cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pauci Immune Glomerulonephritis;A Late Complication of COVID-19 Infection

Introduction: Coronavirus disease is a multi-organ disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2). Although acute kidney injury, collapsing glomerulopathy and thrombotic micro-angiopathy have been frequently attributed to COVID-19, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (GN) has rarely been described [1]. Here we report a case of pauci-immune GN associated with SARS-CoV-2. Case Presentation: A 53 years old female with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C (treated 6 years ago), and recent covid-19 pneumonia (3 months ago), presented with dysuria, nausea, and vomiting. She denied fever, flank pain, and hematuria. The laboratory workup showed elevated blood urea nitrogen BUN 82 mg/dl and creatinine Cr 9.8 mg/dl (baseline creatinine was 0.9 mg/dl three months ago). Urinalysis showed proteinuria >1000 mg/dl and urine protein creatinine ratio of 5.3 (normal < 0.1), concerning for glomerulonephritis. Serological evaluation for glomerular disease showed normal complements C3 and C4, normal titers of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies including p-ANCA, c-ANCA, atypical ANCA, and cryoglobulins. Screening for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C was negative. The remainder of the autoimmune workup was unremarkable including Rheumatoid factor, Anti CCP antibodies (Ab), Anti Ribo-nucleoprotein Ab, and Anti Glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Coronavirus PCR was negative and qualitative IgG was reactive. CT chest showed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and resolving ground glass opacities from prior coronavirus infection. CT abdomen and pelvis was unremarkable for obstructive uropathy. The renal biopsy showed pauci-immune focal sclerosis with 20% fibro-cellular crescents diagnostic for pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. The patient was treated for pauci-immune glomerulonephritis with pulse-dose intravenous steroids (methylprednisolone) followed by oral prednisone and rituximab. The renal functions improved dramatically (on day 15, her creatinine down-trended to 4 mg/dl from 9mg/dl on admission). She did not require intermittent hemodialysis and was discharged on day 15 with outpatient follow up. Discussion: The mechanisms of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 include renal hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, micro-thrombi, and cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 towards renal tubules and glomeruli. Due to a lack of scientific evidence related to coronavirus disease, the management of glomerulopathy is challenging. The existing literature favors the use of anti-viral therapy with immunosuppressive agents without the concern of worsening infection [2].
Rumen cannulation and utilization of a donor animal

Careful selection of a transfaunate donor animal will improve the outcome of rumen cannula placement and the longevity of the donor animal. A cannulated animal provides an easily accessible source of rumen fluid. Rumen cannulation can be done on an animal currently within the herd with minimal expense.
An energy and cost analysis of residential ground-source heat pumps in Iowa

The objective of this study was to evaluate residential ground-source heat pumps throughout the state of Iowa and use that information to develop educational opportunities for prospective ground-source heat pump owners. The ground-source heat pumps were evaluated based on performance, efficiency, and economics. The study was limited to similar homes throughout the state of Iowa, recent constructions (1997 to 2001), and vertically or horizontally configured loops. Energy audits were conducted for each home to obtain building characteristics. Using the characteristics, heating and cooling loads were estimated for each home. Utilizing the heating and cooling loads along with utility bill and weather information, performance data were calculated for each home. The energy analyses showed that cooling loads are not accurately tracked using this method as a result of occupant schedules. The heating load performance showed that there is a negligible difference between the performance of a vertical and horizontal loop system. The economic analysis evaluated the cost difference between using a ground-source heat pump and natural gas furnace. The analysis showed that a significant amount of money could be saved during the heating season when using a ground-source heat pump. It was determined that several homeowners were interested in the installation of a ground source heat pump but did not fully understand the technology. An extensive literature review was completed and an educational document was produced for homeowner’s education. Homeowners tend to be highly interested in estimating the amount of money that can be saved using a ground-source heat pump. To estimate a home’s annual savings using a ground source heat pump in comparison to other means of conditioning a home, a savings calculator was developed. The calculator was able to closely estimate most homes evaluated in this study.
Abstract 12818: KPNA4 Mediates Vitamin D-Dependent Inhibition of NF-kB Activity in Swine Epicardial Preadipocytes

