cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of titanosilicate ETS-4 utilizing organic precursors

Abstract ETS-4, a titanosilicate molecular sieve, was grown from various synthesis mixtures utilizing organic titanium (titanium isopropoxide) and silicon (tetraethyl orthosilicate) sources. Syntheses were performed at three different temperatures (403, 448, and 473 K) for heat treatment durations up to 15 days, utilizing various mixing methodologies. ETS-4 was obtained at all three temperatures. Analyses of morphology and surface characteristics of the products were carried out by utilizing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FE-SEM analyses have demonstrated two types of morphology: the rectangular prism crystals with minimal intergrowth and the highly intergrown particles in the form of cuboids. Growth spirals were detected on the (100) surface of the ETS-4 crystals with rectangular prism morphology and the average step height was measured to be 1.10±0.15 nm. Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses had shown a correlation between the relative titanium content of the ETS-4 crystals and their morphological characteristics. Nucleation and growth rates for ETS-4 synthesis utilizing organic precursors were also investigated and found to be dependent on the synthesis mixture composition and the crystallization temperature. Effects of several synthesis parameters, such as the composition of the synthesis mixture, the crystallization temperature, and the degree of mixing of the synthesis mixture prior to crystallization on the product characteristics were studied. It was determined that product uniformity in terms of degree of intergrowth, relative titanium content, size, and morphology were all affected by these synthesis parameters.
Optimal policies for a multi-product inventory system with negotiable lead times

The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum inventory policy for a multi-product periodic review dynamic inventory system. At the beginning of each period two decisions are made for each product. How much to “normal order” with a lead time of λn periods and how much to “emergency order” with a lead time of λe periods, where λe = λn - 1. It is assumed that the emergency ordering costs are higher than the normal ordering costs. The demands for each product in successive periods are assumed to form a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables with known densities. Demands for individual products within a period are assumed to be non-negative, but they need not be independent. Whenever demand exceeds inventory their difference is backlogged rather than lost. The ordering decisions are based on certain costs and two revenue functions. Namely, the procurement costs which are assumed to be linear for both methods of ordering, convex holding and penalty costs, concave salvage gain functions, and linear credit functions. There is a restriction on the total amount that can be emergency ordered for all products. The optimal ordering policy is determined for the one and N-period models.
Theology in the University — A Contemporary Scottish Perspective*

There is a tale which Douglas Young tells of a St Andrews University divine and which may well be regarded as cautionary. Thomas Jackson was born in St Andrews in 1797, and held the Chair of Divinity, first in St Andrews and then in Glasgow. When he retired in 1874, he returned to St Andrews to write his great work, designed to settle all the controversies of the centuries and bring discordant Scots into unanimity. He had one of the big houses on the south side of South Street, with its ‘lang rigg’, at the foot of which was an elegant garden room, with table and chair. Thither, daily, the septuagenarian repaired, garbed in his ecclesiastical frock coat, took off his shiny top-hat, and grasped a quill pen to set down his great thoughts on the virgin white folio quire, daily laid on the table. white folio quire, daily laid on the table. After several hours, he would tear it all up and go back to the house. After four years, they found him dead, aged eighty-one, and the garden house yielded a single written sheet with the sum of his wisdom: ‘Theology is everything, and everything is theology’.
Multiple Scattering of Polarized Light in Planetary Atmospheres Part II. Sunlight Reflected by Terrestrial Water Clouds

Abstract The intensity and polarization of sunlight reflected by terrestrial water clouds are computed with the doubling method. The calculations illustrate that this method can be effectively used in problem involving strongly anisotropic phase matrices. The method can therefore be used to derive information about planetary clouds, including those of the earth, from polarimetric observations. The results of the computations indicate that the polarization is more sensitive than the intensity to cloud microstructure, such as the particle size and shape. Multiple scattering does not wash out features in the polarization as effectively as it does in the intensity, because the polarization arises primarily from photons scattered once or a small number of times. Hence polarization measurements, particularly in the near infrared, are potentially a valuable tool for cloud identification and for studies of the microphysics of clouds. The computations are made primarily at four wavelengths in the near infrared, fr...
Notes on the Pottery of Pecos

THE pueblo of Pecos in San Miguel county, New Mexico, was abandoned in 1838; after a presumably continuous occupation from an early period in prehistoric times. Its rubbish heaps, therefore, contain the accumulations of several centuries, and some of them are so stratified that by a careful study of their contents one is enabled to trace the development of the arts and industries of the community from beginning to end. Of the various objects found in these stratified heaps, pottery fragments are by far the commonest and most easily classifiable, and it is with them that the present paper is concerned.
Experimental conduction block induced by serum from a patient with anti‐GM1 antibodies

