cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Types of Influence Goals in Personal Relationships

This study was designed to address three issues: (1) What types of influence goals do people see as typical in their close relationships? (2) How can these goals best be interpreted empirically and theoretically? (3) How do different types of influence goals correspond to action? Cluster analytic methods were applied to a sample of goals generated by people who were asked to recall their goal in an interpersonal influence event of their own initiation. A six-group solution was retained whose clusters were labeled Give Advice (Lifestyle), Gain Assistance, Share Activity, Change Political Stance, Give Advice (Health), and Change Relationship. These clusters differed significantly on each of nine variables used to validate the cluster solution. In addition, goal types were differentially associated with three aspects of compliance-gaining messages. These results provide some of the foundational material that is prerequisite to the development of theory in the area of interpersonal influence in personal relat...
Factors associated with inpatient hospitalizations among patients aged 1 to 64 years with congenital heart defects, Arkansas 2006 to 2011.

Background Individuals with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have high hospital resource use. We sought to identify factors associated with hospital costs and multiple hospitalizations among individuals with CHDs. Methods Data from the 2006 to 2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Arkansas State Inpatient Databases were linked across encrypted patient identifiers to develop a cohort of Arkansas residents aged 1 to 64 years who were hospitalized at least once with a CHD during this time period. Infants were excluded because patient identifiers were missing for 18 to 52% each year. CHDs were identified using principal and secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses codes. All hospitalizations of individuals ever admitted with a CHD were included. Mean and median patient-level costs were estimated; the association of hospital costs and patient readmissions were examined with linear and logistic regression. Results There were 1,185,868 inpatient hospitalizations of Arkansas residents aged 1 to 64 years between 2006 and 2011; these were accrued by 603,925 patients. Of those, 2542 patients (0.42%) had at least one hospitalization with a CHD diagnosis. Total costs for these 2542 patients were $126,999,837 and they accumulated 7898 hospitalizations. Factors associated with increased costs included patient age, CHD type, cardiac procedures, and comorbidities. Factors associated with hospital readmission within 1 year included age, CHD type, expected payer, and comorbidities. Conclusion Individuals with CHDs in Arkansas experience variation in hospital use and costs by patient characteristics. Future research should investigate factors associated with readmissions, cardiac procedures, and comorbidities, as these are strongly associated with hospital costs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:589–596, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nationwide impact of laparoscopic lysis of adhesions in the management of intestinal obstruction in the US.

Background Treatment of adhesion-related complications is cost intensive and presents a considerable burden to the health care system. The objective of this study was to compare open (OLA) and laparoscopic lysis of adhesions (LLA) in the treatment of intestinal obstruction, based on a nationwide representative sample. Study Design Patients with intestinal obstruction undergoing OLA, LLA, and conversion were identified from the 2002 National Inpatient Sample. After propensity methods were used to adjust for covariates including patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and comorbidities, the impact of OLA and LLA was analyzed concerning in-hospital mortality, postoperative complications, length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital costs. Results Of 6,165 patients, 88.6% underwent OLA and 11.4% had LLA. Conversion was required in 17.2% of LLA patients. Unadjusted mortality was equal between LLA and conversion (1.7%) and half the rate compared with OLA (3.4%) (p = 0.014). After adjusting with propensity methods, the odds of complications in the LLA group (intention to treat) were 25% less than in the OLA (p = 0.008). The LLA group had a 27% shorter LOS (p = 0.0001) and was 9% less expensive than the OLA group (p = 0.0003). There was no statistical significant difference for LOS, complications, and costs between the conversion and OLA groups. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that when LLA is applied to selected patients with intestinal obstruction, there are reductions in postoperative complications, LOS, and costs. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these data and better identify the subgroup of patients who have improved outcomes with LLA.
Long-term membrane oxygenator use to support an infant with acute respiratory distress syndrome on biventricular assist device

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are used in children with severe heart failure as a bridge to heart transplantation or recovery. Severe pulmonary dysfunction may preclude their use, leaving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as the most frequently used option for combined cardiac and respiratory failure. There are few case reports describing the use of an oxygenator in combination with VAD support, but none that describes long-term utilization. We report the successful use of a low-resistance oxygenator placed into the right-sided VAD (RVAD) circuit of an infant with life-threatening respiratory failure. The oxygenator enabled immediate reversal of hypoxaemia and hypercarbia and recovery of the RVAD function. The oxygenator remained within the VAD circuit for 15 days, facilitating complete lung recovery. An oxygenator used in conjunction with a VAD may be a life-saving therapy, allowing adequate oxygenation and ventilation in severe respiratory and cardiac failure. Extended use may facilitate the prevention of ventilator-associated lung injury and organ dysfunction. This therapy may be an attractive intermediate step in the transition from, or alternative to ECMO, in patients requiring VAD placement with associated acute lung injury.
Long-time overdamped Langevin dynamics of molecular chains

