cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demographic Inference Via Knowledge Transfer in Cross-Domain Recommender Systems

User demographics such as age and gender are very useful in recommender systems for applications such as personalization services and marketing, but may not always be available for individual users. Existing approaches can infer users' private demographics based on ratings, given labeled data from users who share demographics. However, such labeled information is not always available in many e-commerce services, particularly small online retailers and most media sites, for which no user registration is required. We introduce a novel probabilistic matrix factorization model for demographic transfer that enables knowledge transfer from the source domain, in which users' ratings and the corresponding demographics are available, to the target domain, in which we would like to infer unknown user demographics from ratings. Our proposed method is based on two observations: (1) Items from different but related domains may share the same latent factors such as genres and styles, and (2) Users who share similar demographics are likely to prefer similar genres across domains. This approach can align latent factors across domains that share neither common users nor common items, associating user demographics with latent factors in a unified framework. Experiments on cross-domain datasets demonstrate that the proposed method consistently improves demographic classification accuracy over existing methods.
Spatio-temporal patterns of the oceanic conditions and nearshore marine community in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (New Jersey, USA)

Oceanic environmental conditions influence, shape, and control the geographical range, spatial distribution, abundance, and size composition of marine fauna. Water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, depth, and sediment type influence select fish life-history characteristics and community structure. Marine communities are vulnerable to major changes in environmental conditions, but the response and severity depends on various biological or ecological factors, such as resilience to stress or adaptation. Researchers around the world have predicted and documented numerous alterations in fish communities caused by ongoing significant physicochemical shifts associated with natural and potentially unnatural sources, but published studies describing the historical conditions are lacking for most regions around the world, including the coastal waters off New Jersey. Given the need to understand these processes, a multifaceted investigation was undertaken to describe, evaluate, and compare the oceanic conditions and nearshore marine fauna community off New Jersey during 1988 through 2015. Findings showed the oceanic conditions varied over time and space. Mean surface water temperature increased significantly about 0.6 °C per decade, mean salinity decreased about 1.3 psu per decade, and dissolved oxygen increased 0.09 mg/l per decade. Over 20.4 million fish and invertebrates (1,338.3 mt) representing 214 (water temperature preference classified) species (not including unidentified species) were collected within 15 strata (areas: 12-26) off the coast of New Jersey from 1988 to 2015. Three marine fauna water temperature preference groups (coldwater-adapted, warmwater-adapted, and subtropic-adapted) were identified in the study area. The main coldwater-adapted species collected were longfin squid (Loligo pealei) (n = 2, 225, 975), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) (n = 544, 032), and little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) (n = 316, 356), while Atlantic butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) (n = 2, 873, 138), scup (Stenotomus chrysops) (n = 1, 318, 569), and northern searobin (Prionotus carolinus) (n = 503, 230) represented the warmwater-adapted group. Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) (n = 9, 227, 960), striped anchovy (Anchoa hepsetus) (n = 245, 214), and Atlantic moonfish (Vomer setapinnis) (n = 38, 691) denoted the subtropic-adapted group. Subtropic-adapted species were the most abundant and coldwater-adapted were the least abundant water temperature preference group. The estimated abundance of coldwater-adapted species declined, warmwater-adapted species slightly increased, and subtropic-adapted species decreased with time, which suggest the environmental conditions are influencing and thereby shifting the marine community.
Parallel computing algorithm for real-time mapping between large-scale networks

In this paper, we propose a scalable massively-parallel algorithm to solve the general mapping problem in large-scale networks in real-time. The proposed parallel algorithm takes advantage of GPU architecture and launches millions of workers to calculate values on a target network simultaneously. Threads are managed through the SIMT execution model and target values are updated through atomic operations. Our experiments show the proposed algorithm can accomplish network mapping (find importance weights for links in a real-world large-scale shared-mobility network) with more than 2 million weights within 1.82 µs (microsecond-level), which is truly real-time. The algorithm performance suggests that mapping computations may no longer be the bottleneck in highly dynamic network-centered problems, as the computations can be completed faster than the solid state drive (SSD) read access latency. Compared to serial algorithms, the speedup is more than 12,000 times. The proposed algorithm is also scalable. Results on simulated data show that even when the network size grows exponentially, microsecond-level computing performance can still be obtained, and even more than 190,000 times speedup can be achieved. The proposed algorithm can serve as a cornerstone for ultra-fast processing of highly dynamic large-scale networks.
Clinical utility of structural connectomics in predicting memory in temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective To determine the predictive power of white matter neuronal networks (i.e., structural connectomes [SCs]) in discriminating memory-impaired patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) from those with normal memory. Methods T1- and diffusion MRI (dMRI), clinical variables, and neuropsychological measures of verbal memory were available for 81 patients with TLE. Prediction of memory impairment was performed with a tree-based classifier (XGBoost) for 4 models: (1) a clinical model including demographic and clinical features, (2) a hippocampal volume (HCV) model, (3) a tract model including 5 temporal lobe white matter association tracts derived from a dMRI atlas, and (4) an SC model based on dMRI. SCs were derived by extracting cortical-cortical connections from a temporal lobe subnetwork with probabilistic tractography. Principal component (PC) analysis was then applied to reduce the dimensionality of the SC, yielding 10 PCs. Multimodal models were also tested combining SCs and tracts with HCV. Each model was trained on 48 patients from 1 epilepsy center and tested on 33 patients from a different center. Results Multimodal models that included the SC + HCV model yielded the highest classification accuracy (81%; 0.90 sensitivity; 0.67 specificity), outperforming the clinical model (61%; p Conclusion SCs and tract-based models are stronger predictors of memory impairment in TLE than HCVs and clinical variables. However, SCs may provide additional information about local cortical-cortical connectivity contributing to memory that is not captured in large association tracts.
Modeling the corrosion of steel casing and the damage of well cement in a borehole system

