cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy Followed by Extrafascial Hysterectomy in Locally Advanced Type II Endometrial Cancer Clinically Extending to Cervix.

Abstract Purpose The role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced type II endometrial cancer is controversial. We thus aimed to present our experience with the hypothesis that neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy is associated with similarly high rates of downstaging and locoregional control for type II endometrial cancer and type I endometrial cancer. Methods and Materials Thirty-four patients with type II endometrial cancer with clinical evidence of cervical ± parametrium involvement treated with neoadjuvant external beam radiation therapy (45-50.4 Gy in 25-28 fractions) and high-dose-rate brachytherapy with a median total dose of 20 Gy (range, 15-27.5) in 4 fractions (range, 3-5) and concurrent platinum chemotherapy ± adjuvant chemotherapy from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with type I pathologic diagnoses and those treated with definitive (rather than preoperative) intent were excluded. Results Pathologic characteristics were as follows: 38% were carcinosarcoma, 18% serous, and 24% clear cell. Ninety-four percent of patients were downstaged to an extrafascial hysterectomy, and 94% had negative surgical margins. The 2-year local control, regional control, distant control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 87.8%, 81.3%, 76.3%, 52.5%, and 63.7%, respectively. There was 1 subacute grade 3 and 1 late grade 3 small bowel obstruction, directly attributable to radiation therapy. Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy effectively downstages the majority of locally advanced type II endometrial cancers, thereby increasing the likelihood of achieving complete resection with negative margins.
Direct Tunneling Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers

Direct tunneling modulation of semiconductor lasers is realized and demonstrated experimentally in the three-terminal transistor laser through the interaction between the photon absorption by voltage-controlled intra-cavity photon-assisted tunneling and the photon generation by auantum-well recombination. © 2019 The Author(s)
Marketing to Their Needs: Utilizing Empathetic Marketing Techniques in Student Outreach

This article describes empathetic marketing, a new marketing approach that was created by Mark Ingwer and outlined in his 2012 book, Empathetic Marketing: How to Satisfy the 6 Core Emotional Needs ...
Predicting Invasive Plants: Prospects for a General Screening System Based on Current Regional Models

Screening systems for predicting invasive plants have been independently developed for the non-indigenous floras of North America, the South African fynbos, and Australia. To evaluate the performance of these screening systems outside the regions for which they were developed, we tested them for the non-indigenous flora of the Hawaiian Islands. When known invasive plant species in the Hawaiian Islands were evaluated using the North American and Australian systems, 82% and 93% of the species were predicted to be invasive, respectively, and the remainder were classified as requiring further study. The South African fynbos system correctly predicted only 60% of the invasive species in the Hawaiian Islands. All three screening systems correctly classified a majority of the non-invaders as non-invasive. The Australian system has several advantages over the other systems, including the highest level of correct identification of invaders (>90%), ability to evaluate non-woody plants, and ability to evaluate a species even when the answers to some questions are unknown. Nevertheless, with the Australian system, a large fraction of species known not to be invasive were recommended for further study before importing, so there remains room for improvement in identifying non-invasive species. Based on our results for the Hawaiian Islands and a previous evaluation in New Zealand, the Australian system appears to be a promising template for building a globally applicable system for screening out invasive plant introductions.
Kernel-Smoothed Proper Orthogonal Decomposition–Based Emulation for Spatiotemporally Evolving Flow Dynamics Prediction

This interdisciplinary study, which combines machine learning, statistical methodologies, high-fidelity simulations, projection-based model reduction, and flow physics, demonstrates a new process f...
Including the Excluded- Can ICTs empower poor communities? Towards an alternative evaluation framework based on the capability approach

Under which conditions can information and communications technologies (ICTs) empower poor communities? This paper investigates this question, focusing on the role of information and communications technologies in promoting indigenous people’s development in Latin America. First, the paper analyzes key factors under which information and knowledge can be instrumental and substantive for the empowerment of marginalized groups. Hereby, we argue that improved access to information and ICT skills, similar to the enhancement of a person’s writing and reading skills, can enhance poor peoples’ capabilities to make strategic life choices and to achieve the lifestyle they value. Furthermore, the paper develops an alternative evaluation framework for ICT interventions based on Sen’s capability approach. This framework places, in contrast to the current discourse around the “digital divide”, the human development of the poor and not technology at the center of the analysis. The paper concludes that there does not exist a direct and causal relationship between ICTs and empowerment, but that in fact this relationship is being shaped by a dynamic, multi-dimensional interrelationship between technology and the social context.
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in metastatic RCC (mRCC) as a potential predictor of response.

674Background: ICIs such as nivolumab (N) have improved outcomes in mRCC patients (pts), but are also associated with immune-related adverse events. As has been shown in melanoma, we hypothesized t...
Controlling the Spatio-temporal Transport of Particles in Fluid-filled Microchambers.