We present a novel algorithm of constrained, overdamped dynamics to study the long-time properties of peptides, proteins, and related molecules. The constraints are applied to an all-atom model of the molecule by projecting out all components of the nonbonding interactions which tend to alter fixed bond lengths and angles. Because the overdamped dynamical equations are first order in time, the constraints are satisfied by inversion of a banded matrix at each timestep, which is computationally efficient. Thermal effects are included through a Langevin noise term in the equation of motion. Because high-frequency components of the motion have been eliminated, the timestep of the algorithm is determined by the nonbonding forces, which are two to three orders of magnitude weaker than the bonding forces. Using polyalanine as a test example, we demonstrate that trajectories simulating a microsecond of motion can be run about 103 times faster than an equivalent molecular dynamics simulation. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Elevated Antisaccade Error Rate as an Intermediate Phenotype for Psychosis Across Diagnostic Categories

Background: Elevated antisaccade error rate, reflecting problems with inhibitory behavioral control, is a promising intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia. Here, we consider whether it marks liability across psychotic disorders via common or different neurophysiological mechanisms and whether it represents a neurocognitive risk indicator apart from the generalized cognitive deficit. Methods: Schizophrenia (n = 267), schizoaffective (n = 150), and psychotic bipolar (n = 202) probands, their first-degree relatives (ns = 304, 193, 242, respectively), and healthy controls (n = 244), participating in the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes consortium, performed antisaccade and prosaccade tasks and completed a neuropsychological battery. Results: Antisaccade error rate was elevated in proband groups with greatest deficit observed in schizophrenia and was unrelated to symptoms and antipsychotic treatment. Increased error rate was also observed among relatives, even those without history of psychosis or psychosis spectrum personality traits. Relatives’ deficits were similar across proband diagnoses. Error rate was familial and remained elevated in proband and relative groups after accounting for generalized cognitive impairment. Speed of attentional shifting, indexed by prosaccade latency, was similarly influenced in all groups by manipulations that freed vs increasingly engaged attention systems and was inversely associated with antisaccade error rate in all but schizophrenia probands. Conclusions: These findings indicate that elevated antisaccade error rate represents an intermediate phenotype for psychosis across diagnostic categories, and that it tracks risk beyond that attributable to the generalized cognitive deficit. The greater severity of antisaccade impairment in schizophrenia and its independence from attention shifting processes suggest more severe and specific prefrontal inhibitory control deficits in this disorder.
Reduced storage VQ via secondary quantization

This paper introduces methods for reducing the table storage required for encoding and decoding with unstructured vector quantization (UVQ) or tree-structured vector quantization (TSVQ). Specifically, a low-storage secondary quantizer is used to compress the code vectors (and test vectors) of the primary quantizer. The relative advantages of uniform and nonuniform secondary quantization are investigated. A Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG) like algorithm that optimizes the primary UVQ codebook for a given secondary codebook and another that jointly optimizes both primary and secondary codebooks are presented. In comparison to conventional methods, it is found that significant storage reduction is possible (typically a factor of two to three) with little loss of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, when reducing dimension is considered as another method of reducing storage, it is found that the best strategy is a combination of both. The method of secondary quantization is also applied to TSVQ to reduce the table storage required for both encoding and decoding. It is shown that by exploiting the correlation among the test vectors in the tree, both encoder and decoder storage can be significantly reduced with little loss of SNR, by a factor of about four (or two) relative to the conventional method of storing test vectors (or test hyperplanes).
Taste cues control ethanol-induced conditioned taste avoidance but not conditioned tolerance

This experiment tested the ability of taste cues to serve as the conditioned stimulus (CS) for conditioned tolerance to ethanol hypothermia. Rats were exposed to a differential Pavlovian conditioning procedure in which the manual oral infusion of one flavor solution was consistently followed by injection of ethanol (2.25 g/kg), whereas exposure to another flavor was followed by injection of saline (16 trials each). Control rats received saline after both flavors. Body temperature was recorded continuously using radio telemetry. Ethanol-treated rats developed tolerance to ethanol’s hypothermic effect and aversion for the ethanol-paired flavor. However, flavor had no effect on the expression of tolerance, indicating that taste was not an effective CS for conditioned tolerance. This outcome may represent an instance of selective association in which taste cues more readily gain control over ethanol’s effect on ingestive behavior, whereas environmental cues more readily gain control over ethanol’s thermal effect. These results may also bear on the hypothesized role that ethanol’s thermal effect plays in ethanol self-administration and ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion.
Improving Resource Availability by Relaxing Network Allocation Constraints on Blue Gene/P

