cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arrears in a Transition Economy: the Mechanism of Contagion

The arrears issue has long been one of the gravest unresolved problems in the Russian economy. With stabilisation of public finances and the onset of economic growth in recent years, the severity of this problem has markedly decreased, but it is too early to claim that it has been completely resolved. This paper analyses macroeconomic aspects of arrears in terms of the hypothesis that arrears are a way of providing hidden subsidies to inefficient production companies. The results of the study point to such negative effects of arrears on the economy as decline in consumption, decrease in demand for real cash balances, encouragement of barter and offsets, veiling of the initial sources of arrears, and distortion of normal market responses to the debtor's financial problems. The latter is connected to the fact that problems of insolvent firms and entire sectors in the conditions of a system of non-payments are not confined to specific economic agents but are multiplied and spread throughout the economy, creating financial problems for other firms and sectors as well. As some sectors of the economy do not accept delays in payment for delivered products, generation of overdue payables in one sector may result in demand constraints and consumption decline in other sectors. In an environment where wage arrears are tolerated, households automatically become a creditor of insolvent sectors, reducing their own consumption. Offsets do not have any effect on the established system of hidden subsidies, as they decrease accumulated arrears only in the short term. As to barter, it can be viewed as a system of compulsory consumption of goods manufactured by domestic producers.
Innovation In Medicare And Medicaid Will Be Central To Health Reform’s Success

The health reform legislation signed into law by President Barack Obama contains numerous payment reform provisions designed to fundamentally transform the nation’s health care system. Perhaps the most noteworthy of these is the establishment of a Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation within the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. This paper presents recommendations that would maximize the new center’s effectiveness in promoting reforms that can improve the quality and value of care in Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program, while helping achieve health reform’s goals of more efficient, coordinated, and effective care.
Responses of gerbil and guinea pig auditory nerve fibers to low-frequency sinusoids☆

The characteristics of time-locked auditory nerve fiber responses to 50 Hz acoustic sinusoids were studied in gerbils and guinea pigs. Whereas the time-locked responses of all guinea pig fibers produced single-peaked period histograms, those of the gerbil produced distorted, multiple-peaked response histograms, especially fibers with characteristic frequencies (CFs) between 2 and 10 kHz. Although the shapes of the period histograms vary with stimulus intensity, the phases of the fundamental components are essentially invariant over the range of stimulus intensities used. In contrast to the phase of the cochlear microphonic produced by the 50 Hz stimulus, which was constant along the length of the cochlea in both species, the phase of the neural responses depends on the fiber CF in each of the two species. In guinea pigs, the phase of the neural responses relative to the acoustic stimulus decreases with the fiber CF from a phase lead of 90 degrees for fibers with CFs below 300 Hz to a phase lag of nearly 60 degrees for fibers with CFs greater than 3 kHz. In gerbils, the response phase also decreases with increasing CF below 2 kHz and above 10 kHz but undergoes an abrupt 160 degrees phase increase between those frequencies.
Running inflation in the Standard Model

Abstract An interacting scalar field with largish coupling to curvature can support a distinctive inflationary universe scenario. Previously this has been discussed for the Standard Model Higgs field, treated classically or in a leading log approximation. Here we investigate the quantum theory using renormalization group methods. In this model the running of both the effective Planck mass and the couplings is important. The cosmological predictions are consistent with existing WMAP5 data, with 0.967 ≲ n s ≲ 0.98 (for N e = 60 ) and negligible gravity waves. We find a relationship between the spectral index and the Higgs mass that is sharply varying for m h ∼ 120 – 135 GeV (depending on the top mass); in the future, that relationship could be tested against data from PLANCK and LHC. We also comment briefly on how similar dynamics might arise in more general settings, and discuss our assumptions from the effective field theory point of view.
Out-of-hospital pulmonary edema: Diagnosis and treatment

Sixty-two patients diagnosed by paramedics as having acute cardiac pulmonary edema out of the hospital were studied. The paramedic prehospital diagnosis as confirmed by an emergency physician, chest film, and hospital admission evaluation was correct in 55 of 62 patients (89%). In the group with acute cardiac pulmonary edema, 64% demonstrated cardiac dysrhythmias, including cardiac arrest, prior to the patient's hospitalization. Therapy administered by the paramedics was beneficial in the most patients had improved on arrival at the hospital. Six of the 10 patients (60%) sustaining cardiac arrest were successfully resuscitated. Acute cardiac pulmonary edema occurring outside the hospital is commonly associated with significant complications, including life-threatening arrhythmias. Well-trained paramedics are capable of quickly diagnosing and treating acute cardiac pulmonary edema outside the hospital setting.
A chloroplast mutation in Nicotiana tabacum L. which has temperature-sensitive effects on germination and seedling development

