cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A tool to evaluate nonlinearity in calibration curves involving isotopic internal standards in mass spectrometry

Abstract Isotopic internal standards are widely employed for accurate quantitation in chemical and clinical analysis. Although this type of internal standardization – also referred to as isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) – has calibration curves that are inherently nonlinear, most analysts fit linear model to calibration data and use R2 as a metric to decide whether the calibration curves are reasonably linear. We show that this approximation can lead to significant errors even in cases when R2 > 0.99. We present a simulation approach – available as supplementary Excel spreadsheet – able to predict the IDMS calibration curves and estimate the errors that are introduced by the linear simplification. The simulation does not require experimental input and was validated using examples to cover cases of large, intermediate, and unnoticeable nonlinear calibration curves. This spreadsheet can be a valuable tool to plan IDMS experiments and to assess if a linear model is fit for purpose.
On the Complex Relationship between Energy Expenditure and Longevity: Reconciling the Contradictory Empirical Results with a Simple Theoretical Model

The relationship between energy expenditure and longevity has been a central theme in aging studies. Empirical studies have yielded controversial results, which cannot be reconciled by existing theories. In this paper, we present a simple theoretical model based on first principles of energy conservation and allometric scaling laws. The model takes into considerations the energy tradeoffs between life history traits and the efficiency of the energy utilization, and offers quantitative and qualitative explanations for a set of seemingly contradictory empirical results. We show that oxidative metabolism can affect cellular damage and longevity in different ways in animals with different life histories and under different experimental conditions. Qualitative data and the linearity between energy expenditure, cellular damage, and lifespan assumed in previous studies are not sufficient to understand the complexity of the relationships. Our model provides a theoretical framework for quantitative analyses and predictions. The model is supported by a variety of empirical studies, including studies on the cellular damage profile during ontogeny; the intra- and inter-specific correlations between body mass, metabolic rate, and lifespan; and the effects on lifespan of (1) diet restriction and genetic modification of growth hormone, (2) the cold and exercise stresses, and (3) manipulations of antioxidant.
Regulation of the cell cycle during diapause

Publisher Summary Insect diapause provides an engaging model for exploring the intricate interplay between signal transduction, gene expression, protein processing, and behavior. At the level of the whole organism, development is halted for several months until environmental or genetic cues terminate diapause and trigger progressive development. In at least three insect species, cell proliferation is arrested during diapause. However, the cell cycle phase of the arrest appears to be species-specific. Brain cells from the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, enter a G1 cell cycle arrest during diapause, while the optic lobe cells of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and embryonic cells from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Hormonal activity is linked to cell cycle status throughout the diapause program. This chapter reviews recent literature in eukaryotic cell cycle regulation, cell cycle control during insect diapause, and cell cycle regulation during dormancy periods in non-insect eukaryotes. Defining the mechanism of cell cycle control during diapause would be of potential benefit for insect control and could yield significant results in the fields of eukaryotic signal transduction, differential gene expression, and protein processing.
Reading Thomas Jefferson with TopicViz: Towards a Thematic Method for Exploring Large Cultural Archives

0 0 1 144 823 City University of New York 6 1 966 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} In spite of what Ed Folsom has called the “epic transformation of archives,” referring to the shift from print to digital archival form, methods for exploring these digitized collections remain underdeveloped. One method prompted by digitization is the application of automated text mining techniques such as topic modeling -- a computational method for identifying the themes that recur across an archive of documents. We review the nascent literature on topic modeling of literary archives, and present a case study, applying a topic model to the Papers of Thomas Jefferson. The lessons from this work suggest that the way forward is to provide scholars with more holistic support for visualization and exploration of topic model output, while integrating topic models with more traditional workflows oriented around assembling and refining sets of relevant documents. We describe our ongoing effort to develop a novel software system that implements these ideas.
Corticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission is temporally dissociated from the cognitive and locomotor effects of phencyclidine

The behavioral syndrome produced by phencyclidine (PCP) and its analog ketamine represents a pharmacological model for some aspects of schizophrenia. Despite the multifaceted properties of these drugs, the main mechanism for their psychotomimetic and cognitive-impairing effects has been thought heretofore to involve the corticolimbic dopamine system. The present study examined the temporal relationship between alterations in corticolimbic dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission and two dopamine-dependent behavioral effects of PCP in the rodent that have relevance to the clinical phenomenology, namely, impairment of working memory, which is used to model the frontal lobe deficits associated with schizophrenia, and hyperlocomotion, which is used as a predictor of the propensity of a drug to elicit or exacerbate psychosis. PCP increased dopamine and glutamate efflux in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, as measured by microdialysis. The increase in dopamine in both regions remained elevated well above baseline 2.5 hr after the injection, at which time the experiment was terminated. However, locomotor activity returned to baseline in <2 hr after injection. Furthermore, impaired performance in a discrete trial delayed alternation task, a rodent working memory task, was only evident up to 60 min after PCP injection; animals tested 80 min after injection, when cortical dopamine release was elevated at 300% of baseline, did not exhibit impaired performance. These findings indicate that activation of dopamine neurotransmission is not sufficient to sustain PCP-induced locomotion and impairment of working memory. Thus, effects of PCP, including a glutamatergic hyperstimulation, may be necessary to account for the psychotomimetic and cognitive-impairing effects of this drug.
THYROID HORMONE METABOLISM IN A TRANSTHYRETIN-NULL MOUSE STRAIN