Abstract This paper presents the effect of chloride-induced corrosion in an underground borehole system, specifically considering the steel casing and further damage to the surrounding cement. In the past four decades, oil well cement has been successfully used for underground construction. However, high concentrations of chloride ions gradually degrade the functionality and durability of well cement. Gasses and liquids can leak from deterioration caused by chloride ions, and thus motivate this study. The chemo-mechanical coupling diffusion model and a classical fracture mechanics model are applied. The model is validated with OPC concrete corrosion data from literature, and then applied to well cement using experimentally obtained material property data. The time when crack initiation, peak pressure, and complete fracture is reached in the model of the cement sheath provides a quantification of the expected service life of the borehole system.
Does Thymectomy Improve Outcomes in Patients with Nonthymomatous Myasthenia Gravis

Thymectomy in cases of nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis has undergone investigation from multiple angles over the past several decades. Though many of the early, retrospective trials suggested a clinical benefit in patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing thymectomy, the completion of the MGTX trial (a randomized, multi-centered, rater blinded trial) has provided the strongest possible evidence of a multi-dimensional benefit of thymectomy compared to medical therapy alone in acetylcholine-receptor antibody positive myasthenia gravis. This therapeutic benefit not only manifests in clinical parameters (e.g., decreased medication requirements and decreased subsequent hospitalizations), but also in quality-of-life metrics. Furthermore, recent studies have shown the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic, minimally-invasive thymectomy. To date, high-quality evidence only supports the routine use of thymectomy in patients 18–65 years of age with acetylcholine receptor positive myasthenia. There is no high-quality evidence to suggest this same benefit extends to acetylcholine-receptor antibody positive patients over 65 years of age, patients with ocular myasthenia, or patients with seronegative myasthenia. It is reasonable to consider and discuss thymectomy with patients that fall into one of these subgroups in cases of medically-refractory disease. Currently there is no data to support any benefit of thymectomy in patients with LRP4 or MuSK antibody positive myasthenia, thus, thymectomy is not recommended in these two subgroups.
Linking language features to clinical symptoms and multimodal imaging in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Background Abnormalities in the semantic and syntactic organization of speech have been reported in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. The current study seeks to examine whether such abnormalities are associated with changes in brain structure and functional connectivity in CHR individuals. Methods Automated natural language processing analysis was applied to speech samples obtained from 46 CHR and 22 healthy individuals. Brain structural and resting-state functional imaging data were also acquired from all participants. Sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) was used to ascertain patterns of covariation between linguistic features, clinical symptoms, and measures of brain morphometry and functional connectivity related to the language network. Results In CHR individuals, we found a significant mode of covariation between linguistic and clinical features (r = 0.73; p = 0.003), with negative symptoms and bizarre thinking covarying mostly with measures of syntactic complexity. In the entire sample, separate sCCAs identified a single mode of covariation linking linguistic features with brain morphometry (r = 0.65; p = 0.05) and resting-state network connectivity (r = 0.63; p = 0.01). In both models, semantic and syntactic features covaried with brain structural and functional connectivity measures of the language network. However, the contribution of diagnosis to both models was negligible. Conclusions Syntactic complexity appeared sensitive to prodromal symptoms in CHR individuals while the patterns of brain-language covariation seemed preserved. Further studies in larger samples are required to establish the reproducibility of these findings.
Select Antitumor Cytotoxic CD8+ T Clonotypes Expand in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib.

