cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The UCLA preschool vision program, 2012-2013.

Purpose To introduce the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Preschool Vision Program (UPVP) and describe the utilization pattern and challenges of the first year of implementation. Methods The UPVP aims to improve vision in 3- to 5-year-old preschoolers of Los Angeles County. On the first visit, trained personnel use a handheld autorefractometer (Retinomax 3; Righton, Japan) for initial screening and identify those who would benefit from a complete eye examination. On the second visit, the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic staff and ophthalmologists provide follow-up examinations. Prescribed eyeglasses are fit and provided by program personnel on the school site on a separate visit. Follow-up calls are made to ensure compliance. Results From a population of 12,088 children in 215 preschools, 11,260 preschoolers (mean age, 4.3 years; 49.2% females) were screened successfully. In this sample, 86% were Latino, and almost all (97%) spoke either Spanish or English. About 65% of referred preschoolers underwent a complete eye examination. Prescription eye glasses were provided for 850 preschoolers (7.5%); 95 children (0.8%) were newly diagnosed with amblyopia. Conclusions A large proportion of Los Angeles County preschoolers with refractive errors have unmet needs in terms of refractive correction. Further studies are recommended to understand barriers to eye care for children and to devise initiatives for Los Angeles's large, densely populated, and complex community to increase awareness and willingness.
FAIR APPORTIONMENT AND THE BANZHAF INDEX

2. Background. In three articles that appeared in American law journals in the mid-1960's, a lawyer named John Banzhaf III proposed to evaluate representation systems in terms of the extent to which they allocated "power" fairly [1], [2], [3]. Banzhaf's analysis makes use of game-theoretic notions in which power is equated with the ability to affect outcomes. Consider a group of citizens choosing between two opposing candidates. To calculate the power of the individual voter, we generate the set of all possible voting coalitions among the district's electorate. If there are N voters in the district, then there will be 2N possible coalitions. Then we ask, for each of these possible coalitions, whether a change in an individual voter's choice from candidate A to candidate B (or from candidate B to candidate A) would alter the electoral outcome. If so, that voter's ballot is said to be decisive. The (absolute) Banzhaf index of a voter's power is defined as the number of the voter's decisive votes divided by 2X. The higher the percentage of voter coalitions in which a voter's vote is decisive, the higher that voter's power score. The Banzhaf index has considerable intuitive appeal; power is based on ability to affect outcome. For single-member district systems (smds) whose districts are of equal population, all voters have identical power. But what about the case of multiple-member district systems (mmds), with districts of more than one size? Here, since the voters who elect k representatives have k times as much impact as voters who can elect only one representative, we might think that to equalize voter power we should assign to each district a number of representatives proportional to the size of the district's population since, intuitively, we would expect a voter's ability to decisively affect outcomes should be inversely proportional to district population. Banzhaf [2] pointed out that this argument is mathematically incorrect. In a two-candidate/party contest where all voters have equal weight, in order for a voter to be decisive in a district of size N the rest of the voters (who are N- 1 in number) must split half for one candidate/party and half against. A straightforward combinatoric analysis reveals ([2], [7], [6]; Whitcomb v. Chavis (1970) 403 U.S. at 145 n. 23) that, if all combinations of vote outcomes are equally likely (i.e., if each voter is equally likely to vote for either candidate/party), then the number of each member's decisive votes, b, is given by:
New Advances in the Study of Transmission Tower Structure of China

With the construction of UHV grid and the application of innovative transmission technologies,many new research subjects have appeared for transmission tower structures.The main research aim and direction of transmission tower is to achieve its safety and economics.some advances in the study of transmission tower structures in China,including load value,structural joints,structure optimization,wind-induced coupled vibration and breeze vibration,as well as the application of new materials such as high strength steel,tubular steel,weathering-proof steel and cold-bending profiled steel is introduced.According to the current research situation and requirements of socioeconomic development,some research contents about design theory,experiments,materials and tower shape,which should be further strengthened,are proposed for transmission tower structures.
The detection and analysis of the aluminum content in flour products

Objective:To know the situation of aluminum content in the food system,to control the amount of aluminum-containing food additives usage and to prevent excessive aluminum doing harm to human health.Methods: Detection was done based on GB/T5009.182-2003 "the determination of aluminum in flour products".Results: We have detected a total of 66 test samples,with a pass rate of 80%,of which the lowest pass rate were individual stalls with a pass rate of 27% and the highest pass rate were the pastry shop with 100%.Conclusion: Our city′s health supervision departments are trying their best to specially rectify the situation of excessive aluminum content in flour products to completely solve the food safety problems by promoting the fritters formular without aluminum.
A Rare Case of Bilateral Struma Ovarii and Review of Literature

