cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermopower of GdIn3 and YbAl3

YbAl3 is a mixed valent system for which temperature independent and temperature dependent models of the Yb 3+ fraction have been proposed. An enlarged spin‐disorder contribution to thermopower in associated with a temperature dependent model. The thermopower of GdIn3, an alloy which is isostructural to YbAl3 and which is expected to have large spin‐disorder effects associated with the Gd, has been measured and found to have small spin‐disorder effects. Interpolating these findings to YbAl3 indicates that the spin‐disorder contribution is about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that required by the proposed temperature dependence for the Yb 3+ fraction.
The Value of Information Given Decision Flexibility

This paper explores the effect of decision flexibility on the value of information. The usefulness of calculating the value of information under various assumptions concerning decision flexibility is illustrated with a simple economic example. An upper limit to the value of information given some level of flexibility is the expected value of perfect information given undiminished flexibility EVPIGUF. By approximating an arbitrary smooth value function with a quadratic equation, first order characteristics of the EVPIGUF are identified. Finally, it is shown that sensitivity analysis can be used as a basis for obtaining simplified approximations for EVPIGUF's.
A PRESCRIPTION FOR GENERATING A NEW PARADIGM IN THE CONTEXT OF SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY

. Many centers are now active in the study of the interaction between science on the one hand and theology on the other. Suggestions are made as to how such study might be furthered. The central proposal in this paper is based on the author's experience in founding and, over many years, operating the Neurosciences Research Program (NRP). The “faculty” of this group were highly competent in many fields of science and were able to deal with many of the major issues. It is here further suggested that if an NRP-like organization were established, capable of productively interacting with both science and theology, it might well generate new concepts and possibly a new paradigm in this context.
Copolymers of unsaturated and saturated poly(ether ester amide)s: Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation

A series of biodegradable random unsaturated/saturated poly(ether ester amide)s copolymers (USPEEAs) were synthesized by an active solution polycondensation of unsaturated and saturated dicarboxylic acid-based diester monomers with diamine salts of phenylalanine and saturated oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG). These USPEEA copolymers were obtained with fairly good yields in DMA solvent. The chemical structures of the USPEEA copolymers were confirmed by both IR and NMR spectra. The molecular weights (Mn and Mw) of USPEEAs measured by GPC ranged from 3 to 27 kg/mol with the molecular weight distribution (MWD) ranging from 1.52 to 2.13. USPEEA copolymers obtained had Tg lower than that of the pure UPEEAs but higher than that of pure saturated poly(ether ester amide)s (SPEEA). An increase in the unsaturated component in USPEEAs led to an increase in their Tg. A preliminary in vitro biodegradation property of USPEEA copolymers were investigated in both pure PBS buffer and α-chymotrypsin solutions. The USPEEA copolymers showed a pronounced weight loss in enzyme solutions, but a smaller weight loss in a pure PBS. The biodegradation rates of USPEEA copolymers in α-chymotrypsin solution were much slower than those of pure PEEAs. Therefore, upon adjusting monomers feed ratio, USPEEA copolymers could have controlled chemical, physical, and biodegradation properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Industrial alcohol production via whey and grain fermentation

Six strains of a trained lactose fermenting Kluyveromyces yeast were examined for their ability to utilise lactose in sweet-whey permeate. All strains of K. fragilis tested reduced the concentration of the 5·1% lactose, initially present in whey permeate, to 0·1 – 0·2% within 48 h. Periodic adjustment to maintain the pH during fermentation did not alter the lactose utilisation. The fermentation efficiency of K. fragilis was then compared with that of a mixture of K. fragilis and the classical alcohol fermenter Saccharomyces cerevisiae to verify that no unfavourable interactions occurred in the mixed culture. There were no differences in lactose utilisation or ethanol production between the two groups; both produced approximately 2% ethanol within 24 h. This represented approximately 80% of the alcohol which theoretically could be produced from the 5·1% lactose present in the permeate. Whey permeate was also incorporated into the classical grain fermentation by substitution for one-half the water normally added to produce the mash. Fermentation was nearly complete by 36 h and alcohol levels ranged from 9·7% for the mixed culture to 9·4% for the K. fragilis and 9·3% for the S. cerevisiae. Since the whey provided significant levels of fermentable sugars, studies were also conducted in which undiluted whey permeate was substituted for all of the water in the mash and the amount of grain was reduced by 20%. At the end of 36 h K. fragilis produced 10·9% alcohol and at 60 h of fermentation the level reached 12·2%. When whole sweet-whey or whole acid-whey was used, similar levels of alcohol were produced.
Frustrated Total Internal Reflection and Application of Its Principle to Laser Cavity Design

A general treatment of the phenomenon of frustrated total internal reflection is presented and numerical results are given which are related to cavity resonator design parameters. A minimum loss, minimum alignment requirement resonator is described offering a maximum of versatility. Experimental results of quasi-cw and single-pulse Q switching with a ruby optical maser are presented.
Ultrastructural Characteristics of Monkey Spermatogonia and Preleptotene Spermatocytes

