cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Narrating “Made in Italy”: Brand and responsibility in Italian corporations

In this article, we examine how executives in Italian family-owned firms use their corporations’ histories to associate particular moral discourses of cultural values, responsibility, and authenticity with the “Made in Italy” brand. These links render Made in Italy a national brand – a brand representing all goods produced in Italy and an “authentic” national treasure. Through an analysis of Italian executives’ oral narratives, this article explores how collective identities are constructed in interview settings and how Made in Italy emerges through the various stances that these managers take regarding certain topics. We focus on the ways Italian executives align their corporate narratives, family histories, and brand identities with circulating ideologies on the significance of Made in Italy. By looking at how Italian managers enact Made in Italy as a national brand with collective responsibilities, this article contributes to recent research on narrative discursive practices in the corporate world.
Radioiostope production at Los Alamos National Laboratory

The Medical Radioisotope Program has been one of the more visible and successful ongoing programs at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). It has utilized the unique capabilities of the laboratory`s facilities and staff to respond to a well-recognized national need. There are hundreds of external users in industry, research institutions, the medical community, academia, and government who either purchase radioisotopes or collaborate with experts in this program. Radioisotopes are produced using the proton beam from the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). Irradiated targets are transported 4 miles from the LAMPF to the hot cell facility for chemical processing.
Partnerships for Innovation: The X-33/VentureStar

In 1996, NASA officials entered into a cooperative agreement with the Lockheed Martin Aerospace Company to build a privately owned successor to the agency’s 15-year-old space shuttle. NASA officials agreed to provide Lockheed Martin with 81% of the funds necessary to develop a flyable X-33 technology demonstrator. The company would contribute the rest. In turn, corporate executives indicated that they would use the X-33 to raise private capital for a larger VentureStar spacecraft that could fly cargo and people to low-Earth orbit and back. The effort did not succeed; NASA abandoned the program in 2001 before the X-33 could fly. This chapter recounts the events that led NASA to enter into a cooperative agreement to produce a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle, and the lessons that people in the space community learned from this early attempt to construct such a spacecraft using a public/private partnership. (Howard E. McCurdy)
Recent developments in neurobiology: Part III. Effectors of transmitter action.

Although the psychiatric literature has focused much attention on transmitters and receptors, postreceptor events within neurons also play critical roles in neurotransmission and may be the sites of action of important psychotropic drugs such as lithium. Part III of this article discusses these events.
Substrate-regulated nanoscale friction of graphene

Abstract In the present study, nanotribological measurements were performed via atomic force microscopy on Si/SiO2-supported graphene monolayers with varying oxide layer thicknesses. The observations uncovered significant discrepancies in resulting friction forces between each graphene sample. Nanoscale interfacial friction forces were observed to increase from ∼0.49 nN to ∼1.00 nN when the oxide layer thickness was increased from 90 nm to 300 nm. The findings were determined to be the result of increased phonon scattering which is responsible for the removal of the vibrational reduction of nanoscale friction. Such discrepancies in friction forces points toward the potential tunability of nanoscale friction in supported graphene.
A Digital Language Divide? The Relationship between Internet Medication Refills and Medication Adherence among Limited English Proficient (LEP) Patients

Use of an Internet portal to refill medicines positively affects medication adherence among English-speakers. No prior studies, however, have specifically examined the relationship between Internet refills and medication adherence among patients who are limited English proficient (LEP). (1) Examine the relationship between Internet medication refill system use and medication adherence among linguistically diverse patients with chronic conditions and (2) compare this relationship between LEP and English-proficient (EP) patients. We analyzed 2013–2014 cross-sectional data from 509 surveyed adults in the Group Health Cooperative. Surveys were merged with plan enrollment, claims data, and electronic medical records. Medication adherence was calculated by the “Continuous Measure of Medication Gaps” (CMG) method. For Internet refill system use, patients were asked, “Have you used the health systems Internet site to refill any medications in the last 12 months?” LEP status was captured in the electronic medical record by a non-English primary language and a claims record of interpreter use in at least one clinical encounter between 2005 and 2012. We used multivariate linear regression models to examine Internet refill system use and medication adherence and compared the association between LEP and EP patients. Three hundred eighty-four patients (75%) had a calculable CMG: 134 EP and 250 LEP in the adherence analyses. In unadjusted analyses, LEP patients had lower use of the Internet refill system (p < .001) and lower adherence versus the EP group (p < .001). In multivariate analyses, LEP status (β = − 0.022, p = .047) was negatively associated with adherence, while use of the Internet refill system (β = 0.030, p = .002) was positively associated. In stratified models, use of Internet refills was positively associated with adherence, even when examining LEP (β = 0.029, p = .003) and EP patients (β = 0.027, p = .049) separately. These findings suggest that LEP patients may be under-utilizing a beneficial Internet tool. Should our healthcare systems fail to ensure that LEP patients have full and meaningful access to Internet patient portals, we risk worsening healthcare disparities.
Syntheses and Reactions of Some Diacidobis(Ethylenediamine)-Iridium(III) Complexes

