In this report, we review these methods, discuss their potential application to studies with fish, and describe how extrapolated values could be incorporated into well-known compartmental kinetic models. Empirical equations that relate extrapolation factors to chemical log Kow are given to facilitate the incorporation of metabolism data into bioconcentration and bioaccumulation models. Because they explicitly incorporate the concept of clearance, compartmental clearance-volume models are particularly well suited for incorporating hepatic clearance estimates. The manner in which these clearance values are incorporated into a given model depends, however, on the measurement frame of reference. Procedures for the incorporation of in vitro biotransformation data into physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models are also described. Unlike most compartmental models, PBTK models are developed to describe the effects of metabolism in the tissue where it occurs. In addition, PBTK models are well suited to modeling metabolism in more than one tissue.
Induction of illusory self-rotation and nystagmus by a rotating sound-field

Subjects seated in darkness often experience illusory self-rotation when exposed to a rotating sound field. Compelling illusions of a self-rotation are generally accompanied by nystagmoid movements of the eyes with the slow phase in the direction opposite that of the experienced self-rotation. These phenomena are related to the functioning of a spatial constancy mechanism by which a stable distinction is normally maintained between movements of self and movements of the environment. The appearance of nystagmus during illusory self-rotating indicates that apparent body orientation can influence oculomotor control.
Genocide, Ethnonationalism, and the United Nations: Exploring the Causes of Mass Killing Since 1945

Introduction. 1: Expansive Empire and Political Tyranny 2: Theorizing Ethnonationalist Violence 3: The Large Country Syndrome 4: Genocide and the Security Council 5: Ethnonationalist Entrepreneurship within the U.N. Framework 6: A New Cosmopolitical Order? Conclusion.
Algorithmic Methods for Sponsored Search Advertising

Modern commercial Internet search engines display advertisements along side the search results in response to user queries. Such sponsored search relies on market mechanisms to elicit prices for these advertisements, making use of an auction among advertisers who bid in order to have their ads shown for specific keywords. We present an overview of the current systems for such auctions and also describe the underlying game-theoretic aspects. The game involves three parties--advertisers, the search engine, and search users--and we present example research directions that emphasize the role of each. The algorithms for bidding and pricing in these games use techniques from three mathematical areas: mechanism design, optimization, and statistical estimation. Finally, we present some challenges in sponsored search advertising.
Control Volume Analysis of Elastic Wave Front in Composite Materials

A theory is proposed for the analysis of an elastic wave front in unidirectionally laminated as well as fiber reinforced composite mate rials. According to this theory, which is based on the concept of control volume, elastic wave front due to abrupt loadings propagates at a velocity which is bounded by the wave velocities of the fiber material and of the matrix material. The theory includes a nonlinear effect of area change; the wave front velocity is a function of the impact intensity. But for linearly elastic materials, this non-linear effect is small; if it is neglected, then wave front speed in the com posite becomes independent of the impact intensity.Consideration has also been given to the determination of the shear force along the interface between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix. It is found that for certain combination of fiber and matrix, the shear stress attains an extremum value which may cause debond ing of the composite under moderate impact loading.
NASA LANGLEY IMPACT DYNAMICS FACILITY

Description of an impact dynamics facility that will be used to crash test full-scale light aircraft. The aircraft are crashed into the ground as free bodies, using a pendulum swing method to obtain desired flightpath angles and velocities. The aircraft are unrestrained during impact to obtain realistic reactions. Accelerations and strains of the aircraft structure are measured during impact. The crash sequence and structural deformations are obtained by external and internal camera coverage.
Life cycle assessment of adsorbents for fluoride removal from drinking water in East Africa