Abstract Mitochondria and glyoxysomes have well-documented and important roles in the metabolism of germinating seeds. The roles plastids may play during germination are not as well-studied. A plastid mutation in tobacco which retards germination, root hair appearance, hypocotyl emergence and cotyledon emergence, is described. The mutation is temperature-sensitive; at 15°C germination and seedling development are significantly slower than for control plants, while at 24°C germination and seedling development of the mutant and the control are very similar. Prior studies have shown that chlorophyll accumulation and thylakoid development are also defective in this mutant. Plastid functions in seeds and their possible links to chloroplast development are discussed.
Efficacy of Octenidine Hydrochloride for Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes on Cattle Hides

The efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride (OH; 0.025, 0.15, and 0.25%) for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes on cattle hides was investigated at 23°C in the presence and absence of bovine feces. All tested concentrations of OH were effective in decreasing more than 5.0 log CFU of bacteria/cm(2) in 5 min (P < 0.01). The results suggest that OH could be used to decontaminate cattle hides; however, further studies under commercial settings are necessary to validate these results.
One-step protocol for assays of total and direct bilirubin with stable combined reagents.

We describe an improved colorimetric method for assays of total and direct bilirubin in serum. Bilirubin reacts with diazotized sulfanilic acid in an acidic medium to form a blue azopigment. Total bilirubin is assayed in the presence of reaction accelerators (caffeine, urea, and citric acid), direct bilirubin in their absence. The azo compound so formed is read at the same wavelength (570 nm) in both assays. A sample blank is run in parallel. Standard curves are linear for total and direct bilirubin concentrations up to 513.0 and 256.5 mumol/L, respectively. The method is characterized by (a) use of the same protocol for both assays, i.e., a one-step procedure with short reaction time (5 min at room temperature), and (b) use of a single working solution, which, refrigerated, is stable for one month. The method is reliable, yields results that compare closely with those of the classical Jendrassik--Grof method, is suitable for routine use, and lends itself to automation.
Multiple-objective problems: Pareto-optimal solutions by method of proper equality constraints

The method of proper equality constraints for obtaining the set P of all Pareto-optimal solutions of a general multiple-objective problem and the set M of all performance index vectors attainable by the Pareto-optimal solutions is presented in this paper. These sets are very useful for those designers, performance analyzers, control agents, and decision makers who are faced with multiple objectives to make appropriate compromises, tradeoffs or choices. That this method is effective for general applications is clearly demonstrated by examples with various kinds of complexity. New necessary and sufficient conditions for Pareto optimality, local Pareto optimality, and local maximal index vectors are also presented. These conditions and the method are useful for both computation and analysis. New observations on a generalized classical Pareto-optimum problem are thereby obtained.
Reactivation of latent HIV-1 by inhibition of BRD4

HIV-1 depends on many host factors for propagation. Other host factors, however, antagonize HIV-1 and may have profound effects on viral activation. Curing HIV-1 requires the reduction of latent viral reservoirs that remain in the face of antiretroviral therapy. Using orthologous genetic screens, we identified bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) as a negative regulator of HIV-1 replication. Antagonism of BRD4, via RNA interference or with a small molecule inhibitor, JQ1, both increased proviral transcriptional elongation and alleviated HIV-1 latency in cell-line models. In multiple instances, JQ1, when used in combination with the NF-κB activators Prostratin or PHA, enhanced the in vitro reactivation of latent HIV-1 in primary T cells. These data are consistent with a model wherein BRD4 competes with the virus for HIV-1 dependency factors (HDFs) and suggests that combinatorial therapies that activate HDFs and antagonize HIV-1 competitive factors may be useful for curing HIV-1 infection.
Single-Pixel Imaging via Compressive Sampling

In this article, the authors present a new approach to building simpler, smaller, and cheaper digital cameras that can operate efficiently across a broader spectral range than conventional silicon-based cameras. The approach fuses a new camera architecture based on a digital micromirror device with the new mathematical theory and algorithms of compressive sampling.
On-line logging in of periodicals by CODEN using interactive query report processor

Journal Log In is a computer on-line system for checking in periodicals. Input is fast and several options are offered for output. Used in conjunction with an IBM system called IQRP (Interactive Query Report Processing), it permits a serials librarian to use shortened commands coupled with a CODEN for ease in logging in periodicals. The greatest benefit of this system has been its ability to perform an on-line search for delinquent journals. The result is a claims list that can be sent immediately to a subscription agency or a publisher. Other reports that are generated are a daily status report of all the periodicals for the current year, annual bindery lists, order lists for the subscription agency, and a CODEN list with matching titles.
Complex system identification methods for fast echo canceler initialization