Increased titers of antibodies to GM1 ganglioside in humans are associated with lower motor neuron disease and predominantly motor neuropathy with or without conduction block. To investigate the possible mechanism of these antibodies, we injected the serum of a patient with anti-GM1 antibodies who had motor neuron disease and multifocal motor conduction block, into rat sciatic nerve. When injected with fresh human complement, the serum-induced conduction block with temporal dispersion and deposits of immunoglobulin were detected at the nodes of Ranvier. Electron microscopic studies revealed demyelination in 6.5% of the fibers. After preabsorbtion with GM1, the serum had no effect, suggesting that the anti-GM1 antibodies were responsible for the conduction abnormalities.
Modeling unforeseen events with similarity templates changes Bayesian probabilities into pignistic probabilities

Abstract Using expected utility theory to choose the best decision presumes that the decision maker can specify the utility of various alternative decisions for each of the possible events that might occur. Since decision makers can rarely foresee all possible eventualities, extending Bayesian probability theory to treat unforeseen events is essential to applying expected utility theory to certain problems. We propose that Bayesian theory accommodate unforeseen events by classifying them as similar to sets of foreseen events using similarity templates. The resulting extension of the individual's subjective probabilities to the space of foreseen and unforeseen redefines subjective probabilities over the power set of the set of all foreseen events. This leads to a new probability function over the space of foreseen events-which is the pignistic probability from the transferable belief model.
Synthesis and Structural Investigation of Internally Coordinated α-Amidoboronic Acids

[structure: see text] Six new N-acyl-boroGly derivatives, along with their N-acyl-boroSar analogues, have been synthesized by modification of conventional procedures. Structural characterization of these alpha-amidoboronic acids was accomplished by extensive use of 11B and 1H NMR spectroscopy. These compounds were prepared to determine the extent of intramolecular B-O dative bond formation within the context of a five-membered (:O=C-N-C-B) ring motif. It is shown that the formation of such dative bonds depends on the nature of the substituents at both the acyl carbon and the nitrogen atoms. Computational evidence from second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory is provided in support of these findings.
Thermal modeling of roadway embankments over permafrost

Abstract Thermal degradation of permafrost beneath embankments is an on-going problem in highway design. In recent years, engineers with the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities have used a commercially available, two-dimensional finite element model to determine the embankment's effect on the thermal regime of the foundation soils; however, the modeling was done with historic air temperature data and input parameters derived from the literature, rather than site-specific data. Temperatures and soil properties were measured at two different research sites in Alaska to compare against model results. A sensitivity analysis of certain input parameters was conducted on the model for each site. Analysis of the model results indicates that the most critical input parameter is the surface boundary condition, which is separated into air temperature and modifying n -factors. Using site-specific air temperature data resulted in models that closely matched the measured soil temperatures, and either matched or overestimated the active layer depths. If used for design purposes, the thermal modeling would result in a more conservative embankment construction, which is favorable if a warming climate is considered.
CLINICAL EQUIVALENCE OF EVOLOCUMAB 140 MG EVERY TWO WEEKS AND 420 MG MONTHLY DOSING REGIMENS: A POOLED ANALYSIS OF 3146 PATIENTS IN PHASE 3 STUDIES

For therapeutic monoclonal antibodies exhibiting nonlinear pharmacokinetic/dynamic properties, a doubling of dose may not result in a proportional change in efficacy or duration of effect. Evolocumab, a human monoclonal antibody against PCSK9, demonstrated significant and stable LDL-C reduction when
Automated temperature regulation system for adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators

Abstract A temperature control system was constructed for an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator operating between 50 mK and 4 K. The control algorithm is discussed and the system performance is presented. A temperature stability of 2 μK RMS at 100 mK has been maintained for more than 8 h. To improve the thermodynamic efficiency, the magnetic field is used as the control parameter, rather than resistive heating.
261 Dosimetric considerations in the outcome of medulloblastoma

Seventy-three patients aged 2 to 48 years were treated for medulloblastoma (MB). Chang staging was: 7% T1, 42% T2, 16% T3a, 27% T3b, 8% T4. Thirty-three percent of patients had spinal axis (SAX) staging. Median radiation doses were posterior fossa (PF) 52 Gy, whole brain (WB) 40 Gy, and SAX 35 Gy. Fraction sizes ranged 0.5–3 Gy (median 1.7 Gy WB, 1. 7 Gy SAX, 1.8 Gy PF). The 5-year overall and disease-free survival are 67% and 59%, respectively. PF control was better for patients receiving>50 Gy to the PF (86% vs 42%, P = 0.0007). PF dose >50 Gy gave improved actuarial and disease-free survival. PF control was improved when patients were treated with fraction ≥ 1.7 Gy/day to the brain and spine (84% vs 51%, P = 0.0006). When PF was controlled, neuroaxis control was better if >30 Gy to the SAX (97% vs 71%, P = 0.05). WB dose did not have an impact on neuroaxis control, but few patients received ≤30 Gy WB. Incidence of extra-CNS metastases is 13% and 20% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Patients with continuous PF and neuroaxis control have an extra-CNS relapse rate of 10%. Our data confirm a dose response >50 Gy for PF control in MB. SAX dose of >30 Gy is necessary for neuroaxis control. Fraction size >1.7 Gy appears to improve local control. Ten percent of patients develop extra CNS metastases despite CNS control.
Island Chains, Aseismic Ridges, and Plate Motions: ABSTRACT