Inflammatory phenotype of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) could determine the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease. However, what triggers the in ammatory response in adipose tissue remains unknown. We found that vitamin D-deficient swine administered with hypercholesterolemic diet displayed increased expression of NF-κβ target genes, including MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6, and inflammation in EAT, suggesting that vitamin D signaling negatively regulates NF-κβ activation. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin D-dependent inhibition of NF-κβ in EAT, we isolated and cultured primary preadipocytes from swine EAT. We found 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) inhibited mRNA expression of karyopherin-α4 (KPNA4), a shuttling protein critical for NF-κβ nuclear translocation. The maximum inhibitory effect of VD3 was ~70%. The reduction in the mRNA transcripts was accompanied with decreased KPNA4 protein levels. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of VD3 in EAT, preadipocytes were incubated with VD3 for 24 hrs and treated with 10ng/ml TNF-α for 20 min. TNF-α markedly increased nuclear p65 and p50 levels compared with controls. Pretreatment with VD3 resulted in a 60-65% reduction of TNF-α-induced p65 and p50 nuclear translocation. To determine a mechanistic link between vitamin D-dependent reduction of KPNA4 and suppression of NF-κβ activation, we transfected cells with KPNA4 expression vector with NF-κβ -luciferase/renilla-luciferase treated with VD3 in the presence of TNF-α. Treatment with TNF-α led to a 5-fold increase in NF-κβ luciferase activity normalized to renilla-luciferase activity, which was reduced by about 60% with VD3 treatment. Co-transfection with KPNA4 expression vector, which rescued the reduced KPNA4 shuttle number, significantly decreased VD3-dependent inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κβ activation, suggesting that KPNA4 is a target responsible for vitamin D-mediated suppression of NF-κβ activation in preadipocytes. These findings provide novel insights into the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin D signaling in EAT and help to explore the potential utility of vitamin D supplementation for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
NAFTA and the Food and Agricultural Industries

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) took effect on January 1, 1994. Ethical controversies arising fromNAFTA policies, rules, and procedures reflect its character as more than a regional trade agreement designed to lower barriers to trade across US, Canadian, and Mexican borders. It offers far-reaching guarantees to the rights of foreign investors across NAFTA member state borders, including rigorous protection of intellectual property rights – exceedingWorld Trade Organization (WTO) standards. In particular, NAFTA prohibitions and sanctions against a variety of “nontariff barriers” have raised ethical concerns about a threat to national sovereignty and democratic control in promulgating and enforcing domestic health and environmental regulations, including food safety standards. Ethical concerns raised by NAFTA may best be framed as a failure of “moral imagination,” which Patricia Werhane (1999) defines as “the ability to perceive that a web of competing economic relationships is, at the same time a web of moral relationships” (p. 5). From this absence of moral imagination arises the all too common phenomenon of “moral amnesia,” which Werhane defines as “an inability to remember or learn from one’s own and others’ past mistakes and to transfer that knowledge when fresh challenges arise” (p. 7). As a consequence, “mental maps” or “cognitive scripts” that shape business decisions within the narrow confines of economic “rationality” tend to prompt a “setting aside of moral considerations in the pace of business activities” (p. 11).
A practical guide for the stabilization of acylghrelin in human blood collections

Summary Objective and methods To better understand acylghrelin plasma stability, human synthetic acylghrelin was spiked into plasma and tracked by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To investigate the best method for quantifying clinical plasma acylghrelin levels, pre- and postprandial human blood was collected from healthy volunteers (n = 6) using various sample collections and treatments. Plasma ghrelin levels from human blood collections were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results Acylghrelin’s half-life in plasma was approximately 45 min with the formation of des-acylghrelin approaching 50% before the end of the 60-min incubation. Loss of acylghrelin inversely correlated with an increase in des-acylghrelin (P < 0·008; r2 = 0·870). Plasma pretreated with 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) or protease inhibitor cocktail without acidification resulted in no detectible acylghrelin losses. Acylghrelin measurements with AEBSF-treated blood were minimally 40% higher than sodium citrate/citric acid, K2 EDTA, aprotinin/HCl and P800 collections. HCl addition to AEBSF-treated plasma did not provide enhanced acylghrelin stability and induced deacylation at and above the 100 mm final concentration. Pre- and postprandial ghrelin attenuation was investigated using aprotinin/HCl, AEBSF, protease inhibitor cocktail and no treatment for blood and plasma preparations. Fasting samples treated with AEBSF and protease inhibitor cocktail were approximately threefold higher than aprotinin/HCl and control treatments (P < 0·03). Pre- and postprandial ghrelin attenuation was approximately twofold different (P < 0·04) with significant counterintuitive trends in aprotinin/HCl and K2 EDTA groups. Conclusions Our data suggest that AEBSF addition to K2 EDTA blood immediately after collection without plasma acidification, processing on ice and 14-day −70 °C storage is the best treatment for accurately quantifying acylghrelin in human plasma.
Cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of glycoprotein Ib inhibits collagen-induced polymerization of actin in platelets.