The authors propose a new recursive version of a technique proposed by G. Long and F. Ling (1990) for the initialization of a data-driven echo canceler (DDEC). They prove that the Long and Ling algorithm yields a least-squares solution, and then a new technique is presented which is comparable to the recursive-least-squares (RLS) algorithm. However, the use of a unique training sequence reduces the complexity of the RLS algorithm to that of the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. An analysis of the covariance of the estimated weight vector is presented, and simulation results show a remarkable improvement in both convergence speed and steady-state error. >
The embryonic value of the micromeres in Ilyanassa obsoleta, as determined by deletion experiments. I. The first quartet cells

Each of the first quartet micromeres of Ilyanassa obsoleta has been removed at the 8-cell stage, and the effect of the loss observed in the larva. Removal of the 1a micromere resulted in all cases in absence of the left eye; a small reduction in size of the left lobe of the velum could frequently be detected also. In other observed details the larvae appeared complete. Absence of the 1b micromere resulted in a variable tendency toward synophthalmia, and some indication of reduction in size of the velum. Sporadic abnormalities of other types were encountered in the experimental series. Loss of the 1c micromere resulted in absence of the right eye, a slight reduction in size of the right lobe of the velum and, probably, absence of the right tentacle. Removal of the 1d micromere was without observed effect on larval structure in two out of three cases. The results are compared with deductions from cell lineage work on the related form Crepidula, and they are considered also from the standpoint of regulative capacity. The Ilyanassa embryo shows both mosaic and regulative features.
Integrating a network-structured database into an object-oriented programming language

Smalltalk is an object-oriented language (Ingalls78, KayGoldberg77, Hewitt73). PIE is a subsystem that extends Smalltalk's descriptive power by supporting the creation, storage, retrieval and manipulation of network structures (GoldsteinBobrow80a,b,c; BobrowGoldstein80). These networks have been employed to represent software, documentation, electronic mail, calendars, people, addresses, bibliographic references and other items that together comprise the personal information space of a user of an office information system. By employing a common network representation, PIE supports an integrated environment for software development and office-related tasks. PIE has been developed collaboratively with Dan Bobrow, and is presently being used on an experimental basis by a small community at Xerox PARC.Smalltalk represents entities in the external world as objects. An object has a state—i.e. an assignment of values to a set of state variables—and a class. The class of an object defines the behavior of the object in terms of a set of methods. Thus the class is a generic description of a collection of objects, while the objects associated with a class provide a particular description of the state of individual instances.
The genetics of amphibian declines: population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite Toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data

We present a comprehensive survey of genetic variation across the range of the narrowly distributed endemic Yosemite toad Bufo canorus, a declining amphibian restricted to the Sierra Nevada of California. Based on 322 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, we found limited support for the monophyly of B. canorus and its closely related congener B. exsul to the exclusion of the widespread western toad B. boreas. However, B. exsul was always phylogenetically nested within B. canorus, suggesting that the latter may not be monophyletic. SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) analysis of 372 individual B. canorus from 28 localities in Yosemite and Kings Canyon National Parks revealed no shared haplotypes among these two regions and lead us to interpret these two parks as distinct management units for B. canorus. Within Yosemite, we found significant genetic substructure both at the level of major drainages and among breeding ponds. Kings Canyon samples show a different pattern, with substantial variation among breeding sites, but no substructure among drainages. Across the range of B. canorus as well as among Yosemite ponds, we found an isolation-by-distance pattern suggestive of a stepping stone model of migration. However, in Kings Canyon we found no hint of such a pattern, suggesting that movement patterns of toads may be quite different in these nearby parklands. Our data imply that management for B. canorus should focus at the individual pond level, and effective management may necessitate reintroductions if local extirpations occur. A brief review of other pond-breeding anurans suggests that highly structured populations are often the case, and thus that our results for B. canorus may be general for other species of frogs and toads.
Silicon evanescent optical frequency comb generator

A mode-locked silicon evanescent laser is used to generate over 100 wavelengths evenly spaced by 10 GHz. Optical injection locking reduces the linewidths of the remaining 30 modes to less than 100 kHz.
The 2007 LabROSA Cover Song Detection System

We describe our cover song detection system, as submitted to the MIREX 2007 Cover Song Detection evaluation. The system is developed from our 2006 MIREX system, which was the best-performing entry in last year’s evaluation. Using the new “covers80” dataset of 80 pairs of songs and covers, we improve the overall detection from 42.5% to 67.5% through a collection of minor modificationsrelatingtocorrelationnormalization, tempotracking, andtemporalfilteringofthebeat-synchronouschroma representation.
'How many calories are in my burrito?' Improving consumers' understanding of energy (calorie) range information.

