cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 1820 Long Expedition

SYNOPSIS. The Long Expedition left for the headwaters of the South Platte River in June of 1820 and returned to Ft. Smith, Arkansas that same Fall. In contrast to previous expeditions to the West (Lewis and Clark and Pike), Long brought with him men who had had some formal training in natural history. Thomas Say and Titian Peale served as his zoologists, and Dr. Edwin James as a botanist/geologist. Long himself was a graduate of Dartmouth College and had served as an instructor at West Point. He was one of ten select topographical engineers and had already explored the frontier wilderness of western Arkansas and the headwaters of the Mississippi River. During the course of the summer the scientific party explored the Front Range of the Colorado Rockies. Although the outcome of the expedition has received mixed reviews from historians, viewed in the context of the times, I believe it to be a limited success and a model for expeditions that were to follow. The naturalists continued in their careers and made their marks on American natural history. Long anchored his position when he coined the term “Great American Desert,” his description of Colorado that summer of 1820, a label quite appropriate, but not beloved by politicians or tourist bureaus.
Functional convergence in plant responses to the environment

Much comparative ecophysiological research has focused on contrasting species-specific behavior or ecological strategies with regard to regulation of basic physiological processes such as transpiration, photosynthesis and growth, leading to an emphasis on divergence rather than convergence in plant functioning. This review highlights selected examples in which substantial functional convergence among taxonomically, phylogenetically and architecturally diverse species has been revealed by applying appropriate scaling factors and identifying universal constraints or trade-offs. Recent empirical and theoretical scaling models emphasize the strong role that plant size, architecture, allometry and chemistry play in constraining functional traits related to water and carbon economy and growth. Taken together, the findings summarized here strongly suggest that there are a limited number of physiological solutions to a given problem of plant adaptation to the environment. Comparative ecophysiological studies will therefore benefit from consideration of the constraints that plant anatomical, structural and chemical attributes place on physiological functioning.
Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Defect-Oriented Approach

Perioperative Nutrition and Metabolic Support for the Head and Neck Cancer Patient Jeffrey I. Mechanick Advanced Recipient Vessel Selection in Free Tissue Transfer to the Head and Neck Mark L. Urken Complications of Free Tissue Transfer in Head and Neck Reconstruction Gerry F. Funk, Keith E. Blackwell, and Ryan N. Heffelfinger ORAL CAVITY RECONSTRUCTION Reconstruction of the Lips Arthur Salibian and Mark L. Urken Oromandibular Reconstruction Daniel Buchbinder, Devin J. Okay, and Mark L. Urken Reconstruction of the Oral Cavity following Partial and Total Glossectomy Mark L. Urken and Devin J. Okay Pediatric Mandibular and Maxillary Reconstruction Neal D. Futran, Devin J. Okay, and Mark L. Urken MIDFACE AND SCALP RECONSTRUCTION Reconstruction of Palatomaxillary Defects Mark L. Urken and Devin J. Okay Facial Reanimation Tessa A. Hadlock and Mack L. Cheney Reconstruction of the Cheek and Neck Mark L. Urken Auricular Reconstruction Tessa A. Hadlock, Mack L. Cheney, and Devin J. Okay Periorbital Reconstruction Jeffrey A. Nerad, Siew-Shuen Chao, and Adam de la Garza Scalp Reconstruction Arthur Salibian and Mark L. Urken PHARYNGEAL RECONSTRUCTION Oropharyngeal Reconstruction Jeffrey R. Harris, Hadi Seikaly, and Mark L. Urken Pharyngoesophageal Reconstruction Keith E. Blackwell and Mark L. Urken POST-TRAUMATIC HEAD AND NECK RECONSTRUCTION Reconstruction of the Head and Neck following Major Trauma Gerry F. Funk
Small-area in-situ MEMS test structure to measure fracture strength by electrostatic probing

We have designed, fabricated, tested and modeled a first generation small area test structure for MEMS fracture studies by electrostatic rather than mechanical probing. Because of its small area, this device has potential applications as a lot monitor of strength of fatigue of the MEMS structural material. By matching deflection versus applied voltage data to a 3D model of the test structure, we develop high confidence that the local stresses achieved in the gage section are greater than 1 GPa. Brittle failure of the polycrystalline silicon was observed.
Calculation of spectroscopic data for the ν = 2 and ν = 3 states of nitric oxide☆

Abstract The calculation of line positions, energy levels and line intensities for the NO overtone bands 2-0 and 3-0, done for the AFGL atmospheric trace gas data tape, is presented. A simultaneous least-squares fit has been made to the measured frequencies of the overtone bands, using previously determined constants for the ground (ν = 0) state. This has resulted in new spectroscopic constants for the ν = 2 and ν = 3 states. The eigenvectors were used to compute line intensities, while the same line halfwidths were used for the fundamentals as for the overtone bands.
Complex HRR range signatures