Struma ovarii is a rare tumor with an incidence of 0.3%-0.7% and to date only 2 cases of bilateral struma ovarii have been reported in the literature. We present a case of 64-year-old woman who was admitted for evaluation of a slowly enlarging pelvic mass associated with pelvic organ prolapse for …
On the Nature of Professional Identity for Nature of Science

I embedded observation and inferences in my science lesson by talking to the students about how we made observations of the hardness of different rocks and inferred which mineral they were made of. We also discussed that we were looking at our evidence and then making determinations from that, discussing with other “scientists,” and not just taking it straight from the book.
Autism and ADHD in Tuberous Sclerosis

In a population-based psychiatric study of 28 patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS) at the University of Goteborg, Sweden, 24 had autistic symptoms and 17 met all DSM-III-R criteria for autistic disorder (AD).
Employers' Participation in Training Finance: An Example from Brazil

How are small farmers and herdsmen to be turned into skilled industrial workers after tax incentives have attracted industry to a previously agricultural region? How can the high wages and settlement costs associated with recruiting workers from other regions or other countries be avoided? One possibility is to provide training within the region, to prepare the local workforce for participation in the modern economy. But what is to be done when the government and the public agency responsible for training fail to develop an appropriate programme? Local industries must then take it upon themselves to train their own workforce. This was the strategy adopted by a group of businessmen in Montes Claros, in the state of Minas Gerais, who in 1976 decided to establish a vocational school. Because of its unusual nature, the International Labour Organization requested a case study of the institution in 1990 (Gomes, 1991). Fifteen years later, at the request of UNESCO-UNEVOC, the Montes Claros Educational Foundation was revisited. Formerly obliged to struggle for financial survival and without any foreseeable sources of funding, it was now found to be larger and more stable, generating the greater part of its resources itself, less dependant on local industries and carrying out a kind of ‘Robin Hood’ action in sustaining a number of its low-income students in its technical school. This is a formidable challenge insofar as industrial technologies are becoming more and more sophisticated and now require a foundation of complete general education. Vocational education itself is increasingly expensive—all this to be achieved in an environment of social exclusion. How can equity and high-quality vocational education be reconciled?
Shigella as a Food borne Pathogen

Shigellosis is classically thought of as a waterborne disease; however, public health data suggest that foodborne outbreaks are a significant, if not the major cause of the disease in the United States. The role of Shigella as a foodborne pathogen is reviewed, including discussions of taxonomy, epidemiology, virulence factors, growth and survival in foods and model systems, and methods for detection/identification in food products.
Caffeine Bitterness is Related to Daily Caffeine Intake and Bitter Receptor mRNA Abundance in Human Taste Tissue.

We investigated whether the abundance of bitter receptor mRNA expression from human taste papillae is related to an individual’s perceptual ratings of bitter intensity and habitual intake of bitter...
How concentrated is crime at places? A systematic review from 1970 to 2015

Despite the increasing awareness and interests about the importance of crime concentration at places, scholars have not comprehensively synthesized the body of evidence related to this thesis. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence that crime is concentrated among places. We identified 44 studies that empirically examined crime concentration at place and provided quantitative information sufficient for analysis. We organized data using visual binning and fitted logarithmic curves to the median values of the bins. We examine concentration in two conditions: when all places are studied (prevalence), and when only places with at least one crime are studied (frequency). We find that crime is concentrated at a relatively few places in both conditions. We also compared concentration for calls for services to reported crime incidents. Calls for services appear more concentrated than crime at places. Because there are several ways place is defined, we compared different units of analysis. Crime is more concentrated at addresses than other units, including street segments. We compared crime concentration over time and found less concentration in 2000s compared to 1980s and 1990s. We also compared crime concentration between U.S. and non-U.S. countries and found more concentration in U.S. Finally, violent crime is more concentrated than property crime. Though we systematically reviewed a comprehensive list of studies, summarizing this literature is problematic. Not only should more systematic reviews be conducted as more research becomes available, but future inquiries should examine other ways of summarizing these studies that could challenge our findings.
Comparative study of optical near-field transducers for heat-assisted magnetic recording

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), widely considered to be the next generation technology for high-density data storage devices, uses a tiny plasmonic antenna called a near-field transducer (NFT) to focus light down to a subdiffraction volume. This results in a temporary and local rise in temperature of the recording medium thereby reducing its coercivity, allowing the external magnetic field to write data bits in the medium. The performance of any HAMR system strongly depends on the design of the NFT. The optical performance in terms of the optical coupling efficiency and the spot size for several different NFT designs, including the triangle antenna, E antenna, bowtie aperture, lollipop antenna, and C-aperture, are considered. Also, the corresponding temperature rise in the recording medium and the NFT is calculated and several figures of merit based on the temperature profile are compared for the different designs. This work gives a comparison of the relative performances of different types of NFT and can be a basis for choosing a suitable design for HAMR applications.
EndNote for iPad (version 2.4)

