cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies, human leukocyte antigen shared epitope and risk of future rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case–control study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to characterize anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) serostatus in pre-clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with and without Human Leukocyte Antigen-Shared Epitope (HLA-SE) alleles. Methods: We identified 192 women in the Nurses’ Health Study cohorts with blood samples obtained 4 months to 17 years prior to medical record-confirmed RA diagnosis. Three controls were selected matched on age, cohort, menopausal status and post-menopausal hormone use. Reactivities to 18 ACPAs were measured using a custom BioPlex platform. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the relative risk (RR) of RA for any ACPA-positive and peptide-specific ACPA-positive and examined RRs by time between blood draw and RA onset. Measures of multiplicative and additive interaction between any ACPA-positive and HLA-SE were calculated. Results: All ACPAs by peptide groups were significantly associated with RA risk, RRs ranged from 4.7 to 11.7. The association between ACPA and RA varied over time with the strongest association in those with blood draw less than 5y ears before onset (RR 17.0 [95% CI 5.8 to 53.7]) and no association 10 or more years prior to onset (RR 1.4 [95% CI 0.5 to 4.3]). Individuals with both HLA-SE and any ACPA-positive had the highest risk of RA. HLA-SE-positive RA cases showed reactivity to more ACPA types than HLA-SE negative (χ 2 test for trend, P =0 .01). Conclusions: There is increasing ACPA reactivity up to 10 years before RA onset with the strongest association within 5 years of RA onset. The magnitude of the response to ACPAs, in combination with the presence of HLA-SE, is most important for identifying those individuals with the highest risk of RA.
Reliability Implications of Hot Electron Generation and Parasitic Bipolar Action in an IGFET Device

Potential reliability effects due to a profusion of hot electrons generated by a parasitic bipolar have been identified in short channel N-type IGFET devices. An explanation of the phenomenon as well as a mathematical and circuit model for the effects are presented. Results from the model will be used to predict changes in device characteristics with time.
Small scale membrane mechanics

Large scale changes to lipid bilayer shapes are well represented by the Helfrich model. However, there are membrane processes that take place at smaller length scales that this model cannot address. In this work, we present a one-dimensional continuum model that captures the mechanics of the lipid bilayer membrane at the length scale of the lipids themselves. The model is developed using the Cosserat theory of surfaces with lipid orientation, or ‘tilt’, as the fundamental degree of freedom. The Helfrich model can be recovered as a special case when the curvatures are small and the lipid tilt is everywhere zero. We use the tilt model to study local membrane deformations in response to a protein inclusion. Parameter estimates and boundary conditions are obtained from a coarse-grained molecular model using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) to capture the same phenomenon. The continuum model is able to reproduce the membrane bending, stretch and lipid tilt as seen in the DPD model. The lipid tilt angle relaxes to the bulk tilt angle within 5–6 nm from the protein inclusion. Importantly, for large tilt gradients induced by the proteins, the tilt energy contribution is larger than the bending energy contribution. Thus, the continuum model of tilt accurately captures behaviors at length scales shorter than the membrane thickness.
Differential response of striatal dopamine and muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes to the loss of dopamine. III. Results in Parkinson's disease cases

The distribution and number of DA uptake sites, DA receptors (D1 and D2) and cholinergic muscarinic receptors (M1 and M2) were examined by autoradiography in the striatal complex of Parkinson's and age-matched control cases. The greatest loss of DA uptake sites occurred in the dorsolateral striatum which was the only region showing an increase in D2 receptors. The number of M2 receptors was reduced in the dorsolateral striatum and M1 receptors were reduced in most regions of the striatum. The anatomical pattern of changes in DA uptake sites, D2 receptors and M2 receptors suggests a coordinated change in the dopaminergic-cholinergic interneuron synapse in Parkinson's disease.
Polyribosomes from Tetrahymena.

The free-living, ciliated protist Tetrahymena, which can be grown in synchronized cultures, lends itself to studies of protein synthesis and organelle morphogenesis in eukaryotic cells . The isolation of polyribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis, from Tetrahymena was reported by Whitson et al . (5) . After lysis of the cells by indole-saturated buffer, the polysomes were isolated in 0 .01 M Tris buffer, pH 7.5 containing 0 .5 trial MgC1 2 . These investigators presented evidence for the presence of dimers to pentamers, and for changes in the polysome profile during various phases of the cell cycle . However, the yields of polysomes were low,
Transcarboxylase 5S structures: assembly and catalytic mechanism of a multienzyme complex subunit.