Transthyretin (TTR) is the principal carrier of thyroid hormones in rodent plasma and the major protein synthesized by the choroid plexus. Mice lacking TTR generated by targeted disruption (Episkopou, V., Maeda, S., Nishiguchi, S., Shimada, K., Gaitanaris, G. A., Gottesman, M. E., and Robertson, E. J. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 2375-2379) had a 50% decrease in total thyroxine (T4) plasma levels but had normal free hormone levels as compared to wild-type mice. In the mutant serum there was increased T4 binding to thyroxine-binding globulin. Thyroxine-binding globulin mRNA levels were the same in mutant and wild-type animals. Wild-type serum depleted of TTR also presented increased T4 binding to thyroxine-binding globulin, suggesting that TTR competes with thyroxine-binding globulin for T4 binding. Total and free triiodothyronine and thyrotoropin-stimulating hormone levels were not affected by the absence of TTR. Liver deiodinase-I activity, mRNA levels, and brain deiodinase-II activity were normal in the mutant mice, suggesting that the absence of TTR does not affect tissue thyroid hormone content. The low T4 levels found in the mutant mice sera cannot be accounted for by increased glucuronidation because the liver activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was not affected in the TTR-deficient mice. We concluded that transthyretin-deficient mice are euthyroid in the absence of the major plasma T4 carrier. We ascribed this to the normal free hormone levels in the serum of the mutant mice. Our data, therefore, strongly supported the free hormone hypothesis for thyroxine uptake (Mendel, C. M. (1989) Endocr. Rev. 10, 232-274).
Motor Control of Tail Spine Rotation of the Horseshoe Crab, Limulus Polyphemus

1. Limulus polyphemus (L.), the horseshoe crab, rotates its tail spine in order to right tself and to keep itself balanced. 2. Eight muscles, discrete bundles of muscle fibres, move the tail spine. Fibres of the muscles contract in sequence and thereby pull consecutively on the several tendons of each muscle in order to rotate the tail spine in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. 3. Motoneurones in nerves to different muscles, fibres within a muscle and units in a nerve to a single muscle fire in different sequences during clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation of the tail spine. 4. The firing pattern consists of a major burst of small to large neurons which fire in clusters, and a minor burst of small neurones which appear to fire randomly. Motoneurones in both bursts are excitatory. The major burst develops tension, the minor burst acts during extension of the muscle and presumably impedes relaxation in order to produce stable deflexion and smooth rotation of the tail spine. 5. Muscle fibres respond to motor output with small excitatory junctional potentials of 6. Muscle fibres have sarcomere lengths of 6·5±0·8 µm and diameters of 10·60 µm. Nerve fibres range from less than 3 to 32 µm in diameter in large nerve branches, which contain between 50 and 100 fibres. 7. These findings indicate that two different motor programs evoke contraction of muscle fibres in opposite sequences. Sequential contraction of fibres within a muscle means that muscle fibres which are activated together, rather than whole muscles, are the functional contractile entities.
Invited Paper: CSIS Clearinghouse for Academic Research Communities in Japan

Center for Spatial Information Science (CSIS) has developed and run our own Clearinghouse for various academic researchers to share spatial data since 1999. This paper presents activities of the academic Clearinghouse and the backgrounds of it.
Hepatic ductoplasty and hepaticojejunostomy to treat narrow common hepatic duct during laparoscopic surgery for choledochal cyst

We describe a novel technique for laparoscopic hepatic ductoplasty and hepaticojejunostomy in choledochal cyst with a narrow common hepatic duct. After complete cyst excision, a longitudinal incision was made in the anterior wall of the narrow common hepatic duct to enlarge the anastomotic opening. Next, the anterior wall was everted, then anchored to the hepatic hilum by suturing. Anchoring of the anterior wall provided a good field of view for creating the anastomosis, and the lumen of the anastomotic region was also secured. We believe that our technique is feasible and useful when the duct size is small.
Model predictive control of a power-split Hybrid Electric Vehicle with combined battery and ultracapacitor energy storage