The development of microscale devices that autonomously perform multi-step processes is vital to advancing the use of microfluidics in industrial applications. Such advances can potentially be achieved through the use of “chemical pumps” that transduce the energy from inherent catalytic reactions into fluid flow within microchambers, without the need for extraneous external equipment. Using computational modeling, we focus on arrangements of multiple chemical pumps that are formed by anchoring patches of different enzymes onto the floor of a fluid-filled chamber. With the addition of the appropriate reactants, only one of the enzymatic patches is activated and thereby generates fluid flow centered about that patch. These flows drive the self-assembly of microparticles in the solution and localize the particles onto the activated patches. By varying the spatial arrangement of the enzymatic patches, and the sequence in which the appropriate reactants are added to the solution, we realize spatio-temporal con...
Online Teaching: The Affordances of PowerPoint and YouTube for a More Inclusive Approach

Online education, even when planned, has a number of challenges including availability and affordability of technology (Palvia et al., 2018), students’ learning differences (Jacobs, 2013; Kebritchi et al., 2017), and tech-literacy of instructors and learners (Jacobs, 2013). In emergency situations witnessed in spring 2020, one of the keys to successful online education might be collaboration among instructors as recommended by Fish and Wickersham (2010). The present paper is a move in that direction and shares techniques that can help address two of the challenges mentioned above: (1) the availability and affordability of technology, and (2) students’ learning differences. The latter point is particularly relevant to those teaching multilingual learners in that it relates to one of the solutions suggested by Zamel and Pack (2006) in addressing multilingual students’ academic challenges; that is, providing handouts to facilitate comprehension of the content being presented. Keywords: teaching, PowerPoint, YouTube, Inclusion, ESOL, technology, media
Bigels—oleocolloid matrices—as probiotic protective systems in yogurt

The probiotic yogurt market is strong because of the potential benefits that probiotics provide to the host, such as relieving lactose intolerance symptoms, easing diarrhea, and improving the immune system. However, probiotics are sensitive to processing conditions and the high acidity of yogurt can reduce survival of probiotics and limit yogurt shelf life. Here, oleocolloid technology (bigels) was used to improve the survival of probiotics during yogurt shelf life. Bigels are semisolid systems containing a polar and a non-polar phase mixed forming a material with improved properties. Probiotic bigels were prepared by mixing a soy lecithin-stearic acid oleogel emulsion and a whey protein hydrogel, followed by the incorporation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis suspended in milk. Yogurt was prepared with 18% wt/wt probiotic bigels with (Swiss-style) and without (sundae-style) agitation. Probiotic viability was monitored for 6 weeks. The total counts of L. acidophilus and B. lactis entrapped in bigels were significantly higher than free bacteria in yogurt after 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, indicating that probiotics could be entrapped and their survival enhanced. Both yogurt styles showed a meant total count of 3.3 and 4.5 log CFU/g for L. acidophilus and B. lactis, respectively at the end of storage time suggesting that despite agitation of yogurt, bigel structure played a key role in protecting probiotic viability.
A Comparative Study of Mode Decomposition to Relate Next-ERA, PCA, and ICA Modes

This paper discusses a comparative study to relate parametric and non-parametric mode decomposition algorithms for response-only data. Three popular mode decomposition algorithms are included in this study: the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm with the Natural Excitation Technique (NExT-ERA) for the parametric algorithm, as well as the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for the non-parametric algorithms. A comprehensive parametric study is provided for (i) different response types, (ii) excitation types, (iii) system damping, and (iv) sensor spatial resolution to compare the mode shapes and modal coordinates of using a 10-DOF building model. The mode decomposition results are also compared using a unique dynamic response data collected in a ship-bridge collision accident for ambient excitation with traffic loading, ambient excitation without traffic loading, and impulse excitation.
Towards a variable-free semantics

En partant de l'hypothese selon laquelle les structures de surface peuvent recevoir une interpretation basee sur la theorie du modele sans etre reliees a un autre niveau (par exemple, la LF), l'A. examine les phenomenes de liage des variables. Il argumente en faveur d'une approche de la semantique du liage dans laquelle les variables ne jouent pas un role essentiel dans le mecanisme semantique et montre que cette approche rend l'interpretation directe plus reguliere et plus simple
Double and Triple Squirrel Cages for Polyphase Induction Motors [includes discussion]

This paper presents a lumped circuit method of calculating the performance of multiple squirrel-cage motors. For convenience, the squirrel cage is represented by three parallel circuits, in place of the two circuits conventionally employed. In this way, allowance is made for eddy currents within the separate bars, as well as the division of currents between bars, with a minimum of mathematical analysis. The method permits convenient allowance for saturation effects, which change the reactances of the various circuit elements over the speed and current range of the motor. As an example, the method is applied to calculating the performance of a simple rectangular bar. The results are shown to compare favorably with those given by the conventional skin effect theory. As another example, the method is used to calculate the speed torque and current curves of a 4-pole 75-horsepower motor, with a cast aluminum double squirrel-cage winding.
Field Practica in Social Work Administration: Tasks, Auspice, Selection Criteria and Outcomes

