cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HUMOR, LAW, AND JURISPRUDENCE: on deleuze's political philosophy

AbstractDramatization and comedy are recurring themes in Deleuze's work in the 1960′s and, from his book on Nietzsche in 1962 through The Logic of Sense in 1969, remarks on humor and comedy are closely bound to ethical and political concerns. In Nietzsche and Philosophy, he speaks of the “true” and “false” senses of the tragic in order to frame his interpretation of Nietzsche as a whole, but the distinction acquires its immediate importance from its bearing on the question, “what is justice?” In 1967, in Coldness and Cruelty, he describes legal critique as possible only in terms of irony and comedy. And, in 1969, in The Logic of Sense, the series on humor is followed and explicated by the series “On the Moral Problem in Stoic Philosophy.” This final discussion makes clear what binds these disparate discussions together: comedy is a mode of dramatization that facilitates a morally relevant experience that does not necessarily or immediately engender an act of judgment. For Deleuze, comedy is a demonstratio...
Beneath and beyond the "formulations on the two principles of mental functioning": Freud and Jung.

(2004). Beneath and Beyond the “Formulations on the Two Principles of Mental Functioning”. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 240-257.
A Checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Vietnam, with Some Taxonomic Remarks

This paper provides the first checklist of Cicadidae (Hemiptera) from Vietnam, comprising 111 species belonging to 36 genera. In addition, the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Aola Distant, 1905 syn. nov. is synonymized with Haphsa Distant, 1905; Cicada orientalis (Distant, 1912) is transferred to Pomponia Stal, 1866 to become Pomponia orientalis (Distant, 1912) comb. nov.; Pomponia scitula Distant, 1888 and Aola bindusara (Distant, 1881) are transferred to Haphsa Distant, 1905 to become Haphsa scitula (Distant, 1888) comb. nov. and Haphsa bindusara (Distant, 1881) comb. nov.; Platylomia divergens (Distant, 1917), Platylomia assamensis Distant, 1905, Platylomia diana Distant, 1905, Platylomia saturata (Walker, 1858) and Platylomia pieli Kato, 1938 are transferred to Macrosemia Kato, 1925 to become Macrosemia divergens (Distant, 1917) comb. nov., Macrosemia assamensis (Distant, 1905) comb. nov., Macrosemia diana (Distant, 1905) comb. nov., Macrosemia saturata (Walker, 1858) comb. nov. and Macrosemia pieli (Kato, 1938) comb. nov.; Cryptotympana corvus (Walker, 1850) is removed from the Vietnamese fauna because this record is thought to have been based on a misidentification. Taxonomic remarks and information on geographic distributions are also provided.
Retaining talent at academic medical centers

Background: Faculty turnover is a major problem at academic medical institutions. A minority of medical school graduates choose academic careers and those that do have a high rate of attrition. Methods: We conducted an in-depth review of the medical and business literature to determine high-frequency reasons for faculty attrition, and explored what strategies have been suggested or employed to reduce this trend. Results: Medical and business literature demonstrate that faculty morale, perceptions of work-life balance, support from the institution, faculty development, rewards, protected time, relationship with superiors, and role clarity all play a role in faculty decisions to leave an institution. Institutions have shown some success in reducing attrition through recruiting to retain, formal mentorship programs, novel reward programs tied to longevity, faculty development, and attention to faculty professional and personal goals. Conclusions: Academic medical centers should conduct retention analyses to determine commonly cited reasons for attrition at the global and departmental level. Measures to improve retention can be taken at every step of the recruitment, training, and seasoned employee level. Retention efforts are guided and enhanced by open and frequent communication between faculty and administration. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Professionalism, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice, Interpersonal skills and communication
Ultrasound Guidance in Interventional Pain Medicine

Ultrasound has experienced explosive growth in popularity for advanced imaging in interventional pain management and has many distinct advantages over surface-based landmark injection techniques as well as fluoroscopy. Ultrasound benefits from real-time needle imaging and is valuable in avoiding sensitive soft tissue structures such as nerves, vascular structures, and viscous which are not visualized with fluoroscopy. The lack of ionizing radiation exposures makes it more popular for both diagnostic and therapeutic image-guided pain injections. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the use of ultrasound in interventional pain management.
Pattern sampling for etch model calibration

Successful patterning requires good control of the photolithography and etch processes. While compact litho models, mainly based on rigorous physics, can predict very well the contours printed in photoresist, pure empirical etch models are less accurate and more unstable. Compact etch models are based on geometrical kernels to compute the litho-etch biases that measure the distance between litho and etch contours. The definition of the kernels as well as the choice of calibration patterns is critical to get a robust etch model. This work proposes to define a set of independent and anisotropic etch kernels –“internal, external, curvature, Gaussian, z_profile” – designed to capture the finest details of the resist contours and represent precisely any etch bias. By evaluating the etch kernels on various structures it is possible to map their etch signatures in a multi-dimensional space and analyze them to find an optimal sampling of structures to train an etch model. The method was specifically applied to a contact layer containing many different geometries and was used to successfully select appropriate calibration structures. The proposed kernels evaluated on these structures were combined to train an etch model significantly better than the standard one. We also illustrate the usage of the specific kernel “z_profile” which adds a third dimension to the description of the resist profile.
Obesity and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Disparities, Controversies, and Biology