Purpose: In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is skewed and tumor-derived antigens are hypothesized as drivers of oligoclonal expansion. Ibrutinib, a standard treatment for CLL, inhibits not only Bruton tyrosine kinase of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, but also IL2-inducible kinase of the TCR signaling pathway. T-cell polarization and activation are affected by ibrutinib, but it is unknown whether T cells contribute to clinical response. Experimental Design: High-throughput TCRβ sequencing was performed in 77 longitudinal samples from 26 patients with CLL treated with ibrutinib. TCRβ usage in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and granzyme B expression were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Antitumor cytotoxicity of T cells expanded with autologous CLL cells or with antigen-independent anti-CD3/CD28/CD137 beads was tested. Results: The clonality of the TCR repertoire increased at the time of response. With extended treatment, TCR clonality remained stable in patients with sustained remission and decreased in patients with disease progression. Expanded clonotypes were rarely shared between patients, indicating specificity for private antigens. Flow cytometry demonstrated a predominance of CD8+ cells among expanded clonotypes. Importantly, bulk T cells from responding patients were cytotoxic against autologous CLL cells in vitro and selective depletion of major expanded clonotypes reduced CLL cell killing. Conclusions: In patients with CLL, established T-cell responses directed against tumor are suppressed by disease and reactivated by ibrutinib. See related commentary by Zent, p. 4465
Delayed primary closure (DPC) of the skin and subcutaneous tissues following complex, contaminated abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR): a propensity-matched study

Wound complications following abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) in a contaminated setting are common and significantly increase the risk of hernia recurrence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) followed by operative delayed primary closure (DPC) of the skin and subcutaneous tissue after AWR in a contaminated setting. A prospective institutional hernia database was queried for patients who underwent NPWT-assisted DPC after contaminated AWR between 2008 and 2020. Primary outcomes included wound complication rate and reopening of the incision. A non-DPC group was created using propensity-matching. Standard descriptive statistics were used, and a univariate analysis was performed between the DPC and non-DPC groups. In total, 110 patients underwent DPC following AWR. The hernias were on average large (188 ± 133.6 cm2), often recurrent (81.5%), and 60.5% required a components separation. All patients had CDC Class 3 (14.5%) or 4 (85.5%) wounds and biologic mesh placed. Using CeDAR, the wound complication rate was estimated to be 66.3%. Postoperatively, 26.4% patients developed a wound complication, but only 5.5% patients required reopening of the wound. The rate of recurrence was 5.5% with mean follow-up of 22.6 ± 27.1 months. After propensity-matching, there were 73 patients each in the DPC and non-DPC groups. DPC patients had fewer overall wound complications (23.0% vs 43.9%, p = 0.02). While 4.1% of the DPC group required reopening of the incision, 20.5% of patients in the non-DPC required reopening of the incision (p = 0.005) with an average time to healing of 150 days. Hernia recurrence remained low overall (2.7% vs 5.4%, p = 0.17). DPC can be performed with a high rate of success in complex, contaminated AWR patients by reducing the rate of wound complications and avoiding prolonged healing times. In patients undergoing AWR in a contaminated setting, a NPWT-assisted DPC should be considered.
Uncertainty Quantification Analysis On Silicon Electrodeposition Process via Numerical Simulation Methods

Silicon is one of the commonly used semiconductors for various industrial applications. Traditional silicon synthesis methods are often expansive and cannot meet the continuously growing demands for high-purity Si; electrodeposition is a promising and simple alternative. However, the electrodeposited products often possess nonuniform thicknesses due to various sources of uncertainty inherited from the fabrication process; to improve the quality of the coating products, it is crucial to better understand the influences of the sources of uncertainty. In this paper, uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis is performed on the silicon electrodeposition process to evaluate the impacts of various experimental operation parameters on the thickness variation of the coated silicon layer and to find the optimal experimental conditions. To mitigate the high experimental and computational cost issues, a Gaussian Process (GP) based surrogate model is constructed to conduct the UQ study with finite element (FE) simulation results as training data. It is found that the GP surrogate model can efficiently and accurately estimate the performance of the electrodeposition given certain experimental operation parameters. The results show that the electrodeposition process is sensitive to the geometric settings of the experiments, i.e. distance and area ratio between the counter and working electrodes; whereas other conditions, such as potential of the counter electrode, temperature and ion concentration in the electrolyte bath, are less important. Furthermore, the optimal operating condition to deposit silicon is proposed to minimize the thickness variation of the coated silicon layer and to enhance the reliability of the electrodeposition experiment.
An electronic origin to the oscillatory segregation behavior in Ni-Cr and other BCC defects in FCC metals

