cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Prognostic Nested k-Nearest Approach for Microwave Precipitation Phase Detection over Snow Cover

AbstractMonitoring changes of precipitation phase from space is important for understanding the mass balance of Earth’s cryosphere in a changing climate. This paper examines a Bayesian nearest neig...
Characterization of 1200V 300A SiC MOSFET Switching Performance Dependence on Load-Cable -Output Filter and Control Deadtime Optimization

SiC MOSFET switching exhibits high dependence on load current, especially during switch-off. Higher dv/dt from SiC faster switching necessitates installation of output filter when long cables are used for inverter-motor connection. Both long cable and dv/dt filter introduce further deviation on switching performance. Impacts from varying load levels, long cable and output filter are investigated experimentally and compared with Si IGBTs performance in this paper. Among the variables, load current demonstrates dominant effect on turn-off time. Based on detailed characterization results, relationship between load current and turn-off time is derived for control deadtime optimization.
Treatment of Headache in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Multimodal Approach

Abstract Sudden severe headache is a cardinal symptom and the most common complaint amongst patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The multifactorial etiology of these headaches makes pharmacotherapy problematic. Current aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage guidelines have limited or no recommendations for headache treatment. Our institution utilizes a multimodal pharmacotherapy protocol in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage headache. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the current aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage headache treatment approach at our institution. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A multimodal aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage headache treatment protocol was implemented in February 2014. After an eight-month washout period, patients treated between September 2014 and November 2017 represented the study cohort. Data collected included severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and headache, interventions to secure the aneurysm, pain score response related to specific analgesic administered, and discharge status. Multivariate analysis and linear regression were used to identify predictors of treatment efficacy. A total of 249 patients were identified in the study cohort. The majority of patients were female (61.4%) with a median age of 54 years (±12.5), median Hunt and Hess score of 2 (interquartile range 2–3), and mean length of hospitalization of 15.2 days. Magnesium infusion had the largest reduction in mean pain score compared to baseline pain score (−0.75; p = 0.0002). In this retrospective cohort study involving patients presenting with headache secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, no agent resulted in a clinically significant improvement on headache pain scores.
National Security, Protectionism, and Shareholder Wealth

We study the economic consequences of the Foreign Investment and National Security Act (FINSA). FINSA is a protectionist foreign investment screening law that grants U.S. regulators broad new powers to revise or reject foreign acquisitions of U.S. firms. After FINSA, takeovers and equity values decline for firms in 61 industries – comprising one-third of the Compustat universe – that regulators deem relevant to national security. A wide variety of robustness tests corroborate. This study documents an important tradeoff between U.S. national security and shareholder wealth: Securities regulation designed to address national security threats deters demand for U.S. equities and lowers firm value.
Supplemental Paper to: “A Critical Assessment of the Originalist Case Against Administrative Regulatory Power: New Evidence from the Federal Tax on Private Real Estate in the 1790s”

This paper is a supplement to my article “A Critical Assessment of the Originalist Case Against Administrative Regulatory Power: New Evidence From the Federal Tax on Private Real Estate in the 1790s."
Psychoacoustics and classroom acoustics: New possibilities for interaction

For more than a century, psychoacoustics has contributed to our understanding of how humans perceive sound and how the human auditory system encodes sound. Although general knowledge from psychoacoustics is clearly relevant to classroom acoustics, relatively little research has directly linked these two areas of study. Perhaps the closest link is in the detection and perception of a single ideal acoustic reflection, where psychoacoustics has documented effects of various factors, such as reflection delay, reflection direction, and source material. Of course, real rooms are vastly more complex acoustically, and thus, the psychoacoustic complexities already evident with single reflections surely multiply in real rooms. Historically, there have also been challenges in the experimental control of relevant room acoustic parameters. Virtual acoustics has largely solved this problem, but detailed scientific study of the perceptual aspects of room acoustics still involves exploring a very large parameter space, which can be prohibitively time-intensive for human subjects testing. Here, a computational modeling approach based on psychoacoustic principles is described that greatly facilities parameter space exploration. The modeling is applied to the problem of determining reverberation detection threshold, which provides critical and missing basic information regarding the limits of human sensitivity to room reverberation.
Stent interventions for pulmonary artery stenosis improve bi-ventricular flow efficiency in a swine model