In this paper, merits of using an ultracapacitor in combination with a battery in a power-split Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is analyzed. For this, an online optimization-based model predictive controller (MPC) is designed and a closed-loop model of the system is developed. Based on the definition of C-rate parameter which indicates the discharge intensity of the battery, a number of simulations over standard driving cycles are performed. Closed-loop simulations on a detailed model of the HEV show that adding the ultracapacitor to the ESS unit can reduce intensity of battery discharge, as indicated by the C-rate, noticeably.
Further Characterization of Skin Tumor Promotion and Progession by Mezerein in SENCAR Mice

This study evaluated the skin tumor-promoting activity of mezerein in SENCAR mice. The effect of initiation dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) on tumor promotion by mezerein was examined. Excellent dose-response relationships were observed for initiation with DMBA at 0.2-20 micrograms per mouse with mezerein as a complete promoter. None of the mezerein-only promotion groups had papilloma responses similar to those of the corresponding groups receiving two-stage promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) followed by mezerein, even when a 40-micrograms initiating dose of DMBA was used. The effect delaying promotion with mezerein for 10 weeks was also examined in mice initiated with either 0.2, 2, 20, or 40 micrograms of DMBA per mouse. The 10-week delay led to a slight increase in the number of papillomas per mouse in some but not all treatment groups. Again, none of the delayed-mezerein-treatment groups had papilloma responses similar to those of the corresponding two-stage promotion (TPA-mezerein) groups at any corresponding initiating dose of DMBA. Finally, the progression of papillomas to carcinomas during promotion with mezerein was examined in groups of mice initiated with either 2 or 20 micrograms of DMBA. Higher ratios of carcinomas to papillomas were observed in mice promoted with mezerein than in mice receiving TPA promotion or two-stage promotion (TPA-mezerein). However, the presence of two to four times more papillomas in some mezerein-treated groups did not lead to greater numbers of carcinomas than in the groups with fewer papillomas. The data do not support the idea that spontaneous stage I promotion can be induced by delaying mezerein treatment for 10 weeks. Furthermore, the data suggest that the higher ratio of carcinomas to papillomas observed with mezerein promotion may be a function of the lower tumor burdens obtained after promotion with this compound rather than a specific property of the chemical.
Reasons for Hierarchical Linear Modeling: A Reminder

Abstract Delimitations of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) were examined in terms of fixed and random effects in multilevel data analyses. The author used examples at the local and national levels to illustrate proper applications of HLM and dummy variable regression. Cautions are raised regarding circumstances under which hierarchical data do not need HLM.
Identification of a DNA Segment Exhibiting Rearrangement Modifying Effects upon Transgenic δ-deleting Elements

Control of the rearrangement and expression of the T cell receptor α and δ chains is critical for determining T cell type. The process of δ deletion is a candidate mechanism for maintaining separation of the α and δ loci. Mice harboring a transgenic reporter δ deletion construct show α/β T cell lineage–specific use of the transgenic elements. A 48-basepair segment of DNA, termed HPS1A, when deleted from this reporter construct, loses tight lineage-specific rearrangement control of transgenic elements, with abundant rearrangements of transgenic δ-deleting elements now in γ/δ T cells. Furthermore, HPS1A augments recombination frequency of extrachromosomal substrates in an in vitro recombination assay. DNA binding proteins recognizing HPS1A have been identified and are restricted to early B and T cells, during the time of active rearrangement of endogenous TCR and immunoglobulin loci. These data are consistent with δ deletion playing an important role in maintaining separate TCR α and δ loci.
Diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies by high-performance liquid chromatography

This report describes a unique cation exchange high-performance liquidchromatography capable of separating more than 40 frequently encountered human hemoglobins and variants within 12 min. Some of these variants are unresolvable by the conventional electrophoretic methods and would thus lead to an incorrect diagnosis of hemoglobinpathy. The method provides high sensitivity, superior resolution and accurate quantitation of hemoglobin concentrations. It can also be fully automated thus make it an ideal methodology for the diagnosis of hemoglobin disorders in a routine clinical laboratory.
Permutation on hybrid natural inflation

We analyze a model of hybrid natural inflation based on the smallest non-Abelian discrete group ${S}_{3}$. Leading invariant terms in the scalar potential have an accidental global symmetry that is spontaneously broken, providing a pseudo-Goldstone boson that is identified as the inflaton. The ${S}_{3}$ symmetry restricts both the form of the inflaton potential and the couplings of the inflaton field to the waterfall fields responsible for the end of inflation. We identify viable points in the model parameter space. Although the power in tensor modes is small in most of the parameter space of the model, we identify parameter choices that yield potentially observable values of $r$ without super-Planckian initial values of the inflaton field.
HLA haplotype sharing and proband genotype in IDDM.

We previously proposed that the HLA-related genetic susceptibility to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is best explained by at least two different susceptibility alleles, one preferentially associated with DR3, the other with DR4. This IDDM HLA heterogeneity model predicts that HLA haplotype sharing among affected sibpairs will be increased when the index case is a compound heterozygote (i.e., DR3/DR4). This prediction was tested and confirmed using the GAW IV IDDM data set. A significantly increased sharing of HLA haplotypes was seen when the index sib was DR3/DR4 compared to those of other genotypes (68% versus 37% sharing 2 haplotypes, p less than .01).
Comparative inhibition of the juvenile hormone esterases from Trichoplusia ni, Tenebrio molitor, and Musca domestica.