Objective:Energy (calorie) ranges currently appear on menu boards for customized menu items and will likely appear throughout the USA when menu-labelling legislation is implemented. Consumer welfare advocates have questioned whether energy ranges enable accurate energy estimates. In four studies, we examined: (i) whether energy range information improves energy estimation accuracy; (ii) whether misestimates persist because consumers misinterpret the meaning of the energy range end points; and (iii) whether energy estimates can be made more accurate by providing explicit information about the contents of items at the end points. Design:Four studies were conducted, all randomized experiments. Setting:Study 1 took place outside a Chipotle restaurant. Studies 2 to 4 took place online. Subjects:Participants in study 1 were customers exiting a Chipotle restaurant (n306). Participants in studies 2 (n205), 3 (n290) and 4 (n874) were from an online panel. Results:Energy ranges reduced energy misestimation across different menu items (studies 1‐4). One cause of remaining misestimation was misinterpretation of the low end point’s meaning (study 2). Providing explicit information about the contents of menu items associated with energy range end points further reduced energy misestimation (study 3) across different menu items (study 4). Conclusions:Energy range information improved energy estimation accuracy and defining the meaning of the end points further improved accuracy. We suggest that when restaurants present energy range information to consumers, they should explicitly define the meaning of the end points.
A role for the FtsQLB complex in cytokinetic ring activation revealed by an ftsL allele that accelerates division

The cytokinetic apparatus of bacteria is initially formed by the polymerization of the tubulin-like FtsZ protein into a ring structure at midcell. This so-called Z-ring facilitates the recruitment of many additional proteins to the division site to form the mature divisome machine. Although the assembly pathway leading to divisome formation has been well characterized, the mechanisms that trigger cell constriction remain unclear. In this report, we study a “forgotten” allele of ftsL from Escherichia coli, which encodes a conserved division gene of unknown function. We discovered that this allele promotes the premature initiation of cell division. Further analysis also revealed that the mutant bypasses the requirement for the essential division proteins ZipA, FtsK, and FtsN and partially bypasses the need for FtsA. These findings suggest that rather than serving simply as a protein scaffold within the divisome, FtsL may play a more active role in the activation of the machine. Our results support a model in which FtsL, along with its partners FtsB and FtsQ, function as part of a sensing mechanism that promotes the onset of cell wall remodeling processes needed for the initiation of cell constriction once assembly of the divisome complex is deemed complete.
Estimation of Spatial Correlation of Drop Size Distribution Parameters and Rain Rate Using NASA's S-Band Polarimetric Radar and 2D Video Disdrometer Network: Two Case Studies from MC3E

AbstractPolarimetric radar data obtained at high spatial and temporal resolutions offer a distinct advantage in estimating the spatial correlation function of drop size distribution (DSD) parameters and rain rate compared with a fixed gauge–disdrometer network. On two days during the 2011 Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) campaign in Oklahoma, NASA’s S-band polarimetric radar (NPOL) performed repeated PPI scans every 40 s over six 2D video disdrometer (2DVD) sites, located 20–30 km from the radar. The two cases were 1) a rapidly evolving multicell rain event (with large drops) and 2) a long-duration stratiform rain event. From the time series at each polar pixel, the Pearson correlation coefficient is computed as a function of distance along each radial in the PPI scan. Azimuthal dependence is found, especially for the highly convective event. A pseudo-1D spatial correlation is computed that is fitted to a modified-exponential function with two parameters (decorrelation distance ...
Parental Behavior Controls Incubation Period and Asynchrony of Hatching in Magellanic Penguins

Abstract. In many species of birds, periods of incubation of eggs within a clutch depend on the order in which the eggs were laid and determine whether the eggs hatch asynchronously or on the same day. Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) lay two eggs 4 days apart that hatch 2 days apart; first eggs take 41 days to hatch, and second eggs take 39 days. We tested whether temperatures of the two eggs differ and whether delayed onset of incubation caused this pattern. First eggs were cooler than second eggs during their first few days (P < 0.001). First eggs averaged 23.4 ± 0.3 °C in the first 24–48 hours after they were laid. Second eggs averaged 27.9 ± 0.3 °C, warm enough for development. Egg temperature did not stabilize (33.9 °C) until eggs were about 18 days old. We swapped first and second eggs of different nests to determine if parental behavior caused the differences in temperatures and incubation periods. First eggs treated as second eggs developed as fast as control second eggs, and second ...
Home apnea monitoring in the intermountain west

Abstract During the past five years home apnea monitoring has increased by 450% in the sparsely populated Intermountain West, a region consisting of Utah, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, and Idaho. This article describes the reasons for monitoring, ages of monitored children, and length of equipment use as well as the types of problems frequently encountered by PNPs when caring for monitored children. Among the major problems are technical difficulties, failure of health care providers to instruct parents in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, family disruption, emotional effects, problems with siblings, home safety, and reimbursement difficulties. Ways in which PNPs can meet the needs of monitored children and their families are discussed.
What Does Batman Think about SpongeBob? Children's Understanding of the Fantasy/Fantasy Distinction.