EndNote for iPad is the tablet companion to the EndNote citation manager from Clarivate Analytics (formerly produced by Thomson Reuters).
Introducing Computational Thinking to Young Learners: Practicing Computational Perspectives Through Embodiment in Mathematics Education

A science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-influenced classroom requires learning activities that provide hands-on experiences with technological tools to encourage problem-solving skills (Brophy et al. in J Eng Educ 97(3):369–387, 2008; Mataric et al. in AAAI spring symposium on robots and robot venues: resources for AI education, pp 99–102, 2007). The study aimed to bring computational thinking, an applicable skill set in computer science, into existing mathematics and programming education in elementary classrooms. An essential component of computational thinking is the ability to think like a computer scientist when confronted with a problem (Grover and Pea in Educ Res 42(1):38–43. doi: 10.3102/0013189X12463051 , 2013). Computational perspectives (Berland and Wilensky in J Sci Educ Technol 24(5):628–647. doi: 10.1007/s10956-015-9552-x , 2015) refer to the frame of reference programmers or computer scientists adopt when approaching a problem. The study examined the effects of taking computational perspectives through various degrees of embodied activities (i.e., full vs. low) on students’ achievement in mathematics and programming. The study employed a 2 (full vs. low embodiment) × 2 (with vs. without computational perspective taking) factorial condition to evaluate four learning conditions from a combination of embodiment and computational perspective-taking practice. The results from this experimental study (N = 66 kindergarten and first graders) suggest that full-embody activities combined with the practice of computational perspective-taking in solving mathematics problem improved mathematics understanding and programming skills as demonstrated in Scrath Jr. among novice young learners. Moreover, the practice of using a computational perspective significantly improved students’ understanding of core programming concepts regardless of the level of embodiment. The article includes recommendations for how to make the computational thinking process more concrete and relevant within the context of a standard curriculum, particularly mathematics.
Psychosocial impact of acne and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation

Abstract: Background: Acne is one of the most common skin diseases. It has significant effect on self-image and negative impact on quality of life. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is an acquired hypermelanosis that occurs after a skin injury or cutaneous inflammation. It is common sequelae in acne patients. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial impact of acne and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation among patients treated in a dermatology outpatient clinic at the University of Miami Hospital. Methods: The study had the participation of 50 patients with acne and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. All participants volunteered to complete an anonymous questionnaire containing socio-demographical information, questions about patient's attitudes toward postinflammatory hyperpigmentation caused by acne, the Cardiff Acne Disability Index and the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Results: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was more predominant in the face. Makeup was frequently used to conceal the imperfections and the majority of patients felt embarrassed due to their condition. Interestingly, the majority of our patients did not have their quality of life impacted for acne and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Study limitations: A limitation of the study was the relatively small sample size. For this reason, the findings of the study should not be generalized to the broader community. Conclusion: The current medical literature has many studies analyzing the psychological impact of acne. This study is the first study in the literature that analyzed the psychosocial impact of acne and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation caused by acne.
Summit Selection: Designing a Feature Selection Technique to Support Mixed Data Analysis (Abstract Only)

Since data size is continuously increasing, analyzing large-scale data is considered as one of the major research challenges in computational data analysis. Although researchers have proposed numerous approaches, most of them still suffer from analyzing the data efficiently. To overcome the limitation, identifying the optimal number of features is critical for analyzing the data. In this paper, we introduce a newly designed feature selection technique, called Summit Selection, which boosts model performances by determining optimal features in noisy mixed data. First, testing all features is conducted to determine an initial base feature that satisfies a pre-defined criterion for maintaining the highest performance score. Then, a continuous evaluation is managed to build a model by successively adding or removing features based solely on the performance score tested with chosen computational models. To show the effectiveness of our proposed technique, a performance evaluation study was conducted to determine fraudulent activities in the UCSD Data Mining Contest 2009 Dataset. We compared our proposed technique with different feature extraction techniques such as PCA, ANOVA test, and Mutual Information (MI). Specifically, multiple machine learning techniques such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, and k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) are tested with the feature extraction techniques to determine performance differences. As results, we found that our proposed technique showed about 8.78% performance improvement in detecting fraudulent activities. Since our technique can be extended to a cloud computing environment, we also performed a scalability testing with a known distributed cloud computing model (i.e., Apache Spark).
Cell-Based Therapy With Cardiosphere-Derived Cardiocytes: A New Hope for Pediatric Patients With Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease?

