cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turbulent dissipation and shear in thermohaline intrusions

Laterally coherent patches of turbulence were discovered on the upper and lower boundaries of thermohaline intrusions. The ratio ɛ/Jb is used to compare the relative importance of turbulence produced by Reynolds stress and that produced by the buoyancy flux of double diffusion. Velocity profiles show near-inertial motions through the intrusions.
Intervalley electron-phonon and hole-phonon scattering matrix elements in germanium

Abstract Using the “rigid-pseudoion” model, we have calculated the electron-phonon and hole-phonon interaction matrix elements for the Γ-Δ scattering (TO,LO,TA,LA) in Ge. The results of the calculation are compared to the corresponding values in Si and GaP (LA,TA) and to the Γ-L numbers of Ge. Insights are gained into the Γ-Δ and Γ-L phonon assisted scattering.
Microbial stability, phytochemical retention, and organoleptic attributes of dense phase CO2 processed muscadine grape juice.

Dense phase CO2 processing (DP-CO2) is a promising alternative to thermal pasteurization potentially inactivating microorganisms without affecting food phytochemicals or organoleptic characteristics. To demonstrate these effects, studies were conducted by changing processing pressure and CO2 concentration in relation to microbial destruction. Subsequent storage stability (10 weeks at 4 °C) of muscadine grape juice processed by DP-CO2 (34.5 MPa at 8% or 16% CO2) was evaluated and compared to a heat-pasteurized juice (75 °C, 15 s). Thermal pasteurization decreased anthocyanins (16%), soluble phenolics (26%), and antioxidant capacity (10%) whereas no changes were observed for both DP-CO2 juices. DP-CO2 juices also retained higher anthocyanins (335 mg/L), polyphenolics (473 mg/L), and antioxidant capacity (10.9 μmol of Trolox equivalents/mL) than thermally pasteurized juices at the end of storage. Insignificant differences in sensory attributes (color, flavor, aroma, and overall likeability) were observed bet...
Evolution of Avian Conservation Breeding With Insights for Addressing the Current Extinction Crisis

Abstract Birds have been bred in captivity since the dawn of civilization. In the nineteenth century, breeding rare and exotic animals for the menageries of royalty and aristocrats transitioned to the formation of public zoological gardens and natural history museums. With industrialization and human population expansion, some bird species became rare or disappeared entirely. Once the magnitude of the destructive forces of humans became evident, concerted efforts were initiated to restore depleted bird populations by using, among other techniques, captive breeding. In this article, I explore the evolution of avian conservation breeding programs and evaluate how this historical review informs our outlook for addressing the current extinction crisis.
Experiments with Protein Hydrolysate Bait Sprays for Control of the Walnut Husk Fly

A controlled corn-protein hydrolysate, Staley's Protein Insecticide Bait No. 7, was shown to be the most attractive of the materials tried as attractive components of toxic bait sprays for experimental use in control of the walnut husk fly ( Rhagoletis completa Cress.). Malathion wettable powder proved superior to technical Dipterex as a toxic component. Bait sprays were compared with standard full-coverage sprays of malathion (without attractant) in area control of adults (a) by observing their effects on the fly population as indexed by bait pails containing glycine- sodium hydroxide solution and (b) by recording larval infestation of walnuts. Comparison of treatments, on the basis of the length of time that fly populations were controlled, showed that bait- type spray coverage without the protein hydrolysate attractant strongly depressed fly populations for 5 to 7 days, and with the attractant, for 12 days. Standard full-coverage sprays (using twice the amount of malathion) depressed fly populations for 9 to 11 days. Very good control of the walnut husk fly resulted from two bait sprays or from standard full-coverage treatments spaced at a 25-day interval. Although fly populations built up during the second half of this interval, little oviposition occurred. However, bait sprays were observed to result in high populations of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.) on Placentia and Payne walnut varieties during the second year of trial. Such mite infestations did not occur in solid blocks of Eurekas, a variety very susceptible to walnut husk fly but less susceptible to this species of mite than the other varieties listed.
Anorthite ceramic materials

Etude de la preparation et des proprietes technologiques de ceramiques d'anorthite (silicate d'aluminium et calcium), a basse temperature de cuisson
Exploring perceptions and usage patterns of Digital Video Recorder Owners

The present research combines in-depth interviews and in-home observations to explore usage patterns and perceptions of television viewers in digital video recorder (DVR) households. Innovativeness, Use Diffusion, and Continuity-Discontinuity are employed to characterize DVR use and conceptualize DVR viewing in the home. Findings indicate that the DVR is an important, interactive technology that can help transform the way television is used by some consumers in their movement to proactive media decision makers.
MALDI-MS Determination of Cyclic Peptidomimetic Sequences on Single Beads Directed toward the Generation of Libraries