Abstract Young children reliably distinguish reality from fantasy; they know that their friends are real and that Batman is not. But it is an open question whether they appreciate, as adults do, that there are multiple fantasy worlds. We test this by asking children and adults about fictional characters' beliefs about other characters who exist either within the same world (e.g., Batman and Robin) or in different worlds (e.g., Batman and SpongeBob). Study 1 found that although both adults and young children distinguish between within-world and across-world types of character relationships, the children make an unexpected mistake: they often claim that Batman thinks that Robin is make believe. Study 2 used a less explicit task, exploring intuitions about the actions of characters—whom they could see, touch, and talk to—and found that children show a mature appreciation of the ontology of fictional worlds.
Comparative lung toxicity of engineered nanomaterials utilizing in vitro , ex vivo and in vivo approaches

Background Although engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are currently regulated either in the context of a new chemical, or as a new use of an existing chemical, hazard assessment is still to a large extent reliant on information from historical toxicity studies of the parent compound, and may not take into account special properties related to the small size and high surface area of ENM. While it is important to properly screen and predict the potential toxicity of ENM, there is also concern that current toxicity tests will require even heavier use of experimental animals, and reliable alternatives should be developed and validated. Here we assessed the comparative respiratory toxicity of ENM in three different methods which employed in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo toxicity testing approaches.
Polyimidines: A new class of polymers. III. A comparison of isomers of polypyromellitimidines

The cis (3,3,5,5-), trans (3,3,7,7-), oxo, and thio analogs of tetraphenylpyromellitide were polymerized with 1, 6-hexane diamine, p-phenylene diamine, and p,p'-diaminodiphenyl ether under various conditions. A comparison was then made of reactivity of the isomers and of the properties of the polymers. In general the thio monomers were more soluble and reactive than the oxo. They also gave more thermally stable polymers. The cis isomers of the monomers were more soluble than the trans, but the trans were more reactive. The least stable of the 12 polymers prepared was that from the cis–oxo monomer and 1,6-hexane diamine. It gave a 10% weight loss at 300°C in air and 340°C in nitrogen by TGA. The most stable polymer was from the reaction of the cis–thio pyromellitide with p,p'-diaminodiphenyl ether, which showed 10% weight losses by TGA at 560 and 650°C in air and nitrogen, respectively. The polymers were stable in hot dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. They were all soluble in chloroform, dimethylformamide, and sulfuric acid. Polymers that contained sulfur were also soluble in carbon tetrachloride, benzene, xylene, and toluene. Brittle films could be cast from solution or melt-pressed.
Cell Phones and Children: Follow the Precautionary Road

Children are increasingly using cell phones. "Family package" deals make it easy for parents to obtain phones for their children, and the phones provide parents with the comfort of easy access to their children. However, cell phones emit radio frequency (RF) radiation (Bucher & the Committee on Appropriations, 2010). While the government has deemed RF radiation to be safe, there is no current significant research to make this claim. To determine the relationship between cell phone radiation and brain cancer requires long-term studies lasting decades and with inclusion of frequent users in the subject pool. Further, to extend the results of any study to children requires controlling for the differences between juveniles and adults regarding the composition of the head, and bone density and neural tissue. Dr. L. Hardell of the University Hospital of Sweden noted that "it is necessary to apply the precautionary principle in this situation," especially for long-term exposure that is likely to affect children (Hardell as cited in Mead, 2008, p. 1). There is cause for concern.
Neurovascular Disorders: Novel Perspectives on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Neurovascular disorders include subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations, carotid disease, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and moyamoya disease. Recently, there has been a greater understanding of both the genetic links and the basic mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of neurovascular diseases. Additionally, there have been significant advances in diagnosis, medical treatment, and microsurgical/endovascular therapies. This special issue on neurovascular disorders sheds light on several important aspects of common neurovascular disorders including acute ischemic stroke, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Among several nicely conducted studies published in this issue, Y. Zhang et al. provide us with a study demonstrating that somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potentials assessed between 4 and 7 days after severe stroke onset may predict unfavorable outcome. S. Hillman et al. study temporal changes in the quality of acute stroke care in five national audits in Europe and report a general trend towards a better quality of stroke care over time signaling that monitoring of stroke care performance contributes to the improvement of quality of care. In a nicely designed experiment, N. Iwata et al. report that repeated administration of etanercept may prevent exacerbation of cerebral ischemic injury in diabetic rats. W. Li et al. demonstrate that SAMHD1 gene mutations are associated with cerebral large-artery atherosclerosis. In a pilot study, C.-P. Chung et al. report that the level of circulating endothelial progenitor cell is associated with cerebral vasoreactivity. With regard to AVMs, M. Xu et al. provide us with a timely review of animal models for studying cerebral AVMs. Finally, A. Benet et al. elegantly demonstrate the feasibility of implanting a 3D-printed brain aneurysm model in human cadavers for use in neurosurgical research, case planning, and operative training. Improvements in diagnosis, imaging, and therapies will lead to improved outcomes for neurovascular disorders. It is crucial to study the safety and efficacy of new therapies and compare them to the existing modalities to identify the best options for our patients. Within this compilation of studies, we hope to elucidate areas of uncertainty, recent developments, and clinical necessity. David Hasan Nohra Chalouhi Aaron S. Dumont Robert M. Starke Pascal Jabbour
Vacuum Ultraviolet Photodissociation and Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) Mass Spectrometry: Revisited.