Abstract Platelet function is inhibited by agents such as prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) that elevate the cytoplasmic concentration of cyclic AMP. Inhibition presumably results from the cyclic AMP-stimulated phosphorylation of intracellular proteins. Polypeptides that become phosphorylated are actin-binding protein, P51 (Mr = 51,000), P36 (Mr = 36,000), P24 (Mr = 24,000), and P22 (Mr = 22,000). Recently, we identified P24 as the beta-chain of glycoprotein (GP) Ib, a component of the plasma membrane GP Ib.IX complex. The existence of Bernard-Soulier syndrome, a hereditary disorder in which platelets selectively lack the GP Ib.IX complex, enabled us to examine whether the phosphorylation of GP Ib beta (P24) is responsible for any of the inhibitory effects of elevated cyclic AMP on platelet function. Exposure of control platelets to PGE1 increased phosphorylation of actin-binding protein, P51, P36, GP Ib beta, and P22. Prostaglandin E1 induced the same phosphorylation reactions in Bernard-Soulier platelets, except that of GP Ib beta, which is absent. In control platelets, PGE1 inhibited collagen-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain, phosphorylation of P47 (an unidentified Mr 47,000 cytoplasmic protein that is phosphorylated by protein kinase C in stimulated platelets), aggregation, and the secretion of granule contents. Despite the absence of GP Ib beta, PGE1 also inhibited these collagen-induced responses in Bernard-Soulier platelets. However, while PGE1 inhibited collagen-induced polymerization of actin in control platelets, it did not inhibit actin polymerization in Bernard-Soulier platelets. These results suggest that cyclic AMP-induced phosphorylation of GP Ib inhibits collagen-induced actin polymerization in platelets. Because actin polymerization is required for at least some of the functional responses of platelets to an agonist, phosphorylation of Gp Ib beta may be one way in which cyclic AMP inhibits platelet function.
Randomized sham controlled trial of cranial microcurrent stimulation for symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances in women receiving chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer

Women with breast cancer may experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances during chemotherapy. However, there are few modalities that address multiple, commonly occurring symptoms that may occur in individuals receiving cancer treatment. Cranial electrical stimulation (CES) is a treatment that is FDA cleared for depression, anxiety and insomnia. CES is applied via electrodes placed on the ear that deliver pulsed, low amplitude electrical current to the head. This phase III randomized, sham-controlled study aimed to examine the effects of cranial microcurrent stimulation on symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances in women receiving chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to either an actual or sham device and used the device daily for 1 h. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00902330. The sample included N = 167 women with early-stage breast cancer. Symptom severity of depression, anxiety, and fatigue and sleep disturbances were generally mild to moderate. Levels of pain were low. Anxiety was highest prior to the initial chemotherapy and decreased over time. The primary outcome assessment (symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue, pain, sleep disturbances) revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups, actual CES vs. sham. In this study, women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer experienced multiple symptoms in the mild to moderate range. Although there is no evidence for the routine use of CES during the chemotherapy period for symptom management in women with breast cancer, further symptom management modalities should be evaluated to mitigate symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue, pain and sleep disturbances over the course of chemotherapy.
Geographic Variation of Song Form within and among Chestnut-Sided Warbler Populations

Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) song repertoires include both accented-ending (AE) and unaccented-ending (UE) songs, and the two song categories are used in different behavioral contexts. To determine if the song categories also differ in patterns of spatial distribution, I analyzed local geographic variation in song form within a Massa- chusetts population and also compared songs from this local population with songs from other geographic regions. I found that: (1) UE repertoires of individuals were more similar to those of nearby individuals in the local population than to those of more distant birds; (2) most UE song types and song elements tended to cluster on groups of adjacent territories; and (3) UE songs from geographically distant sites tended not to match types from the main study site. In contrast, my findings indicate that: (1) AE-repertoire similarities were not significantly related to local interindividual distances; (2) AE song types were dispersed at random over the local area; and (3) nearly all AE song types from distant sites were identical to the AE types found at the main study site. The contrast between variable, geographically clustered UE songs, and stereotyped, geographically dispersed AE songs suggests that the two song categories serve different communication functions. Received 21 December 1994, accepted 28 June 1995.
Contrasts Between Benefits Expected and Delivered Among MBA Inquirers, Students, and Graduates

ABSTRACT A survey was conducted of three groups: prospective students, current students, and alumni. Prospective students were asked what benefits (career, on-the-job performance, and personal benefits) they expected to derive from their MBA education. Current students and alumni were asked what benefits they have derived from their education. The expectations of the prospective students were quite consistent with the experiences of the current students and alumni with respect to on-the-job performance and personal benefits, but the career benefits that prospective students anticipated far exceeded actual experiences. This study should help prospective students to have more realistic expectations and should help MBA-granting institutions to understand an important source of dissatisfaction.
The NIF: An international high energy density science and inertial fusion user facility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), a 1.8-MJ/500-TW Nd:Glass laser facility designed to study inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density science (HEDS), is operational at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). A primary goal of NIF is to create the conditions necessary to demonstrate laboratory-scale thermonuclear ignition and burn. NIF experiments in support of indirect-drive ignition began late in FY2009 as part of the National Ignition Campaign (NIC), an international effort to achieve fusion ignition in the laboratory. To date, all of the capabilities to conduct implosion experiments are in place with the goal of demonstrating ignition and developing a predictable fusion experimental platform in 2012. The results from experiments completed are encouraging for the near-term achievement of ignition. Capsule implosion experiments at energies up to 1.6 MJ have demonstrated laser energetics, radiation temperatures, and symmetry control that scale to ignition conditions. Of particular importance is the demonstration of peak hohlraum temperatures near 300 eV with overall backscatter less than 15%. Important national security and basic science experiments have also been conducted on NIF. Successful demonstration of ignition and net energy gain on NIF will be a major step towards demonstrating the feasibility of laser-driven Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). This paper will describe the results achieved so far on the path toward ignition, the beginning of fundamental science experiments and the plans to transition NIF to an international user facility providing access to HEDS and fusion energy researchers around the world.
Readily Accessible Fluorescent Probes for Sensitive Biological Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is a major component of oxygen metabolism in biological systems that, when present in high concentrations, can lead to oxidative stress in cells. Noninvasive molecular imaging of H(2)O(2) using fluorogenic systems represents an effective way to detect and measure the accumulation of this metabolite. Herein, we detail the development of robust H(2)O(2)-sensitive fluorescent probes using a boronic ester trigger appended to the fluorophore through a benzyl ether linkage. A major advantage of the probes presented here is their synthetic accessibility, with only one step needed to generate the probes on the gram scale. The sensitivity of the probes was evaluated in simulated physiological conditions, showing micromolar sensitivity to H(2)O(2). The probes were tested in biological model systems, demonstrating effective imaging of unstimulated, endogenous H(2)O(2) levels in RAW 264.7 cells and murine brain tissue.
Two crystal forms of the restriction enzyme MspI–DNA complex show the same novel structure