Transcarboxylase is a 1.2 million Dalton (Da) multienzyme complex from Propionibacterium shermanii that couples two carboxylation reactions, transferring CO2− from methylmalonyl-CoA to pyruvate to yield propionyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. Crystal structures of the 5S metalloenzyme subunit, which catalyzes the second carboxylation reaction, have been solved in free form and bound to its substrate pyruvate, product oxaloacetate, or inhibitor 2-ketobutyrate. The structure reveals a dimer of β8α8 barrels with an active site cobalt ion coordinated by a carbamylated lysine, except in the oxaloacetate complex in which the product's carboxylate group serves as a ligand instead. 5S and human pyruvate carboxylase (PC), an enzyme crucial to gluconeogenesis, catalyze similar reactions. A 5S-based homology model of the PC carboxyltransferase domain indicates a conserved mechanism and explains the molecular basis of mutations in lactic acidemia. PC disease mutations reproduced in 5S result in a similar decrease in carboxyltransferase activity and crystal structures with altered active sites.
Single-layer-coated beam splitters for the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter.

A design procedure is presented for a near-optimal, single-layer-coated prism beam splitter that serves as the key optical element of the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter (DOAP). For given film and substrate refractive indices, the angle of incidence and film thickness are selected such that the ellipsometric differential phase shifts in reflection and transmission Δr and Δt differ by ±π/2, and the normalized determinant of the instrument matrix is maximized. The best results are obtained by using high-index films on low-index substrates. This is illustrated by examples of ZnS and GaP films on silica prisms in the visible and Si, Ge, and PbTe films on Irtran 1 substrates in the infrared. A 16° Si-prism DOAP beam splitter at the 1.55-μm lightwave-communications wavelength is also presented. It uses a 163-nm SiO2 coating on the entrance face to satisfy the optimum delta condition at 73° incidence, and the determinant of the instrument matrix is 78.23% of its theoretical maximum. The exit face of the Si prism is antireflection coated with a 208-nm Si3N4 film.
The Mating-specific Gα Interacts with a Kinesin-14 and Regulates Pheromone-induced Nuclear Migration in Budding Yeast

As a budding yeast cell elongates toward its mating partner, cytoplasmic microtubules connect the nucleus to the cell cortex at the growth tip. The Kar3 kinesin-like motor protein is then thought to stimulate plus-end depolymerization of these microtubules, thus drawing the nucleus closer to the site where cell fusion and karyogamy will occur. Here, we show that pheromone stimulates a microtubule-independent interaction between Kar3 and the mating-specific Galpha protein Gpa1 and that Gpa1 affects both microtubule orientation and cortical contact. The membrane localization of Gpa1 was found to polarize early in the mating response, at about the same time that the microtubules begin to attach to the incipient growth site. In the absence of Gpa1, microtubules lose contact with the cortex upon shrinking and Kar3 is improperly localized, suggesting that Gpa1 is a cortical anchor for Kar3. We infer that Gpa1 serves as a positional determinant for Kar3-bound microtubule plus ends during mating.
Secretion of proteins and glycoproteins by perifused rabbit corpus epididymal tubules: Effect of castration

Protein synthesis in epididymal tissue of intact and castrated rabbits was studied after incubation of epididymal minces with [35S]-cysteine or [35S]-methionine and protein separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Regional differences in the pattern of protein synthesized were observed. Castration did not change overall protein synthesis, but it reduced these regional differences. The presence of 5 alpha-DHT in the culture medium of the proximal corpus epididymidis perfused for 24 hr did not increase overall protein synthesis in tubules from intact or castrated rabbits and did not reinitiate synthesis of the proteins that had disappeared after castration. The kinetics of glycoprotein synthesis and secretion were studied by light and electron microscopy autoradiography at 0.5, 2, 6, and 24 hr after exposure to [3H]-mannose, [3H]-fucose, and [3H]-glucosamine. Changes in the distribution of mannose- and glucosamine-labeled material indicated that the decline in grain density over the epithelium from 30 min to 24 hr coincided with an increasing reaction over the stereocilia border from 30 min to 2 hr and in the lumen from 2 to 24 hr. The distribution of fucose-labeled material indicated that the grain reaction over the epithelium declined more rapidly than with the mannose label. When the glucosamine-labeled sperm mass was released from the tubules, the labeled material was lost after the first washing, indicating that the glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins did not bind firmly to corpus spermatozoa within 24 hr. After castration, both mannose- and fucose-labeled materials migrated to the cell apex more rapidly than in the intact animal, but they were not released as readily into the lumen. The culture of epididymal tubules from castrated males with 5 alpha-DHT for 24 hr did not promote the release of either mannose- or fucose-labeled material into the lumen. However, testosterone given in vivo for 2 weeks restored secretion of mannose-labeled material into the lumen.
DYSCALCULIA IN PATIENTS WITH VERTIGO

This paper reports a hitherto undescribed relationship between vertigo of central origin and dyscalculia. Subjects with vertigo skipped and displaced decades when counting backwards by two. The error is not recognized when presented visually. The subjects also display decrements in ability to do mental arithmetic and in central auditory processing. The results are discussed in light of the relationship between the central vestibular/auditory system and structures involved in higher cognitive function. The relationship between balance disorders and children with learning disabilities is also examined.
Coupling between air travel and climate

An analysis of US domestic flight data for the past two decades reveals the overwhelmingly tight control of climate variability on air travel. Potential feedbacks between aviation and climate change are quantified using CMIP5 model projections.
Optima+ results for OAEI 2012

