cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investment Decision Making: Do Experienced Decision Makers Fall Prey to the Paradox of Choice?

Psychology research suggests that decision makers fall prey to the paradox of choice phenomenon, where individuals are less likely to make a decision when faced with an extensive choice set than when faced with a limited choice set. This research may have important implications for investment decision makers in circumstances in which many investment options are available. However, the studies in psychology have typically examined the decisions of individuals who have no particular experience in the decision task. In this study, we examine whether individuals' investment decisions are affected by choice-set size (i.e., a limited vs. extensive choice set) and whether the effect is mitigated or changed for individuals who are more experienced with investment decisions. We find that the paradox of choice phenomenon is evident for participants who are less experienced with investing but not for more experienced participants. In fact, individuals who are more experienced with investment decisions were actually ...
Object-Relations Theory: A Dialogue with Donald B. Rinsley.

Object-relations (O-R) theory expands traditional psychoanalytic thinking beyond psychiatric hospitals and “patients.” This approach focuses on emotional development that leads to normal or disturbed behavior. O-R theory is presented here to acquaint counselors with its basic concepts, its practical applications, and its impact on current psychological thought.
Ketoconazole inhibition of triazolam and alprazolam clearance : Differential kinetic and dynamic consequences

Background Kinetic and dynamic consequences of metabolic inhibition were evaluated in a study of the interaction of ketoconazole, a P4503A inhibitor, with alprazolam and triazolam, two 3A substrate drugs with different kinetic profiles. Methods In a double-blind, 5-way crossover study, healthy volunteers received (A) ketoconazole placebo plus 1.0 mg alprazolam orally, (B) 200 mg ketoconazole twice a day plus 1.0 mg alprazolam, (C)ketoconazole placebo plus 0.25 mg triazolam orally, (D) 200 mg ketoconazole twice a day plus 0.25 mg triazolam, and (E) 200 mg ketoconazole twice a day plus benzodiazepine placebo. Plasma concentrations and pharmacodynamic parameters were measured after each dose. Results For trial B versus trial A, alprazolam clearance was reduced (27 versus 86 mL/min; P < .002) and apparent elimination half-life (t½ prolonged (59 versus 15 hours; P < .03), whereas peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was only slightly increased (16.1 versus 14.7 ng/mL). The 8-hour pharmacodynamic effect areas for electroencephalographic (EEG) beta activity were increased by a factor of 1.35, and those for digit-symbol substitution test (DSST) decrement were increased by 2.29 for trial B versus trial A. For trial D versus trial C, triazolam clearance was reduced (40 versus 444 mL/min; P < .002), t½ was prolonged (18.3 versus 3.0 hours; P < .01), and Cmax was increased (2.6 versus 5.4 ng/mL; P < .001). The 8-hour effect area for EEG was increased by a factor of 2.51, and that for DSST decrement was increased by 4.33. Observed in vivo clearance decrements due to ketoconazole were consistent with those anticipated on the basis of an in vitro model, together with in vivo plasma concentrations of ketoconazole. Conclusion For triazolam, an intermediate-extraction compound, impaired clearance by ketoconazole has more profound clinical consequences than those for alprazolam, a low extraction compound. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1998) 64, 237–247; doi:
Extreme polar cap density enhancements along magnetic field lines during an intense geomagnetic storm

[1] Sounding measurements from the radio plasma imager (RPI) on the IMAGE satellite are used to derive electron number density distributions along magnetic field lines in the polar cap magnetosphere during an intense magnetic storm. It is shown that electron densities along magnetic field lines in the polar cap magnetosphere were greatly enhanced on both the dayside and nightside during the storm, compared to the electron density profiles measured during periods of lower geomagnetic activities. The electron density enhancements were observed extending to 7 Earth radii (RE) in altitude on the dayside, with the electron density value reaching about 10 cm−3 at 7 RE altitude. The observed density enhancements were likely due to the enhanced cleft ion fountain during the storm although some of nightside density enhancements might be caused by the increased ion outflows locally in the polar cap. The strongest electron density enhancements observed on the dayside are possibly further associated with storm-time transport of plasma from the midlatitude ionosphere and plasmasphere to high latitudes, which manifests as a plasma plume intruding to dayside high latitudes as seen from total electron content (TEC) maps. With an enhanced source population supplied by the plasma plume, acceleration and heating processes in the dayside cusp/auroral region may produce a large flux of outflowing plasma along magnetic field lines while the outflowing plasma is convected anti-sunward toward the polar cap. These processes lead to strongly enhanced cleft ion fountain and thus greatly raised electron densities at magnetospheric altitudes in the polar cap. The present study captures an event of a massive redistribution of the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasma during a geomagnetic storm caused by extreme solar wind/interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions.
Achieving capacity of large alphabet discrete memoryless channels