The crystal structure of the Type IIP restriction endonuclease MspI bound to DNA containing its cognate recognition sequence has been determined in both monoclinic and orthorhombic space groups. Significantly, these two independent crystal forms present an identical structure of a novel monomer–DNA complex, suggesting a functional role for this novel enzyme–DNA complex. In both crystals, MspI interacts with the CCGG DNA recognition sequence as a monomer, using an asymmetric mode of recognition by two different structural motifs in a single polypeptide. In the crystallographic asymmetric unit, the two DNA molecules in the two MspI–DNA complexes appear to stack with each other forming an end-to-end pseudo-continuous 19-mer duplex. They are primarily B-form and no major bends or kinks are observed. For DNA recognition, most of the specific contacts between the enzyme and the DNA are preserved in the orthorhombic structure compared with the monoclinic structure. A cation is observed near the catalytic center in the monoclinic structure at a position homologous to the 74/45 metal site of EcoRV, and the orthorhombic structure also shows signs of this same cation. However, the coordination ligands of the metal are somewhat different from those of the 74/45 metal site of EcoRV. Combined with structural information from other solved structures of Type II restriction enzymes, the possible relationship between the structures of the enzymes and their cleavage behaviors is discussed.
Ruptured Visceral Artery Aneurysms

Visceral artery aneurysms are uncommon lesions that are rarely identified in the absence of symptoms. Between February 1972 and April 1992, nine patients (5 men and 4 women) with rupture of visceral artery aneurysms were treated. The average age was 62 years old (range 39 to 86 years old). The arteries involved were the splenic (4), the common hepatic (2), the left hepatic (1), the celiac (1), and the superior mesenteric (SMA) (1). No ruptured renal artery aneurysm was identified. Six patients presented with abdominal distension, pain, and hemodynamic instability. Three patients had recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding with erosion into the duodenum, the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct. All three had unnecessary gastrointestinal operations despite preoperative (2 patients) or intraoperative (1 patient) identification of a visceral artery aneurysm. One patient with an SMA aneurysm had ligation and bypass. Three patients with splenic artery aneurysms had splenectomy. The remaining five patients had either ligation or resection without arterial reconstruction. No end-organ dysfunction was identified. There was one death (11%) due to the SMA aneurysm. Pathological findings in four patients were cystic medial necrosis, diffuse deficiency of the internal elastic lamina, fibromuscular dysplasia, and atherosclerosis, respectively. The remainder were thought to be due to atherosclerosis on gross examination. Rupture of visceral artery aneurysms occurs infrequently and can be treated by simple ligation in most cases. Recognition that rupture of splanchnic arterial aneurysms into adjacent viscera can cause recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding may prevent both substantial delays in diagnosis and inappropriate therapy.
Objectivity and Perfection in Hume's Hedonism

In this paper, I investigate David Hume’s theory of well-being or prudential value. That Hume was some sort of hedonist is typically taken for granted in discussions of his value theory, but I argue that Hume was a hedonist of pathbreaking sophistication. His hedonism intriguingly blends traditional hedonism with a form of perfectionism yielding a version of qualitative hedonism that not only solves puzzles surrounding Hume’s moral theory, but is interesting and important in its own right.
On Bead Spectra

By the use of double fluxes instead of single fluxes an attempt was made (a) to better the resolution and (b) to increase the intensity of the transformation spectra of several elements. These objects were partially attained and the principle of essential identity, as applied to this type of spectrum, was substantiated.
ß-(p-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol in the chest gland secretion of a galago (Galago crassicaudatus)

s-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol is present in the chest gland secretion of the galago Galago crassicaudatus.
Debonding of composites structural insulated sandwich panels