Transform fault and spreading-rate data have been reexamined and a worldwide synthesis of relative plate End_Page 354------------------------------ motion made. Island chains and aseismic ridges, formed by plate motion over mantle hot spots, show the direction of motion of the plates over the mantle. It has been found that by adding a single constant to this relative motion synthesis, a system of absolute plate motion over the mantle can be established which satisfies the relative motion data and the island chain/aseismic ridge trend data. This evidence is used to support a theory of deep mantle convection whereby plumes rising beneath the hot spots provide the driving force for continental drift. End_of_Article - Last_Page 355------------
A New Species of Micrasema (Trichoptera: Brachycentridae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT: The male, female, and larva of Micrasema florida, n. sp. (Trichoptera: Brachycentridae), is described from Coastal Plain streams of Alabama and the western Florida panhandle. The species belongs in the Micrasema rusticum Group and closely resembles Micrasema ozarkana Ross and Unzicker, 1965. The male lacks thick, sclerotized straps on abdominal segment IX. The female has anterior emarginations on the abdominal terga. The larva has a pale yellow head with light brown muscle scars and builds a case that is abruptly narrowed posteriorly.
A Conceptual Framework for Facilitating Geospatial Thinking

In this article we investigate whether a geospatial task-based framework can be conceptualized and developed to assist in structuring (in a grade-related context) a conceptual framework that could help build a vocabulary and scope and sequence structure for the geospatial thinking that makes the world and its activities legible to us. Our argument is presented in conceptual terms, but we offer preliminary evidence, based on work with local third-grade and sixth-grade students, that a hierarchy of concepts can be developed based on complexity, and we give results from pilot experiments to illustrate the feasibility of the hypothetical framework. The pilot studies show a clear differentiation of vocabulary and concept use between the two sampled grades and provide some substantiation of the potential use of the conceptual framework.
Magnetically alignable phase of phospholipid "bicelle" mixtures is a chiral nematic made up of wormlike micelles.

We have studied the phase behavior of binary mixtures of long- and short-chain lipids, namely, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dihexanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DHPC), using optical microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering. Samples with a total lipid content of 25 wt %, corresponding to ratios Q ([DMPC]/[DHPC]) of 5, 3.2, and 2, are found to exhibit an isotropic (I) → chiral nematic (N*) → lamellar phase sequence on increasing temperature. The I−N* transition coincides with the chain melting transition of DMPC at Q = 5 and 3.2, but the N* phase forms at a higher temperature for Q = 2. All three samples form multilamellar vesicles in the lamellar phase. Our results show that disklike “bicellar” aggregates occur only in the lower temperature isotropic phase and not in the higher temperature magnetically alignable N* phase, where they were previously believed to exist. The N* phase is found to consist of long, flexible wormlike micelles, their entanglement resulting in the very high viscosity o...
Knockdown efficiency and materials' compatibility of wasp and hornet spray formulations to honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Knockdown performance of selected wasp and hornet spray formulations and their components was evaluated against worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in a laboratory bioassay. Knockdown and the amount of any of the active ingredients were not correlated. Knockdown efficiency at 1 min after treatment ranged from 11to 100%. Formulations containing methylene chloride, Freon-11, or Freon-12 had higher percentage of knockdown than other formulations. These formulations significantly lowered bees’ thoracic temperatures by as much as 16.9°C; minimum body temperature was correlated with knockdown. Formulation density was also positively correlated with knockdown, independently of temperature depression. Many formulations damaged ABS, Noryl, and polycarbonate plastics and would therefore be unacceptable for use on or near most telecommunications equipment. Stress cracking of polycarbonate can be used to predict cracking of the other plastics. None of the formulations tested damaged flat water-based or glossyoil-based paints. Oily deposits were left by some formulations, but evaporated within 1 d.
Mating behaviour in the solpugid genus Eremobates banks

Mating habits of solpugids have been previously reported on ly three times: Heymons (1902), Amitai, Levy & Shulov (1962) and Junqua (1962). Heymon's observations were on Galeodes caspius Birula in Turkestan, Amitai's et al. on Galeodes sulfi4ripes Roewer in Israel and Junqua's on Othoes saharae Panouse, presumably in Algeria. Although biological notes on North American species have been given by Putnam (1883), Turner (1916), Fichter (1940) and Muma (1963), I know of no report on the mating of any species of the North American family Eremobatidae. The following observations on the behaviour of mating solpugids were accumulated in t963 and 1964. During this time, repeated mating trials were made with five species representing three genera and two families. To date, except for one incomplete mating of Therobates bilobatus Muma, only species of the genus Eremobates Banks have initiated activity that resulted in copulation. Completion was low even with these species. Thirty-four trials of conspecific males and females resulted in six complete matings, eight incomplete matings and twenty rejections.
Penetrating Keratoplasty in the Cat: A Clinically Applicable Model