Treatment of patients with single ventricle circulation has advanced significantly over the past 50 years with the introduction of the sequence of procedures culminating in the Fontan procedure. Although operative mortality is low in the current era, long-term transplant-free survival in this patient population remains at 50% to 70%.1 Further advancements in medical management have incrementally improved results, but long-term morbidity and mortality remain of significant concern. Article, see p 994 In this issue of Circulation Research , Sano et al2 present 2-year follow-up of 101 children born with single ventricle undergoing staged palliation that received treatment with either cardiosphere-derived cardiocytes (CDCs) or standard clinical management (no placebo). Patients reported had been enrolled in either the TICAP (Transcoronary Infusion of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Patients With Single-Ventricle Physiology) or PERSEUS (Cardiac Progenitor Cell Infusion to Treat Univentricular Heart Disease) trials, where at the time of a single ventricle palliative procedure autologous tissue was harvested for expansion of CDC. Cell therapy was delivered intracoronary after expansion of cells, usually 1 month after CDC harvest. The outcome measures evaluated included mortality, ventricular function, and adverse events. The major findings of the study were improvement in ventricular function in the treatment group compared with controls, although survival was not significantly different between these groups. In subgroup analysis, subjects with reduced ventricular function who underwent cell therapy had significantly reduced mortality and complications compared with control. With regards to study design, this article describes outcomes of 2 separately published clinical trials (TICAP and PERSEUS), with additional control patients added through a retrospective review. Even though some of …
Enhancing performance of IoT applications with load prediction and cloud elasticity

Abstract Elasticity is one of the most important services of cloud computing, referring to the ability to add or remove resources according to the needs of the application or service. In particular to the Internet of Things (IoT) scope, the use of this facility becomes pertinent since IoT requires a middleware that should be capable to handle high volume of data at real-time. Data can arrive in the middleware in parallel as in terms of input data from Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) readers as request–reply query operations from the users side. Solutions modeled at software, hardware and/or architecture levels present limitations to handle such load. In this context, this article presents Proliot - a proactive elasticity model that combines cloud and high performance computing to address the IoT scalability problem in a novel EPCglobal-compliant architecture. The model can be seen as a service that keeps the same API but offers an elastic EPCIS component in the cloud, which is designed as a collection of virtual machines (VMs) that are automatically allocated and deallocated on-the-fly in accordance with the system load. The Proliot contribution consists in a mathematical formalism that uses Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Weighted Moving Average to predict the IoT load behavior, so anticipating scaling in and out operations and then delivering VMs as close the moment they will be required as possible. Based on the Proliot model, we developed a prototype that was evaluated with different workload patterns against two concurrents: a threshold-based reactive elasticity model and non-elastic solution. The results were encouraging in favor of Proliot, presenting significant performance gains in terms of response time and request throughput.
Latent Extinction—The Living Dead

Trees and many other organisms that dot the tropical agroscape are often living dead. These are those individuals that have been stripped of the ecological circumstances that allowed them to be a reproductive member of their populations but are living out a physiological life. The term may also be applied to a portion of a population or a patch of vegetation. There are degrees of “living deadness.” A living dead individual or even population may be resuscitated through ecosystem restoration. Ecosystem alteration by humans frequently produces living dead, but living dead are also part of natural ecosystem structure. The term and concept are conveniently applied to individuals that live long enough or are conspicuous enough to be included in the lay perception of the environment. The living dead are, in their sum, a latent extinction of a species in a place. This renders them a perceptual problem in the psychology of tropical conservation because their presence obfuscates pending extinction. But living dead are also primary elements of natural processes of local extinction, immigration, and population-community structural dynamics in response to short- and long-term environmental change, be it natural or anthropogenic. Extra-tropical habitats and extreme tropical ecosystems may have fewer living dead than do complex tropical ecosystems, but they are nevertheless present. As magnificent as the living dead may be on the tropical countryside, I suggest that we not be distracted by attempting to save them, but rather that we focus our conservation efforts on saving large blocks of wildland ecosystems that are relatively complete and (it is hoped) relatively poor in living dead.
On irreversibility as a prerequisite for brain death determination.

Brain death is the colloquial term describing the determination of human death based upon showing the irreversible cessation of all clinical brain functions. Although the term brain death is potentially misleading because it suggests that there are different types of death, or that it is only the brain that is dead in such cases, it is the term that remains universally used and I will use it here.
Redox Capacity of APO Mammalian Ferritin

Mammalian ferritin is a roughly spherical 24 subunit protein 130 A across containing a hollow interior 70 A across which can contain up to 4500 iron atoms in the form of an FeOOH mineral core (1). The function of the mammalian protein is to provide the cell with a readily mobilized, biologically compatible form of iron necessary for various metabolic purposes while simultaneously strongly binding iron and thereby protecting the cell from deleterious effects promoted by free cellular iron (2,3,4). The structure of the apo ferritin molecule has been reported at 2.8 A resolution (1) and clearly shows the subunit arrangement and the hollow central core where the iron mineral is sequestered. The subunits are arranged so that 8 and 6 channels leading from the exterior to the core are formed along 3-fold and 4-fold symmetry axes, repectively. The 4-fold channels are essentially hydrophobic in nature, being lined with leucine amino acid residues, while the 3-fold channels are rendered hydrophylic by carboxylate groups lining the channel interior. These structural features have led to the hypothesis that Fe2+, reductants, oxidants and chelators enter and leave the ferritin core through these channels. Recent metal ion binding and binding competition studies (5,6,7) have implicated the hydrophylic channels as binding sites for Fe2+ (as well as other metal ions that interact with ferritin) because 8 binding sites are observed, numerically equivalent to the 8 channels along the 3-fold symmetry axes.
Pathogenesis of acute passive murine encephalomyelitis: I. Importance of host-derived cells as determined by kinetic analysis