A new type of composites structural insulated panels (CSIPs) is presented in this article. These panels are proposed for structural floor and wall applications. The developed composite panels are made of low-cost orthotropic thermoplastic glass/polypropylene laminate as facesheets and expanded polystyrene foam as a core. CSIPs have a considerably high facesheet/core moduli ratio. The common mode of failure of these panels is facesheet/core debonding. Accordingly, this investigation presents models for interfacial tensile stress and critical wrinkling in-plane stress associated with debonding of CSIPs. The facesheet in compression was modeled as a beam on a Winkler foundation. The proposed models were validated using full-scale experimental testing for CSIPs floor and wall panels. Both type of panels failed by facesheet/ debonding with natural half-wavelength approximately equal to the core thickness.
Transient Conduction in a Hollow Cylinder With Variable Thermal Conductivity

A closed form approximate solution has been obtained for the transient temperature distribution in a hollow cylinder with a linear variation in thermal conductivity with temperature. The boundary conditions considered are convective heating (Newton’s law) at the exposed inner surface and adiabatic outer surface. The solution is obtained using the method of optimal linearization, with the initial solution given by the integral method. The nonlinear analytical solution is shown to compare well with the finite difference solution.
The Empowerment of Older Mothers and Daughters: Rehabilitation Strategies Following a Hip Fracture

Empowerment was a major concept that emerged from a grounded theory study of 6 older mother–daughter dyads when the mother experienced a hip fracture. Modeling courage and sharing ideas were key components of empowerment. Modeling courage enabled mothers and daughters to retain strength in the face of pain and difficulties. Sharing ideas involved suggestions about physical rehabilitation, ways to access medical and legal information, as well as life philosophies. In this article, the process of empowerment is described. Recommendations are made to improve the lives of older women and their daughters during and after a hip fracture.
Effect of oxygen on ethanol fermentation in packed-bed tapered-column reactor

In ethanol production with immobilized yeast a major problem is the provision of nutrients to these highly concentrated cells. O2 being one of the nutrients of utmost importance to yeast cells, was fed into a column packed with beads with a cell loading of more than 40 g/l. Since addition of large volume of air or O2 to a cylindrical column reactor would aggravate the problems of pressure build up and channelling caused by the evolving CO2 gas, a tapered-column reactor and pulsed flow of oxygen gas was used. The supplement of O2 gas to the tapered column increased the productivity from 21.1 g ethanol x (l gel x h)-1 to 26.7 g x (l gel x h)-1, when the ethanol concentration at the outlet was about 80 g/l. The yield coefficient of ethanol was also increased from 0.41 g ethanol/g glucose to 0.43 after O2 supplement was started. The effects of frequency and duration of O2 supplement were also determined.
Mössbauer Effect and High-Voltage Electron Microscopy of Pyroxenes in Type B Samples:

Site occupancy numbers for ferrous iron, magnesium, and calcium at the Ml and M2 sites in lunar clinopyroxenes are estimated from nuclear gamma-ray resonant absorption spectra of 57Fe. The cation distribution is ordered; calcium and magnesium prefer M2 and Ml, respectively. The distribution corresponds to an equilibrium at a temperature lower than 680°C. Crystals cleaved and sectioned by diamond-knife ultramicrotomy were examined by high-voltage (200 kv) electron microscopy and diffraction. Uniform 300-to 600-A-wide bands that correspond to single crystal domains were found. Correlation of the bands with magnetic ordering at low temperatures is considered.
Thermal biology of rocky intertidal mussels : Quantifying body temperatures using climatological data

Despite numerous studies demonstrating the importance of body temperature to the fitness of intertidal invertebrates, surprisingly little is known of what these temperatures are under normal field conditions. Using environmental data collected at semi-exposed rocky intertidal beaches in the northeastern Pacific, I compared predictions of the body temperatures of mussels (Mytilus californianus) based on small-scale (microclimate-level) environmental data averaged over a range of time scales (5 minutes to 1 hour) to those generated using continuous measurements. The error in predicting maximum and mean body temperatures introduced through the use of hourly environmental averages was generally less than 1°–2°C. I then predicted body temperatures of mussels during aerial exposure using historical, hourly weather data from federal meteorological databases. I used environmental data collected over a 30-yr (1961–1990) period on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State to estimate the body temperatures of mussel aggregations at two tidal heights under conditions of aerial exposure during a “typical” climatological year. Estimated body temperatures commonly fluctuated by 20°C or more during a period of ≤12 h and did not correlate well with air temperatures. The data indicated that mussels were, on average, hotter at this site during spring (April–June) than in summer (July–September) and colder in autumn (October–December) than in winter (January–March), primarily due to the effect of tidal cycles in determining exposure time. Results of simulations where the effects of climate and tidal cycle were decoupled suggested that the timing of aerial exposure, which can vary consistently over relatively small spatial scales (<100 km), can be more important than seasonal (spring vs. summer) differences in climatic conditions in determining body temperatures. Because of the interactive effects of climate and tidal cycle on body temperatures, populations of mussels in this region living at the same tidal height but separated by only tens of kilometers are predicted to experience very different thermal regimes. As a result, the intertidal environment represents a unique habitat for investigating the thermal biology of invertebrates over a range of spatial and temporal scales.
Theory of origin of hyperfine interactions in atomic systems