Once considered a problem of Western nations, obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) has rapidly increased since the 1970s to become a major threat to world health. Since 1970, the face of obesity has changed from a disease of affluence and abundance to a disease of poverty. During the last 10 years, studies have mechanistically linked obesity and an obese tumor microenvironment with signaling pathways that predict aggressive breast cancer biology. For example, in the United States, African American women are more likely than non-Hispanic European American women to be obese and to be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In 2008, the Carolina Breast Study found that obesity (increased waist/hip ratio) was linked to an increased incidence of TNBC in premenopausal and postmenopausal African American women. Subsequently, several groups have investigated the potential link between obesity and TNBC in African American women. To date, the data are complex and sometimes contradictory. We review epidemiologic studies that investigated the potential association among obesity, metabolic syndrome, and TNBC in African American women and mechanistic studies that link insulin signaling to the obese breast microenvironment, tissue inflammation, and aggressive TNBC biology.
CHC Theory of Intelligence

This chapter describes the history and development of the Cattell, Horn, Carroll theory currently used to define intelligence and as a foundation for many popular cognitive assessment tools.
Germline Testing for Predisposition to Ovarian/Breast Cancer Should be Routinely Recommended in all Patients with Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Given the marked prevalence of germline mutations among women with ovarian cancer, we recommend universal BRCA genetic screening, regardless of patient age or family history.
Entangled Worlds: Ga-Danish Families in the Atlantic Slave Trade

As Bailyn (2005) and Holsey (2008) have argued, there is a silence surrounding the history of the Atlantic slave trade in Ghana, which is produced by the fact that descending from both slaves and from slave traders are uncomfortable identity positions. I this paper, which is drawn from my larger book-project on Ga-Danish marriages during the slave trade (under review with Pennsylvania University Press), I suggest that we complicate and enrich our understanding of the slave trade - and the often categorical distinction between victims and perpetrators - by focusing on how slave trading families in Accra (Osu) lived in and negotiated the trade. Focusing on the generation when the Danish slave trade was officially abolished in 1803, I argue that at that moment there were strong familial ties linking Osu to Copenhagen that had developed over the course of a century of inter-marriage between Ga women and Danish men. I propose that these Atlantic slave trading families require that we acknowledge how historical actors are full human beings who rarely fit into neat categories of good and evil, and that this is a complicated and productive place to start a conversation about victims and perpetrators in the slave trade.
Protestant Political Theology: Beyond the “Two Kingdoms” and the “Two Regiments”

We must divide the children of Adam and all men into two parts, the first belonging to the kingdom of God, and the second to the kingdom of the world. Those who belong to the kingdom of God are all true believers in Christ, and are subject to Christ. For Christ is the King and Lord in the kingdom of God…. All who are not Christians belong to the kingdom of the world and are subject to the law. The world and the masses are and always will be unchristian, although they are all baptized and are nominally Christian…. It is out of the question that there should be a common Christian government over the whole world, nay even over one land or company of people, since the wicked always outnumber the good. —Martin Luther, On Secular Authority
Modeling of Pesticides in the Aqueous Environment

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has recently proposed water quality criteria for pesticides which are much stricter than any that have been applied before. For example, the U.S. EPA has proposed that the recommended maximum limit in whole (unfiltered) water for DDT be 0.002 ug/l. The recommendation for parathion and toxaphene are 0.004 ug/1 and 0.01 ug/l, respectively. They have also recommended that general standard of 0.001 × 96 hr LC50, where 0.01 is the application factor which relates acute to chronic toxicity.
Exploiting label dependency for hierarchical multi-label classification

Hierarchical multi-label classification is a variant of traditional classification in which the instances can belong to several labels, that are in turn organized in a hierarchy. Existing hierarchical multi-label classification algorithms ignore possible correlations between the labels. Moreover, most of the current methods predict instance labels in a "flat" fashion without employing the ontological structures among the classes. In this paper, we propose HiBLADE (Hierarchical multi-label Boosting with LAbel DEpendency), a novel algorithm that takes advantage of not only the pre-established hierarchical taxonomy of the classes, but also effectively exploits the hidden correlation among the classes that is not shown through the class hierarchy, thereby improving the quality of the predictions. According to our approach, first, the pre-defined hierarchical taxonomy of the labels is used to decide upon the training set for each classifier. Second, the dependencies of the children for each label in the hierarchy are captured and analyzed using Bayes method and instance-based similarity. Our experimental results on several real-world biomolecular datasets show that the proposed method can improve the performance of hierarchical multi-label classification.
Environmental risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infections and the impact of latent infections on allostatic load in residents of Central North Carolina.

