cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reliability of PET activation across statistical methods, subject groups, and sample sizes.

Four pixel-based methods for estimating regional activation in positron emission tomography (PET) images were implemented so as to allow the comparison of their performances in the same dataset. Change distribution analysis, Worsley's method, a pixelwise general linear model, a nonparametric method, and several methods derived from them were investigated. Important technical factors, including the degree of smoothing, stereotactic transform, coregistration algorithm, search volume, and the volumetric alpha level, were held constant. The dataset, which was obtained with a verb generation paradigm, was large enough to permit assessment of concordance between independent samples of conventional size, as well assessment of within-cohort replicability. (Eighteen normal subjects performed four GENERATE-READ pairs each.) Same-task (noise) images were also analyzed.In noise datasets, type I errors (false positives) occurred at the nominal rate (in 5% of datasets). Detected regions of activation were highly likely to be internally replicated (93%). The detected activations were a superset of activations previously reported using the same paradigm. The methods were chiefly distinguished by type II error rates and by the stability of the location of activation clusters. Those methods dependent on local variance estimates were less powerful with small sample sizes and less stable with respect to the attributed location of task-induced changes. The use of pooled variance (Worsley's method) reduced these problems, but variance was not stationary. Overall, the power of all analyses was modest with samples of conventional size (nine subjects x one or two task-pairs). Modeling of the sources of variance, particularly improvement of anatomical standardization, is likely to improve the power of pixel-based analyses.
Effects of categorizing continuous variables in decision-analytic models.

Purpose. When using continuous predictor variables in discrete-state Markov modeling, it is necessary to create categories of risk and assume homogeneous disease risk within categories, which may bias model outcomes. This analysis assessed the tradeoffs between model bias and complexity and/or data limitations when categorizing continuous risk factors in Markov models. Methods. The authors developed a generic Markov cohort model of disease, defining bias as the percentage change in life expectancy gain from a hypothetical intervention when using 2 to 15 risk factor categories as compared with modeling the risk factor as a continuous variable. They evaluated the magnitude and sign of bias as a function of disease incidence, disease-specific mortality, and relative difference in risk among categories. Results. Bias was positive in the base case, indicating that categorization overestimated life expectancy gains. The bias approached zero as the number of risk factor categories increased and did not exceed 4%...
Morpheaform basal-cell epitheliomas. A study of subclinical extensions in a series of 51 cases.

A series of morpheaform basal-cell epitheliomas was studied to determine their subclinical extensions beyond poorly delineated clinical borders. Findings and recommendations for therapy are discussed.
On the stability of interpolative sigma delta modulators

A framework is suggested for stability analysis of Sigma - Delta modulators. The authors argue that limit cycles are natural quantities to investigate in this context. They present a number of analytical and approximate techniques to aid the stability analysis of the class of interpolative modulators, and use these to propose a way of improved design which explicitly takes stability into account. >
Beyond Framingham and coronary calcium: predicted lifetime risk identifies unfavorable risk trajectories.

Although this principle can beapplied to any clinical scenario, it is particularly relevantfor the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovasculardisease (ASCVD) with statins. Clinical trial data haveconsistently shown that statins are associated with aconsistent 30%-50% relative risk reduction in both pri-mary and secondary prevention populations dependingon the dose and type of statin studied. However, theabsolute risk reduction varies dramatically, reﬂectingthe overall absolute risk level of the population studied.Therefore, because of the central importance ofabsolute risk for ASCVD, there has been substantialinterest in the improvement of risk estimation strategiesin recent years. In general, traditional risk factors suchas age, gender, cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, andsmoking status represent the most important determi-nants of ASCVD risk. The 2013 cardiovascular riskassessment guidelines released by the American Collegeof Cardiology and the American Heart Associationcontinue this same paradigm and recommend moderateto high dose statin therapy for individuals with priorcardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, low densitylipoprotein cholesterol [190 mg dL
Partial order techniques for the analysis and synthesis of hybrid and embedded systems

The objective of this tutorial is to introduce in a tutorial fashion the employment of partial order techniques for analysis and synthesis problems in hybrid systems. While familiar to computer scientists, partial order notions may be less familiar to a control audience. The session will present fundamental notions in partial order theory including the definition of a partial order, properties of maps, and complete partial order (CPO) fix point theorems. The application of these notions to hybrid systems will be illustrated for the synthesis of safety controllers, for the design of state estimators, for robust verification, and for the analysis of the dynamics. Finally, problems in the context of intelligent transportation will be introduced and the application of partial order tools will be discussed.
Localization of Integrity Constraints in Mobile Databases and Specification in PRO-MOTION