High-end computing (HEC) systems have passed the petaflop barrier and continue to move toward the next frontier of {exascale} computing. As companies and research institutes continue to work toward architecting these enormous systems, it is becoming increasingly clear that these systems will utilize a significant amount of shared hardware between processing units, including shared caches, memory management engines, and network infrastructure. While these systems are optimized to use all of the hardware available in a dedicated manner to achieve the best performance, in practice, the shared nature of this hardware makes scheduling applications on it difficult and wasteful. For example, while the IBM Blue Gene/P system has been designed to use a torus network for efficient communication, some of the torus links (especially those connecting different racks) are shared between multiple racks. Thus, a job running on one rack, might preclude another job from running on a second rack in spite of having its compute resources completely idle. In this paper, we assess the relative performance degradation noticed by real applications when such shared network hardware is completely unutilized for some cases. Our measurements on Intrepid, one of the largest Blue Gene/P installations in the world, demonstrate less than 5% degradation for several leadership applications commonly run on the Intrepid system. Further, we demonstrate that the additional scheduling flexibility offered by not sharing such hardware can improve the overall job turnaround time by nearly 40% in some cases.
Adaptive algorithms for optimal control of time‐dependent partial differential‐algebraic equation systems

SUMMARY This paper describes an adaptive algorithm for optimal control of time-dependent partial dierential- algebraic equation (PDAE) systems. A direct method based on a modied multiple shooting type technique and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used for solving the optimal control problem, while an adaptive mesh renement (AMR) algorithm is employed to dynamically adapt the spatial integration mesh. Issues of coupling the AMR solver to the optimization algorithm are addressed. For time-dependent PDAEs which can benet from the use of an adaptive mesh, the resulting method is shown to be highly ecient. Copyright ? 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicon single hole quantum dot transistors for complementary digital circuits

Novel p-channel quantum-dot transistors were fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Strong oscillations in the drain current as a function of the gate voltage have been observed at temperatures over 81 K and drain biases over 66 mV. Measurements show that the average energy level spacing is approximately 33 meV and it is due to both single hole charging effect and quantum confinement effect. A digital inverter using a complementary pair of n and p-channel quantum dot transistors is also proposed.
An analog neural hardware implementation using charge-injection multipliers and neutron-specific gain control

A neural network IC based on a dynamic charge injection is described. The hardware design is space and power efficient, and achieves massive parallelism of analog inner products via charge-based multipliers and spatially distributed summing buses. Basic synaptic cells are constructed of exponential pulse-decay modulation (EPDM) dynamic injection multipliers operating sequentially on propagating signal vectors and locally stored analog weights. Individually adjustable gain controls on each neutron reduce the effects of limited weight dynamic range. A hardware simulator/trainer has been developed which incorporates the physical (nonideal) characteristics of actual circuit components into the training process, thus absorbing nonlinearities and parametric deviations into the macroscopic performance of the network. Results show that charge-based techniques may achieve a high degree of neural density and throughput using standard CMOS processes. >
Delinquency and drug use: Temporal and developmental patterns

The long- and short-term relationships of alcohol and illegal drug use to delinquent and criminal behavior are examined. As anticipated, substance use and delinquency are positively associated, but there is little evidence that substance use leads to delinquency. Two possible exceptions to this generalization involve the role of alcohol use in sexual assault and the role of serious drug use in prolonging involvement in serious delinquency. There is evidence that minor delinquency is a necessary cause or precursor of illicit drug use, that less serious levels of delinquency are necessary causes or precursors of more serious levels of delinquency, and that less serious levels of substance use are necessary causes or precursors of more serious levels of substance use. Relationships between substance use and more serious (index) delinquency appear to be developmental, not causal.
Heat transfer at high Péclet number from a small sphere freely rotating in a simple shear field

The problem of heat transfer at high Peclet number Pe from a sphere freely rotating in a simple shear field is considered theoretically for the case of small shear Reynolds numbers. It is shown that the present problem is in many respects similar to that of heat transfer past a freely rotating cylinder which was recently solved by Frankel & Acrivos (1968). By taking advantage of the close analogy between these two problems, an approximate method of solution is developed according to which the asymptotic Nusselt number for Pe → ∞ is 9, i.e. 4½ times its value for pure conduction. As in the corresponding case of the cylinder, the fact that the asymptotic Nusselt number is independent of Pe results from the presence of a region of closed streamlines which completely surrounds the rotating sphere.
Effects of pyriproxyfen spray, powder, and oral bait treatments on the relative abundance of fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in black-tailed prairie dog (Rodentia: Sciuridae) towns.