Abstract Ni-Cr alloys exhibit oscillatory segregation behaviors near low index surfaces, in which the preferred segregation species changes from Ni in the first layer to Cr in the second layer. In many dilute-alloy systems, this oscillatory pattern is attributed to the elastic release of stresses in the local lattice around the segregating solute or impurity atom. These stresses are mostly thought to originate from mismatches in the atomic size of the solute and host atoms. In Ni-Cr alloys, however, an appreciable mismatch in atomic size is not present, leading to questions about the origins of the oscillatory behavior in this alloy. Using density functional theory, we have modeled the segregation of a single Cr atom in the ( 100 ) and ( 111 ) surfaces of FCC Ni, an alloy which exhibits this oscillatory behavior. Using Bader charge analysis, we show that the negative energy correlates directly with the amount of charge on the Cr atom. As Ni atoms strip valence charge from the Cr, the Cr contracts slightly in size. The greatest contraction and highest positive charge for the Cr occurs when it is in the second layer of the surface where the system exhibits the oscillating negative segregation energy. We then find that this behavior persists in other alloy systems (Ag-Nb, Cu-Cr, Pt-Nb, and Pt-V), which exhibit similar atomic radii and electronegativity differences between host and solute to Ni-Cr. These represent alloys in which the host metal exhibits an FCC ground-state structure while the solute metal exhibits a BCC ground-state structure.
Chapter 21 – Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism

With the widespread use of the autoanalyzer, the predominant clinical phenotype of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) evolved from a highly symptomatic disorder characterized by multisystem disease with predominant renal and skeletal features, to one that most commonly lacks overt symptoms referable to its biochemical hallmarks, hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism. Asymptomatic PHPT, however, is not without specific and particular effects on target organs of the hyperparathyroid process. This chapter will review the diagnosis and biochemical profile of asymptomatic PHPT, the enlarging picture of skeletal involvement, as well as its effect on the other classical target organ, the kidney. Evidence for psychiatric and neurocognitive abnormalities, as well as cardiovascular manifestations, will be detailed. The natural history of asymptomatic PHPT with and without curative intervention (parathyroidectomy) will be described, with particular emphasis on the effects on the skeleton. Recognition of the newest clinical phenotype of PHPT, normocalcemic PHPT, which may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic, demonstrates the extent to which our understanding of the breadth of this disorder continues to expand and evolve.
Adoption of New Services – Consumer versus Organizational Buyer Attitudes and Intentions: An Exploratory Study

This paper examines the attitudes and intentions of two very diverse segments of the market, general consumers and organizational buyers, towards new services proposed by a general aviation airport. Data were collected from 800 households and 200 businesses to test differences. These differences related to the degree of positivity of attitudes and intentions towards the new services.
Retinal ischemic preconditioning in the rat: requirement for adenosine and repetitive induction.

PURPOSE. A brief period of ischemia can induce a remarkably complete state of ischemic tolerance in the retina, a phenomenon known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). The mechanisms of IPC were studied in the rat retina by examining the role of adenosine as a possible mediator and determining whether IPC protection could be induced more than once in the same rat. METHODS. Retinal ischemia was produced for 60 minutes in ketamine-xylazine-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, and recovery was measured using electroretinography. Twenty-four hours earlier, the IPC stimulus of 5 minutes of ischemia was applied. To test the role of adenosine as a mediator of IPC, the selective adenosine Al receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthin (DPCPX; 0.45 mg/kg, 2.25 mg/kg, or 4.5 mg/kg), the A2a antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC; 0.1 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg), or their cyclodextrin vehicle were administered 15 minutes before IPC. To examine whether exogenous adenosine administration could mimic IPC, animals received intravitreal injections of the adenosine Al receptor stimulant adenosine amine congener (ADAC) or the A2a stimulant CGS21680, followed by ischemia 24 hours later. To test the hypothesis that IPC could be induced repeatedly without loss of protection, rats were divided to receive IPC or sham IPC, followed 10 days later by IPC or a sham procedure, and 24 hours later by 60 minutes of ischemia. RESULTS. Adenosine Al receptor blockade with 4.5 mg/kg DPCPX administered intraperitoneally (IP) before or immediately after 5 minutes of ischemia completely blocked IPC protection, whereas lower doses resulted in partial blockade. CSC at the lowest dose (0.1 mg/kg) had no significant effect on IPC's protective effect, whereas partial blockade was found with 1.0 mg/kg CSC. Al or A2a receptor stimulation produced partial but significant mimicking of IPC protection, effects that were antagonized by DPCPX or CSC. Ischemic preconditioning applied twice, separated by 10 days, and followed by 60 minutes of ischemia 24 hours after the second IPC stimulus, resulted in nearly identical recovery of function after ischemia compared with IPC performed one time. CONCLUSIONS. Adenosine, acting through the Al and A2a receptors, is a critical component in the induction of ischemic tolerance after preconditioning in the retina. The neuroprotective effects of IPC in the retina are lost over time but may be reinduced by subsequent application of the IPC stimulus.
Rising Tide: Introduction: Explaining the Rising Tide of Gender Equality