Branch pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis (PAS) commonly occurs in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Prior studies have documented technical success and clinical outcomes of PA stent interventions for PAS but the impact of PA stent interventions on ventricular function is unknown. The objective of this study was to utilize 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to better understand the impact of PAS and PA stenting on ventricular contraction and ventricular flow in a swine model of unilateral branch PA stenosis. 18 swine (4 sham, 4 untreated left PAS, 10 PAS stent intervention) underwent right heart catheterization and CMR at 20 weeks age (55 kg). CMR included ventricular strain analysis and 4D flow CMR. 4D flow CMR measured inefficient right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) flow patterns in the PAS group (RV non-dimensional (n.d.) vorticity: sham 82 ± 47, PAS 120 ± 47; LV n.d. vorticity: sham 57 ± 5, PAS 78 ± 15 p < 0.01) despite the PAS group having normal heart rate, ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume. The intervention group demonstrated increased ejection fraction that resulted in more efficient ventricular flow compared to untreated PAS (RV n.d. vorticity: 59 ± 12 p < 0.01; LV n.d. vorticity: 41 ± 7 p < 0.001). These results describe previously unknown consequences of PAS on ventricular function in an animal model of unilateral PA stenosis and show that PA stent interventions improve ventricular flow efficiency. This study also highlights the sensitivity of 4D flow CMR biomarkers to detect earlier ventricular dysfunction assisting in identification of patients who may benefit from PAS interventions.
An overview of the mammals of the Gila region, New Mexico

A study of the mammals of the Gila region of New Mexico was conducted from 2012 through 2020, with 2,919 voucher specimens collected through fieldwork and collaborations with commercial trappers, in addition to data from camera traps, review of major holdings at 46 museums ( n = 12,505 georeferenced specimens), and literature review. Specimens cover a 170-year span, dating back to 1850 and were unevenly distributed spatially and temporally across the Gila region. Most areas were very poorly represented and when summed across all mammal species, ranged from 0.02 to 3.7 specimens per km 2 . The survey documented 108 species (104 now extant) for the region. High species richness, greater than that reported for 38 states in the United States, is likely due to the juxtaposition of multiple biomes in the Gila, including the Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Great Basin deserts, the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre Occidental, and nearby “sky islands’’ of the Southwest. Two species, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae and Zapus luteus, are documented for the first time from the study area. Expansions of the known range of these species , and Sciurus arizonensis are described from specimen and camera data. Preliminary phylogeographic studies of four species ( Notiosorex crawfordi, Neotoma albigula, Perognathus flavus, and Thomomys bottae ) using the mitochondrial cytochrome- b gene reveal the dynamic biogeographic history of the region and reinforce how landscape complexity and climate change have jointly contributed to diversification and thus high mammalian diversity in the region.
Wischnitzer's residency manual

Preface Introduction Part I. Selecting a Specialty: 1. Considering your options 2. Selecting your specialty 3. Major specialties 4. Medical subspecialties 5. Surgical subspecialties 6. Other subspecialties Part II. Securing a Residency: 7. Laying the groundwork 8. Getting started 9. Residency program selection 10. Applying for a residency 11. The residency interview 12. Facing the match Part III. Surviving a Residency: 13. Becoming oriented 14. Meeting responsibilities 15. Protecting your assets 16. Professional challenges facing residents 17. Personal challenges facing residents 18. Surviving yet thriving Part IV. Succeeding in Practice: 19. Securing a position 20. Practice options 21. Marketing and operating a successful practice 22. Monitoring your professional and personal finances 23. Responding to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) 24. The Art of medicine Appendix I. Major professional organizations Appendix II. Sample resumes Appendix III. Sample personal statements Glossary Abbreviations Bibliography.
Treater to Target: Experiences of a Prostate Cancer Participant

Words matter. Therefore I have substituted “cancer participant” for the much more common term, “cancer survivor.” Webster’s dictionary defines survivor as: One who lives through affliction, One who outlives another. Survivor is the most common identifier for any individual who carries the diagnosis of a particular disease and is still alive. It is specifically applied in the cancer community to imply a victory over the declared enemy – the cancer cell. It also implies a certain degree of rigor and determination that a particular individual demonstrates in the cancer battle, and, consciously or subconsciously, implies that the nonsurvivors, the patients who have succumbed to their disease process, perhaps did not fight hard or long enough.
Pile Design in Expansive Soils

Expansive soils swell when water is introduced. Such soils can create major problems for both shallow foundations and pile foundations. Expansive soils are mostly silty clays. If the design engineer suspects the presence of expansive soil, he or she should obtain the expansive index of the soil. The expansive index test is described in ASTM D 4829, ‘‘Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils.’’ In this test, a soil specimen is compacted into a metal ring so that the degree of saturation is between 40% and 60%. The specimen is placed in a consolidometer and a vertical pressure of 1 psi is applied to the specimen. Next, the specimen is inundated with distilled water, and the deformation of the specimen is recorded for 24 hours. The swell or the expansion of the soil volume is computed.
Trajectory planning for antagonistic non-linearly quantized SMA actuator arrays based on evolutionary optimization