Toxoplasma gondii infection can be acquired through ingestion of infectious tissue cysts in undercooked meat or environmental oocysts excreted by cats. This cross-sectional study assessed environmental risk factors for T. gondii infections and an association between latent infections and a measure of physiologic dysregulation known as allostatic load. Serum samples from 206 adults in the Durham-Chapel Hill, North Carolina area were tested for immunoglobulin (IgG) responses to T. gondii using commercial ELISA kits. Allostatic load was estimated as a sum of 15 serum biomarkers of metabolic, neuroendocrine and immune functions dichotomized at distribution-based cutoffs. Vegetated land cover within 500 m of residences was estimated using 1 m resolution data from US EPA’s EnviroAtlas. Handling soil with bare hands at least weekly and currently owning a cat were associated with 5.3 (95% confidence limits 1.4; 20.7) and 10.0 (2.0; 50.6) adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of T. gondii seropositivity, respectively. There was also a significant positive interaction effect of handling soil and owning cats on seropositivity. An interquartile range increase in weighted mean vegetated land cover within 500 m of residence was associated with 3.7 (1.5; 9.1) aOR of T. gondii seropositivity. Greater age and consumption of undercooked pork were other significant predictors of seropositivity. In turn, T. gondii seropositivity was associated with 61% (13%; 130%) greater adjusted mean allostatic load compared to seronegative individuals. In contrast, greater vegetated land cover around residence was associated with significantly reduced allostatic load in both seronegative (p < 0.0001) and seropositive (p = 0.004) individuals. Residents of greener areas may be at a higher risk of acquiring T. gondii infections through inadvertent ingestion of soil contaminated with cat feces. T. gondii infections may partially offset health benefits of exposure to the natural living environment.
Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Prosthetic Infection After Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Sarcopenia, an age-related loss of muscle mass and function, has been previously linked to an increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and infection after a variety of surgical procedures. This study is the first to evaluate the impact of the psoas-lumbar vertebral index (PLVI), a validated marker for central sarcopenia, on determining post-arthroplasty infection status. Methods This is a case-control, retrospective review of 30 patients with prosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosed by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria compared to 69 control patients who underwent a total hip or knee arthroplasty. All patients had a recent computed tomography scan of the abdomen/pelvis to calculate the PLVI. PLVI was evaluated alongside age, gender, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and smoking status to determine the predictive value for infection. Results Notably, the infected group had a large, significant difference in their average PLVI (0.736 vs 0.963, P Conclusion PLVI, a marker for central sarcopenia, was demonstrated to be a risk factor for PJI. Further research and consideration of sarcopenia as a screening and optimizable risk factor for total joint arthroplasty must be explored.
Criminal Process as Mutual Accountability: Mass Incarceration, Carcerality, and Abolition

Elsewhere, Stephen Darwall has argued for a mutual accountability framework of law and gestured toward a mutual accountability framework of punishment. Little was said, however, regarding what the latter conception of punishment would require, structurally and functionally. Here Stephen and William Darwall address these matters in the specific context of contemporary American policing and penal institutions. From historical and empirical work on the American carceral regime, they argue, first, that its institutions fail to meet accountability conditions necessary for their legitimacy. Second, they argue that these institutions are responsible for producing social dynamics that undermine the possibility of mutual accountability in general. They conclude that American carceral institutions lack the authority they purport to have to make and enforce the criminal law, and thus that any effort, theoretical or practical, to realize justice in the domain of criminal process, requires an abolitionist framework.
MRI-based pseudo CT generation using classification and regression random forest

We propose a method to generate patient-specific pseudo CT (pCT) from routinely-acquired MRI based on semantic information-based random forest and auto-context refinement. Auto-context model with patch-based anatomical features are integrated into classification forest to generate and improve semantic information. The concatenate of semantic information with anatomical features are then used to train a series of regression forests based on auto-context model. The pCT of new arrival MRI is generated by extracting anatomical features and feeding them into the well-trained classification and regression forests for pCT prediction. This proposed algorithm was evaluated using 11 patients’ data with brain MR and CT images. The mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and normalized cross correlation (NCC) are 57.45±8.45 HU, 28.33±1.68 dB, and 0.97±0.01. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for air, soft-tissue and bone are 97.79±0.76%, 93.32±2.35% and 84.49±5.50%, respectively. We have developed a novel machine-learning-based method to generate patient-specific pCT from routine anatomical MRI for MRI-only radiotherapy treatment planning. This pseudo CT generation technique could be a useful tool for MRI-based radiation treatment planning and MRI-based PET attenuation correction of PET/MRI scanner.
Slotted Aloha-NOMA with MIMO Beamforming for Massive M2M Communication in IoT Networks