Abstract Separate black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord), towns on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, were treated with technical pyriproxyfen (Nylar) using spray, powder, and oral bait carriers. Direct combing methods (1997 and 1998) and burrow flagging (1998) were used to estimate relative abundance of the plague vector Oropsylla hirsuta (Baker). Pyriproxyfen spray (0.05%) and powder (0.05%) did not significantly reduce (P > 0.05) O. hirsuta abundance. Pyriproxyfen bait, when applied every 4 wk at a concentration of 286 mg/50 g bait, significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) O. hirsuta infesting prairie dogs, 4 mo after initial treatment. However, flea populations had recovered to pretreatment levels by the following summer (July 1999).
Developmental patterns in “adenomatoid lesions"” of the Fallopian tube

Abstract The association of patterns compatible with diagnoses of “adenomatoid tumor,” “salpingitis isthmica nodosa,” and serosal mesothelial inclusion in a tubal lesion brought into sharp focus the possible similar histogtnesis of these atypical picturu. Serial sections to trace the development of the various patterns, comparison of the morphology and staining qualities of the cells with those noted in other “characteristic” lesions, and the recognition of the common embryologic origin of these epithelia have led the authors to accept the hypothesis that all may well be “variations on the same theme.”
An Adaptive Low-Dimensional Control for a Hybrid Neuroprosthesis

Abstract Hybrid neuroprostheses that use both electric motor drives and functional electrical stimulation for the restoration of walking in persons with paraplegia have a promising potential. However, the hybrid actuation structure introduces effector redundancy, making the system complex and difficult to control. In this paper we design a low-dimensional controller inspired from the muscle synergy principle. The new controller requires few control signals to actuate multiple effectors in a hybrid neuroprostheses. The development of the controller and a Lyapunov stability analysis, which yielded semi-global uniformly ultimately boundedness is presented in this paper. Computer simulations were performed to test the new controller on a 2 degree of freedom fixed hip model.
The use of Plastic Combs for Brood Rearing and Honey Storage by Honeybees

SummaryWax-extended portions of cells of one-piece plastic comb had larger diameters than cells of beeswax comb drawn on foundation. Honeybees tended to constrict the open ends of the large cells in plastic comb, and also, but much less, those of cells of wax comb drawn on foundation. The width of the head capsule of bees reared in combs made from different plastics showed some differences; there were also differences between beeswax comb and some plastic combs. The three types of plastic comb used were moulded on the same mould, but differences in shrinkage gave cells with slightly different diameters.Wax production was greater and honey production slightly less in honey supers furnished with plastic combs than in supers with the same number of wax combs drawn on foundation. Yields of both honey and wax decreased as the number of plastic combs in a super was increased from 9 to 11.Honey could be extracted effectively from plastic combs, without prior uncapping, if the combs were completely drawn out, fil...
An Assessment of Collaboration and Disasters: A Hospital Perspective.

Introduction There is no standard guidance for strategies for hospitals to use to coordinate with other agencies during a disaster. Hypothesis/problem This study analyzes successful strategies and barriers encountered by hospitals across the nation in coordinating and collaborating with other response agencies. Methods Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from a web-based study from 577 acute care hospitals sampled from the 2013 American Hospital Association (AHA) database. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results The most common barriers to collaboration are related to finances, ability to communicate, and personnel.
Diamagnetism to ferromagnetism in Sr-substituted epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films

We report on the ferromagnetic-like behavior in otherwise diamagnetic BaTiO3 (BTO) thin films upon doping with non-magnetic element Sr having the composition Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (BST). The epitaxial integration of BST (∼800 nm) thick films on Si (100) substrate was achieved using MgO (40 nm) and TiN (20 nm) as buffer layers to prepare BST/MgO/TiN/Si (100) heterostructure by pulsed laser deposition. The c-axis oriented and cube-on-cube epitaxial BST is formed on Si (100) as evidenced by the in-plane and out-of-plane X-ray diffraction. All the deposited films are relaxed through domain matching epitaxy paradigm as observed from X-ray diffraction pattern and A1TO3 mode (at 521.27 cm−1) of Raman spectra. As-deposited BST thin films reveal ferromagnetic-like properties, which persist up to 400 K. The magnetization decreases two-fold upon oxygen annealing. In contrast, as-deposited un-doped BTO films show diamagnetism. Electron spin resonance measurements reveal no evidence of external magnetic impurities. XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra show significant changes influenced by Sr doping in BTO. The ferromagnetic-like behavior in BST could be due to the trapped electron donors from oxygen vacancies resulting from Sr-doping.
Human neonatal cardiac responses to sound: a power function