Abstract A series of peptides of various sequences were prepared on TentaGel resin and cyclized via either N -to-side chain or side chain-to-side chain lactam formation. The cyclization efficiency was quantitated and found to be both ring size- and sequence-dependent. The strategy of partial chain-termination was applied successfully to the sequence determination of a cyclic peptide on a single bead. Our results provide a useful method for the construction of cyclic peptidomimetic libraries and characterization of cyclic ligands. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hemispheric functioning and the Kaufman assessment battery for children: Results in the neurologically impaired

The relationship between the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K‐ABC) and neuropsychological performance in neurologically impaired children was examined in an attempt to interpret K‐ABC findings in terms of a hemispheric specialization model. For comparison, the relationship between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Revised (WISC‐R) and hemispheric functioning was also examined. Hemispheric functioning was determined by mean performance level on several neuropsychological measures of presumed lateralized function. Results lend some support to a hemispheric model for interpreting K‐ABC Simultaneous Processing (SIM) and Sequential Processing (SEQ) scores. The correlation between SIM and right‐hemisphere (RH) functioning was significantly stronger than that between WISC‐R Performance IQ and RH functioning; the correlation between SEQ and left‐hemisphere (LH) functioning, however, was weaker than that between WISC‐R Verbal IQ and LH functioning.
High-Throughput Single-Cell Manipulation in Brain Tissue

The complexity of neurons and neuronal circuits in brain tissue requires the genetic manipulation, labeling, and tracking of single cells. However, current methods for manipulating cells in brain tissue are limited to either bulk techniques, lacking single-cell accuracy, or manual methods that provide single-cell accuracy but at significantly lower throughputs and repeatability. Here, we demonstrate high-throughput, efficient, reliable, and combinatorial delivery of multiple genetic vectors and reagents into targeted cells within the same tissue sample with single-cell accuracy. Our system automatically loads nanoliter-scale volumes of reagents into a micropipette from multiwell plates, targets and transfects single cells in brain tissues using a robust electroporation technique, and finally preps the micropipette by automated cleaning for repeating the transfection cycle. We demonstrate multi-colored labeling of adjacent cells, both in organotypic and acute slices, and transfection of plasmids encoding different protein isoforms into neurons within the same brain tissue for analysis of their effects on linear dendritic spine density. Our platform could also be used to rapidly deliver, both ex vivo and in vivo, a variety of genetic vectors, including optogenetic and cell-type specific agents, as well as fast-acting reagents such as labeling dyes, calcium sensors, and voltage sensors to manipulate and track neuronal circuit activity at single-cell resolution.
Cloning and characterization of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans gene encoding a heat-shock protein 90 homologue

Abstract In a search for clones from a λgtl 1 expression library of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) genomic DNA that expressed epitopes from a 70-kDa iron-repressible membrane protein, we inadvertently identified clones that encoded a member of the 90-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP 90) family. The gene appears to encode a homologue of HtpG, as the nucleotide sequence has ∼70% identity with the Escherichia coli (Ec) and Vibrio fischeri htpG. Growth of an Aa htpG insertion mutant at 42°C was reduced to 50% of the parent strain, similar to an Ec htpG deletion mutant. These data suggest that Aa HtpG performs a function similar to Ec HtpG.
Presynaptic markers of cholinergic function in the rat brain: relationship with age and cognitive status.

Abstract The nature of age-related changes in cholinergic function and their relationship to age-related behavioral decline were examined in the present study. Male Fischer-344 rats of four ages (four, 11, 17 and 23 months) were tested in a battery of cognitive tasks. Discrete microdissections of brain areas involved in cognitive function were performed, and activity of choline acetyltransferase and levels of hemicholinium-3 binding were determined to assess the integrity of cholinergic innervation. Age-related changes in cholinergic markers occurred predominantly in the medial septal area and its target areas (hippocampus and cingulate cortex), and were also present in the posterior caudate. However, most of the age-related changes in cholinergic markers were already present at ages at which behavioral impairment was not yet maximal. There were some consistent correlations between behavioral and neurochemical measures, independent of age, but these accounted for relatively small proportions of variance in behavioral performance. For most of these correlations, lower levels of presynaptic cholinergic markers were related to better behavioral performance. In brain areas in which correlations changed with age, lower levels of presynaptic cholinergic markers were associated with better performance in young rats, whereas higher levels were associated with better performance in aged rats. Recent lesion studies using a toxin selective for basal forebrain cholinergic neurons have suggested that these neurons do not play as central a role in learning and memory in young and aged animals as was previously thought. When considered in this context, the present results suggest that preserved cholinergic function in old age might act indirectly to sustain cognitive ability. Changes in cholinergic function may represent one of a number of age-related neurobiological events that underlie behavioral impairments, or may be a permissive factor for other age-related processes that are more directly responsible for cognitive impairments.
The potential use of plant physiological responses to water stress as an indication of varietal sensitivity to drought in four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties

Four potato varieties were subjected to water stress under controlled conditions. Leaf relative water content, leaf diffusive resistance, and photosynthesis were measured on stressed and unstressed plants during a stress period and during the recovery period following stress relief. Subsequent to the stress, plants were grown to maturity with optimal water supply. Mature plants were harvested and tuber yield and haulm production measured. Stressed plants of all varieties exhibited an increase in leaf diffusive resistance and a decrease in relative water content, transpiration, and photosynthesis as soil moisture decreased. Significant varietal differences in leaf diffusive resistance of stressed plants are apparent and offer promise for development of a screening technique for varietal sensitivity to drought based on stomatal response to water deficits.
Laser-glint techniques for sensing sea-surface roughness

Specular reflections of light, or glints, on the ocean surface can be used to determine surface-roughness statistics. For example, the angular distribution of glints is related to the surface slope distribution. Such statistics are needed for interpreting data from various remote sensors and for studying the physics of the air-sea interface. Laser-glint techniques are convenient because they do not inherently depend on the ambient light conditions, the instruments can be made reasonably compact, and they do not disturb the surface. We deployed a first-generation laser-glint instrument package in the Pacific Ocean near the Oregon coast, during September 1995. This system used laser wavelengths of 633 nm and 830 nm, and was only operable at night. Measurements from this instrument have helped to verify the Cox-Munk model for slope statistics and to quantify the dependence of sea-surface mean- square slope on the air-sea temperature difference. The next- generation laser-glint instrument will use infrared laser light at 10.6 micrometers to enable daytime operation, which previously has not been accomplished with a laser-glint sensor.
Reducing the Risk of Internalizing Symptoms among High-risk Hispanic Youth through a Family Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Familias Unidas is an intervention that has been found to be efficacious in preventing and reducing substance use, sexual risk, and problem behaviors among Hispanic youth. While it does not specifically target youth internalizing symptoms, the intervention works to strengthen parenting and family factors associated with reduced risk of internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety symptoms). This study examines the effects of Familias Unidas on internalizing symptoms among high-risk youth, as well as the role of family level factors in the intervention's effects. A total of 242 12-17-year-old Hispanic youth with a history of delinquency and their primary caregivers were recruited from the school and juvenile justice systems, and randomly assigned to the Familias Unidas intervention or community practice control. A linear latent growth model was used to examine intervention effects on the trajectory of adolescent internalizing symptoms from baseline to 6 and 12 months post-baseline. RESULTS show that the Familias Unidas intervention was more efficacious than control in reducing youth internalizing symptoms. Baseline youth externalizing and internalizing symptoms did not moderate the intervention's effects on the trajectory of youth internalizing symptoms. While parent-adolescent communication did not significantly moderate the intervention's effects, changes in parent-adolescent communication mediated the intervention's effects on internalizing symptoms, showing stronger intervention effects for youth starting with poorer communication. FINDINGS indicate that the Familias Unidas intervention can reduce internalizing symptoms among high-risk Hispanic youth, and that improving parent-youth communication, a protective family factor, may be one of the mechanisms by which the intervention influences youth internalizing symptoms. Language: en
Management of Infections in Palliative Care Patients with Advanced Cancer

To characterize infections and their management in oncology patients at the end of life, we conducted a review of the literature. Eight studies assessing infection in 957 patients with various malignancies were identified. Forty-two percent of terminally ill patients developed infections in the final phase of care. The greatest frequency of treatment with antibiotics occurred in acute care hospitals. Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus were the most frequently isolated bacteria, and urinary and respiratory tracts the most frequently involved sites of infection. A total of 19-39% of individuals with suspected infection and advanced cancer died. The decision whether to treat or not in the palliative care setting may be complex and requires an individualized approach. Further research in this area will help develop a consensus for management that will facilitate education of students and residents regarding complex decisions of care of infections at the end of life.
Fuzzy support vector machines for biomedical data analysis

The generalization ability of SVMs is unreliable when the user selects SVMs randomly to classify data examples. The paper proposes a fuzzy system called fuzzy support vector machines (FSVMs) to deal with the problem. Margin values from three different SVMs are fuzzified, combining with the accuracy information of each SVM. The final decision is determined based on all of the SVMs. Experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy SVMs are more stable and reliable than randomly selected SVMs.
Free vibrations of rectangular cantilever plates. Part 1: out-of-plane motion