This paper proposes an uncoordinated random medium access protocol for Internet of Thing (IoT) networks incorporating conventional slotted Aloha (SA) with power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) and multiple-input multiple-output beamforming (MIMO BF). The number of active IoT devices, which is not known a priori, is detected at the IoT gateway via multiple hypothesis testing. The proposed protocol referred to as BF-SA-NOMA is not only scalable and compatible with the power-limited IoT devices, but it also uses beamforming to significantly improve the throughput to 1.31 compared with 0.36 in conventional slotted Aloha when 6 active IoT devices can be successfully separated using $2\times 2$ MIMO and a SIC (Successive Interference Cancellation) receiver with 3 optimum power levels. The simulation results further show that the proposed protocol achieves higher throughput than Aloha-NOMA with a lower average channel access delay.
MON-570 Clinical Utility of ThyroSeq v3 Genomic Classifier Test in Detecting Gene Fusions in Thyroid Nodules

Background: Chromosomal rearrangements leading to gene fusions are a known molecular mechanism of thyroid cancer. ThyroSeq Genomic Classifier (GC) allows detecting most of the known fusion types preoperatively by analyzing thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples collected from thyroid nodules, but it also facilitates discovery of novel fusion types. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and types of known and novel fusions detected in thyroid nodules during routing clinical testing and establish histopathologic and clinical correlations. Design: Overall, 6,800 consecutive thyroid nodules were tested by a targeted next-generation sequencing assay (ThyroSeq v3 GC) using material collected by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). In addition, 17 surgically removed tumors were tested for confirmation of fusion subtype. Surgical pathology and clinical follow-up was obtained when available. Immunohistochemistry was performed on selected cases. Results: Gene fusions were identified in 318 (4.68%) of consecutively tested thyroid nodules. The most common fusion type was THADA/IGF2BP3 detected in 121 (38%) cases, followed by RET/PTC in 52 (16%), NTRK3 in 47 (15%), and PPARG in 47 (15%). Other fusions were found at lower prevalence, including BRAF in 14 (4%), ALK in 9 (3%), THADA/TRA2A in 8 (3%), and NTRK1 in 8 (3%) cases. In addition, 12 (4%) of nodules had rare and novel fusions, including PAX8/GLIS fusions. Presence of PAX8/GLIS fusions was confirmed in resected tumor samples. Surgical pathology information was collected on 49 (16%) positive cases and is ongoing. RET/PTC, NTRK3, NTRK1, and ALK fusions were all diagnosed as classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) or follicular variant of PTC. All 3 ALK-positive PTC and 5 THADA/IGF2BP3 NIFTP showed strong and diffuse immunoreactivity with ALK and IMP3 antibodies, respectively. THADA/IGF2BP3 was found in noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) (50%), PTC (40%) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) (10%). PPARG fusions were found in FTC (25%), Hurthle cell carcinoma (25%), PTC (25%) and follicular adenomas (25%). One BRAF fusion (SND1/BRAF) was found in follicular adenoma and all other nodules were PTC. All PAX8/GLIS fusions were characteristic of hyalinizing trabecular tumors. Conclusions: ThyroSeq GC detected gene fusions in approximately 5% of thyroid nodules that underwent FNA. ThyroSeq overall correct call rate for fusions was 94.1%, with variation between specific fusion types. Preoperative detection of fusions in FNA samples assists with diagnosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer and informs patient management.
Cognitive Assessment of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis in the Arab World: a Systematic Review

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is on the rise globally, and recent epidemiological studies have observed increased rates in the Arab world (i.e., countries of North Africa and the Middle East where Arabic is the primary language). However, assessment of cognitive impairment and its relevant covariates (e.g., fatigue and depressive symptomatology) in the Arab world has not been rigorously reviewed. Thus, the objective of the present study was to systematically review the current use of cognitive assessment measures in observational and interventional studies of individuals with MS in the Arab world. A systematic review of studies that assessed cognitive function in adults with MS in the Arab world was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Embase, WHO Global Index Medicus, and Ovid Global Health. Studies that featured at least one objective cognitive measure were included. Eligible studies were reviewed for bias and study quality using the QUADAS-2 and NIH QAT. Study characteristics and finding were extracted by two independent reviewers, with results confirmed by a third reviewer. A total of 13 (N = 846) studies met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias and included measures varied across studies. Results demonstrated inconsistent availability and use of MS cognitive assessment tools across the Arab world. An Arabic version of the BICAMS was the only cognitive battery that was evaluated with regard to psychometric properties. The most common individual test include in reviewed studies was the SDMT. However, validation studies are still needed for this and a number of other measures. Other measures are still in the early stages of translation and cultural-linguistic norming. This review of cognitive assessment of individuals with MS in the Arab world was limited by variable study quality and measure selection. The present review provides a summary of the tests most commonly used in this region and recommendations for future investigation.
Message Pretesting Using Perceived Persuasiveness Measures: Reconsidering the Correlational Evidence