The need to automatically identify moving targets is becoming increasingly important in modern battlefields. However, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is problematic when applied to moving targets scenarios because moving targets tend to smear SAR images. High-Range Resolution (HRR) Radar has, consequentially, attracted more attention due to its potential performance in moving target identification. However, devising reliable identification techniques using HRR signatures is challenging because the signatures are extremely sensitive to radar aspect angles primarily because of scintillation. This aspect sensitivity causes the HRR signatures to exhibit irregular behavior that makes extracting robust target features a challenge. As a result, HRR applications tend to base their processing on the magnitude of complex HRR signatures. We argue that insightful feature selection shoudl be based on a detailed understanding of the properties of the complex signatures. In this paper we focus on studying the fundamental behavior of complex HRR signatures that are generated from a representative HRR model. Our analysis focuses on (1) scintillation effects; (2) the relationship between HRR signatures and aspect angle, and (3) the utility of the phase of complex HRR signatures. In this paper we present a number of observations concerning the redundancy of phase information, the variance of HRR signatures as a function of aspect angle, and the relationship between scattering coefficients and scatterer locations.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Engineering Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Morphogenesis for the Development of Tissue Models and Scalable Regenerative Therapeutics

The physiochemical stem cell microenvironment regulates the delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation. The three-dimensional assembly of stem cells facilitates cellular interactions that promote morphogenesis, analogous to the multicellular, heterotypic tissue organization that accompanies embryogenesis. Therefore, expansion and differentiation of stem cells as multicellular aggregates provides a controlled platform for studying the biological and engineering principles underlying spatiotemporal morphogenesis and tissue patterning. Moreover, three-dimensional stem cell cultures are amenable to translational screening applications and therapies, which underscores the broad utility of scalable suspension cultures across laboratory and clinical scales. In this review, we discuss stem cell morphogenesis in the context of fundamental biophysical principles, including the three-dimensional modulation of adhesions, mechanics, and molecular transport and highlight the opportunities to employ stem cell spheroids for tissue modeling, bioprocessing, and regenerative therapies.
Utilizing the potential for increased nitrogen fixation in common bean

Many variables affect the amount of N2 fixation that occurs in field-grown common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). When environmental conditions are optimized, genetically superior plants that are nodulated with efficient rhizobia are able to fix enough N2 to support grain yields of up to 2000 kg ha−1. All of the required components are available for common bean to fulfill its potential as a nitrogen-fixing food crop. However, these components must be assembled and presented to growers in a usable package that is economically attractive.
Predicting the energy cost of terrestrial locomotion: a test of the LiMb model in humans and quadrupeds

The energy cost of terrestrial locomotion has been linked to the muscle forces generated to support body weight and swing the limbs. The LiMb model predicts these forces, and hence locomotor cost, as a function of limb length and basic kinematic variables. Here, I test this model in humans, goats and dogs in order to assess the performance of the LiMb model in predicting locomotor cost for bipeds and quadrupeds. Model predictions were compared to observed locomotor cost, measured via oxygen consumption, during treadmill trials performed over a range of speeds for both walking and running gaits. The LiMb model explained more of the variation in locomotor cost than other predictors, including contact time, Froude number and body mass. The LiMb model also accurately predicted the magnitude of vertical ground forces. Results suggest the LiMb model reliably links locomotor anatomy to force production and locomotor cost. Further, these data support the idea that limb length may underlie the scaling of locomotor cost for terrestrial animals.
Magnetic nanocomposites for organic compatible miniaturized antennas and inductors

Current wireless systems are limited by RF technologies in their size, communication range, efficiency and cost. RF circuits are difficult to miniaturize without compromising performance. Antennas and inductors are major impediments for system miniaturization because of the lack of magnetic materials with suitable high frequency properties. Keeping antenna and inductor requirements into consideration, two magnetic nanocomposite systems - silica coated cobalt-BCB and Ni ferrite-epoxy were investigated as candidate materials. Nanocomposite thick film structures (125-225 microns) were screen printed onto organic substrates. Parallel plate capacitors and single coil coplanar inductors were fabricated on these films to characterize the electrical and magnetic properties of these materials at low and high frequencies. Electrical characterization showed that the Co/SiO/sub 2/ nanocomposite sample has a permeability and a matching permittivity of /spl sim/10 at GHz frequency range making it a good antenna candidate. Both polymer matrix composites retain high permeability at 1-2 GHz.
Application of pareto genetic algorithm optimization to the design of broadband dipole elements for use in the Long Wavelength Array (LWA)