We revisited the implementation of 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) within the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cell of a Fourier transform–ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. UVPD performance characteristics were examined in the context of recent developments in the understanding of UVPD and in-cell tandem mass spectrometry. Efficient UVPD and photo-ECD of a model peptide and proteins within the ICR cell of a FT-ICR mass spectrometer are accomplished through appropriate modulation of laser pulse timing, relative to ion magnetron motion and the potential applied to an ion optical element upon which photons impinge. It is shown that UVPD yields efficient and extensive fragmentation, resulting in excellent sequence coverage for model peptide and protein cations.
A Parametric Approach to NASA Mission Operations Costing

Quantifying the cost of mission operations can be problematic. Currently few tools exist to estimate these costs and fewer that utilize a parametric approach. This paper begins the process of developing a parametric model for estimating mission operation costs. We hypothesize that the costs of mission operations are determined by the duration and type of operation activity. For the purposes of this paper operation activities fall into the following four categories: hibernated cruise, standard cruise, flyby, and high intensity operations. Hypothesis tests were conducted on each of the aforementioned categories and the results are based on data from APL’s historical missions. Those results will be used to develop a Cost Estimating Relationship (CER) to better predict mission operation costs.
Determination of Sweet Potato Content Mixed in Kuzu Starch by Two Methods of X-ray Diffractometry and Thickening with Alkali

X線回折法及びアルカリ糊化法による葛澱粉と甘藷澱粉の混合割合測定法を検討した.(1) X線回折像から定量的に混合割合を測定する方法を検討したが,両澱粉の特徴をよく表わしている第4環に着目し,4a環と4b環の強度化を求める方法がもっとも良好であった.(2) 両澱粉の第4環がa, b2つのピークの合成されTable 8 Comparison of confidence limit at 95% level of means measured by 5 methodsa (%)たものと考え,第4環を2つの正規分布曲線に分割したところ実験値と計算値がよく一致した.(3) 澱粉のアルカリ糊化を利用した測定法を検討した結果,糊化剤として水酸化カリウム溶液を用い,混合割合を数値化する方法として,試験管転倒法による至適アルカリ濃度を求める方法を開発することができた.(4) 現在までに開発したSEM法,光遮断法,沈降法,X線回折法及びアルカリ糊化法を比較したところ,比較的よく一致した結果が得られたものの,より正確な結果を得るためには,観点の違った複数の方法を組合わせて判断する必要がある.
Aspects of Pan-Africanism

(1973). Aspects of Pan-Africanism. The Black Scholar: Vol. 4, The Pan-African Debate, pp. 2-8.
Controlling Vibration of the Entire Engine Rotating System

Aggressive goals for reliability improvement and noise reduction in compression ignition engines require treatment of all the rotating components as a system. The complex interaction of these components limits the practicality of simulations. Yet, at the same time, the large number of possible designs precludes testing every option. This paper presents a study where simulation is used to characterize rotating components and identify the proper application of solutions, and testing is used to integrate the possibilities in an optimal fashion. The study is done on a heavy-duty compression ignition engine, and includes a fresh look at traditional components (torsional viscoelastic dampers) as well as some novel technologies (pendulums and squeeze dampers).© 2003 ASME
Polymer composites for long-term structural applications

The potential new markets for polymer-matrix fiber composites (PMCs) are in the commercial aircraft, transportation, machinery, marine, and public works industries. A common requirement for many of the envisioned applications is the need to withstand structural loading for extended periods of time. Although good design using PMCs usually implies exploiting the high strength and stiffness properties of the fiber reinforcement, this article demonstrates that the matrix and interface properties play primary roles in the long-term durability of these materials.
An Efficient Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2-pyrrolino[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one and Its 7-Substituted Analogues

An efficient synthesis of 4-chloro-2-pyrrolino[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one was achieved in four steps starting from dimethyl malonate in 23% overall yield. This synthesis was demonstrated on 100 g scale to obtain 4-chloro-2-pyrrolino[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one in 98.5% purity. Similarly, 7-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-chloro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one and 7-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-chloro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one were synthesized by the reaction of methyl 2-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate with an appropriately substituted benzylamine.
Splanchnic vascular effects of pharmacologic doses of oxytocin in the canine.