Various fluoride adsorbents have been studied for removal of excess fluoride from drinking water to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline value of 1.5 mg/L. Production of these adsorbents emits contaminants that can affect human health and the environment, but the extent of these impacts is currently unknown. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of four low-cost and easy to use adsorbents: activated alumina, aluminum oxide amended wood char, bone char, and treated alum waste. The environmental impacts of these adsorbents were evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA). The life cycle stages considered were raw material acquisition, adsorbent manufacturing, and waste management. The functional unit was defined as the quantity of adsorbent necessary to reduce the fluoride concentration of 100,000 L of water from 10 mg/L to the World Health Organization recommended drinking water level of 1.5 mg/L. Eco-indicator and the Tool for Reduction and Assessment of Chemicals and other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) were used to interpret the environmental impacts. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of these adsorbents vary greatly using a common functional unit of treating 100,000 L (100 m3) of fluoride-impacted water. A key determining factor for the impacts is the fluoride adsorption capacity of the adsorbent material because this affects how much material is required to produce safe water. Aluminum oxide amended wood char had the highest overall negative environmental impact in all impact categories, and the lowest adsorption capacity. The two adsorbents that performed the best (lowest environmental impact) were the bone char and the treated alum waste. The environmental impacts of the adsorbents can be reduced by increasing their fluoride adsorption capacity and/or carefully selecting key process components, such as the distance and means of transportation, particularly for activated alumina. Regeneration and reuse of spent adsorbents has the potential to minimize impacts to ecosystem quality.
The Impact of Ethical Tools on Aggressiveness in Financial Reporting

The proposed adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the United States has ignited a debate as to whether the principles-based nature of these standards better serves the interests of investors. While it is argued that these principled-based standards will encourage more transparent financial reporting than the current rules-based U.S. standards, critics argue that IFRS will invite more aggressive financial reporting through the liberal exercising of professional judgment. This empirical study aims to understand what individual and organizational factors may affect aggressiveness when making accounting judgments. In particular, we examine the influence that prior ethics training, codes of ethics and an individual's predominant moral reasoning schema have on adherence to company policy in an accounting-related (depreciation) judgment. Results of the study show that respondents with prior ethics training are more likely to adhere to company accounting policy than those who have not had formal ethics education. Respondents presented with a company ethics code also were less aggressive in their accounting judgments than those who were not presented with a code prior to reading the scenario. Finally, decision aggressiveness was moderated by individuals who used conventional moral reasoning schemas.
Diversity and abundance of glycosyl hydrolase family 5 in the North Atlantic Ocean

The diversity and abundance of glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GH5) were studied in the North Atlantic Ocean. This family was chosen because of the large number of available sequences from cultured bacteria, the variety of substrates it targets, and the high number of similar sequences in the Sargasso Sea environmental genome database. Three clone libraries of a GH5 subcluster were constructed from the Mid-Atlantic Bight and the eastern and western North Atlantic Ocean. The two North Atlantic Ocean libraries did not differ from each other but both were significantly less diverse than the Mid-Atlantic Bight library. The abundance of GH5 genes estimated by quantitative PCR was positively correlated with chlorophyll concentrations in the eastern part of a transect from Fort Pierce, Florida, to the Azores and in a depth profile, suggesting that the supply of labile organic material selects for GH5-bearing bacteria in these waters. However, the data suggest that only <1% of all bacteria harbor the GH5 subcluster. These and other data suggest that the hydrolysis of polysaccharides requires complicated multi-enzyme systems.
Norm-optimal control of time-varying discrete repetitive processes with iteration-varying reference inputs

This paper extends the norm-optimal control design methodology of iterative learning control (ILC) to the case of linear time-varying discrete repetitive processes (LTV-DRP) driven by known iteration-varying reference input signals. Our approach exploits the idea of the internal model principle for robust servomechanism design and uses a state-space model of LTV-DRPs introduced in our earlier work. A general state-feedback solution to the problem is derived that contains as special cases the solutions for time-invariant DRPs and iteration-invariant reference signals as well as the equivalent solutions for the ILC case. A numerical example illustrates the results.
NEIL: Extracting Visual Knowledge from Web Data

We propose NEIL (Never Ending Image Learner), a computer program that runs 24 hours per day and 7 days per week to automatically extract visual knowledge from Internet data. NEIL uses a semi-supervised learning algorithm that jointly discovers common sense relationships (e.g., "Corolla is a kind of/looks similar to Car", "Wheel is a part of Car") and labels instances of the given visual categories. It is an attempt to develop the world's largest visual structured knowledge base with minimum human labeling effort. As of 10th October 2013, NEIL has been continuously running for 2.5 months on 200 core cluster (more than 350K CPU hours) and has an ontology of 1152 object categories, 1034 scene categories and 87 attributes. During this period, NEIL has discovered more than 1700 relationships and has labeled more than 400K visual instances.
Nature conservation in Rhodesia: A review.