Cobalt(III) complexes of the type [Co(en)2X2]+ have long been known, and extensively investigated with regard to mechanisms of reactions in these systems.1 Some years ago it was decided to extend these studies to include analogous compounds of the other members of this triad, rhodium(III) and iridium(III). It was then learned that very few such compounds had been prepared and it was necessary to start the laborious task of the syntheses and characterizations of these desired complexes. Several salts of [Rh(en)2X2] + were prepared2 and the rates of substitution of some of these have been investigated.3
Coupling AE Monitoring with Discrete Element Fracture Models

The monitoring and analysis of acoustic emissions related to fracture can be a trade-off between the simplistic yet practical empirical relationships and the more tedious yet fundamental relationships. In an intermediate area between these extremes, we are using acoustic emissions to monitor progressive fracture energy of small specimens of clear-grained wood. The wood specimens were modeled using a statistically variable lattice to represent material heterogeneity and disorder. The central hypothesis of the work is that a microfracture event captured by AE should correspond to the fracture of lattice elements in the simulation. Furthermore, the energy of the AE event should correspond to the local fracture energy released in the lattice simulation. By coupling lattice simulations with laboratory tests, we were able to establish a ratio between the cumulative fracture energy released in the simulation with the relative energy monitored by the AE system up to peak load. The magnitude of this ratio varies with failure mode, but in all cases, the shape of the cumulative AE energy captured mirrors the shape of the cumulative lattice fracture energy released. The results allow us to better match lattice element properties with the physical microstructure that the lattice elements are meant to represent.
Globalization, Regional Economic Policy and Research

While the case for increasing the degree of integration in the world economy is strong (e.g., Sen 1999; Irwin 2002; Bhagwati 2004), it is based on the notion of net benefits.1 Workers, industries and places absorb trade-related gains and losses differently and must adjust to greater or lesser degrees to the liberalizing international economic environment. Because of the high degree of industrial specialization and concentration in the space economy, some states and regions’ potential losses are greater than their gains, at least in the short- to medium-run. While the losses seem eminently visible—evidenced in bankruptcies, closed factories, and unemployment lines—the benefits are typically diffuse. It still the case that net gains are not a fait accompli, despite a high degree of confidence in the net positives of trade within mainstream economics (Samuelson 2004). Moreover, core-periphery and cumulative causation theories and findings suggest that there are circumstances in which opening regions to import competition can exacerbate regional income inequalities (Venables 1998; Fujita and Hu 2001; Meardon 2001; Hu 2002; Mansori 2003).2 The differential regional impacts of globalization are therefore important and need to be fully understood, along with the aggregate economic benefits. Also requiring careful thought is what local strategies, if any, are necessary to maximize the benefits of globalization for regional businesses and workers. In a globalizing world of scarce public sector resources, what is the appropriate subnational economic policy response?
Social Media and the Workplace: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Privacy Settings and the NLRB

Social media has permeated every aspect of society. The use of social media can easily lead to issues in an employment law context when employees suffer adverse employment actions based on the information they choose to share via their personal social media websites. Today’s laws concerning online privacy are in a nebulous state and have led some observers to suggest that employees who use social media may not find adequate legal protection from wrongful termination. This Note refutes this contention by analyzing current laws that may protect employees from adverse employment actions due to their use of social media. This Note also addresses the recent memoranda released by the National Labor Relations Board regarding employee social media use in an attempt to distill some concrete categories of protected employee conduct. Finally, this Note addresses and dismisses suggested alternatives to the current laws, including drafting new legislation, broadening the impact of lifestyle discrimination statutes, and broadening the scope of the Fourth Amendment through the elimination of the Third Party Doctrine. INTRODUCTION 480 I. SURVEY OF PROTECTIONS FOR EMPLOYEE SOCIAL MEDIA USE 483 A. Protection Against Discriminatory Hiring 483 B. Public Employees’ First Amendment Protection 485 C. Private Employees’ National Labor Relations Act Protection 486 D. Potential Protections of the Stored Communications Act 489 E. Protection of Employee Privacy 492 1. Social Networking Online Protection Act 492 2. Invasion of Privacy Tort Action 493 ∗ J.D. Candidate, 2014, University of Florida Levin College of Law. My sincerest thanks to Professor Lyrissa Lidsky for her advice and guidance on this area of law. I would also like to acknowledge my friends and colleagues of the Florida Law Review; it has been an honor to work with you all. Finally, a very special thank you to editor in chief Clark S. Splichal for his tantric-like patience with me. 1 Carlson: Social Media and the Workplace: How I Learned to Stop Worrying an Published by UF Law Scholarship Repository, 480 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 66 II. THE NLRB PROVIDES AMPLE PROTECTION TO PRIVATE EMPLOYEES 495 A. A Closer Look at “Concerted Activities” 495 1. Terms and Conditions 497 2. Evidence of Concert 497 3. Criticism of Coworkers 499 4. “Opprobrious Conduct” and Other Unprotected Behavior 500 B. NLRB Regulation of Social Media Policies 501 III. ADDITIONAL EMPLOYEE PROTECTIONS ARE UNNECESSARY WHEN EMPLOYEES ARE CONSCIENTIOUS ABOUT ENABLING PRIVACY SETTINGS 503 A. Amending or Adopting Lifestyle Discrimination Statutes Is an Impractical Solution 503 B. Broadening the Scope of the Fourth Amendment for Public Employees Is Unwarranted 507 CONCLUSION 509
What Sunday brunch can teach us about system design