Abstract A series of 28 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties were performed on adult cats. Donor corneas (n = 14) were maintained in culture medium for 14-24 hours prior to transplantation. Rotational autografts (n = 7) were used to control for cell loss caused by culture maintenance as well as for the effects of surgery. Additional homografts (n = 7) were transplanted following removal of the corneal endothelium to study the extent of host corneal endothelial cell regeneration. Pre- and post-operative endothelial cell counts of the homografts made from specular micrographs demonstrated an average cell loss of 30% one month following surgery. A similar 30% average cell loss was present in the rotational autografts. Clinically, both homografts and autografts remained clear and were near normal in thickness. Homografts lacking endothelium exhibited persistent, severe edema that correlated with the inability of the host corneal endothelium to resurface the graft. Clinical and morphologic evidence of mild homograft rejection was observed in 15% of the animals that received normal homografts. Corneal endothelial cell loss following penetrating keratoplasty in the cat approximates that observed following the same procedure in the human. Additionally, regenerative capacity of the corneal endothelium in the cat, like that of the human, is limited. These features suggest that this cooperative, hardy animal is an excellent model in which to study many aspects of corneal transplantation that have direct application to the treatment of human corneal disease.
The sensing of retinal motion

The apparent relative motion of physically stationary objects that frequently occurs as the head is moved in a frontoparallel plane is almost always in the direction expected from the projection into the distal world of the relative motion of the images on the eye. It is hypothesized that this is the result of the perceptual underestimation of the depth between the objects. If a perceptual overestimation of the depth were produced, it was predicted that the apparent relative motion would be in a direction opposite to that expected from the projection of the retinal motions. This prediction was tested using the binocular disparity cue to produce perceptual overestimation of the slant (depth) of a luminous line. In this case, perceived slant was the indicator of perceived depth, and perceived rotation concomitant with the motion of the head was the indicator of perceived relative motion. The results support the prediction and also provide some support for a theoretically derived equation specifying the relation between these two perceptual variables.
Ab Initio Study of Hydrogen Migration in 1-Alkylperoxy Radicals

Alkylperoxy and hydroperoxyalkyl radicals are key reactive intermediates in hydrocarbon oxidation mechanisms. An understanding of the interconversion of these two species via a hydrogen migration reaction is of fundamental importance to the prediction of chain branching reactions and end product composition. An extensive ab initio investigation of the hydrogen migration reaction in 1-ethyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, 1-pentyl, and 1-hexylperoxy radicals is conducted to assess the validity of using cycloalkanes to model the ring strain of their transition states as well as the effect of both location of the migrating hydrogen and directionality of the remaining alkyl chain in the transition state of the reaction involving a secondary hydrogen. The G2 and CBS-Q composite methods are used to determine the activation energy and enthalpy of reaction relative to the alkylperoxy radical. Both methods show good agreement with five experimentally determined reaction enthalpies, having root mean squared deviations of 0.7 a...
Sensitivity of the brain transcriptome to connexin ablation

Extensive studies on mice with total or partial disruption of either connexin43 (Cx43) or connexin32 (Cx32) have detected only subtle changes in central nervous system structure, growth, development, or function. We have used high density cDNA arrays to analyze the regulation, control, and coordination of the abundances of 7446 distinct transcripts in four brains, each of Cx43 null (K43), Cx43 heterozygous (H43), and Cx32 null (K32) mice as compared to the brains of wildtype (W) mice. The use of multiple samples allowed the determination of the statistical significance of gene regulation. Significantly regulated genes encoded proteins of all functional categories, extending beyond those that might be expected to depend on junctional communication. Moreover, we found a high degree of similarity between genes regulated in the K43 and H43 brains and a remarkable overlap between gene regulation in brains of K43 and K32. The regulated genes in both K43 and H43 brains showed an outstanding inverse coordination with the levels of expression of Cx43 in W brain, indicating that the regulated genes are largely predictable from their co-variance with Cx43 in the wildtype samples. These findings lead to the hypothesis that connexin expression may represent a central node in the regulation of gene expression patterns in brain.
Lack of effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in circulatory shock

Abstract Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) has been reported to reverse hypotension induced by a variety of agents and thus it has been suggested to be of therapeutic value in circulatory shock. We have investigated TRH (2 mg/kg bolus plus 2 mg/kg/hr infusion)in both hemorrhagic (cats) and traumatic shock (rats). TRH induced a pressor effect of 23±8 mm Hg ( p ) in cats and 19±3 mm Hg ( p ) in rats during hypotension. However, this transient (10–15 min) response did not result in any sustained improvement in the cardiovascular status of the animals in either shock model when compared to the vehicle. In addition, TRH did not attenuate any of the biochemical indices of the severity of the shock state (i.e., plasma amino-nitrogen concentrations, or plasma cathepsin D and MDF activities) nor did it improve survival time in traumatic shock ( 2.8±0.4 vs. 2.0±0.2 hours ). Furthermore, TRH resulted in a significant blunting of the maximum post-reinfusion superior mesenteric artery flow and enhanced β-glucuronidase release from liver lysosomal preparations in vitro. These potentially detrimental effects in conjunction with the lack of any overt protective effect under the conditions existing in these two shock models, do not provide evidence that TRH is beneficial as a therapeutic agent in circulatory shock.
Plant uptake of bicarbonate as measured with the11C isotope