An analysis of the free in-plane vibrations of a cantilevered rectangular plate is performed by means of a variational approximation procedure. The problem is treated by first obtaining the exact solution for waves in the plate satisfying the equations of plane stress including in-plane inertia with two opposite edges traction free. The solution results in a set of dispersion curves. A number of the resulting waves are used in what remains of the variational equation, in which all conditions occur as natural conditions. Roots of the resulting transcendental equation are calculated, which yield the eigensolutions and associated eigenfrequencies. The results are compared with results obtained using FEM, and good agreement is shown.
Misra - Invited Speaker

In recent years, high-k dielectrics have been successfully implemented in CMOS logic devices wherein their use has led to lower leakages, better gate control and in turn continued downscaling. While high-k dielectrics materials and process flows are continuously being fine tuned for logic devices, their applications in other non-CMOS insertion are also rapidly emerging. In this talk, we discussed our recent work on exploring high-k dielectrics for various new applications. We have realized high-k dielectrics in non-volatile memories and have exploited barrier engineering to achieve asymmetry in tunneling rates. In the area of nanocrystal FLASH memories, we have investigated ALD nanoparticle formation as a function of the high-k dielectric and have shown a strong dependence on the surface. We have also investigated these high-k dielectric stacks for improving the performance of molecular memories. We also presented the advantages of using high-k dielectrics in power semiconductor applications such as SiC MOSFETs. Finally, we summarized the outlook of some emerging nanotechnologies which can benefit from high-k dielectrics.
Effect of Trace Elements on Dissolution of Hydroxyapatite by Cariogenic Streptococci

The effect of low levels of strontium, boron, lithium, molybdenum, and fluorine, alone and in combination, on hydroxyapatite solubility, bacterial growth, and acid production in five antigenic types of Streptococcus mutans was investigated.Pour Plates containing synthetic hydroxyapatite were used to compare dissolution of hydroxyapatite. The colonies of the five antigenic types of S mutans produced zones of dissolution that were measured. Acid production and growth were studied in broth culture media. The results show that low levels of strontium and fluorine can significantly reduce demineralization of synthetic hydroxyapatite by S mutans in vitro.
Hemilabyrinthectomy causes both an increase and a decrease in corticotropin releasing factor mRNA in rat inferior olive.

Abstract It was previously shown [NeuroReport, 3 (1992) 829–832] that unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) induces Fos expression in several brainstem regions, including the β subnucleus of the inferior olive. Using isotopic 33 P in situ hybridization, the present results demonstrate significant changes in oligonucleotide-probed mRNA levels for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the rat inferior olivary nucleus 4 days following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). In the medulla of normal animals there was strong CRF mRNA labeling in the inferior olivary nucleus, and weaker labeling in the vestibular nuclei and prepositus hypoglossi. Following unilateral labyrinthectomy, the contralateral olivary β subnucleus showed a significant increase in CRF message, similar to the contralateral Fos labeling observed after hemilabyrinthectomy [NeuroReport, 3 (1992) 829–832]. In addition, the contralateral A and B subnuclei (IOA/B) of the inferior olive showed a strong increase in CRF labeling, while the ipsilateral dorsal cap of Kooy (IOK) showed a decrease. This novel bidirectional alteration in CRF message in different subdivisions of the same nuclear group indicates the existence of both up and down regulatory mechanisms controlling CRF peptide expression, and reflects the dynamic neurochemical alterations occurring during vestibular compensation.
Rescuing Fair-Play as a Justification for Punishment

The debate over whether ‘fair-play’ can serve as a justification for legal punishment has recently resumed with an exchange between Richard Dagger and Antony Duff. According to the fair-play theorist, criminals deserve punishment for breaking the law because in so doing the criminal upsets a fair distribution of benefits and burdens, and punishment rectifies this unfairness. Critics frequently level two charges against this idea. The first is that it often gives the wrong explanation of what makes crime deserving of punishment, since the wrongfulness of murder is not primarily about unfairness. The second is that it implies that all crimes deserve the same degree of punishment, because all crimes create the same degree of unfairness. These objections are viewed as revealing fatal flaws in the theory. Although Dagger attempts to meet these objections by drawing on political theory, Duff responds that this still draws upon the wrong kind of resources for meeting these objections. This paper argues that these two objections rest on a crucial mistake that has been overlooked by both the defenders and critics of fair-play. This mistake results from failing to distinguish between what justifies punishment as a response to crime (which requires a common element to all crime) and what justifies attaching particular penalties to crimes (which requires making distinctions in the severity of crime). The arguments presented will give reasons to consider fair-play as a viable justification for legal punishment.
Dengue Virus Inhibits Immune Responses in Aedes aegypti Cells