Abstract Kinetics of entry into the CNS of donor- and host-derived T-cells during the onset of acute murine EAE induced by the passive transfer of an encephalitogenic PLP(139–151)-specific T-cell clone was investigated. RT-PCR and spectratypic analysis of total RNA recovered from recipient mice demonstrated the presence in the CNS of donor- and host-derived T-cells 24 h post adoptive transfer. Donor-derived T-cells detected in the CNS decreased days 2–6 post transfer while host-derived T-cells persisted during this time. Beginning 3 days before clinical onset, an increase in the CNS of both T-cell populations was observed which persisted through disease onset. Similar analysis performed on recipients of an nonencephalitogenic PLP(139–151)-specific T-clone demonstrated a transient infiltration of donor- and host-derived T-cells beginning 4 days post transfer (dpt) and returning to background levels by day 7 post transfer. Results presented here suggest the importance of host-derived T-cells in the onset of acute passive murine EAE.
Connectivity Measures of Uterine Activity using Magnetomyography

This work explores the use of graph-theoretical metrics of network topography to investigate interactions in the uterine activity using a multi-channel SQUID array. Magnetomyography (MMG) is a noninvasive technique that records magnetic fields associated with the uterine activity. Graph analysis was applied to 30s no-overlap epochs of MMG data for evaluating the evolution of local and global connectivity, and centrality indicators within the network. Binary graphs were obtained by applying a range of thresholds from 10% to 35% of the strongest edges preserved. Network analysis was applied to 24 simulated MMG data when independent noise realizations were added. Simulated data was generated from a multiscale forward model that uses a realistic uterus representation. Additionally, we applied network analysis to repeated real MMG measurements obtained from a subject at different gestational ages (GA) to observe the evolution of the network until subject reaches active labor. Results show in the simulation setting that network metrics were higher during the burst activity reflecting the propagation activity of the signal across the uterus of the multiscale mathematical model. The local efficiency values were higher than the global efficiency for any threshold used. For real MMG recordings, global and local efficiency, and clustering coefficient values increased as the patient approached active labor at any binarized threshold whereas betweenness centrality quantity decreased with days to active labor.
Uniform Kirchhoff graphs

Abstract This paper presents an entirely linear-algebraic interpretation of Kirchhoff graphs. Specifically, whether or not a vector graph is Kirchhoff can be determined using only the incidence matrix of the underlying digraph, and the characteristic matrix of the vector assignment function. This is then used to classify the families of matrices for which any Kirchhoff graph must be uniform, in the sense that the vector edges all occur the same number of times. Next, we demonstrate that any matrix having a Kirchhoff graph must always have a uniform example. Finally, we introduce a notion of 2-connectedness of vector graphs, and show that every 2-connected Kirchhoff graph must be uniform.
Pulmonary Effective Arterial Elastance and Pulmonary Artery Capacitance after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation is Associated with Hemocompatibility-Related Adverse Events

Purpose Both pulmonary effective arterial elastance (EaPV) and pulmonary artery capacitance (PAC) are indices of right ventricular afterload and the pulmonary circulation. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical implications of these parameters following left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Methods Patients who underwent hemodynamic testing following LVAD implantation between 4/2014-8/2018 were enrolled. EaPV was calculated as systolic pulmonary artery pressure/stroke volume. PAC was calculated as stroke volume/pulmonary artery pulse pressure. Mortality and hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAEs) (including non-surgical bleeding, neurological events and thromboembolic events) during a one-year observational period were evaluated based on the established ROC cut-off value of these variables and compared between the two groups. Results 97 patients (mean 60 years old, 62% male) underwent hemodynamic testing at 598 ± 668 days following LVAD implantation. Low EaPV was defined as 3.15 ml/mmHg. Patients in the low EaPV group had higher one year survival free of HRAEs (86.4% vs 52.0%, p Conclusion Low EaPV and high PAC are associated with improved HRAEs free survival demonstrating the impact of right ventricular afterload and pulmonary arterial remodeling on outcomes of LVAD patients.
Specify Boundary Conditions

The governing equations of incompressible turbulent flow with the k-e turbulence model can be expressed in the following general form:
Screening Mammography: There Is Value in Screening Women Aged 75 Years and Older