Most undergraduates enter Software Engineering unprepared to be good designers of object-oriented systems. Traditional curricula fall short by avoiding the subject of system design altogether or by just giving students a semester-long project and letting them figure design out on their own. One way to solve this problem is to teach system design principles using active learning by having students realize designs for systems that are very familiar to them. This paper walks through how this is done by focusing on using restaurants as example systems.
Exploring the Concept of ‘Habitus’ with Preservice Teachers Through the Use of Popular School Films

The thesis of this paper is that it is a productive venture to introduce preservice students to social theories that are typically not a part of teacher preparation programs. Examples of these theories are those associated with terms such as “habitus,” the “carnivalesque,” “power / knowledge,” “seduction,” “detournement,” “the spectacle,”“la perruque,” (the wig), and “the art of making do,”as well as others. In this paper, I describe a project that involved exploring the theory of “habitus” to problematize the tendency of preservice students to not think in terms of relations between what goes on in the classroom and what goes on in society. I introduced “habitus” by having preservice students read selected print materials and by having them view, analyze, and respond in writing to popular school films. Students also analyzed their experiences in classrooms in terms of habitus, making a connection between theory and practice.
Robust Identification of Time-Invariant Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models of Graphene Batteries

This paper presents results of a study of recursive techniques for robust identification of time-invariant electrical equivalent circuit models on graphene batteries. An indirect discrete time technique is studied here. The results of this study indicate indirect discrete time technique is robust for identification of time-invariant circuit models from clean voltage-current data. Similar conclusions can also be drawn for identification of equivalent circuit models in the presence of noise.
Mixed methods study: a one-week international service project enhances healthcare competencies

Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies are widely accepted as a guide to prepare healthcare professionals. Two competency domains, values/ethics and roles and responsibi...
Poly-ADP-ribosyl-polymerase inhibitor resistance mechanisms and their therapeutic implications

Purpose of reviewPoly-ADP-ribosyl-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are an increasingly-utilized therapy in women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, but tumor resistance to PARP inhibitor monotherapy is inevitable.Recent findingsPARP inhibitors have been most studied in patients with breast and ov
Understanding technology adoption by orthodontists: A qualitative study

Introduction Orthodontics is evolving with advances in 3D imaging, additive fabrication, digital scanning, and treatment planning. With digital tools, orthodontic treatment may become more predictable, efficient, and effective while reducing side-effects. These technologies are affecting patient care, but knowledge of their adoption patterns and influence is incomplete. We aimed to identify adoption decision makers, information sources, perspectives, incentives, and barriers. Methods Twenty-four privately practicing orthodontists were interviewed in a semistructured format following a topic guide. Interview transcripts were analyzed to identify factors in technology adoption and its perceived influence on practice. Thematic patterns were established through iterative systematic analysis, and qualitative validity was ensured with researcher triangulation. Results Qualitative interviews revealed that orthodontists make purchasing decisions independently from staff, after consulting other dentists and company representatives. Meetings, residency training, and continuing education courses are influential information sources, whereas research literature is not. Early and middle adopters are integrating digital imaging, planning, and fabrication technologies into practice and view enhanced ease of use, capabilities, performance, and procedural efficiency as primary incentives to adoption. Improving outcomes and patient comfort are not frequently cited as incentives, and all interviewees view cost as the largest barrier. Orthodontists positively perceive the influence of technology on their practices, but are concerned that further innovation and direct-to-consumer products will cause loss of market share. Conclusions CAD/CAM appliances, 3D imaging, and digital treatment planning are viewed as future standards of care and are increasingly being incorporated into the orthodontic office. Understanding the technology adoption process can guide innovation to improve treatment and ease the transition into a digital workflow.
Statistical analysis of deaths among diabetics in the District of Columbia for a period of 42 years, 1903-1944 inclusive.