During the late twentieth century, the issue of gender equality once again became a major issue on the global agenda. The UN Decade for Women, which ended in 1985, initiated the integration of women into development, triggering the formation of thousands of women's organizations and networking them across the world. The trend accelerated during the following decade. In 1993, the Vienna World Conference proclaimed that women's rights were human rights; in 1994, the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development placed women's empowerment and health at the center of sustainable development programs. Two years later, the Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women adopted a platform seeking to promote and protect the full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all women. Although there has been substantial progress toward gender equality in much of the world, great disparities persist, as systematic indicators demonstrate. In many places, most women's lives remain wretched. Afghanistan was among the most oppressive regimes, with women and girls living under an extreme version of Islamic law introduced by the Taliban. They were denied education, barred from the workplace, and unable to venture out in public without a male companion and the full head-to-toe covering of the burqa . They suffered from limited access to health care, including laws forbidding treatment of women by male doctors, and pervasive threats of domestic and state-legitimated violence.
Perceiving the Black Female Body: Race and Gender in Police Constructions of Body Weight

Representations of Black women in United States popular culture and public discourse frequently depict them stereotypically as fat and in need of policing for moral failures. As well, research has shown that Black women are perceived and constructed as non-prototypical for their gender. Taken together, observers within a White dominant social frame could be said to have difficulty correctly seeing Black women's bodies and gender presentations. In this study we examined how Black women are seen in the context of New York City Police Department (NYPD) stops and searches (known as Stop & Frisk). We examined how officers categorized Black women's body weight; investigated whether stops took place in public or private space; and assessed the extent to which body weight brought additional sanctions (i.e., being frisked). We used publicly available datasets from the NYPD's Stop & Frisk program, in which stops numbering in the hundreds of thousands were recorded in yearly databases from 2003 to 2012. For each stop, officers record a number of attributes about the potential suspect and context, including race, gender, physique, date, and precinct. We conducted logistic regressions to model the odds of being categorized as heavy by race and gender, controlling for age, calculated BMI, location in a Black precinct, and season of the year. Results showed that across 10 years of data, Black women were more likely than White women to be labeled heavy. Black women were also much more likely than all other subgroups to be stopped inside rather than outside. Body size showed little association with stop locations or frisks. We interpret these findings as a reflection of Black women's positioning with regard to racial and gender representations and the disciplinary projects of the state.
The Ultrafast Photonics Collaboration (UPC)

The Ultrafast Photonics Collaboration (UPC) is a recently funded Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration with the aim of exploiting novel photonic technologies for ultrafast data communications networks. This paper discusses the nature of the collaboration and outlines the scientific programme.
Peptide-surface modification of poly(caprolactone) with laminin-derived sequences for adipose-derived stem cell applications

Human adipose tissue has been recognized as a source of adult stem cells for tissue engineering applications such as bone, cartilage, and soft tissue repair. For the success of these tissue-engineering approaches, a cell delivery vehicle such as a hydrogel or scaffold is required to position the stem cells at the site of need. Surface modification techniques have been instrumental in the development of scaffolds that promote cell-surface interactions. In this study, poly(caprolactone) (PCL), surfaces were modified in order to promote the attachment and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). RGD, YIGSR, and IKVAV peptide sequences derived from the extracellular matrix protein laminin were each covalently attached to an aminated polymer surface using carbodiimide chemistry. The surface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), goniometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The attachment and proliferation of ASCs was assessed on the different peptide-treated surfaces. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of the peptide sequences on the surface of the polymer as indicated by the increase in the nitrogen/carbon ratio on the surface of the polymer. Among all peptide sequences tested, IKVAV-treated surfaces had a significantly greater number of ASCs bound 2 and 3 days after cell seeding. SEM confirmed differences in the morphology of the cells attached to the three peptide-treated surfaces. These results indicate that IKVAV is a suitable peptide sequence for use in surface modification techniques aimed at improving the attachment of ASCs to a tissue-engineered scaffold.
Abstract 1653: Genetic variation in the vitamin D pathway and risk for colorectal cancer in African Americans

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes in the United States. There is a large disparity in both CRC incidence and survival between African Americans (AAs) and all other US racial groups. Differences in serum vitamin D levels could contribute to this disparity because vitamin D is thought to protect against CRC and AAs have lower serum vitamin D levels. In addition, genetic variants in vitamin D-related genes could modify the association between vitamin D levels and CRC risk. Methods: We tested for associations between CRC and 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitamin D-related genes (CYP27A1, GC, CYP3A4, CYP2R1, DHCR7/NADSYN1, VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1). We genotyped 357 AAs cases and 443 AA controls from the North Carolina Colorectal Cancer Study. We calculated odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression, assuming an additive genetic model and controlling for age, gender, and ancestry. We also analyzed SNP associations for colon and rectal cancer cases separately. We analyzed linkage disequilibrium and haplotype association using Haploview. Results: Associations (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1653. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1653
The word problem for Smullyan's lark combinator is decidable

We show that the problem of deciding whether two applicative combinations of Smullyan's L combinator are equal is solvable.
A Comparison of two Properties of Hints in Individual Problem Solving.