The well-developed traditional data management techniques need to be augmented with new approaches in order to continue to be effective in the mobile environment. In this paper, we focus on the challenge of maintaining integrity constraints in the presence of disconnections and expensive communication. Our approach of localization is to reformulate global constraints so as to enhance the autonomy of the mobile hosts in processing transactions. We show how this approach unifies techniques of maintaining replicated data with methods of enforcing polynomial inequalities. We also discuss how localization can be realized in PRO-MOTION, a flexible infrastructure for transaction processing in a mobile environment.
3‐D shape optimal design and automatic finite element regridding

A unified method for continuum shape design sensitivity analysis and optimal design of mechanical components is developed. A domain method of shape design sensitivity analysis that uses the material derivative concept of continuum mechanics is employed. For numerical implementation of shape optimal design, parameterization of the boundary shape of mechanical components is defined and illustrated using a Bezier surface. In shape design problems, nodal points of the finite element model move as the shape changes. A method of automatic regridding to account for shape change has been developed using a design velocity field in the physical domain that obeys the governing equilibrium equations of the elastic solid. For numerical implementation of the continuum shape design sensitivity analysis and automatic regridding, an established finite element analysis code is used. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method developed, shape design optimization of a main engine bearing cap is carried out as an example.
Cell proliferative indices and DNA content as prognostic factors in primary breast cancer.

Cumulative data from several studies suggest that indices of cell proliferation, including tritiated thymidine labelling index, S-phase fraction and DNA ploidy are among the most powerful prognostic f
An Exploratory Study of “Quantitative Linguistic Feedback” Effect of LENA Feedback on Adult Language Production

A child’s early language environment is critical to his or her life-course trajectory. Quantitative linguistic feedback utilizes the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) technology as a tool to ana...
Can C3 plants faithfully record the carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide

Abstract Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for the biosphere. Therefore, changes in the carbon isotopic composition of the atmosphere will influence the terrestrial δ13C signals we interpret. However, reconstructing the atmospheric δ13C value in the geologic past has proven challenging. Land plants sample the isotopic composition of CO2 during photosynthesis. We use a model of carbon isotopic fractionation during C3 photosynthesis, in combination with a meta–data set (519 measurements from 176 species), to show that the δ13C value of atmospheric CO2 can be reconstructed from the isotopic composition of plant tissue. Over a range of pCO2 (198–1300 ppmv), the δ13C value of plant tissue does not vary systematically with atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. However, environmental factors, such as water stress, can influence the δ13C value of leaf tissue. These factors explained a relatively small portion of variation in the δ13C value of plant tissue in our data set and emerged strongly only...
Abstract 18590: Oxidative Protein Modifications Mediate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic Heart Disease: Correction ex vivo and in vivo

Background: Diet-induced metabolic heart disease (MHD) characterized by LV hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction and oxidative post-translational modifications (OPTM) of cardiac mitochondrial proteins suggests that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to MHD. Hypothesis: We tested the hypotheses that in MHD mitochondrial dysfunction can be i) reversed by a reducing agent ex vivo, and ii) prevented by overexpression of mitochondria-targeted catalase (mCAT) in vivo. Methods and Results: mCAT or wildtype (WT) mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) or control diet (CD) for 4 months. Cardiac mitochondria from WT HFHS-fed mice (vs. CD) had a 3-fold greater rate of H2O2 production (p=0.001), a 30% decrease in complex II substrate-driven oxygen consumption (p=0.006), a 22% decrease in complex I and II substrate-driven ATP synthesis (p=0.01) and a 63% decrease in complex II activity (p=0.002). In WT HFHS-fed mice, complex II but not complex I substrate-driven ATP synthesis and activity ...
ENERGETICS, BONDING MECHANISM AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF METAL/CERAMIC INTERFACES

Progress are reported on: electronic structure of PdO, PtO, and AgO (band structure calculations); ab initio calculations of electronic structure of TiO{sub 2}(110) surface; and electronic structure of VO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} thin films and multilayers. (DLC)
Remote Activation of Hardware Trojans via a Covert Temperature Channel

A hardware trojan (HT) is produced through the malicious tampering of an integrated circuit design. Depending on its placement and purpose, an HT may cause data leakage or corruption, computational errors, reduced system performance, and temporary or permanent denial-of-service through the disabling or destruction of the chip. The varied geographic locales involved in designing, fabricating, and testing a design allow an attacker ample opportunity to insert an HT. In this paper we propose a method to enable the remote activation of HT, via a covert temperature channel, across a network. Through experimentation, our activation method is shown to be feasible on modern computers. In addition, its design is tolerant of process variation to ensure that it can be reliably fabricated. The design was validated using industry standard STMicroelectronics 65 nm technology and shown to be undetectable against present detection techniques. We discuss the major challenges associated with such HT and future research needs to address them.
The Value of Intersectional Comparative Analysis to the ‘Post-Racial’ Future of Critical Race Theory: A Brazil–U.S. Comparative Case Study