We shall review recent developments in the theory of magnetic hyperfine interactions, including the influence of many-body and relativistic effects and the finite spreads of nuclear charge and magnetic moment distributions. The present status of the understanding of these effects will be illustrated by analyzing a number of different systems including the alkali atoms, alkaline earth ions and several half-filled shell atomic and ionic systems.
Physiological basis of the species abundance-salinity relationship in molluscs: A speculation

The relationship between the osmotic pressures of the blood and the ambient medium was determined for 4 species of bivalve molluscs whose habitats represent distinct salinity regimes within the range from fresh to full seawater. These organisms included 3 corbiculids: Corbicula manilensis (freshwater); Polymesoda caroliniana (brackish-water); Pseudocyrena floridana (marine) and 1 unionid: Elliptio lanceolata. On the basis of the data and similar measurements from the literature, we have placed the molluscs into 5 categories: marine stenohaline, marine euryhaline, oligohaline, fresh-water euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline. Marine stenohaline and euryhaline species are osmoconformers. They differ only in the size of the free amino acid pool available for intracellular volume regulation, and thus in the range of salinities that they tolerate. Oligohaline species tolerate salinities from seawater down to freshwater; they not only possess a large capacity for volume regulation, but can also osmoregulate below 3‰ S. Freshwater species also osmoregulate below 3‰ S, but they are usually limited to salinities below 2‰. Presumably, in evolving from the marine to the freshwater habit, they have lost the ability to volume-regulate in response to hyperosmotic stress. We propose that the varying physiological characteristics underlie the well-known relationship that species abundance declines from both freshwater and full seawater to a minimum between 3 and 5‰ S. We have related this species minimum to physical-chemical discontinuities in the ionic composition of seawater which are, again, reflected in the physiological mechanisms of the molluscs.
Pure rotational far-infrared transitions of 16O2 in its electronic and vibrational ground state

Abstract Five lines in the far-infrared region, due to N + 2 ← N (Δ J = 0) transitions of the 16 O 2 molecule in its ( X 3 Σ g − , v = 0) state, are measured at 773.839691, 1466.807133, 1812.405539, 2157.577773, and 2502.323923 GHz, using a tunable FIR spectrometer. The spectral lineshape of the 2.50-THz line is analyzed and the pressure self-broadening parameter of 18.2(32) kHz/Pa (=2.43(43) MHz/Torr) is obtained.
Reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis regression

Cholesterol is the major component of atherosclerotic plaque. Cholesterol accumulation within atherosclerotic plaque occurs when cholesterol influx into the arterial wall (from apoB-containing lipoproteins) exceeds cholesterol efflux. Increased influx of cholesterol into the arterial wall is accompanied by an increased influx of monocytes/macrophages,1 which take up oxidized and aggregated LDL and store the cholesterol as esters. Whereas parenchymal cells maintain cholesterol balance by downregulating de novo cholesterol synthesis and LDL receptor expression, macrophages continue to take up cholesterol from apoB-containing lipoproteins via pathways that are not subject to sterol-mediated feedback control. Current strategies to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) are aimed primarily at reducing the influx of cholesterol into the arterial wall by lowering plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations. Aggressive lowering of plasma LDL levels reduces mortality from CHD,2 but protection is not complete, and in a significant proportion of patients, plasma LDL concentrations cannot be lowered to a level that would be predicted to halt the progression of disease. As a consequence, there is great interest in strategies aimed at enhancing cholesterol efflux from the arterial wall and promoting its transport to the liver for excretion. Cholesterol that is synthesized in extrahepatic tissues or acquired from lipoproteins is returned to the liver for excretion in a process called reverse cholesterol transport.3 The initial step in reverse cholesterol transport is thought to be efflux of cholesterol from cell membranes to acceptor particles in the interstitial fluid. Two models have been proposed with regard to the movement of cholesterol from plasma membrane to acceptor particles. In the first, the aqueous diffusion model, cholesterol molecules spontaneously desorb from cell membranes and are then incorporated into acceptor particles after traversing the intervening aqueous space by diffusion.4 Phospholipid vesicles, phospholipid/albumin complexes, and triglyceride/phospholipid emulsions efficiently remove cholesterol from cells via this …
Ending the School-to-Prison Pipeline/Building Abolition Futures

Placing prison abolition on the horizon for scholars committed to interrupting the flow of young people toward prisons and jails, this article offers movement analysis, frameworks and associated questions surrounding advocacy and engagement. First, I offer a brief state of the field of research and advocacy surrounding school-to-prison work. Building from this assessment, I identify four ongoing tensions within this field that is, by definition, theoretically explicitly linked to advocacy for justice. Our challenges include exceptionality, specifically our desires to center children and youth in our analysis and organizing, and concurrently how carceral practices continue to change the face of the state and require us to track how alternatives to incarceration are defined and organized. We also struggle to build sustainable and viable decarceration initiatives and to develop ways to make schools and communities safer, without augmenting a carceral state, and to address state and interpersonal violence, while integrating an intersectional analysis that includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and queer lives and feminist standpoints. Finally, I close with a push for scholars to continually evaluate professional investments, and invite readers to consider how our scholarly locations augment or constrain our ability to participate in building transformative schools and communities.
Continuum electron emission from collisions of 0.1-3.2-MeV Kr ions with Xe targets.