The application of Pareto GA multi-objective optimization to the design of planar dipole antennas for use in the LWA has been presented. The Pareto GA was used to optimize antenna performance in terms of sky noise frequency response and radiation pattern quality over the 20 MHz to 80 MHz band assuming the antenna is operated directly over an average lossy earth. It was shown that it is possible to design an antenna with radiation patterns that conform well to a sin(thetas) profile over the entire operating band with minimal pattern ripple at higher frequencies. However, high sky noise dominance cannot be achieved over the entire band with such a design. Antenna designs exist, which exhibit 6 dB dominance over the entire band, though this comes at the expense of reduced pattern beamwidth and higher pattern ripple. For the antenna geometry considered, improved design trade-offs can only be achieved by placing a metal reflector beneath the antenna; this is a topic for further investigation using Pareto GA optimization.
Protein-DNA Complexes in Mycobacteriophage L5 Integrative Recombination

The temperate mycobacteriophage L5 integrates site specifically into the genomes of Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin. This integrative recombination event occurs between the phage L5 attP site and the mycobacterial attB site and requires the phage-encoded integrase and mycobacterial-encoded integration host factor mIHF. Here we show that attP, Int-L5, and mIHF assemble into a recombinationally active complex, the intasome, which is capable of attB capture and formation of products. The arm-type integrase binding sites within attP play specialized roles in the formation of specific protein-DNA architectures; the intasome is constructed by the formation of intramolecular integrase bridges between one pair of sites, P4-P5, and the attP core, while an additional pair of sites, P1-P2, is required for interaction with attB.
Polymernetzwerke mit gegenseitiger Durchdringung

Neben der Vermischung und der Copolymerisation gibt es eine dritte Moglichkeit zur Kombination zweier Polymere. Dabei bildet jedes Polymer ein gesondertes Netzwerk, und beide Netzwerke durchdringen einander. Kovalente Bindungen zwischen ihnen fehlen. Solche Netzwerke mit gegenseitiger Durchdringung sind sequentiell (aus Polymer A und Monomer B) oder simultan (aus Monomer A und Monomer B) hergestellt worden. Vorzugsweise kombiniert man ein Elastomer und ein Glas, z. B. ein Polyurethan und ein Polyacrylat. Je nach den Mengenverhaltnissen entsteht ein verstarktes Elastomer oder ein Harz von hoher Schlagzahigkeit. Direkte Methoden, mit denen das Ausmas der gegenseitigen Durchdringung festgestellt werden konnte, sind noch nicht bekannt.
5′ CArG degeneracy in smooth muscle α-actin is required for injury-induced gene suppression in vivo

CC(A/T)6GG–dependent (CArG-dependent) and serum response factor–dependent (SRF-dependent) mechanisms are required for gene expression in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, an unusual feature of many SMC-selective promoter CArG elements is that they contain a conserved single G or C substitution in their central A/T-rich region, which reduces binding affinity for ubiquitously expressed SRF. We hypothesized that this CArG degeneracy contributes to cell-specific expression of smooth muscle α-actin in vivo, since substitution of c-fos consensus CArGs for the degenerate CArGs resulted in relaxed specificity in cultured cells. Surprisingly, our present results show that these substitutions have no effect on smooth muscle–specific transgene expression during normal development and maturation in transgenic mice. However, these substitutions significantly attenuated injury-induced downregulation of the mutant transgene under conditions where SRF expression was increased but expression of myocardin, a smooth muscle–selective SRF coactivator, was decreased. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, together with cell culture studies, suggested that myocardin selectively enhanced SRF binding to degenerate versus consensus CArG elements. Our results indicate that reductions in myocardin expression and the degeneracy of CArG elements within smooth muscle promoters play a key role in phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells in vivo, as well as in mediating responses of CArG-dependent smooth muscle genes and growth regulatory genes under conditions in which these 2 classes of genes are differentially expressed.
The effect of coastline curvature on the weakening of atlantic tropical cyclones

This study attempts to determine the relationship between the curvature of the coastline and the filling (increase in central pressure) of hurricanes and tropical storms by comparing both the rate of filling and the total filling for storms striking convex, concave, and linear coastlines. The USA and Mexican coastline was approximated by a subjective smoothing procedure, and the coastal curvature corresponding to each landfalling Atlantic tropical cyclone from 1900 to 1979 was measured and grouped into one of the three curvature categories. Storm-filling rates and total amounts of filling were determined before and after landfall by computing the change in wind speed for various Saffir-Simpson hurricane intensity categories. The averages of these variables within each strength and curvature grouping were compared in order to determine if they were statistically different. Storms were also compared in order to determine if stronger storms fill a greater total amount than weaker storms, regardless of the coastline's curvature. Concave coasts were found to be associated with storms filling both more rapidly and by a greater amount than convex coasts for weak hurricanes and strong tropical storms, and they were associated with storms that filled by a greater amount for hurricanes of moderate strength. This most likely results from the lower water-to-land ratios associated with storms striking concave coasts and the reduction in latent and sensible heat fluxes from the surface. Also, stronger storms were found to fill more rapidly and by a greater total amount than weaker storms, and storms striking the East Coast generally filled more rapidly and by a greater total amount than storms striking the Gulf Coast or Florida.
Tracking of food choices across the transition to motherhood.