A comparative study of two five year periods 1903–1907 and 1940–1944 of the deaths from diabetes or where diabetes is recorded on the death certificate is presented as a preliminary study. The entire study of death certificates recording diabetes from 1903 to 1944 inclusive will be published at a later date.
Co-Registration of MRI and Autoradiography of Rat Brain in Three-Dimensions Following Automatic Reconstruction of 2D Data Set

Brain images obtained in 2DG-autoradiography have been reconstructed into 3D volumes for the purpose of accurate three dimensional registration with MRI data to obtain spatially registered, histologic “truth” data. Modalities were chosen to closely model the current clinical interest in correlation of MRI and FDG-PET imaging. An automatic 2D-registration algorithm that takes into account variations in sample orientation and shearing has been developed for accurate alignment of brain slices. It uses a multivariate optimization algorithm on the peak correlation between the gradient filtered autoradiograph image and the corresponding video image of the specimen’s block face. Registration of the reconstructed 2DG-autoradiography volume data with 3D reconstructed in vivo multislice MRI of rat brains was accomplished with a 3D registration algorithm utilizing user identified homologous feature pairs consisting of points, line segments, and planar patches.
Behavioral weather insurance: Applying cumulative prospect theory to agricultural insurance design under narrow framing.

Experience across many countries shows that, without large premium subsidies, crop insurance uptake rates are generally low. In this article, we propose to use the cumulative prospect theory to design weather insurance products for situations in which farmers frame insurance narrowly as a stand-alone investment. To this end, we introduce what we call “behavioral weather insurance” whereby insurance contract parameters are adjusted to correspond more closely with farmers’ preferences. Depending on farmers’ preferences, we find that a stochastic multiyear premium increases the prospect value of weather insurance, while a zero deductible design does not. We suggest that insurance contracts should be tailored precisely to serve farmers’ needs. This offers potential benefits for both the insurer and the insured.
Nutrition Support Team Oversight and Appropriateness of Parenteral Nutrition in Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review

Inappropriate parenteral nutrition (PN) administration often occurs in hospitalized patients, increasing the risk of complications. Nutrition support teams (NSTs) regulate and approve PN use in some hospitals. This systematic review examined whether appropriateness of PN use in hospitalized adult patients increased under NST oversight. Ten databases were searched systematically to select studies from 2004 to 2020 that analyzed appropriateness of PN use in adult hospitalized patients under NST oversight. Studies were included if appropriateness of PN was examined and NSTs were involved in PN orders or recommendations. Studies were evaluated using the Quality Criteria Checklist from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library. Nine studies were included in the final analysis. One received a positive rating on the quality checklist, whereas 8 received a neutral rating. Inappropriate PN use varied from 4.3% to 18%. Two studies compared PN use between multiple hospitals, both with and without NSTs. Two compared appropriateness before and after NST implementation, whereas another 2 studies compared it before and after NST restructuring. Three studies examined appropriateness of PN with NST oversight at a single facility with no control group. Overall, NSTs were associated with decreased incidence of inappropriate PN use. No studies were randomized, and several did not describe demographics between groups. Although NSTs appear to decrease inappropriate PN use, the results are limited because of study design or reporting. Future studies should monitor and evaluate clinical outcomes, such as mortality, and utilize more rigorous methodologies.
Observing Light and Catching Reflections: Experiential Environmentally Centered Art Historical Practice Inside and Outside the Classroom

This case study provides a synopsis of the redesign of an undergraduate art history course, Art and the Environment. Overall, course content focused on the concept of landscape, its representation in art from the Renaissance through the nineteenth century, the experiential nature of Land Art in the twentieth century, and the emerging practices of ecologically oriented art. Specifically, this essay summarizes a series of interconnected high-impact learning projects partnered with traditional lectures, including: a documentary film screening, nature observation, use of a Claude glass, photographic documentation, writing, and exhibition design. The redesigned course fostered greater awareness of the natural world and expanded the boundaries of what it means to study art history while offering students richer, more meaningful educational experiences.
From the “Horseshoe of Slums” to Colonias Proletarias: The Transformation of Mexico City’s “Housing Problem”, 1930–1960

Der Aufsatz untersucht Mexico City’s „Wohnungsproblem“ zwischen 1930 und 1960 aus der Sicht von Wohnungsexperten. In den 1930er Jahren begriffen Architekten und Planer Mexico City im Sinne der nordatlantischen Kategorien eines Ernest Burgess als ein Modell konzentrischer Zonen. Entsprechend interpretierten sie zentrale Slum-Bezirke als drangendstes Wohnungsproblem. Diese Sicht verschleierte jedoch den Blick auf eine wichtige urbane Veranderung, die Entstehung „informeller“ Wohnbezirke in den Peripherien, und auf die Tatsache, dass sich diese entgegen der damaligen Erwartung positiv entwickelten. Untersucht werden Netzwerke von Architekten, Planern und Okonomen in Mexiko und im pan-amerikanischen Kontext. Innerhalb von zwei Jahrzehnten mutierten periphere Siedlungen von unsichtbaren Raumen und temporaren Quartieren zu praktikablen Losungen des„Wohnungsproblems“.
Exploiting Client Inference in Multipath TCP Over Multiple Cellular Networks