Electrons with energies in the range of 100 to 600 eV have been observed to be emitted following 0.1--3.2-MeV collisions of Kr ions with Xe targets. Coincidence measurements between these electrons and the scattered ions determine the impact-parameter dependence for this electron emission. Although these data lie outside the conventional region of applicability of the one-electron molecular-orbital model, they are remarkably consistent with such molecular-orbital calculations. These Kr-Xe data are similar in nature to those for Kr-Kr collisions which previous authors have interpreted differently.
Pyknoleptic petit mal.

ABSTRACT – Pyknoleptic petit mal is a childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by frequent absence seizures and a specific EEG pattern. The EEG trait is dominantly inherited. It represents the paradigm of primary generalized epilepsy with cortico-reticular participation. The clinical features include disturbances of awareness and/or responsiveness and frequently associated events such as mild clonic components, postural changes and automatisms. Treatment is usually successful in eliminating seizures and the prognosis is favorable for terminal remission though generalized tonic-clonic seizures may ensue.
THE THERMAL DISSOCIATION OF SODIUM HEXANITROCOBALTATE(III)

The stoichiometry of the thermal decomposition reaction of Na3[Co(NO2)6] was studied by TG, DTA and mass spectrometric analysis.
Working-memory failure in phone-based interaction

This article investigates working-memory (WM) failure in phone-based interaction (PBI). We used a computational model of phone-based interaction (PBI USER) to generate predictions about the impact of three factors on WM failure:PBI features (i.e. menu structure), individual differences (i.e., WM capacity), and task characteristics (i.e., number of tasks). Our computational model stipulates that both the storage and the processing of information contribute to WM failure. In practical terms the model and the empirical results indicate that, contrary to guidelines for the design of phone-based interfaces, deep menu hierarchies (no more than three options per menu) do not reduce WM error rates in PBI. At a more theoretical level, the study shows that the use of a computational model in HCI research provides a systematic approach for explaining complex empirical results.
Choroidal perfusion measurements made with optical coherence tomography

Choroidal perfusion measurements are complicated by the choroid’s location posterior to the retina and its associated retinal blood vessels. Optical coherence tomography is a relatively new imaging technique with sufficient spatial resolution to isolate choroidal backscattering events from the posterior eye. We modified a speckle imaging algorithm to analyze sequential axial depth scans obtained from posterior rat eye to obtain an indicator of choroidal perfusion. This indicator is correlated with known changes in choroidal blood flow in response to increased intraocular pressure.
Manifestations of scleroderma pulmonary disease

Scleroderma is a multisystem disease of unknown cause characterized by synthesis and deposition of excessive extracellular matrix and vascular anti-GBM antibodies, leading to pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis with rapidly progressive renal insufficiency. Recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved our ability to recognize the syndrome, distinguish it from other similar disorders, and offer successful treatment. This article focuses on the pathogenetic features, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic principles of anti-GBM disease.
Thirty-year trend of observed greenhouse clouds over the tropical oceans

Abstract Analysis of the 30-year trend (1952–1981) of the amounts of different cloud types, as observed from ships in the tropical oceans, has shown that, over latitudes 20°N–20°S during the time period studied, cirrus (Ci) and cumulonimbus (Cb) types have increased while cumulus (Cu) and stratus (St) types decreased or remained nearly constant. The greenhouse implications of these cloud trends are discussed.
The HMG domain of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 bends DNA and facilitates assembly of functional nucleoprotein structures

Abstract The high mobility group (HMG) domain is a DNA-binding motif that is associated with several eukaryotic regulatory proteins, including the lymphoid enhancer-binding factor LEF-1 and the testis-determining factor SRY. Here, we provide evidence that DNA binding by the HMG domain of LEF-1 involves primarily minor groove contacts and induces a bend of approximately 130° in the DNA helix. Bending was also found to accompany sequence-specific DNA binding by the SRY-HMG domain. Examining possible regulatory roles of HMG domain-induced DNA bends, we found that LEF-1 can function in a manner similar to bacterial integration host factor and facilitate communication between widely separated protein-binding sites in a recombination assay. Together with the previous observation that LEF-1 by itself is unable to augment basal promoter activity, these data suggest that HMG domain proteins can serve as "architectural" elements in the assembly of higher-order nucleoprotein structures.
Vibrations of a beam on elastic foundation II