This Commentary Article aims to illustrate the value of comparative law to the jurisprudence of Critical Race Theory (CRT), particularly with reference to the CRT project of deconstructing the mystique of “post-racialism.” The central thesis of the Article is that the dangerous seductions of a U.S. ideology of “post-racialism” are more clearly identified when subject to the comparative law lens. In particular, a comparison to the Brazilian racial democracy version of “post-racialism” is an instructive platform from which to assess the advisability of promoting post-racial analyses of U.S. racial inequality. In Part I the Article introduces the value of comparative law to the future development of CRT. Part II provides an overview of Brazilian “post-racial” discourse. Part III then details the quantitative and qualitative indicators of racial discrimination and intersectional race and gender discrimination in Brazil. Part IV focuses upon the Brazilian legal opposition to post-racialism as evidenced by a recent intersectional anti-discrimination case. The Article then concludes that the critical comparative examination of the Brazilian version of “post-racialism” assists in elucidating the concrete counter-intuitive harms of a “post-racial” perspective in the United States.
Alternative Representations of Source-Excited Vector and Scalar Fields†

Radiation from electromagnetic sources in layered regions is reviewed and illustrated for the case of planar stratification. Mter a reduction of the vector field problem to equivalent scalar Green's function problems, the latter are expressed in alternative forms by the systematic application of one-dimensional characteristic Green's function techniques. Solutions are derived in this manner without the intervention of the classical Watson procedure and are interpretable as guided-wave representations along various coordinate directions. Considerations pertaining to scalar Green's functions apply directly, upon suitable reinterpretation of the electromagnetic parameters, to other fields such as the acoustic which are derivable from scalar potentials.
Instructional Malpractice: Editor: Thomas H. Sawyer

An eighth-grade student brought action against the school district and physical education teacher for injuries to his face and knee as a result of tripping and falling in physical education class during a warm up on concrete bleachers. The Court of Appeals held that the coach's actions and instructions to the eighth-grade students were subject to immunity from liability, that the coach did not breach any duty of care, and that the school district was immune from the eighth-grade student's liability claims.
Chronic neuropathic shoulder pain: The diagnosis is just a “black hole”

A 65-year-old man developed insidious and unprecipitated onset of right shoulder neuralgic pain which gradually worsened over 2 years. He experienced a burning pain in a 3-inch circular region in the posterior right deltoid area. The area was hypersensitive to light touch, causing him to cut holes in his shirts to avoid contact with skin. He denied neck or distal arm pain, weakness, and sensory loss. Neurologic examination, including arm strength and reflexes, was normal apart from hyperesthesia to pinprick in the region of his pain. EMG, including needle examination of his infraspinatus, deltoid, biceps, triceps, and C4 paraspinal muscles, and MRI of his brachial plexus were normal. A presumptive diagnosis of postherpetic neuralgia was made although he had never experienced a rash. Cervical spine MRI demonstrated a 4 × 2.5 mm intramedullary focus of abnormal signal intensity on the right at C4, involving the lateral spinothalamic tract, with peripheral decreased and central increased T2 signal intensity and “blooming” on gradient echo series, consistent with a cavernous angioma (figure).
US college and university student health screening requirements for tuberculosis and vaccine-preventable diseases, 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: Colleges are at risk for communicable disease outbreaks because of the high degree of person-to-person interactions and relatively crowded dormitory settings. This report describes the US college student health screening requirements among US resident and international students for tuberculosis (TB) and vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) as they relate to the American College Health Association (ACHA) guidelines. Methods/Participants: In April 2012, US college health administrators (N = 2,858) were sent online surveys to assess their respective school's TB screening and immunization requirements. Results: Surveys were completed by 308 (11%) schools. Most schools were aware of the ACHA immunization (78%) and TB screening (76%) guidelines. Schools reported having policies related to immunization screening (80.4%), immunization compliance (93%), TB screening (55%), and TB compliance (87%). Conclusion: Most colleges were following ACHA guidelines. However, there are opportunities for impro...
Re-identification of Affymetrix HG-U133 probe sequences using BLAST alignment and its application to distinguishing lung cancer from normal lung expression profiles