Abstract The history of conservation is outlined and the present status and aims are reviewed. There are six types of conservation area in Rhodesia which are listed and described in terms of their present location, size, floristic and faunistic components, planning stage, conservation and management status. Management problems are defined and the ongoing research programme is tabulated. The need for a reappraisal of practical management and planning principles are discussed using a case history as an example.
State of platinum in zirconia and sulfated zirconia catalysts

Platinum is present in a metallic state following activation in air at 725‡C of both 5 wt% Pt/ZrO2 and 5 wt% Pt/SO 4 2− /ZrO2. Reduction of either catalyst at 725‡C produces a Pt-Zr alloy, and these reduced catalysts, upon recalcination in air at 725‡C, form metallic Pt crystallites. Likewise, reduction of these uncalcined catalysts at 725‡C in H2 leads to a Pt-Zr alloy formation. However, treatment of these uncalcined catalysts in H2 at 450‡C does not produce Pt crystallites large enough to detect by XRD.
Choice between cocaine and food in a discrete-trials procedure in monkeys: a unit price analysis

In behavioral economics, the unit price (UP) model of drug consumption defines UP as the ratio of the response requirement to the dose of drug. This model makes two predictions: increasing UP will decrease consumption, and consumption at a given UP will be constant regardless of the response requirement and dose that make up the UP. The present experiment was designed to test the UP model in rhesus monkeys allowed to choose between an IV injection of cocaine and food in a discrete-trials choice procedure. Both response requirement/injection and dose of cocaine were varied in such a way as to yield UPs from 40 to 10,000 responses per mg/kg. The response requirement for food was always 30 and there was a 30-min time-out between trials to allow the direct effects of cocaine on responding to dissipate. Consistent with the UP model, cocaine consumption decreased as UP increased. However, at a given UP, cocaine consumption was usually higher at the higher dose. Thus, under the conditions of the present experiment an important component of the UP model of drug consumption was not supported. It may be that UP is not a reliable predictor of consumption under conditions in which the direct effects of a drug on responding are minimized.
Regulation of messenger RNA turnover in eukaryotes

Abstract In response to some biological and pharmacological stimuli, the rates of messenger RNA degradation change dramatically while the rates of transcription remain unaltered. Under these conditions the preferential stabilization or destabilization of mRNA appears to be an important post-transcriptional mechanism of regulation of gene expression.
Searching in the presence of linearly bounded errors

We consider the problem of determining an unknown quantity x by asking “yes-no” questions, where some of the answers may be erroneous. In particular, we focus on a linearly bounded model of errors where for some known constant r, 0 < r < 1 2 , each initial sequence of i answers is guaranteed to have no more than ri errors. This model allows the errors to occur in a somewhat malicious way: for example, we must deal with a scenario where all errors occur in the last few answers. The problem is examined under the following variations: kinds of questions allowed (comparison or membership), nature of the domain of the searched quantity (bounded [x ∈ {1, . . . , n}, for some fixed n] or unbounded [x is any positive integer]). In the bounded domain, the only previous bound on the number of questions which works for the entire range 0 < r < 1 2 (with either comparison or membership questions) is O(n2 1 1−2r ). We improve this significantly by showing that O(log n) membership questions are enough. The upper bound on number of comparison questions needed is improved to O(n2 1 1−r ), which is o(n) even when r gets arbitrarily close to 12 . In the unbounded domain, where now n is the number being searched, we show that O(log n) membership questions or O([n log n]2 1 1−r ) comparison questions are enough. The problem is solved using the framework of chip games. Author was supported by DARPA Contract N00014-87-K-825 and National Science Foundation Grant CCR-8914428. Author’s net address: jaa@theory.lcs.mit.edu Author was supported by DARPA Contract N00014-87-K825, National Science Foundation Grant CCR-8912586, and Air Force Contract AFOSR-89-0271. Author’s net address: aditi@theory.lcs.mit.edu
Desiccation tolerance and trehalose production in Frankia hyphae

Frankia strains grew more and had greater nodulation capacities after air-desiccation when exposed to sugar osmotica prior to dying. Exposure to 200 mm sucrose, maltose or melibiose resulted in an increase in the cellular concentration of the disaccharide trehalose. The cellular trehalose concentration of Frankia strain HFPArI3 from Alnus rubra was positively, linearly correlated with its growth after air-desiccation, suggesting that trehalose production is associated with desiccation tolerance in Frankia.
Nuclear-excited Feshbach resonances in e+HCl scattering