In this article, we present a client-based multipath TCP (cMPTCP) framework that can cope with path heterogeneity across multiple LTE networks deployed by different operators. cMPTCP is the first work to apply the mobile client's inference based on our observation that an out-of-order queue in an MPTCP receiver (i.e., mobile client) builds up with increasing heterogeneity between different subflows and can significantly degrade throughput performance compared to that achieved by single-path TCP via the best path. For agile and accurate control for the existing MPTCP architecture, we argue that mobile clients are the best network entities to infer the bottleneck state of an end-to-end MPTCP connection. Our proposed cMPTCP consists of two main components: client-initiated multipath selection and subflow-level rate control mechanisms. These mechanisms are compatible with the default MPTCP architecture implemented in the Linux kernel. For performance evaluation, we prototype a complete LTE network testbed consisting of mobile phones, LTE base stations, LTE cores, and application servers. Our experimental results confirm that cMPTCP outperforms existing server-side schedulers in practical dynamic channel conditions.
Grünbaum über Freud: Drei Gründe, warum wir anderer Meinung sind

Grunbaum erzahlt eine Geschichte uber das Wesen des klinischen Beweises in der Psychoanalyse. Die Moral dieser Geschichte ist, das das Ausmas an Nachsicht, das erforderlich ist, um die Argumente fur die Freudsche Theorie akzeptieren zu konnen, die geistige Reserve erschopfen und eine allgemeine Herabsetzung wissenschaftlicher Normen erzwingen wurde. Wir mochten auf 3 Aspekte dieser Geschichte hinweisen, die darauf hindeuten, das sie eher fiktiv als real ist.
A Gateway Website that Provides Earth-System-Science Internet Activities to K-12 Teachers

Wright State University's Department of Geological Sciences has developed a K-12 outreach website that links over one hundred and fifty exemplary earth- and space-science learning and dataresource sites through activity pages on one URL (http://geology.wright.edu//geology/kl2/K-12.html). The site was developed to meet the needs of classroom teachers in Ohio and elsewhere for standards-based, interactive, interdisciplinary earth- and space-science activities. Many activities designed for use at the middle-school and junior-high levels use near real-time data. Each hyperlinked site is tied to the K-12 outreach website through an activity page that provides implementation suggestions to the classroom teacher and correlates each activity with the appropriate national science-education standards and the learning outcomes of the science section of the Ohio Proficiency Test. Demonstrating proficiency in science processes and applications has recently been mandated by the Ohio legislature as a requirement for hig...
Native plants and nitrogen in agricultural landscapes of New Zealand

The Canterbury Plains of the South Island, New Zealand are being converted to intensive dairy farming; native vegetation now occupies < 0.5 % of the area. Reintroducing native species into nutrient-rich systems could provide economic, environmental and ecological benefits. However, native species are adapted to low nitrogen (N) environments. We aimed to determine the growth and N-uptake response of selected native species to elevated soil N loadings and elucidate the effect of these plants on the N speciation in soil. Plant growth, N-uptake, and N speciation in rhizosphere soil of selected native species and Lolium perenne (ryegrass, as reference) were measured in greenhouse and field trials. At restoration sites, several native species had similar foliar N concentrations to ryegrass. Deciduous (and N-fixing) species had highest concentrations. There was significant inter-species variation in soil mineral N concentrations in native plant rhizospheres, differing substantially to the ryegrass root-zone. Pot trials revealed that native species tolerated high N-loadings, although there was a negligible growth response. Among the native plants, monocot species assimilated most N. However, total N assimilation by ryegrass would exceed native species at field productivity rates. Selected native plant species could contribute to the sustainable management of N in intensive agricultural landscapes.
Using Narrative Techniques to Enhance Multicultural Practice

Social Work educators can help students to develop greater sensitivity to the themes and issues arising in their practice with clients from other cultures through reflective examination of the stories people tell about themselves and others. Narrative analysis is based on the theory of social constructivism and provides a framework for understanding patterns of meaning as seen in life histories, case studies, and biographical materials. Its use in teaching social work practice stimulates greater awareness of shared values and strengthens students’ preparation for professional practice in multicultural communities.
A note on the U, V method of estimation ∗

The U, V method of estimation provides unbiased estimators or predictors of random quantities. The method was introduced by Robbins (3) and subsequently studied in a series of papers by Robbins and Zhang. (See Zhang (5).) Practical applications of the method are featured in these papers. We demonstrate that for one U function (one for which there is an important application) the V estimator is inadmissible for a wide class of loss functions. For another important U function the V estimator is admissible for the squared error loss function.
The Full Imago Dei