The ability of many viruses to manipulate the host antiviral immune response often results in complex host-pathogen interactions. In order to study the interaction of dengue virus (DENV) with the Aedes aegypti immune response, we have characterized the DENV infection-responsive transcriptome of the immune-competent A. aegypti cell line Aag2. As in mosquitoes, DENV infection transcriptionally activated the cell line Toll pathway and a variety of cellular physiological systems. Most notably, however, DENV infection down-regulated the expression levels of numerous immune signaling molecules and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Functional assays showed that transcriptional induction of AMPs from the Toll and IMD pathways in response to bacterial challenge is impaired in DENV-infected cells. In addition, Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacteria species, grew better when co-cultured with DENV-infected cells than with uninfected cells, suggesting a decreased production of AMPs from the IMD pathway in virus-infected cells. Pre-stimulation of the cell line with Gram-positive bacteria prior to DENV infection had no effect on DENV titers, while pre-stimulation with Gram-negative bacteria resulted in an increase in DENV titers. These results indicate that DENV is capable of actively suppressing immune responses in the cells it infects, a phenomenon that may have important consequences for virus transmission and insect physiology.
Beyond the “Psychosomatic Family”: A Biobehavioral Family Model of Pediatric Illness†

This article proposes a multilevel systems model of the interactive biological, psychological, and social processes in childhood illness. This heuristic model can organize the investigation of pathways and mechanisms by which these levels influence one another. A pivotal feature of this biobehavioral family model is the construct of responsivity, which is conceptualized at both family (interpersonal responsivity) and individual (biobehavioral reactivity) levels. Individual biobehavioral reactivity is proposed as a bidirectional pathway by which family patterns and disease processes influence one another. Illustrative clinical material and relevant research are presented with recommendations for future study. This model integrates individual and family-level theory and thus has the capacity to bridge the fields of psychosomatics, pediatrics, behavioral medicine, and family systems medicine.
The duty of the firm in selling to the poor: A question of the person, justice, and subsidiarity

Mainstream economists do not address the question of the duty of the firm in selling to the poor. To them the issue is normative, and they have taken pains to delimit economics as a positive discipline. They separate value and fact, and engage themselves in questions relating to what is and not what should be. Forensic economists hold a different view. Firms are liable for damages due not just to deception and fraud but to negligence as well, and governments have consumer protection agencies to examine cases involving the duty of the firm well beyond deception and fraud. Social economists reject the argument based on libertarianism and individualism that the firm has only one purpose: increasing shareholder value. Social economists view the firm as having several constituencies — shareholders, managers, workers, customers, suppliers, neighbors, partners — and duties associated with each one. Those duties are grounded in the virtue of justice: to render to another that which is owed. The firm has a duty to its customers, its suppliers, and its employees deriving from the principle of equivalence; to its shareholders and employees from the principle of distributive justice; to its competitors and neighbors from the principle of contributive justice. This article argues that the firm has a special duty in selling to the poor which is grounded in the person of the one who is poor, the three principles of economic justice, and the principle of subsidiarity. Mainstream economists address poverty apart from consumer behavior as if the two were unrelated. This article brings the two together and in so doing helps throw light on the question of the duty of the firm in selling to the poor.
Medicaid and Access to the Courts

The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Maxwell-Jolly v. Independent Living Center of Southern California could fundamentally alter states' accountability to beneficiaries and providers when their official conduct allegedly violates Medicaid's essential federal requirements.
Boundary between Continental and Oceanic Crust at the Margin of Rifted Continents

From a detailed study of the continental margin off Norway we have been able to establish the presence of two buried marginal escarpments—Voring Plateau Escarpment and the Faeroe Shetland Escarpment. We believe that these escarpments together with a segment of the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone between them define quite clearly the boundary between the continental and oceanic basement. We describe these findings and discuss their application to other continental margins.
Does Reinvention Need Reinvention? Lessons from Tmncated Managerialism in Britain

Since the 1970s, reformers have pressed innovation in Whitehall management. However, the reinvention efforts by both the Thatcher and Major governments under the banners of public choice and managerialism have led the reform movement to a dead end. Using interviews ranging from 1978 to 1993 and drawing upon the works of public management theorists, this article analyzes the obstacles to reinventing government in the UK. Namely, the politicization of the process coupled with HM Treasuy's stronghold on expenditures has limited managerial discretion and built mistrust of veforms among civil servants. Rather than creating an environment conducive to innovations in public management, the UKs efforts have deepened the divide between policymakers and administrators.
Optically Active Amines. 40.1 Application of the Benzene Sector Rule to the Circular Dichroism of Chiral Benzylcarbinamines and Benzylcarbinols