Abstract Twenty-seven compounds were screened as potential inhibitors of juvenile hormone esterases. Of these compounds O -ethyl- S -phenyl phosphoramidothiolate provided the best inhibition for the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L., while the juvenile hormone esterases of the house fly, Musca domestica L., were best inhibited by a juvenoid carbamate (1-( m -phenoxy- N -ethyl carbamate)-3,7-dimethyl-7-methoxy-2 E -octene). The inhibition patterns of T. ni and T. molitor are similar, while those of M. domestica are relatively different. Further studies on the juvenile hormone and α-napthyl acetate esterases of T. ni showed that they could be differentially inhibited. Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and an alkyl trifluoromethyl ketone selectively inhibit the hydrolysis of α-naphthyl acetate and juvenile hormone, respectively, while O -ethyl- S -phenyl phosporamidothiolate inhibits both enzymes. The juvenile hormone esterases of T. ni also appear to be unique enzymes that are selective for juvenile-hormone-like molecules. The in vivo inhibition of T. ni juvenile hormone esterases by O -ethyl- S -phenyl phosphoramidothiolate slows the in vivo hydrolysis of juvenile hormone and results in delayed pupation and malformed larvae that resemble larval-pupal intermediates. Thus, the esterases involved in juvenile hormone metabolism appear to be important in juvenile hormone regulation.
A note on optimal nonparametric function estimation

Abstract Some existence and uniqueness theorems of optimal nonparametric function estimation for Hilbert spaces are developed for Banach spaces. In particular, the results for reflexive Banach spaces parallel those for Hilbert spaces.
Mode conversion at GCPW-to-microstrip-line transitions

Mode conversion at the transition between grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) and microstrip line is demonstrated. Experimental results show the effect of overmoding in a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide on the transition behavior. A simple micromachining solution is used to cancel the parasitic modes triggered by the transition in the GCPW feed line. This results in an insertion loss of 0.3 dB and a return loss better than -18 dB from 75 to 110 GHz. The transition can prove very useful for millimeter-wave packaging and interconnects.
Salzmann's Nodular Degeneration of the Cornea

Eleven corneal specimens from nine patients with Salzmann's nodular degeneration of the cornea, together with all available clinical information, were collected for this study. The specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. An antecedent keratitis was diagnosed by history and microscopic findings in every case. The corneal epithelium showed degenerative changes, its thickness varied, and in nodular areas it often consisted of only a single layer of flattened epithelial cells by light microscopy. Bowman's membrane was missing over the nodules, and in this zone there was excessive secretion of a basement membrane-like material. Hyaline degeneration of collagen, cellular debris, and electron-dense hyaline deposits were seen in the collagen of the nodules. The number of fibrocytes in the nodules varied from many that were active to a few that were degenerating. External irritation because of poor epithelial protection was interpreted as a causative factor, although other tissue repair mechanisms may also have played a role.
Characteristics associated with the persistence of antisocial behavior: Results from recent longitudinal research☆

Findings from recent longitudinal studies regarding characteristics that may predict continuity or discontinuity in antisocial behavior are reviewed, including preliminary results from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, a population-based, longitudinal study of the development of substance abuse and associated psychological disorders. We conclude that compared to temporary antisocial behavior that desists following midadolescence, persistent antisocial behavior in adulthood is associated with lower IQ and achievement, more pathological personality characteristics, greater substance abuse, early progression along developmental pathways of antisocial behavior, and increased risk for conduct disorder in offspring. In addition, we suggest that in the future, increased attention may be warranted to individuals with unusually late onsets of severe antisocial behavior in late adolescence or early adulthood, because these individuals appear to share many of the same negative characteristics in adulthood as individuals with early onsets prior to adolescence.
Prediction of damage in optical coatings due to thermal stresses caused by bulk absorption of X-rays

The numerical modeling of crack growth produced by thermal stresses and strains is the focus of this article. This effort was part of the SOC (Survival of Coatings) program, the purpose of which was to develop optical coatings that will survive extreme space environments. The main area of emphasis of the SOC program was the design of optical components to survive x-ray fluences. Thermal stress cracking caused by temperatures resulting from the material's absorption of x-rays was the dominant failure mode. The results show that bending caused by uneven thermal expansion of the fused silica substrate layer, and the larger coefficients of thermal expansion of the beryllium heat sink and aluminum reflecting layers, were key factors in producing the conditions that led to thermal cracking and the subsequent degradation of the optical performance of the surfaces upon the absorption of x-rays.
Fractional spin via canonical quantization of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model

The 2 + 1 dimensional O(3) nonlinear sigma model with Hopf term of strength ϑ is canonically quantized. The solitons of topological charge Q are found to have spin equal to (ϑ/2π)Q2 modulo an integer. Collective coordinate quantization in the Q = 1 sector is described and there is a discussion of the current algebra of this model.
The effect of external drainage of bile on cholesterolemia.