Human newborns were each presented with four intensities of a 1000-cps tone in 5 complete cycles of ascending and descending series. An approximately linear relation was observed between cardiac responses plotted on a log scale and stimulus intensity in decibels. This is consistent with the power law relation between stimulus and response shown by Stevens (1961) to hold for a large number of sensory systems.
Ligand-Coated Vanadium Oxide Clusters: Capturing Gas-Phase Magic Numbers in Solution

Subnanometer vanadium oxide clusters in the 10−30 atom size range are produced in the gas phase with laser vaporization, coated with gas-phase ligands, and then captured in solution using a laser vaporization flow reactor. Acetonitrile (MeCN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) ligands form complexes efficiently with the oxide clusters, rendering them soluble in solutions of these same ligands and other solvents. The structures and compositions of clusters captured in solution are investigated with laser desorption time-of-flight (LD-TOF) mass spectrometry, UV−visible and IR spectroscopy, and density functional theory computations. MeCN forms oxide clusters having the exact stoichiometries found previously to be stable in the gas phase (V3O6, V4O9, and V5O12), in a simple ligand-addition process. THF produces similar oxide cores, but with terminal oxygens displaced. Infrared spectra are consistent with the presence of terminal oxygens for the MeCN complexes and their absence for the THF species. In either case, DFT...
Commerce and Trade Routes in Prehistoric Europe

(1927). Commerce and Trade Routes in Prehistoric Europe. Economic Geography: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 232-238.
Predation on San Joaquin Kit Foxes by Larger Canids

A better understanding of the relationships between endangered San Joaquin kit foxes ( Vulpes macrotis mutica ) and sympatric larger canids that prey on them is important for conservation efforts toward kit foxes. We used radiotelemetry to monitor the survival and cause of death of 41 San Joaquin kit foxes and 24 coyotes ( Cants latrans ) on the Carrizo Plain Natural Area, California, during the 1989–1991 drought. The estimated minimum-annual-survival rate for all coyotes was 0.88. Estimated annual-survival rates for juvenile foxes (0.21–0.41) were somewhat less than those for adult foxes (0.58–0.61). Survival rates for foxes were similar across years and sexes. Larger canids accounted for 78% of 23 verified deaths of kit foxes: 15 killed by coyotes; 2 by non-native red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ); 1 by a domestic dog. High predation by larger canids, coupled with poor reproduction in kit foxes due to reduced prey availability during the drought, contributed to a significant decrease in density of kit foxes (from 0.24 to 0.12 foxes/km2) during the study. Although coyotes can have a significant impact on populations of kit foxes, larger non-native red foxes may pose a greater threat in some areas.
Experimental Catatonia in a Chimpanzee.

SummaryWe have described the effect of intramuscular injection of 10–50 mg bulbocapnine phosphate per kg in chimpanzees. One of the animals showed symptoms of experimental catatonia identical with those known to follow the administration of an average dose of this drug in other animals.
Bloodsucking Freshwater Leeches: Observations on Control

The serious problem of control of freshwater leeches from infested ponds or lakes has received little attention (Gouck et al. 1967, Kimura and Keegan 1966, Moore 1923). In fact, the extent of such infestations is not clearly known, but without doubt it is considerably more important than published reports indicate. In South Carolina alone, 3 recent confirmed cases of leech-infested swimming areas have come to my attention: Lake Jemiki, Oconee County; Paris Mountain State Park, Greenville County; and Aiken State Park, Aiken County. Reported here is the summary of observations on these ponds (with emphasis on Lake Jemiki) which will be of use to others faced with similar problems.
The Abstract Vision of Marius de Zayas

That Alfred Stieglitz's associate Marius de Zayas played an important role in the evolution of the American avantgarde is widely recognized. Portrayed today as a critic, editor, and art dealer, de Zayas was also a remarkable artist who developed a complex theory of abstraction between 1911 and 1913. The year of the Armory Show he exhibited a series of powerful abstract portraits at “291.” Combining algebraic formulas with “geometric equivalents,” the portraits use a variety of analytical techniques to produce a graphic “synthesis” of an individual. An important contribution to New York Dada, they inspired Francis Picabia to create his mechanomorphic style in 1915.
Achieving Adherence to Evidence-Based Practices: Are Health IT and Hospital–Physician Integration Complementary or Substitutive Strategies?