This paper presents an evolutionary optimization approach to the control of antagonistic shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator arrays. The actuator and control architectures are inspired by the neuromuscular system, which achieves smooth and accurate movements despite nonlinearities and uncertainties in control and estimation. SMA actuators produce contractile forces and have a high power-density, but exhibit nonlinearity and significant hysteresis in their thermo-mechanical behavior. A floating-point quantization (FPQ) schema is used to determine a non-uniform array distribution, resulting in motor variability similar to that observed in humans. Actuator arrays are used in an antagonistic configuration for joint control of a planar link. An evolutionary optimization approach is used to determine the optimal control inputs for point-to-point trajectories.
Susceptibility to maladaptive responses to stress in basic military training based on variants of temperament and character.

The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores of three groups of U.S. Air Force basic trainees. The following groups were used: those who were psychiatrically hospitalized, a control group, and a group identified as being at risk for early separation from basic training because of psychological reasons. The instrument used was the TCI. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc comparisons, and stepwise backward discriminant analysis. The controls were found to have healthier temperament and character profiles than both the at-risk (p < 0.01) and hospitalized (p < 0.01) groups. No difference was found between the at-risk and hospitalized groups on TCI scores. The TCI was found to successfully predict 82% of controls, 25% of at-risk, and 64% of hospitalized recruits. Risk factors for maladaptive responses to stress and possible ways of primary prevention are presented.
Polymer and protein surface coatings on silicone: effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and colonization

Background Surface modifications of silicone have been attempted to reduce the incidence of shunt infections. However, the influence of surface hydrophobicity, roughness, and functional groups on bacterial adhesion has not been fully elucidated, and reports of protein effects are conflicting. Therefore, we have tested silicone coated with different biopolymers, silanes, and proteins to determine how these modifications influence Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and colonization.
A completely integrated, low noise, low power CMOS frequency synthesizer for GSM communications

A low power 22-mW 900-MHz frequency synthesizer (FS), with an on-chip LCtuned voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for GSM applications is presented. The synthesizer possesses several novel features that include a completely integrated structure, a low phase noise on-chip LC VCO, a low-power Dual-Modulus Divider (DMD) in CML topology, a compensated charge pump with balanced switching, an on-chip third order loop filter and a proposed relatively easy to implement fractional accumulator based frequency synthesis technique. The complete synthesizer achieves in-band phase noise characteristics better than -110 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset. The channel switching time is less than 500 /spl mu/s for a 25 MHz frequency hop. The synthesizer is able to accommodate all 195 transmit and receive channels in the R-GSM band. The proposed architecture has been realized using the 0.5 /spl mu/m AMI C5N technology. The complete integrated synthesizer occupies less than 1500 /spl times/ 700 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ of die real estate.
Chloroplast culture X: thylakoid assembly in vitro

The conversion of prothylakoids into macrograna has been demonstrated in vitro. Etiochloroplasts were preloaded with prothylakoid components by pretreatment of etiolated cucumber cotyledons with kinetin + gibberellic acid. The plastids were then isolated and incubated under continuous illumination with exogenous δ-aminolevulinic acid and cofactors. Massive amounts of chlorophyll a were formed, which together with the prothylakoid material were assembled into giant grana. The chlorophyll a pool was formed via short wavelength and long wavelength protochlorophyll(ide) holochrome species. The major chromophore of the latter consisted mainly of divinyl protochlorophyllide.
The Role of Technological Change in Increasing Gender Equity with a Focus on Information and Communications Technology

This paper considers the potential role of various transformative general-purpose technologies in affecting gender equity. The particular technologies considered at length and contrasted are four network technologies: electricity and water provision on the one hand, and the newer information and communications technologies of the Internet and mobile phones on the other. Available evidence on the effects of transformative technologies, both historically and in recent developing country contexts, is surveyed. The results indicate difficulties in finding cleanly measurable factors due to the complex nature of the effects of the technologies, as well as the containment of many effects in the household/nonmarket sector rather than the market sector. However, there is some optimism regarding continued expansion of electrification and the use of mobile phones in particular for improving women's empowerment.
Effect of modification of N-acetylneuraminic acid on the binding of glycoproteins to influenza virus and on susceptibility to cleavage by neuraminidase.