Abstract Objective This research addresses 2 questions: What are the patterns in selected food choice behaviors across the transition to motherhood? and Do the patterns vary by mothers' social location, particularly parity, family income, and breastfeeding behavior? Design A prospective cohort study with healthy, adult women followed from midpregnancy until 2 years postpartum. Data were collected through mailed questionnaires for prepregnancy and pregnancy, at 6 months, at 1 and 2 years postpartum, and through an audit of the women's medical records. Setting A hospital and primary care clinic system serving a 10-county area of rural upstate New York. Participants 360 women of the 622 in the cohort provided data for all time points. Variables Measured Three food choice behaviors served as categorical dependent variables at each of the 5 time points: drinking ≥ 2 cups of milk per day, consuming ≥ 3 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, and eating breakfast every day. Three social location variables were used as independent variables for the second research question: parity (nulliparous vs primi- and multiparous), family income (low [≤ 185% of federal poverty level] vs higher), and breastfeeding (≥ 1 year vs less). Analysis McNemar's test was used to compare proportions of women at or above the cutoff value for each food choice behavior across time, and the Fisher exact test was used to compare proportions between groups for each social location variable at each time point. P ≤.05 was considered significant. Results The proportion of women drinking 2 or more cups of milk per day at 2 years postpartum was not different from prepregnancy, but the proportions consuming 3 or more fruits and vegetables and eating breakfast every day were significantly higher at 2 years postpartum than prior to pregnancy. The pattern of change varied by categories within the social location variables and differed by food choice behavior. Conclusions and Implications The transition to motherhood was associated with a positive change in some food choice behaviors. Women making this transition for the first time showed the most consistent positive changes and should be a target audience for nutrition education.
Prenatal Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation of Suspected Smith–Lemli–Opitz (RSH) Syndrome

Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLOS), or RSH syndrome, is an autosomal recessive deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) resulting in an accumulation of 7- and 8-dehydrocholesterol (7- and 8-DHC) in tissues and body fluids. At birth patients have variable malformations of CNS, heart, kidney, genitalia, and limbs, which may be life-limiting. In later course, psychomotor and mental retardation and behavior abnormalities become evident. Prenatally SLOS can be suspected on the basis of malformations and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in prenatal ultrasonography and reduced maternal free estriol in serum. The diagnosis is confirmed by sterol analysis in a chorionic villus biopsy or amniotic fluid (AF). In this study, we evaluated the predictive value of the above mentioned criteria in combination with family history by quantification of sterols in AF in pregnancies with either a family history, ultrasonographical abnormalities typical for SLOS, or reduced maternal serum unconjugated estriol (MSuE3). The relative frequency of SLOS in fetuses with an affected sibling was 0.23, as to be expected for an autosomal recessive disease. The probability for SLOS was <0.6% when neither an affected sib nor more than one typical SLOS malformation was present. For safety reasons and for cost-effectiveness we recommend careful evaluation of history, MSuE3, and clinical presentation before determining sterols in AF.
An N‐bridged tritungsten compound for the chemical vapor deposition of WNx thin films

In the title compound, octa­chlorido-1κ4Cl,3κ4Cl-di-μ2-nitrido-1:2κ2N:N;2:3κ2N:N-tetra­pyridine-1κN,2κ2N,3κN-bis­(trimeth­yl­silylimido-2κN)tritungsten(V) dichloro­methane disolvate, [W3(C3H9NSi)2Cl8N2(C5H5N)4]·2CH2Cl2, the central W metal atom is located on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral environment by two trimethyl­silylimido groups, two pyridine mol­ecules and two μ-N atoms which bridge it to the two other W atoms. These terminal W centers also show a distorted octa­hedral coordination, the bridging N atom and the pyridine ligand being trans with respect to each other. Additionally, four Cl atoms are bound to each terminal W atom, in a square-planar geometry, completing the octa­hedral coordination.
Iron Nutrition and the Female Athlete: Countermeasures for the Prevention of Poor Iron Status

Iron is a trace element found in the diet and is essential for cognition and energy metabolism. Poor iron status is a concern for female athletes, who might not consume adequate levels of dietary iron and could experience elevated iron loss from physiologic processes associated with physical activity. Physical performance and cognitive decrements have been demonstrated in female athletes with iron deficiency anemia; both improve with increased iron intake. Two approaches for increasing iron intake in female athletes are the consumption of iron supplements and increasing dietary intake of foods high in iron to include iron-fortified foods. Both of these approaches have advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when treating female athletes with poor iron status.
On the optical thickness of disordered particulate media