Perceived message effectiveness (PME) measures have been used in persuasive message pretesting to diagnose differences between messages in actual message effectiveness (AME). This practice has been...
Pés vivos in "El queso del quechua" by Glauco Mattoso

This paper approaches "El queso del quechua," the Spanish-language translation of Brazilian writer Glauco Mattoso’s short story "O quitute do quichua," on the basis of certain central concepts: fetishism, anthropophagy, blindness, coprophagy, and sadomasochist entelechy. It intends to analyze the book itself, released by an Argentine cartonera publishing house, as an object, as well as the story contained within it. Cecilia Palmeiro translated the work, having already published research on the relationship between Mattoso’s work and the consumption of waste. This paper explores the relation between the academy and the cultural field, as well as the presence of a living, acting, mutable, and performative element in Mattoso’s literature.
Sentaurus Simulation of Monolithic Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage

The integration of multiple solar cells in series in a single wafer increases the output voltage, and reduces the output current. With this new concept we can power small appliances with a single wafer, and if these solar cells are integrated in a larger module the series resistance losses are mitigated. To isolate the individual cells, we space them apart in the wafer. The challenge is to optimize the spacing between cells to balance the short-circuit losses with leakages (narrow spacing). Increasing the surface recombination in the intercell region reduces the effect of leakage current, reducing the spacing between cell leading to higher current. Although initially simulations of monolithic solar cell only have less than 15% of efficiency, the new design can improve the efficiency to over 20%. The new design increased the leakage resistance between the parallel cells which decreased the leakage current to less than 10% of the original value and increase the FF from 58.9% to 79.8%.
Aerococcus urinae: A Rare Cause of Endocarditis Presenting With Acute Stroke

Aerococcus urinae is a rare organism infrequently isolated from cultures. Mostly known to cause urinary tract infection, it can cause bacteremia leading to severe urosepsis and infective endocarditis. Embolization is frequently reported with Aerococcus urinae endocarditis (AUE); hence, the presentation is highly variable. Sequelae such as various central nervous system manifestations, sepsis, valvular regurgitation with heart failure and even coronary artery involvement have been reported. We report a case of a 58-year-old man with AUE of the aortic valve, severe aortic regurgitation and embolic stroke as a result of embolization from AUE and ultimately required aortic valve replacement. Our case highlights this rare cause of endocarditis and offers insight into the variability of patient presentation and risk factors to consider.
Demand curve analysis of marijuana use among persons living with HIV

Abstract Background Despite medicalization and legalization of marijuana use, factors influencing demand for marijuana among persons living with HIV (PLWH) are incompletely understood. This knowledge gap undermines effective clinical management and policies. This study used demand curve simulation methods to address these issues. Methods Marijuana-using PLWH (N = 119) completed experimental tasks to simulate amount of marijuana purchasing/use across different costs (money or time), and likelihood of reselling marijuana or marijuana therapeutic-use registration card in relation to profits. Additional simulations assessed purchasing of marijuana relative to other drug and non-drug goods. Results Simulated marijuana use decreased as money and time costs increased. Consumption was greater for participants with more severe Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) and anxiety, intermediate pain levels, and past 90-day opioid use. Whereas few participants chose to sell their registration card, marijuana resale (diversion) steeply increased with profit. Likelihood of seeking marijuana therapeutic-use certification decreased in relation to registration card money cost, having to visit more physicians to get a signature, and delay to receiving the card, and increased with duration of certification. Participants who reported recent opioid use were more likely to seek certification. Consumption of several commodities assessed was independent of marijuana. Conclusions Simulated marijuana use was related to participants’ clinical profile (CUD, anxiety and pain symptoms, recent opioid use), and unrelated to purchasing other goods. Likelihood of seeking marijuana therapeutic-use registration was affected by several types of costs and recent opioid use. Participants were unlikely to divert registration cards. We discuss clinical and policy implications of these findings.
High-Throughput and Low-Cost Genotyping Method for Plant Genome Editing

Genome editing technologies have revolutionized genetic studies in the life sciences community in recent years. The application of these technologies allows researchers to conveniently generate mutations in almost any gene of interest. This is very useful for species such as maize that have complex genomes and lack comprehensive mutant collections. With the improvement of genome editing tools and transformation methods, these technologies are also widely used to assist breeding research and implementation in maize. However, the detection and genotyping of genomic edits rely on low-throughput, high-cost methods, such as traditional agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. This article describes a method to barcode the target regions of genomic edits from many individuals by low-cost polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. It also employs next-generation sequencing (NGS) to genotype the genome-edited plants at high throughput and low cost. This protocol can be used for initial screening of genomic edits as well as derived population genotyping on a small or large scale, at high efficiency and low cost. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: A fast genomic DNA preparation method from genome edited plants Basic Protocol 2: Barcoding the amplicons of edited regions from each individual by two rounds of PCR Basic Protocol 3: Bioinformatics analysis.
Show, Don't Tell: Multimodal Story Feedback in a K–1 Play-Based Writing Unit:

BackgroundWith standardization ever squeezing creative curricula in K–1 classrooms, creating time for a play-based multimodal writing curriculum that leverages children's strengths as storytellers ...
A 3D flow separation model for open propellers with blunt trailing edge

Abstract The panel method is widely used in the design and analysis of marine propellers. However, this method cannot handle propellers with a blunt trailing edge due to a lack of proper models for the flow separation downstream. In this study, a numerical scheme, i.e., the three-dimensional flow separation model, is proposed to enable the panel method to be applied to propellers with a blunt trailing edge. In this model, the flow separation zone is represented as an extension of the trailing edge. The criteria of zero local lifts and zero local moments over the extension of all blade sections are used to establish the equations that determine the shape of the flow separation zone. Those equations are solved either by the Newton–Raphson method or as an optimization problem. A low-order panel method coupled with a boundary layer solver (the viscous/inviscid interaction method) is used to predict the pressure distributions and forces for the extended geometry. To validate this model, the pressure distributions of the propeller blade are compared with those from solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The predicted open water characteristics of a controllable pitch propeller are compared with the experimental measurements at a wide range of advance ratios with different pitches. This model requires much less computational effort while preserving high accuracy, and thus can be used reliably in designing and analyzing propellers with a blunt trailing edge.
Labor unions and health: A literature review of pathways and outcomes in the workplace

Extensive economic research demonstrates correlations between unions with wages, income inequality, health insurance, discrimination, and other factors. Corresponding epidemiologic literature demonstrates correlations between income, income inequality, insurance, discrimination, and other factors with health. The first purpose of this narrative review is to link these literatures and identify 28 possible pathways whereby labor unions might affect the health of workers. This review is restricted to effects within workplaces; we do not consider unions' political activities. This review covers studies from the US, Europe, and Canada from 1980 through April 1, 2021. Pathways are grouped within five domains informed by the CDC 5-domain model of social determinants of health and the traditional 3-domain model of occupational medicine. Linked pathways include wages, inequality, excessive overtime, job satisfaction, employer-provided health insurance (EPHI), and discrimination. Second, we identify studies analyzing correlations between unions directly with health outcomes that do not require links. Outcomes include occupational injuries, sickness absence, and drug overdose deaths. Third, we offer judgments on the strength of pathways and outcomes --- labeled "consensus," "likely," "disputed" or "unknown" --- based on literature summaries. In our view, whereas there are four "consensus" pathways and outcomes and 16 "likely" pathways and outcomes for unions improving health, there are no "consensus" or "likely" pathways for harming health. The strongest "consensus" pathways and outcomes with salubrious associations include EPHI, OSHA inspections, dangerous working conditions, and injury deaths. Fourth, we identify research gaps and suggest methods for future studies. Unions are an underappreciated social determinant of health.
Knowledge from Falsehood, Ignorance of Necessary Truths, and Safety

According to the safety account of knowledge, one knows that p only if one’s belief could not easily have been false. An important issue for the account is whether we should only examine the target belief when evaluating whether a belief is safe or not. In this paper, it is argued that, if we should only examine the target belief, then the account fails to account for ignorance of necessary truths. But, if we should also examine beliefs in other relevant propositions, then the account fails to account for knowledge from falsehood. Therefore, the safety account of knowledge is undermined by knowledge from falsehood and ignorance of necessary truths.
SCALE MODEL OF URBAN RUNOFF FROM STORM RAINFALL

THE RESPONSE OF A SMALL URBAN WATERSHED TO FOUR STORMS IS GENERATED IN THE LABORATORY BY A SCALE MODEL CONSISTING OF A PROGRAMMED RAINFALL GENERATOR, VERTICALLY-DISTORTED SCALED TOPOGRAPHY, AND A WEIGHING DEVICE FOR RECORDING THE CUMULATIVE RUNOFF. COMPARISON OF THESE RESULTS WITH PROTOTYPE MEASUREMENTS THROUGH USE OF DERIVED SCALING LAWS SHOWS REASONABLE AGREEMENT. /ASCE/
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Provides Evidence of Possible Axonal Overconnectivity in Frontal Lobes in Autism Spectrum Disorder Toddlers