11C which is cyclotron produced by14N(P, α)11C(half-life 20.1M) was use as a tracer of bicarbonate to determine its movements from a nutrient solution through roots to stems and leaves of bush bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Improved Tendergreen). The short time involved and the high solution pH minimized the need for use of the Hederson Hasselbach equation for activity correction. Quantities of11C did move into roots, stems and leaves with a sharp decreasing gradient (root/stem=14.5, stems/leaves=11.7) More11C moved into plants with KHCO3 than with NaHCO3. The (NH4)2SO4 enhanced11C uptake and KNO3 than with competition indicated possibility of some uptake of HCO3−. In an experiment withGalenia pubescens (Eckl. and Zeyh.) Druce, the11C was more readily moved to stems and leaves than in bush bean indicating substantial uptake of HCO3−.
Vitamin E enhances the lymphatic transport of β-carotene and its conversion to vitamin A in the ferret

Abstract Background/Aims: β-Carotene and α-tocopherol may have either antagonistic or synergistic effects on each other's absorption and metabolism. The effects of both physiological and pharmacological concentrations of α-tocopherol on the absorption and metabolism of β-carotene in ferret intestine were determined. Methods: A high concentration of β-carotene was perfused through the upper portion of the small intestine of ferrets in vivo with varying levels of α-tocopherol. The effluent of a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation, the intestinal mucosa scraping, and portal vein blood were sampled and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The lymphatic transport of β-carotene was enhanced 4-fold by α-tocopherol at a physiological dose and 12–21-fold at a pharmacological dose. The lymphatic transport of α-tocopherol was linearly ( r = 0.8; P
Spontaneous hemorrhage into the rectus abdominis muscle simulating acute intra-abdominal conditions

Abstract Spontaneous hemorrhage into the rectus abdominis muscle is discussed and three case histories are presented. In patients past middle life and in younger individuals with an acute febrile disease who present a clinical picture of varying degree characterized by abdominal pain, localized tenderness over the rectus muscle, a palpable mass and ecchymosis of the abdominal skin, hematoma of the rectus abdominis muscle is the preferable diagnosis. Operative therapy is usually indicated to control bleeding and to prevent a progressive hematoma with possible secondary infection.
Vita sofferta e vita scritta: Elio Schmitz, Stanislaus Joyce e i loro fratelli

What drew Italo Svevo and James Joyce together was in part a profound similarity in artistic sensibility. This similarity can be understood in fairly concrete terms if one examines the parallel relationships that these two writers had with their younger brothers. Both writers drew, in remarkably similar ways, from their younger brothers’ often painful experiences life. Both writers, in short, needed to maintain an indeterminate identity – something for which the city of Trieste was peculiarly suitable – in order to become and therefore to create the characters that would inhabit their imaginative writing.
Feasibility of real-time echocardiographic evaluation during patient transport

Abstract Echocardiography is a key diagnostic tool in evaluating patients with cardiac emergencies and chest trauma. The lack of qualified real-time interpretation limits its use by emergency first responders. Early diagnosis of cardiac emergencies has the potential to facilitate triage and medical intervention to improve outcomes. We investigated the feasibility of remote, real-time interpretation of echocardiograms during patient transport. Echocardiograms using a hand-carried ultrasound device were transmitted from an ambulance in transit to a tertiary care facility using a distributed mobile local area network. Transmitted studies were reviewed by a cardiologist for ability to interpret predefined features. Transmission quality and reliability were assessed. Echocardiographic images were successfully transmitted greater than 88% of transport time. The evaluation of left-ventricular size and function, and presence of pericardial effusion were greater than 90% concordant, but only 66% of all echocardiographic features were concordant. Most transmission losses were brief (≤10 seconds) with little impact on interpretability. Wireless infrastructures in metropolitan areas provide the ability for real-time transmission of echocardiograms during patient transport of adequate quality for accurate interpretation. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:197-201.)
Inactivation of the p53 gene by either mutation or HPV infection is extremely frequent in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines

The state of p53 tumour suppressor and the frequency of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections were studied in nine human oral cancer cell lines. Three cancer cell lines (SCC-4, Tu-177 and FaDu) had similar amounts of p53 transcripts to normal cells, but contained significantly higher levels of p53 protein than the normal control cells. Sequencing highly conserved open reading frames of the p53 gene of these cancer cells showed point mutations in the SCC-4 and Tu-177 cell lines, a base transition from CCC to TCC occurred at codon 151; and in the line FaDu, a mutation of CGG to CTG occurred at codon 248. The HEp-2 and 1483 cancer lines contained significantly lower levels of p53 protein compared to the normal counterpart. Sequencing of p53 cDNA for HEp-2 and 1483 lines showed no mutations, but northern analysis revealed that these cell lines expressed HPV-18 E6/E7 messages. Four cell lines (SCC-9, SCC-15, SCC-25, and Tu-139) expressed negligible amounts of p53 transcripts compared to the normal counterpart and undetectable levels of p53 protein. These cell lines contained mutations in the highly conserved open reading frames of the p53 gene as follows: the SCC-9 had a deletion of 32 base pairs between codons 274 and 285; the line SCC-15 had an insertion of five base pairs between codons 224 and 225; the line SCC-25 had a deletion of two base pairs in codon 209; and the Tu-139 line had a deletion of 46 base pairs between codons 171 and 186.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
216- and 316-GHz 45-nm SOI CMOS Signal Sources Based on a Maximum-Gain Ring Oscillator Topology

This paper introduces a maximum-gain ring oscillator (MGRO) topology that maximizes the power gain (PG) achieved by the active devices in a ring oscillator using appropriately designed passive matching networks to maximize the frequency of oscillation. A design methodology is provided along with expressions for the passive matching elements. In the absence of passive losses, the topology can oscillate at the fmax of the active devices. In the presence of passive loss, for the first time, the losses can be taken into account in a closed-form fashion to maximize device PG, and consequently, oscillation frequency. Based on this topology, two different oscillators operating at approximately 108 and 158 GHz are implemented using the 56-nm body-contacted devices (fmax ≈ 200 GHz) of IBM's 45-nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. The fact that these two oscillators function well with marginal startup gains of 2.62 and 0.62 dB, respectively, demonstrates the robustness of the techniques described here. The second harmonic of the oscillation is extracted using a load-pull-optimized extraction network. This topology can be generalized for the extraction of any harmonic from MGROs with a different number of stages. The oscillators generate -14.4 dBm at 216.2 GHz and -21 dBm at 316.5 GHz while drawing 57.5 and 46.4 mW of dc power, respectively. This paper also describes the modeling of CMOS active and passive devices for high millimeter-wave and sub-millimeter-wave integrated-circuit design.
Regional landscape mapping through a method of chain standardization of Landsat images

Abstract Large area landscape analysis and modeling are often based on the data of land cover categories, which represent the interface between natural conditions and human impacts over time and across space. This study proposes a method of imagery chain standardization, which is straightforward and simple for landscape scientists to do large area land cover analysis with commonly available Landsat data. Unlike image normalization methods using complicated atmospheric correction and radiometric conservation, chain standardization proposes that for a large area, one Landsat image locating around the center of this area is used as the reference image. The reference image is first used to standardize its nearest neighboring images by applying a simple linear regression equation without intercept, which is developed based on the overlap imagery areas. Likewise, the firstly standardized images are used as new reference images to standardize their neighboring images further away from the study area center, and till all images covering a study area are transformed to the standard of the reference image. We test imagery chain standardization by using support vector machine classifier to classify the land cover of the states of Louisiana and Arkansas, USA, into agriculture, barren lands, forest, urban, water, and wetlands. 66-scene commonly available Landsat TM images are standardized, which results in promising mosaics and classification performance with overall accuracy values about 90% and Kappa coefficients close to 1. The imagery chain standardization is a promising method for landscape scientists to do regional landscape mapping and modeling.
A dynamic capabilities-based entrepreneurial theory of the multinational enterprise

This paper develops a dynamic capabilities-based theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE). It first reviews scholarship on the MNE, with a focus on what has come to be known as “internalization” theory. One prong of this theory develops contractual/transaction cost-informed governance perspectives; and another develops technology transfer and capabilities perspectives. In this paper, it is suggested that the latter has been somewhat neglected. However, if fully integrated as part of a more complete approach, it can buttress transaction cost/governance issues and expand the range of phenomena that can be explained. In this more integrated framework, dynamic capabilities coupled with good strategy are seen as necessary to sustain superior enterprise performance, especially in fast-moving global environments. Entrepreneurial management and transformational leadership are incorporated into a capabilities theory of the MNE. The framework is then used to explain how strategy and dynamic capabilities together determine firm-level sustained competitive advantage in global environments. It is suggested that this framework complements contract-based perspectives on the MNE and can help integrate international management and international business perspectives.
A note on the asymptotic optimality of a two population sequential probability ratio test

Abstract It is shown that a two population sequential probability ratio test studied by a number of recent authors in the context of sequential medical trials is asymptotically optimal.
Finite element methods in wind engineering

Abstract We present a brief overview of the status of finite element methods in wind engineering. Technologies necessary for the development of general fluid-structure interaction capabilities in wind engineering are identified.
Why real wages do not fall when there is unemployment