The sign of the 1Lb Cotton effects (CEs) from about 240 to 270 nm in the circular dichroism (CD) of enantiomers of chiral benzylcarbinamines and benzylcarbinols is correlated with their absolute configurations using the benzene sector rule and a consideration of the equilibrium between their two conformers of lowest energy and of oppositely signed rotatory powers. For chiral benzylalkylcarbinamines, carbinamine salts, and carbinols, which show a single sign for their 1Lb CEs, a shift in the conformational equilibrium can explain a sign reversal of the CEs with a change in solvent, (R)-2-amino-1-phenylpropane showing negative 1Lb CEs in methanol but positive ones in cyclohexane. l-Phenylalanine in water shows positive 1Lb CEs, but in methanol it shows both negative and positive CD maxima. In methanol, the two longest wavelength maxima comprise a double CE associated with the band origin absorption maximum at 267 nm, the conformational equilibrium shifted from the positive conformer of l-phenylalanine to it...
Quantal relationship between prostatic dihydrotestosterone and prostatic cell content: Critical threshold concept

The shape of the prostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) dose vs prostatic cell number response curve can be used to determine if the androgen-induced increase in prostatic cell number occurs as a continuous graded process increasing with all levels of prostatic DHT, or whether the process is quantal, beginning to occur only when a critical threshold of prostatic DHT is reached. To make this determination, castrated-adrenalectomized rats, castrated rats given no treatment, and castrated rats given testosterone-filled silastic implants of varying lengths were used to construct such a prostatic DHT dose/prostatic cell number response curve ranging from undetectable to pharmacologically high levels of prostatic DHT. The shape of this dose-response curve was found not to be continuously hyperbolic, but instead, to be discontinuously sigmoidal. This demonstrates that, in the rat, androgen-induced increase in prostatic cell number occurs as a quantal process which can only begin when the concentration of prostatic DHT is above a critical threshold value (ie, 0.4 ng/10(8) cells for the rat ventral prostate). Thus, in order to completely prevent this androgenic stimulation of prostatic cell number, the prostatic DHT level has to be lowered to below this critical threshold but does not have to be completely eliminated.
Patent Update: Serotonergic Agents: June-December 1991

(1992). Patent Update: Serotonergic Agents: June-December 1991. Current Opinion on Therapeutic Patents: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 163-175.
Ion solid surface interactions in ionized copper physical vapor deposition

Abstract A thorough understanding of ion-solid surface interactions is important for the predictive modeling of ionized metal plasma (IMP) Cu physical vapor deposition (PVD) at feature scales. Besides sticking coefficients and sputter yields, characterizations such as angular distributions of sputtered and reflected particles, and thermal-accommodation coefficients are also needed as inputs for a feature scale process simulator. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations have been used to provide pertinent information and physical insights. MD results for Ar+/Cu and Cu+/Cu systems as a function of hyperthermal ion energies and incidence angles are reported. The issue of integrating different sticking coefficients for different surface roughness is addressed, based on ion travel distance analysis. We have found that the angular distribution of sputtered particles is not cosine, but can be described by a simple Gaussian-like formula. Ion reflection characteristics are also analyzed.
Linear stability analysis of the unsteady-state IEM model of micromixing

Abstract A stability condition for steady-state solutions ot the unsteady-state IEM (interaction-by-exchange-with-the-mean) model of micromixing is derived using linear stability analysis. The resultant linear equation involves a Volterra integral equation with a convolution kernel whose stability can be analyzed by studying the determinant of the inverse of the transfer matrix in the Laplace transform domain. An efficient numerical procedure for computing the poles is presented and employed to study the stability of several kinetic schemes as a function of the micromixing parameter. In particular, for a scheme with multiple steady states and Hopf bifurcations in the perfect-micromixing limit, the stability condition is employed to predict the stability away from this limit and the results have been verified through numerical simulations of the unsteady-state model.
An extended frequency‐domain prony's method for transfer function parameter estimation

The estimation of transfer-function parameters, such as poles and zeros, is useful for characterizing and identifying electromagnetic scatterers. The conventional frequency-domain Prony's technique can estimate these parameters from sampled, frequency-domain data. However, it fails to estimate the true parameters when the sampled data contains contributions from out-of-band poles. In this paper, an extended frequency-domain Prony's technique is developed that circumvents this problem by adding polynomial terms to the standard, Prony pole series. This new technique is shown to be very effective for estimating the poles of transfer functions over very wide bandwidths, without the need for large numbers of simultaneous equations, even when the data are corrupted by noise.
Feasibility of Virtual Reality Environments for Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder

Purpose:This study assessed the feasibility of virtual reality (VR) exposure as an assessment and treatment modality for youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD).Methods:Forty-one adolescents, 20 of which were identified as having SAD, were recruited from a community sample. Youth with and without SAD were exposed to two social virtual environments—party and public speaking—and two neutral virtual environments.Results:All youth reported significantly higher ratings on the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) during the party and public speaking scenarios compared to the two neutral environments, while youth with SAD reported significantly higher SUDS in the public speaking and party environments than those without SAD. Youth also demonstrated acceptable levels of presence and immersion in the VR environments.Discussion:VR exposure treatment appears to be feasible for youth with SAD, highlighting the need for further research on its development.
Binary and Ternary Cation Exchange on Strong Acid Cation Exchange Resin Involving Na, Mg, and Zn in Single and Binary Backgrounds of Chloride, Perchlorate, and Sulfate

A systematic study with the negatively charged cation-exchange resin Amberlite 200 was performed to investigate the influence of anion type on cation exchange. A comprehensive data set was obtained for binary and ternary cation exchanges involving Na, Mg, and Zn on a strongly acidic, sulfonate cation-exchange resin in electrolyte systems with the single anions chloride, perchlorate, and sulfate, and with 1:1 mixtures of them at two total cation concentrations of 0.05 and 0.2 N. The binary and ternary cation exchange data exhibited internal consistency in that Mg and Zn were selected over Na to a comparable degree. The binary and ternary cation exchange data also indicated clearly an effect of anion type, with reduction in selectivity of Mg and Zn relative to Na in the presence of more strongly complexing anions such as sulfate. The effects of anions in cation exchange may be ascribed in part to their association with cations in solution, as demonstrated by application of conventional mass action models fo...
SU‐E‐I‐82: Imaging of Gamma Emission Near and Above the Operational Limit of a SPECT Scanner

Purpose: To investigate the imaging of gamma emissions near the operational limit of a clinical SPECT scanner and determine whether higher energy gamma imaging is possible using a clinical scanner with no modifications. Methods: :A Philips BrightView SPECT scanner is used for this investigation. The system acquisition software imposes a maximum energy level of 960 keV. In order to investigate system response near this limit both simulations and clinical scans are performed. Gate 6.1 is used to simulate the system response to Europium‐152 (Eu‐152), a readily available gamma source with several high‐energy gamma emissions. Simulations are validated using clinical scans of a Eu‐152 source with a 700 keV to 960 keV window. In this energy range two major gamma emissions, 779 keV and 867 keV, are present. In addition, simulations of a high‐energy (1.575 MeV) gamma emitter, Prasodymium‐142 (Pr‐142) are performed to determine if the NaI crystal is sufficient to image gamma emissions at this energy. Results: Clinical measurements of Eu‐152 show a FWHM of 14.0mm in this energy range. Simulated spectra of Eu‐152 matches the measured spectra well, with a FWHM of 16.1mm. In addition, simulation of Pr‐142 shows a clear photopeak in the detected spectrum at 1.575 MeV. This indicates the NaI crystal is sufficient for full absorption at this energy level. Conclusion: This work indicates that the BrightView SPECT scanner has the potential to image high energy gamma. Simulations and clinical scans show the system is sufficient up to the maximum allowed acquisition energy. Simulation of Pr‐142 shows the scanner is capable of imaging gamma up above 1.575 MeV, though acquisition software does not currently allow clinical validation. Additional research needs to be done to determine if there is the potential to overcome the software imposed maximum energy level, and if so, validation of the imaging of Pr‐142 will be performed.
Normative data for eight dimensions of reading attitudes: Canadian public school students

The Survey of Reading Attitudes was administered to 613 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students enrolled in the schools that serve the metropolitan area of a small city in Ontario, Canada. Means, standard deviations, coefficient of alpha reliability estimates, and standard errors of measurement were computed for the eight dimensions of reading attitude included in the Survey. The reliability estimates for the respective dimensions are as follows: Expressed Reading Difficulty, α = .88, Reading as Direct Reinforcement, α = .83, Reading as Enjoyment, α = .89, Alternative Learning Modes, α = .72, Reading Group, α = .81, Reading Anxiety, α = .82, Silent vs. Oral Reading, α = .83, and Comics, α = .79.
Individual and sex differences in reminiscence

Inverted alphabet printing, rotary pursuit, and mirror tracking tasks were administered to 84 subjects in order to ascertain (a) reproducibility of reminiscence scores within and between tasks and (b)sex differences in reminiscence. With prerest performance levels held constant by second-order partial correlation procedures, reproducibility of individual reminiscence differences within tasks was significant but quite low, while predictability of reminiscence from one task to another was negligible. The sexes reminisced essentially alike on inverted alphabet printing, but females reminisced more than males on the other tasks, presumably because they were relatively more depressed by massed practice on these tasks. Thus, individual and sex differences were essentially task specific. Implications of results for reminiscence theories and for the credibility of alleged relationships between reminiscence and other organismic variables were discussed.
Cooling off a cyclotron