In an earlier paper, the equations describing the vibrations of a beam on elastic foundation under the action of an alternating force whose point of application moves along the beam was solved by the author, neglecting damping. The effect of damping is taken into account in the present work, and explicit solutions, valid for all frequencies and velocities of the applied force, are obtained. In qualitative features the most obvious difference from the undamped case is that, for non-zero velocity, the displacements of the beam are no longer symmetric about the instantaneous position of the applied force, but are greater behind than ahead of this position. In einer fruheren Arbeit hat der Verfasser die Schwingungsgleichungen eines durch eine hin- und hergehende Kraft belasteten Balkens auf federnder Grundlage unter Vernachlassigung der Dampfung fur den Fall gelost, das der Angriffspunkt der hin- und hergehenden Kraft sich langs des Balkens verschiebt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird nun dem Dampfungseinflus Rechnung getragen; explizite fur alle Frequenzen und Geschwindigkeiten der aufgebrachten Kraft geltende Losungen werden erreicht. In qualitativer Hinsicht unterscheidet sich der vorliegende Fall vom ungedampften vor allem dadurch, das bei einer von Null abweichenden Geschwindigkeit die Verschiebungen des Balkens um die momentane Kraftangriffsstelle nicht mehr symmetrisch verlaufen, sondern hinten groser sind als vorn.
Heart defects in X-linked heterotaxy: Evidence for a genetic interaction of Zic3 with the nodal signaling pathway†

The complex cardiac defects that occur in heterotaxy result from abnormal left–right patterning. Mutations in the zinc finger transcription factor ZIC3 cause X-linked heterotaxy, HTX1. We previously have generated a targeted deletion of the murine Zic3 locus and demonstrated that these knockout mice correctly model HTX1. Fifty percent of Zic3 null embryos have cardiac looping anomalies at embryonic day 10.5 to 14.5, with ventral looping and sinistral looping as the predominant phenotypes. The penetrance of these phenotypes is increased in mice that are also haploinsufficient for Nodal. Zic3+/−; Nodal+/− compound heterozygous mice are born in significantly reduced numbers (P = 0.0001), indicating a genetic interaction between the loci. Furthermore, an upstream Nodal enhancer is responsive to Zic3 in both Xenopus and mouse. These studies provide evidence that Zic3 interacts genetically with Nodal in left–right patterning and subsequent cardiac development and delineate a critical Zic3-responsive enhancer required for mediating Nodal expression at the node. Developmental Dynamics 235:1631–1637, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE FATE OF NICOTINAMIDE IN THE MOUSE; TISSUE METABOLITES.

Abstract The complete spectrum of radioactive compounds found in mouse tissues after the administration of [7- 14 C]nicotinamide, in vivo , has been separated through the use of DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and paper chromatography. All but one have been identified as previously known compounds by the criteria of co-chromatography, co-crystallization and specific enzymatic reactivity. The nicotinamide metabolites which are normally found in mouse urine have also been shown to occur in mouse tissues at levels which are profoundly influenced by the levels of nicotinamide administered.
Three wrongs make a right

When dealing with graphics operations that must be fast (like the inner loops of rendering algorithms), I usually like to do calculations with fixed-point arithmetic (that is, scaled integers) rather than floating point arithmetic. The exact scaling factor used can have some interesting effects on the speed and errors in the calculation. In this article, I'll give some titbits I've discovered or picked up from others about this. In particular, I'll talk about some of the advantages of using odd numbers of the form 2/sup n/-1 as scaling factors. The motivation for this discussion is the desire to do arithmetic on pixel values: red, green, blue, or alpha. These values are in the range 0...1, so all numbers you see here are positive. In the discussion that follows, I'll use floating point as a testbed and as scaffolding to derive integer formulas. All final calculations take place using only integer arithmetic. >
Isolation of a translational inhibitor from wheat germ with protein kinase activity that phosphorylates initiation factor eIF-2.

Abstract A translational inhibitor (WGI) has been partially purified from wheat germ extracts. WGI inhibits protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates with inhibition kinetics that are similar to those observed in heme-deficiency or by the addition of purified heme-regulated translational inhibitor (HRI). Initiation factor eIF-2 from rabbit reticulocytes overcomes this inhibition. This finding suggests that WGI inhibits protein chain initiation. WGI induced inhibition is enhanced by ATP (2 mM), and overcome by GTP (2 mM) and cyclic-AMP (10 mM). WGI preparations contain a cyclic-AMP independent protein kinase activity that phosphorylates the 38,000-dalton subunit of rabbit reticulocyte eIF-2. The phosphopeptide analyses of eIF-2 phosphorylated by WGI or HRI show that they phosphorylate the same site(s) of eIF-2. HRI phosphorylates the corresponding 38,000-dalton subunit of wheat germ eIF-2. These results obtained with WGI are similar to that of HRI. HRI has been identified as a cyclic-AMP independent protein kinase that phosphorylates the 38,000-dalton subunit of eIF-2 [for review see Ochoa, S. and de Haro, C. (1979) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 48 , 549]. Hence, these findings with wheat germ-a phylogenetically distant eukaryote, raise further the possibility that phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of eIF-2 may be an important general mechanism in the regulation of eukaryotic protein biosynthesis.