It is observed that some communication situations fall into the large alphabet setting, in which the number of channel parameters and the number of channel uses are both large. To model such situations, we consider Discrete Memoryless Channels (DMCs) in which the input and output alphabet sizes increase along with the block length n. For known channels, we show that reliable communication at the sequence of channel capacities is possible if and only if the minimum between the square logarithms of the input and the output alphabet sizes grows sublinearly with n. For unknown channels with feedback, we show that universal channel coding can be supported if the input-output product alphabet size grows sublinearly with n.
Variation of bioactive furocoumarins and flavonoids in different varieties of grapefruits and pummelo

Grapefruit juice has been shown to increase the oral bioavailability of many therapeutic drugs. Certain citrus bioactive compounds such as furocoumarins and flavonoids have potent inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) enzyme and P-glycoprotein. The levels of these bioactive compounds in the grapefruit juice may affect the magnitude and mechanism of grapefruit juice-induced drug interaction. The levels of three furocoumarins such as dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), paradisin A and bergamottin and flavonoids have been separated and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in seven varieties of grapefruits and its parent pummelo. Considerable differences were observed in the levels of these bioactive compounds in different grapefruit varieties. Ray Red showed the lowest (0.492 ± 0.027 DHB μg/ml, 0.059 ± 0.001 μg/ml paradisin A and 0.344 ± 0.030 μg/ml bergamottin) levels of all three furocoumarins and Duncan contain the highest amount of DHB (2.587 ± 0.432 μg/ml) and bergamottin (1.004 ± 0.068 μg/ml), where as Star Ruby contain the highest levels of paradisin A. Pummelo contain the highest levels of naringin (4.587 ± 0.061 mg/ml), while Rio Red showed the lowest level (1.986 ± 0.145 mg/ml) of naringin.
Macroeconomic conditions, class mobility, and inequality

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic conditions, income inequality and social class mobility. Class is defined by capital ownership. Favorable macroeconomic conditions induce mobility. Given an initial level of capital inequality, in the short run, a higher degree of social class mobility yields a more equality-oriented or less inequality-oriented economy and therefore is not a guarantee for a reduction in the level of capital inequality. Similarly, an economy without class mobility is not always inequality-oriented. For illustration, a linear simulation model is set up. The impacts of various macroeconomic conditions on growth, mobility, inequality, and the poverty rate are investigated.
Criterion-related and construct validity of the Career Maturity Inventory Competence Test with ninth-grade pupils

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the criterion-related and construct validity of the Career Maturity Inventory Competence Test. The Competence Test, Attitude Scale, and Cognitive Vocational Maturity Test were administered to 260 ninth-grade pupils in a rural junior high school to determine whether the variables were interrelated as hypothesized in the Crites (Theory and research handbook for the Career Maturity Inventory. Monterey, Calif.: CTB/McGraw-Hill, 1973 ) model of career maturity. The results show that, as predicted, the Competence Test is more highly correlated with the Cognitive Vocational Maturity Test than it is with the Attitude Scale. Also, as predicted, the subscales of the Competence Test are intercorrelated between .40 and .69. However, the correlations of the Attitude Scale with the Competence Test total score and the Cognitive Vocational Maturity Test total score are higher than the theoretical expectation.
747-4 Evaluation of Regurgitant Jets by Sound Intensity Using a Pulsatile Flow Model: Potential Contribution of Regurgitant Volume and Reynolds Number

Our goal in this study was to determine whether a new type of digital heart sound analysis method could give quantitative information about flow velocity and volume so as to allow a potentially lower-cost approach to followup studies of patients with stenotic or regurgitant valve lesions. To elucidate the relationships between hydrodynamic factors such as Reynolds number, flow velocity and flow volume and the sound characteristics of cardiac murmurs, we developed an in vitro pulsatile flow model with variable orifice size and shape (circular 0.11 cm2, 0.24 cm2, 1.77 cm2and 3.80 cm2; oval 0.24 cm2, with a ratio of major to minor axis = 2; rectangular 0.24 cm2, ratio = 4). Heart sounds were recorded with a new digital system (MCG) with real time spectral analysis and display and averaged over 15 “cardiac” cycles. Mean flow rate ranged from 0.6 l/min to 6 l/min. Actual instantaneous flow rate was measured using an ultrasonic flow meter for peak flow rates 1.6 l/min to 16.8 l/min. Reynolds number ranged from 6820 to 40050. For each orifice, there was an excellent relationship between total integrated sound energy (See figure: integration of intensity (I) and frequency (F) over time (T).) obtained by digital processing and Reynolds number, peak flow velocity and peak flow rate (r = 0.89–0.97, 0.89–0.97, 0.93–D.99, P l 0.001, respectively). The best relationship was obtained for the smallest orifice. Higher sound energies were detected for any given flow volume in asymmetrical orifices, probably due to higher turbulence. For all orifices combined, a correlation was found between peak frequency and peak velocity, but only total sound energywas correlated with peak flow rate (r = 0.84, P l 0.0t). Total integrated sound energy determined digitally is related to peak flow rate; peak velocity and Reynolds number parallel peak sound frequency. Download : Download high-res image (46KB) Download : Download full-size image
Understanding of molecular assembly with scanning tunneling microscopy at solid/liquid interfaces