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 845 Affymetrix HG-U133-Plus2 has 54,675 probe sets, each consisting of eleven 25-mer probes. Each probe set is designated by an Affymetrix ID together with a GenBank accession ID. From this accession number, extensive annotations can be derived, including Unigene and chromosome location mapping. The identity of the genes and subsequent array analyses are therefore crucially dependent on the accuracy of the accession IDs provided by Affymetrix. Here we provide a complete BLAST analysis of all 604,258 probe sequences and generated accession numbers with the best alignments based on the following criteria: complete match of the 25-mer sequences, correct strand orientation, preference of RefSeq and GenBank sequences, preference of sequences belonging to Unigene clusters. The resulting accession numbers were then regrouped into their original probe sets and their Unigene IDs were compared to those derived from the original accession numbers. Two-thirds (67%) of the Unigene IDs were identical; 2% were different, 7% were new (i.e. the new accession IDs belonged to a Unigene cluster but not the accessions from Affymetrix); 18% no longer belonged to a Unigene cluster, including 4% (of total) with the wrong chromosomal orientation; finally 6% had no Unigene IDs in both cases. Additionally, in the various groups, 3% of the probe sets had probes matching to 2 or more Unigene clusters, including 1% (of total) that represented alternative splice variants, and another 3% had some minor degree of cross-hybridization. Thus 20% of the genes provided by Affymetrix turned out to be different from what they were designed to be. This analysis also provided the exact probe locations within the gene for a subset of the probe sets, namely those that belonged to the RefSeq database. As an application to lung cancer expression profiles, four datasets comprising together more than 200 HG-U133 arrays were analyzed in a comparison of tumor vs normal samples. In all arrays, the signal strength showed an inverse relationship to the distance from the 3′ end, probably reflecting the efficiency of reverse transcription in the probe labeling process. However, the percent present calls were not correlated to this distance, suggesting that the validity of the data is fairly uniform across all probe locations with the genes. More importantly, 13% of the differentially regulated genes (tumor vs normal) were from probe sets that had been misidentified by Affymetrix. Without this BLAST analysis, these genes would have been falsely interpreted as being involved in the genesis of lung cancer. These results therefore demonstrate the importance of verifying and reannotating microarray gene lists with each new release of the human genome sequence in order to ensure accuracy of downstream array analyses.
Diagnosing the Undiagnosed: Osteoporosis in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Fusion.

Study design Retrospective analysis. Objective The aim of the study was to report the incidence of undiagnosed osteoporosis in patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion using computed tomography (CT) Hounsfield units (HU). Summary of background data We used a recent technique utilizing HU to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hypothesized that this technique would reveal a high percentage of undiagnosed osteoporotic patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Methods We reviewed patients older than 50 years undergoing TLIF from a single-center and multiple surgeons. We determined the mean HU of L4 on axial CT. Average HU values for patients with diagnosed lumbar osteoporosis (DEXA BMD 0.9 g/cm, respectively). The percentage of patients with HU values consistent with osteoporosis, but without any formal evaluation, was also calculated. Results Over 10 years, 143 patients older than 50 years underwent TLIF, and 128 had available perioperative lumbar CT scans. Men and Women comprised 60.2% and 39.8% of the population, respectively. Average age was 61.5 years (range: 50.0-83.5 years). Twenty-nine patients had both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and CT data available for analysis. There was a significant association with decreased HU in patients with lumbar BMD less than 0.75 g/cm (105.6 HU, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.76) in comparison to patients with osteopenia (146.0 HU, 95% CI 4.09) and with normal BMD (165.9, 95% CI 21.35). Ten men (7.8%) and 15 women (11.7%) had HU values consistent with osteoporosis. Sixty-four percent of patients with osteoporotic HU values had never been formally evaluated for the disease. Conclusion HU may be an alternative to screening preoperative dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and can minimize costs and resource utilization. We found a large proportion of patients older than 50 years undergoing TLIF had HU levels consistent with undiagnosed osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Level of evidence 4.
Templated Assembly of Betanin Chromophore on TiO2: Aggregation-Enhanced Light-Harvesting and Efficient Electron Injection in a Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

Enhanced light-harvesting and photoconversion efficiency of nanocrystalline TiO2 sensitized with the plant pigment betanin is observed in the presence of spectral signatures which reveal self-assembly of betanin on the surface. Though aggregation of sensitizing chromophores is generally considered detrimental to dye-sensitized solar energy conversion, solar cells constructed with aggregated betanin show a 2.5-fold increase in power conversion efficiency compared to those using mostly monomeric betanin. Dye aggregation results in a broadened absorbance spectrum with extended light harvesting at blue and red wavelengths. Variation in solution conditions and soaking times for film sensitization enable control of the relative amounts of adsorbed monomer and aggregate. Self-consistent modeling of the absorption spectra of betanin-sensitized TiO2 films as a function of dye loading suggests the templated formation of a betanin dimer on the TiO2 surface and associated splitting of the excited state. We show that ...
Preliminary Study on Optimal Dispatch of Cross-regional Hydropower Station Group

The distribution of hydropower stations in China and its hydro and water regulation characteristics are studied in the paper.The dispatch model for joint optimal dispatch of some large-scale hydroelectric power station group between Southwest China Central China is established.The dispatch problem of cross-regional hydropower station group may divide into several smaller tasks,then overall coordination can be made with reservoir operation experience.The analysis results show that hydropower generation optimal dispatch can not only increase the hydropower generation capacity,and but also can improve the guaranteed output of hydropower station group.The hydropower generation dispatch is of great significance for implementation of national strategy of transmitting power from west to east,optimizing resource allocation and achieving sustainable development.
Effects of Transsulfuration Defects on Selenium Status