Abstract This evaluative study of the field practicum in one MSW program in social work administration is based on data collected over a period of ten years on tasks performed by students, auspice of field placement agency and student prior experience in relation to outcomes of student performance and satisfaction. The findings revealed that better outcomes are associated with tasks performed on upper organizational levels, working with line staff, performing interactional tasks, interorganizational functions, in agencies under voluntary auspices. Data on age and prior experience of students indicate no support for using these criteria for selection of students for this type of education. The policy implications for social work education are discussed.
Hg/sup +/ trapped ion standard performance with the superconducting cavity maser oscillator as LO

The frequency stability obtained with an ion-trap-based frequency standard where /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ ions are confined in a hybrid RF/DC linear trap is described. The 40.5-GHz clock transition is measured to be as narrow as 17 mHz representing a quality factor of 2.4*10/sup 12/. A hydrogen maser interrogation of a 37-mHz Hg/sup +/ resonance is used to measure 1*10/sup -15/ stability of the ion resonance at 10000-s averaging time. In another measurement the frequency of the superconducting cavity maser oscillator is steered to follow the Hg/sup +/ clock transition, again providing frequency stability of 1*10/sup -15/ at 10000-s. >
Production of Phenylacetic and Hydroxyphenylacetic Acids by Clostridium botulinum Type G

Phenylacetic and hydroxyphenylacetic acids were present as major acids in spent growth medium from Clostridium botulinum type G. These aromatic acids were identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Coherent pulse stacking amplification using cascaded and multiplexed Gires-Tournois interferometers

We show stacking of multiple equal-amplitude pulses into a single pulse using properly configured sequences of Gires-Tournois interferometers, which in conjunction of chirped pulse amplification in fibers can enable large increase in extractable pulse energies.
Choked flow of fluid nitrogen with emphasis on the thermodynamic critical region.

The critical discharge of fluids is of interest in a variety of industries: transportation, nuclear power, desalinization, aeronautics, and astronautics, to cite a few. The interest stems primarily from venting requirements and flow measurements, but includes such novel techniques as the production of hydrogen.
Conservative Central Neck Dissection

Cervical lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer is common and mostly located in the central neck compartment. Lymph node metastasis is known to significantly increase both the persistence and recurrence rate of thyroid cancer, potentially decreasing survival. The gold standard of cervical lymph node management was originally a radical en bloc neck dissection originating with Jawdynski, in 1888. Over the past century, in order to alleviate the morbidity of these radical dissections, several modifications and conservative procedures have been advocated, especially for thyroid cancer. Conservative neck dissection, preserving functional structures of the neck unrelated to the spread of thyroid cancer, has evolved as a functionally and cosmetically advantageous approach that is facilitated by earlier detection of the disease and a better understanding of primary tumor nodal drainage patterns. Radical neck dissection (RND) has thus given way to a selective compartment-oriented neck dissection when possible, preserving many crucial structures of the neck while removing only the lymph nodes involved and those most likely to be involved with disease. Selective neck dissection is also being performed for small central compartment nodal metastases and prophylactically for more accurate staging of disease and risk stratification. This chapter aims to define and discuss the conservative surgical options for approaching cervical lymph node metastasis from thyroid cancer in the central neck compartment, including recent applications of innovative technology to further assist the surgeon in accomplishing these procedures.
The Context of the Aisles of the Abbey Church at Cluny

In The Context of the Aisles of the Abbey Church at Cluny, C. Edson Armi examines the construction, structure, and design of the ruined aisles of the abbey church at Cluny, the largest Christian basilica in the eleventh century. The empirical study of a peripheral part of the mother church of the Cluniac Order reveals new information about the context of creation, the synthesis of masonry traditions, and the originality of architectural ideas at the abbey.
Effects of planting density and processing method on laboratory characteristics of grain sorghum for ruminants.