In this report, we present the results of Optima+ in the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) 2012. We mainly foucused on three tracks Benchmark, Conference, and Anatomy. However we were eavluated in all the tracks of the campaign offered in SEALS platform: Benchmark, Conference, Anatomy, Multifarm, Library, and Large BioMed. We present the new and improved implementation of the Optima algorithm, Optima+ and its results for all the tracks offered within SEALS platform. Optima+ is the latest version of Optima , aimed to perform faster and better. Importantly, we match the highest f-measure (0.65) obtained for the conference track in last year's campaign. Moreover, this year we debut in large ontology tracks: Anatomy and Library aided by a naive divide and conquer approach.
Using Buyer Behavior Models to Improve Marketing Decisions

A powerful class of descriptive buyer behavior models has been developed during the past decade. This article explores productive managerial uses for these models. It focuses upon exploiting the pr...
The pharmacologic basis of diuretic therapy in the newborn.

The regulation of electrolytes and water in the newborn are presented in this article, concentrating on those features that differ in the immature and mature human and those aspects that are important to understanding diuretic effects. The pathophysiology of water and sodium balance in various disorders serves to present the indications for diuretic therapy. The pharmacodynamics of individual diuretic agents is presented, and the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the commonly used agents is discussed.
Genotyping by sequencing for SNP discovery and genetic mapping of resistance to race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum in watermelon

Abstract Management of fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Han. in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is largely dependent on cultivation of resistant cultivars. Application of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in conventional breeding programs can accelerate the release of new watermelon cultivars resistant to fusarium wilt. Towards developing tools for MAS, physical (1024 SNPs) and genetic (389 SNPs) maps were developed in the current study for an F2 population (n = 89; Calhoun Gray x Sugar Baby) segregating for resistance against Fon race 1 using the genotyping by sequencing platform. A modified tray-dip method was established for high-throughput phenotyping of the segregating F3 population. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) accounting for up to 38.4% of the phenotypic variation in the F3 population was identified on chromosome 1 on both the physical and genetic maps in a region previously associated with Fon race 1 resistance. This resistance locus was consistently detected over five different time points and three different phenotypic screens, showing the reliability of the screening method in discriminating susceptible and resistant genotypes. Eight resistance genes were found within the confidence interval of the identified QTL. SNPs close to this QTL may be exploited in MAS for fusarium wilt resistance in breeding programs. This study confirms the resistance locus on chromosome 1 and demonstrates the use of a physical map for QTL detection in watermelon. The SNPs reported here will be useful for future genetic studies in watermelon.
High Level Humidity Generator for Nitrogen-Water Mixtures

Abstract:A high level humidity generator has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This device provides the capability for research, testing and calibration at high levels of water vapor content in such gases as hydrogen, nitrogen, and ambient air for applications such as hydrogen-powered fuel cells, standard reference materials and food processing. The generator produces a gas stream of nitrogen-water vapor mixture having mixing ratios from 0.16 g to 1.47 g of water vapor per gram of dry nitrogen (g H2O/g dry N2). This is equivalent to dew point temperatures of 60 °C to 90 °C at standard atmospheric pressure and to water vapor pressures of 19 948 Pa to 70 182 Pa. The generated gas can be fed to a test chamber with independent temperature control from 25 °C to 200 °C and pressure control from 0.1 MPa to 1.5 MPa, for the calibration of hygrometers. Inter-comparisons with a NIST reference standard dew point hygrometer gave results that in all cases agreed to within 0.0...
All Photons Imaging Through Volumetric Scattering

Imaging through thick highly scattering media (sample thickness ≫ mean free path) can realize broad applications in biomedical and industrial imaging as well as remote sensing. Here we propose a computational “All Photons Imaging” (API) framework that utilizes time-resolved measurement for imaging through thick volumetric scattering by using both early arrived (non-scattered) and diffused photons. As opposed to other methods which aim to lock on specific photons (coherent, ballistic, acoustically modulated, etc.), this framework aims to use all of the optical signal. Compared to conventional early photon measurements for imaging through a 15 mm tissue phantom, our method shows a two fold improvement in spatial resolution (4db increase in Peak SNR). This all optical, calibration-free framework enables widefield imaging through thick turbid media and opens new avenues in non-invasive testing, analysis and diagnosis.
Mobility Control of Surfactant-Retarded Bubbles at Small and Order One Reynolds Numbers

We present results of a theoretical study of the steady motion of a spherical gas bubble in a viscous fluid which contains a soluble surfactant. For the model studied we present, through extensive numerical silmulations, conclusive evidence of increased mobility at the bubble interface as the surfactant concentration increases. This is demonstrated for both Stokes and Navier-Stokes flows. In the latter case, wakes are found to form behind the bubble when surfactants are present and the Reynolds number is sufficiently high. These wakes increase in size with increasing Reynolds number giving rise to large regions of almost stagnant flow. We also show that for a given wake formation regime, the wake can be removed completely and the bubble fully remobilized to its clean value by increasing the bulk concentration of surfactant. This can lead to significant improvement of technologies relying on enhanced mass transfer from the liquid to the gas phase, for example.
A Discrepancy in Comprehension and Production in Early Language Development in ASD: Is it Clinically Relevant?