In response to evolving policies and conditions, hospitals have increased health information technology (HIT) adoption and strived to improve hospital–physician integration. While evidence suggests...
Quantitative Amino Acid Analysis of Feedstuff Hydrolysates by Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography and Conventional Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Corn, soybean meal, and isolated soybean protein samples were acid-hydrolyzed and analyzed for amino acid content by reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC) and by conventional ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) using an amino acid analyzer. The former method employed pre-column derivatization with orthophthalaldehyde (OPTA)/ethanethiol and fluorescence detection. In the LC procedure, glycine and threonine were not resolved, and proline and cyst(e)ine were not detected. In general, amino acid values obtained by LC and IEC compared closely within and across feedstuffs, and both agreed well with published amino acid composition data. The notable exceptions were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alanine. Results of this study suggest that reverse phase LC with pre-column OPTA derivatization can be applied to accurately measure primary amino acids in individual feedstuffs.
Specifics of nursing ethics

Abstract The classic division of the tasks of doctors and nurses to “cure” and “care” is no longer valid. Nevertheless, medical ethics, more oriented towards treatment, has a long-term tradition and is more theoretically elaborated. The reason can be seen in the traditional dominance in the medical field, but a bigger factor is obviously the difficulty to grasp the theoretical concept of the word “care”. In the game there are at least two players who can equally fail. Not only their attitudes but also their real activities are accented. An important part of the care is the relationship; a phenomenon that also cannot be described by simple definitions. To approach the understanding of the concept of care, a possibility is through the theoretical resolution of different paths of the moral development of man, elaborated by Carol Gilligan. It is possible to use the existential analysis of the “stay” of a human by Martin Heidegger, especially his concept of “coexistence” and his definition of worry or care about another person. It is possible to apply the definition of care according to Berenice Fisher and Joan Tronto and its consequences in the moral sphere. Deborah Fingfeld-Connett elaborated her own concept of nursing care, which is not based on abstract definitions or concepts, but it is a “meta-synthesis” of available qualitative studies that deal with the issue of care conceptualization in nursing. Nursing care depends not only on what the nurse does, but also on her personality. Therefore it is not possible to avoid the ethics of virtues, inspired either by the classic in this area – Aristotle, or by contemporary authors, such as the Australian philosopher Stan van Hooft. The elaboration of ethics of care should help nurses to be more successful in their demanding profession. Also, adequate understanding of what I am doing leads to personal growth and to greater life satisfaction. Executives and managers will find an incentive for equipment and the organization of health facilities so that good care will be feasible.
Context of Use of Computer-Based Scaffolding

The contexts in which computer-based scaffolding is used can vary widely. Such variation is by learner population (e.g., grade level and other characteristics such as achievement level and socioeconomic status), subject matter (i.e., science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), and instructional model with which scaffolding is used (e.g., design-based learning and problem-based learning). I describe these variations, and note accompanying variations in effect size estimates. Notably, scaffolding had its strongest impact when students were (a) at the adult level, (b) engaged in project-based learning or problem solving, and (c) from traditional learner populations.
The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam and Muslim secularism

The fact that quatrains known as Rubiyat of Omar Khayyam were not really composed by the twelfth century astronomer of that name, but composed by various hands and made into collections later, is widely accepted. This paper examines under what political and social atmosphere in later times, the collections began to be compiled, and what elements of scepticism, irreligion, mysticism and even rationalism entered into them. It is argued that the collections retained their popularity and freely circulated wherever Persian was cultivated down to modern times.
Outcomes After Interpositional Arthroplasty of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint

Background:For patients with hallux rigidus seeking a motion-sparing procedure, interposition arthroplasty is an alternative to fusion. The purpose of this study was to report patient outcomes afte...
Polo-like kinase-dependent phosphorylation of the synaptonemal complex protein SYP-4 regulates double-strand break formation through a negative feedback loop.