Objective Patient screening mammography records performed in women aged 75 years and older were reviewed to evaluate the value of screening in this population, by determining the incidence of cancer diagnosed and associated outcomes. Methods Data from patients aged 75 years and older who presented for screening mammography and underwent biopsy with resultant malignant pathology were retrospectively collected and analyzed to record patient demographics and outcomes. Results From 2007–2017, there were 763,256 screening mammography appointments in 130,232 patients, with 3716 patients diagnosed with 4412 screen-detected malignancies (5.8 per 1000 cancers). In women aged 75 years and older, 76,885 (76,885 per 130,232, 10.1%) screening mammograms were performed in 18,497patients, with 643 malignancies diagnosed in 614 women eligible for study inclusion (8.4 per 1000 cancers). Lesions frequently presented as a mass with or without calcifications (472 per 643, 73%). A majority (529 per 643, 82%) was invasive; 79% (507 per 643) stage 0 or 1, and 63% (407 per 643) grade 2 or 3. Lymph node–positive status was confirmed in 7% of patients (46 per 614). Surgical intervention was pursued by 98% of patients (599 per 614). Conclusion Screening mammograms in women aged 75 years and older comprise a small percentage of the total screening examinations; however, they represented a significant portion of all patients diagnosed with screen-detected cancers, showing a substantial cancer detection rate. Most tumors were low stage, intermediate to high grade, and invasive. The majority had treatment involving surgery, suggesting these women are in good health and want to pursue surgical intervention. Screening mammography should be performed in this age group.
High intermediate risk endometrial cancer. What is it

Thirty years ago, even minimally invasive stage I, grade 1 endometrial cancers were considered “intermediate risk” and routinely treated with adjuvant radiation therapy. As recently as the mid 1990s, such patients were still being randomized to receive adjuvant pelvic radiation on large multi-
The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Scale: a new tool for the assessment of outcomes in cancer anemia and fatigue.

Anemia, frequently associated with cancer and cancer treatment, can use a variety of symptoms that diminish overall quality of life (QOL). Fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom among cancer patients and can significantly affect their daily lives. Using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) instrument, which measures general QOL, as a core questionnaire, 20 new questions related to the impact of fatigue and other anemia-related symptoms on patients with cancer were developed. Two new instruments were produced: the FACT-Fatigue (FACT-F), consisting of the FACT-G plus 13 fatigue items (the Fatigue Subscale), and the FACT-Anemia (FACT-An), consisting of the FACT-F plus seven items addressing other concerns related to anemia, but unrelated to fatigue. FACT-F and FACT-An demonstrated good stability (r = .87 for both) and strong internal consistency (alpha = .95 and .96, respectively). Test-retest reliability coefficients for the Fatigue Subscale and nonfatigue items also showed good stability (r = .84 to .90), and the Fatigue Subscale showed strong internal consistency (alpha = .93 to .95). Convergent and discriminant validity testing revealed a significantly positive relationship with other known measures of fatigue, a significant negative relationship with vigor, and an anticipated lack of relationship with social desirability. The FACT-An, FACT-F, and Fatigue Subscale were found to successfully discriminate patients based on hemoglobin (Hb) level and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. When patients were divided into two groups by Hb levels, patients with Hb levels greater than 12 g/dL reported significantly less fatigue, fewer nonfatigue anemia symptoms, better physical well-being, better functional well-being, and higher general QOL. The FACT-An, the FACT-F, and the Fatigue Subscale are useful measures of QOL in cancer patients and add focus to the widespread clinical problems of anemia and fatigue.
Solution Phase Reactions of Organomolybdenum Friction Modifier Additives for Energy Conserving Engine Oils

The reactivity of MoDTC and ZnDTP in hydrocarbon solution was examined in detail under non-oxidizing conditions. These observations revealed increased reaction rates when polar solvents and/or short alkyl groups are encountered. Through the use of molecular modeling, it is shown that the major influences over MoDTC/ZnDTP reactivity are hard/soft acid/base and solvation interactions. As a result of this work, both MoDTC and ZnDTP appear to exist as ion pairs in engine oil formulations.
Effects of a Universal Classroom Management Intervention on Middle School Students With or At Risk of Behavior Problems

Universal interventions implemented in schools have the potential to impact large numbers of students on a multitude of behavioral and academic outcomes. In the context of a large group randomized ...
Imaging of non-neurogenic peripheral nerve malignancy—a case series and systematic review

