cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cranial arterial pattern of the Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain, Moschiola memmina, and comparative basicranial osteology of the Tragulidae

The cranial arterial pattern of artiodactyls deviates significantly from the typical mammalian pattern. One of the most striking atypical features is the rete mirabile epidurale: a subdural arterial meshwork that functionally and anatomically replaces the arteria carotis interna. This meshwork facilitates an exceptional ability to cool the brain, and was thought to be present in all artiodactyls. Recent research, however, has found that species of mouse deer (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae) endemic to the Malay Archipelago possess a complete a. carotis interna instead of a rete mirabile epidurale. As tragulids are the sister group to pecoran ruminants, the lack of a rete mirabile epidurale in these species raises intriguing evolutionary questions about the origin and nature of artiodactyl thermoregulatory cranial vasculature. In this study, cranial arterial patterns are documented for the remaining species within the Tragulidae. Radiopaque latex vascular injection, computed tomography (CT-scanning), and digital 3-dimensional anatomical reconstruction are used to image the cranial arteries of a Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain, Moschiola meminna. Sites of hard and soft tissue interaction were identified, and these osteological correlates were then sought in nine skulls representative of the remaining tragulid species. Both hard and soft tissue surveys confirm that the presence of an a. carotis interna is the common condition for tragulids. Moreover, the use of a 3-D, radiographic anatomical imaging technique enabled identification of a carotico-maxillary anastomosis that may have implications for the evolution of the artiodactyl rete mirabile epidurale.
Performance of high-frequency three-component stations for azimuth estimation from regional seismic phases

Abstract We assessed the performance of high-frequency three-component stations for estimating bearing of regional phases using P waves from 18 mining explosions at a single construction site in Norway. We studied errors in bearing estimates as a function of the parameters frequency, frequency bandwidth, SNR, and analysis window length using seismic signals recorded on a three-component high-frequency (> 50 Hz) seismic element (HFSE) located at the NORESS array in Norway. We found that the time-bandwidth product (TB) and SNR are the most important factors in reducing the bearing estimation error. Bearing errors were minimized for SNR ≧ a factor of 5, and TB ≧ 100. We also found that three-component signals contain bearing information at frequencies as high as 45 Hz when there is sufficient SNR in the signal. Bearing estimation performance can be significantly improved by the appropriate selection of signal parameters, such as window length and frequency. Since these parameters are usually unknown, we propose a parameter variation technique that extracts the best answer by first determining the bearing distribution as a function of the above parameters. The results of this study indicate that with a single three-component station and for high (≧ 5) SNR, the parameter variation method can determine the bearings of events to within a standard deviation of 6°, which is similar to the uncertainty in NORESS array bearing estimates for the same events.
Do Nonopioid Medications Provide Effective Analgesia in Adult Patients With Acute Renal Colic

This is a clinical synopsis, a regular feature of the Annals’ Systematic Review Snapshot (SRS) series. The source for this systematic review snapshot is: Afshar K, Jafari S, Marks AJ, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and non-opioids for acute renal colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(6): CD006027.
ABA-dependent and -independent G-protein signaling in Arabidopsis roots revealed through an iTRAQ proteomics approach.

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are important signal transducers in all eukaryotes. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has emerged as a key regulator of G-protein-mediated signaling pathways in plants. ABA-regulation of G-protein signaling involves both conventional and novel mechanisms. We have utilized the null mutant of the Arabidopsis G-protein α subunit gpa1 to evaluate to what extent ABA-dependent changes in the proteome are regulated by G-proteins. We used Arabidopsis root tissue as both ABA and G-proteins, individually and in combination, affect root growth and development. We identified 720 proteins, of which 42 showed GPA1-dependent and 74 showed ABA-dependent abundance changes. A majority of ABA-regulated proteins were also GPA1-dependent. Our data provide insight into how tissue specificity might be achieved in ABA-regulated G-protein signaling. A number of proteins related to ER body formation and intracellular trafficking were altered in gpa1 mutant, suggesting a novel role for GPA1 in these pa...
Analytical 2-D slot model for predicting AC losses in bar-wound machine windings due to armature reaction

A 2-D analytical closed-form model of bar-wound ac machine stator slots is presented for calculating ac winding losses attributable to armature reaction effects. The proposed model is capable of predicting the ac winding losses in the slots of bar-wound stators for arbitrary numbers of bar conductor layers excited with currents of variable amplitude, frequency, and phase angle. Finite element (FE) analysis has been used to raise confidence in the accuracy of the analytical model. The analytical model has been used to explore the impact of several key design variables on the ac winding losses including slot depth, winding depth, number of conductors per slot, and phase conductor slot order. These results show that skin and proximity effects can have a significant impact on the ac winding losses at elevated excitation frequencies, making it important to carefully consider the number of bars in each slot, their dimensions, and placement in the slot in order to minimize losses.
Age- and season-specific variation in local and long-distance movement behavior of golden eagles