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to resolve molecular packing structures of mixed thiophene-N-alkylpyrrole oligomeric molecules at the solid/liquid interfaces. We have systematically synthesized several mixed thiophene-pyrrole oligomers to understand the nature of grains, shapes, and crystalline orientations. The resulting STM images were compared with the structure generated by MM3 molecular modeling simulation. The basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface was used to deposit the molecules.
Analysis of DJIA, S&P 500, S&P 400, NASDAQ 100 and Russell 2000 ETFs and their influence on price discovery

Abstract This study examines the temporal behavior of price discovery in the spot, ETF and futures markets of the DJIA, S&P 500, S&P 400, NASDAQ 100 and Russell 2000. We document an increasing trend in the price discovery metrics of exchange traded funds for all indexes but the DJIA. Contrary to past studies, our findings show that the spot market rather than the futures market leads the price discovery. The arbitrage process that links exchange traded funds to spot prices, and not the futures prices might explain the results. This daily arbitrage that ensures exchange traded funds prices equal net asset values appear to promote spot market price discovery especially with the popularity of exchange traded funds in more recent years. We additionally document that the temporal behavior of the exchange traded funds price discovery metric affects differently price discovery in the spot and futures markets across indexes.
Stability of the S&P 500 futures market efficiency conditions

Brenner and Kroner (1995) laid out the necessary conditions for futures market efficiency when the asset price data are characterized by stochastic trends. Specifically, a no arbitrage profit condition implies that spot, futures and cost-of-carry will be cointegrated, unless the cost-of-carry is stationary, in which case spot and futures will be cointegrated. This is examined for the S&P 500 futures market. The results are intriguing since evidence is initially found that spot and futures are themselves cointegrated. But a deeper analysis demonstrates that this cointegrating relationship is not stable. However, including the three-month Treasury bill rate as a proxy for the cost-of-carry yields one stable cointegrating (or equilibrium) relationship. This suggests that the evidence of cointegration between spot and futures alone is spurious and that researchers need to be careful about conclusions drawn from cointegration analysis of market efficiency conditions.
Cecectomized Turkeys—Physiologic Characteristics and Susceptibility to Bluecomb

Abstract IT HAS been commonly believed that the ceca are an important site of infection in bluecomb of turkeys. Aqueous suspensions of minced ceca and colon from diseased turkeys have been used for transmission of bluecomb by the oral route. During bluecomb, intestinal contents (including cecal ingesta) are watery, gaseous, and an abnormal yellowish-brown color (Jungherr and Pomeroy, 1965). Schlotthauer et al. (1933) reported that occlusion of the ceca protected a high percentage of turkeys from development of signs of histomoniasis. Much confusion exists in the literature concerning the role of the cloaca, colon, and ceca in absorption of urinary constituents in poultry. It has been reported (Akester et al., 1967; Hill, 1965; Koike and McFarland, 1966; Nechay et al., 1968; Skadhauge, 1968) that urine may reflux into the colon and ceca of chickens. Urinary water may be absorbed from the cloaca, colon, and ceca (Dicker and Haslam, 1966; Skadhauge, 1967).…
Parallel and distributed simulation: traditional techniques and recent advances

This tutorial on parallel and distributed simulation systems reviews some of the traditional synchronization techniques and presents some recent advances.
Control Is Not Movement

We present arguments against Hornstein's recent movement theory of control. Such a theory can be sustained only if a restricted subset of the data is considered. We review additional data that show that the position of the controller is determined at least in part by semantic constraints. A semantic account captures the generalizations in a manner impossible for a syntactic account.
Continuous Quality Improvement in a Level IIIB NICU to Increase Human Milk Use at Day of Life 14, Day of Life 28, and Discharge:

Despite the known benefits of human milk (HM) feedings for high-risk infants, many barriers still remain to providing HM. We implemented a quality improvement (QI) project to increase HM use at 3 t...
The utilization and role of the preceptor in undergraduate nursing programs

Abstract Over the past several decades, utilization of nurse preceptors has gained increasing popularity within academic settings providing nursing degrees. Although not a new phefsnomenon, the preceptorship experience has traditionally helped to facilitate the clinical preparation for students in nursing programs (Oermann, M.N. and Heinrich, R.T. (Eds). Annual Review of Nursing Education (Vol. 1), chapter 5. New York, NY: Springer 2003). Today, nurse preceptors continue to be utilized in student nurses' clinical education. Therefore, it is imperative that nurse educators understand the role of the preceptor and how to provide the necessary guidance for a successful preceptorship experience.
Contention-resolving circuits for computer interrupt systems