Abstract Background Theories of brain abnormality in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on underconnectivity as an explanation for social, language, and behavioral deficits but are based mainly on studies of older autistic children and adults. Methods In 94 ASD and typical toddlers ages 1 to 4 years, we examined the microstructure (indexed by fractional anisotropy) and volume of axon pathways using in vivo diffusion tensor imaging of fronto-frontal, fronto-temporal, fronto-striatal, and fronto-amygdala axon pathways, as well as posterior contrast tracts. Differences between ASD and typical toddlers in the nature of the relationship of age to these measures were tested. Results Frontal tracts in ASD toddlers displayed abnormal age-related changes with greater fractional anisotropy and volume than normal at younger ages but an overall slower than typical apparent rate of continued development across the span of years. Posterior cortical contrast tracts had few significant abnormalities. Conclusions Frontal fiber tracts displayed deviant early development and age-related changes that could underlie impaired brain functioning and impact social and communication behaviors in ASD.
Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes

On the basis of their unique electrical and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great attention in recent years. A diverse array of methods has been developed to modify CNTs and to assemble them into devices. On the basis of these innovations, many applications that include the use of CNTs have been demonstrated. Transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and CNT-based electronic components such as field-effect transistors (FETs) have been demonstrated. Furthermore, CNTs have been employed in catalysis and sensing as well as filters and mechanical and biomedical applications. This review highlights illustrative examples from these areas to give an overview of applications of CNTs.
Abstract 701:In vivoanti-metastatic effects of uPAR retargeted oncolytic measles virus

The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is a clinically relevant target for novel biological therapies. Here, we investigated the antimetastatic effects of oncolytic measles virus retargeting uPAR (MV-uPA) in breast cancer metastases models. Species specificities of recombinant viruses retargeted against human (MV-h-uPA) or mouse uPA (MV-m-uPA) were demonstrated in vitro in human and murine breast cancer cell lines. MV-h-uPA and MV-m-uPA induced in vitro cytotoxicity and replicated in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231, MDA-MB436 and MCF-7) and murine mammary cancer cells (4T1), respectively. A syngeneic model of mammary cancer metastases was established by intravenous injection of 4T1 cells (5x10e4 per mouse) expressing highly efficient firefly luciferase into immunocompetent BALB/C mice. Seven days after tumor cell inoculation, MV-m-uPA or vehicle was administered into tumor-bearing mice via the tail vein (virus dose: 1×10e6 TCID50 per injection, three injections, every other day). Metastases progression was assessed by bioluminescence analysis. In this highly aggressive syngeneic model, MV-m-uPA treatment was associated with delay in metastases progression and improvement in survival, compared to controls. These effects were associated with detection of viable viral particles from lungs of mice treated with MV-m-uPA, as well as detection of MV-N staining in lung samples in tumor bearing treated mice. Finally, we validated the above effects in a model of human breast cancer metastases. This model was established by injection of 1×10e6 MDA-MB231-luc2 cells via tail vein into female nude mice. Ten days after tumor cell injection, mice were treated with three IV injections (every other day) of PBS or MV-h-uPA (1×10e6 TCID50). Metastases progression (by bioluminescence evaluation) was markedly inhibited in treated mice, compared to controls, resulting in improvement in survival. In conclusion, systemic administration of MV-uPA is effective in the treatment of breast cancer metastases in immune-competent and immune-deficient model, suggesting that measles virus mediated virotherapy may present a novel and promising strategy for treatment against metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: Yuqi Jing, Julia Zaias, Jaime Merchan. In vivo anti-metastatic effects of uPAR retargeted oncolytic measles virus. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 701. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-701
Tasting Technology: Changing Households, Cooking, and Labor at the Office Du Niger (Mali), c. 1935-1968

Beginning in the 1930s, thousands of women migrated with their families, most often by force, to the irrigated agricultural scheme called the Office du Niger (Office) in the French Soudan (Mali). The hallmark of the project was a large dam and irrigation infrastructure for the cultivation of cotton and rice for export. At the Office, women integrated a radically new agricultural landscape into food production. Their daily food labors were all the more important because of frequent food shortages. In re-engineering how to cook, young women adopted metal cooking pots. This modest technology helped them to manage their labor time and improve the household diet. Food tasted different when it was cooked in a metal pot, but the young women insisted that they prepared the same meals. As an object of study, food preparation and consumption has been perceived by some scholars to be an area of social stability, even conservatism. Yet, these young women continued to cook in metal pots despite complaints from men about taste and critiques from senior women about labor technique and time. Ultimately, the young women who adopted metal cooking pots reshaped household labor regimes at the Office and local taste.
Metrics for software risk management

We propose two risk management metrics: one deals with the stability of requirements throughout the phases of software development; and the second metric deals with the incremental validation of requirements as the project progresses from phase to phase.
Case report 208

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of an eosinophilic granuloma of right pedicle of an 8 1/2-year-old male child are discussed. Roentgenograms, a tomogram and histological studies are presented.
Homeless Alcohol/Other Drug Abusers