In this work ray-tracing theory is employed to determine the amount of propagating incident optical energy, characterized by the Poynting vector, that is reflected and the amount that is absorbed by aggregates of randomly dispersed particles. It is assumed that any absorbed optical energy becomes entirely trapped within the particles, and is not re-emitted. Of particular interest is to ascertain the dependence of the overall scattering on the volume fraction of the particles and the ratio of the refractive indices of the ambient medium and the particles. Both analytical and numerical studies are performed to study the volume fractions and reflectivity of the particles needed to achieve optically thick systems, i.e. systems where, in an overall averaged sense, no incident electromagnetic radiation penetrates through the aggregate collection of particles.
Aqueous light driven hydrogen production by a Ru–ferredoxin–Co biohybrid

Herein we report the creation of a novel solar fuel biohybrid for light-driven H2 production utilizing the native electron transfer protein ferredoxin (Fd) as a scaffold for binding of a ruthenium photosensitizer (PS) and a molecular cobaloxime catalyst (Co). EPR and transient optical experiments provide direct evidence of a long-lived (>1.5 ms) Ru(III)–Fd–Co(I) charge separated state formed via an electron relay through the Fd [2Fe–2S] cluster, initiating the catalytic cycle for 2H+ + 2e− → H2.
Concurrency and Commitment: Network Scheduling and Its Consequences for Diffusion 1

ABSTRACT Network ties are thought to be concurrent—one can “have” many friends at once, for instance—but their concrete enactment is largely serial and episodic, guided by priorities that steer a person from one encounter to the next. Further, dyadic encounters require that two people be simultaneously available to interact, creating the need for coordinated scheduling. Here I study the consequences of scheduling for network diffusion, using a computer simulation that interposes a scheduling process between a pre-existing network and instances of contagion. The pace and extent of diffusion are shown to depend upon the interaction of network topology, contagion rule (on first-contact versus at some threshold), and whether actors try to remedy past scheduling imperfections. Scheduling turns central actors into diffusion bottlenecks, but can also trigger early adoption by giving actors false readings on the status of their network alters. The implications of scheduling extend beyond diffusion, to other outco...
Interaction of outburst floods with basaltic aquifers on the Snake River Plain: Implications for Martian canyons

Idaho’s Snake River Plain is underlain by a young sequence of basaltic lava fl ows that house one of the most conductive aquifers in the world and have been sculpted by at least three megafl oods in the last ~100 k.y. The timing and routing of these fl oods, and their interaction with the underlying aquifer, have taken on renewed signifi cance because they have carved amphitheater-headed dry canyons analogous to those found on Mars. In this study, we use cosmogenic 3 He and 21 Ne dating of fl ood-deposited boulders to show that the Big Lost River and Bonne ville fl oods were closely spaced in time at ca. 22.3 and ca. 17.5 ka, respectively. Most of the dry canyons record signifi cant erosion during the Big Lost River fl ood, despite its much smaller magnitude than the later Bonne ville fl ood. We explain this puzzling observation by proposing a composite erosion model in which erosion during the Big Lost River fl ood was partially accomplished by routing of fl oodwaters through the Snake River Plain aquifer. Topographic analysis shows that Big Lost River fl oodwaters ponded in the Terreton Basin, infi ltrated into the aquifer, and likely emerged as return fl ow in watersheds upstream of the dry canyons. We propose that sustained and focused erosion associated with return fl ow over months to years could explain the unique morphology of some dry canyons. Such a model also explains why most dry canyons are coincident with springs and surface watersheds, and it may provide a model for the way in which morphologically similar canyons evolved on Mars.
Visualizing Method-Produced Uncertainty in Isometric Mapping

Isometric mapping, while highly uncertain, continues to be a preferred mapping method for continuous data in many of the physical and social sciences. Isometric method-produced uncertainty refers to the various map representations that result when different methods and/or specifications are used in the mapping process. This paper examines ways to communicate the nature and magnitude of isometric method-produced uncertainty to map readers so that they are encouraged to be uncertain when it is warranted. As a case study, we consider an extensive set of plant hardiness zone maps that result when different interpolation methods and sampling resolutions operate on the same set of data. Our results show that slightly different choices in the mapping process can result in very different looking isometric maps, and suggest that the manifestations of method-produced uncertainty are not as systematic, or straightforward, as suggested by interpolation accuracy assessments. We then explore the use of two existing visualization techniques, flickering and transparency, to communicate the nature and magnitude of isometric method-produced uncertainty.
Instantons and Monopoles in {Yang-Mills} Gauge Field Theories

Abstract This is a survey article on instantons and monopoles and is intended for those who have no prior knowledge of Yang-Mills gauge field theories. With minimal amount of physical motivation and mathematical apparatus, the basic field equations and their solutions, wherever known, are presented. Particular emphasis is put on those problems which are as yet unsolved.
Light-Intensity Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality.

Abstract Purpose. Research demonstrates that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Few studies have examined the effects of light-intensity physical activity on mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured light-intensity physical activity and all-cause mortality risk. Design. Longitudinal. Setting. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006 with follow-up through December 31, 2011. Subjects. Five thousand five hundred seventy-five U.S. adults. Measures. Participants wore an accelerometer for at least 4 days and completed questionnaires to assess sociodemographics and chronic disease information, with blood samples taken to assess biological markers. Follow-up mortality status was assessed via death certificate data from the National Death Index. Analysis. Cox proportional hazard model. Results. After adjusting for accelerometer-determined MVPA, age, gender, race...
LATE RUPTURES OF EXTENSOR AND FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS TENDONS FOLLOWING COLLES' FRACTURE

1. Wrist tendon ruptures occur following disease processes and trauma, single or multiple. 2. A case of late rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon following Colles' fracture is reported, making twenty-eight in the literature. 3. A case of late rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon following Colles' fracture is reported. No other reported cases were found. 4. Almost complete restoration of function followed suture of the tendon in each case.
Lumbar Posture: A Study of Roentgenographic Measurement and the Influence of Flexibility and Strength

Abstract Roentgenograms were used to compare the accuracy of selected external posture measurements of the pelvis and lumbar regions on 31 college women. One external measure of lumbar convexity proved to be reliable. The effect that hip and trunk flexibility and back and abdominal muscle strength had on lumbar lordosis was not significant.
Depression associated with alcohol withdrawal. Imipramine therapy compared with placebo.

Imipramine was more effective than placebo in controlling depression in hospitalized alcoholics.
User Behavior in Asynchronous Slow Search

Conventional Web search is predicated on returning results to users as quickly as possible. However, for some search tasks, users have reported a willingness to wait for the perfect set of results. In this work, we present the first study to analyze users' willingness to wait and their search success, when given a Web search system that embodies characteristics of slow search, where speed can be traded for an improvement in quality. We conducted a between-subjects user study involving tasks that required multiple queries to complete, providing a Web search system that gave users the option to additionally issue asynchronous queries for which results improve in relevance over time as users continued working. We analyze the resulting survey results and interaction log data to investigate how users spent their time while waiting, and how behavior and search outcomes changes when users are given the option of using a system with asynchronous slow search capabilities. We find that when given a slow search system, users are able to perceive the improvement in quality over time, and find tasks to be easier compared to a baseline conventional Web search system. Additionally, we find that users continue to issue their own queries and examine additional documents while the slow search queries are processed in the background, and use the slow search feature more effectively as they gain exposure to its behavior across tasks. Our study significantly advances our understanding of the benefits and tradeoffs involved in providing slow search scenarios for Web search.
Physical Therapy and Orthotic Devices

Similarities in the clinical presentation of the various types of muscular dystrophy allow the use of common principles of clinical management and intervention to provide optimal comprehensive care with the coordinated expertise of a multidisciplinary team. Anticipatory physical therapy (PT) management is based upon an understanding of the pathokinesiology of each type of MD, an understanding of the progression of the pathokinesiology overtime, individual evaluation within the context of each individual’s life and goals, and provision of consistent, preventative management across the lifespan in order to minimize the clinical and functional impact of the diagnosis and to optimize quality of life. We are now entering an exciting new era, in which the natural histories of neuromuscular disorders are changing and improving based on improved medical care and management, and in which actual disease modifying treatments are emerging. PT management may for the first time contribute to improvement and recovery in individuals with muscle diseases, in addition to using prospective anticipatory care to manage impairments and optimize function and participation. In this new era, it will remain important to understand and continue to use optimal principles of intervention in comprehensive, anticipatory, preventative management and to optimize the benefits of disease modifying treatments as they emerge.
Investigating the extent of neuroplasticity: Writing in children with perinatal stroke

The developing brain is remarkably plastic, as evidenced by language studies of children with perinatal stroke (PS). Despite initial delays and in contrast to adults with comparable lesions, children with PS perform comparably to their age-matched peers in free conversation by school age. Recent studies of spoken language in older children with PS have indicated limits to neural plasticity. Writing, a cognitively demanding and language dependent domain, is understudied in children with PS. Investigating writing development will provide another perspective on the continuing linguistic development in this population. Written language performance in 43 children with PS and 60 of their typically-developing (TD) peers was evaluated to further investigate the breadth and limits to neural plasticity. Two tasks of varying difficulty were administered: a picture description, which provided a referent to facilitate writing for the children, and a more challenging autobiographical narrative. Texts were analyzed across three broad writing dimensions - productivity, complexity, and linguistic accuracy. Group differences were primarily found on accuracy indices. Morphological accuracy was most impacted by early brain injury and older children with PS did not have higher morphological accuracy than their younger counterparts, suggesting limited development with age. There were no differences in performance based on hemisphere of lesion. In addition to enhancing our understanding of long-term language outcomes in children with PS, the results further illuminate the extent and limitations of early neural plasticity for language.
Metastatic Tumors to the Pituitary Gland

Metastatic tumors to the pituitary gland frequently present in the sixth and seventh decades of life.
Detecting tandem repeats in DNA using Ramanujan Filter Bank

Tandem repeats are periodic segments in the DNA. They play an important role in forensics, tracing population evolution, genetic disorders and so on. Locating them in long DNA sequences is the problem addressed in this paper. A new technique is presented, based on the recently proposed Ramanujan Filter Bank (RFB). The RFB was shown to offer several advantages over the traditional period estimation techniques in DSP, such as those based on spectral estimation (STFT etc.). It involves simple integer operations, and detects several new repeats that could not be identified by popular existing techniques.1 Project Website: see [16].
Light attenuation changes with photo-acclimation in a culture of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ☆

Abstract An inherent complication in the relationship between light intensity (LI) and microalgae growth rate is that light attenuates through a culture due to its absorption by biomass. While a biomass's specific extinction coefficient (e describing how rapidly light attenuates) often is assumed to be a constant for a species for mathematical modeling, it is well documented that pigmentation and light absorption depend on growth conditions, particularly light intensity itself. In this study using Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we investigated the effect of LI on e. Using cultures fully acclimated to the LI at which they were grown, we found that biomass grown at higher LI absorbed less light than biomass grown at lower LI; thus, e was larger for lower LI. We quantify the relationship between e and the acclimated LI and suggest that e would be an appropriate metric for describing photo-acclimation.
Fast ADMM solver for reweighted total variation image deconvolution and inpainting

Reweighted sparsity approaches are known to be effective and robust for signal reconstruction, yet costly because they require solving an optimization per reweight. In this paper, we consider reweighted total variation (RWTV) as an effective regularization scheme for image deconvolution and inpainting. Motivated to solve this problem efficiently, we build on the alternating directions method of multipliers (ADMM), which is known to be a practical solver for such image inverse problems. We expand on existing ADMM frameworks for deconvolution and inpainting to develop a fast RWTV-ADMM solver framework. In particular, the iterative nature of both the ADMM algorithm and RWTV was exploited to develop an efficient method that integrates the iterations. In addition, we describe a GPU-accelerated implementation of the proposed solver and demonstrate its efficiency for a real-time application in microscopy cell de-convolution and segmentation.
Characteristics of pregnant women who reported alcohol use at admission to substance use treatment.

Abstract Objectives The current study analyzed the sociodemographic, treatment-related, and other substance use characteristics among pregnant women who reported alcohol use and were admitted to substance use treatment for the first time. Methods The Treatment Episode Data Set-Admission (TEDS-A) between 1992 and 2012 was used for conducting a cross-sectional study. Results Among pregnant women admitted to substance use treatment for the first time (N = 166,863), 43.1% reported alcohol use of whom half used alcohol as the primary drug of choice. The proportion of pregnant women reporting any alcohol use declined over the study period, while the proportions of subgroups within pregnant women reporting alcohol use remained stable within the population. Those reporting alcohol use only notably had the highest proportion of women aged 40 or older and non-Hispanic White who were more educated, employed, and married, compared to those reporting alcohol use as primary but also other substance use and those reporting other substance as primary drug of choice. Those reporting only alcohol also were more likely to be referred by the justice system to outpatient treatment. Marijuana was the most popular co-used substance among pregnant women who use alcohol as primary drug of choice in the dataset. Conclusions Differences in sociodemographic, treatment-related, and other substance use characteristics between the three subgroups may help inform public health interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of prenatal alcohol use on maternal and child health.
Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (3)

In our attitudes towards the Soviet Union and more generally towards the East, we have for some time established an ever stronger link between our security and the respect of human rights.
Master’s Degrees in Design Management: What’s in a Name?

You're a manager in a design-centric company looking to hire someone proficient in product design, development, and management. You post the job—and get resumes from new designers with master's degrees in a dozen differently named programs. Do these people all have the same skills? Don't you wish you were just hiring an MBA? Everyone knows what that means.
Novel differences in renal gene expression in a diet-induced obesity model.