This study examined the extent to which a discrepant comprehension-production profile (i.e., relatively more delayed comprehension than production) is characteristic of the early language phenotype in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and tracked the developmental progression of the profile. Our findings indicated that a discrepant comprehension-production profile distinguished toddlers (30 months) with ASD from late talkers without ASD (91% sensitivity, 100% specificity) in groups that were comparable on expressive language, age, and socioeconomic status. Longitudinal data for children with ASD revealed that the discrepant profile steadily decreased from 30 to 44 months until there was no significant comprehension-production difference at 66 months. In conclusion, results suggest that lower comprehension than production may be an age-specific marker of toddlers with ASD.
Functional safety methodologies for automotive applications

Safety-critical automotive applications have stringent demands for functional safety and reliability. Traditionally, functional safety requirements have been managed by car manufacturers and system providers. However, with the increasing complexity of electronics involved, the responsibility of addressing functional safety is now propagating through the supply chain to semiconductor companies and design tool providers. This paper introduces some basic concepts of functional safety analysis and optimization and shows the bridge with the tradition design flow. Considerations are presented on how design methodologies are capturing and addressing the new safety metrics.
The Use of 3 D Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance (MR) -Angiography To Detect Spinal Dural AV Fistula (P04.094)

OBJECTIVE: Importance of contrast enhanced MRA in treatment of spinal AVM. BACKGROUND: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are the most common type of arteriovenous malformation involving the spinal cord, especially in middle-aged men. DESIGN/METHODS: We present the case of a 71-year-old man with progressive paraparesis and urinary urgency over a year. An spinal MRI revealed T9-T10 intramedullary signal changes with dilated vessels on the dorsal cord that suggested a spinal dural AV fistula. An initial catheter-based spinal angiogram was limited to evaluating the cervical and thoracic levels without lumbar exploration due to excessive tortuosity as well as high radiation and contrast burden. Subsequently a multi-phase 3D fluoroscopic-triggered elliptic-centric contrast enhanced MRA was performed in the sagittal plane of the lumbar spine which enabled optimal opacification of the abdominal aorta, radicular arteries, the AV fistula and draining veins. Each phase lasted 58sec. with a total scan time of 3min. The scan parameters were 340cm FOV with a matrix of 320x320 resulting in 1.1 x 1.1 mm in plane resolution with , 1.6mm slice thickness reformatted to .8mm thickness. Following this post contrast sequence opacification of abnormal dilated medullary veins posterior to the thoracic cord with two additional abnormal epidural veins at the T11 level and L3 vertebral body levels. An enlarged venous varix of was visualized at the L3 level. RESULTS: Subsequently underwent super selective exploration of his lumbar segmental artery, with successful embolization with minimal contrast.The diagnosis & localization of vessel was established by MRA which reduced the total dye burden of procedure. CONCLUSIONS: 3D contrast enhanced spinal MR angiography is a safe, effective, noninvasive procedure that allows clear visualization of the AVM providing detailed depiction of the vascular anatomy of spinal vessels. However, further studies will be needed to assess the efficacy of these modalities in decreasing surgical risk. Disclosure: Dr. Jani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Razak has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeMarco has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose.
When does eruption run-up begin? Multidisciplinary insight from the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin volcano

Abstract During the run-up to eruption, volcanoes often show geophysically detectable signs of unrest. However, there are long-standing challenges in interpreting the signals and evaluating the likelihood of eruption, especially during the early stages of volcanic unrest. Considerable insight can be gained from combined geochemical and geophysical studies. Here we take such an approach to better understand the beginning of eruption run-up, viewed through the lens of the 1999 sub-Plinian basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska. The eruption is of interest due to its lack of observed deformation and its apparent long run-up time (9 months), following a deep long-period earthquake swarm. We evaluate the nature and timing of recharge by examining the composition of 138 olivine macrocrysts and 53 olivine-hosted melt inclusions and through shear-wave splitting analysis of regional earthquakes. Magma mixing is recorded in three crystal populations: a dominant population of evolved olivines (Fo 60 – 69 ) that are mostly reversely zoned, an intermediate population (Fo 69 – 76 ) with mixed zonation, and a small population of normally zoned more primitive olivines (Fo 76 – 80 ). Mixing-to-eruption timescales are obtained through modeling of Fe–Mg interdiffusion in 78 olivines. The large number of resultant timescales provides a thorough record of mixing, demonstrating at least three mixing events: a minor event ∼11 months prior to eruption, overlapping within uncertainty with the onset of deep long-period seismicity; a major event ∼50 days before eruption, coincident with a large (M5.2) shallow earthquake; and a final event about a week prior to eruption. Shear-wave splitting analysis shows a change in the orientation of the local stress field about a month after the deep long-period swarm and around the time of the M5.2 event. Earthquake depths and vapor saturation pressures of Raman-reconstructed melt inclusions indicate that the recharge magma originated from depths of at least 20 km, and that mixing with a shallow magma or olivine cumulates occurred in or just below the edifice (
Current concepts in management of weight regain following bariatric surgery.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Although bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment for obesity, weight regain is common.Areas covered: In this article, we have critically reviewed data from retrospective and prospective studies pertaining to prevalence and predictors of weight regain following bariatric surgery, as well as the utility of behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions to address post-surgical weight regain.Expert commentary: The initial step in management of post-surgical weight regain is a comprehensive evaluation of the patient including a thorough assessment of contributing factors. While lifestyle interventions including diet, exercise and behavior modification are fundamental, they have limited efficacy which can be enhanced by pharmacotherapy. The optimal time to commence pharmacotherapy may be at weight plateau to maximize weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the best combination of behavioral and pharmacologic...
Full disclosure: Genome assembly is still hard.