Abstract A desire to eliminate suffering leads many contemporary bioethicists to argue that pregnancy should be terminated when an embryo has been determined to have a genetic condition that could lead to a cognitive disability. This paper demonstrates that the practice of terminating pregnancy in these circumstances is a particular instantiation of the operation of what Michel Foucault has identified as bio-power, which works implicitly through practices such as this one to establish a normative vision of the human person and a corresponding definition of disability. The operation of biopower undermines this practice's internal goals: Rather than expanding choice and eliminating suffering, this practice increases the suffering and limits the choices of families with disabilities. John Wesley's account of scriptural holiness provides a resource for establishing an understanding of personhood that effectively counters the workings of biopower in decision-making regarding disabilities and prenatal testing, ...
Psychological development of children who received intrauterine transfusions

The intellectual, visual-motor, and social development of 15 children, 3 to 10 years of age, who received IUT for eythroblastosis fetalis was compared with that of 15 children of similar age who had required only exchange transfusions for the treatment of the same disorder. No over-all differences were found between the two groups or between the groups and the normal population. In comparison with normal population, recipients of IUT have above average IQ's and normal development in visual-motor integration and adaptive behavior.
Immunology and Infection in Space

This article on alterations of immune responses in space travel is intended to provide a review of the background and rationale for the hypothesis that immune function of humans on long-term space flight missions will be sufficiently altered that immune compromise occurs, thus rendering astronauts subject to opportunistic infections, particularly activation of latent viruses and the development of malignancies. The article reviews published information on the evidence of immune compromise in humans and animals flown in space and in human and animal earth-bound models of spaceflight. These alterations in immune function are discussed in the context of model secondary immunodeficiency states where external forces predispose humans to repetitive infection, debilitation, and cancer. An attempt will be made to quantitate the degree of immune impairment observed in space travelers and earth-bound equivalent model subjects and to predict what the astronauts on the Mars Mission might experience in terms of the occurrence of reactivated viral infections and the development of malignancy. Because this article includes many technical terms that may not be familiar to the reader, a glossary of immunological terms is included. Keywords: altered immunity; human space travelers; ground-based models; space flown animals; rodent model; human immunodeficiency; risk assessment; countermeasures
Foreigner objectification, cultural assets, and psychological adjustment in Asian American college students.

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2013. Major:Psychology. Advisor: Richard M. Lee, PhD. 1 computer file (PDF); vii,150 pages, appendix A.
Spatial diversity equalization for underwater acoustic communications

Spatial diversity equalization (SDE) using a vertical receive array and a joint space-time equalization criterion are applied to minimize intersymbol interference (ISI). An ocean acoustic model is used, and the parabolic wave equation is solved to find the acoustic channel impulse response. Mean square error and probability of symbol error are computed for a variety of system parameters and indicate the advantages of SDE. >
Pharmacological Alternatives to Psychostimulants for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Alternatives to psychostimulants are now a routine part of the pharmacologic treatment of ADHD. Bupropion and most tricyclic antidepressants are sound options for managing core behavioral symptoms and, to some extent, cognitive symptoms. Alpha2 adrenergic agonists can moderately reduce hyperactivity and impul-sivity. Certain effective agents, such as desipramine, carbamazep-ine, neuroleptics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, are clinically inadvisable in most cases. Lithium, benzodiazepines, antihista-minic sedatives, and buspirone are potentially detrimental. Venla-faxine and beta-adrenergic blockers seem potentially promising. Significant new options include norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as reboxetine and tomoxetine, and possibly selective dopamine agonists. Central anticholinesterases, such as donepe-zil, may improve core ADHD symptoms and perhaps some associated features that psychostimulants do not—particularly organizational capacity and possibly other executive functions. The potential for bupropion to treat amotivational features should be investigated.
Association of suboptimal prescribing and change in lower extremity physical function over time

Background: Previous studies have found inconsistent links between suboptimal prescribing and negative patient outcomes. While suboptimal prescribing consists of multiple components
Partition functions and physical states in two-dimensional quantum gravity and supergravity

We review the Liouville theory calculation of the genus-one path integral for c ⩽ 1 conformal models coupled to two-dimensional gravity. From the modular integrand we derive the existence of an infinite number of physical operators which are in one-to-one correspondence with the conformal primary fields and null states of the matter theory. We also calculate the torus path integral and find the spectrum of physical operators for c ⩽ 1 superconformal models coupled to supergravity. The amplitude in the odd spin structure requires a special treatment and is found to be proportional to the Witten index of the matter theory.
Growth hormone and IGF-I stimulate cell function in distinct zones of the rat epiphyseal growth plate