Grain sorghum grown in 38-cm (high-density) or 76-cm rows (normal-density) was steam-flaked, harvested as high-moisture grain followed by rolling and ensiling, or dry-rolled. Chemical composition, enzymatic starch availability, CP insolubility, and IVDMD in a reduced-strength buffer were evaluated. High-density planting increased (P .10) P concentration, enzymatic starch availability, or CP insolubility. High-density planting resulted in lower (P < .10) in vitro ruminal culture pH at 6, 12, and 18 h of incubation when grain sorghum was processed by steam flaking, and lower (P < .10) IVDMD at 6, 12, and 18 h of digestion when grain sorghum was processed by dry rolling. Steam flaking decreased (P < .10) CP concentration and solubility and increased (P < .10) OM concentration. High-moisture ensiling decreased (P < .10) the insolubility of CP but did not otherwise seem to alter the chemical composition of grain sorghum relative to dry rolling. Starch was more available (P < .10), and DM was digested more rapidly and extensively (P < .10) in vitro, in steam-flaked sorghum followed by high-moisture sorghum. Based on these data, it seems that planting density primarily affected chemical composition of grain sorghum, whereas processing primarily affected CP insolubility and rate and extent of starch fermentation.
The laws of surface tension and their applicability to living cells and cell division

If a drop of liquid is suspended in a liquid medium, any area whose surface tension is reduced, spreads and protrudes, causing vortical currents, whereas any area whose surface tension is increased, contracts and becomes more flattened, causing a vortex in the opposite direction.
Genioglossi muscle activity in response to changes in anterior/neutral head posture

Clinicians have acknowledged swallowing, tongue activity, and head posture as interdependent variables that must be concurrently examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genioglossus activity during swallowing, rest, and maximal tongue protrusion in two head positions (HPs) with a noninvasive recording device. Eight Angle Class I subjects were evaluated. Repeated measures were performed in a single session to record surface intraoral electromyographic (EMG) activity of the genioglossus muscles. Head position was measured in angular degrees from photographs. Three variables were measured in both the neutral-head position (NHP) and anterior-head position (AHP): (1) duration of genioglossus EMG during swallowing, (2) genioglossus EMG with the tongue at rest, and (3) genioglossus EMG during maximal isometric tongue protrusion. A Wilcoxin matched-pair signed-rank statistic was used for EMG analysis, and a paired sample t test statistic was used for head posture analysis. The angles measured for NHP and AHP within each subject were significantly different verifying two different head positions. Duration of swallowing was not significantly different between head positions. Resting genioglossus EMG and maximal isometric genioglossus EMG were statistically greater in the AHP. The data suggest that head positional changes may have an effect on genioglossus muscle activation thresholds. However, small differences in resting EMG activity between head positions suggests that the clinical significance needs further investigation.
Systematic studies of light scattering. 1: Particle shape.

The light scattering properties of twenty-eight particles, spanning four sizes (near the resonance region) and seven related shapes (a 4:1 cylinder, 4:1 and 2:1 prolate spheroids, a sphere, 2:1 and 4:1 oblate spheroids, and a 4:1 disk), are presented for a common index of refraction, m = 1.61–i0.004, representing silicates. Microwave analog and theoretical methods were used to derive the scattered intensity and degree of polarization as a function of the scattering angle along with the extinction. All results refer to an ensemble or a cloud of identical particles because averages have been taken over random particle orientations. The degree of polarization, backscatter, and the radiation-pressure cross section are most sensitive to particle shape, implying that the use of Mie theory may be inappropriate for many applications.
Inflatene, an ichthyotoxic c12 hydrocarbon from the stoloniferan soft coral clavularia inflata var. luzoniana

Abstract A new tricyclic C12 hydrocarbon, inflatene (1), possessing unexpected ichthyotoxic properties, has been isolated as the major metabolite of the stoloniferan Clavularia inflata var. luzoniana . The structure of inflatene was secured by extensive FT-NMR studies with the natural product and several key derivatives.
Light dependent mating inhibition in the white-eye mutant ofDrosophila pseudoobscura

White-eyeDrosophila pseudoobscura males display a deficiency in their mating ability in the light, although they are able to mate readily in the dark. The present data suggest that the mating deficit is due to a neurobehavioral disruption produced by faulty visual input.
Growth and Total Body Water in Premature Infants Fed “In-utero” or “Ex-utero”

Total body water and anthropometric measurements were compared in two groups of premature infants. The first group included infants with birthweights less than 1,501 g who were fed under usual clinical circumstances and studied at a bodyweight of 1,800-2,100 g ("Ex-utero"); the second group of infants had a birthweight of 1,800 to 2,100 g and were studied within the first week of life ("In-utero"). Triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were significantly greater in "Ex-utero" infants than in "In-utero" infants, whereas body length was significantly greater in the latter group compared to the former. There were no difference in total body water, abdominal skinfold thickness, or midarm circumference between the two groups. These data suggest that feeding premature infants a standard premature infant formula under established guidelines leads to differences in body and fat distribution but not total body water compared to infants nourished "in utero".
How Do Economic Recessions Affect the U.S. Restaurant Industry