Two recent papers highlight the fascinating comparative genomics of anhydrobiosis, the ability to withstand complete desiccation, in bdelloid rotifers and tardigrades. However, both groups had to openly deal with the significant difficulties of generating and interpreting short-read draft assemblies—especially challenging in microscopic species with high sequence polymorphism. These exemplars demonstrate the need to go beyond single draft-quality reference genomes to high-quality multiple species comparative genomics if we are to fully capture the value of genomics.
Use of Aggressive Surveillance for Locoregional Endometrial Cancer After Local Therapy.

Purpose/Objectives Current guidelines do not recommend routine surveillance imaging as part of follow-up care for patients treated for locoregional endometrial carcinoma. This study seeks to determine the potential benefit of routine surveillance imaging by evaluating outcomes of patients whose recurrences were detected on routine surveillance compared to those whose recurrences were identified after presenting with symptoms. Materials/Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients who developed recurrence after surgical treatment, with or without adjuvant therapy, for locoregional endometrial carcinoma. A total of 149 patients were identified with adequate clinical information regarding the recurrence. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate overall survival and progression-free survival. Results The median age of patients at diagnosis was 69.2 years (range, 38.0-99.5 years). Initial stages included stage I, 49.7%; stage II, 10.1%; stage III, 38.3%; and stage IV, 1.3%. Histologic diagnoses included endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 48.3%; and other diagnoses (including papillary serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and carcinosarcoma), 51.7%. Patients were initially treated with a variety of therapies: surgery alone in 20.8%, surgery and radiation in 25.5%, surgery and chemotherapy in 12.1%, and trimodality therapy in 41.6%. Sites of recurrence included 20.8% vaginal, 14.8% pelvic and 64.4% distant sites. Recurrences were detected asymptomatically in 86 patients (57.7%) and symptomatically in 63 patients (42.3%). Of those detected asymptomatically, 80.2% were detected by imaging. Overall, when comparing symptomatic versus asymptomatic recurrences, there was no difference in overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.83; P = 0.29) or progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.70; P = 0.52). Conclusions Patients who develop asymptomatic recurrences of their endometrial carcinoma do not seem to have a better prognosis than those who present with symptomatic recurrences. Thus, these results do not support routine imaging surveillance for patients treated for locoregional endometrial carcinoma. Further prospective evaluation is needed.
Delaying latency to hyperbaric oxygen-induced CNS oxygen toxicity seizures by combinations of exogenous ketone supplements.

Central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS‐OT) manifests as tonic‐clonic seizures and is a limitation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), as well as of recreational and technical diving associated with elevated partial pressure of oxygen. A previous study showed that ketone ester (1,3‐butanediol acetoacetate diester, KE) administration delayed latency to seizures (LS) in 3‐month‐old Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats. This study explores the effect of exogenous ketone supplements in additional dosages and formulations on CNS‐OT seizures in 18 months old SD rats, an age group correlating to human middle age. Ketogenic agents were given orally 60 min prior to exposure to hyperbaric oxygen and included control (water), KE (10 g/kg), KE/2 (KE 5 g/kg + water 5 g/kg), KE + medium‐chain triglycerides (KE 5 g/kg + MCT 5 g/kg), and ketone salt (Na+/K+ β HB, KS) + MCT (KS 5 g/kg + MCT 5 g/kg). Rats were exposed to 100% oxygen at 5 atmospheres absolute (ATA). Upon seizure presentation (tonic‐clonic movements) experiments were immediately terminated and blood was tested for glucose and D‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate (D‐β HB) levels. While blood D‐β HB levels were significantly elevated post‐dive in all treatment groups, LS was significantly delayed only in KE (P = 0.0003), KE/2 (P = 0.023), and KE + MCT (P = 0.028) groups. In these groups, the severity of seizures appeared to be reduced, although these changes were significant only in KE‐treated animals (P = 0.015). Acetoacetate (AcAc) levels were also significantly elevated in KE‐treated animals. The LS in 18‐month‐old rats was delayed by 179% in KE, 219% in KE + MCT, and 55% in KE/2 groups, while only by 29% in KS + MCT. In conclusion, KE supplementation given alone and in combination with MCT elevated both β HB and AcAc, and delayed CNS‐OT seizures.
Aryl Fluoride Activation Through Palladium-Magnesium Bimetallic Cooperation: A Mechanistic and Computational Study.