The identification of selenomethionine (SeMET) as a major form of selenium (Se) in several plant protein foods1 and the retention of SeMET, as such, in animal tissues2 suggests that SeMET may be a major form of dietary Se. All nutritionally available Se must be metabolized to selenocysteine (SeCYS), the form of Se in glutathione peroxidase (GPx),3 but the mechanism of SeCYS formation and introduction into GPx is unknown. The transsulfuration (TS) pathway is a possible mechanism for SeCYS formation from SeMET. SeMET and its metabolites are substrates for all steps of the TS pathway in vitro,4 but the in vivo importance of this pathway to SeMET utilization is not known. If the TS pathway were important in the utilization of SeMET, impairment of TS activity due to metabolic defects might be expected to result in lowered activity of GPx and accumulation of SeMET.
Strategic Retreat on Objectives: Learning from Failure in American Public Policy

How does one group of preferences (say for governmental provision of medical care) succeed another (such as for fees for service by private doctors)? Do people observe what is happening and adjust their preferences accordingly? Preferences, then, would be determined by individual cogitation. Or do people relate to others, modifying their values and beliefs in these engagements? Preferences thus would be a product of social interaction. If preferences result from thinking, our interest should turn to the individual mind; if preferences are molded by interaction, then it is social relations that deserve our attention.
A decision tree based approach for controlled islanding of microgrids

This paper presents a decision tree based systematic approach for controlled islanding of grid-connected microgrids. The objective of the proposed approach is to develop an adaptive controlled islanding methodology to be implemented as a preventive control component in emergency control strategy for microgrid operations. A contingency-oriented decision tree classifier is trained with event database generated from offline simulations of system events. The trained decision tree classifier is capable of identifying system events that warrant controlled islanding of microgrids as a preventive control measure. Real time voltage and current measurements are utilized in conjunction with the trained decision tree classifier for online decision support on controlled islanding strategy of microgrids. A microgrid test system model consisting of multiple distributed generations and energy storage systems is employed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Design of a higher order attachment for the Quanser Qube

In the development of lab exercises for a Dynamic Systems with Controls lab, one constraint on the chosen hardware was that certain types of labs could not be performed. The hardware that was being used, the Quanser Qube, had two existing attachments; with one attachment, an inertial disc, the system was fundamentally a first-order plant. The second attachment, an inverted pendulum, was non-linear and unstable. Neither attachment provided an example of a second-order underdamped plant, nor could a lab be performed with Ziegler-Nichols PID tuning. In order to address these issues, new attachments could be designed and constructed for the Qube, which would add to its range of possible lab exercises. In this paper, one new attachment is described. This attachment features two inertias with compliance and damping. It was designed based on a theoretical model, in order to have certain desired dynamic characteristics, and then model validation was performed. It was found that there were significant unmodeled effects, and an empirical model was derived for the attachment. Due to these effects, the attachment was also limited, and a Ziegler-Nichols lab was still not possible. However, it was possible to perform other lab exercises using this attachment. Based on the empirical model, a sample lab exercise was designed, and an appropriate LabVIEW VI was constructed.
Synthesis of indolo[4,3-bc]phenanthridine-6,11(2H,12H)-diones using the Schiff base-homophthalic anhydride cyclization reaction.

ABSTRACTA novel indolophenanthridine ring system has been synthesized via the Schiff base–homophthalic anhydride cyclization followed by thionyl chloride–mediated dehydrogenation and intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation. This adds to the array of heterocyclic systems that are available through the cycloaddition reaction of imines with cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides. The cytotoxicities of the indolophenanthridines were investigated in human cancer cell cultures, and the results documented significant antitumor activity in a variety of human cancer cell lines. This provides a new heterocyclic scaffold for anticancer drug design.
Configurable and scalable belief propagation accelerator for computer vision

We demonstrate a novel FPGA-based accelerator architecture that can tackle a range of standard computer vision (CV) problems, with scalable performance and attractive speedups. The architecture relies on multiple pipelined processing elements (PEs) that can be configured to support various belief propagation (BP) settings for different CV tasks. Inside each PE, innovative implementation of Jump Flooding for efficient computation of BP solves the core configurability challenge. A novel block-parallel memory interface supports parallelization by distributing BP inference workloads across the PEs. Experimental results demonstrate that our accelerator achieves scalable performance with 11–41× speedup over standard sequential CPU implementations across a subset of well-known Middlebury and OpenGM benchmarks, with no compromise in quality of inference results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FPGA hardware implementation of BP capable of running a range of standard CV benchmarks with significant speedups.
Becoming a youth activist in the internet age: a case study on social media activism and identity development