The objective of this study is to examine how the U.S. economic recessions have affected the restaurant industry using the key economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment rate, and interest rates. The analysis has been conducted separately for the full-service restaurant and limited-service restaurant sectors. Despite growing concerns about the consequences of economic recessions in the restaurant industry, little research has been conducted in this area. During an economic recession, limited-service restaurant sales might increase since consumers opt to use relatively inexpensive dining options such as fast-food while full-service restaurant sales are more likely to plunge due to high menu prices. The results of this study will provide useful guidance and assistance to restaurant operators as well as practitioners, in particular during periods of economic recession.
Characterization of interfacial friction in coated sheet steels: influence of stamping process parameters and wear mechanisms

By means of a tensile strip testing system, the nature of interfacial friction in stamping operations were investigated for three different coated sheet steels. Friction coefficient measurements were taken at seventeen distinct operating conditions by varying the sheet strip coating material (lead and zinc), applied lubricant (oil-base lubricants and greases) and pin radii (10 and 20 mm). In addition to determining the friction coefficient, the surface roughnesses of the sheet strips were measured before and after the completion of each test. From the experimental results, several relationships were ascertained for the role of the microscopic wear in determining the character of interfacial friction during stamping processes.
What happened (and what didn't): Discourse constraints on encoding of plausible alternatives.

Three experiments investigated how font emphasis influences reading and remembering discourse. Although past work suggests that contrastive pitch contours benefit memory by promoting encoding of salient alternatives, it is unclear both whether this effect generalizes to other forms of linguistic prominence and how the set of alternatives is constrained. Participants read discourses in which some true propositions had salient alternatives (e.g., British scientists found the endangered monkey when the discourse also mentioned French scientists) and completed a recognition memory test. In Experiments 1 and 2, font emphasis in the initial presentation increased participants’ ability to later reject false statements about salient alternatives but not about unmentioned items (e.g., Portuguese scientists). In Experiment 3, font emphasis helped reject false statements about plausible alternatives, but not about less plausible alternatives that were nevertheless established in the discourse. These results suggest readers encode a narrow set of only those alternatives plausible in the particular discourse. They also indicate that multiple manipulations of linguistic prominence, not just prosody, can lead to consideration of alternatives.
Dependence of lysozyme growth kinetics on step sources and impurities

Interferometric microscopy was used to investigate the growth morphology and kinetics of {110} and {101} faces of tetragonal lysozyme crystals. Solutions were prepared from as-received Sigma and Seikagaku material, and Seikagaku lysozyme further purified by cation exchange liquid chromatography under salt-free conditions. The protein composition of the solutions was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) electrophoresis with silver staining. We found that on crystals smaller than about 150 μm, 2D nucleation sites were randomly distributed over the faces. With increasing crystal size, surface nucleation became restricted to facet edges and, eventually, to facet corners. This reflects the higher interfacial supersaturation at these locations. However, on some crystals, we observed 2D nucleation at preferred non-corner sites presumably associated with defects. Upon abrupt temperature decreases, dislocation step sources formed on faces that previously had none. Within groups of dislocations, the dominating step source changed frequently. Depending on the activity of the dislocation groups, growth rates of different crystals differed by up to a factor of five during the same experiment. On facets with dislocation step sources, step generation by 2D nucleation became dominant above a critical supersaturation σ∗. In the absence of dislocations, nucleation-induced growth set in at σ < σ∗. In solutions with higher impurity concentrations, the density of the steps generated by 2D nucleation was higher and σ∗ was lower. Hence, it appears that impurity adspecies are active in surface nucleation. The presence of less than 1% of protein impurities with molecular weight (MW) ≥ 30 kD had significant effects on the crystallization kinetics. Step motion was impeded even at high σ, presumably through blocking of kink sites. In solutions without these high MW impurities, facets containing step sources did not grow below σ = ln(C / Csat) < 0.5. In the less pure solutions such a “dead zone” was not observed. Hence, it appears that in lysozyme dead zones are caused by non-protein impurities. In growth from the highly purified material no growth sector boundaries were visible, in contrast to the as-received lysozyme, and striae formation on growth temperature changes appeared drastically reduced.
Fourier Transform Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of a New A4Πi-X4Δi System of CoO

Abstract The near-infrared emission spectrum of CoO has been recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The bands observed in the region 5000-5800 cm−1 have been assigned to a new A 4 Π i - X 4 Δ i , electronic transition. The rotational analysis of the 0-0 and 1-1 bands of the 5/2-7/2 and 3/2-5/2 subbands provide the following principal molecular constants in the A 4 Π i , state: T 0 = 5513.9530(11) cm −1 , A 0 = −152.3274(10) cm −1 , and B 0 = 0.487525(83)cm −1 . Although these two subbands are free from local perturbations there is evidence of interaction with a nearby state, probably of 4 Σ − symmetry.
Technical Note-Risk Aversion in Stochastic Programming with Recourse

In stochastic programming with recourse the objective is to maximize the expected net payoff. This assumes implicitly no aversion to risk. With risk aversion, the objective becomes to maximize the expected concave utility of the net payoffs. Because of the special structure of the problem with risk aversion, a number of computational short cuts are possible in the mathematical program that results. All the second-stage problems can be solved as linear programs. Unfortunately, whether with or without risk aversion, it is necessary to solve the first-stage problem as a nonlinear program. This note shows that the latest representation of the gradient is but a simple modification of the latest representation of the linear objective function without risk aversion.
A physical standard of fibrinogen: measurement of the elastic modulus of dilute fibrin gels with a new elastometer.