Abstract Erroneous anticipations of fiscal policy results in involuntary unemployment. If mutually agreeable, unemployment may be eradicated by recontracting the real wage and employment level. However, if labor demand is inelastic, unit elastic, or within a bounded elastic range, unemployment persists.
Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation in Children

Objective: To describe a single-center experience of pediatric intestinal transplantation (Itx) and to provide an overview of the children who underwent this procedure along with their outcomes. Background Data: Pediatric Itx presents multiple challenges because of the very young ages at which patients require transplantation and their higher susceptibility to infectious complications. Methods: We have performed 141 Itx in 123 children with a median age of 1.37 years. Primary grafts included isolated intestine (n = 28), liver and intestine (n = 27), multivisceral (n = 61), and multivisceral without the liver (n = 7). Two protocol modifications were introduced in 1998: daclizumab induction and frequent rejection surveillance. In 2001, indications for multivisceral transplantation were expanded, and induction with Campath-lH was introduced. Results: Actuarial patient survival at 1 and 3 years for group 1 (January 1994 to December 1997, n = 25), group 2 (January 1998 to March 2001, n = 29), group 3a (April 2001 to present, daclizumab, n = 51), and group 3b (April 2001 to present, Campath-lH, n = 18) was 44%/32%, 52%/38%, 83%/60%, and 44%/44%, respectively (P = 0.0003 in favor of group 3a). Severe rejection implied a dismal prognosis (65% mortality at 6 months). Observed incidence of severe rejection in groups 1, 2, 3a, and 3b was 32%, 24%, 14%, and 11%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, use of a multivisceral (with or without liver) transplant (P = 0.002), induction with daclizumab (P = 0.005), patient at home prior to transplant (P = 0.007), and age at transplant ≥ 1 year (P = 0.02) favorably influenced patient survival. Multivisceral transplant was protective with respect to the mortality rate due to rejection, while an older age at transplant was associated with both a lower incidence rate of developing respiratory infection and lower risk of mortality following the respiratory infection. Survivors are off parenteral nutrition and have demonstrated significant growth catch-up. Conclusions: Itx in children still is a high-risk procedure but has now become a viable option for children who otherwise have no hope for survival. Control of respiratory infection is of particular importance in the younger children.
Non-Financial Ratios in the Undergraduate Business Policy Course in American Business Schools

The purpose of this empirical study was to determine the extent to which professors in U.S. schools of business teach and/or use nonfinancial ratios for case analysis in their undergraduate business policy course. Of the 71 AACSB-accredited and 52 non-accredited schools responding, only 52% said that they used nonfinancial ratios in undergraduate business policy. Of the 45.5% who said they did not use nonfinancial ratios, 48.2% said they expected other courses to do it; 14.3% said they did not have the time; and the remainder gave the suprising reason that nonfinancial ratios are “useless.” No differences were found in the treatment of nonfinancial ratios between AACSB-accredited and non-accredited schools or between different types and sizes of undergraduate business schools.
Divide and conquer under global constraints: a solution to the N -queens problem

Abstract Configuring N mutually nonattacking queens on an N -by- N chessboard is a classical problem that was first posed over a century ago. Over the past few decades, this problem has become important to computer scientists by serving as the standard example of a globally constrained problem which is solvable using backtracking search methods. A related problem, placing the N queens on a toroidal board, has been discussed in detail by Poyla and Chandra. Their work focused on characterizing the solvable cases and finding solutions which arrange the queens in a regular pattern. This paper describes a new divide-and-conquer algorithm that solves both problems and investigates the relationship between them. The connection between the solutions of the two problems illustrates an important, but frequently overlooked, method of algorithm design: detailed combinatorial analysis of an overconstrained variation can reveal solutions to the corresponding original problem. The solution is an example of solving a globally constrained problem using the divide-and-conquer technique, rather than the usual backtracking algorithm. The former is much faster in both sequential and parallel environments.
Silent Racism and Intellectual Superiority in Peru

Abstract Historically, racism as it is understood in South Africa or in parts of the Southern United States has not existed in Peru. The absence or at least the existence to a lesser degree of this type of tension grants us a superiority over our northern neighbours. In Peru, emancipation of slaves was relatively easy. This is not to say that there do not exist prejudices against Indians, cholos, and blacks, however these prejudices have not been sanctioned by the law and they have, more than a profound racial feeling, an economic, social and cultural character. Colour does not prevent an aborigine, mestizo, or Negroid from occupying high positions if they can accumulate wealth or achieve political success. Notwithstanding these fortunate cases, there is an enormous distance between the pongos [serfs] of a highland hacienda … and those highly cultured and refined Limenos, who routinely travel to Europe. This distance is neither racial, nor based on place of origin, rather it corresponds to what can be termed an historical state of things ( Jorge Basadre, 1964: 4686).
Property value impacts of foreclosed housing acquisitions under uncertainty