(1969). A Comparison of two Properties of Hints in Individual Problem Solving. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 3-21.
Techniques For Time Resolved Spectroscopy With Image Detectors

The second generation Optical Multichannel Analyzer (OMA 2(r)) combines a general purpose optical signal processing computer with self scanned array and vidicon detectors. The basic instrument configuration is suitable for time resolved spectroscopy in the picosecond, nanosecond, microsecond, and millisecond time regimes. This work reviews the way this instrument system has been used in these time resolution areas. Emphasis is on new techniques for streak camera picosecond analysis, microsecond analysis with mechanical scanning, and millisecond time resolved spectra with both vidicon and self scanned Reticon (r) detectors.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Multiplicity of Neglect Phenomena

Abstract Neglect for the extrapersonal space is not a disorder of seeing, hearing, or moving but one of looking, detecting, listening, and exploring. It is said to be present when the impact of sensory events upon conscious (explicit) behaviours displays a spatially-addressed bias that cannot be attributed entirely to elementary sensory-motor deficits such as weakness, clumsiness, or poor acuity. In clinical practice. the more dramatic manifestations of neglect occur within the left side of the extrapersonal space in patients with right hemisphere damage. The distribution of left neglect can display retinocentric, cephalocentric, or somatocentric coordinates and can shift from one coordinate to another in the same individual, usually gravitating towards the coordinates that maximise the extent of neglect. On occasion, an allocentric, object-centred component can also emerge, so that the patient neglects not only the left hemispace but also the left side of sensory events in the right hemispace. Neglect ca...
Developing Planning Perspectives to Explain Parent‐Child Interaction Patterns in Physically Abusive Families

Although a growing body of research documents important links between parent-child interaction and child physical abuse, these studies are being conducted primarily by scholars from outside the field of communication. This commentary explores how theories of plans and planning might help explain patterns of parent-child interaction that typify physically abusive families. I consider 4 potential links between plans-planning processes and child physical abuse, specifically, differences between physically abusive and nonabusive parents' plan complexity, plan confidence, on-line planning, and plan modification. By extending current theories of plans and planning to analyze child physical abuse, communication scholars interested in message production can contribute to interdisciplinary efforts aimed at understanding, and responding to, a major societal problem.
Relationships between organics, water and early stages of aqueous alteration in the pristine CR3.0 chondrite MET 00426

Abstract In order to investigate the nature of organics at the time of their accretion into chondrite parent bodies, as well as their subsequent evolution with aqueous alteration, we have conducted a study of the morphologies, spatial distribution and relationships between organic particles and the surrounding matrix phases in one of the most pristine carbonaceous chondrites currently known (MET 00426, CR), which is therefore likely to contain the best preserved record of pre-accretion features. Focused ion beam sections were extracted for transmission electron microscope observations from its matrix. Organic matter (OM) shows a heterogeneous population of grains, most of them smaller than 1 μm. Diverse morphologies are observed, such as compact, rounded aggregates, individual and aggregated nanoglobules, and micron- to nanometer-sized veins. A common feature is the systematic presence of cracks connected to the grains and filled with OM. The surrounding matrix groundmass consists of amorphous iron-rich silicate particles intimately mixed with phyllosilicates, sulfides and occasional tochilinite, with sizes ranging from several hundreds of nanometers to below 10 nm. A close spatial relationship is commonly observed between some of the organic matter particles and alteration phases, such as tochilinite and phyllosilicates. Phyllosilicates sometimes occur intimately intercalated with organic matter at a scale below 10 nm. We used TEM/EDS techniques to quantify the water concentration in the matrix amorphous silicate material and the phyllosilicates. The water contents of both materials are identical at 10 (±6) wt.% H 2 O and demonstrate, that the amorphous silicate material in this meteorite is hydrated. Therefore, even though these CR3.0 chondrites are the least altered objects from a mineralogical point of view, their matrices contain significant amounts of water in the amorphous silicate. This coupled in situ study of organics and aqueous alteration suggests that a significant population of the OM accreted as a mixture of soluble and insoluble molecules together with water ice grains and that the OM was mobile at the micrometer scale. The spatial distribution of the OM grains can therefore, in part, be attributed to parent body processes. We suggest that as accreted ice melted, hydration of the amorphous silicates and formation of tochilinite and phyllosilicates occurred in the immediate vicinity of the composite water ice/organic matter grains. The water-soluble component of the organics was likely transported and redistributed in the surrounding porosity (cracks, grain boundaries) as water circulated. The textural settings suggest that some of the OM material could have been polymerized during aqueous alteration and transformed into insoluble molecules, perhaps during the last stages of alteration as water was consumed by silicate hydration reactions.
An Inverse Method for P-Mode Scattering Measurements