Abstract We describe the construction and use of an inexpensive and easy to use Couette elastometer with buoyant inner cylinder for measurements with dilute gels. With this instrument we have performed measurements of the static elasticity on fibrin gels at concentrations between 0.002 and 1 mg/ml with elastic moduli between 0.02 and 100 dyne/cm 2 . Measurements with gels with lower elastic moduli are feasible; however, at lower fibrin concentrations no gelation is observed. The effects on the modulus of varying the concentration of calcium ion, of cross-linking of fibrin by Factor XIII a and of digestion of fibrinogen by plasmin have all recently been determined. The modulus is found to be a much more sensitive indication of damage done to fibrinogen than is the “clottability”. Consequently, we propose that the elastic shear modulus of dilute fibrin gels measured with this instrument be used as a standard for the characterization of fibrinogen samples.
Supervised learning for change-point detection

The detection of changes in the distribution of process variables is referred to as the change-point problem. Existing methods focus on detecting a single (or few) change point in a univariate (or low-dimensional) process. We consider the important high-dimensional multivariate case with multiple change points and without an assumed distribution. In this work the problem is transformed into a supervised learning problem with time as the output response and the process variables as inputs. Our focus is to identify the subset of variables that change. This important, practical scenario is analysed through a supervised learner with a variable importance measure that is used to identify the variables that change among hundreds of variables. Simulated cases are discussed in the paper to verify the proposed method. Moreover, the same data sets are compared with a multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control chart and the advantages of the supervised learner are illustrated.
Quantum electrodynamics and channeling in crystals

Abstract Anomalous quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects occur when energetic photons, electrons, or positrons move through solids in directions nearly parallel to crystal axes or planes. These anomalies are associated with “channeling effects”, which are the cooperative interactions between the energetic charged particles and atomic rows or planes in the crystal. Thus, under channeling conditions, the solid should be treated as a whole when QED processes are computed. Examples of such calculations are described here. Special emphasis is placed on pair creation by photons and radiation by electrons and positrons, but more complex processes are also considered. The theory shows that for a properly aligned crystal, the pair creation rate can be considerably enhanced, and that QED corrections to classical radiation are important at GeV energies. A considerable simplification of the calculations, and new insight into the physics is obtained by treating the crystal as a source of large transverse electric fields, which are effectively uniform for the high energy QED processes considered here. Recent experimental results relating to the theory are briefly described. Measurements of the radiation spectrum are in good quantitative agreement with the theory. “Crystal-assisted pair creation”, which is predicted by the theory, has also been observed, but the magnitude of the enhancement is not as large as was predicted.
Recent progress on understanding the effects of rotation in models of sea straits

A review is given describing progress over the past decade in understanding the effects of rotation in sea straits through the use of models. Major areas of advancement include the hydraulics of rotating fluids (including hydraulic control and hydraulic jumps), upstream influence and interaction with upstream basins, estimates and bounds on transports, time-dependence, and climate monitoring. A number of field programs also have led to better observation of the effects of rotation, and these efforts are mentioned here, and elsewhere in this volume.
Acute atypical type-A thoracic aortic dissection with intramural hematoma: The importance of patient symptoms and the transthoracic echocardiographic examination

Abstract This report demonstrates how transthoracic echocardiography, in conjunction with the sonographer's attention to patient symptomatology, heightened the clinical suspicion of an atypical aortic dissection, leading to further investigation and confirmation. Although initially undiagnosed by computed tomography, a structure suggestive of aortic dissection was subsequently found by transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography and a second computed tomography examination validated the transthoracic findings. An atypical type A aortic dissection with intramural hematoma was confirmed at operation. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:1099-103.)
Understanding meeting capture and access

Meeting capture has been a common subject of research in the ubiquitous computing community for the past decade. However, the majority of the research has focused on technologies to support the capture but not enough on the motivation for accessing the captured record and the impact on everyday work practices based on extended authentic use of a working capture and access system. Our long-term research agenda is to build capture services for distributed workgroups that provide appropriate motivation and to further understand how access of captured meetings impacts work practices. To do this, we have developed a testbed for meeting capture as part of a larger distributed work system called TeamSpace. We will put this system into real use in a variety of settings.
Pulse height distributions from deterministic radiation transport simulations

Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate that deterministic transport simulations can be used to calculate the pulse height distribution for photons interacting in detector geometries. Typically, Monte Carlo transport methods are used for this application. Utilizing the collided components of the scalar flux calculated from the standard Source Iteration procedure used in many deterministic transport codes, we have generated photon pulse height distributions that compare favorably with those from MCNP5. Several test problems in 1-D slab geometry form the basis of our comparison with MCNP5, but the algorithm is easily extensible to 3-D geometries.
A COMPARISON OF BASIC TASTE MODALITIES, USING A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE, FOR VARYING LEVELS OF SODIUM AND KCl IN TWO MODEL SOUP SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT This study examined the basic taste intensities in samples with varying levels of sodium and potassium chloride (KCl) in model soup systems in order to understand the impact of sodium reduction and KCl addition. Understanding the impact of different sodium and KCl levels may give insight into the potential interaction of KCl on the perceived saltiness of NaCl and a better understanding of the degree to which KCl can be used in reducing sodium without adversely affecting the basic taste sensory properties. These results suggest that a 48% sodium reduction is possible in chicken broth and tomato soup with the addition of 0.6 or 0.75% KCl and 0, 0.45, 0.6, or 0.75% KCl, respectively, without significant impact to basic taste sensory perceptions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS KCl in literature is described as bitter or metallic, and these attributes are considered limiting to KCl's potential as a sodium chloride replacement. This research shows that there is potential to reduce sodium by close to 50% with KCl without significantly impacting the saltiness or bitterness intensity in tomato soup or chicken broth. Higher sodium reductions with KCl additions may be possible in other food systems, resulting in acceptable flavor with a healthier nutrition profile.
Ambroise August Liébeault and psychic phenomena.

Abstract Some nineteenth-century hypnosis researchers did not limit their interest to the study of the conventional psychological and behavioral aspects of hypnosis, but also studied and wrote about psychic phenomena such as mental suggestion and clairvoyance. One example, and the topic of this paper, was French physician Ambroise August Liebeault (1823–1904), who influenced the Nancy school of hypnosis. Liebeault wrote about mental suggestion, clairvoyance, mediumship, and even so-called poltergeists. Some of his writings provide conventional explanations of the phenomena. Still of interest today, Liebeault's writings about psychic phenomena illustrate the overlap that existed during the nineteenth-century between hypnosis and psychic phenomena - an overlap related to the potentials of the mind and its subconscious activity.
Plate Tectonics: An Insider's History of the Modern Theory of the Earth

Anyone who has ever taught an introductory class or talked to a general audience on plate tectonics has attempted to tell how the theory came about. A challenge is to convey the enormous excitement that characterized the years of the “plate tectonics revolution.” The gestation and birth of this “new view of the Earth,” to borrow the term from S. Uyeda, took place merely 4 decades ago; yet it has changed forever the way we look not only at Earth, but also at all the terrestrial planets, and even at the larger icy bodies in our solar system.
In vitro release of insulin and biocompatibility of in situ forming gel systems

The purpose of this study was to develop single-dose insulin delivery system based on in situ forming gel to provide basal insulin level for a prolonged period. The in situ forming gel formulation was prepared by dissolving poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) in hydrophobic (benzyl benzoate) and hydrophilic (benzyl alcohol) solvent mixtures. In vitro release was carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) and the amount of released insulin was quantified by MicroBCA assay. In vivo biocompatibility study of in situ forming gel system was based on the histological evaluation of the tissue samples retrieved from injection sites at different time points. The tissue reaction was evaluated over 12 weeks. Throughout this period, all formulations showed normal inflammatory and foreign body reactions characterized by the presence of macrophages, fibroblasts and foreign body giant cells. Neither necrosis nor tissue damage could be identified. At the end of 12 weeks, no distinct histological differences were observed in comparison to the control tissue samples. The comparable results between blank and insulin-loaded in situ forming gel system indicated that the insulin itself did not induce additional inflammatory reactions. The results suggested that in situ forming gel system was biocompatible.
Comparative investigation of the performance of ZnO-based scintillators for use as α-particle detectors

Abstract As part of a comprehensive investigation of the scintillation properties of zinc-oxide-based scintillators, four samples of gallium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) powders have been characterized by means of X-ray excitation, α-particle excitation, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL). The ultimate goals of these studies are, first, to understand the scintillation mechanisms that are operative in various members of the ZnO family of scintillators, and, subsequently, to use this knowledge in order to improve the radiation-detection performance of ZnO. These samples have been considered for use in an α-detector for installation in a deuterium–tritium (D–T) neutron generator. All of the samples demonstrated principal decay time components on the order of 1 ns. PL measurements of the four powder samples did not unequivocally support any of the discussed models. Excitonic and shallow acceptor models, however, share a common starting point for future investigations. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) 3518 sample was found to be the most promising candidate, in terms of fast light output, for replacing the Nuclear Enterprises Technology sample for use in a ZnO:Ga-based α-particle detector. While the nature of the luminescence center(s) or the energy transfer mechanisms actually responsible for scintillation are not yet clearly understood, ZnO:Ga remains a highly desirable candidate scintillator for use in an α-detector for installation in a D–T neutron generator and extended investigations of the fundamental mechanisms and scintillation parameters that are operative in ZnO:Ga scintillators are continuing.
On a parametrization for solids under hydrostatic pressures