Abstract The cholesterolopenic phenomenon — decrease of up to 30 % for total cholessterol and up to 23% for esterified cholesterol — has been obtained as an effect of external drainage of bile from the common biliary duct.
The Process of Sex Segregation in a Gender-Typed Field: The Case of Male Nurses:

To what extent do organizational hiring practices contribute to the variation in men's share of hospital registered nursing (RN) positions? The answer to this question provides key insight into the process of workplace sex segregation in a traditionally feminine field. To that end, the present analyses examine how informal and formal hiring practices in over sixty Pacific Northwest hospitals affect the share of men holding hospital RN positions. Findings from Tobit regression analyses indicate that men's share of hospital RN jobs increases with an increased use of informal referrals to recruit RNs. Supervisor monitoring of hiring decisions, hospital use of walk-ins, and employment agency referrals to recruit RN applicants have no effect on men's share of RN positions. Although unexpected, these results are explicable in light of the occupation's feminine gender type and gender status beliefs. The author discusses the implications of these findings for research investigating the sex segregation process in ...
Neutron Spectral Brightness of Cold Guide 4 at the High Flux Isotope Reactor

The High Flux Isotope Reactor resumed operation in June of 2007 with a supercritical hydrogen cold source in horizontal beam tube 4. Cold guide 4 is a guide system designed to deliver neutrons from this source with a reasonable flux at wavelengths greater than 4 ? to several instruments, and includes a 15-m, 96-section, 4-channel bender. A time-of-flight spectrum with calibrated detector was recorded at port C of cold guide 4, and compared to McStas simulations, to generate a brightness spectrum.
Verification of Contaminant Sorption by Soil–Bentonite Barrier Materials Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry

The performance of a soil.bentonite barrier material as a sorbent for heavy metals was investigated in the laboratory using an influent containing 20 mg/L of Pb\U2\N at a pH of 5. The target parameters were the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.bentonite mix and the difference between Pb\U+2\N concentrations in the influent and effluent. A hydraulic conductivity of 1.010\U-8\N cm/s was achieved, the mixture was found to meet common regulatory specifications for hazardous waste containment. After four pore volumes of flow through specimens placed in a column, no Pb\U+2\N was detected in the effluent. Sorption was verified through acid extraction and identification of Pb\U+2\N on barrier sample cross sections using microanalysis of specimen slices with a scanning electron microscope and the associated energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry spectra indicated that the Pb\U+2\N partitioned selectively to the bentonite fraction of the mix. The results confirm the ability of this mixture of soil.bentonite to function as an effective barrier for aqueous Pb\U+2\N solution. This method of microanalysis appears to have promise as an effective tool for assessing relative affinity of contaminants for specific mineralogical constituents of a barrier mixture and may have applications in sorption performance assessments of other multicomponent barrier systems. If each barrier material is tested separately, the effects of the texture of the mix on sorption and hydraulic characteristics of the mix cannot be effectively assessed.
LIFE HISTORY VARIATIONS IN A PREDOMINANTLY GAMETOPHYTIC POPULATION OV IRIDAEA CORDATA (GIGARTINACEAE, RHODOPHYTA)1

An Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory population made up of 83% gametophytes and 17% tetrasporophytes demonstrated little variation in these proportions over three years. These data contrast with an expectation that alternations of generations, as demonstrated by culture studies, should result in equal numbers of isomorphic generations. Analyses of reproductive and demographic attributes of the population were made to better understand the role of alternation of generations in this population. Growth and mortality rates in the summer could not account for the success of gametophytes. however, size class frequencies demonstrated that tetrasporophytes were smaller individuals. Sporelings recruited into this intertidal region and made up 20% of the spring population numbers. Even with this level of recruitment, gametophyte-to-tetrasporophyte ratios did not change. Perennating holdfasts regenerated 80% of the spring number and 90% of the total blade area. Consequently, perennation and differential survival of gametophyte spores or sporelings are proposed as mechanisms maintaining gatnetophyte dominance in this San Juan Island, Washington population.
A note on the deacylation of the carcinogen 2-acetamidofluorene and related compounds by rat liver and intestine☆

Abstract The deacylation of the carcinogen 2-acetamidofluorene and several related 2-acylaminofluorenes to 2-aminoflorene by rat liver slices, intestinal strips, and aqueous extracts of intestine, was studied. Intestinal strips deacylated all substrates at faster rates than did liver slices. Aqueous extracts of intestine likewise cleaved 2-acetamidofluorene at appreciable rates. Evidence is presented that the observed hydrolyses were due to a deacylase of the intestine and not to bacterial action. The relative rates of release of 2-aminofluorene by intestinal strips from various 2-acylaminofluorenes closely parallels the relative carcinogenicities of these compounds.
Rank and inertia of a complex hadamard Power