The majority of DNA in animal cells is stored in structures called chromosomes. Most cells contain two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from the mother and one from the father. Sperm and egg cells, however, contain only a single set of chromosomes. A specialized type of cell division called meiosis generates these cells. During meiosis, the chromosomes in a cell replicate to produce a cell that contains four copies of each chromosome. The equivalent chromosomes from the mother and the father are initially kept close together by a zipper-like structure called the synaptonemal complex. This allows the chromosomes to exchange segments of DNA, before the cell divides twice in successive rounds to produce four cells, each containing one set of chromosomes. Severing both of the DNA strands that make up a DNA molecule forms what is known as a double-strand break. To exchange DNA segments with another chromosome, double-strand breaks that form in the DNA of one chromosome are repaired in a process known as crossover formation. Only a subset of the double-strand breaks are designated to be repaired by crossover formation, but at least one crossover needs to form between each chromosome pair. This generates diversity and ensures that the chromosomes separate correctly at the first cell division. Since the synaptonemal complex holds equivalent chromosomes close together it ensures that at least some of the breaks are repaired by crossover formation. Nadarajan et al. have now investigated how a chemical modification called phosphorylation affects how the synaptonemal complex behaves in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. A combination of genetic and cell-based approaches revealed that enzymes called polo-like kinases phosphorylate one of the proteins – called SYP-4 – that makes up the synaptonemal complex. This phosphorylation occurs after double-strand break sites have been designated to become crossovers. The synaptonemal complex is normally a dynamic structure, with the proteins that it consists of being continuously replaced. However, Nadarajan et al. found that phosphorylating SYP-4 made the synaptonemal complex less dynamic than it had previously been, which prevented further double-strand breaks from forming. Polo-like kinases are found in many organisms, from yeast to humans. Further work is now needed to investigate whether polo-like kinases phosphorylate the synaptonemal complex – and hence prevent the continuous formation of double-strand breaks – in animals such as mice and humans. This is important because failing to shut down the formation of double-strand breaks can result in cancer, infertility, miscarriages and birth defects in humans.
A Parham Cyclization route to the 2,3-dihydro-1H-indazole-1,2-dicarboxylate ring systems via condensation of thermolabile aryllithium reagents and azodicarboxylate esters

The Parham Cyclization reaction of o-lithiobenzyl chlorides (generated by low temperature halogen-metal exchange of the corresponding o-bromobenzyl chlorides with n-butyllithium) with azodicarboxylate esters provides a new entry to the 2,3-dihydro-1H-indazole-1,2-dicarboxylate ring system in moderate to good yield.
Observational Coding Systems of Parent-Child Interactions During Painful Procedures: A Systematic Review.

Background Parent interactions with their child can influence the child's pain and distress during painful procedures. Reliable and valid interaction analysis systems (IASs) are valuable tools for capturing these interactions. The extent to which IASs are used in observational research of parent-child interactions is unknown in pediatric populations. Objectives To identify and evaluate studies that focus on assessing psychometric properties of initial iterations/publications of observational coding systems of parent-child interactions during painful procedures. Methods To identify and evaluate studies that focus on assessing psychometric properties of initial iterations/publications of observational coding systems of parent-child interactions during painful procedures. Computerized databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, and Scopus. Timeframes covered from inception of the database to January 2017. Studies were included if they reported use or psychometrics of parent-child IASs. First assessment was whether the parent-child IASs were theory-based; next, using the Society of Pediatric Psychology Assessment Task Force criteria IASs were assigned to one of three categories: well-established, approaching well-established, or promising. Results A total of 795 studies were identified through computerized searches. Eighteen studies were ultimately determined to be eligible for inclusion in the review and 17 parent-child IASs were identified from these 18 studies. Among the 17 coding systems, 14 were suitable for use in children age 3 years or more; two were theory-based; and 11 included verbal and nonverbal parent behaviors that promoted either child coping or child distress. Four IASs were assessed as well-established; seven approached well-established; and six were promising. Conclusions Findings indicate a need for the development of theory-based parent-child IASs that consider both verbal and nonverbal parent behaviors during painful procedures. Findings also suggest a need for further testing of those parent-child IASs deemed “approaching well-established” or “promising”.
Intra-articular lipoma of the hip.

Intra-articular lipoma of the hip is a rare entity, with only two reports published in the English-language literature. We present a case of successful arthroscopic resection of an intra-articular peripheral compartment lipoma in a 69-year-old woman with a coincident labral tear. This woman presented with left hip pain that developed gradually over 2 years and increased over 2 months. MRI showed a fat-intense mass in the anterior aspect of the hip joint, convincing for intra-articular lipoma. Physical examination in the operating room reproduced decreased range of motion and evidence of impingement but with a soft endpoint. Arthroscopy revealed an anterior intrasubstance labral tear, which was debrided. The mass was excised and confirmed as true lipoma on histology. The soft endpoint on examination illustrates that a large lipoma of the hip joint can cause clinical symptoms of impingement in the absence of bony abnormality or trauma.
Abstract 2992: Identification ofNOTCH1inactivating mutation as a therapeutic vulnerability to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)