AbstractThis paper draws on a case study of one youth activist, and explores connections between social media activism, identity development, and critical education. Justin Rodriguez, a 17-year-old high school student in Newark, New Jersey, leveraged social media and texting as organizing tools and garnered support for a school walkout to protest education budget cuts. Drawing on the Listening Guide interview method and Justin’s narrative of his experiences, the study explores the question: Does social media activism have implications for how we understand the development of youth activist identities? The findings suggest Justin’s development as a youth activist was mediated, not produced, by social media activism; and Justin developed as a youth activist through various forms of interaction that included social media and face-to-face relationships. The paper also explores the supports provided by adult mentors that were important in Justin’s development as an activist, including education for critical co...
Spontaneous isolated true aneurysms of the brachial artery in children

Abstract Upper extremity peripheral artery aneurysms are rare, and have been previously reported in children to be associated with congenital malformations and infectious or inflammatory processes. In this case series, we present two unique cases of spontaneous isolated true aneurysms of the brachial artery in two children. Both cases were incidentally found on examination, diagnosed by ultrasonography, and successfully managed by surgical excision and micro-vascular repair with vein grafting.
Social network conformity and construction work plan reliability

Abstract In a large construction project delivery is usually handled by numerous subcontractors. Work plan reliability (WPR) of subcontractors is an essential element for improving project performance. Previous research mainly focused on the consequence of the WPR variability of a subcontractor on the following subcontractors in the project task-sequence. Construction industry lacks a good understanding of the social aspect of the subcontractors' WPR. Plausibly and arguably, construction subcontractors and their interactions/relationships in a project constitute a network, conceptualized as a “social network”. “Social conformity” is one of the various social influence types that results in a change of performance/behavior in order to fit in a group. This research aims to understand how conformity plays a role in the subcontractors' performance particularly in their WPR. The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical approach to 1) demonstrate the impact of conformity on the WPR of subcontractors, and 2) identify the role of social network in conformity occurrence in a construction project. Two construction projects, each including a general contractor overseeing several subcontractors, were studied. Findings show that deviation from norms decreases as project proceeds. It also shows that the tendency of subcontractors to follow the norms of their neighborhood (local) is higher than their willing to follow the project norm (global). The research contributes to the body of knowledge as it proposes a social network based approach for the first time to explore how the subcontractors' WPR in a construction project can be under the influence of the conformity phenomenon. Understanding the subcontractors' manner can be useful for project managers when they need to establish a long-term working relationship with a particular subcontractor, or when they need to know much effort is necessary to spend on improvement initiatives of planning reliability.
Would You Listen to Brad Pitt? The Impact of Construal Level and Celebrity Endorsement in Donation Advertising: An Abstract

Recently, with a fact that approximately 25 % of US advertisements are celebrity endorsement, the use of celebrities in advertising is no longer a recent phenomenon (Shimp 2000). Because of popularity and effectiveness of celebrity endorsement, it has enjoyed much resonance among academics and practitioners (Vaughn 1980). One of the most effective ways of celebrity endorsement is employing “matchup effect” that matches celebrities’ images/characteristics with the product they are endorsing (e.g., Till and Busier 2000). Considering importance of ad message in the context of donation (e.g., Entman 1993), current research applies construal level message framing that emphasizes how information is represented: abstract or concrete (e.g., Trope et al. 2007). Thus, the purpose of current research is to investigate the effects of celebrity endorsement on donation with the moderating role of construal level ad messages.
Biodistribution and efficacy of 177Lu-AMBA in a low GRP receptor expression model of prostate cancer.