Herein is described a mechanistic study of a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents to fluoroarenes that proceeds via a low-energy heterobimetallic oxidative addition pathway....
Copper nanowires as nanofertilizers for alfalfa plants: Understanding nano-bio systems interactions from microbial genomics, plant molecular responses and spectroscopic studies.

Abstract The recent application of nano copper (Cu) compounds in the agrosystem has shown potential to improve the physiological performance and agronomical parameters of crops. We grew alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in potting mix amended with bulk, nano, and ionic Cu compounds at 80 and 280 mg Cu/kg; then, we evaluated plant performance at physiological and molecular levels. Plants treated with bulk/nano Cu presented better agronomical responses. The P and S content was reduced in bulk and ionic Cu-exposed plants, compared to controls (p ≤ .05). All Cu forms increased the content of Fe and Zn in roots and Fe in leaves, compared to controls (p ≤ .05). Leaf-superoxide dismutase expression was augmented ~27-fold and rubisco mRNA was unaffected in bulk/nano Cu-treated plants, compared to controls (p ≤ .05). Bulk/nano Cu incremented the relative abundance of microorganisms involved in the elemental uptake. These results indicate that nano Cu improved the physiology of alfalfa and can be considered as potential nanofertilizers.
Tangible Type + CODE

Language is a way of human communication. Visual language is a system of communication using visual elements. It is a visual representation of the written language. Tangible TYPE + CODE is a collaboration with two distinctive projects, the TYPE + CODE series, by Yeohyun Ahn, and Tangible Type , by Taekyeom Lee. The TYPE + CODE series explores the expressive aesthetic of computational typography. Tangible Type extends typography to perceptible typography with physical touch, which is one of the human senses, by using digital fabrication. It suggests another linguistic experience beyond spoken, written, and visual languages. The design process accomplishes artistic expression, construction technique, and materiality. It results in expressive, dimensional, textural, and touchable types. Tangible Type + CODE enhances the direct experiences of typography from written and visual communication to tangible communication by computation and digital fabrication. It is applicable as a learning tool for children to acquire a written language through a form play that is engaging, playable, and touchable.
Examination of pH dependency and orientation differences of membrane spanning alpha helices carrying a single or pair of buried histidine residues.

Abstract We have employed the peptide framework of GWALP23 (acetyl-GGALWLALALALALALALWLAGA-amide) to examine the orientation, dynamics and pH dependence of peptides having buried single or pairs of histidine residues. When residue L8 is substituted to yield GWALP23-H8, acetyl-GGALWLAH8ALALALALALWLAGA-amide, the deuterium NMR spectra of 2H-labeled core alanine residues reveal a helix that occupies a single transmembrane orientation in DLPC, or in DMPC at low pH, yet shows multiple states at higher pH or in bilayers of DOPC. Moreover, a single histidine at position 8 or 16 in the GWALP23 framework is sensitive to pH. Titration points are observed near pH 3.5 for the deprotonation of H8 in lipid bilayers of DLPC or DMPC, and for H16 in DOPC. When residues L8 and L16 both are substituted to yield GWALP23-H8,16, the 2H NMR spectra show, interestingly, no titration dependence from pH 2–8, yet bilayer thickness-dependent orientation differences. The helix with H8 and H16 is found to adopt a transmembrane orientation in thin bilayers of DLPC, a combination of transmembrane and surface orientations in DMPC, and then a complete transition to a surface bound orientation in the thicker DPoPC and DOPC lipid bilayers. In the surface orientations, alanine A7 no longer fits within the core helix. These results along with previous studies with different locations of histidine residues suggest that lipid hydrophobic thickness is a first determinant and pH a second determinant for the helical orientation, along with possible side-chain snorkeling, when the His residues are incorporated into the hydrophobic region of a lipid membrane-associated helix.
Influence of competition and predation on survival of the hydrilla tip mining midge and its success as a potential augmentative biological control agent of hydrilla

Hydrilla verticillata is an aquatic weed that grows densely throughout the water column and is costly to manage. The hydrilla tip mining midge, Cricotopus lebetis, a potential augmentative biological control agent of hydrilla, feeds on the apical meristem preventing growth. The goal of this study was to quantify the influence of a predator (mosquitofish, Gambusia sp.) and a competitor (hydrilla leafcutter moth, Parapoynx diminutalis) and their interactions, on the ability of the midge to survive and feed on hydrilla. The first experiment involved six treatments established in 37.8 L tanks with combinations of the organisms, including larval C. lebetis. Survival to adult midge eclosion was significantly reduced in the presence of the predator but was unaffected by the competitor’s presence alone. Apical meristem damage was reduced when both the competitor and predator were present. The second experiment included four treatments with C. lebetis egg masses or larvae and the presence or absence of mosquitofish. Adding C. lebetis as eggs rather than as larvae increased midge survival in the absence of the predator. Midge survival was lower when larvae were added, but the predator had no additional effect. To facilitate successful establishment of the midge and control of hydrilla, high numbers of larvae should be released to overcome predation.
Joe Namath and the Old-Fashioned View of Punishment