Animal movements can determine the population dynamics of wildlife. We used telemetry data to provide insight into the causes and consequences of local and long-distance movements of multiple age classes of conservation-reliant golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the foothills and mountains near Tehachapi, California. We estimated size and habitat-related correlates of 324 monthly 95 % home ranges and 317 monthly 50 % core areas for 25 birds moving locally over 2.5 years. We also calculated daily, hourly, and total distances traveled for the five of these birds that engaged in long-distance movements. Mean (±SD) monthly home-range size was 253.6 ± 429.4 km2 and core-area size was 26.4 ± 49.7 km2. Consistent with expectations, space used by pre-adults increased with age and was season-dependent but, unexpectedly, was not sex-dependent. For all ages and sexes, home ranges and core areas were dominated by both forest & woodland and shrubland & grassland habitat types. When moving long distances, eagles traveled up to 1588.4 km (1-way) in a season at highly variable speeds (63.7 ± 69.0 km/day and 5.2 ± 10.4 km/h) that were dependent on time of day. Patterns of long-distance movements by eagles were determined by age, yet these movements had characteristics of more than one previously described movement category (migration, dispersal, etc.). Our results provide a context for differentiating among types of movement behaviors and their population-level consequences and, thus, have implications for management and conservation of golden eagle populations.
A Study on the Ballistic Missile's Optimal Impulse Orbit Transfer in the Passive Ballistic Curve

Ballistic missile has a long time flight in the exoatmosphere and its trajectory is fixed,so it is vulnerable for enemy prediction and interception. The thesis presents a method of optimal impulse orbit transfer. Firstly,establish the orbital maneuver model under the action of single impulsive effect. Secondly,according to the analysis of the model,the needed energy of orbital maneuver and the rest time after orbital transfer will be selected as performance index,in order to find the orbital maneuver point where it can satisfy the performance index the genetic algorithm was used to optimize. In the end,it is improved that the method of optimal impulse orbit transfer is efficient through simulation.
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone reduces cross-reactions between antibodies and phenolic compounds in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a fungal metabolite and putative carcinogen which can contaminate a variety of foods such as cereals, wine, and nuts. Commercial ELISA kits are known to give false-positive results for OTA concentrations when phenolic compounds are present. Pistachios represent a food matrix rich in phenolic compounds potentially contaminated with OTA, and were used to model OTA cross-reactivity. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was incorporated during extraction of OTA using a commercial ELISA protocol. HPLC methods were used to confirm that PVPP does not interact with OTA and levels of gallic acid and catechin remaining in pistachio extracts decreased with increasing PVPP application. Cross-reactivity of extracts also decreased with increasing PVPP application, and color loss was used as an indicator of anthocyanin removal. Incorporating PVPP into ELISA protocols allows for the continued use of rapid immunological methods in food matrices containing phenolic compounds.
A Synoptic Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Grapevine Leafroll Disease in a Historic Napa Vineyard and Experimental Vine Blocks.

Five Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) epidemics were analyzed utilizing a standardized approach to robustly characterize the temporal and spatial parameters. Published data included ...
FAMILY FIRM INNOVATION: TENSIONS AND MINDSETS

Innovation plays a central role in firm performance and survival. Until recently, limited attention has been given to the enablers of innovation in family firms. Utilizing structural equation modeling, this study develops and tests a model of family firm innovation, exploring relationships between mindsets and innate tensions that can fuel or inhibit innovative behavior. The findings explicate drivers of innovation, highlighting the existence of tensions and the importance of leadership embracing paradoxical thinking.
The Solitary Criminologist: Constructing a Narrative of Black Identity and Alienation in the Academy

This article uses a narrative approach to explore Black identity and alienation in the academy. It discusses the dearth of Black criminologists and the potential consequences of the underrepresenta...
The role of membrane-bound heparin-binding EGF like growth factor in the regulation of E-cadherin expression in pancreatic carcinoma cells

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 2528 HB-EGF is initially synthesized as a membrane-bound precursor (pro-HB-EGF) and subsequently proteolytically cleaved to release soluble HB-EGF (s-HB-EGF), a process often referred as ectodomain shedding. As a ligand of EGF receptor (EGFR), the interaction of s-HB-EGF and EGFR has been extensively studied and implicated in tumor development. However, the role of pro-HB-EGF in tumor progression is unclear despite the fact that a considerably large amount of pro-HB-EGF remains on the cell membrane uncleaved. Here we present evidences indicating the role of pro-HB-EGF in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Unlike s-HB-EGF that promotes EMT via activating EGFR, pro-HB-EGF negatively regulates EMT through the up-regulation of E-cadherin expression in pancreatic carcinoma PANC1 cells. This is due to the inhibition of ZEB1 (a transcription repressor of E-cadherin) by pro-HB-EGF. Moreover, inhibition of HB-EGF shedding by use of metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitor GM6001 dramatically augmented E-cadherin expression. As a result of E-cadherin up-regulation, pro-HB-EGF expression not only caused cell morphologic change and decreased cell migration and motility, it also significantly increased the chemosensitivity of Gemcitabine/Tarceva treatment in pancreatic cancer. In summary, our data suggest that inhibition of HB-EGF shedding to preserve more pro-HB-EGF may be a novel approach to inhibit pancreatic metastasis and sensitize cells to chemotherapy treatment.
Distortion correction and scene size limits for SAR bistatic polar format algorithm

The polar format algorithm (PFA) efficiently implements the computationally complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) matched filter (MF) using a first-order Taylor series approximation of the differential range in the MF kernel. Using the approximation causes spatially varying distortion and defocus effects in the SAR image. These limitations have motivated research into developing distortion and defocus correction algorithms. Alternatively, the distortion and defocus effects may be mitigated by limiting the size of the image. While several solutions to these problems have been published for monostatic PFA, significantly less work has been published in the area of bistatic PFA, which offers operational advantages and geometric flexibility over the monostatic case. In this paper, a temporal Taylor series expansion based analysis of the MF phase and PFA phase is used to derive both a distortion correction algorithm, and scene size limitation for a SAR image produced using bistatic PFA.
Letter by Stamler et al Regarding Article, "Nitrite and S-Nitrosohemoglobin Exchange Across the Human Cerebral and Femoral Circulation: Relationship to Basal and Exercise Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia".

We read with interest the article by Bailey et al.1 Based on measuring nitrite (NO2–), iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin (HbFeNO), and S -nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) in volunteers’ blood during hypoxia and exercise, they concluded that deoxyhemoglobin-mediated NO2– reduction to form HbFeNO is “…the dominant mechanism underlying hypoxic vasodilation,” with no role for SNO-Hb. We are concerned that this conclusion likely reflects confusion about the role of these species in blood flow regulation and limitations of the methodology used to measure them. Classic experiments by Furchgott and Ignarro showed that hemoglobin scavenged endogenous nitric oxide (NO) by forming HbFeNO. This implied, paradoxically, that hemoglobin in red blood cells would impair tissue blood flow. It was shown subsequently that red blood cells actually dilate blood vessels at the lower …
Deciphering p53 signaling in tumor suppression

The p53 transcription factor is mutated in over half of human cancers, and p53-null mice are highly predisposed to cancer, highlighting p53s essential role in tumor suppression. Studies in mouse models have revealed that p53 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis responses to acute DNA damage signals are dispensable for tumor suppression, prompting a search for new mechanisms underlying p53-mediated cancer suppression. p53 responds to other types of stress signals and regulates a host other cellular processes, including maintenance of genomic stability, metabolism, stemness, non-apoptotic cell death, migration/invasion, and cell signaling, any or all of which could be fundamental for suppressing carcinogenesis. The ability of p53 to govern numerous transcriptional programs and cellular functions likely explains its potent tumor suppressor activity.
A flow focusing microfluidic device with an integrated micro coulter particle counter for sequential production and characterization of size tunable microbubbles

Flow-focusing microfluidic devices (FFMDs) provide a means to customize microbubble (MB) populations for imaging or therapy. FFMDs produce monodisperse MBs characterized by relatively low production rates, large diameters and short lifetimes compared to batch methods of MB production. Previously, we proposed exploiting these qualities in the context of tPA delivery for more rapid blood clot erosion where the device is integrated into a catheter to mitigate the impact of low MB count and lifetime (Dixon et al. IEEE IUS 2015). Conventionally, MBs produced by FFMDs are characterized optically; however, this is incompatible with a catheter application. In this work, we demonstrate integrated Coulter-based counting and sizing of MBs produced in situ.
U.S. Firefighter Injuries on the Fireground, 2010–2014

Firefighting is a hazardous occupation and the fireground is the location for many firefighter injuries, making information about firefighter injury events critical for injury prevention efforts. This study uses data collected through the National Fire Incident Reporting System and the National Fire Protection Association’s annual survey of municipal fire departments to profile U.S. firefighter injuries occurring on the fireground from 2010 to 2014. The research estimates that firefighters experienced an annual average of 30,290 fireground injuries per year in this 5-year period. The findings also indicate that most injuries occurred at residential fires, that one-third resulted in lost work time and that the leading cause of injury was overexertion or strain. Other leading causes of injury were slip/trip, contact with object, falls, and struck or assaulted by person, animal, or object. The study also provides data on primary injury symptoms, place of injury, activity when injured, factors involved in the injury, and injuries by month. Efforts to reduce injury should include providing and requiring the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, establishing and enforcing stringent safety practices, providing firefighters with ongoing health and safety training opportunities, and maintaining fitness, flexibility, and other programs that reduce injury risk.
“How You Like Me Now?”: Exploring Teacher Perceptions of Urban Middle Schoolers’ Mathematical Abilities and Identities:

HEAT, an instructional program emphasizing a nontraditional hands-on approach to algebraic instruction for urban, predominantly African American middle schoolers, provides a space to explore teache...
The Herbert screw for delayed union and non-union of scaphoid fractures: a review of twenty-two cases.

We retrospectively reviewed 22 patients with delayed or non-union of scaphoid fractures treated with the Herbert screw. In 15 cases, we used an additional bone graft, taken from the iliac crest in all but two cases. The mean follow-up was 18 months (range : 6 – 40 months). Twelve of the 14 non-unions and 7 of the 8 delayed unions healed. Eleven patients were pain-free, 7 had minor symptoms, one had major symptoms but still considered his situation to be improved and two did not obtain any clinical improvement.
Adoption and Utilization of an Emergency Department Naloxone Distribution and Peer Recovery Coach Consultation Program

OBJECTIVE Rising rates of opioid overdose deaths require innovative programs to prevent and reduce opioid-related morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates adoption, utilization, and maintenance of an emergency department (ED) take-home naloxone and peer recovery coach consultation program for ED patients at risk of opioid overdose. METHODS Using a Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, we conducted a retrospective provider survey and electronic medical record (EMR) review to evaluate implementation of a naloxone distribution and peer recovery coach consultation program at two EDs. Provider adoption was measured by self-report using a novel survey instrument. EMRs of discharged ED patients at risk for opioid overdose were reviewed in three time periods: preimplementation, postimplementation, and maintenance. Primary study outcomes were take-home naloxone provision and recovery coach consultation. Secondary study outcome was referral to treatment. Chi-square analysis was used for study period comparisons. Logistic regression was conducted to examine utilization moderators. Poisson regression modeled utilization changes over time. RESULTS Most providers reported utilization (72.8%, 83/114): 95.2% (79/83) provided take-home naloxone and 85.5% (71/83) consulted a recovery coach. There were 555 unique patients treated and discharged during the study periods: 131 preimplementation, 376 postimplementation, and 48 maintenance. Postimplementation provision of take-home naloxone increased from none to more than one-third (35.4%, p < 0.001), one-third received consultation with a recovery coach (33.1%, 45/136), and discharge with referral to treatment increased from 9.16% to 20.74% (p = 0.003). Take-home naloxone provision and recovery coach consultation did not depreciate over time. CONCLUSIONS ED naloxone distribution and consultation of a community-based peer recovery coach are feasible and acceptable and can be maintained over time.
Ensuring Deception Consistency for FTP Services Hardened against Advanced Persistent Threats

As evidenced by numerous high-profile security incidents such as the Target data breach and the Equifax hack, APTs (Advanced Persistent Threats) can significantly compromise the trustworthiness of cyber space. This work explores how to improve the effectiveness of cyber deception in hardening FTP (File Transfer Protocol) services against APTs. The main objective of our work is to ensure deception consistency: when the attackers are trapped, they can only make observations that are consistent with what they have seen already so that they cannot recognize the deceptive environment. To achieve deception consistency, we use logic constraints to characterize an attacker's best knowledge (either positive, negative, or uncertain). When migrating the attacker's FTP connection into a contained environment, we use these logic constraints to instantiate a new FTP file system that is guaranteed free of inconsistency. We performed deception experiments with student participants who just completed a computer security course. Following the design of Turing tests, we find that the participants' chances of recognizing deceptive environments are close to random guesses. Our experiments also confirm the importance of observation consistency in identifying deception.
Turbidity reduction in drinking water by coagulation-flocculation with chitosan polymers

Turbidity reduction by coagulation-flocculation in drinking water reduces microbes and organic matter, increasing effectiveness of downstream treatment. Chitosan is a promising household water coagulant, but needs parameters for use. This study tested the effects of chitosan dose, molecular weight (MW), degree of deacetylation (DD), and functional groups on bentonite and kaolinite turbidity reduction in model household drinking water. Higher MW or DD produced greater reductions. Highest reductions were at doses 1 and 3 mg/L by MW >50,000 or >70% DD (residual turbidity <5 NTU). Higher doses did not necessarily continually increase reduction. For functional groups, 3 mg/L produced the highest reductions by lactate, acetate, and HCl, and lower reductions of kaolinite than bentonite. Doses where the point of zero charge was observed clustered around 3 mg/L. Chitosan reduced clay turbidity in water; effectiveness was influenced by dose, clay type, MW, DD, and functional groups. Reduction did not necessarily increase with MW. Bentonite had a broader effective dose range and higher reduction at the optimal dose than kaolinite. Chitosans with and without functional groups performed similarly. The best of the studied doses was 3 mg/L. Chitosans are promising for turbidity reduction in low-resource settings if combined with sedimentation and/or filtration.
Cardioembolic Sources in Patients With Small Single Subcortical Infarcts.

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is widely used as part of the work-up for ischemic stroke. However, the added utility of TTE in the management of small single subcortical infarcts (SSSI) has not been extensively evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to determine the frequency of high-risk and medium-risk cardioembolic sources diagnosed by TTE in SSSI patients, and whether the findings altered clinical management. We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of patients with confirmed acute ischemic stroke enrolled in a single-center observational registry between August 2012 and July 2014. We assessed infarct topography on brain magnetic resonance imaging, blinded to final stroke subtype and treatment, to identify patients with SSSI. We defined SSSI as lesions in the corona radiata, basal ganglia, thalamus, or brainstem measuring 50%, and assessed the frequency of cardioembolic sources found by TTE in the remaining patients. Among 908 patients, 75 (8.3%) had SSSI, of which 4 (5.3%) had atrial fibrillation and 6 (8%) had symptomatic large artery stenosis. TTE revealed cardiac abnormalities in 46% of the remaining patients (mean age: 65.1 y, 52% female, 58% white). The most common findings were dilated left atrium (29%), patent foramen ovale (14%), and atrial septal aneurysm (7.7%). Anticoagulants were prescribed in 3 (4.6%) patients on the basis of TTE results. TTE identified potential cardioembolic sources in almost half of the patients, but altered antithrombotic management in only 5% of patients with SSSI.
Hot Spots of Crime are Not Just Hot Spots of Crime: Examining Health Outcomes at Street Segments

In this article, we seek to identify whether the relationship between health disparities and crime occurs at a micro-geographic level. Do hot spot streets evidence much higher levels of mental and ...
Challenges and Limitations in Automating the Design of MAC Protocols Using Machine-Learning

To cope with the emergence of new technologies, various device characteristics and application requirements, complex and custom design of high performance networking protocols is much needed. Networking protocols, practically, are designed through long-time and hard-work human efforts. However, these designed protocols, typically, have limited flexibility that results in non-optimal performance under several network scenarios and conditions. Therefore, replacing this inefficient human based designing process by a novel paradigm that enables rapid design of efficient, flexible and high performance protocols that intelligently adapt to different device characteristics, application requirements, user objectives, and network conditions is highly desired. In this paper, we motivate the importance of a shift from human-driven protocol design process to a machine-based design. We propose a novel, self-managing and self-adaptive framework for automating MAC protocol design. As an example of such a framework, We design, implement, and evaluate AlphaMAC framework that learns to automate the design of efficient simple MAC protocols. We decouple MAC into a set of building blocks, and we are interested to see what blocks are selected by AlphaMAC in different scenarios, and whether the designed protocol is efficient. Our results show that AlphaMAC is able to select the efficient set of building blocks from ALOHA protocol building block set such that the designed protocol outperforms conventional ALOHA. We also discuss some of the challenges and limitations of realizing such a framework. We believe that the impact of the automated design of networking protocols on the network research and industrial community, and on developing networking services and applications would be significant.
Abstract 050: Essential Role of Cerebral Endothelial AT1 Receptors in the Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Induced by Angiotensin-II Hypertension

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) controls the molecular exchange between blood and brain and is critical for maintaining brain health. Although hypertension (HTN) is well known to disrupt the BBB, the...
Reconstitution of STAT4 Restores Defective Interferon-gamma Production and Allows Normal IFN-gamma-Dependent Responses after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Production of IFN-gamma is critical for optimal antitumor immune responses in several preclinical animal models. Patients with lymphoma who have undergone autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation exhibit profoundly diminished IFN-gamma production in vivo during IL-12 therapy (Clin Cancer Res.2002; 8: 3383). Furthermore, post-transplant patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated directly in vitro with IL-12 secrete little if any IFN-gamma. To determine if restoration of IFN-gamma production would be sufficient to reconstitute IFN-gamma-dependent responses after transplantation, the integrity of IFN-gamma signaling was assessed in post-transplant patient PBMCs. Compared to control subject PBMCs, post-transplant patient PBMCs expressed equivalent levels of CD119 (IFN-gamma receptor alpha) and STAT1. Moreover, tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 in response to IFN-gamma did not differ in post-transplant patient as compared to control PBMCs. Thus, IFN-gamma signaling is intact after transplantation. Our prior studies have shown that STAT4 protein levels are decreased by ~97% in post-transplant patient PBMCs, whereas levels of Jak2, Tyk2, and STAT3 are similar to control PBMCs (Blood2005; 106: 963). We wished to demonstrate directly that STAT4 deficiency is the mechanism of defective IFN-gamma production after autologous transplantation. Enriched CD4+ T cells were isolated from post-transplant patient and control PBMCs and cultured under conditions that promote Th1 differentiation. STAT4 deficiency persisted in post-transplant patient CD4+ T cells cultured under Th1 conditions, whereas these cells expressed normal levels of T-bet. Compared to control Th1 cells, post-transplant patient CD4+ T cells cultured under Th1 conditions exhibited markedly reduced IFN-gamma production after restimulation with CD3 mAb. These results are consistent with expected impairment of Th1 differentiation due to profound STAT4 deficiency. STAT4 cDNA was transiently transfected into Th1-cultured CD4+ T cells from post-transplant patients. After stimulation with CD3 mAb plus IL-12, the amounts of IFN-gamma secreted by STAT4-transfected patient cells were equivalent to or higher than those secreted by control subject cells. These data indicate that reconstitution of STAT4 expression is sufficient to restore IFN-gamma production by post-transplant patient PBMCs. As IFN-gamma signaling is normal post-transplant, circumventing STAT4 deficiency should therefore restore IFN-gamma-dependent antitumor immune responses after autologous transplantation. Future studies will determine the molecular mechanisms of STAT4 deficiency after transplantation and develop clinically feasible methods to circumvent this deficiency.
Will More Workers Have Nontraditional Jobs as Globalization and Automation Spread

Recent research has called attention to alternative employment arrangements that often leave workers without retirement and health benefits and with income instability. At the same time, workers are facing increasing competition from automation and globalization. This competition is of special concern for older workers, who increasingly need longer careers to secure an adequate retirement and jobs with benefits to enable saving and access to affordable health care. The question is: are these “nontraditional” jobs more prevalent in areas more exposed to such competitive pressures and are older workers more likely to hold them? The study uses the 1996-2008 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to track the share of workers in nontraditional work arrangements – defined based on characteristics of the job including retirement plan coverage, health insurance coverage, and hour or wage instability. It then estimates whether workers are more likely to be in nontraditional arrangements, or transition from traditional to nontraditional work, in areas with greater exposure to trade and automation. The findings suggest that globalization does not have a major effect, but automation does; a 1-standard deviation increase in the use of industrial robots is associated with an 11-percent increase in nontraditional employment. This relationship is even stronger for older workers: a 1-standard-deviation increase in automation is associated with a 17-percent increase in nontraditional work at ages 50-62. As automation continues to increase, jobs that offer retirement savings, health insurance, and stable income may continue to decline, and the impact is likely to be particularly felt by older workers who may need these benefits the most.
Trace mineral metabolism and nutrient digestibility in lambs supplemented with zinc sulfate during an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of Zn supplementation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injections on nutrient digestibility, trace mineral metabolism and status. It was hypothesized that ACTH would decrease nutrient digestibility and Zn retention, but Zn supplementation would improve Zn retention, regardless of ACTH administration. Twenty-two Polypay cross weathers previously enrolled in a trial, consumed a moderately Zn deplete diet (22 mg Zn/kg DM) for 52 d, followed by being housed in metabolism crates for 15 d while receiving one of two diets: CON (Zn deplete diet) or ZINC (CON plus 40 mg Zn/d from ZnSO4). Lambs rested for one day outside of crates then returned to crates for this 5 d study. Lambs continued to receive dietary Zn treatments and were randomly assigned to receive injectable treatments, once daily on d 1–4 at feeding: SALINE (2 mL saline I.M.), STRESS (80 I.U. ACTH I.M.); lamb was experimental unit (n = 5–6/treatment) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Total fecal and urine collection was conducted on d 3–5, and blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, and 4, 3 h post feeding. Day 4 plasma Zn concentrations, covariate adjusted with d 0 concentrations, displayed a diet × injection tendency (P = 0.06) where ACTH given to ZINC lambs depressed plasma Zn to values similar to CON lambs. Day 1 and 4 cortisol concentrations determined 3 h after injection administration were increased in STRESS vs. SALINE (P
Framing Legitimacy: A Qualitative Analysis Examining Local Print-Media Portrayals of an Immigrant Family Detention Center in Texas

Research suggests that media portrayals can impact the opinions of adults (Dizard, 2000). However, media reports on aspects of our criminal justice system, such as corrections, are an understudied topic (Marsh, 1989), especially regarding the use of private prisons. The current study examines a sample of 12 local Texas newspapers that reported on the T. Don Hutto Facility in Taylor, Texas, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2013. This facility was once a state prison for males and local jail inmates before being converted into an undocumented immigrant family detention facility and later into a detention center for undocumented immigrant females. In this article we use the theoretical concepts of moral and instrumental legitimacy and of diversionary framing to explain the importance of the type of inmate population held in a facility. We explain the presence of framing techniques and the involvement of civil rights organizations and discuss how these factors affect the way local print media depict private prison companies and their facilities, especially private family immigrant detention facilities. These facilities, which typically hold undocumented illegal immigrants and their children on non-criminal charges, have received considerable criticism from media for providing substandard quality confinement.
Abstract 89: Role of CDK8 and CDK19 in STAT1 phosphorylation at serine 727

Transcription factor STAT1 is part of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade; it plays an essential role in mediating responses to interferons (IFN). STAT1 modulates many cellular processes and has been implicated in both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting activities. IFNγ treatment induces STAT1 phosphorylation at tyrosine 701, enabling the translocation of STAT1 from cytoplasm to the nucleus. STAT1 is also phosphorylated at serine 727; S727 phosphorylation modulates the transcriptional activity of STAT1. Transcription-regulating kinase CDK8 was shown to be primarily responsible for IFNγ-induced STAT1 S727 phosphorylation, and serine-phosphorylated form of STAT1 was proposed as a potential pharmacodynamic (PD) marker for the activity of CDK8, an emerging cancer drug target. However, the role of CDK8 in STAT1 S727 phosphorylation in the absence of IFNγ treatment is controversial, as is the role of CDK19, a closely related paralog of CDK8, as well as the relative contributions of kinase-dependent and kinase-independent activities of CDK8 and CDK19. We have found that Senexin B, a selective CDK8/19 inhibitor, decreased both IFNγ-induced and basal STAT1 S727 phosphorylation in all the tested types of tumor cells but some phosphorylation was maintained even at the highest concentrations of Senexin B. We then generated a series of derivatives of human 293 cells with CRISPR-mediated knockout of CDK8, CDK19 and both CDK8 and CDK19 (double knockout, dKO), with subsequent reconstitution of dKO with wild-type (WT) CDK8 or CDK19 or with kinase-dead (KD) mutants of these proteins. The knockout of CDK8 or CDK19 individually had only a moderate effect on IFNγ-induced and basal STAT1 S727 phosphorylation, which remained susceptible to Senexin B. In contrast, such phosphorylation was strongly decreased in dKO cells, where it was unaffected by Senexin B. Senexin B-sensitive STAT1 S727 phosphorylation was restored by re-introduction of WT CDK8 or CDK19 but not of their KD mutants. Hence, both CDK8 and CDK19 mediate STAT1 S727 phosphorylation in kinase-dependent manner. We also tested different cytokines and stress-inducing agents for the ability to induce STAT1 S727 phosphorylation in WT and dKO cells. Several treatments, including serum stimulation, EGF, TNFα, etoposide and taxol, increased this phosphorylation in dKO cells, indicating that STAT1 serine phosphorylation induced by many treatments was CDK8/19-independent. Hence, great caution needs to be utilized in using STAT1 S727 phosphorylation as a PD marker for CDK8 activity. Citation Format: Jing Li, Jiaxin Liang, Lili Wang, Eugenia Broude, Igor Roninson, Mengqian Chen. Role of CDK8 and CDK19 in STAT1 phosphorylation at serine 727 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 89.
Socioeconomic inequalities in the spread of coronavirus-19 in the United States: A examination of the emergence of social inequalities.

Abstract Objectives To quantify the contribution variation in socioeconomic status in predicting the distribution of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Methods Analyses used incidence data on daily COVID + case counts from all counties from the initial wave of infections, merged with data from the U.S. census data to measure county-level SES and confounders. Multivariable analyses relied on survival analyses and Poisson regression to examine timing of county-level index cases and of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in infected counties to examine the spread and severity of COVID-19 while adjusting for adjusted for Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, age, gender, and urbanicity. Effect moderation by social distancing parameters was examined. Results Results indicate that higher SES was associated with earlier incidence of index cases, but that as social distancing took place inequalities in SES inverted so that growth in incidence was slower in higher SES counties, where case-fatality rates were lower. Conclusions This study is the first to date to show what happens when an opportunistic disease that could affect anyone meets the American system of inequality and is powerfully shaped by it.
Cortical oscillations that underlie working memory are altered in adults with cerebral palsy.

Abstract Objective This investigation used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to identify the neurophysiological mechanisms contributing to the altered cognition seen in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Adults with CP (GMFCS levels I-IV) and demographically-matched controls completed a Sternberg-type working memory task during MEG. Secondarily, they completed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) cognitive toolbox. Beamforming was used to image the significant MEG oscillatory responses and the resulting images were examined using statistical parametric mapping to identify cortical activity that differed between groups. Results Both groups had a left-lateralized decrease in alpha–beta (11–16 Hz) power across the occipital, temporal, and prefrontal cortices during encoding, as well as an increase in alpha (9–13 Hz) power across the occipital cortices during maintenance. The strength of alpha–beta oscillations in the prefrontal cortices were weaker in those with CP during encoding. Weaker alpha–beta oscillation within the prefrontal cortex was associated with poorer performance on the NIH toolbox and a higher GMFCS level. Conclusions Alpha-beta aberrations may impact the basic encoding of information in adults with CP, which impacts their overall cognition. Altered alpha–beta oscillation might be connected with gross motor function. Significance This experimental work highlights the aberrant alpha–beta during encoding as possible neurophysiological mechanism of the cognitive deficiencies.
Investigating Post-translational Modifications in Neuropsychiatric Disease: The Next Frontier in Human Post-mortem Brain Research

Gene expression and translation have been extensively studied in human postmortem brain tissue from subjects with psychiatric disease. Posttranslational modifications have received less attention despite their implication by unbiased genetic studies and importance in regulating neuronal and circuit function. Here we review the rationale for studying posttranslational modifications in psychiatric disease, recent findings in human postmortem tissue, the required controls for these types of studies, and highlight the emerging mass spectrometry approaches transforming this research direction.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Functional Outcome after Thrombectomy: A Cohort Study of an Integrated Stroke Network.

Objectives Previous studies have shown racial disparities in access to treatment and outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. We sought to define racial disparities in functional outcomes among ischemic stroke patients receiving endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Materials and methods We performed a retrospective review of patients in our institution's prospectively collected stroke patient registry from 08/2015 to 06/2019 at 1 comprehensive and 2 thrombectomy-ready stroke centers. We reviewed patients aged ≥ 18 who received mechanical thrombectomy including only patients with race/ethnicity data belonging to the 3 largest race/ethnic groups: Non-Hispanic White (NHW), Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic (HIS). We compared baseline characteristics and performed multivariable logistic regression to evaluate differences in good functional outcome defined as 90-day modified Rankin score (90 day mRS 0-2) as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were discharge disposition, length of stay, and excellent functional outcome (90 day mRS 0-1). Results are given as OR [95% CI]. Results Among 666 patients that met inclusion criteria, 45% were NHW, 30% were NHB, and 19% were HIS. NHB and HIS patients were younger than NHW (average age NHB 62; HIS 64; and NHW 70; p Conclusions In this study of over 600 patients treated with EVT, we did not find significant racial disparities in functional outcome except for less excellent functional outcome in HIS compared to NHW. Further study on disparities in post-acute stroke care is needed.
Quantifying the global binding and target-search dynamics of epigenetic regulatory factors using live-cell single-molecule tracking

This protocol provides instructions to track the global dynamics of single epigenetic regulatory factors in live cells. We describe an approach to generate cell lines that stably express HaloTag-fused proteins. We then use live-cell single-molecule tracking to obtain kinetic populations and residence times. The kinetic parameters obtained can be used to determine important aspects of transcriptional regulation such as target-search time, 3D free diffusion time, and number of non-specific sites sampled before reaching a specific site and compare behaviors across different nuclear environments. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kent et al. (2020).
A High-Throughput Method to Define Additive Manufacturing Process Parameters: Application to Haynes 282

This paper demonstrates how an analytical and experimental method can be used to rapidly define the additive manufacturing settings for a new alloy where the process parameters were previously unknown. A nickel-based superalloy, Haynes 282, was chosen for the analysis. An experimental matrix of focused processing parameters was predicted with a dimensionless number and 100 samples were printed using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion technique. High-throughput measurements validated the predicted process conditions needed to achieve desired density and hardness. The whole process was completed in 16 hours. The new technique was confirmed with analytical processing maps adopted by the metal additive manufacturing community. With the predicted set of process parameters, a low-throughput analyses of conventional microstructural characterizations and tensile testing were used to test the predictions. The resultant as-fabricated microstructures have refined length scales of both microsegregation and secondary phase distributions. The mechanical properties were comparable within the predicted processing window and exhibited high strength and high ductility.
Using the Fatou Set to Study the Julia Set

Caratheodory’s theory of “prime ends” is the basic tool for relating an open set of complex numbers to its complementary closed set. Let U be a simply connected subset of \(\widehat {\Bbb C}\) such that the complement \(\widehat {\Bbb C}\)\ U is infinite. The Riemann Mapping Theorem asserts that there is a conformal isomorphism, which we write as $$\psi :D\xrightarrow{ \cong }U.$$ In some cases, ψ will extend to a homeomorphism from the closed disk \(\bar D\) onto the closure Ū. (Compare Figures la and 33a, together with 17.16) However, this is certainly not true in general, since the boundary ∂U may be an extremely complicated object. As an example, Figure 33b shows a region U such that one point of ∂U (with countably many short spikes sticking out) corresponds to a Cantor set of distinct points of the circle ∂ⅅ Figures 33c, 33d show examples for which an entire interval of points of ∂U corresponds to a single point of the circle. An effective analysis of the relationship between the compact set ∂U and the boundary circle ∂ⅅ was carried out by Caratheodory in 1913, and will be described here.
An Introduction to the Hybrid HS-SQP Method and Its Applications

This chapter aims to present recent developments and applications concerning optimization with the hybrid HS-SQP method. This method has been successfully utilized in several engineering applications. In addition to the introduction of the concept of HS-SQP method, this chapter also presents some selected representative case studies covering synthesis of cost-optimal heat exchanger networks and economic utilization of electric power systems.