Abstract Glycoprotein substrates for neuraminidase and glycoprotein inhibitors of the agglutination of erythrocytes by influenza virus were subjected to oxidation by very low concentrations of periodate under conditions which selectively oxidize N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), to the 8carbon and 7-carbon aldehydes. Molar ratios of periodate to NANA were varied from 0.2 to 4.5. Reduction of the oxidized glycoproteins with sodium borohydride yielded glycoproteins containing the 8- and 7-carbon analogues of NANA as well as the parent 9-carbon compound in amounts depending on the quantity of periodate employed. These were quantitated in the mixture by means of gas-liquid chromatography. Under the conditions used, periodate oxidation of other sugars in the glycoproteins could not be detected. The capacity of neuraminidases from Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium perfringens, and PR-8 influenza virus to cleave N-acetylneuraminic acid or its 8-carbon (NANA-8) or 7-carbon (NANA-7) analogues from native and modified orosomucoid and from NANA-, NANA-8-, and NANA-7-N-acetylgalactosaminitol were studied. NANA-8 was hydrolyzed from the glycoproteins and the reduced disaccharide at an initial rate about 30% of that for NANA. The 7-carbon analogue of NANA was not cleaved from the reduced disaccharide, but was slowly cleaved from modified orosomucoid at an initial rate of 5 to 10% of that for NANA. It was concluded that the optimum activity of neuraminidase requires the intact structure of the polyhydroxy side chain of NANA. When the molar ratio of periodate to NANA exceeded 1.5, all of the NANA was converted to the 8- and 7-carbon analogues, and the capacity of the glycoproteins to inhibit agglutination of human erythrocytes by PR-8 influenza virus was reduced by 95 to 100%. It is concluded that carbon atoms 7, 8, and 9 in the polyhydroxy side chain of NANA acid in glycoproteins are involved in their binding to influenza virus.
Characteristics of abstainers from substance use and antisocial behavior in the United States

Abstract Purpose Whether lifetime abstainer's antisocial behavior is maladjusted or well-adjusted is unresolved. The aim of this study was to compare abstainers (defined as persons with no lifetime use of alcohol and other drugs and non-engagement in antisocial or delinquent behavior) with non-abstainers across a range of sociodemographic and mental health characteristics in the United States. Methods Data were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Structured psychiatric interviews (N = 43,093) using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule — DSM-IV version (AUDADIS-IV) were completed by trained lay interviewers between 2001 and 2002. Results The prevalence of abstaining was 11 percent. Abstainers were significantly more likely to be female, Asian and African–American, born outside the U.S., and less likely to be unemployed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that abstainers were significantly less likely to evidence lifetime mood, anxiety, or personality disorder compared to non-abstainers. Conclusions Findings indicate that abstainers are not maladapted and are comparatively more functional than non-abstainers.
Femtosecond nanomachining: theory and applications in biomedical research and analysis

The nonlinear mechanisms of femtosecond laser damage allow tight control of ablation to precisely remove very small amounts of material, leaving holes as small as tens of nanometers wide. By serially targeting laser pulses in glass, a host of three dimensional nano- and microfluidic structures can be formed including nozzles, mixers, and separation columns. Recent advances allow the formation of high aspect ratio nanochannels from single pulses, thus helping address fabrication speed limitations presented by serial processing. Femtosecond nanomachining is enabling for a variety of applications including nanoscale devices for analytic separations, chemical analysis, and biomedical diagnostics.
The Significance of Weight Loss in the Evaluation of Pituitary Response to LH-RH in Women with Secondary Amenorrhea1

Sixteen women with amenorrhea occurring in the setting of severe self-imposed weight loss and 18 women with secondary amenorrhea due to other causes were given LH-RH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone). Women with weight loss were found to be unresponsive to LH-RH when severely underweight. FSH responsiveness returnedin a linear fashion as weight gain occurred and was not related to estrogen levels. LH responsiveness also returned with weight gain although the relationship was not linear but exponential and a sudden increase in responsiveness occurred at 15%below ideal weight. No relationship to estrogen levels could be found. Women who experienced amenorrhea in a setting other than weight loss did not demonstrate responsiveness to LH-RH which could be correlated with body mass, even when underweight. Women who experienced amenorrhea with weight loss had a consistently lower LH responseto LH-RH than the second group and their LH response was always lower than the FSH response. On the other hand, a var...
What Boys With an Autism Spectrum Disorder Say About Establishing and Maintaining Friendships

Seven boys, 10 to 14 years old, with autism spectrum disorders and good verbal communication, were interviewed to determine how they establish and maintain friendships. Parents and the boys’ teachers were interviewed for supportive information. All of the boys had friends, and 6 described establishing friendships as the most difficult aspect. Reasons for difficulty in establishing friendships included the desire not to be the one who initiated contact, the intention to avoid violating the social hierarchy of the school, and concerns related to being exploited or being a nuisance. The 7th boy did not desire friendships beyond family friends. All participants described shared interests as critical to maintaining friendships. Four youth have maintained stable friendships across distances and transitions.
The spatiotemporal pattern of Src activation at lipid rafts revealed by diffusion-corrected FRET imaging.

Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been widely applied to visualize the molecular activity in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, the rapid diffusion of biosensor proteins hinders a precise reconstruction of the actual molecular activation map. Based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments, we have developed a finite element (FE) method to analyze, simulate, and subtract the diffusion effect of mobile biosensors. This method has been applied to analyze the mobility of Src FRET biosensors engineered to reside at different subcompartments in live cells. The results indicate that the Src biosensor located in the cytoplasm moves 4–8 folds faster (0.93±0.06 µm2/sec) than those anchored on different compartments in plasma membrane (at lipid raft: 0.11±0.01 µm2/sec and outside: 0.18±0.02 µm2/sec). The mobility of biosensor at lipid rafts is slower than that outside of lipid rafts and is dominated by two-dimensional diffusion. When this diffusion effect was subtracted from the FRET ratio images, high Src activity at lipid rafts was observed at clustered regions proximal to the cell periphery, which remained relatively stationary upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. This result suggests that EGF induced a Src activation at lipid rafts with well-coordinated spatiotemporal patterns. Our FE-based method also provides an integrated platform of image analysis for studying molecular mobility and reconstructing the spatiotemporal activation maps of signaling molecules in live cells.
Geometric and electronic structure of antimony on the GaAs(110) surface studied by scanning tunneling microscopy

Antimony overlayers on the GaAs(110) surface have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The Sb is observed to grow as a 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 ordered monolayer. The positions of the Sb atoms in the surface unit cell are deduced from voltage-dependent imaging, and compared with previously proposed structural models. A best fit is found for a model in which the Sb atoms occupy positions similar to what would be the positions of Ga and As atoms at an unrelaxed GaAs(110) surface, in agreement with the results from low-energy electron-diffraction experiments. The surface-state density is measured with tunneling spectroscopy. Two filled-state peaks and one empty-state peak are observed in the spectra, as well as a band-gap region with a width nearly equal to the bulk band gap. These observations are compared with previous photoemission results and theoretical calculations.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN TEACHING ECONOMETRICS

In most econometrics courses the students are given limited exposure to the empirical applications of econometric theory. The use of canned programs would make it possible to cover more applied econometric work, and help prepare the students for more empirical work. The computer can be a valuable teaching aid for both instructor and student. The students will also gain valuable experience in the area of computer assisted data analysis. This paper discusses many of the programs appropriate for use in econometrics courses. Examples of problems using programs, and several alternative outlines of possible courses in applied econometrics are presented.
Cutaneous sarcoidosis: clinical features and management.

Of 145 patients with clinical and histologic evidence of sarcoidosis, 41 (28 percent) presented with various cutaneous manifestations of the disease. The skin lesions have included erythema nodosum in 14 patients, lupus pernio in 6, skin plaques in 9, maculopapular eruptions in 10, and scars in 2 patients. Two patients with erythema nodosum had subcutaneous nodules. Erythema nodosum was accompanied by early reversible bilateral hilar adenopathy in 64 percent of patients. X-ray abnormality cleared in 79 percent of patients. Lupus pernio and skin plaques were associated with a chronic persistent course. Radiologic clearing of the lungs occurred in 22 percent of patients with skin plaques and in none of the patients with lupus pernio. Ocular and bone lesions were seen more often in patients with chronic skin lesions, whereas peripheral lymphadenopathy was frequent in patients with maculopapular rash. Skin lesions do not constitute an absolute indication for therapy. Unsightly lesions may be corrected by oral and topical corticosteroid therapy. Chloroquine has been proved to be effective in selected instances of chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis.
The Derivation of Simple Formulas for Comparing Investment Alternatives With and Without Load and Account Fees

Loads and account fees reduce the terminal value of an investment. For this reason accounts that are subject to fees and loads have to earn higher returns than no-fee, no-load accounts to generate the same terminal value over a given investment horizon. This article develops simple formulas that can be used to perform “what if’ calculations important in developing financial plans. The formulas show that the amount by which the return on a fee, load account has to exceed the return on a no-fee, noload account diminishes as the fees and loads get smaller, the investment horizon gets longer, and the size of the current investment gets larger.
pH dependence of the oxidation-reduction potential of cytochrome c2.