Abstract Community development corporations seek to stabilize neighborhoods affected by the recent foreclosure crisis through acquisition and redevelopment of distressed properties. One rationale for this work is the alleviation or avoidance of negative foreclosure impacts. We estimate the lost value to proximate properties associated with a single foreclosure through a Markov chain representing probabilistic transitions between foreclosure stages. We apply our model to a case study of foreclosure properties in Chelsea, MA. A rank ordering by estimated property value impacts indicates significant potential gains in social value as compared to current community development practice. We extend our basic model to address the effects of clusters of foreclosed units upon the value of proximate properties. This study provides additional support for the use of decision modeling in foreclosed housing acquisition and redevelopment.
The Stopping Power of Lithium for Low Energy Protons

The stopping power of lithium for protons as a function of energy has been calculated in the energy range 35 to 400 kv from measurements by Herb, Parkinson and Kerst and by the authors of the yields of 8 cm alpha-particles from thick and thin films of lithium. The absolute scale of units is based on an extrapolation of values given by Mano for the stopping power at energies above 500 kv. Integration of the reciprocals of the stopping power provides, except for a constant of integration which may be estimated, a knowledge of the range law as a function of energy.
Remember true FISP? A high SNR, near 1-second imaging method for T2- like contrast in interventional MRI at .2 T

Clinical requirements for interventional MRI (I-MRI) monitoring of needle placement or thermal ablation demand rapid (near-real-time) image acquisition rates, high spatial resolution, and T2 weighting. Experimental analysis performed earlier (see ref. 8) suggests that many sequences used for either rapid scanning or T2 weighting at high fields fail to meet both the speed (conventional spin echo [SE], turbo SE) or contrast (ie, fast low-angle shot [FLASH], fast imaging with steady state precession [FISP]) requirements when used at .2 T. In this work, we revisited a number of pulse sequences advocated primarily for higher field applications requiring T2 weighting and found that refocused steady state coherent pulse sequences, aka, true FISP sequences, performed superiorly in achieving both speed and T2 contrast requirements for I-MRI at .2 T. This work focuses on our experience with this new/old technique in the I-MRI setting and describes how one can take advantage of the low field strength and modest inhomogeneity of .2 T (and similar) systems to design pulse sequences that balance TE, TR (and hence T2 dephasing), and resonant offset frequency effects to provide images with the desired contrast and minimal artifactual field inhomogeneity “banding.” At high flip angles (∼90°), reasonably short TEs (∼5 msec) and short TRs (∼ 10 msec), we have used this method in our last 25 I-MRI procedures (biopsies and/or radiofrequency [RF] thermal ablations) and found these sequences to be extremely useful in both needle localization phases of I-MRI biopsy procedures, RF thermal ablation electrode guidance, and posttherapy imaging assessment. Design methods and clinical I-MRI cases are presented that highlight these points.
Design and Evaluation of an Interactive Exercise Coaching System for Older Adults: Lessons Learned

Although the positive effects of exercise on the well-being and quality of independent living for older adults are well accepted, many elderly individuals lack access to exercise facilities, or the skills and motivation to perform exercise at home. To provide a more engaging environment that promotes physical activity, various fitness applications have been proposed. Many of the available products, however, are geared toward a younger population and are not appropriate or engaging for an older population. To address these issues, we developed an automated interactive exercise coaching system using the Microsoft Kinect. The coaching system guides users through a series of video exercises, tracks and measures their movements, provides real-time feedback, and records their performance over time. Our system consists of exercises to improve balance, flexibility, strength, and endurance, with the aim of reducing fall risk and improving performance of daily activities. In this paper, we report on the development of the exercise system, discuss the results of our recent field pilot study with six independently living elderly individuals, and highlight the lessons learned relating to the in-home system setup, user tracking, feedback, and exercise performance evaluation.
Changes in Mitigation: Comparing Boston’s Big Dig and 1950s Urban Renewal

Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel project, known as the Big Dig, is the largest public works project ever undertaken in the United States. The project will cost more than $14 billion, with an estimated $3 billion spent on mitigation (and considerably more mitigation costs off budget). This article compares the mitigation efforts of the Big Dig with urban renewal and highway projects of the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1950s, federal urban renewal and highway programs allowed local governments to steamroll over cities without adequate representation of citizen interests. By the 1990s, when construction on the Big Dig began, participation requirements and environmental review had led to a reversal in policy to the extent that citizen, business and environmental stakeholders hold critical veto power that can effectively derail public works projects. The change in the political and regulatory environment has led to the development of a new model of political mitigation in which consensus building is key. This challenges transportation planners to create meaningful avenues for dialogue among stakeholder groups to attain design and implementation processes that facilitate investment in a shared outcome. A more inclusive planning process offers many benefits, but the extensive costs to mitigate issues raised by stakeholder groups may make megaprojects like Boston's Big Dig unfeasible in the future for other cities with deteriorating highway systems.