Observations of acoustic waves propagating into and out of solar active regions (Braun, Duvall, and LaBonte, 1987a, b) show that for moderately large horizontal wavenumbers, sunspots may absorb as much as 50% of the acoustic energy incident on them. If the absorption process can be parameterized adequately, it should be possible to use such observations to learn something about the subsurface structure of magnetized regions. One way to do this is to treat the inhomogeneities seen by the propagating sound waves as a collection of point scatterers. Starting from this approximation, and assuming that multiple scattering is unimportant, it is possible to use the ingoing and outgoing wave fields observed at the solar surface to infer a 3-dimensional map of the active region structure. The inversion technique used to do this is a departure from usual practice in helioseismology, in that the input data it requires are mode amplitudes and phases, not frequencies. An advantage resulting from this difference is that one can attain high spatial resolution (comparable to the local acoustic wavelength) with small noise amplification.
Terminal Differentiation of RBL-2H3 cells in vitro

RBL-2H3 cells are neoplastically transformed cells that express some phenotypic characteristic of mature mast cells (MC) including the FceR1 type IgE receptor. Mature rat MC’s are composed of mucosal mast cell (MMC) and connective tissue mast cell (CTMC) subpopulations. MMC and CTMC are functionally distinguished by responsiveness to extracellular ligands that elicit secretion. RBL cells can transdifferentiate to the CTMC phenotype by treatment with quercetin (Q), a broad spectrum kinase inhibitor. Preliminary experiments in our lab have demonstrated that high concentrations of Q (30-60 μM) does not cause terminal differentiation as determined by a high cloning efficiency (nearly control efficiency) of RBL-2H3. In this study we examined the effects of butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, upon growth, morphology, and terminal differentiation of RBL–2H3 cells in vitro. Butyrate was chosen since it is known to induce differentiation of transformed cells in vitro. Our goal is to understand the loss of proliferative capacity as a component of commitment to terminal differentiation.
Bronchiolitis: An Evidence-Based Approach to Management

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness in infancy for which there is a great deal of clinical practice variation, leading to costly resource utilization without clear evidence for benefit. Recent literature has focused on developing a broad base of evidence through systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This review will focus on this literature as it relates to pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies and other management decisions. In addition, it will highlight some emerging evidence regarding the management of bronchiolitis and innovative new therapies.
Physician authority for unilateral DNR orders.

(1991). Physician authority for unilateral DNR orders. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 115-165.
Development and evaluation of an articulated registration algorithm for human skeleton registration

Accurate registration over multiple scans is necessary to assess treatment response of bone diseases (e.g. metastatic bone lesions). This study aimed to develop and evaluate an articulated registration algorithm for the whole-body skeleton registration in human patients. In articulated registration, whole-body skeletons are registered by auto-segmenting into individual bones using atlas-based segmentation, and then rigidly aligning them. Sixteen patients (weight = 80-117 kg, height = 168-191 cm) with advanced prostate cancer underwent the pre- and mid-treatment PET/CT scans over a course of cancer therapy. Skeletons were extracted from the CT images by thresholding (HU>150). Skeletons were registered using the articulated, rigid, and deformable registration algorithms to account for position and postural variability between scans. The inter-observers agreement in the atlas creation, the agreement between the manually and atlas-based segmented bones, and the registration performances of all three registration algorithms were all assessed using the Dice similarity index-DSIobserved, DSIatlas, and DSIregister. Hausdorff distance (dHausdorff) of the registered skeletons was also used for registration evaluation. Nearly negligible inter-observers variability was found in the bone atlases creation as the DSIobserver was 96 ± 2%. Atlas-based and manual segmented bones were in excellent agreement with DSIatlas of 90 ± 3%. Articulated (DSIregsiter = 75 ± 2%, dHausdorff = 0.37 ± 0.08 cm) and deformable registration algorithms (DSIregister = 77 ± 3%, dHausdorff = 0.34 ± 0.08 cm) considerably outperformed the rigid registration algorithm (DSIregsiter = 59 ± 9%, dHausdorff = 0.69 ± 0.20 cm) in the skeleton registration as the rigid registration algorithm failed to capture the skeleton flexibility in the joints. Despite superior skeleton registration performance, deformable registration algorithm failed to preserve the local rigidity of bones as over 60% of the skeletons were deformed. Articulated registration is superior to rigid and deformable registrations by capturing global flexibility while preserving local rigidity inherent in skeleton registration. Therefore, articulated registration can be employed to accurately register the whole-body human skeletons, and it enables the treatment response assessment of various bone diseases.
Membrane fragments from cultured endothelial cells for use in screening anti-FGF receptor antibodies

Endothelial cell properties may be studied by either detecting their functional activity or immunologic reactivity. Antibodies against the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor may help delineate signal transduction pathways involved in the proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis. This paper describes membrane fragment preparation from cultured coronary venular endothelial cells for obtaining intact FGF receptors for the assay of the anti-receptor antibodies.
Circadian rhythmicity and behavioral depression: II. Effects of lighting schedules.