To evaluate the frequency, clinico-pathologic and imaging features of malignant tumors in peripheral nerves which are of non-neurogenic origin (non-neurogenic peripheral nerve malignancy—PNM). We retrospectively reviewed our pathology database for malignant peripheral nerve tumors from 07/2014–07/2019 and performed a systematic review. Exclusion criteria were malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Clinico-pathologic and imaging features, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin), and standard uptake values (SUVmax) are reported. After exclusion of all neurogenic tumors (benign = 196, MPNST = 57), our search yielded 19 non-neurogenic PNMs (7%, n = 19/272), due to primary intraneural malignancy (16%, n = 3/19) and secondary perineural invasion from an adjacent malignancy (16%, n = 3/19) or metastatic disease (63%, n = 12/19). Non-neurogenic PNMs were located in the lumbosacral plexus/sciatic nerves (47%, n = 9/19), brachial plexus (32%, n = 6/19), femoral nerve (5%, n = 1/19), tibial nerve (5%, n = 1/19), ulnar nerve (5%, n = 1/19), and radial nerve (5%, n = 1/19). On MRI (n = 14/19), non-neurogenic PNM tended to be small (< 5 cm, n = 10/14), isointense to muscle on T1-W (n = 14/14), hyperintense on T2-WI (n = 12/14), with enhancement (n = 12/12), low ADCmin (0.5–0.7 × 10–3 mm2/s), and variable metabolic activity (SUVmax range 2.1–13.1). A target sign was absent (n = 14/14) and fascicular sign was rarely present (n = 3/14). Systematic review revealed 89 cases of non-neurogenic PNM. Non-neurogenic PNMs account for 7% of PNT in our series and occur due to metastases and primary intraneural malignancy. Although non-neurogenic PNMs exhibit a non-specific MRI appearance, they lack typical signs of neurogenic tumors such as the target sign. Quantitative imaging features identified by DWI (low ADC) and F18-FDG PET/CT (high SUV) may be helpful clues to the diagnosis.
Intrinsically linked graphs in projective space

We examine graphs that contain a non-trivial link in every embedding into real projective space, using a weaker notion of unlink than was used in [5]. We call such graphs intrinsically linked in RP 3 . We fully characterize such graphs with connectivity 0,1 and 2. We also show that only one Petersen-family graph is intrinsically linked in RP 3 and prove that K7 minus any two edges is also minor-minimal intrinsically linked. In all, 594 graphs are shown to be minor-minimal intrinsically linked in RP 3 .
Tags, Borders, and Catalogs: Social Re-Working of Genre on LibraryThing

Through a computational reading of the online book reviewing community LibraryThing, we examine the dynamics of a collaborative tagging system and learn how its users refine and redefine literary genres. LibraryThing tags are overlapping and multi-dimensional, created in a shared space by thousands of users, including readers, bookstore owners, and librarians. A common understanding of genre is that it relates to the content of books, but this resource allows us to view genre as an intersection of user communities and reader values and interests. We explore different methods of computational genre measurement within the open space of user-created tags. We measure overlap between books, tags, and users, and we also measure the homogeneity of communities associated with genre tags and correlate this homogeneity with reviewing behavior.Finally, by analyzing the text of reviews, we identify the thematic signatures of genres on LibraryThing, revealing similarities and differences between them. These measurements are intended to elucidate the genre conceptions of the users, not, as in prior work, to normalize the tags or enforce a hierarchy. We find that LibraryThing users make sense of genre through a variety of values and expectations, many of which fall outside common definitions and understandings of genre.
Stability Analysis of a Man-Made Slope: A Case Study on the UPNM Campus, Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur

This study performs a stability analysis to evaluate the performance of man-made slopes constructed on the UPNM campus. One of the slopes has a steep slope angle and is selected for investigation in this case study to re-examine its stability and prevent any potential hazard to people and nearby structures. The factor of safety (FOS) of the slope is determined using the ordinary method of slices and SlopeW, where the computed FOS is 0.64 and 0.88, respectively. This study did not take into account groundwater level or rock layer and hence it is recommends using soil nailing to enhance the stability of the slope. The results of this study will help local authorities identify the potential failure zone and implement possible remedial measures.
Salvage of Painful Porous Coated Stem Ulnar Head Prosthesis With Semiconstrained Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty.