A newly developed parametrization successfully used to calculate the hydrostatic pressure dependence of the Cr3+ spectra of ruby is shown to be useful also for describing some cases of hydrostatic pressure shifts of Van Vleck susceptibilities and Knight shifts.
Effects of parent enhancement therapy on the treatment outcome and generalization of a parent training program

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of parent enhancement training in facilitating treatment and maintenance effects of a parent training program. Seventeen mothers and their clinic-referred noncompliant children were assigned to either a parent training alone group or a parent training plus parent enhancement therapy group. Fifteen mothers and their nonclinic children served as a quasi-control group. All clinic-referred mother-child dyads were treated individually by teaching the mother to reward compliance and other prosocial behavior and to use time-out for noncompliance. In addition, mothers in the parent training plus parent enhancement group also received treatment related to the following areas: parent's perception of their child's behavior, parent's personal adjustment, parent's marital adjustment, and parent's extrafamilial relationships. Assessment consisted of four home observations by independent observers prior to treatment, after treatment, and at a 2-month follow-up. The data indicated that the parent training plus parent enhancement therapy was more effective than parent training alone in changing child deviant behavior at posttreatment and in maintaining child compliance, child deviant behavior, parental rewards and parent contingent attention at follow-up. The control group did not change over the three assessment periods.
Hierarchical Porous Polymer Scaffolds from Block Copolymers

Hierarchical porous polymer materials are of increasing importance because of their potential application in catalysis, separation technology, or bioengineering. Examples for their synthesis exist, but there is a need for a facile yet versatile conceptual approach to such hierarchical scaffolds and quantitative characterization of their nonperiodic pore systems. Here, we introduce a synthesis method combining well-established concepts of macroscale spinodal decomposition and nanoscale block copolymer self-assembly with porosity formation on both length scales via rinsing with protic solvents. We used scanning electron microscopy, small-angle x-ray scattering, transmission electron tomography, and nanoscale x-ray computed tomography for quantitative pore-structure characterization. The method was demonstrated for AB- and ABC-type block copolymers, and resulting materials were used as scaffolds for calcite crystal growth.
Damping Coherent Oscillations in the AGS

In order to further study the vertical instability in the Brookhaven AGS a narrow band feedback damping system has been developed. The damping force is obtained from a pair of 6 ft long coils located in one of the straight sections. The damping signal is provided by a pair of pickup electrodes at an angle ? = 10.7° upstream from the coils. Since ?V ? 8.8, ?v ? ? ?/2. The damping is proportional to sin [n? - (n-?) 2? foT] where n is the mode number, fo the rotation frequency and T the time delay between the pickup and damping elements. The system is designed to work over a range in fo from 200 kc to 370 kc. In this range, with T = .14 ?sec, and for n = 7-11, the angle in brackets varies ± 19° from ?/2 if ? changes about ± 1%. With a simple filter in the feedback loop it is possible to provide damping for the lower order modes n = 9,8,10, without exciting those for n = 7,11 etc. under normal operating conditions.
Communication Between Village and City in the Modern Middle East

Much of the information one group has about another is acquired in the oral and written traditions by means of stereotypic images. As communication increases between two groups or two individuals, the stereotype becomes more detailed, more refined. But before we have an increase in information via various direct communication channels, these stereotypes may, indeed, be crude, carrying whole truths, half truths, and no truths.
GroEL Binds to and Unfolds Rhodanese Posttranslationally

The Escherichia coli chaperone GroEL is a member of a class of molecular chaperones that possesses a stacked double ring structure containing seven subunits per ring, with approximately 60-kDa subunits. It has been suggested that newly synthesized proteins may interact with a eukaryotic homolog of GroEL co-translationally, thereby sequestering the unfolded protein from other proteins in the cell. To test whether it is essential for GroEL to form a stable interaction with a nascent polypeptide co-translationally, we translated the well studied GroEL substrate rhodanese in bacterial and wheat germ translation extracts. We found that rhodanese formed stable complexes with GroEL solely posttranslationally. Upon binding to GroEL, the protease resistant N-terminal domain of rhodanese unfolds. This interaction with GroEL leads to productive folding of the full-length rhodanese. We conclude that GroEL is able to assist in the folding of newly synthesized proteins following release from the ribosome and that GroEL can unfold a trapped protein folding intermediate of rhodanese.