A virtual state of an electron interacting with a molecule indicates that a new bound state with a large s-wave component is about to appear. In the picture of fixed nuclei, the bound state is caused to appear or disappear by a small displacement of the nuclei. When the nuclear vibrations are taken into account, it is shown, for the example of e+HCl, that nuclear-excited Feshbach resonances occur at energies just below the vibrational thresholds.
Transport via mass transportation

Weak topology implicit schemes based on Monge-Kantorovich or Wasserstein metrics have become prominent for their ability to solve a variety of diffusion and diffusion-like equations. They are very flexible, encompassing a wide range of nonlinear effects. They have interesting interpretations as descent algorithms in an infinite dimensional manifold setting or as dissipation principles for motion in a highly viscous environment. Transport plays a fundamental role in these schemes, as noted by Brenier and Benamou and reviewed below. The reverse implication is less explored and, at least at the outset, less obvious. Here we discuss the simplest situations in the context of systems of transport equations. We show how arbitrary Fokker-Planck Equations in one dimension conform to the mass transport paradigm. Finally, we provide some additional examples, including a simple existence result for velocity-jump processes.
Information subsidies and agenda building: A study of local radio news

A four week case study of a radio newsroom's source delivered material, herein referred to as information subsidies, found only 19% of all items collected were used to make up part of a newscast. Twenty percent of all information subsidies, more than were used in a newscast, were never opened. This suggests news directors follow a two‐step decision process when deciding what subsidies to use. The first step, whether or not to open the subsidy, is made using information printed on the envelope. The second step is then deciding whether to use the subsidy on the air. This two‐step process suggests that news directors place more emphasis on source credibility and power perception than the information that is actually included in the information subsidy.
Center vortex model for the infrared sector of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory: Baryonic potential

The baryonic potential in the framework of the SU(3) random vortex world-surface model is evaluated for a variety of static color source geometries. For comparison, carefully taking into consideration the string tension anisotropy engendered by the hypercubic lattice description, also the {delta} and Y law predictions for the baryonic potential are given. Only the Y law predictions are consistent with the baryonic potentials measured.
Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide Dramatically Lowers Plasma Cholesterol and Restores Endothelial Function in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits

Background— These studies were designed to determine whether the dual-domain peptide with a class A amphipathic helix linked to the receptor-binding domain of apolipoprotein (apo) E (Ac-hE-18A-NH2) possesses both antidyslipidemic and antiinflammatory properties. Methods and Results— A single bolus (15 mg/kg IV) of Ac-hE-18A-NH2 that contains LRKLRKRLLR (141- to 150-residue region of apo E) covalently linked to apo A-I mimetic peptide 18A not only reduced plasma cholesterol levels (baseline, 562±29.0 mg/dL versus 287.7±22.0 mg/dL at 18 hours, P<0.001) in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit model but also significantly improved arterial endothelial function. This improvement was associated with a reduction in 2 markers of oxidative stress. First, the plasma lipid hydroperoxide content was reduced significantly, an effect associated with a 5-fold increase in HDL paraoxonase activity. Second, the formation of superoxide anion, a scavenger of nitric oxide, was also significantly reduced in arteries of...
The role of Doppler velocimetry in the structurally normal second-trimester fetus with elevated levels of maternal serum α-fetoprotein

Umbilical and uterine artery velocimetry was performed in 199 second-trimester pregnancies undergoing sonographic examination for unexplained elevated levels of maternal serum α-fetoprotein in order to evaluate the efficacy of Doppler waveforms for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome. A total of 169 pregnancies resulted in term deliveries of infants with appropriate growth for age, and 30 pregnancies (15%) had adverse outcomes, including preterm delivery, growth retardation and death. The umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio was not statistically different in the two groups (3.9 vs. 4.2, p = 0.16). The uterine artery systolic/diastolic ratio was slightly greater in the group with abnormal outcome (5.7) than in the group with normal outcome (3.3), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.11). Forty-six patients had uterine artery waveforms that exhibited an early diastolic notch. Of these, 31 had a grade 1 notch in which the lowest part of the notch was not greater than one half of the diastolic frequency shift. Fifteen patients had a severe or grade II notch in which the deepest part of the diastolic notch was less than half of the diastolic flow. In patients with either no diastolic or grade I uterine artery notch, the incidence of adverse outcomes was 23/184 (12.5%). In patients with a grade II notch, 7/15 (47%) had a poor outcome. The rate of adverse outcome in patients with a grade II notch was more than three times that observed in women without severe uterine notch, yielding a relative risk of 3.4 (95% CI 1.9–6.0). Thus, the presence of a grade II uterine artery notch on second-trimester sonographic evaluation is associated with an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcome over unexplained elevated levels of maternal serum α-fetoprotein. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Length and type of recurrent ileitis after ileal resection correlate with presurgical features in Crohn's disease.