This article examines the changing modes of discipline in the context of masculinity over the past fifty years.
Retaining the Next Generation in Northwest Ohio

This study analyzes the trends and issues related to the retention of young adults in Northwest Ohio. Researchers sampledover 340 young adults (25-34 years of age) from 8 counties in Northwest Ohio. Results highlight rural community perceptions of youngadults as well as those factors that impact the decision to remain in Rural Northwest Ohio. Respondents report generally favorableimpressions of the area with emphasis on the quality of schools, community safety, and affordability of the area. Overall lower ratingswere revealed on components related to cultural, entertainment, and employment opportunities in the area. Respondents with higherincomes and those with stronger Northwest Ohio roots, i.e., who were themselves raised in Northwest Ohio along with their parents,were more likely to feel positively about Northwest Ohio’s economic outlook and the community’s strength. In addition, the higher therespondent’s education, the more likely they were to react positively regarding the community’s strength/safety.
Do natural hazards in the Gulf Coast still matter for state-level natural gas prices in the US? Evidence after the shale gas boom

Abstract Historically, natural gas prices in the United States are closely linked to supply disruptions in the Gulf Coast due to the dominance of offshore and Gulf states production. Over the past decade, the combined share of natural gas production from the states in shale-rich areas has increased dramatically, while Gulf region production has become less important. One reasonable assumption is then that the supply disruptions due to weather events in the Gulf Coast exert a much smaller effect on natural gas prices compared to the pre-shale era. This paper uses panel distributed lag models to empirically test this hypothesis using state-level natural gas prices from 1995 to 2016. Property losses due to natural hazards in Texas and Louisiana are used to represent supply shocks in the natural gas market from the Gulf area. Results show that natural gas prices in both importing and exporting states have become less responsive to natural hazards in Texas but more sensitive to hazard events in Louisiana since the shale boom. These results are robust to the break dates used, the geographical location of states considered, and the empirical specifications employed. The increasing importance of Louisiana in natural gas pricing is perhaps due to its role as the benchmark pricing location for US natural gas and its expansive pipeline networks.
Latent neural dynamics encode temporal context in speech

Direct neural recordings from human auditory cortex have demonstrated encoding for acoustic-phonetic features of consonants and vowels. Neural responses also encode distinct acoustic amplitude cues related to timing, such as those that occur at the onset of a sentence after a silent period or the onset of the vowel in each syllable. Here, we used a group reduced rank regression model to show that distributed cortical responses support a low-dimensional latent state representation of temporal context in speech. The timing cues each capture more unique variance than all other phonetic features and exhibit rotational or cyclical dynamics in latent space from activity that is widespread over the superior temporal gyrus. We propose that these spatially distributed timing signals could serve to provide temporal context for, and possibly bind across time, the concurrent processing of individual phonetic features, to compose higher-order phonological (e.g. word-level) representations.
Overuse Injury, Substance Use, and Resilience in Collegiate Female Athlete.

# Background Overuse injury is a common stressor experienced by female collegiate athletes and is often underreported. In response, athletes may develop negative coping skills such as substance use. Alternatively, resilience is a modifiable trait that may positively influence response to musculoskeletal injuries and substance use. # Purpose To provide an updated epidemiological profile of overuse injury and substance use and examine the relationship between resilience, overuse injury, and substance use among collegiate female athletes. # Design Cross-sectional study # Methods Two-hundred and thirty female collegiate athletes were classified into overuse injury and resilience groups. Overuse injury, pain, and substance use incidence proportions (IP) were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis analyses were performed to investigate differences in substance use among resilience groups. Analyses of covariance were performed to evaluate differences in overuse injuries, substantial overuse injuries, and time loss injuries, among resilience groups. # Results IP for pain was 45.0% (95% CI: 38.2-51.9); Overuse injury 52.0% (45.1-58.9); Alcohol use 35.1% (28.6-41.6); Electronic cigarette use 19.5% (14.6-24.9); Cigarette use 2.8% (6-5.1); and Drug use 3.3% (0.9-5.8). No significant differences were found between resilience groups for the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC) variables (Pain: p=0.102; Overuse injury: p=0.331; Substantial overuse injury: p=0.084; Not playing: p=0.058), alcohol (p=0.723), or combined substance use (p=0.069). # Conclusions Pain and overuse injury prevalence is high among female collegiate athletes. Alcohol followed by electronic cigarette use were the most commonly utilized substances. No significant differences were identified in substance use or overuse injury presentation between resilience groups, though further investigation is warranted. # Level of Evidence 3
Peacebuilding After Civil War

Book Summary: This comprehensive new Handbook explores the significance and nature of armed intrastate conflict and civil war in the modern world. Civil wars and intrastate conflict represent the principal form of organised violence since the end of World War II, and certainly in the contemporary era. These conflicts have a huge impact and drive major political change within the societies in which they occur, as well as on an international scale. The global importance of recent intrastate and regional conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Somalia, Nepal, Cote d'Ivoire, Syria and Libya – amongst others – has served to refocus academic and policy interest upon civil war. Chapter Summary: This chapter provides an assessment of current theories regarding peacebuilding efforts following civil war, evaluates UN peacebuilding efforts over the past 20 years, and offers suggestions regarding future research on the topic.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS AND GASTRIC ACID SECRETION

Abstract The involvement of de novo protein synthesis in acid secretion by the in vitro bullfrog gastric mucosa was examined using the inhibitors cycloheximide and puromycin. Both inhibitors reduced [ 3 H]leucine incorporation by more than 90%. The inhibition of protein synthesis had no influence on spontaneous acid secretion nor did it effect secretory stimulation by histamine, carbachol, pentagastrin, or theophylline. Oxygen consumption by nonstimulated and theophyllinestimulated tissues was shown to be independent of protein synthesis. The dramatic morphological changes observed in oxyntic cells during a transition from rest to active secretion persisted in cycloheximideand puromycin-treated tissues. Stereological analysis of the apical membrane surface area density failed to demonstrate any quantitative influence of protein synthesis inhibition. These studies quantitatively confirm that protein synthesis is not required for the biochemical and morphological events involved in acid secretion by the in vitro frog gastric mucosa.
Standardized Measurements for Elevated NEV Concerns

The range of sources as well as the frequency components for elevated neutral-to-earth and metallic-object-to-earth voltage concerns make it difficult to have just one standardized measurement protocol. The measurement devices and procedures for assessing elevated NEV levels at animal contact areas, distribution substations, pipelines, swimming pools and other contact points range from harmonics analyzers to oscilloscopes to simple multi-meters. For energized street level metallic objects the measurement devices can range from simple pen lights to custom designed equipment, while the protocols vary from precise documentation of voltage levels to simple detection of energized metallic objects. We discusses the variables of interest surrounding accurate and consistent detection and measurement of any elevated voltage levels. This includes: instrumentation, time of day, seasonal patterns, and remote earth or ground reference selection points. Further, suggested initiation points for measurement protocols created via the standards development process are discussed. Efforts in the measurement protocol areas will insure that under situations where higher than expected voltage levels are present at human or animal contact points, the measurements taken to support these efforts are accurate and comprehensive of the range of elevated voltage that may exist at a given point
A Membrane-bound Creatine Phosphokinase in Fragmented Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum was isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle and creatine phosphokinase activity was measured; 0.2 to 1.16 units of creatine-P kinase per mg of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum protein were found. The activity was inhibited by dinitrofluorobenzene, a known inhibitor of creatine-P kinase, and had Km values similar to those measured for crystalline enzyme. Since the activity diasppeared from the supernatant upon centrifugation, the creatinine-P kinase is bound to the membranous fraction of the fragmented microsomal preparation. However, it was not present on the mitochondrial fraction from the same muscle homogenate. The creatine-P kinase of the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum preparation represents approximately 1% of the total activity in muscle and may be significant as a localized source of ATP for calcium transport processes during muscle relaxation.
Cross-Cultural Psychology of Consumer Behavior

This chapter reviews the major cultural constructs of individualism/collectivism, independent/interdependent self-construal, and analytic-holistic thinking, and the cognitive processes and behaviors associated with these distinct cultural categories. It also reviews the implications of these distinctions for processes and outcomes relevant to the consumer context such as preferences, judgments, decision making, purchase behavior, and the persuasiveness of advertising appeals. Keywords: cross-cultural psychology; cross-cultural consumer behaviour; independent-interdependent self-construals; individualism-collectivism; analytic-holistic thinking
Determination of dynamic properties of nonlinear structures using thepull-release test

For the determination of the dynamic properties-natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping-of an existing structure, a number of experimental methods are available. Among the most common ones are: the shake table test for small and medium size structures; excitation by a shaker mounted on the structure and locating the resonances by sweeping across a frequency band either slowly or in discrete steps; monitoring the ambient vibrations and determining the properties by signal analysis; and pulling (or pushing) the structure and suddenly releasing it and measuring the resulting decaying vibrations. This pull-release test is one of the simplest dynamic methods for determining a complete set of dynamic properties. While it is usually employed at low amplitudes of vibration, the method can also be employed at large amplitudes and consequently to obtain amplitude-dependent dynamic properties for structures with non-linear deformation and damping properties. This presentation focuses on the theoretical and analytical issues that have to be considered in planning such a test and interpreting the results