With the aim of defining distinctive morphological characteristics of spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes in monkey, we have correlated light and electron microscopic observations on adjacent thick and thin sections. On the basis of their ultrastructure itispossible to distinguish preleptotene spermatocytes (PL), dark type A (Ad), pale type A (Ap) and type B spermatogonia (B).The criteria used for the identification include their cellular and nuclear sizes, the shape of the cells,the amount of organelles, and especially, the nuclearstainingcharacteristics and chromatin patterns. Type A dark spermatogonia possess an oblong nucleus containing a deeply stained chromatin in contrast with the pale nuclei which stain very lightly. The staining pattern of some of the type A appears intermediate; thus, they could all not be categorized into Ad or Ap. The type B spermatogonia are round cellswith an increased amount of heterochromatin close to the nuclear envelope. Preleptotene spermatocytes are smaller both in cellular and in nuclear diameter than the type B spermatogonia and their nucleoplasm consists of irregular patches of con
A nursing practice paradigm for depressed rural women: The women's affective illness treatment program

Major depressive disorder (MDD) results from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that act as historical and contemporary antecedents. To promote and maintain recovery from depression women with MDD must understand their depression risk, act to reduce symptoms, and maintain a lifetime program of relapse prevention. This requires self-care skills including self-assessment, stress response reduction, and health behavior modification. The Women's Affective Illness Treatment Program (WAIT) is a skill-based depression recovery program that addresses the complex cause of major depressive disorder in women. WAIT is based on the Nursing Practice Paradigm described in a previously published article.
The impact of decreasing U.S. hip fracture rates on future hip fracture estimates

Summary We examined age- and sex-specific hip fracture hospitalization rates among people aged 65 and older using 1990–2010 National Hospital Discharge Survey data. Trends calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis suggest that future increases in hip fractures due to the aging population will be largely offset by decreasing hip fracture rates among women. However, this trend will be counterbalanced by rising numbers of hip fractures among men.
IKKβ Activation Is Sufficient for RANK-Independent Osteoclast Differentiation and Osteolysis

Monocytes differentiate into osteoclasts through stimulation of receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK). Many downstream effectors of RANK play a positive role in osteoclastogenesis, but their relative importance in osteoclast differentiation is unclear. We report the discovery that activation of a single pathway downstream of RANK is sufficient for osteoclast differentiation. In this regard, introduction of constitutively activated IKKβ (IKKβSSEE) but not wild-type IKKβ into monocytes stimulates differentiation of bona fide osteoclasts in the absence of RANK ligand (RANKL). This phenomenon is independent of upstream signals because IKKβSSEE induced the development of bone-resorbing osteoclasts from RANK and IKKα knockout monocytes and in conditions in which NEMO-IKKβ association was inhibited. NF-κB p100 and p105, but not RelB, were critical mediators of this effect. Inflammatory autocrine signaling by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) were dispensable for the spontaneous osteoclastogenesis driven by IKKβSSEE. More important, adenoviral gene transfer of IKKβSSEE induced osteoclasts and osteolysis in calvariae and knees of mice. Our data establish the sufficiency of IKKβ activation for osteolysis and suggest that IKKβ hyperactivation may play a role in conditions of pathologic bone destruction refractory to RANK/RANKL proximal therapeutic interventions. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Uncoupling mitochondrial activity maintains body V˙O2 during hemorrhage-induced O2 deficit in the anesthetized rat

Abstract During a hemorrhagic shock (HS), O2 uptake ( V ˙ O 2 ) decreases as soon as the rate of O2 delivery ( D O 2 ) drops below a “critical level”, a response accounted for by the reduction in mitochondrial O2 supply. In urethane-anesthetized rats, D O 2 was decreased within 20 min from 21.5 to 2.8 ml min−1 by slowly withdrawing 18 ml kg−1 of blood. This led to a reduction in V ˙ O 2 from 6.1 to 2.4 ml min−1 (n = 5, p V ˙ O 2 to 11.9 ± 1.2 ml min−1 (n = 6, p D O 2 – V ˙ O 2 relationship was shifted upward and to the left following DNP. In conclusion, cellular and systemic mechanisms, decreasing O2 demand, account for a large part of HS induced V ˙ O 2 decline resulting in an additional reduction in D O 2 .
The grieving child: Manifest and hidden losses in childhood and adolescence