Abstract The pH dependence of the spectra and of the oxidation-reduction potential of three cytochromes c 2 , from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Rhodomicrobium vannielii , were studied. A single alkaline p K was observed for the spectral changes in all three ferricytochromes. In Rps. capsulata cytochrome c 2 this spectroscopic p K corresponds to the p K observed in the dependence of oxidation-reduction potential on pH. For the other two cytochromes the oxidation-reduction potential showed a complex dependency on pH which can be fitted to theoretical curves involving three ionizations. The third ionization corresponds to the ionization observed in the spectroscopic studies but the first two occur without changes in the visible spectra. The possible structural bases for these ionizations are discussed.
What is the Evidence for Total Knee Arthroplasty in Young Patients?: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background TKA is commonly performed to treat advanced inflammatory and degenerative knee arthritis. With increasing use in younger patients, it is important to define the best practices to enhance clinical performance and implant longevity.
Three-dimensional natural convection in a confined porous medium heated from below

Previous analyses of natural convection in a porous medium have drawn seemingly contradictory conclusions as to whether the motion is two- or three-dimensional. This investigation uses numerical results to show the relationship between previous contending observations, and demonstrates that there exists more than one mode of convection for any particular physical configuration and Rayleigh number. In some cases, a particular flow situation may be stable even though it does not maximize the energy transfer across the system. The methods used are based on the efficient numerical solution of the governing equations, formulated with the definition of a vector potential. This approach is shown to be superior to formulating the equations in terms of pressure. For a cubic region the flow pattern at a particular value of the Rayleigh number is not unique and is determined by the initial conditions. In some cases there exist four alternatives, two- and three-dimensional, steady and unsteady.
Artificial soils to assess temperature sensitivity of the decomposition of model organic compounds: effects of chemical recalcitrance and clay-mineral composition.

Understanding the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is important to predict the response of soil carbon (C) dynamics to projected global warming. There is no consensus, however, as to whether or not the decomposition of recalcitrant soil C is as sensitive to temperature as is that of labile soil C. Soil C is stabilized by three mechanisms: chemical recalcitrance, mineral interaction and physical accessibility. We used artificial soils with controlled compositions to assess the effects of chemical recalcitrance (cellulose compared with lignin) and clay-mineral composition with montmorillonite (M) or kaolinite (K) on the decomposition of model organic compounds at 2, 12, 22 and 32°C. When only substrate composition was varied, the presence of cellulose enhanced the decomposition rate of lignin. Treatments with relatively large amounts of cellulose were very sensitive to temperature only at low temperatures (2–12°C), whereas treatments with relatively large amounts of lignin had similar temperature sensitivities at all temperatures. When only clay-mineral composition was varied, CO2 production rates were greatest in soils containing kaolinite-montmorillonite mixtures (10% K:20% M) and least in soils containing kaolinite only at temperatures ≥12°C. Clay mixtures and pure montmorillonite treatments had their greatest temperature sensitivities at 2–12°C, whereas pure kaolinite treatments had the greatest temperature sensitivities at 12–22°C. Temperature sensitivities at the highest temperatures (22–32°C) were all small (Q10 < 1.1 on days 30 and 140). Artificial soils with controlled but flexible compositions may serve as simple and useful models for evaluating SOM dynamics with a minimum of confounding factors.
Capillary Flows of Highly Filled Epoxy/Ni Suspensions for Conductive Adhesive Applications

Epoxy/Ni adhesives can be used as integrated circuit (IC) packaging materials due to their lower cost than epoxy/Ag adhesives with acceptable electrical conductivity. In this study, stable and unstable capillary flows of highly filled epoxy/Ni suspensions were investigated with and without cure at room temperature, via the capillary rheometer and syringe extrusion. Variations of the bulk electrical conductivity in these processes were discussed as well. Axial filtration of the polymer binder occurs under the static pressure for Epon815C/Ni/DETA adhesive with 50 wt% of Ni in syringe, resulting in an unstable flow and a cross-sectional filler concentration or electrical conductivity gradient. In dynamic capillary extrusion, lower resin viscosity and apparent shear rates enhance the flow instability and filtering of polymeric binder for epoxy/Ni suspensions with 75 wt% of Ni, thus facilitating a change in bulk electrical conductivity during processing. With increasing shear rates, the force oscillation frequency and force magnitudes increase. Incorporation of Ni nanopowders promotes a stable flow, yet the occurrence of agglomerates somewhat nullifies this advantage. Additionally, different rheological behaviors result as cure proceeds with different resins. Also, occurrence of the agglomerates leads to flow instabilities during processing with cure.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A nonstandard symmetry breaking phenomenon in sheet metal stretching

Abstract Mathematical models for stamping of metal blanks are based upon the physical principles of equilibrium of forces, material constitutive laws and constraints resulting from contact between the blank and the press itself. We investigate singularities in the differential algebraic equation (DAE) resulting from one such model. In particular, the inability of numerical integrators to preserve anticipated symmetries in its solution as time advances is shown to be due to singularities on or close to the solution curve.
Location of an acute myocardial infarct in patients with a healed myocardial infarct: analysis of 129 patients studied at necropsy.