In computer input-output systems contention occurs when two or more peripheral devices make interrupt requests simultaneously. The currently used methods for resolving this contention are outlined, and an improved method which avoids their drawbacks is presented. Synchronous and asynchronous implementations are described, and the effects of bus propagation time are discussed.
Congenital and Hereditary Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Adults: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Risk Stratification

Sudden cardiac death is defined as death from unexpected circulatory arrest-usually a result of cardiac arrhythmia-that occurs within 1 hour of the onset of symptoms. Proper and timely identification of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death and the diagnosis of its predisposing conditions are vital. A careful history and physical examination, in addition to electrocardiography and cardiac imaging, are essential to identify conditions associated with sudden cardiac death. Among young adults (18-35 years), sudden cardiac death most commonly results from a previously undiagnosed congenital or hereditary condition, such as coronary artery anomalies and inherited cardiomyopathies (eg, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy [ARVC], dilated cardiomyopathy, and noncompaction cardiomyopathy). Overall, the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in young adults are, in descending order of frequency, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery anomalies with an interarterial or intramural course, and ARVC. Often, sudden cardiac death is precipitated by ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and may be prevented with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Risk stratification to determine the need for an ICD is challenging and involves imaging, particularly echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Coronary artery anomalies, a diverse group of congenital disorders with a variable manifestation, may be depicted at coronary computed tomographic angiography or MR angiography. A thorough understanding of clinical risk stratification, imaging features, and complementary diagnostic tools for the evaluation of cardiac disorders that may lead to sudden cardiac death is essential to effectively use imaging to guide diagnosis and therapy.
Disruption of the Rickettsia rickettsii Sca2 Autotransporter Inhibits Actin-Based Motility

Rickettsii rickettsii, the etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, replicates within the cytosol of infected cells and uses actin-based motility to spread inter- and intracellularly. Although the ultrastructure of the actin tail and host proteins associated with it are distinct from those of Listeria or Shigella, comparatively little is known regarding the rickettsial proteins involved in its organization. Here, we have used random transposon mutagenesis of R. rickettsii to generate a small-plaque mutant that is defective in actin-based motility and does not spread directly from cell to cell as is characteristic of spotted fever group rickettsiae. The transposon insertion site of this mutant strain was within Sca2, a member of a family of large autotransporter proteins. Sca2 exhibits several features suggestive of its apparent role in actin-based motility. It displays an N-terminal secretory signal peptide, a C-terminal predicted autotransporter domain, up to four predicted Wasp homology 2 (WH2) domains, and two proline-rich domains, one with similarity to eukaryotic formins. In a guinea pig model of infection, the Sca2 mutant did not elicit fever, suggesting that Sca2 and actin-based motility are virulence factors of spotted fever group rickettsiae.
Sounds of a silent Blimp-1.

When acetyl or methyl groups are added to histones, chromatin structure and gene expression are altered. The methyltransferase G9a can target the specific silencing of IFNB gene expression and blocking of V(D)J recombination.
Collaborative tracking for MRI-guided robotic intervention on the beating heart

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided robotic interventions for aortic valve repair promise to dramatically reduce time and cost of operations when compared to endoscopically guided (EG) procedures. A challenging issue is real-time and robust tracking of anatomical landmark points. The interventional tool should be constantly adjusted via a closed feedback control loop to avoid harming these points while valve repair is taking place in the beating heart. A Bayesian network of particle filter trackers proves capable to produce real-time, yet robust behavior. The algorithm is extremely flexible and general - more sophisticated behaviors can be produced by simply increasing the cardinality of the tracking network. Experimental results on 16 MRI cine sequences highlight the promise of the method.
Educating smokers about their cigarettes and nicotine medications

The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of specially designed educational materials to correct misperceptions held by smokers about nicotine, nicotine medications, low tar cigarettes, filters and product ingredients. To accomplish this, 682 New York State Smokers’ Quitline callers were randomized to one of two groups: control group received counseling, nicotine patches and quit smoking guide; and experimental group received counseling, nicotine patches, quit guide, plus information about cigarette characteristics mailed in a brand-tailored box. Participants were contacted 1 month later to assess knowledge about cigarettes and actions taken to alter smoking behavior. The results found that respondents in the experimental condition were more likely to report using and sharing the test materials with others compared with the control condition. Overall mean knowledge scores for the experimental group were slightly higher compared with those who received the standard materials. Knowledge of cigarette ingredients was not related to quit attempts or quitting smoking. This study found that the experimental materials were better recalled and contributed to higher levels of knowledge about specific cigarette design features; however, this did not translate into changes in smoking behavior.
Changing climate extremes in the Northeast United States: observations and projections from CMIP5

Climate extremes indices are evaluated for the northeast United States and adjacent Canada (Northeast) using gridded observations and twenty-three CMIP5 coupled models. Previous results have demonstrated observed increases in warm and wet extremes and decreases in cold extremes, consistent with changes expected in a warming world. Here, a significant shift is found in the distribution of observed total annual precipitation over 1981-2010. In addition, significant positive trends are seen in all observed wet precipitation indices over 1951-2010. For the Northeast region, CMIP5 models project significant shifts in the distributions of most temperature and precipitation indices by 2041-2070. By the late century, the coldest (driest) future extremes are projected to be warmer (wetter) than the warmest (wettest) extremes at present. The multimodel interquartile range compares well with observations, providing a measure of confidence in the projections in this region. Spatial analysis suggests that the largest increases in heavy precipitation extremes are projected for northern, coastal, and mountainous areas. Results suggest that the projected increase in total annual precipitation is strongly influenced by increases in winter wet extremes. The largest decreases in cold extremes are projected for northern and interior portions of the Northeast, while the largest increases in summer warm extremes are projected for densely populated southern, central, and coastal areas. This study provides a regional analysis and verification of the latest generation of CMIP global models specifically for the Northeast, useful to stakeholders focused on understanding and adapting to climate change and its impacts in the region.
Antisense Downregulation of N-myc1 in Woodchuck Hepatoma Cells Reverses the Malignant Phenotype

Cell line WH44KA is a highly malignant woodchuck hepatoma cell line. WH44KA cells contain a single woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA integration in the 3' untranslated region of exon 3 of the woodchuck N-myc1 gene. The highly rearranged WHV DNA contains WHV enhancers which activate the N-myc promoter, and a hybrid N-myc1-WHV mRNA is produced, which leads to a high steady-state level of N-myc1 protein. To investigate whether continuous N-myc1 expression is required to maintain the tumor phenotype, we knocked out N-myc expression using a WHV-N-myc1 antisense vector. We identified two WH44KA antisense cell lines, designated 4-5 and 4-11, in which steady-state N-mycl protein levels were reduced by 95 and 80%, respectively. The growth rates of both antisense cell lines were reduced in comparison to those of wild-type and vector controls. The phenotype of 4-5 and 4-11 cells changed to a flattened appearance, and the cells exhibited contact inhibition. Colony-forming ability in soft agar was reduced by 92% for 4-5 cells and by 88% for 4-11 cells. Cell line 4-11 formed only small, slow-growing tumors in nude mice, consistent with a low level of N-myc1 remaining in the cells. In contrast, 4-5 cells, in which N-myc protein was reduced by greater than 95%, failed to form tumors in nude mice. The integrated WHV DNA contained the complete WHV X gene (WHx) and its promoter; however, we did not detect any WHx protein in the cells by using a sensitive assay. These data demonstrate that N-myc overexpression is required to maintain the malignant phenotype of WH44KA woodchuck hepatoma cells and provide a direct function for integrated WHV DNA in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Early detection of fatigue damage using escort distributions of ultrasonic data sequences

This paper presents real-time detection of fatigue damage in mechanical structures using ultrasonic sensing methodology. The data-driven pattern identification method for anomaly detection is based on the tools derived from statistical mechanics and symbolic dynamics. The concept of escort distributions has been used to identify the behavioral patterns changes in complex systems due to gradual evolution of anomalies. The real-time information of evolving fatigue damage provides early warnings of forthcoming catastrophic failures. The anomaly detection method has been experimentally validated on poly-crystalline alloys using ultrasonic data generated from a fatigue damage testing apparatus.
Refuse Thy Name: Sexual Repression, Boundary Maintenance, and the Perpetuation of Privilege

This article challenges certain current formulations which allege that women are innately less inclined to seek sexual variety than men, and that women are innately “nurturant” and “emotional.” A comparison of women's sexual behavior in communal and class societies leads to the conclusion that these apparent differences between the sexes are culturally imposed, rather than biological in origin. A cultural interpretation is offered to explain the greater repression of female sexuality in class societies, emphasizing the use of sexual repression in the maintenance of social boundaries between classes and gender-castes. American capitalist society provides a clear illustration of such use–doctrines of “innate” female monogamy, nurturance, and emotionality tend to be most intensely promulgated when there is low demand for women in the wage labor force. By promoting the redomestication of female labor, such ideologies serve to perpetuate upper class and male privilege.
Microstructure and Surface Structure Evolution in AlCu Polycrystalline Thin Films

The evolution of crystallographic texture, grain size and surface morphology in magnetron sputter deposited Al-0.5wt.% Cu polycrystalline thin films is reported as a function of film thickness for SiO 2 and SiO 2 /Ti underlayers for several deposition rates. Regardless of the underlayer type, the initial ≈ 10 nm of the Al-Cu films is nearly randomly oriented, with the films developing a (111) out-of-plane texture which increases in strength with thickness during deposition. The AlCu films on sputtered Ti underlayers developed an exact (111) fiber orientation while Al-Cu films on oxide substrates were offset ≈ 5° from exact fiber orientation. Higher deposition rates were found to result in slightly better (111) textured 20 nm AlCu films. The surface morphology of films, determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), revealed two regimes of average roughness (R rms ) evolution during deposition. R rms decreased early in the deposition process, followed by a roughening regime where R rms increased with thickness. These results are discussed in terms of mechanisms such as grain growth, which help to determine microstructure development during film formation from the vapor.
Peptide Signals Encode Protein Localization

Many bacterial proteins are localized to precise intracellular locations, but in most cases the mechanism for encoding localization information is not known. Screening libraries of peptides fused to green fluorescent protein identified sequences that directed the protein to helical structures or to midcell. These peptides indicate that protein localization can be encoded in 20-amino-acid peptides instead of complex protein-protein interactions and raise the possibility that the location of a protein within the cell could be predicted from bioinformatic data.
Power efficient organization of wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks have emerged recently as an effective way of monitoring remote or inhospitable physical environments. One of the major challenges in devising such networks lies in the constrained energy and computational resources available to sensor nodes. These constraints must be taken into account at all levels of the system hierarchy. The deployment of sensor nodes is the first step in establishing a sensor network. Since sensor networks contain a large number of sensor nodes, the nodes must be deployed in clusters, where the location of each particular node cannot be fully guaranteed a priori. Therefore, the number of nodes that must be deployed in order to completely cover the whole monitored area is often higher than if a deterministic procedure were used. In networks with stochastically placed nodes, activating only the necessary number of sensor nodes at any particular moment can save energy. We introduce a heuristic that selects mutually exclusive sets of sensor nodes, where the members of each of those sets together completely cover the monitored area. The intervals of activity are the same for all sets, and only one of the sets is active at any time. The experimental results demonstrate that by using only a subset of sensor nodes at each moment, we achieve a significant energy savings while fully preserving coverage.
Hematopoietic Growth Factors in the Supportive Care and Treatment of Patients with Hematologic Neoplasms

The hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are a group of naturally occurring glycoproteins required for the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Their effects are mediated by high-affinity binding to specific receptors on their hematopoietic target cells. The isolation, purification, cloning, and manufacture of HGFs has permitted their clinical use, originally to correct cytopenias caused by deficiency of specific growth factors, and subsequently in numerous other settings. Recombinant HGFs are used in the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies to improve disease and treatment-related cytopenias and to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells from the marrow into the peripheral blood from where they can be harvested for autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. This chapter will focus on the biology and use of the clinically important recombinant HGFs in patients with hematologic malignancies. Those HGFs which are employed clinically will be individually discussed, followed by a description of their application in specific diseases and clinical settings.
Application of Richardson extrapolation to numerical solution of the neutron transport equation

Numerical methods are devised and tested for solution of the neutron transport equation in one-dimensional plane and two-dimensional R-Z geometry. The numerical methods are devised in a manner such...
Effect of ACTH upon artificially induced trichinosis in rats with special reference to eosinophilia.

Conclusions1. The marked eosinophilia due to an experimental Trichina infection was greatly depressed but not abolished when ACTH was administered for short intervals. 2. The effects of ACTH in animals with artificially induced trichinosis were exhibited by (a) alterations of the inflammatory response to encysted larvae, (b) alterations in the bone marrow, and (c) the changes in the level of circulating eosinophils. 3. Although modification of the host response to Trichina infestation was obtained with ACTH there was no objective evidence that the infected rats benefited as a result of this treatment.
Unusual Evolution of Ceria Nanocrystal Morphologies Promoted by a Low-Temperature Vapor Diffusion Based Process

Ceria nanoparticles are synthesized from aqueous cerium nitrate by a facile, room temperature, vapor diffusion based process, resulting in an unusual evolution of particle morpnoiogy without exogenous surface capping agents. Transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and UV-visible spectroscopy reveal that as the hydroxyl ion concentration of the reaction medium increases through progressive diffusion of ammonia vapor into the precursor solution, crystals grow from amorphous small seeds to 10 nm particles with unusual development ofwell-defined crystal morphologies. Quasi-spherical particles grow to form truncated octahedra that subsequently grow via face reconstruction to yield cubic nanocrystals with {100} surfaces. The slow progressive increase in hydroxyl concentration resulting from the controlled diffusion of ammonia into the reaction medium permits us to observe the sequence of evolutionary transformations and deduce a probable mechanism. We suggest that the increase in OH concentration provides the driving force for the increased growth rate along the 〈111〉 direction, while the exposed and otherwise unstable, polar {100} surfaces are stabilized through OH - adsorption or deprotonation of bound water. The progressive increase in basicity also leads to internal cracking that results in lattice expansion in the final CeO 2 particles. The tunable, size- and shape-selective formation of ceria nanoparticles offers advantages for catalytic applications.
Effects of a cocaine hydrolase engineered from human butyrylcholinesterase on metabolic profile of cocaine in rats

Accelerating cocaine metabolism through enzymatic hydrolysis at cocaine benzoyl ester is recognized as a promising therapeutic approach for cocaine abuse treatment. Our more recently designed A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G mutant of human BChE, denoted as cocaine hydrolase-3 (CocH3), has a considerably improved catalytic efficiency against cocaine and has been proven active in blocking cocaine-induced toxicity and physiological effects. In the present study, we have further characterized the effects of CocH3 on the detailed metabolic profile of cocaine in rats administrated intravenously (IV) with 5 mg/kg cocaine, demonstrating that IV administration of 0.15 mg/kg CocH3 dramatically changed the metabolic profile of cocaine. Without CocH3 administration, the dominant cocaine-metabolizing pathway in rats was cocaine methyl ester hydrolysis to benzoylecgonine (BZE). With the CocH3 administration, the dominant cocaine-metabolizing pathway in rats became cocaine benzoyl ester hydrolysis to ecgonine methyl ester (EME), and the other two metabolic pathways (i.e. cocaine methyl ester hydrolysis to BZE and cocaine oxidation to norcocaine) became insignificant. The CocH3-catalyzed cocaine benzoyl ester hydrolysis to EME was so efficient such that the measured maximum blood cocaine concentration (∼38 ng/ml) was significantly lower than the threshold blood cocaine concentration (∼72 ng/ml) required to produce any measurable physiological effects.
Research and Application of Power Grid Enterprise Application Integration

Application integration is an important component of the "SG186 Project" of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC).This paper reviews the achievements of application integration in SGCC in the period of "Eleventh Five-year Plan",and introduces in details the typical design of application integration and the implementation of the integration of core business applications based on the typical design.The implementation results prove that application integration can effectively solve the problem of "information island" and achieve information sharing and business integration between different application systems.
Relationship between genetic variation in encoding region of 12-lipoxygenase gene and risk of stomach cancer

Objective: To investigate the association of Arg261Gln polymorphism in the coding region of 12-lipoxygenase(LOX12) gene with the risk of developing stomach cancer.Methods: The LOX12 genotypes in 148 patients with gastric cancer and 148 cancer-free controls were determined by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).e association between the genotypes and risk of developing gastric cancer was estimated by logistic regression model.Results: e allele frequency for LOX12 Arg261Gln in gastric cancer patients(0.544) was higher than that of the normal controls(0.443).Compared with the Arg/Arg genotype carriers,the risk of developing gastric cancer was increased in Gln/Gln genotype carriers(OR=2.26,95%CI=1.15–4.46,P=0.018),while those with the heterozygous genotype Arg/Gln showed no increased risk of developing gastric cancer(OR=1.37,95%CI=0.77–2.44,P=0.284).Conclusion: e inherited polymorphisms of Arg261Gln in LOX12 gene encoding region may confer genetic susceptibility to development of stomach cancer.
Formal Security Verification of Virtual Environment in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is an emerging utilization mode for computation and storage resources,and receives wide application in IT fields for its low cost and high efficiency.However,as a key component of cloud computing,the security of virtualization directly affects the security performance of cloud computing.Currently the most frequently-used method for verification of cloud virtual environment is traditionally coverage-based and could not ensure the correctness in theory.By combining model checking technique in formal methods with cloud computing,three steps of configuration gathering,requirement analysis and property verification are performed,thus to complete the highly-covered verification of the virtualization security.Simulation on the virtual environment indicates that this method is feasible and applicable.
Electron microscopic studies of intestinal lesions. I. Aminopterin-induced lesions in mice.

Summary Spruelike lesions of the small intestine of mice induced by 4-aminopteroylglutamic acid (aminopterin) were studied cytologically. The mice were divided into 3 groups in each of which they received identical daily doses for a period of 1 to 10 days. One group of 20 mice was sacrificed without previous starvation. Two groups were starved for 36 hours before death. One of the latter,groups received 2 mg. of tetracyclinetwice a day via gastric tube. Appropriate controls were used. The histopathologic course of the syndrome is characterized by the arrest of mitosis and subsequent sloughing of epithelial cells with denudation of atrophic villi. After this phase new flat epithelial cells appear, structurally very much altered and containing fat droplets. In the final phase the surface epithelium seems to "adapt" gradually to the daily administration of the drug acquiring an appearance approaching that of normal. The observations and analysis of the intestinal lesions in this experimental "sprue" may provide insight into some of the mechanisms involved in human sprue. This study may also aid in the interpretation of some of the cytologic findings in human sprue and suggest a rationale for prophylactic antibiotic therapy in humans receiving antifols.
Electrical Impedance Myography and Quantitative Ultrasound Detect Steroid Related Improvements in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (I4.003)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether electrical impedance myography (EIM) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) can detect the beneficial effect of corticosteroids in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). BACKGROUND: We recently completed a 2-year natural history study of EIM and QUS in boys with DMD; a small subset of boys was initiated corticosteroids during the study. Given the beneficial impact of corticosteroids in DMD, these boys’ data were analyzed separately to determine if EIM and QUS could detect a steroid effect. DESIGN/METHODS: Of the boys with DMD who were enrolled, 4 who had at least one visit before starting steroids and at least 2 visits after were identified. For each, the EIM and QUS data for multiple muscles was analyzed. In addition, the Northstar Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) was performed. Data for both EIM and QUS were collected on 6 different muscles unilaterally including, deltoid, biceps, forearm flexors, quadriceps, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius). Given the small number of subjects, formal statistical analysis was not performed. The data are presented as mean (range). RESULTS: Both EIM and QUS showed improvement in the months following initiation of corticosteroids. Specifically, the 6-muscle average EIM reactance ratio increased by 20.5[percnt] (11[percnt]-31.5[percnt]) and the 6-muscle QUS grays scale level decreased by 12.2[percnt] (6.9[percnt]-15[percnt]). These improvements were consistent with those observed in NSAA, which improved by 17.5[percnt] (3.2[percnt]-40[percnt]) for three patients on whom it was performed. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that EIM and QUS appear to be sensitive to corticosteroid effects in boys with DMD, mirroring the functional improvements that are typically observed in the months following corticosteroid initiation. More importantly, it suggests that both of these approaches to muscle assessment could play useful roles as pharmacodynamic biomarkers in future early phase clinical therapeutic trials. Study Supported by: Grant R01AR060850 from the National Institutes of Health. Disclosure: Dr. Rutkove holds stock and/or stock options in Skulpt, Inc. Dr. Zaidman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pasternak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Madabusi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Szelag has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harrington has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pacheck has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kapur has nothing to disclose. Dr. Darras has received personal compensation for activities with UpToDate, Inc., Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Athena Diagnostics as a consultant.
The Polis Codesign Framework

The POLIS codesign framework is a collection of related tools that help the designer to take behavioral specifications all the way down to actual implementations. The target applications of POLIS are control dominated embedded systems such as automotive control systems and ATM switches. There is no fixed target architecture per se. Designers are free to utilize architectures consisting of any number of computational resources connecting through simple interface generated automatically by POLIS. The designs in POLIS are implemented as Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) systems. The designer breaks his design first into a set of hierarchical interacting networks. The lowest (leaf) elements in the hierarchy are extended finite state machines called Codesign Finite State Machines (CFSMs). These CFSMs also correspond to the smallest units that can be assigned to computational resources. Each CFSM is locally synchronous, while the interaction between CFSMs is asynchronous.
Working with Zdzisław Pawlak - personal reminiscences

This paper accompanies panel contribution of the author to the session devoted to personal reminiscences of Professor Zdzislaw Pawlak, a computer scientist and engineer. In particular we discuss some aspects of the work of Pawlak and researchers in his circle of collaborators in 1960ies, and especially, 1970ies. Given the lack of archival materials, the author bases this writing on personal recollections which may, at places, be imprecise.
Behavioral manifestations of audiometrically-defined “slight” or “hidden” hearing loss revealed by measures of binaural detection

This study assessed whether audiometrically-defined “slight” or “hidden” hearing losses might be associated with degradations in binaural processing as measured in binaural detection experiments employing interaurally delayed signals and maskers. Thirty-one listeners participated, all having no greater than slight hearing losses (i.e., no thresholds greater than 25 dB HL). Across the 31 listeners and consistent with the findings of Bernstein and Trahiotis [(2015). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138, EL474–EL479] binaural detection thresholds at 500 Hz and 4 kHz increased with increasing magnitude of interaural delay, suggesting a loss of precision of coding with magnitude of interaural delay. Binaural detection thresholds were consistently found to be elevated for listeners whose absolute thresholds at 4 kHz exceeded 7.5 dB HL. No such elevations were observed in conditions having no binaural cues available to aid detection (i.e., “monaural” conditions). Partitioning and analyses of the data revealed that those elevated thresholds (1) were more attributable to hearing level than to age and (2) result from increased levels of internal noise. The data suggest that listeners whose high-frequency monaural hearing status would be classified audiometrically as being normal or “slight loss” may exhibit substantial and perceptually meaningful losses of binaural processing.
Heart rate dependency of JT interval sections

Abstract Background Little experience exists with the heart rate correction of J-Tpeak and Tpeak-Tend intervals. Methods In a population of 176 female and 176 male healthy subjects aged 32.3 ± 9.8 and 33.1 ± 8.4 years, respectively, curve-linear and linear relationship to heart rate was investigated for different sections of the JT interval defined by the proportions of the area under the vector magnitude of the reconstructed 3D vectorcardiographic loop. Results The duration of the JT sub-section between approximately just before the T peak and almost the T end was found heart rate independent. Most of the JT heart rate dependency relates to the beginning of the interval. The duration of the terminal T wave tail is only weakly heart rate dependent. Conclusions The Tpeak-Tend is only minimally heart rate dependent and in studies not showing substantial heart rate changes does not need to be heart rate corrected. For any correction formula that has linear additive properties, heart rate correction of JT and JTpeak intervals is practically the same as of the QT interval. However, this does not apply to the formulas in the form of Int/RR a since they do not have linear additive properties.