cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Poisoned Apple

Abstract Although, in the clinical literature, jealousy and envy are regarded as common reactions in stepfamilies, there has been little examination of this phenomenon. This article provides a qualitative analysis of forty-two stepmothers who experienced jealousy and/or envy in their stepfamilies. The stepmothers were more likely to feel jealous than envious and this occurred when they felt second best, like outsiders, or were drawn into competitive relationships. Their jealousy seemed to be a response to feeling-and being-powerless and disregarded within relationships. Although their experience of jealousy differed markedly from the way stepmothers are portrayed in fairy tales, many felt silenced by the image of the wicked stepmother, and some saw themselves as wicked, particularly if they were jealous of their stepchildren.
An algorithm for predicting nonorgan confined prostate cancer using the results obtained from sextant core biopsies with prostate specific antigen level.

AbstractPurpose: We determined the enhanced ability to predict nonorgan confined prostate cancer using several histopathological and quantitative nuclear imaging parameters combined with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA).Materials and Methods: Several independent pathological and quantitative image analysis variables obtained from sextant biopsy specimens, as well as preoperative PSA were used. The study population included 210 patients with pathologically staged disease (192 with PSA). All variables were examined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess ability to predict disease organ confinement status.Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, in decreasing order, quantitative nuclear grade, preoperative PSA, total percent tumor involvement, number of positive sextant cores, preoperative Gleason score and involvement of more than 5 percent of a base and/or apex biopsy were significant (p less than or equal 0.006) for prediction of disease organ...
The expanding functions of cellular helicases: the tombusvirus RNA replication enhancer co-opts the plant eIF4AIII-like AtRH2 and the DDX5-like AtRH5 DEAD-box RNA helicases to promote viral asymmetric RNA replication.

Replication of plus-strand RNA viruses depends on recruited host factors that aid several critical steps during replication. Several of the co-opted host factors bind to the viral RNA, which plays multiple roles, including mRNA function, as an assembly platform for the viral replicase (VRC), template for RNA synthesis, and encapsidation during infection. It is likely that remodeling of the viral RNAs and RNA-protein complexes during the switch from one step to another requires RNA helicases. In this paper, we have discovered a second group of cellular RNA helicases, including the eIF4AIII-like yeast Fal1p and the DDX5-like Dbp3p and the orthologous plant AtRH2 and AtRH5 DEAD box helicases, which are co-opted by tombusviruses. Unlike the previously characterized DDX3-like AtRH20/Ded1p helicases that bind to the 3′ terminal promoter region in the viral minus-strand (−)RNA, the other class of eIF4AIII-like RNA helicases bind to a different cis-acting element, namely the 5′ proximal RIII(−) replication enhancer (REN) element in the TBSV (−)RNA. We show that the binding of AtRH2 and AtRH5 helicases to the TBSV (−)RNA could unwind the dsRNA structure within the RIII(−) REN. This unique characteristic allows the eIF4AIII-like helicases to perform novel pro-viral functions involving the RIII(−) REN in stimulation of plus-strand (+)RNA synthesis. We also show that AtRH2 and AtRH5 helicases are components of the tombusvirus VRCs based on co-purification experiments. We propose that eIF4AIII-like helicases destabilize dsRNA replication intermediate within the RIII(−) REN that promotes bringing the 5′ and 3′ terminal (−)RNA sequences in close vicinity via long-range RNA-RNA base pairing. This newly formed RNA structure promoted by eIF4AIII helicase together with AtRH20 helicase might facilitate the recycling of the viral replicases for multiple rounds of (+)-strand synthesis, thus resulting in asymmetrical viral replication.
Discretization of stochastic differential equations and econometric forecasting: An application to time-varying autoregressions

Continuous time versions of time varying Vector Autoregressions are stochastic differential equations. Optimal discretization of Stochastic Differential Equations cannot be obtained by replacing all differentials by the corresponding first differences. In this paper we obtain the optimal discretization for time varying VARS. The results are applied to predicting the consumer price index.
Expression of the Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 tRNA(Glu) gene provides tRNA for protein and chlorophyll biosynthesis.

Abstract In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (Synechocystis 6803) delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), the sole precursor for the synthesis of the porphyrin rings of heme and chlorophyll, is formed from glutamate activated by acylation to tRNA(Glu) (G. P. O'Neill, D. M. Peterson, A. Schon, M. W. Chen, and D. Soll, J. Bacteriol. 170:3810-3816, 1988; S. Rieble and S. I. Beale, J. Biol. Chem. 263:8864-8871, 1988). We report here that Synechocystis 6803 possesses a single tRNA(Glu) gene which was transcribed as monomeric precursor tRNA and matured into the two tRNA(Glu) species. They differed in the extent of modification of the first anticodon base, 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (O'Neill et al., 1988). The two tRNA species had equivalent capacities to stimulate the tRNA-dependent formation of ALA in Synechocystis 6803 and to provide glutamate for protein biosynthesis in an Escherichia coli-derived translation system. These results are in support of a dual role of tRNA(Glu). The levels of tRNA(Glu) were examined by Northern (RNA) blot analysis of cellular RNA and by aminoacylation assays in cultures of Synechocystis 6803 in which the amount of chlorophyll synthesized was modulated over a 10-fold range by various illumination regimens or by the addition of inhibitors of chlorophyll and ALA biosynthesis. In these cultures, the level of tRNA(Glu) was always a constant fraction of the total tRNA population, suggesting that tRNA(Glu) and chlorophyll levels are regulated independently. In addition, the tRNA(Glu) was always fully aminoacylated in vivo.
Near-field direct antenna modulation