Purpose To determine the functional outcome and complications after conversion from a painful and unstable ulnar head prosthesis to a semiconstrained distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty . Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 11 ulnar head prostheses in 10 patients with porous coated stems that were revised to semiconstrained prostheses. The median age of the patients was 47 years. The median number of wrist surgeries prior to conversion was 4 (range, 1–9). The median time from the ulnar head implant to the revision surgery was 47 months. Pre- and postoperative pain levels were recorded. Mayo Wrist Scores were calculated. Grip strength, range of motion, and complications and reoperations were recorded. Results All patients reported moderate or severe pain before surgery, whereas 3 patients reported moderate pain after surgery. The Mayo Wrist Score improved considerably from a median of 50 before surgery to 65 after surgery. The grip strength and forearm pronation-supination showed no change following surgery. The median wrist flexion-extension range improved considerably. Follow-up was a median of 64 (range, 15–132) months after revision surgery. Removal of the ulnar head implant was described as difficult by the surgeons, except in 1 case where the implant was loose. Resection of bone from the distal ulna was often necessary. One patient needed a reoperation requiring prosthesis removal for aseptic loosening of the stem 5 years after revision. There were 2 nondisplaced periprosthetic fractures successfully treated with cast immobilization and 2 additional minor complications, 1 postoperative stitch abscess, and 1 extensor carpi ulnaris tendinitis . Conclusions Conversion from an ulnar head implant to a semiconstrained prosthesis provided improved pain scores and function with a low reoperation rate in this patient series. Removal of an ulnar head prosthesis can be technically challenging, but it can be performed leaving enough bone stock for immediate implantation of a semiconstrained implant. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic V.
Statistical fluctuations in the i/sub 13/2/ model

The finite-temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov cranking equations are solved for the ${i}_{\frac{13}{2}}$ model. For any temperature below $k{T}_{c}=0.2$ MeV, rotations induce a sharp first-order phase transition. When statistical fluctuations in the pair gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ are included, the phase transition is smoothed out for $\frac{1}{2}{T}_{c}lTl{T}_{c}$. The rotation-aligned ${i}_{\frac{13}{2}}$ pair is unaffected by temperatures up to 0.5 MeV. The finite-temperature violation of the zero-temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov relation ${R}^{2}=R$ is given by the quasiparticle number fluctuation.
Virtual corporation tradeoffs

Interest in the virtual corporation has grown because most firms cannot afford to develop high-level competencies in all of the areas required to be truly competitive. Specializing in a narrow area, and outsourcing the rest appears to offer significant leverage. There are tradeoffs, however. Profits earned by external suppliers are lost to the core organization. Value-added experience is lost when the relationship ends, and shared experience becomes available to competitors. It is difficult to accumulate the human capital of the knowledge era. There may not be sufficient momentum to support continuous improvement over the long run. For each gain, there is a loss. Each enterprise will have to decide for itself.
The 4He(e,e’p)3H reaction at JLab

In the recent experiment E97-111 at Jefferson Lab the unseparated cross section for the (e,e’p) reaction on 4He was measured at recoil momenta up to 530 MeV/c. In the plane-wave impulse approximation, many calculations predict a sharp minimum in the cross section for recoil momenta around 450 MeV/c and show that its location is sensitive to the short-range part of the internucleon potential. However, reaction dynamic effects such as final-state interactions and meson-exchange currents can obscure such a minimum. To distinguish and study these effects data were taken at several different kinematic points. The preliminary results of the experiment are presented and compared to recent model calculations.
Late recurrence in carcinoma of the cervix

Abstract The incidence of late recurrence of cancer of the cervix (more than 10 years after primary therapy) was low, namely, 0.76 per cent (16 of 2,107 patients treated). Although these 16 patients were accepted as having bona fide recurrences, some of them may have had new cancers or even radiation-induced cancers. Radiation was the initial therapy for every patient who had recurrence. The sites of recurrence varied, and multiple regions and organs, particularly within the pelvis, were often involved. Treatment was individualized and included radical surgery, radiation (intracavitary radium and external-beam therapy), and chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. To date 3 patients have survived for 4½ years or longer after treatment of the recurrence. In all 3, the treatment of the recurrence was surgical.
Formulating wideband array-pattern optimizations

Custom design of wideband digital array patterns requires a systematic approach to mapping design specifications to a program understandable by optimization engines. We show that, as in the narrowband case, wideband array patterns are closely related to multidimensional FIR filter responses, suggesting the adaptation of powerful and efficient filter design techniques to the array problem. Previously reported FIR filter design techniques are then applied to an example array-pattern design.
Combined convective and diffusive simulations: VERB-4D comparison with 17 March 2013 Van Allen Probes observations

This study is focused on understanding the coupling between different electron populations in the inner magnetosphere and the various physical processes that determine evolution of electron fluxes at different energies. Observations during the 17 March 2013 storm and simulations with a newly developed Versatile Electron Radiation Belt-4D (VERB-4D) are presented. Analysis of the drift trajectories of the energetic and relativistic electrons shows that electron trajectories at transitional energies with a first invariant on the scale of ~100 MeV/G may resemble ring current or relativistic electron trajectories depending on the level of geomagnetic activity. Simulations with the VERB-4D code including convection, radial diffusion, and energy diffusion are presented. Sensitivity simulations including various physical processes show how different acceleration mechanisms contribute to the energization of energetic electrons at transitional energies. In particular, the range of energies where inward transport is strongly influenced by both convection and radial diffusion are studied. The results of the 4-D simulations are compared to Van Allen Probes observations at a range of energies including source, seed, and core populations of the energetic and relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere.