cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic wiring and stabilization of photosynthetic membrane proteins with block copolymer interfaces

Integrating photosynthetic membrane proteins with non-biological materials such as polymers and electrodes is attractive, as it could allow new ways of harvesting solar energy for direct electrical power, sensing, or chemical production. However, such integration is challenging, as these proteins have to be “wired” to electrodes and oriented to maximize light capture and electron transfer all while maintaining long-term activity. In this work we present a durable and unique solution to the challenges of stabilization and wiring of photosynthetic membrane proteins on electrodes. A block copolymer, poly(butadiene)12-poly(ethylene oxide)8 (PB12-PEO8), that mimics the bilayer assembly of lipids was used to stabilize photosystem I (PSI) in a near-native hydrophobic environment. At high protein concentrations, large, highly packed planar membranes (∼4 nm thick) were formed, which allowed high surface loading of protein at the electrode interface. To “wire” these membranes with metal electrodes, a conductive block copolymer bilayer based on the same PB12-PEO8 but with intercalated conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) was used. This photo-active conductive layer was used to conduct electrons while maintaining a stabilizing cell membrane-like hydrated environment at the protein–metal interface. Photocurrents approaching 35.0 ± 3.5 μA cm−2 were generated upon illumination of these assembled devices with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), among the highest reported so far for such systems on a per protein basis. This is the first application of membrane proteins completely stabilized in and on a block copolymer support for an energy-relevant electrochemical device and may represent the highest photocurrent generation per protein.
An In Vivo Evidence That the CD45negative Adult Marrow-Derived CXCR4+ SSEA-1+ OCT-4+ Very Small Embryonic-Like (VSEL) Stem Cells May Differentiate into CD45positive Long Term Repopulating Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

Mounting evidence accumulates that bone marrow (BM) contains a population of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) that give rise to long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Recently we identified in murine BM a homogenous population of rare (∼0.01% of BMMNC) and very small (2–4 μm) Sca-1 + lin − CD45 − cells that express by RQ-PCR and immunhistochemistry markers of PSC such as SSEA-1, Oct-4, Nanog and Rex-1 and highly express Rif-1 telomerase protein (Leukemia 2006;20,857–869). Direct electronmicroscopical analysis revealed that these cells display several features typical for primary epiblast-derived embryonic stem cells such as i) a large nuclei surrounded by a narrow rim of cytoplasm, and ii) open-type chromatin (euchromatin). In co-cultures with C2C12 murine sarcoma supportive feeder-layer, these cells grow spheres that are composed of immature CXCR4 + SSEA-1 + Oct-4 + cells that have large nuclei containing euchromatin and, if plated into cultures promoting tissue differentiation, show pluripotency and expand into cells from all three germ-cell layers. Based on this, we called them very small embryonic like (VSEL) stem cells. However, VSEL isolated freshly from the BM do not posses immediate hematopoietic activity - they neither grow hematopoietic colonies nor radioprotect lethally irradiated recipients. Recently, however, we noticed that if plated over supportive OP9 cell line, these CD45 − VSEL give rise to colonies of CD45 + CD41 + Gr-1 − Ter119 − cells where their phenotype resembles those of the earliest hematopoietic cells that are derived in vitro from established embryonic cell lines. This hematopoietic differentiation of VSEL was accompanied by upregulation of mRNA for several genes regulating hematopoiesis (e.g. PU-1, c-myb, LMO2, Ikaros). More importantly, the CD45 + CD41 − Gr-1 − Ter119 − cells expanded from VSEL isolated from GFP + mice if transplanted into wild-type animals protected them from lethal irradiation and differentiated in vivo into all major hematopoietic lineages (e.g., Gr-1 + , B220 + and CD3 + cells). This hematopoietic activity was maintained after transplantation into secondary recipients. Based on this, we postulate that i) VSEL are PSC that give rise to HSC and ii) that CD45 + cells may derive from a CD45 − population. Thus we propose that VSEL are a population of BM-residing PSC that may give rise to long-term engrafting hematopoietic stem cells.
Reversible aggregation of HIV-1 Gag proteins mediated by nucleic acids.

HIV-1 Gag protein is the major structural protein for the assembly of virion particles. Although studies have been carried out using partially purified Gag proteins to investigate the mechanisms of viral particle assembly, the outcomes of an assembly reaction remain controversial. Here we have developed an improved procedure for purification of several untagged retroviral Gag proteins from E. coli to more than 95% purity and characterized Gag assembly in solution. We found that HIV-1 Gag proteins can undergo nucleic acid-dependent aggregation with several unexpected features: (1) they form spherical particles that are as large as microns in diameter; (2) the size of the aggregates vary with the molar ratio between nucleic acids and proteins, with the average size of these particles reaching maximal at a molar ratio of 1:2 between nucleic acids and proteins; and (3) these particles can be efficiently disassembled simply upon addition of excess nucleic acids into the solution, suggesting the presence of an ordered assembly. Single-stranded DNA oligos that are 10 nucleotides or shorter do not support the formation of these particles. Furthermore, the matrix domain of the Gag protein dramatically facilitates the formation of these aggregates. These studies uncover a previously uncharacterized pathway of HIV Gag assembly in vitro, and have implications for HIV-1 Gag assembly and pathogenesis in vivo.
Chapter 9 – Corrosion Resistance of Ti6Al4V with Nanostructured TiO2 Coatings

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews different coatings on titanium and Ti6Al4V alloys and their potential in improving bioactivity when applied as dental materials. Some conventional characterization techniques that are employed to evaluate the behaviors of titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy with different coatings are also addressed. Recent studies show that nanoscale modification can alter the chemistry and/or topography of the implant surface. Different methods have been described to modify or to enhance titanium substrates with nanoscale features. Such changes alter the implant surface interaction with ions, biomolecules, and cells. These interactions can favorably influence molecular and cellular activities and alter the process of osseointegration. In this chapter, a nanoscale modification of TiO2 nanoparticle-coated Ti6Al4V is introduced in detail. From the results mentioned, it can be concluded that the TiO2 nanoparticle-coated-Ti6Al4V is more corrosion resistant than the bare Ti6Al4V in the simulated biofluids. The chapter also explores the use of Raman microspectroscopy as a powerful technique to distinguish different crystalline phases. The results show that the temperature affects anatase to rutile transformation.
Microglia amplify inflammatory activation of astrocytes in manganese neurotoxicity.

As the primary immune response cell in the central nervous system, microglia constantly monitor the microenvironment and respond rapidly to stress, infection, and injury, making them important modulators of neuroinflammatory responses. In diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and human immunodeficiency virus-induced dementia, activation of microglia precedes astrogliosis and overt neuronal loss. Although microgliosis is implicated in manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity, the role of microglia and glial crosstalk in Mn-induced neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Experiments utilized immunopurified murine microglia and astrocytes using column-free magnetic separation. The effect of Mn on microglia was investigated using gene expression analysis, Mn uptake measurements, protein production, and changes in morphology. Additionally, gene expression analysis was used to determine the effect Mn-treated microglia had on inflammatory responses in Mn-exposed astrocytes. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis of immunopurified microglia and astrocytes indicated cultures were 97 and 90% pure, respectively. Mn treatment in microglia resulted in a dose-dependent increase in pro-inflammatory gene expression, transition to a mixed M1/M2 phenotype, and a de-ramified morphology. Conditioned media from Mn-exposed microglia (MCM) dramatically enhanced expression of mRNA for Tnf, Il-1β, Il-6, Ccl2, and Ccl5 in astrocytes, as did exposure to Mn in the presence of co-cultured microglia. MCM had increased levels of cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, TNF, CCL2, and CCL5. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB in microglia using Bay 11-7082 completely blocked microglial-induced astrocyte activation, whereas siRNA knockdown of Tnf in primary microglia only partially inhibited neuroinflammatory responses in astrocytes. These results provide evidence that NF-κB signaling in microglia plays an essential role in inflammatory responses in Mn toxicity by regulating cytokines and chemokines that amplify the activation of astrocytes.
Frankenfoods: Conceptualizing the Anti-GMO Argument in the Anthropocene

Seventy-five percent of processed food consumed in the United States contains one of the eight commercially available genetically modified organisms (GMOs); corn, soybeans, alfalfa, sugar beets, canola, cotton, papaya or squash. GMOs are organisms that have been developed by taking the DNA of a desired trait from a particular organism and inserting it into another. i This accepted reality of food production has gradually begun to be challenged as an anti-GMO movement has formed, the conceptualization of which can be understood through the word Frankenfood. Frankenfoods: Conceptualizing the Anti-GMO Argument in the Anthropocene by Catherine Mazanek is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Algorithmic Trading and Its Implications on Capital Markets

Algorithmic trading is generally defined as using computer-generated algorithms to create and execute orders on marketplaces. Recently, such algo-trading strategies are increasingly being associated with the negative impact on capital markets – both from a technological as well as a business perspective. However, there are positive effects of algorithmic trading too – such as increased liquidity and the elimination of market inefficiencies – that far outweigh the potential negative effects. Regardless of this, algo-trading has seen increasing popularity and acceptance on most of the major global markets, demanding well thought-out strategies that actually help traders and investors make more than a reasonable return on their investments. Objective of this paper is to: a) Categorize the types of algorithmic trading and describe their implications for capital markets. b) Describe how to accommodate algorithmic trading in markets, while minimizing potential adverse effects. Discuss technology options and architectures to realize the same. c) Describe the use of special-purpose orders in the context of algorithmic trading.
Five space-time-OFDM systems in mobile fading channels for multimedia transmission

In recent years, space-time (ST) code has been widely applied in wireless communications. However, due to interference or signal attenuation, the performance may be degraded when the data stream is transmitted through a wireless mobile fading channel. The ST block code is an effective approach, which can provide robustness by increasing the diversity gain. In this paper, five ST-OFDM systems with different code rates are presented. Moreover, a Walsh-Hadamard (WH) transform is employed as a pre-coder to form a new WH-ST-OFDM scheme. It provides a low peak-to-average power ratio at the transmitter and a significant diversity gain at the receiver. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the 4x1 ST-OFDM system with code rate 1/2 is the best among all five systems due to the highest diversity gain; and the BER of the WH-ST-OFDM system is better than that of the ST-OFDM system.
Need for Comprehensive Counseling in Women Requesting Oocyte Cryopreservation.

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess current counseling recommendations for women undergoing elective oocyte cryopreservation. Data Sources: PubMed and Clinical Key. Materials and Methods: A search of PubMed and Clinical Key was conducted to assess current counseling practices for elective oocyte cryopreservation. Results: It is substantiated that uniform counseling guidelines are lacking for this group of assisted reproductive technology (ART) patients presenting only for cryopreserving their oocytes. However, although a woman may be a suitable candidate for pregnancy at the point that she undergoes oocyte cryopreservation, possibly many years later, at the time of oocyte thawing, this same woman may have multiple risk factors, which will increase her risk for pregnancy-related maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Conclusions: Given the increasing use of oocyte cryopreservation, data support that women be extensively counseled at the time they are requesting elective oocyte cryo...
Impact of Low Molecular Weight Poly(3-hexylthiophene)s as Additives in Organic Photovoltaic Devices.

Despite tremendous progress in using additives to enhance the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices, significant challenges remain in controlling the microstructure of the active layer, such as at internal donor–acceptor interfaces. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of low molecular weight poly(3-hexylthiophene)s (low-MW P3HT) to the P3HT/fullerene active layer increases device performance up to 36% over an unmodified control device. Low MW P3HT chains ranging in size from 1.6 to 8.0 kg/mol are blended with 77.5 kg/mol P3HT chains and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) fullerenes while keeping P3HT/PCBM ratio constant. Optimal photovoltaic device performance increases are obtained for each additive when incorporated into the bulk heterojunction blend at loading levels that are dependent upon additive MW. Small-angle X-ray scattering and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy imaging reveal that domain sizes are approximately invariant at low loading leve...
Ecological Indicators in a Desert/Grassland Transition

The development of appropriate indicators to describe and evaluate the environmental status for desert and grassland habitats must start with an appreciation of the many scale-related processes. There are myriad biological responses to a given environmental change ranging from the seasonal dynamics of annuals, plant tissues (e.g., leaves, flowers), and faunal populations to changes in community structure, composition, and the landscape mosaic itself. Sorting through this complexity has challenged ecologists and biologists for many decades. Many local factors influence the dynamics of fine-scale processes and it is very difficult to separate those local factors from the slow or infrequent dynamics of broad-scale controls. This paper describes the approach of evaluating regional sites as points along broad-scale environmental gradients. Sites located on steep portions of such gradients are likely to be dynamic, demonstrate marked changes in life form and function (i.e., biome boundaries), and may be especially sensitive to changing environmental factors across many scales. These sites can be critical for quantifying (1) gradient relationships and distance, (2) the scale-dependent or independent nature of spatial variability, (3) how steep gradients influence system properties, and (4) integrated responses across the region (Gosz and Sharpe, 1989). The core area of any biome is near the environmental optimum for the life-form characteristic of the biome, and changes may be buffered by many biological interactions. At the distributional limits of species representing the characteristic life-form of the biome (i.e., the envelope containing the biome), controlling influences are fewer and become dominated by broad-scale, environmental factors (Neilson, 1987; Neilson et al., 1989; O’Neill et al., 1989).
A phylogenetic analysis of tribe Areceae (Arecaceae) using two low-copy nuclear genes

A phylogenetic study of the largest tribe of palms, the Areceae, was conducted using sequences of two low-copy nuclear genes. Previous morphological and plastid DNA studies have not supported the monophyly of the tribe, but have placed its members in a large clade that includes the monophyletic tribes Geonomeae, Cocoeae, Podococceae, and Hyophorbeae. We analyzed this large clade to test the monophyly of tribe Areceae with nuclear data, to explore relationships among its subtribes, and to identify other monophyletic groups. For 54 palm species, including members of all 17 subtribes of tribe Areceae, we sequenced regions of the malate synthase (MS) and phosphoribulokinase (PRK) genes. Simultaneous analysis of these regions revealed 52 shortest trees, all of which resolved tribe Areceae as polyphyletic. Subtribes Iguanurinae, Dypsidinae, Oncospermatinae, and Arecinae were also resolved as polyphyletic. A clade of Indo-Pacific taxa was resolved with strong support, and would be a suitable target for more focused study.
Challenges in Service-Oriented Networking.

CALLAWAY, ROBERT DAVID. Challenges in Service-Oriented Networking. (Under the direction of Dr. Michael Devetsikiotis and Dr. Yannis Viniotis). Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) are an emerging paradigm in IT which structures the allocation of computing resources such that they are aligned with core business processes. The core entity within an SOA is a service, which is a componentized module with standard interfaces that represents a reusable business function. An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) represents the backplane for the SOA, providing the structure for communication, integration, management, and interaction of the service components. Service-Oriented Networking (SON) is an emerging architecture in which the primary goal is to gain a greater overall efficiency in IT infrastructures by providing intelligent functionality in the network that was previously unavailable or impractical to implement. By enabling network devices to operate at the application layer, vast gains in overall performance and efficiency can be obtained with features such as hardware-based acceleration, offloading, and content based routing. The strategic physical positioning of this functionality in the network emphasizes the requirements of an SON-enabled device, which we refer to as a Network Service Intermediary (NSI), to be scalable and efficient. In this report, we discuss research trends in application-aware networks and investigate the historical progression of information technology infrastructures in order to motivate the need for SON and SOA. We review relevant literature in the development of Internet servers which we believe will be important in the development of the system architecture of an NSI. We present results from a Java implementation of a prototype NSI that suggests that the choice of an underlying concurrency mechanism has a dramatic effect on the overall performance of the NSI, based upon characteristics of the software components. Finally we conclude by summarizing our findings and we present issues for future work in this area. The ability to intelligently process messages at the application layer within network devices is a valuable tool in the development of document-centric system architectures. Network service intermediaries are an exciting new platform for the deployment of middleware and other service components within service-oriented architectures.
Electronic Health Records, Medications, and Long-Term Care

Electronic health records (EHRs) provide an opportunity to drastically reduce certain errors related to the prescribing and administration of medications. In certain settings, for example, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and other long-term care (LTC) environments, the opportunities to use EHR systems that are optimized for the setting and patient population exist now. This chapter describes the advantages in the adoption of the appropriate EHR and the pitfalls linked to poor choices.
Feeling left out: depressed adolescents may atypically recruit emotional salience and regulation networks during social exclusion

Depression is associated with negative attention and attribution biases and maladaptive emotion responsivity and regulation, which adversely impact self-evaluations and interpersonal relationships. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural substrates of these impairments. We compared neural activity recruited by 126 clinically depressed and healthy adolescents (ages 11-17 years) during social exclusion (Exclusion > Inclusion) using Cyberball. Results revealed significant interaction effects within left anterior insula (AI)/inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Insula hyperresponsivity was associated with peer exclusion for depressed adolescents but peer inclusion for healthy adolescents. In additional, healthy adolescents recruited greater lateral temporal activity during peer exclusion. Complementary effect size analyses within independent parcellations offered converging evidence, as well as highlighted medium-to-large effects within subgenual/ventral anterior cingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal, lateral temporal and lateral parietal regions implicated in emotion regulation. Depressogenic neural patterns were associated with negative self-perceptions and negative information processing biases. These findings suggest a neural mechanism underlying cognitive biases in depression, as reflected by emotional hyperresponsivity and maladaptive regulation/reappraisal of negative social evaluative information. This study lends further support for salience and central executive network dysfunction underlying social threat processing, and in particular, highlights the anterior insula as a key region of disturbance in adolescent depression.
Invisible Forces: How Contextual Receptiveness to Women Shapes Women’s Representation in the US House

ABSTRACTRecent political events, ranging from the 2016 presidential election to the “Women’s March on Washington,” have brought women’s interests and their representation in the political process t...
The Domestication of Al-Shabaab

How much influence did foreign fighters exert over al-Shabaab’s insurgency in Somalia? An emerging policy consensus is that foreign fighters exert decisive influence on insurgencies, even affecting...
Spectrum of Drug Induced Liver Injury Caused by Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse

Potent anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are often illegally present in commercially available body building supplements (BBS) and may cause drug induced liver injury (DILI) with different phenotypes. AAS induced DILI typically presents with a prolonged cholestatic liver injury with pruritus and a typical enzyme pattern of elevated transaminases that rapidly fall as alkaline phosphatase slowly increases. Liver biopsy reveals bland cholestasis that usually does not have chronic sequalae. Pathophysiology is unknown and genetic variants in genes associated with cholestatic syndromes were observed in a minority of patients. Chemical analysis of BBS have identified controlled AAS, which were not documented on the label. More frequent use of BBS in males to enhance physical performance is predicted to increase the incidence of cholestatic DILI. The typical presentation of AAS induced liver injury in an at risk populations should prompt careful assessment of BBS exposure.
Vaccination Strategies on a Robust Contact Network

Mathematical models of disease spreading are a key factor in ensuring that we are prepared to deal with the next epidemic. They allow us to predict how an infection will spread throughout a population, thereby allowing us to make intelligent choices when attempting to contain a disease. Whether due to a lack of empirical data, a lack of computational power, a lack of biological understanding, or some combination thereof, traditional models must make sweeping, unrealistic assumptions about the behavior of a population during an epidemic.
Hongkong Chinese emigration and investment patterns in response to the 1997 problem

The transfer of Hongkong from British to PRC sovereignty has resulted in an apparently large outflow of Hongkong Chinese emigrants and investments abroad. The outflow is motivated by a variety of causes: Political fear, uncertainty, and economic considerations. These motivations in turn are mediated by the socio-economic position of potential migrants, their preference for developed. Western, liberal, English-speaking countries and the interplay of these factors with the international institutional system of legal migration. Because of these factors, the possibility of Communist rule after 1997 has in fact generated not a single response from Hongkong Chinese, but a variety of different responses. They range from economically eligible migrants choosing to stay and invest in Hongkong to outright emigration and divestment.
Reducing Drinking Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Protocol for the Development and Testing of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention.

Background: Adults who are homeless are more likely to have alcohol use disorders (AUDs) compared with domiciled adults. Although AUD treatments are commonly available, many factors (eg, transportation limitations and inability to schedule appointments) contribute to low treatment completion rates and low success rates of these interventions among adults experiencing homelessness. Most adults who are homeless own mobile phones; however, no interventions have been developed that use mobile devices to deliver and support AUD interventions for this population. Mobile phone–based AUD interventions may reduce barriers that have limited the use and utility of traditional interventions. Objective: The aim of this study is to (1) identify variables (eg, affect, stress, geolocation, and cravings) that predict drinking among homeless adults (phase I), (2) develop a mobile intervention that utilizes an algorithm to identify moments of risk for drinking and deliver treatment messages that are tailored to the individual’s current needs in real time (phase II), and (3) pilot test the intervention app (phase III). Methods: In phase I, adults experiencing homelessness with an AUD (N=80) will complete baseline, equipment, 2-week, and 4-week follow-up visits in person. Participants will be prompted to complete five daily ecological momentary assessments on a study-provided smartphone for 28 days. The smartphone app will collect GPS coordinates every 5 min for the entire 28-day study period. Participants will wear a transdermal alcohol sensor that will objectively measure alcohol use. In phase II, we will use phase I data to develop an algorithm that identifies moments of heightened risk for drinking and develop treatment messages that address risk factors for drinking. Phase III will pilot test the intervention in 40 adults experiencing homelessness with AUD. Results: This project was funded in June 2018. IRB approval was obtained in October 2018, and data collection for phase I began in February 2019. Phase III data collection is expected to conclude in 2020. To date, 80 participants have consented to the study, and data analysis for phase I will begin in early 2020. Conclusions: This research will highlight intervention targets and develop a novel intervention for understudied and underserved adults experiencing homelessness with AUD.
Invariant Forms on Lie Groups

In the representation theory of finite groups it often is necessary to perform summations over the elements of the group. (See Miller, Chapter 3 or Wigner [2], Chapter 9.) For example, the orthogonality relations for the representations and their characters are expressed as sums over the group. In order to generalize the theory to continuous groups these sums must be replaced by integration with respect to an invariant measure defined on the group.
Pragmatism and Correspondence

It is commonplace to describe the pragmatist conception of truth (PT) as incompatible with correspondence theory. This popular description relies on a deflationary reading of Peirce and James’s many apparent endorsements of correspondence. This reading says they regarded it as a mere platitude or truism, not as a substantive piece of philosophical theorizing. There are two main reasons typically offered in support of this platitude narrative – (1) its consonance with Peirce’s original formulation of PT from 1878, and (2) the objections that pragmatists (including Peirce himself) frequently raised against various notions traditionally associated with CT (e.g. metaphysical realism, representationalism, etc.). I argue that neither reason is compelling and that PT and CT are compatible conceptions of truth.
Immunophenotyping reveals distinct subgroups of lupus patients based on their activated T cell subsets.

Abstract Objective This study performed an integrated analysis of the cellular and transcriptional differences in peripheral immune cells between patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls (HC). Methods Peripheral blood was analyzed using standardized flow cytometry panels. Transcriptional analysis of CD4+ T cells was performed by microarrays and Nanostring assays. Results SLE CD4+ T cells showed an increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation and immunoregulatory genes. SLE patients presented higher frequencies of activated CD38+HLA-DR+ T cells than HC. Hierarchical clustering identified a group of SLE patients among which African Americans were overrepresented, with highly activated T cells, and higher frequencies of Th1, Tfh, and plasmablast cells. T cell activation was positively correlated with metabolic gene expression in SLE patients but not in HC. Conclusions SLE subjects presenting with activated T cells and a hyperactive metabolic signature may represent an opportunity to correct aberrant immune activation through targeted metabolic inhibitors.
Acetabular impaction grafting with mesh for acetabular bone defects: a systematic review.

Introduction:In conjunction with impaction bone grafting (IBG), metal meshes have been proposed to minimise defects of the medial and superolateral walls in order to convert combined complex uncont...
Lectures on Random Lozenge Tilings

Over the past 25 years, there has been an explosion of interest in the area of random tilings. The first book devoted to the topic, this timely text describes the mathematical theory of tilings. It starts from the most basic questions (which planar domains are tileable?), before discussing advanced topics about the local structure of very large random tessellations. The author explains each feature of random tilings of large domains, discussing several different points of view and leading on to open problems in the field. The book is based on upper-division courses taught to a variety of students but it also serves as a self-contained introduction to the subject. Test your understanding with the exercises provided and discover connections to a wide variety of research areas in mathematics, theoretical physics, and computer science, such as conformal invariance, determinantal point processes, Gibbs measures, high-dimensional random sampling, symmetric functions, and variational problems.
De la Taille's Mysterium Fidei: Eucharistic Sacrifice and Nouvelle Théologie

Maurice de la Taille's Mysterium Fidei (1921) was, as one of its reviewers remarked, a veritable ‘theological event’, both in terms of its methodology and its overturning of post-Tridentine theology on eucharistic sacrifice. De la Taille's work has been long overlooked in the history of theology in the early twentieth century. The paper demonstrates that de la Taille's work on the Eucharist proves an early example of nouvelle theologie and a catalyst for the the liturgical movement. Conciliar and pre-Conciliar documents presuppose his Mysterium Fidei. Through the retrieval of a patristic and medieval teaching about sacrificial oblation, de la Taille disperses the web of immolationist theories about the sacrifice of the Mass that had dominated baroque and early modern theology.
Alterations in vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation: associations with asthmatic phenotype, airway inflammation and β2-agonist use

Background Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) mediates focal adhesion, actin filament binding and polymerization in a variety of cells, thereby inhibiting cell movement. Phosphorylation of VASP via cAMP and cGMP dependent protein kinases releases this "brake" on cell motility. Thus, phosphorylation of VASP may be necessary for epithelial cell repair of damage from allergen-induced inflammation. Two hypotheses were examined: (1) injury from segmental allergen challenge increases VASP phosphorylation in airway epithelium in asthmatic but not nonasthmatic normal subjects, (2) regular in vivo β2-agonist use increases VASP phosphorylation in asthmatic epithelium, altering cell adhesion.
A Woman'S Voice As Her Life Changes

Our innate capacity for voice is with us from the beginnings of life. The concept of voice is a complex issue rooted in the core of the self. Once we become aware of ourselves, we realize our capacity for self-expression. Self-expression is part of the cooperative network of communication between the self and others as we share emotions, thoughts, and ideas. Voice facilitates a connection between the world of one individual and the world of another. The purpose of this article was to explore and discover the processes, influences, attitudes and beliefs that affect a woman's ability to define her menopausal voice. A woman's voice expresses her knowledge, set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices in the form of language. Voice becomes a manifestation of the essence of self, and when listened to, breaks the silence of non-existence. A menopausal woman's voice is the voice that expresses the entirety of her existence at that particular stage in life. Post-menopausal women were asked to define their ...
Chairman Paradoxes Under Approval Voting

In his pioneering analysis of sophisticated voting, Farquharson (1969) demonstrated that a chairman with both a regular and tie-breaking vote may do worse under the plurality procedure than if he had only a regular vote (no tie-breaker paradox). In a recent paper, we (Brams, Felsenthal, and Maoz, 1986) demonstrated that two related paradoxes can occur.
A Study of Beryllium-Oxide-Moderated Subcritical Assemblies Containing Various Metal Absorbers*

Reactivity worth measurements are reported for various metal plates in a quasi-homogeneous subcritical assembly of enriched uranium and beryllium oxide. Worths of nickel, iron, cobalt, gold, Hastel...
Importing Diversity: Inside Japan's JET Program

Importing Diversity: Inside Japan's JET Program. David L. McConnell. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. ix. 328 pp., tables, notes, bibliography, index.
The effects of thermal shock waves on the crack initiation around a moving heat source

Abstract The effect of finite speed of heat propagation on the orientations of crack initiation from a moving heat source is studied analytically in this work. The thermal wave model is employed and the Neuber-Papkovich representation for the thermoelastic displacement potential is modified accordingly to account for such an effect. The modified term appears as the highest order differential in the resulting equation and the stress field as well as the orientations of crack initiation significantly deviate from those predicted by the thermal diffusion model. A thermal Mach number M defined as the ratio of the speed of the moving heat source to that of the heat propagation in the solid is introduced in the formulation to characterize both the thermal and the mechanical fields. Both the maximum circumferential stress and the strain energy density criteria are considered in the analysis. In the subsonic range with M , the emphasis is placed on the difference of the results predicted by the two criteria. While at the transonic ( M = 1 ) and in the supersonic ( M > 1 ) ranges, special considerations are given to the field singularities induced by the thermal shock waves. Also, as the thermal Mach number increases, the evolutions of the heat affected zone and the thermally undisturbed zone in the physical domain are discussed.
Photonic Crystals Based on Periodic Arrays of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

We demonstrate here that large area periodic arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes can be fabricated inexpensively on Ni dots made by the process of self-assembly nanosphere lithography. These periodic arrays appear colorful due to their efficient reflection and diffraction of visible light. In addition, due to their honeycomb lattice structure, these arrays can act as photonic band gap crystals in the visible frequency range. In this report, we present the initial exploration of the optical properties of such arrays. Here we show that these potential 2D photonic band gap crystal arrays might find very important applications in optoelectronics.
Abstract B87: Determing molecular and cellular mechanisms of gemcitabine response and relapse using human PDAC xenograft models.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S., with an overall median survival of less than one year. Of patients who are candidates for curative-intent surgical resection, median survival increases to almost two years. Moreover, addition of adjuvant gemcitabine treatment nearly doubles disease-free survival, with a 5-year survival of 23%. Despite this survival benefit, a majority of patients are refractory to treatment, relapse quickly, and succumb to disease. In the field, it has been hypothesized that two mechanisms may determine PDAC tumor cell chemoresistance to gemcitabine. First, expression of the dCK metabolic axis with its associated transporters and enzymes can greatly influence gemcitabine toxicity and pharmacodynamics. Second, certain tumor populations with cancer stem cell-like activity may be chemoresistant due to altered genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. We decided to test these hypotheses and determine the mechanisms governing gemcitibine resistance using patient-derived xenograft models we have generated. We have treated seven human xenograft lines in vivo with gemcitabine and found that two tumor lines completely responded throughout the treatment course, whereas five tumor lines relapsed immediately after drug withdrawal. We first checked dCK levels and activity, as well as other genes previously reported to be associated with gemcitabine import and metabolism, but found no correlation. We next examined cancer stem cell content with established cell surface markers, and found no significant differences among xenograft lines before or after treatment. Furthermore, we utilized a pulse-chase lineage tracing approach to track repopulating cells in vivo in relapsing tumors after treatment, and found that many tumor cells are capable of proliferation, not being confined to a specific tumor subpopulation. Together, our preliminary study suggests neither the dCK axis nor subpopulations within the PDAC mass are responsible for gemcitabine relapse. We are currently performing gene expression microarray analysis on these tumors aiming at identifying pathway alterations segregating response and relapse groups, which may provide novel molecular insights governing gemcitabine sensitivity. Citation Format: Antreas A. Hindoyan, Linh Tran, Sindhuja Godavarthi, Daniel Braas, Heather Christofk, Timothy Donahue, Hong Wu. Determing molecular and cellular mechanisms of gemcitabine response and relapse using human PDAC xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B87.
Compression and tensile strength of low-density straw-protein particleboard

Abstract Wheat straw can be used as a raw material for particleboard, and soybean protein can be used as an adhesive in particleboard fabrication. The objective of this research was to characterize the mechanical properties of low-density wheat straw-soy protein particleboard as affected by protein modification/denaturation, initial straw moisture content, and chemical treatment of the straw. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), considered an environmental-friendly resin, was also used as a binder for comparison. The major factors that determined the mechanical properties of wheat-straw particleboard were the types of adhesives, straw surface properties, and moisture content of straw. Surface treatment of straw with bleach gave better results than treatments with hydroperoxide alone or combined with sodium hydroxide treatment. Sodium hydroxide, urea, and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid were used in the modification of soy protein. Particleboard with sodium hydroxide-modified soy protein had the best mechanical properties. The bondability of modified soy protein was highly dependent on straw moisture content. About 30–40% initial straw moisture content was needed to obtain good bonding. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate showed better bondability than modified soy protein adhesives. Equilibrium moisture content of straw particleboard increased as the relative humidity increased. The equilibrium moisture contents were similar for straw particleboard with sodium hydroxide-modified soy protein and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate adhesives at 30 or 60% relative humidity. Although the soy protein-based adhesive resulted in low-density particleboard with poorer mechanical properties than the methylene diphenyl diisocyanate adhesive, it is environmental-friendly and could be used in filters or light-weight core material where the requirement for mechanical strength is not stringent.
Us & Them? Entering a three-dimensional narrative inquiry space with white pre-service teachers to explore race, racism, and anti-racism

In this article, two white teacher educators illustrate entering into a three-dimensional narrative space with a white pre-service teacher. The authors explore how their histories have led them to practice teacher education pedagogies that are rooted in ideas of social justice and critical race theory. In order to support the goals and aims of social justice and critical race teaching, teacher educators must be willing to be ‘part of the parade’ of teacher education with pre-service teachers, sharing their stories of racialized experiences alongside the stories of white pre-service teachers. As a result of entering a three-dimensional narrative space with white pre-service teachers, the authors encourage teacher educators to become more cognizant of their roles in shaping pre-service teachers’ understandings of race and racism. To do so, teacher educators must assume a narrative inquiry stance in their teaching.
Diffusion in inhomogeneous films and membranes

Abstract In a number of different contexts one is interested in the diffusion of a penetrant into an inhomogeneous film or membrane. We review exact results in the theory of permeation through membranes containing fixed inhomogeneities. We also present the available exact results on permeation, time lag, and sorption for a sufficiently dilute penetrant in an inhomogeneous slab or film. We discuss and compare the kind of information provided by permeation and sorption studies using a variety of examples of simple types of inhomogeneities.
Ethnogeriatric Education: A Collaborative Project of Geriatric Education Centers.

Geriatric Education Center (GEC) faculty and staff are committed to teaching health professionals about the impact of culture on the health and health care of elders from ethnically diverse backgrounds. Ethnogeriatrics was highlighted as an important issue in the National Agenda for Geriatric Education during the 1990s. Between 1999 and 2001, the GEC Collaborative on Ethnogeriatric Education developed a Core Curriculum on Ethnogeriatrics and Ethnic Specific Modules. Faculty from 34 GECs wrote, reviewed, revised, expanded, and disseminated the Curriculum in Ethnogeriatrics. The 16-module, web-based Curriculum provides detailed information and teaching resources about important historical and cultural influences on the health care experience of the diverse U.S. population of elders. The Stanford GEC has tracked usage of the ethnogeriatric curriculum and reports favorable responses regarding its effectiveness. Many GECs have used the modules in their continuing education programs. GEC faculty share their teaching methods with others at professional meetings and present training sessions in their own geographical areas.
Thermodynamic behavior of solid polymers in uniaxial deformation

Mesures de la chaleur et du travail de deformation uniaxiale pour 2 caoutchoucs d'urethanne et un polyethylene basse densite a l'aide d'un nouveau calorimetre de deformation. Etude des deformations reversibles et irreversibles
Space visions from a new generation

Abstract Through experiences at the International Space University's 1995 Summer Session, the authors became aware of generational differences of opinion with regard to visions for future space activities. The faculty members had expansionary visions of space exploration and colonization, while the students, having grown up in a very different environment, had concerns which centered around using space to improve life on Earth. This paper addresses possible explanations for these different perspectives. The visions of this younger generation are those which will shape the space policy of the future and are even beginning to shape it today.
Should Rehabilitation Be Mandatory in Workers' Compensation Programs?:

When workers' compensation and public vocational rehabilitation programs began in the first decades of this century they were closely allied but now have drifted apart. In an effort to bring the benefits of rehabilitation to work-injured persons, some state workers' compensation programs, beginning with California in 1975, mandated the referral of workers to rehabilitation, but not necessarily to the public program. It has proven most difficult to mandate those services. Decisions about when to intervene, how to intervene, and what services ought to be provided—decisions once left to the parties—must be specified in detail if the services are compulsory. In recent years there has been a retreat from the mandatory provisions. Some states have repealed the provisions outright; others have provided different financing devices. The controversy about mandatory rehabilitation illustrates how little we know about the basic mechanics and economics of the process, or at least how little we know which is convincing...