The loss of parents through abandonment has specific traumatic features. This paper discusses the variety of losses children and adolescents may experience and the psychological implications and manifestations in relation to the loss. Specific reactions of children and suggestions for therapeutic prevention through psychotherapy are discussed.
How Much Do High School Students Learn

cal analysis of two recent claims." Educational Researcher 10:7-17. Pallas, A. M. and K. L. Alexander 1983 "Sex differences in quantitative SAT performance: New evidence on the differential coursework hypothesis." American Educational Research Journal 20:165-82. Peng, S. and W. Fetters 1981 Review of Draft Report of Minority Students in Catholic Secondary Schools by Andrew Greeley. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Statistics. Willms, J. D. 1983 "Do private schools produce higher levels of academic achievement? New evidence for the tuition tax credit debate." Pp. 223-31 in T. James and H. M. Levin (eds.), Public Dollars for Private Schools: The Case of Tuition Tax Credits. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Dinucleoside monophosphates. II. Nearest neighbor interactions

A method has been developed which enables calculation and unambiguous comparison of the thermodynamics for the stacking process of dinucleoside monophosphates (dimers) from a study of their titration properties. This method has been applied to dimers containing adenosine and/or cytidine with the result that the dimers studied can be ordered with respect to their tendency to stack as ApA > ApC > CpA ≃ C – containing homodimers. This dependence of the relative magnitude of ΔFstacking on composition is consistent with hydrophobic interactions, as manifested by the solubility of the bases, being the main driving force toward stacking. The sequence dependence of ΔFstacking as well as of the optical properties of the dimers is related to van der Waals interaction between the bases. The lack of variation in ΔFstacking of the C-containing isomers indicates that the role of the 2′-OH in RNA versus DNA structure is not H-bonding.
Predictive Modeling for Transportation Infrastructure Preconstruction Costs

This article presents a model to enable managers to make better decisions regarding infrastructure construction management. The model accurately estimates preliminary engineering (PE) costs (synonymous with Preconstruction Services Costs [PCS]) of bridge infrastructure projects so that state, local, and private transportation departments can know what these activities actually cost and can better plan future budgets. It also enables managers of these public works to quickly identify potentially troublesome projects, thus enabling corrective actions to be initiated early. This article describes a comprehensive study of the factors affecting PE costs, a database containing 2001-2009 bridge project data, and models to estimate PE costs. The findings indicate that bridge projects exhibited a historical mean PE cost ratio of 27.8% of estimated construction costs, significantly more than expected or commonly believed.
Invited Commentary: Physical Activity, Mortality, and Genetics

The importance of regular physical activity to human health has been recognized for a long time, and a physically active lifestyle is now defined as a major component of public health policies. The independent contribution of regular physical activity to lower morbidity and mortality rates is generally accepted, and the biologic mechanisms mediating these health effects are actively investigated. A few years ago, data from the Finnish Twin Registry suggested that genetic selection may account for some of the physical-activity-related benefits on mortality rates. However, results from the Swedish Twin Registry study reported by Carlsson et al. in the current issue of the Journal (Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:255-259) do not support the genetic selection hypothesis. In this commentary, the authors review the nature of the associations among physical activity level, fitness, and longevity, with special reference to the role of human genetic variation, and discuss potential reasons for different outcomes of these large twin studies.
A Framework for Knowledge Service Platform

Knowledge service platform provides a wide range of knowledge sources for knowledge service, knowledge tools, interactive tools and service means. On the basis of expounding the knowledge service's connotations, modes and requirements, this paper analyzes and defines the notions and functions of the knowledge service platform, proposes a concept model, gives a constructing structure of the knowledge service platform, and it discusses the key technologies to construct the system and the basic components of the knowledge service platform organizational environment.
Biocompatibility of Poly-ε-caprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite on mouse bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and endothelial cells

Tissue-engineered bone may be developed by seeding the cells capable of both osteogenesis and vascularization on biocompatible composite scaffolds. The current study investigated the performance of mice bone marrow-derived osteogenic cells and endothelial cells as seeded on hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) composite scaffolds. Mononuclear cells were induced to osteoblasts and endothelial cells respectively, which were defined by the expression of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and deposits of calcium-containing crystal for osteoblasts, or by the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and the formation of a capillary network in Matrigel™ for endothelial cells. Both types of cell were seeded respectively on PCL-HA scaffolds at HA to PCL weight ratio of 1:1, 1:4, or 0:1 and were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, ALP activity (of osteoblasts) and nitric oxide production (of endothelial cells) plus the assessment of cell viability. The results indicated that HA led to a positive stimulation of osteoblasts viability and ALP activity, while HA showed less influence on endothelial cells viability. An elevated nitric oxide production of endothelial cells was observed in HA-containing group. Supplement of HA into PCL improved biocompatible for bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and endothelial cells. The PCL-HA composite integrating with two types of cells may provide a useful system for tissue-engineered bone grafts with vascularization.
Experimental characterization of the dosimetric properties of a newly designed I-Seed model AgX100 125I interstitial brachytherapy source