Background: Genomic alterations in the PI3K/mTOR pathway occur in 54% of HNSCC patients. However, clinical trials of PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors had limited success even in those tumors with pathway alterations, including PIK3CA mutations. To target genomic alterations in HNSCC, we tested the efficacy of 7 PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors in 59 HNSCC cell lines and determined the association between drug sensitivity and molecular characteristics in order to identify biomarkers of response. Methods: We systematically analyzed the association between drug sensitivity and genomic alterations in 59 HNSCC lines. Results: NOTCH1mut lines are significantly sensitive to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors: GSK2126458 (13/16), BYL719 (6/16), PQR309 (13/16), BKM120 (14/16), BEZ235 (12/16), BAY806942 (14/16) and GDC0980 (13/16 lines). In contrast to PIK3CAmut cell lines, all 7 NOTCH1mut lines tested underwent apoptosis (14.3 fld; P Conclusion: In contrast to PIK3CAmut cells, NOTCH1mut HNSCC cells underwent apoptosis after PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibition in vitro and decreased tumor size in vivo. The ectopic activation of NOTCH1 rescued NOTCH1mut HNSCC cells from PI3K/mTOR inhibitor-mediated apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may involve differential effects on tumor metabolism and ROS production. This work is significant because inactivating NOTCH1 mutations, which occur in 18% of HNSCC patients and SCCs of the lung, esophagus, and other sites, may serve as a biomarker for response. Our future work may uncover previously unknown crosstalk between the PI3K/mTOR and NOTCH pathways in SCCs. Citation Format: Vaishnavi Sambandam, Li Shen, Pan Tong, Tuhina Mazumdar, Curtis Pickering, Jeffrey N. Myers, Jing Wang, Mitchell Frederick, Faye M. Johnson. Identification of NOTCH1 inactivating mutation as a therapeutic vulnerability to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2992. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2992
Mortgage Markets and Macro-Instability

The role that mortgage-backed securities played in the financial crisis of 2007–09 creates a misleading impression that mortgages necessarily cause macroeconomic instability. But the problem lies in the specific structure of mortgage instruments, how market actors use them, and the matching of maturities. Mortgages can supply long maturity assets that match the demand for those assets by pension plans and insurance firms. Matched maturities are macroeconomically stabilising. This article considers the different kinds of mortgages, shows their connections to financial markets, and stresses that governments everywhere have structured mortgage markets for political and prudential reasons.
The Centennial Return of Stewardship to the Ecological Society of America

In 1917, Victor Shelford, a founder and the first president of the Ecological Society of America (ESA), formed and chaired the ESA’s Committee for the Preservation of Natural Conditions (CPNC), an advocacy arm of the organization. Representing the Wilderness Society (WS), Aldo Leopold’s efforts to form an alliance between the two organizations were spurned by Shelford because the WS encouraged the recreational use of wilderness reserves, thus altering their “primeval” condition. Seized by positivist zealotry, in 1945 the ESA prohibited members of the CPNC from advocacy activities and the committee disbanded in 1946. Shelford formed the private Ecologists’ Union in 1946, which became The Nature Conservancy in 1950. In response to an intensifying global ecological crisis, the ESA has latterly returned to the policy-oriented advocacy under the banner of “Earth Stewardship” that characterized it during its first three decades.” In addition to the values of its first president, Victor Shelford, the concept of Earth stewardship also expresses the spiritual values that its thirty-second president, Aldo Leopold, found in the scientific study of nature. The concept of Earth stewardship also returns ecology to its first organismic paradigm, for the Earth as a whole, Gaia, exhibits the defining characteristics of a “superorganism.”
Switching 53BP1 on and off via Tudors.

In a stress-free environment, the histone binding function of 53BP1 is inhibited by TIRR, but upon DNA damage 53BP1 is recruited to chromatin and promotes DNA repair. New structural studies provide insights into the mechanisms underlying 53BP1 inhibition and activation. TIRR physically blocks the methyl-lysine histone-binding site of Tudors, and RNA binding by TIRR alleviates this block.
Development of a Prediction Model for Incident Atrial Fibrillation using Machine Learning Applied to Harmonized Electronic Health Record Data

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, whose early detection could lead to significant improvements in outcomes through appropriate prescription of anticoagulation. Although a variety of methods exist for screening for AF, there is general agreement that a targeted approach would be preferred. Implicit within this approach is the need for an efficient method for identification of patients at risk. In this investigation, we examined the strengths and weaknesses of an approach based on application of machine-learning algorithms to electronic health record (EHR) data that has been harmonized to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model. We examined data from a total of 2.3M individuals, of whom 1.16% developed incident AF over designated 6-month time intervals. We examined and compared several approaches for data reduction, sample balancing (re-sampling) and predictive modeling using cross-validation for hyperparameter selection, and out-of-sample testing for validation. Although no approach provided outstanding classification accuracy, we found that the optimal approach for prediction of 6-month incident AF used a random forest classifier, raw features (no data reduction), and synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) resampling (F1 statistic 0.12, AUC 0.65). This model performed better than a predictive model based only on known AF risk factors, and highlighted the importance of using resampling methods to optimize ML approaches to imbalanced data as exists in EHRs. Further studies using EHR data in other medical systems are needed to validate the clinical applicability of these findings.