The purpose of the present note is to investigate the rank, hermitian property, inertia, eigenvalues, etc.of the matrix where α is a complex number, zα is the principal value of zα, and A is a positive semi-definite hermitian matrix of rank 1. The probability distribution of the ranks of is also studied. For general n, the Hadamard power matrix is shown to have the same rank as a related matrix of complex exponentials. Properties of the rank of are analyzed in detail for n ≤ 3. In fact, if A has no negative off-diagonal entries then the rank of is odd.
Aztlán as a Palimpsest: From Chicano Nationalism Toward Transnational Feminism in Anzaldúa's Borderlands

Although it has long been one of the founding concepts of Chicano identity, explored as myth, history and as a cultural utopia to be achieved in works by many Chicano writers, the idea of Aztlan presented by Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales in “El plan espiritual de Aztlan” is not the same as when presented by later Chicano writers, most notably Gloria Anzaldua. In Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, a key work of Chicana feminism, borderlands theory, queer theory and transnational feminism, Anzaldua articulates a politics of Aztlan. Using Daniel Cooper Alarcon's concept of Aztlan as a metaphorical palimpsest, I argue that earlier Chicano movement views of Aztlan resurface in Borderlands, reasserting foundational concepts of Chicano nationalism at the same time that Anzaldua rewrites them in her own feminist critique and reworking of the Chicano Movement to create a space for a transnational feminist practice. Although explicitly denying the utility of latinidad as a unifying concept for achieving political and social change, Anzaldua does argue for a new mestiza consciousness that opens up the nationalist theories of Chicano identity to the space of the transnational.
Precision calibration of calorimeter electronics in the D0 liquid argon/uranium particle detector

The calibration system built for the D0 experiment has been shown to provide the necessary stability and uniformity across the entire calorimeter. However, during its engineering evolution, many compromises have been made, such as the inverting transformer and the 50- Omega pulser, filter, and attenuator. The system is used to deliver and distribute a 300-ns pulse across 50000 channels of electronics with better than 0.25% difference between channels from a location more than 200 ft away. The system is used for both cross-calibration and functionality checking (i.e., missing channels). Design of a fixed-width pulse generator of high stability is presented as a key ingredient in the system's overall performance. In addition, the design of a controlled impedance distribution system is discussed. >
Functional starch-binding domain of Aspergillus glucoamylase I in Escherichia coli.

Abstract We have fused three starch-binding domains (SBD) encoding gene fragments (residues 511–616, 495–616 and 481–616) of glucoamylase I (GAI) to the 3' end of the Escherichia coli malE gene encoding maltose-binding protein (MBP). The fusion proteins were produced in E. coli and were purified by chromatography on cross-linked amylose. Factor X a digestion of the fusion proteins resulted in the release of functional SBD fragments which were separated from MBP on the basis of their differential binding to cross-linked amylose. The amino acid (aa) composition of the purified SBD fragments agreed with the respective amino acid compositions of GAI. The sizes of the SBD fragments were 11.9, 13.8 and 15.6 kDa, respectively.
Spatial structure of a confined swirling flow using planar elastic scatter imaging and laser Doppler velocimetry

Abstract This paper reports the results of a study of the instantaneous spatial structure of a confined swirling flow after a sudden expansion. The flow chosen corresponds to the cold flow conditions of an axisymmetric laboratory-scale research furnace. The swirl number of the flow is 0.7 at the inlet plane and the expansion diameter ratio is 6:1. The flow has a centre hub-to-throat diameter ratio of 1:4. Data are reported for the instantaneous spatial structure of the flow via transient planar elastic scattering imaging. This technique allows for unambiguous visualization of the spatial structure of the flow by slicing through it with a thin sheet (≅ 1.5 mm) of light at various locations in the axial/radial and radial/azimuthal planes. By varying the time delay between introduction of the seeding material and data acquisition, features of the flow that would ordinarily be inaccessible are revealed. Laser Doppler velocimetry is used to measure the time-averaged and root mean square velocity components in all three coordinate directions. Using these data, we construct a model of the flow from the viewpoint of the vorticity fed into the flow and its subsequent dynamics. This viewpoint suggests different reasons for the development of the observable features of the flow and shows promise for helping to deconvolve the apparent complexity of this flowfield.
Surface attachment chemistry for in situ probe DNA amplification