Abstract This was a study of crime among 188 homeless persons who were in a Veterans' Affairs Medical Center program for homeless alcohol and other drug abusers. The purpose of the study was to find out: (a) what proportion of these homeless veterans committed felonies, and (b) what factors discriminate between non-offenders, nuisance offenders, and felony offenders. Data indicated 27 percent committed nuisance offenses, and 41 percent had committed felonies in the past year. Personal strengths and accomplishments discriminate between non-offenders and offenders. Self-esteem and social relations and support discriminate between felony offenders and other homeless. Treatment implications of these findings are discussed.
Oxaluric Acid: a Non-Metabolizable Inducer of the Allantoin Degradative Enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae degrades allantoin in five steps to ammonia, CO2, and glyoxylate. Previously we demonstrated that allophanic acid, the last intermediate of the pathway, was required for induction of all five degradative enzymes. The data presented here indicate that oxaluric acid, an allophanate analogue, is capable of serving as a non-metabolizable inducer. Oxaluric acid brings about a high level of induction even in strains lacking urea carboxylase. Induction observed with parabanic acid was found to result from its spontaneous breakdown to oxaluric acid.
Strader v. Graham: Kentucky's Contribution to National Slavery Litigation the the Dred Scott Decision

In 1841, three Kentucky slaves in Louisville boarded a steamboat bound for Cincinnati. Within days, they had made their way to Detroit and then to permanent freedom in Canada. Their owner, a prominent central Kentucky businessman, soon tracked them down and tried to lure them back to bondage in the United States. When these efforts failed, he sued the steamboat owners for the value of the lost slaves in a Kentucky court. After ten years of litigation, this case reached the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court’s decision in favor of the Kentucky slaveholder would prove to be an important precedent a few years later when the Court considered the freedom claim of another slave, Dred Scott, whose case would produce perhaps the most important decision ever handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court.The key issue in Dred Scott - how, if at all, a Negro slave could obtain his freedom by spending time on free soil - had also been considered by the Court in prior cases. This Article deals with one of these, Strader v. Graham, 51 U.S. 82 (1851), the case brought by the Kentucky businessman whose slaves escaped on the defendants’ steamboat and the only Kentucky slave case ever to reach the Supreme Court.This Article provides a detailed description of Strader, including its factual background, its reflection of Kentucky slave law in the first half of the nineteenth century, and its significance for Dred Scott and other subsequent slave-related matters. Part I provides an overview of Kentucky slave law as it evolved up to the time of the Strader litigation. Part II describes Strader’s factual background and the Kentucky court decisions it produced. Part III covers the Strader case in the U.S. Supreme Court. Part IV deals with post-Strader events, including a review of the Dred Scott case and the role that the Strader decision played in that litigation. Part V provides some concluding observations about how the Strader case reflected the role of slavery, law, and lawyers in antebellum Kentucky and what Strader and Dred Scott might teach us in the modern era.
Managing the 21st Century Reference Department: Competencies

The reference department of the 21st century has to provide services, which are constantly being shaped by the changes in the information environment and the expectations of patrons of the fast-paced era. The presence of a visionary and dynamic leader to direct and influence the behaviors and activities of the staff who must provide the reference services is an important component in the delivery of quality services. This article focuses on the competencies that the leader must possess in order to get the job done well and influence and direct the employees' abilities towards the achievement of the department's predetermined goals. Some of the core competencies considered valuable for the reference leader are identified, defined and discussed.
Advertising and Solicitation: Some Ethical Problems with the IFAC Code of Ethics

While most of the IFAC Code of Ethics provisions make a good attempt at protecting the public, the section on advertising and solicitation does just the opposite. It is blatantly self-serving and protectionist. It is anticompetitive and serves the private interests of accountants at the expense of that segment of the public that might want to use accounting services. Although the IFAC Code of Ethics contains many useful provisions that provide guidance on a number of issues, its provision relating to advertising and solicitation is blatantly anti-consumer and self-serving. Allowing such a provision to continue to exist amounts to an act discreditable to the profession. It is downright embarrassing for an accounting code of ethics to contain a provision that is so blatantly self-serving and anti-public interest. The rules on advertising and solicitation should either be repealed outright or revised to recognize the basic rights of free speech and free press. They should be consumer oriented, not self-serving and anticompetitive.
Travelling Wave Solutions in Nonlinear Diffusive and Dispersive Media 1

We investigate the presence of soliton solutions in some classes of nonlinear partial differential equations, namely generalized Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers, Korteveg-de VriesHuxley, and Korteveg-de Vries-Burgers-Huxley equations, which combine effects of diffusion, dispersion, and nonlinearity. We emphasize the chiral behavior of the travelling solutions, whose velocities are determined by the parameters that define the equation. For some appropriate choices, we show that these equations can be mapped onto equations of motion of relativistic 1 + 1 dimensional � 4 and � 6 field theories of real scalar fields. We also study systems of two coupled nonlinear equations of the types mentioned.