SUMMARY : Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum usually recurs after an ileocolonic resection. To compare the length and the disease behavior of recurrent ileitis with the presurgical disease characteristics, we studied 31 consecutive patients who had recurrent Crohn's disease symptoms and who had undergone an ileocecal resection at our institution and had both pre- and postoperative radiographic small-bowel studies available for comparison. The preoperative studies were classified as primarily fibrostenotic, perforating, or inflammatory and were correlated with the findings at the time of clinical recurrence. The majority of the patients with initial fibrostenotic disease and all patients with inflammatory disease had recurrence with the same disease pattern. Perforating disease represented clinically with any of the three disease types. There was a trend toward a longer time to clinical recurrence in the perforating group. The correlation between pre- and postsurgical extent of ileal disease was high (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001). These data confirm a consistency in disease behavior and length of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. The extent of presurgical disease in particular seems to be a valuable prognostic factor when contemplating surgical resection. Perforating disease does not scem to be a more aggressive disease type in terms of postoperative recurrence.
Photochemical air pollution and automobile accidents in Los Angeles. An investigation of oxidant and accidents, 1963 and 1965.

Several nonparametric statistical methods have been used to compare Los Angeles motor vehicular accident (MVA) frequencies for the months August to October, 1963 and 1965, with the levels of one component of smog, oxidant Statistically significant association is found to exist between these variables; more often than not, increasing oxidant levels are accompanied by an increase in the frequency of MVA. However, these findings do not overlook the possibility that, since there are other air pollution variables present at the same time as oxidant, the positive association between oxidant levels and MVA frequencies might be due to the positive association between one of the other variables and MVA as well as a positive correlation between this variable and oxidant. The nonparamefric methods used in the analysis, as well as alternative statistical procedures, are discussed In separate sections.
Calculation of communication-network response to arbitrary transients

A method recently presented for the calculation of communication-network response to arbitrary transients suffers from the defect that the numerator and the denominator of the complex transfer function have to be expressed as products of quadratic factors, if they are not already in this form. This restriction can be readily removed without losing the advantages of the method.
Endoscopic Management of Intraventricular Brain Tumors in Pediatric Patients: A Review of Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes

Endoscopic neurosurgical techniques have enabled pediatric neurosurgeons to treat a number of conditions in a minimally invasive manner. In addition to its pivotal role in the treatment of hydrocephalus, endoscopy is increasingly being used in the management of intraventricular brain tumors. Endoscopy has become the first-line modality for obtaining tumor samples from many intraventricular tumors, some of which do not ultimately need aggressive surgical treatment. Endoscopic techniques enable simultaneous treatment of hydrocephalus with tumor biopsy, saving patients an additional procedure. Endoscopy may also be used for complete excision of intraventricular tumors in selected cases. Overall, surgeries performed endoscopically are less invasive than conventional open neurosurgery and often enable shorter lengths of hospital stay and decreased costs. This article reviews endoscopic management of intraventricular tumors in children with a focus on indications, techniques, and outcomes. Relevant case examples are provided to illustrate the utility of these procedures.
Statistical signal processing: applications to beamforming, detection, and estimation

Behind the algebra of statistical signal processing there lies a fascinating geometry. Our aim in this keynote talk is to develop this geometry, and use it to illuminate a number of problems in beamforming, detection, and estimation. In the realm of beamforming, we revisit the Capon, or MVDL beamformer, and establish its connections to more conventional beamformers like the Bartlett. We then offer several extensions to the Capon beamformer, making it suitable for the imaging of distributed targets from broadband data. For detection, we review the geometry of matched and adaptive subspace detectors. These detectors are matched to multidimensional subspaces, making them suitable for detecting distributed or broadband sources. They generalize much of what is known about matched filters, which are matched only to one-dimensional subspaces. Our review of estimation exploits the geometry of oblique projections. These processors have the virtue that they image sources with perfect nulling of nearby sources. Of course there is a price to pay in noise gain. This price depends on principal angles between subspaces, explaining why super-resolution is a risky enterprise.
Synthesis of neutral metallodendrimers possessing adamantane termini: Supramolecular assembly with β-cyclodextrin