AbstractEffects of iv infusion of oxytocin in pharmacologic doses (0.95-7.6 U/min for 10 min) upon systemic arterial and portal venous pressures and on small intestinal and hepatic arterial resistances were observed in anesthetized male dogs. Arterial pressure underwent a biphasic response; transient decrease followed by an increase throughout the remainder of the infusion. With the largest dose pressure decreased 22% from 104 ± 10 to 81 & 12 after 3 min, but returned to 108 t 11 mm Hg after 10 min. One hour later, oxytocin infusion was repeated and no transient depressor response was seen, only a slight further 9% increase in pressure with 7.6 U/min. Small intestinal vasculature reflected a somewhat similar picture; a transient decrease in resistance, but followed by a rather prominent increase. During 7.6 U/min infusion it decreased 23%, from 3.5 ± 0.8 to 2.7 ± 0.8 after 3 min, but then increased 60% to 5.6 ± 0.9 mm Hg/ml · min · 100 g after 10 min. No dilation but rather only a further 57% resistance i...
Conservation and Hunting: Till Death Do They Part? A Legal Ethnography of Deer Management

Claims that hunters are exemplar conservationists would likely come as a surprise to many. Hunters, after all, kill animals. Isn’t there a better way to appreciate wildlife than to kill and consume it? Yet there is no mistake: wildlife managers frequently make the claim that hunters, in the United States at least, are in fact some of the greatest conservationists. This article explores the complex historical and contemporary entanglements between hunting and wildlife conservation in the United States from a regulatory perspective. Such entanglements are multifaceted: hunting provides substantial financial support for conservation and hunters are the state’s primary tools for managing “big game” populations. Additionally, many wildlife officials are themselves hunters, and wildlife management programs are often geared toward the interests of hunters. Statutes, regulations, and governmental policies have been set in place that both reflect and reinforce this intimate relationship. This article draws on seven in-depth, semi-structured interviews, mainly with government wildlife managers, as well as on my own participatory observations accompanying a wildlife manager on a hunting trip, to trace the interconnections between hunting and conservation and the detailed regulatory regimes that have emerged around them. The management of the white-tailed deer in New York State will serve as a case study for these explorations of how American wildlife officials think about, and practice, their work of governing wildlife hunting.
Experimentation Research on Steel Wool Filtration and Its Application in Water Quality Support

In order to improve the efficiency of water quality support,the filtration equipment with steel wool medium was designed and directly flirtation of raw water was studied by experiment.The steel wool filtration had much virtue as follow: the shorter period of mature,the stronger ability of removed suspended solids,the less hydraulic loss in the filter cycle and the evenly hydraulic loss distributing.Based on the study in the laboratory,the reservoir water which was filtered by steel wool was studied on the spot.The steel wool has preferable treatment capacity under the condition of high speed and continuum operation.At the same time,combined steel wool filter with ultraviolet ray disinfection techniques could get high water quality and efficiency treatment,which could satisfy the need of water quality support.
Comparative study of transthoracic echocardiography and CTA in diagnosis of tetralogy of fallot

Objective To explore the value of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) and multi-slice CT angiography(CTA) in diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF).Methods The results of TTE and CTA in 56 patients with TOF were analyzed retrospectively,then they were compared with surgery results.The diagnostic accordance rate of the two methods in diagnosis of TOF was compared.Results The accurate rate of TTE was higher than that of CTA in diagnosis of intracardiac malformation,such as ventricular septal defect,overriding aorta and so on.While the accurate rate of CTA was higher than that of TTE in diagnosis of extracardial malformation,such as abnormal formation of pulmonary artery.Conclusion TTE and CTA have important value in diagnosis of TOF,and the two methods have their own superiority.Clinicians should fully realize the advantage and disadvantage of TTE and CTA,and combine the two methods to making a comprehensive,accurate diagnosis.
New suggestions for the physiological role of secretory protein-I

A major endocrine secretory protein of unknown function termed secretory protein-I or, alternatively, chromogranin A, is attracting increasing attention. Because of its abundance and apparently universal presence in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells, many suggestions for a physiological role have been advanced. Recent data provide the first firm bases for some proposed functions that include a regulator of a novel protease capable of converting prohormones to hormones, a hormone precursor, and through its calcium-binding and aggregating properties, a secretory granule condensing protein.
Development of the Life Story in Early Adolescence

Life span developmental psychology proposes that the ability to create a coherent life narrative does not develop until early adolescence. Using a novel methodology, 10-, 12-, and 14-year-old parti...
Serum C-reactive protein in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome versus food protein-induced proctocolitis in Japan.