Proliferation and maturation of growth plate chondrocytes are primarily responsible for linear bone elongation, although the exact mechanisms involved have not been fully characterized. We have used discrete chondrocyte populations to address the mode of growth hormone (GH) action on the growth plate. Low doses of GH, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) preferentially enhanced cell proliferation in proliferative zone chondrocytes; the mitogenic response of immature proliferative and resting zone cells was minimal. Proliferation was not enhanced by combining the effects of GH and IGF-I. Exposure to IGF-I increased IGF-I mRNA in resting zone cells. Both GH and IGF-I stimulated the accumulation of IGF-I receptor mRNA in the most immature proliferative zone cells but did not alter the accumulation of IGF-binding protein 4 mRNA in any fraction. These results confirm a direct effect of GH on growth plate chondrocytes and suggest that GH preferentially acts on the actively proliferating chondrocytes.
Incidence, risk factors, and mortality from pneumonia developing late after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The incidence, etiology, outcome, and risk factors for developing pneumonia late after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) were investigated in 1359 patients transplanted in Seattle. A total of 341 patients (25% of the cohort) developed at least one pneumonic episode. No microbial or tissue diagnosis (ie clinical pneumonia) was established in 197 patients (58% of first pneumonia cases). Among the remaining 144 patients, established etiologies included 33 viral (10%), 31 bacterial (9%), 25 idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS, 7%), 20 multiple organisms (6%), 19 fungal (6%), and 16 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) (5%). The overall cumulative incidence of first pneumonia at 4 years after discharge home was 31%. The cumulative incidences of pneumonia according to donor type at 1 and 4 years after discharge home were 13 and 18% (autologous/syngeneic), 22 and 34% (HLA-matched related), and 26 and 39% (mismatched related/unrelated), respectively. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with development of late pneumonia after allografting were increasing patient age (RR 0.5 for 40 years, P=0.009), donor HLA-mismatch (RR 1.6 for unrelated/mismatched related, P=0.01), and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; RR 1.5, P=0.007). Our data suggest that extension of PCP prophylaxis may be beneficial in high-risk autograft recipients. Further study of long-term anti-infective prophylaxis based on patient risk factors after SCT appear warranted.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid-induced Fat Loss Dependence on Δ6-desaturase or Cyclooxygenase

Objective: To determine whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)–induced body fat loss is dependent upon metabolism of CLA by Δ6-desaturase, cyclooxygenase, or lipoxygenase. Methods and Procedures: Mice were fed diets with or without CLA and inhibitors to either Δ6-desaturase (SC-26196), cyclooxygenase (aspirin), or lipoxygenase (nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)) for 2 weeks. Body fat percent, lean mass, fat pad weights, liver weight, and fatty acid concentrations were determined. A Δ6-desaturase index was calculated, and adipose tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) concentrations were determined to confirm enzyme inhibition. Results: Inhibition of Δ6-desaturase and cyclooxygenase were confirmed. CLA caused a loss of body fat (P < 0.001). The body fat loss was blocked (P = 0.08) by the Δ6-desaturase inhibitor at a dose that decreased (P < 0.05) the calculated index. Aspirin and NDGA had no effect on body fat and did not interact with CLA. Discussion: Inhibition of Δ6-desaturase prevented CLA from being able to cause a body fat loss. Therefore, a desaturated metabolite of CLA appears to be involved in the CLA antiobesity effect. This effect of CLA does not seem dependent upon cyclooxygenase. Because lipoxygenase activity was not blocked by NDGA, we cannot draw conclusions about its importance in mediating the antiobesity effect of CLA.
Shape-adjusted bone mineral density measurements in baboons: other factors explain primate skeletal element representation at Swartkrans

Abstract Recently, Lam et al. (J. Archaeol. Sci. (2003) in press) reviewed zooarchaeological studies of bulk bone mineral density (bulk BMD), demonstrating the degree to which several studies accurately assessed volumes at regions of interest (ROIs) on bones. It has been suggested that bulk BMD measurements obtained with a clinical computed tomography (CT) technology are preferable to those obtained with a photon densitometry (PD) technology. The basis for this suggestion comes from the unavoidable fact that (non-destructive) PD-based studies have been less precise in estimating area bounded by the periosteal envelope and entirely unable to subtract area bounded by the endosteal envelope. Here we present a new technique for shape-adjusting ROI volumes in the context of re-evaluating baboon bulk BMD data that were published in an earlier study and incorporated no shape-adjustment (J. Archaeol. Sci. 29 (2002) 883). We suggest that this new shape-adjustment method, similar to that of Stahl (J. Archaeol. Sci. 26 (1999) 1347), improves accuracy of volumetric density measurements by producing ROI volumes that are quantified similarly to CT generated ROI volumes (i.e., using a highly automated direct measurement). Correlation coefficients are higher using the shape-adjusted data probably because ROI volumes more accurately reflect the amount of bone by minimizing external air in bulk BMD calculations. While revised bulk BMD values are consistently higher than values without shape-adjustment, once shape-adjustment is incorporated, the rank order of revised baboon bulk BMD values is correlated significantly with the rank order of bovid (i.e., sheep) ROIs. Thus, intertaxonomic differences in the patterns of baboons and similarly sized bovid skeletal element representation are unlikely to be attributable to density-mediated destructive processes, since these processes would be expected to remove skeletal parts of each taxon similarly. For baboon ROIs, rank ordered bulk BMD was not correlated significantly with any of the rank ordered skeletal part frequencies in primate fossil assemblages from Swartkrans Cave (South Africa) investigated previously. Thus, intrataxonomic patterns of primate skeletal part frequency in these fossil assemblages also are not attributable to a density-mediated destructive process. We recommend that bovid bulk BMD values not be used to assess density-mediated processes in a primate assemblage, or vice versa, since correlation coefficients were not 1.0.
CHEMICALLY MEDIATED COMPETITION BETWEEN MICROBES AND ANIMALS: MICROBES AS CONSUMERS IN FOOD WEBS