Technique of recharging a cyclotron with a special oil is a complicated 2-day procedure in which change is effected through a series of filters into the coil tank of the cyclotron's electromagnet.
Rapid purification of yeast mitochondrial DNA in high yield

A procedure is presented for the rapid isolation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in high yield from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells, which may be grown to late stationary phase, are broken by a combination of enzymatic and mechanical means; mtDNA is then isolated from a crude mitochondrial lysate by a single cycle of bisbenzimide-CsCl buoyant density centrifugation. mtDNA so isolated is at least 99.5% pure, and has a mean duplex molecular weight of 24.5 . 10(6). In addition to mtDNA and bulk nuclear DNA, several other yeast nucleic acid species, identified as ribosomal DNA and a mixture of duplex RNAs, form discrete bands in these gradients.
Cloning and Expression of the Gene Involved in Sanfilippo B Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis III B)

Sanfilippo B syndrome is caused by a deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, a lysosomal enzyme involved in the degradation of heparan sulphate. Accumulation of the substrate in lysosomes results in degeneration of the central nervous system with progressive dementia often combined with hyperactivity and aggressive behaviour. In order to clone the deficient gene, we purified the enzyme from human placenta and obtained amino acid sequence information. Alignment of one of the CNBr generated internal peptides to sequence from the database revealed the chromosomal location of the gene in the 5' upstream flanking region of the gene for 17-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase at 17q21.1. The available DNA sequence was used to clone the cDNA coding for alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase and analyse its gene structure. The gene is fully contained in the 5' upstream flanking region of the gene for 17-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase and interrupted by five introns. The cDNA clone has a length of 2575 bp and encodes a protein of 743 amino acids. Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cDNA construct show alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity about 17-fold over background. This will allow correction studies with NAG deficient Sanfilippo B cell lines and facilitate the development of enzyme replacement therapy for these patients.
Distributed Component Development Risk Analysis

This paper describes a method to identify and to evaluate the risks associated with task transfer in a globally distributed engineering environment. Enterprises realize the importance of global worksharing to include diverse customer values into product, but this paradigm also introduces challenges in product development. Industry-wide interviews reveal workshare risks are at two levels: system and component. This paper presents a three-step risk analysis to 1.) characterize product development work tasks, 2.) define Distributed Component Development Risk based on historical rework data, and 3.) evaluate workshare scenarios for the task transfer plan. Three interior vehicle components illustrate the steps of the risk analysis, and the findings indicate most rework happens at the system-level design stage while the discovery of these errors occurs during validation and manufacturing. As a result, the transfer of these tasks leads to high likelihood of rework. Currently, this method is applying in actual global automotive programs for validations.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and renormalization semigroups

The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup combines Gaussian diusion with the ow of a linear vector eld. In innite dimensional settings there can be non-Gaussian invariant measures. This gives a context for one version of the renormalization group. The adjoint of the OrnsteinUhlenbeck semigroup with respect to an invariant measure need not be an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup. This adjoint is the appropriate semigroup to analyze the local stability of the invariant measure under the renormalization group. 2000 Math. Subject Class. Primary 81T17, 82B28, 60G60, 47D06; Secondary 60J60.
On Designing Communication Networks for Emergency Situations

Communication infrastructure has some specific requirements that need to be considered within the context of emergency response scenarios. A few examples are the reliability, robustness, and the ability to work with other existing technologies, namely the interoperability and compatibility of such implementations. There have been several examples of communication failures between different first responder organizations in different disaster scenarios. For example at the World Trade Center on 9/11 some of the police warnings were not heard by firefighters resulting in several lives lost [5]. To address this problem, we propose a Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network (HWMN) as a candidate for highly reliable communication infrastructure capable of working in a heterogeneous environment with different available backhaul technologies for Internet connectivity. Also, cellular technology, as a pre-existing infrastructure, can be taken advantage of when the service is available in an emergency situation. We are using cellular simulators to study the possibilities of integrating cellular systems with other systems to evacuate people more efficiently in case of emergency and present alternative routes to avoid traffic congestion.
Specifying digital forensics: A forensics policy approach

In this paper we present an approach to digital forensics specification based on forensic policy definition. Our methodology borrows from computer security policy specification, which has accumulated a significant body of research over the past 30 years. We first define the process of specifying forensics properties through a forensics policy and then present an example application of the process. This approach lends itself to formal policy specification and verification, which would allow for more clarity and less ambiguity in the specification process.
Interstitial fibrosis following hydrogen sulfide exposure.

This case report describes a patient with interstitial fibrosis 4 years after poisoning by hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide causes pulmonary edema and is also toxic to the nervous system. Long-term pulmonary sequelae of hydrogen sulfide poisoning has not been reported frequently in the literature.