Abstract Purpose To measure the dosimetric properties of the Model AgX100 125 I source for interstitial brachytherapy. Methods and Materials The photon energy spectrum emitted by the AgX100 source was measured using a high-resolution germanium spectrometer customized for low-energy brachytherapy source spectrometry. The dose distribution around the source was measured using the 1 × 1 × 1 mm 3 lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters in water-equivalent solid phantoms. The dosimetric parameters needed for dose calculation using the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) formalism were determined and compared with the results of a Monte Carlo simulation by an independent research group and with the TG-43 consensus values of the well-established model 6711 source. Results It was found that ( 1 ) the photon energy spectrum emitted by the AgX100 source was nearly identical to that emitted by the model 6711, ( 2 ) the dose-rate constant determined by the photon spectrometry technique (0.957 ± 0.037 cGy·h −1 ·U −1 ) and by the thermoluminescent dosimeter technique (0.995 ± 0.066 cGy·h −1 ·U −1 ) was within 1.5% of the corresponding values determined for the model 6711 source, and ( 3 ) the radial dose function and the anisotropy function of the AgX100 source were also found to be similar to the consensus data established for the model 6711 source in the TG-43 update report. Conclusions A comprehensive dosimetric characterization has been carried out for the model AgX100 125 I source. The American Association of Physicists in Medicine TG-43 dosimetry parameters for this source has been determined from the experimental data.
Intracellular Delivery of a Cell-Penetrating SOCS1 that Targets IFN-γ Signaling

Suppressor of cytokine signaling–1 (SOCS1) is an intracellular inhibitor of the Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway that couples interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling to the nucleus. Because several inflammatory diseases are associated with uncontrolled IFN-γ signaling, we engineered a recombinant cell-penetrating SOCS1 (CP-SOCS1) to target this pathway. Here, we show that CP-SOCS1, analogous to endogenous SOCS1, interacted with components of the IFN-γ signaling complex and functionally attenuated the phosphorylation of STAT1, which resulted in the subsequent inhibition of the production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Thus, controlled, intracellular delivery of recombinant CP-SOCS1 boosted the anti-inflammatory potential of the cell by restoring the homeostatic balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling. This approach to controlling signal transduction has potential use for therapeutic targeting of signaling pathways associated with inflammatory diseases.
PD analysis of gas insulated medium voltage switchgear during factory assembly and site commissioning

The Partial Discharge (PD) measurement of medium voltage (MV) gas insulated switchgear as a routine test is according to the standard IEC 62271–200 [1] a subject to agreement between manufacturer and user. However, more and more manufacturers of MV gas insulated switchgears are going to introduce this measurement as a factory test for quality assurance to qualify the proper insulation of the switchgear. Furthermore in the last years the user of MV gas insulated switchgears stated more and more the requirement for PD measurements after erection at site. The main reason is, that despite the current situation of high cost pressure the user has to maintain the reliability of the electricity distribution systems. The important role of medium voltage switchgear to guarantee a high service quality especially in HV-substations led to an increased application of gas insulated switchgears in the last 20 years. Due to the hermetical sealed design gas insulated switchgears have a lot of advantages and show a high reliability.
Prevalence estimates for primary brain tumors in the United States by behavior and major histology groups.

Prevalence rates are used to supplement descriptions of disease and are unavailable for all primary brain tumors in the United States. Data from two population-based tumor registries were obtained from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States and used to compute age-specific incidence rates (1985-1994) and survival curves for further use in a statistical model to estimate prevalence rates. Prevalence rates were then used to estimate the number of individuals living with a brain tumor diagnosis in the U.S. population for the year 2000. The overall incidence rate in these regions is 13.8 per 100,000 with 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of 58%, 49%, and 38%, respectively. The prevalence rate for all primary brain tumors is 130.8 per 100,000 with approximately 350,000 individuals estimated to be living with this diagnosis in the United States in 2000. The prevalence rate for malignant tumors, 29.5 per 100,000, is similar to previous reports. The prevalence rate for benign tumors, 97.5 per 100,000, is new. Unlike incidence data, the proportion (and expected number) of existing benign tumors (75%, 267,000) is considerably greater than that for malignant tumors (23%, 81,000), reflecting the better prognosis of benign tumors diagnosed in individuals younger than 60 years old. These data underscore the impact of primary brain tumors in the U.S. health care system and emphasize the need for quality-of-life considerations, particularly for those long-term survivors of benign tumors.
Entry flow in a curved pipe

A secondary flow is set up when a fluid flows through a stationary curved pipe. The fluid in the middle of the pipe moves outwards and that near the wall inwards. Dean showed that the dynamical similarity of this fully developed flow depends on a non-dimensional parameter is the mean velocity along the pipe, v is the coefficient of kinematic viscosity and a is the radius of the pipe, which is bent into a coil of radius R. Dean's analysis was limited to small values of D. Later, Barua developed an asymptotic boundary-layer theory for large values of D and showed for these values of D that the resistance coefficient γc is much larger than that for the corresponding straight pipe. The present work deals with the flow in a curved pipe as it develops from a uniformly distributed velocity at the entrance to a fully developed profile. Barua's results for the fully developed flow are adopted as downstream conditions in the present work. The ratio of the entry lengths of the curved ipe and the corresponding straight one is shown to be proportional to D−1/2 when D is large. Thus, the entry length for a curved pipe is much shorter than that for the corresponding straight pipe.
Demonstrating Selected W3C Policy Languages Interest Group Use Cases Using the KAoS Policy Services Framework