Abstract To determine the relation of a single healed myocardial infarct to a fatal acute myocardial infarct, 129 patients with 1 grossly visible healed and 1 grossly visible acute infarct were studied at necropsy. It was determined whether the acute infarct was opposite to or adjacent to the healed infarct or if 1 infarct was so large that it was both opposite to and adjacent to the other infarct. In 74 (57%) of the 129 patients, the 2 infarcts were opposite one another, in 40 (31%) they were adjacent and in 15 (12%) they were both opposite and adjacent. The age, sex, mean size of the healed infarct and heart weight were similar among the 3 groups. Acute myocardial infarcts were larger in the group that had both opposite and adjacent infarcts than either of the other 2 groups (p 75% in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque was similar in patients with recognized and in those with unrecognized infarcts. Similar numbers of narrowed major epicardial coronary arteries also were found in each of the 3 infarct groups (opposite, adjacent or both).
Perspectives on bluff body aerodynamics

The variations of drag and base suction of circular cylinders and bluff plates over the range of Reynolds number from 10 to 10^7 is discussed, with emphasis on the importance of the separated shear layers. A model for flows with a wake splitter plate is proposed. Effects of “three dimensionality” are discussed.
Shock-loading meteoritic b.c.c. metal above the pressure transition - Remanent-magnetization stability and microstructure

The paper describes the remanent-magnetization stability and microstructure associated with samples of b.c.c. Fe-Ni from the Odessa meteorite which were shock loaded at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 kbar. The samples include those which were transformation hardened as well as those which were altered by varying thermal levels associated only with the shock levels themselves. Demagnetization curves for an unshocked Odessa sample and for samples shocked at each level are presented along with saturation isothermal remanence demagnetization curves for samples shocked at 600 and 1000 kbar. It is found that: (1) the 200-kbar sample was shock-hardened with no significant thermal effects; (2) stability to demagnetization decreased in the 400- and 600-kbar specimens, indicating that recovery took place; and (3) the specimens shocked at 800 and 100 kbar had the greatest demagnetization stability. These three levels of shock effects are shown to be delimited by discrete levels of microhardness, microstructure, and stability of remanence to demagnetization. It is concluded that the first level is simply a consequence of antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic reversal and that the other two levels contain a thermal component.
Mean field approach to the instanton-induced effects close to the QCD phase transition

It was suggested earlier that the chiral phase transition is driven by a transition from random instanton\char21{}anti-instanton liquid to correlated instanton\char21{}anti-instanton molecules. So far this phenomenon was studied by numerical simulations, while we develop an alternative semianalytic approach. For two massless quark flavors, both instantons and ``molecules'' generate specific four-fermion effective interactions. After those are derived, we determine the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic quantities, the quark condensate, and the fraction of molecules using the standard mean field method. Using the Bethe-Salpeter equation, we calculate the $T$-dependence of mesonic correlation functions. These results shed new light on the problem of modification of hadrons, and they can be tested directly in lattice simulations.
Response of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum to the sex pheromone of its host Heliothis zea

This paper presents results of olfactometer experiments with the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its host the corn earworm moth, Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The sex pheromone of the host significantly reduced the total number of border crossings between odour fields in the olfactometer. Also, female parasitoids made significantly more visits to the calling moth odour field than to the opposite control field in the olfactometer. Further, the wasps spent significantly more time in the olfactometer field containing the sex pheromone released by calling virgin moths, than in control fields. If non-calling virgin moths were used as odour source, the response was reversed and wasps were repelled by the odour of the moths, and the numbers of visits were evenly distributed over the four flow fields. These results are discussed in the context of foraging ecology of egg parasitoids. Resume Reponse du parasite oophage Trichogramma pretiosum a la pheromone sexuelle de son hote Heliothis zea Des experiences menees en olfactometrie avec le parasite oophage Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) et son hote, Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) donnent les resultats suivants. La presence de la pheromone sexuelle de l'hote reduit de facon significative le nombre de passages entre les champs odorises. De meme, les parasites visitent plus frequemment le champ qui dispense l'odeur de la femelle en appel que le champ temoin place a l'oppose. Par ailleurs, le temps passe dans le champ qui contient la pheromone sexuelle emise par les femelles vierges en appel est siginificativement superieur a la duree de visite des champs temoins. Si l'on utilise comme source d'odeur des femelles vierges qui ne sont pas en appel, la reponse est inversee, les parasites sont alors repousses par l'odeur de ces papillons et le nombre de visites est distribue de facon aleatoire entre les quatre champs. Ces resultats sont discutes dans le contexte de l'ecologie du comportement de recherche chez les parasites oophages.
Effect of Type of Curriculum on Educational Outcomes and Motivation Among Marketing Students With Different Learning Styles