First and second generations of 1 → (2 + 1) C-branched metallodendrimers were prepared employing terpyridine−RuII−terpyridine connectivity. Each surface dendron is comprised of a terpyridinyl (focal group), a diester (capable of easy hydrolysis), and a terminal adamantyl moiety (for encapsulation). Internal incorporation of counterbalancing carboxylate moieties derived by ester cleavage with formic acid and subsequent treatment of the intermediate diacid with base gave access to overall charge−neutral dendritic macromolecules. Aqueous solubility was effected by the supramolecular encapsulation of the terminal adamantane moieties with β-cyclodextrin, causing dissolution of the water-insoluble dendrimers (11 and 15) into an aqueous environment.
Molecular dynamics investigation of the MBE growth of Si on Si?110?

Abstract The crystal growth of Si{110} by deposition of single Si atoms from the gas phase is modeled by molecular dynamics simulations using an empirical potential. The bulk terminated Si{110} surface has easily accessible epitaxial sites for growth. However, we find the most stable adsorption site on the clean surface is a threefold coordinated site and not the epitaxial site. The adsorbed atoms in the threefold coordinated sites tend to destabilize atoms in the original surface layer. This causes interlayer diffusion in which the destabilized surface atoms move up into the growing layers. We find that even though the formed crystalline structure is perfect with no vacancies, the atoms from the original surface layer move to the top of four added layers and as much as one third of the original surface atoms migrate into the forming layers. Simulations also reveal that there is a chain mechanism whereby atoms in non-epitaxial sites are pushed into epitaxial positions when a row is nearly full.
Interactive computation of coverage regions for indoor wireless communication

This paper describes a system which assists in the strategic placement of rf base stations within buildings. Known as the site modeling tool (SMT), this system allows the user to display graphical floor plans and to select base station transceiver parameters, including location and orientation, interactively. The system then computes and highlights estimated coverage regions for each transceiver, enabling the user to assess the total coverage within the building. For single-floor operation, the user can choose between distance-dependent and partition- dependent path-loss models. Similar path-loss models are also available for the case of multiple floors. This paper describes the method used by the system to estimate coverage for both directional and omnidirectional antennas. The site modeling tool is intended to be simple to use by individuals who are not experts at wireless communication system design, and is expected to be very useful in the specification of indoor wireless systems.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Factor Analysis of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in a Large Sample of Patients Suspected of Dementia

The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS; Randolph, 1998) is a popular neuropsychological assessment instrument with research supporting its clinical utility. However, the index structure of the RBANS was derived theoretically and was not based on factor analysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure in a large heterogeneous sample of patients referred for a dementia evaluation, using exploratory factor analysis. Results suggest a two-factor solution, the first factor defined predominantly as a memory factor and the second as predominantly a visuospatial factor. This study also sought to validate the obtained factors by examining their relationship with external neuropsychological variables. Correlations between the external variables provide further support for Factor 1 as a memory factor. Correlations with Factor 2 support its visuospatial features, although this factor may also be associated with other cognitive domains such as attention and general ability.
AMCOM RDEC ladar HWIL simulation system development

Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing has, for many years, been an integral part of the modeling and simulation efforts at the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command's (AMCOM) Aviation and Missile Research, Engineering, and Development Center (AMRDEC). AMCOM's history includes the development, characterization, and implementation of several unique technologies for the creation of synthetic environments in the visible, infrared, and radio frequency spectral regions and AMCOM has continued significant efforts in these areas. This paper describes recent advancements at AMCOM's Advanced Simulation Center (ASC) and concentrates on Ladar HWIL simulation system development.
Vote buying in a stylized setting: Reply

Abraham has found an oversight in our paper, Buchanan and Lee (1986), which invalidates one of our conclusions on vote trading. In addition, he argues the structure of the vote trading model we develop provides information that is inconsistent with any vote trading actually taking place. While we acknowledge, and appreciate, Abraham's calling attention to the oversight, we believe that he overstates the problems caused by the information generated by the structure of the model.
Errata and Addenda: Light-Cone Analysis of Virtual Processes

Errors in a recent paper by the authors are corrected. Previously omitted terms which contribute to an effective Lagrangian are evaluated. The role of divergence conditions in light-cone physics is emphasized.
The determination of relative abundances of the oxygen isotopes in silicate rocks