This demonstration will present policies and scenarios from selected W3C Policy Language Group use cases. The flexibility of the KAoS ontology-based policy services framework will be demonstrated by modeling the very diverse policies described in the use cases. The integration of the KAoS policy decision point (Guard) with the JBoss server will be shown. One of the use cases requires spatial reasoning for location-based policies.
Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm for Integrated UMTS and LEO Satellite Networks

As one standard of third generation (3G) cellular network, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) can be integrated with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks. With such a system, mobile phones could for example benefit from a global coverage anywhere and anytime by using LEO satellite networks in remote areas not covered by UMTS cellular networks. For this interworking communication system, we provide a possible network architecture and we design and develop a Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm (VHDA) which will decide when it is best to perform a vertical handoff for a mobile user in the overlaid area between these two networks. The VHDA will depend on two leading factors: the performance of Quality of Service (QoS) of both networks and the cost of handoffs. We also simulate this scheme using MATLAB.
The Locus of Age-Related Movement Slowing: Sensory Processing in Continuous Goal-Directed Aiming

Prolonged movement times in elderly persons have been well documented; however, the locus of this slowing is uncertain. Kinematic analysis of discrete aiming has revealed deficits primarily in the target approach phase, suggesting inefficient feedback processing. This study investigated age-related movement slowing in a continuous aiming task, for which movements are mediated by feedforward and on-line sensory processes. Two-dimensional video-recordings were made of young and elderly adults performing reciprocal tapping using the right and left hands under three different accuracy conditions. The elderly subjects exhibited more discrete adjustments in the trajectories coupled with longer times in this period. Further, the elderly spent more time reversing direction between target hits, especially in the high accuracy condition. Longer time on target was seen in the left-hand performance of the elderly. Results suggest that the locus of age-related slowing in the performance of continuous aiming may reflect a greater dependence on slower feedback processes instead of rapid, on-line, and feedforward sensory processes. Age-related differences in hand performance may provide further insight into central processing deficits.
Vasopressin, not octreotide, may be beneficial in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: a retrospective study

Background. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of cirrhosis and is associated with high mortality. Ornipressin and terlipressin are effective in treatment of HRS, but are not available in the USA. The efficacy of vasopressin (AVP) and octreotide (OCT) infusions, commonly utilized in the USA, in the treatment of HRS is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of AVP and OCT on renal function, systemic haemodynamics and clinical outcomes in HRS. Methods. This observational study evaluated patients receiving AVP or OCT therapy for HRS from January 2000 to December 2003. Recovery from HRS was defined as a decrease in the serum creatinine (SCr) to a value � 1.5 mg/dl. Results. Forty-three patients were identified: eight received AVP, 16 received OCT and 19 received both AVP and OCT. Patients who received AVP alone or in combination with OCT had significantly greater recovery rates than those receiving OCT monotherapy (42 vs 38 vs 0%, respectively, P ¼ 0.01). The average time to response in serum creatinine (SCr) was 7± 2 days. The mean AVP doses were 0.23±0.19 U/min in patients demonstrating clinical response. Therapy with AVP was an independent predictor of recovery (odds ratio 6.4, 95% confidence interval 1.3–31.8). Patients who responded to therapy had significantly lower mortality (23 vs 67%, P ¼ 0.008) and higher rates of liver transplantation (23 vs 0%, P ¼ 0.005). No adverse effects related to AVP therapy were observed. Conclusion. When compared with OCT, HRS patients treated with AVP had significantly higher recovery rates, improved survival and were more likely to receive a liver transplant.
Cross spectral iris matching based on predictive image mapping

An adaptive method to predict NIR channel image from color iris images is introduced. Both visual inspection of the predicted image and the verification performance indicate that the adaptive mapping linking NIR image and color image is a potential solution to the problem of matching NIR images vs. color images in practice. When matched against NIR enrolled image the predicted NIR image achieves significantly high performance compared to the case when the same NIR image is matched against R channel alone.
Ultra-low power microcontrollers for portable, wearable, and implantable medical electronics

An aging population, coupled with choices on diet and lifestyle, is causing an increased demand for portable, wearable, and implantable medical devices that enable chronic disease management and wellness assessment. Battery life specifications drive the power consumption requirements of integrated circuits in these devices. Microcontrollers provide the right combination of programmability, cost, performance, and power consumption needed to realize such devices. In this paper, we describe microcontrollers that are enabling today's medical applications and discuss innovations necessary for enabling future applications with sophisticated signal processing needs. As an example, we present the design of an embedded microcontroller system-on-chip that achieves the first sub-microwatt per channel electroencephalograph (EEG) seizure detection.
Oligomerization of DH Domain Is Essential for Dbl-Induced Transformation