4216 177Lu-AMBA is a radiolabeled bombesin derivative that is bound and internalized by cells expressing the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R), a G-protein-coupled receptor. In our previous report of radiotherapy studies with immunocompromised mice bearing PC-3 xenografts, 177Lu-AMBA treatment significantly increased survival and reduced tumor growth rates. The PC-3 tumor cell line has a high number of GRP receptors (2.5 x 105 /cell), whereas LNCaP, a prostate cancer metastatic cell line thought to be representative of the early androgen-sensitive stage of prostate cancer, expresses a lower receptor number (5.9 x 103 / cell). While the high number of receptors per cell in the PC-3 line may not be representative of the clinical situation, there is little definitive work on the GRP receptor status of primary prostate tumors and metastases. Therefore we sought to evaluate the binding and efficacy of 177Lu-AMBA in a low GRP receptor number model of prostate cancer, and determine how reduced GRP receptor expression affects 177Lu-AMBA radiotherapy treatment efficacy and survival. Biodistribution studies confirmed the binding of 177Lu-AMBA to LNCaP xenografts in a receptor density-dependent manner when compared to PC-3. At 1h, LNCaP demonstrated 1.52 ± 0.94 % ID/g tumor as compared to 6.35 ± 2.23 %ID/g tumor in PC-3; and 0.83 ± 0.18 %ID/g tumor at 24 h, compared to 3.39 ± 0.85 %ID/g tumor in PC-3 at 24 h. There was no difference in survival between treated and controls for LNCaP at the end of the study (60-day; n=12), in contrast to PC-3 bearing mice (n=32) which demonstrated a two-fold increase in survival over controls with treatment. However, with the same 0.1 mL administered dose of 177Lu-AMBA (1.11 GBq/kg; 27.75 MBq/0.1 mL; peptide mass ~ 41.3 mg/m2), the Mean Time to Progression of tumor growth was increased by 100% in both LNCaP and PC-3 xenografts. Immunohistochemistry for ki67 showed a reduction in proliferation in treated tumors compared to control. In addition, the characteristic extravasation of blood (ecchymosis) of LNCaP xenografts was significantly reduced and confirmed histologically. The LNCaP cell line internalized a 177Lu-AMBA dose sufficient to reduce abnormal vascular phenotypes, mimicking androgen ablation and creating a more normal vessel route for further treatment delivery. These results confirm that 177Lu-AMBA, which has both gamma-emissions suitable for imaging and medium energy beta-emissions for radiotherapy and is currently in Phase I trials, has the potential to be clinically effective as a therapeutic and imaging agent, or as an adjunct to chemotherapy in prostate cancer, even in cases where the relative expression of GRP levels in the primary tumor or metastases is low.
The "Power" of Value-Added Thinking: Exploring the Implementation of High-Stakes Teacher Accountability Policies in Rio de Janeiro.

The purpose of this article is to ethnographically document the market-based ideological assumptions of Rio de Janeiro’s educational policymakers, and the ways in which those assumptions have informed these policymakers’ decision to implement value-added modeling-based teacher evaluation policies. Drawing on the anthropological literature on meaning making (Anderson-Levitt, 2012), the focus of this study is on the common understandings and ideological assumptions regarding “good” teacher education practice that undergird the policymaking decisions of Rio de Janeiro’s public education policymakers. On the basis of ethnographic interviews, I argue that the then-current Secretariat of Education in Rio was run primarily by people whose backgrounds in business and administration heavily influenced their ideological assumptions about good educational management. I further explore the ways in which Rio’s implementation of value-added modeling and high-stakes accountability-based teacher evaluation mechanisms reflects these latent ideological trends.
Serum Enzymes Derived from Liver Cell Fractions: I. The response to carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats

This report tests the hypothesis that serum enzymes may reflect injury to the various subcellular organelles of liver cells, and serve as a biochemical biopsy which might be useful in differential diagnosis. The enzymes studied are found in liver cells but in different subcellular fractions: sorbitol dehydrogenase (cytoplasm), ornithine carbamyl transferase (mitochondria), microsomal liver esterase (endoplasmic reticulum), arylsulfatase-B (lysosomes), and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase (nuclei). As a model of acute hepatocellular injury, a single intragastric dose of CCl4 (0.25 ml per 100 g) was given to rats and the temporal changes of these enzymes were measured in serum, subcellular fractions, and liver homogenate over a 96hr period. Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity increased by 3 hr and serum ornithine carbamyl transferase between 6 and 12 hr, times corresponding to the known onset of CCl4 injury to cellular and mitochondrial membranes, respectively. Serum microsomal esterase did not increase until 23 hr after the onset of CCl4 injury to the endoplasmic reticulum, however. The serum lysosomal and nuclear enzymes were normal throughout. No correlations were apparent between the serum activities of the first three enzymes and their specific activities in cell fractions or homogenates. Although the appearance in serum of an enzyme derived from a certain subcellular fraction is qualitative evidence of injury to the membrane system containing the enzyme, so many variables affect serum enzymes that the timing or degree of elevation does not predict the onset or severity of intracellular injury.
On the name of the oldest fossil mushroom

The name Gondwanagaricites magnificus, incorrectly published in a previous paper, is made valid and new MB numbers assigned.
Confusing Regulatory Takings with Regulatory Exactions: The Supreme Court Gets Lost in the Swamp of Koontz

In 2013, the Supreme Court concluded that monetary exactions must be considered with the same judicial scrutiny as land exactions. Land exactions are required contributions from an individual to a government entity in exchange for approval to develop real property. Land exactions proposed by regulatory bodies must be roughly proportional and bear a nexus to the development permit requested, otherwise the exaction constitutes a taking in violation of the Fifth Amendment. In Koontz v. St. Johns River Management District, the Supreme Court extended the nexus/rough proportionality test to instances in which government bodies impose monetary conditions on land development. This Comment argues that it was unwise for the Court to apply this strict test to monetary exactions. The Court’s holding might create a chilling effect on land use permitting by incentivizing officials to deny development applications to avoid legal risk, rather than attempt to impose appropriate mitigation conditions.
Abstract B117: Phase II study of brentuximab vedotin and bevacizumab in GCT