Routine expression analysis of complete mammalian genomes will require the extension of several existing technologies. Spotters will need to be able to print features more densely, and the cost and labor involved in preparing probe DNA for slide manufacture needs to be reduced. To meet these goals, we employ non-contact piezoelectric ink-jet print heads. These print heads can produce features as small as 50 microns, and we routinely spot samples at densities allowing 100,000 features per slide. With 75 micron center-to-center spacing, one would be able to spot 200,000 features per slide. Another advantage of ink-jet print heads is that features can be printed without stopping spotter movement, and can therefore achieve printing speeds of 20 spots per second per printing head. DNA preparation by conventional PCR is labor intensive, time consuming and expensive. One hundred thousand PCR reactions require greater than 1,000 96-well plates, and 100 microliter reactions use nearly $1 worth of enzyme per reaction. This will prohibit many labs from routinely manufacturing complete mammalian chips. We have developed a surface attachment chemistry that allows the probe DNA to be amplified directly on the slide in a single enzymatic process, making the cost and time required to prepare a slide only a few times greater than a single reaction. Using this chemistry, the probes are attached at their 5' ends to an acrylamide matrix. This approach has two theoretical advantages. First, probe molecules are attached to a volume of acrylamide rather than a two-dimensional surface, which enables a greater amount of probe to be attached per feature. In principle, this could increase the signal-to-noise ratio of hybridization reactions. Second, a 5' attachment increases the kinetics of target-probe hybridization, and may increase the specificity of hybridization compared with probes attached to the surface at many bases by UV crosslinking. We believe this will allow more stringent wash conditions, and may enhance the specificity of hybridization reactions.
BLOOD PRESSURE (BP) INCREASES DURING FEEDING ARE ASSOCIATED WITH VOLUME OF INTAKE. 1821

BP and heart rate (HR) increase during feeding in neonates. In the current study we investigated the relationship between response magnitude and volume of feeding. Subjects were 14 healthy, medically well, full-term neonates between the ages of 12 and 35 hrs. BP and HR were measured at four times: in the crib prior to feeding, while being held by the mother immediately before feeding, during the first 3 min of bottle feeding, in the crib 20-30 min after feeding. We also measured volume consumed during the first 3 min of feeding. The means (±SE) for systolic BP (mmHg) and HR (bpm) for each of the 4 periods (crib, held, feeding, crib) were: BP of 63±2, 72±2, 80±3, 63±1; HR of 135±4, 136±4, 146±3, 136±3. There were significant increases in BP while being held by the mother (p<.01), and a further increase during feeding (p<.01). HRs were higher during feeding than at all other times (all p<.01). During the first 3 minutes of feeding, the mean formula intake was 19 ml (range 9 to 30 ml). Changes in systolic BP were positively correlated with volume of intake(r=+.75, p<.01). There was no correlation between HR increases and volume of intake. These results show that much of the variability in the BP increases during feeding is related to the amount of nutrient ingested. This could be due to difference in sucking effort or other aspects of feeding efficiency.
Effect of perceived racial discrimination on self-care behaviors, glycemic control, and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes

Objective: This study used a large sample size of black and white patients with type 2 diabetes to investigate the influence of perceived racial discrimination on biologic measures (glycemic control, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol), the mental component of quality of life (MCS), and health behaviors known to improve diabetes outcomes. Methods: 602 patients were recruited from two adult primary care clinics in the southeastern United States. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations between perceived racial discrimination, self-care, clinical outcomes, MCS, adjusting for relevant covariates. Race-stratified models were conducted to examine differential associations by race. Results: The mean age was 61 years, with 64.9 % non-Hispanic black, and 41.6 % earning less than $20,000 annually. Perceived discrimination was significantly negatively associated with MCS (β = −0.56, 95 % CI −0.90, 0.23), general diet (β = −0.37, CI −0.65, −0.08), and specific diet (β = −0.25, CI −0.47, −0.03). In African Americans, perceived discrimination was significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure (β = 10.17, CI 1.13, −19.22). In Whites, perceived discrimination was significantly associated with lower MCS (β = −0.51, CI −0.89, −0.14), general diet (β = −0.40, CI −0.69, −0.99), specific diet (β = −0.25, CI −0.47, −0.03), and blood glucose testing (β = −0.43, CI −0.80, −0.06).Conclusions: While no association was found with biologic measures, perceived discrimination was associated with health behaviors and the MCS. In addition, results showed a difference in influence of perceived discrimination by race.
Homologous Disease Reactivation by X-radiation

Hybrid F 1 mice (BDF 1 ) that failed to develop homologous disease after injection of parental (C57 Bl/6) spleen cells were treated with 400 roentgens of total body x-radiation 13 months later. Typical homologous disease promptly developed in these mice. This suggests that parental lymphoid cells may acquire immunologic tolerance to "foreign" host antigens and that the tolerant state is disrupted by sublethal doses of radiation.
Value of Faster Computation for Power Grid Operation