The dbl oncogene product (onco-Dbl) is the prototype member of a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho GTPases. The Dbl homology (DH) domain of onco-Dbl is responsible for the GEF catalytic activity, and the DH domain, together with the immediately adjacent pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, constitutes the minimum module bearing transforming function. In the present study, we demonstrate that the onco-Dbl protein exists in oligomeric form in vitro and in cells. The oligomerization is mostly homophilic in nature and is mediated by the DH domain. Mutagenesis studies mapped the region involved in oligomerization to the conserved region 2 of the DH domain, which is located at the opposite side of the Rho GTPase interacting surface. Residue His556 of this region, in particular, is important for this activity, since the H556A mutant retained the GEF catalytic capability and the binding activity toward Cdc42 and RhoA in vitro but was deficient in oligomer formation. Consequently, the Rho GTPase activating potential of the H556A mutant was significantly reduced in cells. The focus-forming and anchorage-independent growth activities of onco-Dbl were completely abolished by the His556-to-Ala mutation, whereas the abilities to stimulate cell growth, activate Jun N-terminal kinase, and cause actin cytoskeletal changes were retained by the mutant. The ability of onco-Dbl to oligomerize allowed multiple Rho GTPases to be recruited to the same signaling complex, and such an ability is defective in the H556A mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that oligomerization of onco-Dbl through the DH domain is essential for cellular transformation by providing the means to generate a signaling complex that further augments and/or coordinates its Rho GTPase activating potential.
Surgical Approach to Aortic Surgery and Perfusion Techniques

The surgical treatment of aortic disease remains a formidable challenge. Only since the advent cardiopulmonary bypass in the early 1950s has the complex repair of aortic aneurysms and dissections become feasible. Today, advances in perfusion methods and surgical techniques have allowed for the treatment of complex aortic disease with everimproving morbidity and mortality.
The Reduction of a Self‐Sufficient People to Poverty and Welfare Dependence: An Analysis of the Causes of Cherokee Indian Underdevelopment

. This investigation of American Indian underdevelopment is based on historical data on the Cherokee people which demonstrate how a self-sufficient people have been reduced to their present state of poverty and welfare dependence. Colonialism and the imposition of White control over Native institutions undermined the Cherokees' ability to innovate effectively. This hypothesis is substantiated by similar experiences of other tribes, as well as those of different indigenous groups, such as Alaska Natives, who have been more successful in preserving their traditional cultures.
Biodiversity informatics: organizing and linking information across the spectrum of life

Biological knowledge can be inferred from three major levels of information: molecules, organisms and ecologies. Bioinformatics is an established field that has made significant advances in the development of systems and techniques to organize contemporary molecular data; biodiversity informatics is an emerging discipline that strives to develop methods to organize knowledge at the organismal level extending back to the earliest dates of recorded natural history. Furthermore, while bioinformatics studies generally focus on detailed examinations of key ‘model’ organisms, biodiversity informatics aims to develop over-arching hypotheses that span the entire tree of life. Biodiversity informatics is presented here as a discipline that unifies biological information from a range of contemporary and historical sources across the spectrum of life using organisms as the linking thread. The present review primarily focuses on the use of organism names as a universal metadata element to link and integrate biodiversity data across a range of data sources.
Real-time and 3D vision for autonomous small and micro air vehicles

Autonomous control of small and micro air vehicles (SMAV) requires precise estimation of both vehicle state and its surrounding environment. Small cameras, which are available today at very low cost, are attractive sensors for SMAV. 3D vision by video and laser scanning has distinct advantages in that they provide positional information relative to objects and environments, in which the vehicle operates, that is critical to obstacle avoidance and mapping of the environment. This paper presents work on real-time 3D vision algorithms for recovering motion and structure from a video sequence, 3D terrain mapping from a laser range finder onboard a small autonomous helicopter, and sensor fusion of visual and GPS/INS sensors.
Tumors of the urethra in men and women

A study of urethral tumors in men and women has been made. The 3 most important tumors involving the male urethra are: 1. those arising in the meatus and parameatal area; 2. squamous cell cancer of the membranous urethra; and 3. transitional cell cancer of the prostatic urethra. The latter 2 respond poorly to any and all forms of therapy regardless of extent of ablative surgical attempt or radiation therapy dosage. Tire' latter prostatic urethral tumor is also hormone-resistant. The most common tumors of the female urethra are epidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Tumors of the distal urethra may be successfully treated by partial urethrectomy or by irradiation. For proximal or entire urethral tumors, the prognosis with radiation or surgery alone is poor; combined radiation and surgery is preferable.
A Model for the Impact of Cybersecurity Infrastructure on Economic Development in Emerging Economies: Evaluating the Contrasting Cases of India and Pakistan