Background: Outcomes in refractory germ cell tumors (GCT) after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy are poor with complete responses with salvage chemotherapy being rare and short-lived. Patients progressing after ≥2 lines of chemotherapy have a dismal prognosis and die from disease. Novel therapies and combination strategies are urgently needed. Cluster of Differentiation antigen-30 (CD30) is expressed in embryonal carcinoma, implicating CD-30 as a target in CD-30+ GCT. Brentuximab vedontin (BV) is an antibody-drug conjugate that combines mono-methyl auristatin E (MMAE) with a CD-30 specific monoclonal antibody, and has shown promising activity in CD30+ GCT. VEGF is involved in tumor development, angiogenesis, and metastasis in GCT, and anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, bevacizumab, has shown activity in GCT. BV and bevacizumab may be synergistic in refractory CD30+ GCT with no potentially overlapping toxicities. Methods: This is a multicenter phase II study of BV and bevacizumab for the treatment of refractory CD-30+ GCT after disease progression on imaging and/or tumor marker progression with serially rising AFP or bHCG. Patients must have received ≥ 2 lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, but only 1 prior line will be allowed if the patient is ineligible or refuses further platinum-based chemotherapy. For primary mediastinal GCT, failure of 1st-line chemotherapy is allowed. Expression of CD-30 (1% or more) in archival or fresh biopsy is required for eligibility. Primary objective is objective response rate. Secondary objectives are safety and tolerability, PFS, and OS. Exploratory objectives include correlation of clinical outcomes with CD-30 expression in tumors and blood and VEGF level in blood, and presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and correlation with clinical outcomes. BV and bevacizumab will be given every 21 days at doses of 1.8 mg/kg and 15mg/kg, respectively, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; intrapatient dose reduction of BV to 1.2 mg/kg will be allowed. A total of 21 patients will be enrolled and results from this study will provide an insight into the safety and efficacy of this combination in refractory CD-30+ GCT. (NCT02988843) Citation Format: Shilpa Gupta, Benjamin L. Maughan. Phase II study of brentuximab vedotin and bevacizumab in GCT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B117.
A continuous wave spectroscopic (CWS) study of hemoprotein and other molecules in mitochondrial suspension, cell suspension and tissue.

Optical spectroscopy is the simplest technique for quantitative determination of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other mitochondrial enzymes. This technique, however, is restricted to transparent and clear solutions in which optical density is a linear function of the absorber concentration. In scattering media, tissues, cells and cell organelles such as mitochondria, the dual wavelength, double beam technique has been extensively and successfully used to observe changes of the redox state in the mitochondrial chain, as well as changes in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (Chance, 1951). This technique has also been used for quantitative determination of cytochromes in mitochondria, yeast, and E-coli cell suspensions. In most of these experiments, the effect of scattering on enzyme concentration was not quantified (Jobsis, 1977) and only a few studies have focused in the scattering factor on attenuation spectra (Hoffman and Lubbers, 1985). In order to evaluate the scattering effect on the absorption spectra of tissues, the spectral characters of hemoglobin, cytochrome c, and cytochrome oxidase were studied. To make the comparison valid, transmittance spectra were collected along a straight path at a distance of 1 cm. The extinction coefficient was determined from continuous wave spectroscopy (CWS) in clear media. These studies provide important insights with respect to the effect of scattering on tissue spectra.
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen

This essay examines a figure usually considered with justification to be the premier Roman historian of the nineteenth century and perhaps the greatest scholar in his field of all times. It tries to show why Mommsen focuses, particularly in the last volume of his magisterial study of Rome down to the end of the Republic, on the life and activities of Julius Caesar. The essay concludes by reassessing conventional narratives about why Mommsen admired Caesar, so much so that he could not bring himself to describe the death of the Roman leader whom he characterized as the founder of a “military monarchy.”
Reflections on Conceptual Openness and Conceptual Tension

Readers of a Festschrift honoring J.W.N. Watkins will surely know that once upon a time there raged a hotly-debated argument over whether the concepts used in the social sciences are individualistic or not. Having not long ago reread that debate as it was preserved by John O’Neill,1 I find myself thinking that the non-individualist papers are hardly the worse for wear, and that the individualist ones no more persuasive now than then. But I have had my say on all that in the terms in which I understood the debate and have no desire to repeat again what I said all those years ago. I would, however, like to indicate something about the nature of the problem from a perspective that was very far from my mind in those earlier years when the debate was taking place, that is, from a perspective that I have come to think of as conceptual tension.