Abstract As a result of the grid evolution meeting the information revolution, the power grid is becoming far more complex than it used to be. How to feed data in, perform analysis, and extract information in a real-time manner is a fundamental challenge in today's power grid operation, not to mention the significantly increased complexity in the smart grid environment. Therefore, high performance computing (HPC) becomes one of the advanced technologies used to meet the requirement of real-time operation. This paper presents benefit case studies to show the value of fast computation for operation. Two fundamental operation functions, state estimation (SE) and contingency analysis (CA), are used as examples. In contrast with today's tools, fast SE can estimate system status in a few seconds–-comparable to measurement cycles. Fast CA can solve more contingencies in a shorter period, reducing the possibility of missing critical contingencies. The benefit case study results clearly show the value of faster computation for increasing the reliability and efficiency of power system operation.
Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Obliteration Using Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest

Giant intracranial aneurysms pose significant technical problems for the neurosurgical team. Because of the location and structure of these lesions, the risks associated with traditional surgical techniques are usually unacceptable. Although aneurysm clipping using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was first described 30 years ago, it was nearly abandoned because of poor outcomes associated with the systemic and cardiac complications of extracorporeal circulation. Advances in cardiopulmonary bypass techniques have inspired renewed interest in the use of this method in surgery for intracranial aneurysm. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, using low-flow states, has yielded exceptional patient outcomes. This increasingly popular means of management provides unique challenges to the neurosurgical health care team. Understanding the pre-, intra-, and postoperative care of these patients is imperative for neurosurgical nurses of the twenty-first century.
Gender differences in children's pain experience following tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and/or myringotomy

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if there are gender differences in children's behavioural responses to pain and self-reports of pain intensity, as well as responses to analgesic medications in the post anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and day surgery area. Eighty-seven children (3 to 12 years), undergoing tonsillectomy, were enrolled in the study. Pain intensity was measured using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and the Oucher. In the PACU, intravenous fentanyl (0.5 g kg −1 ) was administered on an ‘as needed' basis. CHEOPS scores were obtained prior to each fentanyl dose, five minutes after administration in the PACU, and hourly in the day surgery area. In the PACU, boys had higher pre-fentanyl and post-fentanyl CHEOPS scores than girls. Of the six categories of behaviour rated on the CHEOPS, boys had significantly higher pre-fentanyl scores for touch and legs, and higher post-fentanyl scores for touch, legs, and torso compared with girls. Children were unable to use the Oucher in the PACU. No gender differences were found in total fentanyl dose administered in the PACU. However, fentanyl doses were administered sooner to boys compared with girls. In the day surgery area, there were no significant gender differences in the CHEOPS scores. However, girls reported significantly higher pain intensity scores using the Oucher on discharge from the PACU and at the first hourly measure in day surgery. There were no significant gender differences in total fentanyl dose, time of administration, or length of stay in the day surgery area. Our data suggest that gender does influence children's behavioural responses to pain and self-report of pain intensity and may influence the timing of analgesic administration.
A land use regression for predicting fine particulate matter concentrations in the New York City region

Abstract We developed regression equations to predict fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) at air monitoring locations in the New York City region using data on nearby traffic and land use patterns. Three-year averages (1999–2001) of PM 2.5 at US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitors in the 28 counties including and surrounding New York City were calculated using daily data from the EPA's Air Quality Subsystem. As the secondary contribution to PM 2.5 concentrations is lowest in the winter, we also calculated and modeled average winter 2000 PM 2.5 to conduct a preliminary evaluation of model sensitivity to source contribution. Candidate predictor variables included traffic, land use, census and emissions data from local, state and national sources and were tabulated for a series of circular buffer regions at varying distances around the monitors using a geographic information system. In total, more than 25 variables at 5 different buffer distances were considered for inclusion in the model. Before evaluating the variables we removed several samples from the modeling for validation. For comparison and validation purposes we computed both a model using data for the full 28-county region as well as a more urbanized 9-county region. We found that traffic within a buffer of 300 or 500 m explains the greatest proportion of variance (37–44%) in all 3 models. Measures of urbanization, specifically population density, explain a significant amount of the residual variation (7–18%) after including a traffic variable. Finally, a measure of industrial land use further improves the 28-county and 9-county models based on the 3-yr annual averages, explaining an additional 4% and 11% of the variation, respectively, while vegetative land use improves the winter model explaining an additional 6%. The final models predicted well at validation locations. In total, the final land use regression models explain between 61% and 64% of the variation in PM 2.5 .
Un-Tethered, Active Ankle-Foot Orthotic

Foot drop, or the inability to dorsiflex the foot (i.e., point your toe upward) is a fairly common lasting side-effect of a stroke, affecting approximately 20% of stroke survivors (∼1.3 million people each year). The customers have adopted the use of Ankle Foot Orthotics (AFOs) in order to aid in the dorsi-flexion of the foot. These passive devices do not allow users to safely move down inclines or stairs as the user’s foot will always be pointed upwards when off the ground.Copyright © 2013 by ASME