The possibilities and risks inherent in the dissemination of ICT necessitate implementation of cybersecurity initiatives. Yet, we know very little about the specific relationships between national information infrastructure (NII), cybersecurity capability, and economic development in emerging economies. This paper proposes a model based on national nuclear threat security through which a developing nation could develop an effective cybersecurity infrastructure while simultaneously positively impacting economic development. Our model extends the cybersecurity triad of internal governance, private sector partners and an active cybercitizenry to add a fourth influence – foreign government relations – that significantly impacts socioeconomic development. The model will be elaborated through the lens of two case study nation-states: India and Pakistan.
Safety and efficacy of pegfilgrastim administration on the same day as myelosuppressive chemotherapy (CT) in women with ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer

16009 Background: According to prescribing information, pegfilgrastim should not be administered within 14 days prior to, or within 24 hours after, the administration of cytotoxic CT. However, litt...
A 21-year-old male with throat swelling and difficulty swallowing

Background: Angioedema is an extravasation of fluid into cutaneous, subcutaneous, or mucosal tissues. The condition has awide range of clinical presentations and possible etiologies. Isolated uvular angioedema, also termed Quincke’s disease, maybe idiopathic or a manifestation of hereditary angioedema, a medication reaction, food allergy, infection, trauma, inhalation, orgeneral anesthesia. Case description: We report on a patient who presented to the emergency department with throat swelling and difficultyswallowing. The patient was admitted due to concern for epiglottitis and airway compromise. The patient quickly improvedafter receiving doses of an oral antihistamine and an inhaled corticosteroid and was discharged the next day. On assessment foretiology he had a very unlikely cause for his swelling. Clinical implications: Angioedema of the oropharyngeal area is concerning for the development of airway compromise and mayrequire laryngoscopy. A thorough history, physical exam, and laboratory investigation differentiate angioedema from other causesof airway edema.
What Do Childbearing Women in Your Clinical Practice Look Like

With cultural diversity increasing, what do the childbearing women in your practice look like? Beliefs about the central role of motherhood and the use of fertility rites in the life of a woman vary. Although individual differences exist because of the uniqueness of each woman, there are wonderfully rich cultural traditions and practices that influence what a woman believes and enacts. What constitutes a satisfying birth experience varies from woman to woman. Perinatal nurses can find many satisfying clinical experiences by being creative, flexible, and resilient in their approach to providing care.
Carpenterworm Sex Pheromone Trap Evaluation

A cylinder-platform sticky trap was better than either an electric grid trap or a screen trap for capturing carpenterworm moths, Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck). Evaluation of 5 kinds of sticky traps revealed no significant differences in either efficiency or total catches for cylinder-platform, cylinder-funnel, platform, or vertical board variations; however, all were significantly more efficient than a cylinder trap design.
Abstract 5297: Dual-modality imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma

Choline compounds are linked to malignancy since elevation of the intensity of choline peak reflects increased biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids and can be a marker for cellular proliferation. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images an injected tracer dose (nM∼pM) of [11C]-choline while Proton MR Spectroscopy (1H MRS) can characterize endogenous choline-containing compounds usually in the mM range. There have been studies on brain and prostate cancers with both imaging modalities although correlation between the results from PET and MRS is inconsistent. The transient radiolabeled choline metabolism measured by PET is different from the relative steady total choline contents measured by MRS. However, it begs the question of whether the two imaging modalities are measuring the same metabolic pathways of choline in cancer. For primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), there have been [11C]-choline PET studies, both pre-clinical and clinical, showing focal uptake. Likewise, there have been 1H-MRS studies of choline with animals and humans showing significantly high choline levels in HCC. So far, there is no comparison study reported to link the two measurements in HCC. This study was conducted with a woodchuck model of hepatitis viral infection-induced HCC, which is regarded as a naturally occurring animal model of human HCC with similar pathology and clinical behavior. The original objective of the study was to examine the effects of animals being fed and fasted on PET scans using [11C]-choline. MRI and MRS were added and performed immediately before PET imaging. Experiments were first performed with animals at the fed state using a 4T MR scanner with a human head coil. Dynamic PET images were then generated from a nearby clinical PET/CT scanner right after, spanning 50 minutes starting from [11C]-choline injection. Time-activity curves and tracer contrast uptake between focal uptake in HCC and that in the surrounding hepatic tissues were calculated in liver regions. The same animals were scanned again four days later following the exact same procedure, except that the animals were fasted over night. The results from PET imaging with [11C]-choline showed that the dietary state of fed or fast had little impact on radio-choline uptake in HCC while the results from 1H MRS of choline found similar choline/lipids ratios in HCC regardless of whether the animal was fed or fasted. These results are very promising for correlating the two measurements although further experiments are needed to confirm that the two imaging modalities are measuring related lipid metabolic pathways in HCC involving choline. This work is supported in part by NCI grants R01 CA095307 and U24 CA110943. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5297. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5297
Brain and White Matter Hyperintensity Volumes After 10 Years of Random Assignment to Lifestyle Intervention.