BACKGROUND Some infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) have increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fever in Japan. The aim of this study was therefore to clarify and compare the incidence of this in patients with FPIES versus patients with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP). METHODS One hundred and sixteen infants with non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies were enrolled in this study and classified into three phenotypes: FPIES presenting with vomiting and/or diarrhea (n = 47); FPIP with bloody stool alone (n =19); and the mixed phenotype (MP), bloody stool with vomiting and/or diarrhea (n = 50). RESULTS Serum CRP was increased in 55.3% of the FPIES group, similar to that in the MP group (54.0%), and significantly higher than in the FPIP group (15.8%; P < 0.01). Fever was observed in 29.8% of the FPIES group, significantly higher than in the MP group (8.0%; P < 0.01) and in the FPIP group (0%; P < 0.05). Patients with fever had significantly higher serum CRP than patients without fever (median, 12.8 vs <0.2 mg/dL, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Serum CRP was significantly higher in the FPIES group than in the FPIP group. This suggests that serum CRP is a useful marker for differentiating the pathogenesis of FPIES from FPIP. From the perspective of serum CRP, the pathology of the intestinal inflammation in MP subjects is suggested to be similar to that of FPIES.
The Time between a Field Experiment and its Published Results

A survey of the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, the Journal of Applied Meteorology, and the Monthly Weather Review shows that the number of publications per year resulting from GATE (GARP Atla...
The Queue M/M/1

Let A (t) be the number of arrivals during a time interval (0, t]. We characterize the service mechanism in terms of the maximum number D (t) of customers that can be served during (0, t]. Our assumptions imply that A (t) and D(t) are independent Poisson processes with parameters and &µ, respectively (0 <l < ∞, 0 < µ < ∞). The traffic intensity is given by ρ = λ/µ (0 < ρ < ∞). The properties of the queue length Q(t) can be expressed in terms of the net input $$ X\left( t \right) = A\left( t \right) - D\left( t \right) $$ (1) and the minimum functional m(t) of X(t). To see this, let T 0 =0 and T (n n ≥ 1) be the epochs of successive jumps in the process D(t). From the description of the model we obtain $$ Q\left( t \right) = Q\left( {T_n } \right) + A\left( t \right) - A\left( {T_n } \right) for T_n \leqslant t < T_{n + 1} $$ (2) and $$ Q\left( {T_{n + 1} } \right) = \left[ {Q\left( {T_n } \right) + A\left( {T_{n + 1} } \right) - A\left( {T_n } \right) - 1} \right]^ + $$ (3) for n ≥ 0. These relations yield the following expression for Q(t)(t≥0).
Religious change and experimentation in Indonesian Hinduism

This paper examines change and experimentation in Agama Hindu Dharma, a form of Hinduism which has adapted to the modern Muslim influence in Indonesia by emphasizing a monotheistic deity unique to the country and an ethical system and prayer rituals with many similarities to Muslim practices. This is a new form of Hinduism developed by scholars, psychologists and priests. The paper analyzes changes in ritual, the arts, and theology. It also focuses on the major locale for modernization, the religion curriculum used in public education. It is a study of religion as lived, with experimentation that has been adopted into state policy.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR A BRAIDED RIVER SYSTEM

The aim of this study is to construct a modeling system that will assist flood risk management strategies in a coastal plain braided river system. The model configuration consists of a hydrodynamic model (ADCIRC) of the river basin that receives tidal forcing at the open boundary and river discharge forcing at upstream flux boundary. An unstructured mesh model resolving the Pearl River channels at higher resolution from the coastline to approximately 75km inland to upstream reaches of the river has been constructed. The modeling system produces water levels and currents throughout the Lower Pearl River Basin. Initial sensitivity analysis efforts on the channel model include consideration of low-flow, average-flow, and high-flow scenarios. Model results were found to be slightly sensitive to slope of river channels and bottom friction to control stability in predictions. The model results were shown to be highly sensitive to the bathymetry of the model that controls the discharge capacity of the narrow river channels and the channel model resulted in elevated currents and water levels under high flow conditions. A channel discharge capacity analysis was conducted and the results showed the need to construct a floodplain mesh around the channel model with more realistic bathymetry and topography so that the flooding scenarios could be modeled with wetting and drying capability of ADCIRC. An initial attempt to develop such a floodplain mesh has been made with preliminary results and more comprehensive validation of the developed floodplain modeling system will extend to reproducing events associated with the historical Hurricane Isaac that impacted the region in 2012. This modeling system will provide an important tool to decision makers that could be used in future flood risk management and mitigation efforts.