Abstract Two studies explore the relationship between rhythmicity and behavioral depression. Behavioral depression was induced using inescapable footshock, and assessed by measuring subsequent responses to escapable shock, in rats housed under different light-dark conditions. Experiment 1 compared escape performance in free-running and entrained animals following inescapable shock. Free-running and entrained animals did not exhibit differential vulnerability to the effects of inescapable shock. In addition, there were no systematic effects on phase following shock. However, several free-running animals showed increased circadian period following shock, and lengthening of period was significantly correlated with escape performance. Individual differences in baseline period or phase were not predictive of escape performance. In Experiment 2, “aftereffects” of entrainment to long or short light-dark cycles were utilized to create groups of animals with long or short free-running periods. After the administration of inescapable shock, escape performance was tested. There were no significant differences among experimental groups in escape performance. These results suggest that plasticity of circadian period, but not baseline period per se, may be associated with the ability to adapt to environmental challenges.
Neuropsychological deficits among older depressed patients with predominantly psychological or vegetative symptoms

Depressed outpatients having primarily psychological or vegetative symptoms, as defined by the factor analytically developed Hamilton Depression Scale superfactors described by Rhoades and Overall (1983), were compared with similarly aged normal controls on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The vegetative group evidenced poorer performance than controls on several measures associated with right hemisphere functioning and on a task associated with executive functioning. In contrast, the psychological group did not significantly differ from controls on any measure, and had significantly better performance than the vegetative group on several tasks. These findings suggest that neuropsychological deficits associated with depression may be limited to those patients with primarily vegetative symptoms.
Effect of Deprotection Extent on Swelling and Dissolution Regimes of Thin Polymer Films

The response of unentangled polymer thin films to aqueous hydroxide solutions is measured as a function of increasing weakly acidic methacrylic acid comonomer content produced by an in situ reaction-diffusion process. Quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements are used to identify four regimes: (I) nonswelling, (II) quasiequilibrium swelling, (III) swelling coupled with partial film dissolution, and (IV) film dissolution. These regimes result from chemical heterogeneity in local composition of the polymer film. The acid-catalyzed deprotection of a hydrophobic group to the methacrylic acid tends to increase the hydrophilic domain size within the film. This nanoscale structure swells in aqueous base by ionization of the methacrylic acid groups. The swollen film stability, however, is determined by the hydrophobic matrix that can act as physical cross-links to prevent dissolution of the polyelectrolyte chains. These observations challenge current models of photoresist film dissolution that do not include the effects of swelling and partial film dissolution on image quality.
The origin of the germ cells in Amblystoma maculatum

This study is based upon a close series of ontogenetic stages from cleavage until after metamorphosis. The so-called primordial germ cells, first differentiated in the lateral mesoderm, are traced to a definitive position in the genital anlagen. Careful counts of these demonstrated that they exist in larger numbers in the younger stages and that few of them ever reach the genital anlagen where they may form a small portion of the propagative cells. Evidence is presented that the majority of the germ cells are of somatic origin. From the earliest appearance of the indifferent gonad certain cells in the germinal epithelium have been observed which were increasing markedly in size and undergoing the various changes necessary in the transformation of small cuboidal or spindle-shaped peritoneal cells with oval nuclei into large germ cells with immense polymorphic or lobate nuclei. These cells are abundant in all older individuals. All the successive stages in the evolution of a somatic cell into a reproductive cell, involving as it does an increase in size, changes in shape, and a new distribution of chromatin material, are demonstrated.
DOES DEVELOPMENT MAKE YOU HAPPY? SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES*

The evidence for any relationship between GDP/capita growth and growth in subjective wellbeing (SWB) in wealthier countries is disputed, at best. However, there are a number of reasons commonly articulated for thinking the relationship should be stronger in less developed countries (LDCs). This paper looks at both reasons for expecting the relationship to be stronger in developing countries, and those for a weak link that might still apply in LDCs. Finally, it turns to a limited data set to see what that might tell us. The results suggest that, at least in middle-income countries, there is little strong evidence in favor of a connection between economic growth and SWB.