Microbes are known to affect ecosystems and communities as decomposers, pathogens, and mutualists. However, they also may function as classic consumers and competitors with animals if they chemically deter larger consumers from using rich food-falls such as carrion, fruits, and seeds that can represent critical windfalls to both microbes and animals. Microbes often use chemicals (i.e., antibiotics) to compete against other microbes. Thus using chemicals against larger competitors might be expected and could redirect significant energy subsidies from upper trophic levels to the detrital pathway. When we baited traps in a coastal marine ecosystem with fresh vs. microbe-laden fish carrion, fresh carrion attracted 2.6 times as many animals per trap as microbe-laden carrion. This resulted from fresh carrion being found more frequently and from attracting more animals when found. Microbe-laden carrion was four times more likely to be uncolonized by large consumers than was fresh carrion. In the lab, the most common animal found in our traps (the stone crab Menippe mercenaria) ate fresh carrion 2.4 times more frequently than microbe-laden carrion. Bacteria-removal experiments and feeding bioassays using organic extracts of microbe-laden carrion showed that bacteria produced noxious chemicals that deterred animal consumers. Thus bacteria compete with large animal scavengers by rendering carcasses chemically repugnant. Because food-fall resources such as carrion are major food subsidies in many ecosystems, chemically mediated competition between microbes and animals could be an important, common, but underappreciated interaction within many communities.
Doubly-corrugated spoof-insulator-spoof waveguides

We explore guided modes in metallic "spoof-insulator-spoof" (SIS) waveguides: parallel plate structures with subwavelength corrugation on the surfaces of both conductors. A dispersion relation for SIS waveguides is analytically obtained. The modes in the structure arise from the coupling of conventional parallel plate waveguide modes with the localized modes of the grooves. SIS waveguides can be engineered to guide modes with low group velocities and SIS tapers can be used to convert light between photonic modes and plasmonic ones.
A high pressure xenon gamma-ray spectrometer using a coplanar anode configuration

Abstract A new design of a high pressure xenon ionization chamber has been fabricated in an attempt to eliminate the problems associated with acoustical vibrations of the Frisch grid. The function of the traditional Frisch grid has been accomplished by employing a coplanar anode system capable of single polarity charge sensing. Two different detector designs have been fabricated using both cylindrical and parallel plate geometries. Each is filled with highly purified xenon gas at a pressure of approximately 57 atm . The designs of these new spectrometers and their measured characteristics will be presented.
Dangers of PSI

PSI (personalized system of instruction) has produced very significant changes in classroom instruction in higher education. A great deal of research evaluating PSI and its component parts has been generated. Study questions and proctors are two essential features of the system. This paper raises concerns regarding both of these features.
Long-range pair correlation and its role in small-angle scattering from fractal clusters.

The short- and long-range structures of computer-grown random-mass fractal clusters are described using exponential, Gaussian, and two different power-law pair-correlation functions. For all of the correlation functions the short-range structure is determined by the fractal dimension D and the long-range structure is expressed with a size parameter. One power correlation function has an additional shape parameter. Closed-form expressions are derived for the small-angle x-ray scattering for each of the four correlation functions. Clusters are grown using diffusion-limited-aggregation, Eden, dielectric-breakdown (DBM), ballistic, and random-polymer models. The Debye sum is used to calculate the small-angle scattering for each cluster. The parameters in the correlation functions are adjusted to provide the best fit to the Debye-sum scattering. The power laws reproduce the short- and long-range structural information much more accurately than the exponential or Gaussian models, which lack definitive size cutoffs and fractal scaling at intermediate- and long-range distances. In many cases the two-parameter power function produces fits that are as good as those with a third parameter. This indicates that the long-range shape parameter in the three-parameter power correlation function is simply related to the fractal dimension. The power fits accurately give the fractal dimensions and the radii of gyration for the clusters. Expressions are derived for the Guinier and the fractal-region scattering for each correlation function. Asymptotic formulas are used to explain large-q (fractal-region) scattering intensity that varies as ${\mathit{q}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\nu}}$, where 1\ensuremath{\le}4. It is shown for D=2 systems that the fractal scattering is independent of the size and shape parameters. The extensions of this work to the scattering by multifractals are discussed. An efficient method is also presented to calculate large DBM clusters with noninteger growth exponents.