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes increases the accumulation of brain white matter hyperintensities and loss of brain tissue. Behavioral interventions to promote weight loss through dietary changes and increased physical activity may delay these adverse consequences. We assessed whether participation in a successful 10-year lifestyle intervention was associated with better profiles of brain structure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At enrollment in the Action for Health in Diabetes clinical trial, participants had type 2 diabetes, were overweight or obese, and were aged 45–76 years. They were randomly assigned to receive 10 years of lifestyle intervention, which included group and individual counseling, or to a control group receiving diabetes support and education through group sessions on diet, physical activity, and social support. Following this intervention, 319 participants from three sites underwent standardized structural brain magnetic resonance imaging and tests of cognitive function 10–12 years after randomization. RESULTS Total brain and hippocampus volumes were similar between intervention groups. The mean (SE) white matter hyperintensity volume was 28% lower among lifestyle intervention participants compared with those receiving diabetes support and education: 1.59 (1.11) vs. 2.21 (1.11) cc ( P = 0.02). The mean ventricle volume was 9% lower: 28.93 (1.03) vs. 31.72 (1.03) cc ( P = 0.04). Assignment to lifestyle intervention was not associated with consistent differences in cognitive function compared with diabetes support and education. CONCLUSIONS Long-term weight loss intervention may reduce the adverse impact of diabetes on brain structure. Determining whether this eventually delays cognitive decline and impairment requires further research.
On Stern's Diatomic Series

(1929). On Stern's Diatomic Series. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 59-67.
Genetic parameters and trends for lean growth rate and its components in U.S. Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace pigs

Records on 361,300 Yorkshire, 154,833 Duroc, 99,311 Hampshire, and 71,097 Landrace pigs collected between 1985 and April of 2000 in herds on the National Swine Registry Swine Testing and Genetic Evaluation System were analyzed. Animal model and REML procedures were used to estimate random effects of animal genetic, common litter, maternal genetic, and the covariances between animal and maternal for lean growth rate (LGR), days to 113.5 kg (DAYS), backfat adjusted to 113.5 kg (BF), and loin eye area adjusted to 113.5 kg (LEA). Fixed effects of contemporary group and sex were also in the statistical model. Based on the single-trait model, estimates of heritabilities were 0.44, 0.44, 0.46, and 0.39 for LGR; 0.35, 0.40, 0.44, and 0.40 for DAYS; 0.48, 0.48, 0.49, and 0.48 for BF; and 0.33, 0.32, 0.35, and 0.31 for LEA in the Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace breeds, respectively. Estimates of maternal genetic effects were low and ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 for all traits across breeds. Estimates of common litter effects ranged from 0.07 to 0.16. A bivariate analysis was used to estimate the genetic correlations between lean growth traits. Average genetic correlations over four breeds were -0.83, -0.37, 0.44, -0.07, 0.08, and -0.37 for LGR with DAYS, BF, and LEA, DAYS with BF and LEA, and BF with LEA, respectively. Average genetic trends were 2.35 g/yr, -0.40 d/yr, -0.39 mm/yr, and 0.37 cm2/yr for LGR, DAYS, BF, and LEA, respectively. Results indicate that selection based on LGR can improve leanness and growth rate simultaneously and can be a useful biological selection criterion.
Desisters in the making? Exploring the capacity to desist during community transition among a small longitudinal panel of releasees

AbstractSelf-narratives signal readiness for change and the capacity to desist from crime. Utilizing longitudinal interviews with 39 male subjects in a small, industrialized, Midwestern US city, this study explores self-narratives to gain additional understanding about desistance and the malleable components that shape the process. In contrast to existing long-term desistance studies, this research considers the presence of desistance-promoting narratives during reentry. Data on three waves of interviews conducted shortly after release and three or more months after the first interview are presented. Results indicate that returning prisoners engage with desistance-promoting themes during the immediate reentry process, and that the prevalence and importance of these themes change with additional time in the community. The implications of these findings for reentry policy, practice, and research are discussed.
Design and construction of UHPC-filled duct connections for precast bridge columns in high seismic zones

AbstractOne of the column connection types that has been recently emphasised for accelerated bridge construction (ABC) in high seismic zones is grout-filled duct connections. Experimental results have shown that the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete columns connected to precast cap beams using this connection type is emulative of conventional columns. However, an alternative ABC connection is required to connect precast columns to shallow cap beams and footings due to insufficient anchorage length in those elements. Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) was proposed in this study to be used instead of conventional grout in the connection to reduce the anchorage length. First, fourteen large-scale pullout tests were performed to investigate the bond strength of UHPC-filled duct connections. The test results showed that the incorporation of UHPC instead of normal grout as duct filler can reduce the bar embedment length by 50% or more. Second, design equations were developed based on the pullout test...