Using an active learning approach to motivate students to learn has been advocated by many educators. It has been an ongoing discussion on whether marketing educators should customize their teachin...
A Factor Analytic Study of Teaching Methods That Influence Retention among MBA Alumni

Abstract MBA alumni of Rutgers University were surveyed to determine the factors that were perceived to influence their long-term retention of course material. Exploratory factor analysis was used, and a 4-factor structure was found to be most interpretable. These factors were identified as (a) traditional, (b) interactive, (c) rejuvenating, and, (d) relevant. The results suggest that teaching methods that emphasize these 4 factors—which were also found to be independent of student academic performance—could enhance long-term retention of course material as well as the overall quality of the MBA program.
Prospects for gene therapy in human prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm in men and a significant cause of mortality in affected patients. Despite significant advances, current methods of treatment are effective only in the absence of metastatic disease. Gene therapy offers a renewed hope of using the differential characteristics of normal and malignant tissue in constructing treatment strategies. Several clinical trials in prostate cancer gene therapy are currently under way, using immunomodulatory genes, anti-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and suicide genes. A continued understanding of the etiological mechanisms involved in the establishment and progression of prostate cancer, along with advances in gene therapy technology, should make gene therapy for prostate cancer therapeutically valuable in the future.
Some comments on an approximation by Awojobi

Abstract In several papers Awojobi has used an approximation technique to solve the problems of the forced oscillations of a body on an elastic stratum. The present paper compares his approximate solution for axially symmetric torsion with numerical results derived from an integral equation developed by Gladwell. The approximate results show acceptable accuracy for the prediction of resonant frequencies. The prediction of resonant amplitude is limited by the nature of the approximate method.
Pediatric Head Injury and Concussion

Children with head injuries frequently present to emergency departments. Even though most of these children have minor injuries, head injury is the most common cause of traumatic deaths in pediatric patients. The pediatric GCS and decision rules for obtaining head CT imaging help the provider evaluate head-injured infants and children. The provider must be vigilant to diagnose those who have life-threatening intracranial injuries or are victims of abusive head trauma. The goal of the emergency physician is to diagnose and treat the consequences of the primary injury and to limit or prevent secondary injury.
IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT LEARNING: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF AFFECTIVE STATES

Two experiments using a standard artificial grammar paradigm were conducted to examine the role of affective states, specifically anxiety and depression, on implicit learning. The main purpose was to broaden the range of human functioning explored through the application of the robustness principle in the evolutionary framework recently developed by Reber which predicts that cognitive processes which rely upon unconscious, implicit processes should be less affected by affective states than those which rely upon conscious, explicit processes. In Study 1 (N = 60), high test anxiety was associated with performance deficits in the explicit components of the task; no differences were found in the implicit phases of the task. In Study 2 (N = 160), varying levels of subclinical depression were unrelated to both implicit and explicit functioning. The contrasting findings of the two studies are discussed in terms of the differential cognitive effects and adaptive implications of these two affective states.
Voluntary Spectrum Handoff: A Novel Approach to Spectrum Management in CRNs

In this paper, a new spectrum management scheme for CRNs called Voluntary Spectrum Handoff (VSH) is introduced. The two mechanisms proposed under VSH estimate opportune times to initiate unforced spectrum handoff events to facilitate setup and signaling of alternative channels without having communication disruption, which occurs when a secondary user is forced out of an operating spectrum due to primary user activity. VSH has been evaluated through extensive simulations. Simulation results indicate that VSH significantly reduces the communication disruption duration due to handoffs.
Item-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms

Recommender systems apply knowledge discovery techniques to the problem of making personalized recommendations for information, products or services during a live interaction. These systems, especially the k-nearest neighbor collaborative ltering based ones, are achieving widespread success on the Web. The tremendous growth in the amount of available information and the number of visitors to Web sites in recent years poses some key challenges for recommender systems. These are: producing high quality recommendations, performing many recommendations per second for millions of users and items and achieving high coverage in the face of data sparsity. In traditional collaborative ltering systems the amount of work increases with the number of participants in the system. New recommender system technologies are needed that can quickly produce high quality recommendations, even for very large-scale problems. To address these issues we have explored item-based collaborative ltering techniques. Item-based techniques rst analyze the user-item matrix to identify relationships between di erent items, and then use these relationships to indirectly compute recommendations for users. In this paper we analyze di erent item-based recommendation generation algorithms. We look into di erent techniques for computing item-item similarities (e.g., item-item correlation vs. cosine similarities between item vectors) and di erent techniques for obtaining recommendations from them (e.g., weighted sum vs. regression model). Finally, we experimentally evaluate our results and compare them to the basic k-nearest neighbor approach. Our experiments suggest that item-based algorithms provide dramatically better performance than user-based algorithms, while at the same time providing better quality than the best available userbased algorithms.