NFDAM systems provide a unique solution for transmitting highly secured direction-dependent data and hence preventing eavesdroppers from properly demodulating the signal. A 60-GHz proof-of-concept chip was designed and measured.
Positive Selection within a Diatom Species Acts on Putative Protein Interactions and Transcriptional Regulation

Diatoms are the most species-rich group of microalgae, and their contribution to marine primary production is important on a global scale. Diatoms can form dense blooms through rapid asexual reproduction; mutations acquired and propagated during blooms likely provide the genetic, and thus phenotypic, variability upon which natural selection may act. Positive selection was tested using genome and transcriptome-wide pair-wise comparisons of homologs in three genera of diatoms (Pseudo-nitzschia, Ditylum, and Thalassiosira) that represent decreasing phylogenetic distances. The signal of positive selection was greatest between two strains of Thalassiosira pseudonana. Further testing among seven strains of T. pseudonana yielded 809 candidate genes of positive selection, which are 7% of the protein-coding genes. Orphan genes and genes encoding protein-binding domains and transcriptional regulators were enriched within the set of positively selected genes relative to the genome as a whole. Positively selected genes were linked to the potential selective pressures of nutrient limitation and sea surface temperature based on analysis of gene expression profiles and identification of positively selected genes in subsets of strains from locations with similar environmental conditions. The identification of positively selected genes presents an opportunity to test new hypotheses in natural populations and the laboratory that integrate selected genotypes in T. pseudonana with their associated phenotypes and selective forces.
Polarized Sorting of the Copper Transporter ATP7B in Neurons Mediated by Recognition of a Dileucine Signal by AP-1

Neurons are highly polarized cells having distinct somatodendritic and axonal domains. Here we report that polarized sorting of the Cu(2+) transporter ATP7B and the vesicle-SNARE VAMP4 to the somatodendritic domain of rat hippocampal neurons is mediated by recognition of dileucine-based signals in the cytosolic domains of the proteins by the σ1 subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-1. Under basal Cu(2+) conditions, ATP7B was localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane of the soma and dendrites but not the axon. Mutation of a dileucine-based signal in ATP7B or overexpression of a dominant-negative σ1 mutant resulted in nonpolarized distribution of ATP7B between the somatodendritic and axonal domains. Furthermore, addition of high Cu(2+) concentrations, previously shown to reduce ATP7B incorporation into AP-1-containing clathrin-coated vesicles, caused loss of TGN localization and somatodendritic polarity of ATP7B. These findings support the notion of AP-1 as an effector of polarized sorting in neurons and suggest that altered polarity of ATP7B in polarized cell types might contribute to abnormal copper metabolism in the MEDNIK syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder caused by mutations in the σ1A subunit isoform of AP-1.
Saddle nose deformity reconstruction with a split calvarial bone L-shaped strut.

Objective To describe a technique for creation of a split calvarial bone L-shaped strut that provides dorsal support while increasing tip projection in patients with substantial septal saddle nose ...
Block copolymer conjugates prepared by sequentially grafting from proteins via RAFT

Well-defined thermoresponsive block copolymer conjugates were prepared by two consecutive grafting-from polymerizationsvia reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. A RAFT agent containing an activated ester was conjugated to amines on lysozyme, and N-isopropylacrylamide was polymerized by grafting directly from the modified protein in aqueous buffer. Retention of the active thiocarbonylthio moieties on the ω end of the conjugated chains allowed chain extension viapolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide to yield lysozyme–poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (LYS–PNIPAM-b-PDMA) block copolymer conjugates. Analysis of the conjugates, as well as the cleaved homopolymers and block copolymers, indicated the grafting-from polymerizations were well controlled and that chain extension during block copolymerization was efficient. The temperature-responsive aqueous solution behavior of the resulting conjugates was investigated.
Extended abstract: Designer’s hardware Trojan horse

We introduce the first approach for pre-synthesis embedding of hardware Trojan horses (HTHs) by the designer. The embedded HTH gives the designer a low layer control over the hardware that can be exploited post-manufacturing. We identify the essential components for the exploit, outline the pre-synthesis implementation, and discuss detection. The new HTH embedding approach is low-overhead, effective, and hard to detect/remove. We emphasize that the diagnosis and isolation of designerpsilas HTHs is a standing research challenge.
Single-molecule methods to quantify adsorptive separations (Presentation Recording)

Interfacial adsorption and transport are the chemical and physical processes that underlie separations. Although separations technology accounts for hundreds of billions of dollars in the global economy, the process is not well-understood at the mechanistic level and instead is almost always optimized empirically. One of the reasons is that access to the underlying molecular phenomena has only been available recently via single-molecule methods. There are still interesting challenges because adsorption, desorption, and transport are all dynamic processes, whereas much of the advances in super-resolution imaging have focused on imaging static materials. Our lab has focused in recent years on developing and optimizing data analysis methods for quantifying the dynamics of adsorption and transport in porous materials at nanometer-resolution spatial scales. Our methods include maximizing information content in dynamic single-molecule data and developing methods to detect change-points in binned data. My talk will outline these methods, and will address how and when they can be applied to extract dynamic details in heterogeneous materials such as porous membranes.
SEMANTIC FACTORS, ROLE INDICATORS ET ALIA: Eight years of Information Retrieval at Western Reserve University

It is indeed a pleasure to talk to you this evening about information retrieval in general and at the Center for Documentation in particular. Information retrieval, I suspect, is treated with some suspicion in Britain, and much of the outpouring of documentation literature is doubtless discounted as typical American excesses of enthusiasm and braggadocio. I hope that I can contribute something tonight towards putting our own efforts into a sensible perspective.
All the O2 Consumed by Thermus thermophilus Cytochrome ba3 Is Delivered to the Active Site through a Long, Open Hydrophobic Tunnel with Entrances within the Lipid Bilayer.

Cytochrome ba3 is a proton-pumping heme-copper oxygen reductase from the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus. Despite the fact that the enzyme’s active site is buried deep within the protein, the apparent second order rate constant for the initial binding of O2 to the active-site heme has been experimentally found to be 109 M–1 s–1 at 298 K, at or near the diffusion limit, and 2 orders of magnitude faster than for O2 binding to myoglobin. To provide quantitative and microscopic descriptions of the O2 delivery pathway and mechanism in cytochrome ba3, extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the enzyme in its membrane-embedded form have been performed, including different protocols of explicit ligand sampling (flooding) simulations with O2, implicit ligand sampling analysis, and in silico mutagenesis. The results show that O2 diffuses to the active site exclusively via a Y-shaped hydrophobic tunnel with two 25-A long membrane-accessible branches that coincide with the pathway previously suggested by...
T Cells with Differing Specificity Exist for a Single Determinant on Lysozyme

Although it is known that the T cell receptor is capable of fine discrimination, recognizing single amino acid substitutions, the breadth of the T cell response to a single determinant has been difficult to evaluate. This latter point is vital in the current colloquy about limitations in T cell receptor repertoires. In order to examine clones within the H-2b haplotype, which is genetically non-responsive to HEL (1), we have studied the specificity of murine T cell clones isolated from lymph nodes of H-2b animals which have been primed with RCM-L2, the major peptide (aa 13–115) derived from the reduced carboxymethylated hen egg white lysozyme (RCM-HEL) by cyanogen bromide cleavage. This avoids the concomitant suppression induced by an N-terminal determinant which leads to the lack of response to the native antigen (2,3). Since analysis of individual T cell clones can circumvent the ambiguities inherent in assays that assess tne cumulative effects of many cell types (as in the case with bulk culture proliferation, or helper cell and suppressor cell assays for example), individual clones were derived from a single, established, HEL-dependent bulk line. RCM-L2 was used as the immunizing agent.
Pernicious Anemia in Southwestern American Indians

Pernicious anemia (PA), previously considered rare among American Indians, was diagnosed in 18 Indians during a 16-yr period at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center. These patients, from ten different tribes, did not vary significantly from all adult hospital admissions in proportionate sex, tribe, or blood group distribution. The current minimum prevalence of PA for southwestern Indians is 1:514 beyond 50 yr of age and 1:293 after 60 yr of age. Despite a marked predominance of blood group 0 (81%), the Indians developed PA as frequently as other ethnic groups in which PA is strongly associated with blood group A. Their clinical and hematologic manifestations were similar to those of whites with PA. Of the 13 subjects tested immunologically, 11 demonstrated parietal cell antibodies, and six had blocking antibodies to intrinsic factor. During follow-up none developed gastric carcinoma, although this tumor— the most frequent malignancy among southwestern Indians-is correlated with PA in whites. The findings establish that PA in full-blooded south-western Indians is not rare and is clinically and immunologically similar to PA in whites.
Effect of Micro-Cracks on the Thermal Conductivity of Particulate Nanocomposite

The effect of micro-cracks on the thermal conductivity of particle-reinforced nanocomposites is investigated. Two different particles (Carbon nanotube and Silicon dioxide) with different geometries are considered to account for the effect of particle aspect ratio. Three batches of specimens, two with and one without nano-fillers are fabricated. First, the thermal conductivity of the as-fabricated samples were measured using steady state linear heat transfer unit. Afterwards, the samples were subjected to cyclic loading and at the end of every 5000 cycles the samples were taken out and the thermal conductivity was measured. At the same time, the Modulus of Elasticity of the specimens were determined using uniaxial compression test. Based on these results, the effect of micro-cracks on the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites is presented. In addition, the relation between micro-cracks, stiffness, and thermal conductivity are presented.
Seeking Self-Sufficiency Why Emerging Adult College Students Receive and Implement Parental Advice

Research about the nature of emerging adult college student problem situations identifies parents as a means of decision–making and/or social support. One salient type of social support is parental advice messages. This qualitative study investigates why emerging adult college students receive advice from their parents, their perceptions of that advice, and why they implement it. To explore these phenomena, electronic survey data were collected and analyzed using inductive emergent thematic analysis. Findings conclude that emerging adult college students receive solicited and unsolicited advice from their parents about academic and career concerns but receive more advice about work–life balance, social/relationship concerns, and finances. Further, participants implemented their parents’ advice because of the utility or practicality of the advice, the legitimate authority or experiential wisdom of the parent, and perceived autonomy support. Practical and scholarly implications for advice-giving communicati...
Primary prevention program clearinghouse : Prevention issue: Journal of pediatric psychology.

The Clearinghouse has been redesigned so that whenever possible abstracts are focused on one theme rather than on an assortment of topics. In this Clearinghouse we are pleased to provide the authors' abstracts of articles published in theJournal of Pediatric Psychology special issue on Health Promotion and Problem Prevention in Pediatric Psychology (Vol. 11, No. 2). The articles demonstrate general and specific approaches to health promotion and prevention of injury, death, and disease in children. In addition, we have included a list of the books reviewed in the special issue.
Feasibility of Detecting Prostate Adenocarcinoma Using Optical Reflectance Spectroscopy

We introduce a novel application of optical reflectance spectroscopy to detect positive surgical margins for prostate adenocarcinoma during laparoscopic prostatectomy to monitor hemodynamic and light scattering changes.
Business Students Should Read Great Novels: The Power of Literary Words for Management Education

The power of great novelists’ words is demonstrated by their ability to shape social attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, and even to make life more worth living. However, even though narrative pedag...
Influence of corrosive bacteria on metal corrosion and scaling of waterflooding system in oil field and its prevention measures

The sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB),iron bacteria(IB),saprophytic bacteria(TGB) and thiobacillus bacteria in waterflooding system are often found existing in oil field,which would cause the metal corrosion and scaling of waterflooding system.The mechanism and features of the corrosion and scaling are reviewed.The present situation of prevention measures to the corrosive bacteria,especially the sulfate-reducing bacteria is discussed.Finally,the research direction of corrosive bacteria is introduced.
[Epidemiologic study on HIV-1 gene subtypes in different groups of HIV-1 infectors in Liaoning province, 2008-2010].

HIV-1毒株的感染力较强,是目前HIV流行的主要病毒株和重点研究对象[1].HW-1分为M(main)、O(outlier)和N(non-M-non-O)3个组.其中M组又分为A～K亚型.近年又证实了至少16种各种亚型的重组型CRF 01至CRF016.本研究对59例HIV-1感染者血浆样本进行基因扩增和序列分析并收集相关流行病学资料,结果报道如下.1.材料与方法:(1)样本来源:选取2008-2011年经病毒载量检测,载量＞1000 copy/ml的59例样本进行HIV蛋白酶(PR)和反转录酶(RT)基因区的扩增和测序. 关键词：人类免疫缺陷病毒1型;基因亚型
Support of myocardial performance after open cardiac operations by rate augmentation

Summary Cardiac pacing with intramyocardial electrodes was performed in 36 patients following open-heart surgery. Details of 24 hemodynamic studies in 19 patients are presented. Sixteen patients had atrioventricular conduction disturbance and 3 had sinus rhythm. Studies were performed in the following sequence: (a) ventricular pacing (mean 97 beats per minute), (b) non-pacing (mean 66 beats per minute), (c) ventricular pacing (mean 109 beats per minute), and (d) ventricular pacing at the identical rate of the preceding study plus isoproterenol administration. In patients with atrioventricular conduction disturbance, ventricular pacing was associated with a consistent and significant rise of cardiac index, averaging 23.7 per cent. Addition of isoprotenenol while the pacing rate remains relatively unchanged was found to cause a further slight rise in cardiac index. Pacing was also associated with significant reduction of left atrial pressure and left ventricular stroke work and volume. In 3 patients with normal atrioventricular conduction, ventricular pacing was not associated with a consistent hemodynamic change. The inotropic effect of increasing the heart rate in man is emphasized. Within the limits imposed by the study, a relationship of heart rate and cardiac output has been confirmed. Prophylactic implantation of myocardial electrodes at the time of open-heart surgery offers a simple and predictable means of controlling heart rate and overriding many of the cardiac arrhythmias observed in the postoperative period.
Disk Friction and Flexible Belts

The sliding surfaces are present in most machine components and it is desirable to minimize the friction in order to reduce energy loss and wear. In contrast, clutches and brakes depend on friction in order to function. The function of a clutch is to permit smooth, gradual connection, and disconnection of two elements having a common axis of rotation. A brake acts similarly except that one of the elements is fixed. In pivot bearings, clutch plates, and disk brakes there is friction among circular surfaces under distributed normal pressure. In the design of belt drives and band brakes the impending slippage of flexible cables, belts, and ropes over sheaves and drums is important. This chapter presents a drum subjected to the two-belt tensions T 1 and T 2 , the moment M necessary to prevent rotation, and a bearing reaction R . The forces acting on the differential element are calculated using the equilibrium of the element. The tension increases from T at the angle θ to T + dT at the angle θ + dθ .
Synoptic climatology of the early 21st century drought in the Colorado River Basin and relationships to reservoir water levels

Since the year 2000, streamflows throughout the Colorado River Basin (CRB) in the southwestern United States have been greatly impacted by a prolonged drought. As a primarily mountain snowmelt-sourced basin, the climatic drivers of annual runoff in the CRB bear significant influence on the hydrologic status of its network of reservoirs. To analyse reservoir response to the drought, this study takes a holistic approach of relating the frequency of mid-tropospheric circulation patterns (CPs) to water levels at Lake Powell and Lake Mead, the primary reservoirs in the CRB. A synoptic climatology of the region was constructed by classifying daily mean 500-hPa geopotential height values from 1982 to 2012, a span that includes the early 21st century drought and the relatively wetter years preceding it, to determine how the drought manifests itself in the trends of CPs over time. The CPs were then statistically compared to several measures of reservoir water level, including yearly inflow and net changes in storage year-to-year, to examine potential relationships. The results of the classification reveal that the CRB is most notably characterized by dominant summertime ridge patterns, which have become slightly more common during the drought. Cool season troughs were generally linked with the presence of more water in the reservoirs, but ridges have stronger relationships to reservoir variables, including linkages to years with lower reservoir inflow, greater yearly losses, and net declines in storage year-to-year. Further, dry transitional patterns, CPs which represent zonal flow yielding little precipitation, are increasingly common in the spring, coming at the expense of wetter CPs. These results support previous research regarding the observed hastening of snowmelt, contributing to the early 21st century drought in the CRB as well as the overall trend in declining mountain snowpack across western North America.
Neurotransmitter Regulation of Striatal Gene Expression

Considerable research has examined regulation of striatal gene expression by neurotransmitters. A significant portion of this work has focused on unraveling interactions between neurotransmitters that regulate striatum, and the results strongly support the concept of broad regulation of striatal gene expression by interactions between multiple neurotransmitter systems. The studies reviewed in this chapter have contributed significantly to our foundational knowledge about the organization of the basal ganglia and how neurochemical systems therein may regulate its function. Further, studies examining gene expression have provided some correlative and causal links between gene expression in the striatum and behavior. With improved tools for evaluating the contribution of neurotransmitter systems to basal ganglia function, as well as improved understanding of the functional significance of changes in gene expression, research in this vein will continue to contribute significantly to our understanding of physiological and pathophysiological functions of the striatum.
Simulação in situ: vantagens, desafios e obstáculo

A simulacao medica tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida como uma modalidade a ser utilizada para reduzir os erros medicos em uma variedade de configuracoes de cuidados e diferentes graus de realismo. A simulacao in situ, definida como treinamento baseado em simulacao que ocorre em ambiente clinico com profissionais no local de trabalho ou de atuacao, tem sido utilizada como ferramenta para melhorar e identificar lacunas na formacao do profissional de saude. O objetivo desse artigo e descrever as vantagens, desafios e obstaculos para a implementacao da simulacao in situ em um hospital de ensino de cuidados tercia- rios. O programa levou a uma melhoria na organizacao e avaliacao de sistemas de gerenciamento de codigo (Code Blue) utilizado pelo hospital. Como licoes aprendidas destacamos: metas claras devem ser estabelecidas, avaliadas e revistas ao longo do processo; a tecnica de debriefing melhora o desempenho da equipe, ajuda a identificar problemas, bem como solucoes, e permite aos participantes de contribuir e processar emocionalmente a sua formacao, e; a atividade desenvolvida in situ identifica deficiencias no atendimento ao paciente especialmente no que se relaciona as necessidades do gerenciamento de risco. A experiencia indica que a simulacao in situ e uma ferramenta valiosa e segura para identificar as necessidades, promover a comunicacao eficaz, melhorar as habilidades tecnicas e implementar melhorias de processos em um ambiente medico de alto risco.
Inferior vena cava thrombus secondary to blunt abdominal trauma

A 15-year-old female presented to the emergency department of a level 1 trauma centreafter being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident. The patient underwent a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis obtained with a 60–70 s delay as part of the institution’s polytrauma protocol. The CT scan demonstrated multiple hepatic lacerations and a filling defect in the suprahepatic inferior vena cava adjacent to the cavoatrial junction. Inferior vena cava thrombus secondary to blunt abdominal trauma is extremely rare, and to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute thrombus diagnosed by CT at the time of initial injury. There is limited literature on management of this entity. Possible treatments range from conservative approaches to anticoagulation and placement of IVC filters.
A Controlled Crowdsourcing Approach for Practical Ontology Extensions and Metadata Annotations

Traditional approaches to ontology development have a large lapse between the time when a user using the ontology has found a need to extend it and the time when it does get extended. For scientists, this delay can be weeks or months and can be a significant barrier for adoption. We present a new approach to ontology development and data annotation enabling users to add new metadata properties on the fly as they describe their datasets, creating terms that can be immediately adopted by others and eventually become standardized. This approach combines a traditional, consensus-based approach to ontology development, and a crowdsourced approach where expert users (the crowd) can dynamically add terms as needed to support their work. We have implemented this approach as a socio-technical system that includes: (1) a crowdsourcing platform to support metadata annotation and addition of new terms, (2) a range of social editorial processes to make standardization decisions for those new terms, and (3) a framework for ontology revision and updates to the metadata created with the previous version of the ontology. We present a prototype implementation for the Paleoclimate community, the Linked Earth Framework, currently containing 700 datasets and engaging over 50 active contributors. Users exploit the platform to do science while extending the metadata vocabulary, thereby producing useful and practical metadata.
Molecular Pathways in Hypertensive Renal Damage

Hypertension is a disease that increases adverse cardiovascular events and leads to end-organ damage. Kidney damage induced by hypertension depends on several factors. Contributing factors to hypertensive renal damage include renal and vascular structural components and hormonal and paracrine factors. Glomerular hypertension, low nephron number, and endothelial dysfunction are involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease associated with hypertension. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress, and inflammation also contribute to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Investigations continue to identify mechanisms and interactions between mechanisms that contribute to progression of kidney injury in hypertension. A full understanding of the complex interactions between renal vascular and structural components as well as hormonal and paracrine factors contributing to hypertension-induced chronic kidney disease will lead to better therapeutic strategies.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: New Suggestions of Pathophysiology and Treatments

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that specifically affects motor neurons and leads to a progressive and ultimately fatal loss of functions, resulting in death typically within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis. The disease starts with a focal center of weakness, such as one limb, and usually spreads to other extremities, the brain, and often kills by affecting the respiratory muscles. Recent studies reveal a trend towards an increase in the ALS mortality rate, but the significance of this trend remains unclear. Recent ALS incidence studies have given new insight into ALS epidemiology. ALS seems to be distributed uniformly in different countries, with age-specific incidence rates showing a progressive increase up to the 60–79 age group. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of familial ALS seem multifactorial with emerging evidence of a complex interaction between genetic and molecular pathways. This review provides new insights into the two different form of ALS which primarily highlights epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathophysiological, current state of ALS therapy and what the best directions are regarding future ALS research. Future directions to treat and manage ALS via stem cell therapy, possibly new drug discoveries, and diet are given.
Extreme Classification: Tagging on Wikipedia, Recommendation on Amazon & Advertising on Bing

I will introduce extreme classi cation which is a new area of machine learning research focusing on multi-class & multi-label problems involving millions of categories. Extreme classification has opened up a new paradigm for thinking about key applications such as tagging, ranking and recommendation. I will discuss algorithms for some of these applications and present results on tagging on Wikipedia, product recommendation on Amazon and search and advertising on the Bing search engine. More details can be found on The Extreme Classification Repository webpage at http://manikvarma.org/downloads/XC/XMLRepository.html
Low-grade dysplasia diagnosis ratio and progression metrics identify variable Barrett's esophagus risk stratification proficiency in independent pathology practices.

Background and Aims The diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is subject to substantial interobserver variation. Our central aim in this study is to compare independent pathology practices using objective measures of BE risk stratification proficiency, including frequency of diagnosis and rate of progression, with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or adenocarcinoma (EAC) after the first diagnosis of LGD. Methods We retrospectively evaluated over 29,000 endoscopic biopsy cases to identify 4734 patients under endoscopic biopsy surveillance for BE in a healthcare system with multiple independent pathology practices: a subspecialized GI pathology group (SSGI; 162 BE cases per pathologist annually), 3 high BE volume general surgical pathology practices (GSPs; >50 BE cases per pathologist annually), and multiple low BE volume GSPs (10.6 BE cases per pathologist annually). We measured LGD diagnosis frequencies and rates of diagnostic progression to HGD or EAC in patients diagnosed with LGD. Results The proportion of all BE cases diagnosed as LGD (LGD/BE diagnosis ratio) ranged from 1.1% to 6.8% in the different hospital settings (P Conclusions General surgical pathologists and subspecialists show highly significant differences with respect to LGD/BE ratio, risk of progression relative to nondysplastic BE, crude annual progression rates, and the cumulative 2-year progression rate after LGD. These metrics can be used to assess proficiency in BE risk stratification in historical cases. Some general practitioners were able to achieve results similar to subspecialists. General surgical pathologists with little annual experience evaluating BE biopsy specimens did not successfully risk stratify patients with BE.
Management of Conjunctival Neoplasms

Melanocytic neoplasms of the conjunctiva include nevus, primary acquired melanosis (PAM) without atypia, PAM with atypia, and conjunctival melanoma. The most common nonmelanocytic tumors of the conjunctiva are squamous cell neoplasms. Surgical excision is the cornerstone of therapy for conjunctival tumors. Proper specimen handling is critical to ensure that lesion orientation is clear to the ocular pathologist. Adjuvant therapy for conjunctival tumors can include cryotherapy and/or topical chemotherapy with mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, or interferon, or adjuvant radiation therapy. Tumor thickness and ulceration are important prognostic factors for local control and survival for conjunctival melanomas. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an important recent consideration for conjunctival melanomas that are thicker than 2 mm or those that have histologic evidence of ulceration.
Recent Studies on Pharmacokinetics and Residues of Anabolic Agents in Beef Cattle and other Farm Animals

Research on measurement of residues and pharmacokinetics of zeranol, trenbolone, oestradiol, testosterone and progesterone and also the stilbenes DES and hexoestrol has progressed. New data on residue concentrations of anabolic agents are listed and the introduction of new developments in assay techniques described. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is still the most widely used method for residue measurement and there have been new advances in the production of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for zeranol, trenbolone and 17α-OH trenbolone, the major metabolite of trenbolone.
Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn

Starch exists inside the endosperm of cereals enmeshed in a protein matrix, which is particularly strong in sorghum and corn. Starch digestibility is affected by the plant species, the extent of starch-protein interaction, the physical form of the granule, inhibitors such as tannins, and the type of starch. Among the cereals, sorghum generally has the lowest starch digestibility. The resistance to digestive action of the hard peripheral endosperm layer is largely responsible for this effect. Processing methods such as steam-flaking and reconstitution are effective in raising sorghum digestibility to near that of corn. Waxy sorghum shows consistently higher feeding value than normal sorghum. Both the starch granules and the protein matrix around them are more digestible in waxy grain. The development of new heterowaxy or waxy sorghum hybrids may further increase sorghum feed efficiency.
Disaster planning, Part II. Disaster problems, issues, and challenges identified in the research literature

Problems, issues, and challenges to disaster planning and selected disaster-planning principles are presented in this article. Methods of developing strategies to overcome resistance to disaster preparedness and measures to ensure that medical-response facilities will function are among the concepts discussed. Disaster-preparedness resources are provided. Language: en
Soybean cultivar variability for nodule formation and growth under drought

Both nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are sensitive to soil drying, which can have important negative effects on yield. An exception to this general response has been the identification of the cultivar Jackson as being drought tolerant for N2 fixation. The objectives of this research were to examine nodule formation and growth in Jackson among other soybean cultivars in response to soil drying under field conditions. Two field experiments were conducted to examine the genetic variation in the sensitivity of nodule numbers and dry weights to soil drying. Substantial variation among soybean lines was found, and the drought-tolerance trait was demonstrated again in Jackson. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to further analyze the variation of nodulation response to soil water content. The differences among cultivars observed in the field were confirmed in the greenhouse. Importantly, the relative drought insensitivity of N2 fixation in cultivar Jackson was associated with high individual nodule dry weight under drought conditions, relative to well-watered plants. It was concluded that large variation in nodulation sensitivity to water deficit exists among soybean cultivars and that the response of N2 fixation rates to drought is related in part to nodule formation and growth.
Cross-understanding and Shared Mental Model Theory: A Comparison and Empirical Contrast

Both shared mental models of the group’s task and cross-understanding (the extent to which group members accurately understand the mental models of other members) are theorized to increase performa...
44 Misregulation of ten-eleven translocation 3 CXXC domain leads to abnormal formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and expression of pluripotency genes in pig embryos

Ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases are considered to play an important role in regulation of DNA methylation patterns by converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). TET3 protein, a member of TET family, is enriched in mature oocytes and early stage embryos and contributes to DNA demethylation of the paternal genome in zygotes. N-terminal CXXC domain of TET3 is thought to be important in catalysing 5mC oxidation through its DNA binding potential. However, it is not clear whether specific DNA binding of CXXC domain is required for 5hmC conversion in mammalian embryos. Here, we investigated the role of TET3 CXXC domain in controlling 5hmC formation in fertilized pig embryos by injecting TET3 CXXC domain into mature pig oocytes as a dominant negative to inhibit the direct binding of TET3 to the genome through the CXXC domain. The CXXC domain of pig TET3 was identified through bioinformatics comparison of TET3 sequences among different species and cloned from mature pig oocyte-derived cDNA. To construct the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CXXC fusion protein, CXXC sequence was subcloned into N-terminal GFP fusion vector, and then mRNA was synthesised by in vitro transcription. The GFP-CXXC mRNA (100 ng/µL) was injected into oocytes matured in vitro for 36 to 37 h. Then, the oocytes were fertilized at 42 h post-maturation. Water-injected oocytes served as a control. At 17 h post-fertilization, zygotes were collected to analyse 5hmC level by immunocytochemistry. The level of 5hmC was analysed using ImageJ (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/). Expression of pluripotency-related genes at Day 7 blastocysts was examined through quantitative RT-PCR; ΔΔCt method was used to analyse the quantitative RT-PCR data and Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. All experiments were conducted at least three times and P-values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. The GFP-CXXC was exclusively localised in pronuclei, indicating that the CXXC domain may lead to nuclear localization of TET3. The level of 5hmC in zygotes was not altered by the overexpression of GFP-CXXC. Interestingly, in 2-cell stage embryos, the 5hmC level was reduced in GFP-CXXC injected embryos compared with the control group, suggesting that CXXC domain is important for 5hmC formation post-DNA replication. There was an increase in transcript abundance of NANOG and ESRRB in blastocysts developed from GFP-CXXC injected oocytes compared with control blastocysts (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the expression of POU5F1 and SOX2. In this study, we found that CXXC domain of TET3 is critical in maintaining the level of 5hmC formation at 2-cell stage and proper level of pluripotency-related genes (NANOG and ESRRB) in blastocysts. Future studies will focus on elucidating mechanisms behind the changes after overexpression of GFP-CXXC in pig embryos.
Sullivan and Freud

The purpose of this book is to expound the more fundamental ideas of Harry Stack Sullivan’s psychology in order to provide the reader with a broad grasp of the “theory” of interpersonal psychiatry and to supplement it with certain recent developments. Like every other creative thinker, Sullivan learned much from his predecessors and, in certain instances, his contemporaries as well. Recently, Sullivan’s debt to the late Adolf Meyer, of Johns Hopkins University, particularly in regard to Sullivan’s ideas about about schizophrenia, has been emphasized. In addition, Adlerians would be critical if Alfred Adler’s contributions to Sullivan’s psychology were not mentioned. Adler possessed a profound grasp of the individual in community, and, in a sense, was an interpersonal theorist, at least in his work with patients. But in general, Adler’s individual psychology is profoundly different from Sullivan’s (Cooley, 1962). However, Henri F. Ellenberger (1970) in his The Discovery of the Unconscious has done ample justice to Adler. It can be said that the man to whom Sullivan was most indebted was Sigmund Freud. Sullivan began his career attempting to follow strictly the psychiatry of Freud. But, in his work with schizophrenic patients, classical psychoanalysis was quite inadequate. So, Sullivan began his lifelong attempt to construct more adequate modalities of treatment for those patients who did not seem to benefit from a strict psychoanalytic approach. Thus, a visitor to an inpatient psychiatric ward of a facility today would be struck by the enormous influence of Sullivan’s contribution, as manifested in the commonly used milieu therapy. The extensive summary of Freudian theory in this chapter is meant to provide an illuminating perspective with the help of which, it is hoped, the reader can achieve a broader point of view of the interpersonal school of psychiatry. For Sullivan, Freud served as a foil against whom he developed his own “theories.”
Regional differences in white matter integrity in stimulant use disorders: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies.

Abstract Background Converging lines of evidence from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies reveal significant alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure in the prefrontal cortex of chronic stimulant users compared to controls, suggesting compromised axonal microstructure and/or myelin. Methods A meta-analysis of DTI-based WM integrity was conducted for white matter regions across the corpus callosum and association fibers. Articles were sourced and selected using PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined by the authors in order to best capture WM integrity among individuals with primary stimulant use in comparison to healthy control subjects. Results Eleven studies that focused on region-of-interest (ROI)-based analysis of WM integrity were extracted from an initial pool of 113 independent studies. Analysis across ROIs indicated significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in stimulant use groups compared to controls with a small to moderate overall effect (Hedges’ g = -0.37, 95% CI [-0.54, -0.20]). Eigenvalues were also analyzed, revealing a significant effect for radial diffusivity (RD; Hedges’ g = 0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.47]) but not axial diffusivity (AD; Hedges’ g = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.20, 0.29]) or mean diffusivity (MD; Hedges’ g = 0.20, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.41]). Subgroup analyses based on specific ROIs, primary substance use, poly-substance use, and imaging technology were also explored. Conclusion Results of the present study suggest a consistent effect of compromised WM integrity for individuals with stimulant use disorders. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between cocaine and methamphetamine-based groups.
Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Co-Fe Bimetallic Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Fuel Cells.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is considered the cornerstone for regenerative energy conversion devices involving fuel cells and electrolyzers. The development of non-precious-metal electrocat...