Abstract Two methods have been developed for the quantitative separation of oxygen from silicate rocks. In one method the rock is treated with chlorine trifluoride and hydrogen fluoride at 430° C, in the other the sample is reacted with fluorine and hydrogen fluoride at 420° C. The liberated oxygen has been analyzed mass spectrometrically and O18/O16 ratios reliable to within 0.05% have been determined for a number of natural silicates. The results indicate that differences as high as 2.4% exist in the O18/O16 ratios of the silicate oxygen contained in the rocks of the earth's crust.
Children's understanding of definite descriptions: Pragmatic inferences to the speaker's intent

Abstract Speakers use definite descriptions, a form of referential communication, in an atributive or in a referential manner. In the referential use, a speaker has some object or person in mind to refer to independently of whether that object or person fits the descriptive information in the utterance. In the attributive use, the speaker is committed to the referent as described in that the speaker is using the descriptive information to identify the referent. The speaker's use varies as a function of the context of utterance and can be determined by an inference to the speaker's intent. First (mean age = 6-6) and fourth (mean age = 9-5) grade children and college adults were read short paragraphs containing a definite description preceded by a description of the context of utterance. The results showed that the children as well as the adults interpreted the definite descriptions in a contextually sensitive manner and inferred the speaker's intent in making the utterance. These results are compared with the results of other referential communication tasks.
Intellectual differences in relation to personal and family handedness

Right, mixed and left-handed college students were given the complete WAIS, and a series of cognitive factor tests. Results showed left- and mixed-handed individuals to have a significantly lower f...
Operations Research Capstone Course: A Project-Based Process of Discovery and Application

The U.S. Air Force Academy offers an interdisciplinary undergraduate program in Operations Research OR. Our “OR-affiliated” faculty includes members from the Departments of Mathematical Sciences, Management, Computer Science, and Economics and Geography. The OR capstone course comes in the students final semester and is a highlight of their academic experience. The course evolved from a case study-driven course to one in which students serve as OR consultants for a variety of clients in the Air Force and Colorado Springs communities. In addition to the outstanding educational experience for the students, this course provides a valuable service to our community. In this paper, we discuss how we introduce our students to an OR consulting process through our teaching, guidance, and evaluation. We offer several recent success stories from the course and provide the reader with two spreadsheet-based mini-cases derived from those projects.
Charge-transfer mechanism for cytochrome c adsorbed on nanometer thick films. Distinguishing frictional control from conformational gating.

Using nanometer thick tunneling barriers with specifically attached cytochrome c, the electron-transfer rate constant was studied as a function of the SAM composition (alkane versus terthiophene), the ω-terminating group type (pyridine, imidazole, nitrile), and the solution viscosity. At large electrode−reactant separations, the pyridine terminated alkanethiols exhibit an exponential decline of the rate constant with increasing electron-transfer distance. At short separations, a plateau behavior, analogous to systems involving −COOH terminal groups to which cytochrome c can be attached electrostatically, is observed. The dependence of the rate constant in the plateau region on system properties is investigated. The rate constant is insensitive to the mode of attachment to the surface but displays a significant viscosity dependence, change with spacer composition (alkane versus terthiophene), and nature of the solvent (H2O versus D2O). Based on these findings and others, the conclusion is drawn that the ch...
Does central venous pressure accurately reflect hemodynamic and fluid volume patterns in the critical surgical patient

Summary Pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures more accurately reflect left ventricular function than do central venous pressures. In more than 200 patients, we found that monitoring of hemodynamics via right heart catheterization with the Swan-Ganz catheter is superior to central venous pressure monitoring. All critical surgical patients admitted to our Shock/Trauma Unit are routinely monitored by means of this catheter.
CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NITRATE TRANSPORTER GENES FROM THE DIATOM CYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS

We have cloned and characterized the first nitrate transporter genes in a marine organism, from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis. A cDNA clone and two genomic sequences, NAT1 and NAT2, were isolated. The sequences were highly conserved, with only 9 out of 484 amino acids differing. At least four copies of NAT genes were present in C. fusiformis, and multiple copies were present in other diatom species. NAT transcript abundance was high in cultures grown in the presence of nitrate, at nearly the same level during nitrogen starvation, and also high in urea-grown cultures. Lower mRNA levels occurred in nitrite-grown cultures. Transcript levels were highly repressed with NH4Cl or NH4NO3 as the nitrogen source, although very low amounts were detected. NAT mRNA levels were not directly regulated by light or dark. NAT mRNA levels varied, suggesting that nitrate uptake was not continuous, during progression through the cell cycle. The results suggest that transcriptional control contributes significantly to the overall control of nitrate uptake in C. fusiformis. The cloning of the nitrate transporter genes provides a new tool for investigating diatom nitrogen uptake and metabolism. In addition, the regulation of NAT expression by nitrogen source is likely to be useful in developing techniques to specifically control the expression of genes fused to NATregulatory sequences in transgenic diatoms.
Status of SERT II spacecraft and ion thrusters, 1978

The historical record of the SERT 2 spacecraft and ion thruster systems for 8 years since the February 1970 launch is reviewed. The original SERT 2 mission, one year duration, was planned with the spacecraft in a continuous sunlight orbit to provide continuous solar power. An extended mission, using intermittent power available from an earth shadowed orbit was performed during the past 5 years while waiting for the orbit to change again to continuous sunlight in early 1979. Continuous thruster testing is planned in 1979. Both spacecraft and ion thruster systems are near-fully functional when the solar array is illuminated. Thruster system 2 is fully operational. Thruster system 1 continues to demonstrate relight capability, but the high-voltage-grid short remains.
Price adjustment in an economy with Markov disturbance

Abstract Suppose prices p are adjusted in accordance with excess demand z by Δp = k 1 z . We determine the optimal constant k 1 given that demand is the sum of a linear function of price and a Markov disturbance. Supply is fixed.
Vacuum insulation on the moon

This paper presents recent concepts and analysis on vacuum insulation issues in the lunar environment, including dust initiated breakdown, thermal management, gas contamination, and solar radiation effects.
Survey of investigations into the dynamic behavior of mechanisms containing links with distributed mass and elasticity

Abstract A survey of the literature which describes the dynamic behavior of mechanism links with continuously distributed mass and elasticity is presented. Special attention is paid to the derivations, solutions, and numerical results of the various authors. Selected references on other mechanism problems which also give rise to parametrically excited systems are also discussed.
Self-Esteem and Job Complexity as Moderators of Performance and Satisfaction.

Abstract Self-esteem and job complexity were investigated as moderators of self, supervisor, and peer ratings of performance and satisfaction with work, supervisors, and peers testing balance and activation theories. One hundred and fifty-three registered nurses served as subjects. Measured self-esteem was not significantly related to the performance or satisfaction measures. Rather, the important variable was perceived job complexity as predicted by Scott's activation theory. Self-ratings of performance and satisfaction with work and peers were greatest at optimal complexity with lower values at high and low complexity. Some support was found for self-esteem as a moderator of the relationship between performance and satisfaction measures in line with Korman's formulations.
A finite element analysis of small-scale yielding near a stationary crack under plane stress

Abstract A detailed finite element analysis of the monotonic loading of a stationary crack is performed under Mode I plane stress, small-scale yielding conditions. A small strain, J 2 incremental plasticity theory is employed and both elastic-perfectly plastic and power law hardening materials are considered. Some issues such as the range of dominance of the asymptotic stress and deformation fields and the amount of non-proportional loading near the crack tip, which have received wide attention in the analogous plane strain problem, are examined. Special attention is devoted to the perfectly plastic idealization by performing a separate singular finite element analysis to clarify some details about the asymptotic stress and deformation fields. The full-field numerical solution is used to simulate synthetic (optical) caustic patterns at different distances from the tip, which are compared with experimental observations and with asymptotic analytical results.
Exchange Rate Variability and the Macro-economy: Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries

Abstract Using annual data, the paper studies the time-series evidence regarding the allocation of fluctuations in the exchange rate between demand components, real growth, and price inflation in a sample of developing and advanced countries. The evidence reveals patterns of interaction between the macro-economy and exchange rate variability. Across developing countries, appreciation decreases the cost of imports and price inflation, while depreciation shrinks the output supply, indicating high dependency on imported goods. The reduction in output supply correlates with higher inflation and an increase in the import value. In contrast, the evidence of the negative effect of currency appreciation on output growth is more prevalent across advanced countries, while depreciation stimulates competitiveness, resulting in higher demand for exports, investment and consumption. Across developing countries, exchange rate variability decreases trend real growth and increases trend price inflation. Across advanced co...