Obesity is a significant risk factor for both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. To better understand disease development, we sought to identify novel genes differentially expresse...
Alternative technique for knee manipulation under anesthesia

Total knee arthroplasty is a successful surgery for the majority of patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee. Approximately 5% of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty experience loss of motion or arthrofibrosis. Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) is generally indicated for patients who do not achieve >90° of flexion by 6-12 weeks postoperatively. Complications from MUA are rare but can be devastating. We describe a novel technique for MUA with no reported major complications in our review of 78 patients. The average flexion improved from 80.0 (±3.8) before manipulation to 115.4 (±2.1) after manipulation. There were no major complications including fracture or extensor mechanism injury.
Time–temperature–age superposition principle for predicting long-term response of linear viscoelastic materials

Abstract: Viscoelastic responses such as creep and relaxation are strongly affected by temperature and age for all materials in the range of time when they exhibit viscoelastic effects. Effective time–temperature superposition (ETTSP) is introduced in this chapter to predict long-term viscoelastic behavior from short-term experimental data. Since the material responds to both temperature and age in the time span of interest, both phenomena are studied, isolated, and described. First, the traditional time–temperature superposition (TTSP) is described and the need to use momentary curves to construct the momentary master curve is addressed. Next, the time–age superposition is described and modeled. Then, the concept of effective time brings everything together into a useful predicting tool. Finally, the methodology is applied to the problem of temperature compensation during long-term testing.
Carbohydrates and Cytoskeletal Components

The previous chapter dealt with membrane components that frequently, but not always, have an amphipathic structure. For example, phospholipids, integral membrane proteins, and ionophores possess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. This chapter examines hydrophilic building blocks of biological membranes. These structures are generally localized to the aqueous environment at either side of a membrane.
Chapter Ten Production of cellulases in plants for biomass conversion

Publisher Summary Plant biomass, the most abundant renewable resource on earth, is a potential source of fermentable sugars for the production of clean-burning, alternative transportation fuels such as ethanol. Bioconversion of plant biomass to fermentable glucose involves the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, a major polysaccharide constituent of the plant cell wall. Enzymes from thermophilic organisms are particularly suited for this application because they are thermostable, resistant to protease, and tolerant toward other stresses. Commercially available microbial cellulases are prohibitively expensive for bioethanol processes. Manufacturing heterologous cellulases in crop-plant bioreactors could significantly reduce costs associated with enzyme production and could offer a potentially high-volume alternative to traditional methods. Because transgenic plants that produce large amounts of bacterial glucanases (up to 26% of total soluble leaf protein) exhibit normal growth and development, this approach offers much promise.
Effects of rows arrangement, soil management, and rainfall characteristics on water and soil losses in Italian sloping vineyards

Abstract Erosional processes are highly affected by seasonal climatic fluctuations and soil management practices. Controlled grass cover is one of the most used soil conservation practices adopted in temperate climates, even if the protective effect of grass cover may decrease according to seasonal pattern. This technique is effective and, thus, widely adopted in the inter-rows of orchards such as olives, citrus or vineyards. This study reports the erosive events recorded in two different rain-fed hillslope vineyards with different rows orientation located in the Monferrato region, NW Italy. The study is addressed at compare the effects of different inter-row managements and rainfall characteristics on runoff and soil loss in hillslope vineyards (average slope from 15% to 35%). Rainfall, runoff and erosion variables were monitored in hydraulically bounded vineyard plots, where the inter-rows were managed with tillage and grass cover. Seventy-two erosive events were recorded in the period 1992–1996 in two vineyard plots with rows along the contour lines while 86 erosive events were recorded in two plots with rows up-and-down the slope from 2000 to 2014 (158 erosive events and four plots in total). Events were classified according to rainfall characteristics as “long-lasting”, “intense” and “normal”. In plots with rows along the contour lines, “intense” events were responsible for the highest mean soil loss in tilled plots (0.7 Mg ha−1) with very high erosion rates (12.3 Mg ha−1) observed during a single storm. In plots with rows up-and-down the slope the highest erosion rates, 21.2 and 3.4 Mg ha−1, were recorded during fall “long-lasting” events in the tilled and grass cover plots respectively. The grass cover proved to be effective in decreasing runoff and soil losses during most of the events (at least 68% and 61% of the occurrences, respectively) reducing soil losses especially during summer storms when most of the “intense” events occured. Furthermore, the results show the fundamental role of contour-slope row orientation in reducing runoff and soil losses, disregarding the inter-rows soil management that is adopted.
BigMaC: Reactive Network-Wide Policy Caching for SDN Policy Enforcement

Enforcing network policies is critical for service deployments over software-defined networks (SDN). Most existing studies suggest proactively compiling policies into flow entries in the data plane and updating the installed entries when necessary. With a growing amount of applications, taking a proactive approach may overflow underlying switch memory. Meanwhile, certain policies can be frequently updated. Such updates may propagate across configurations in the network, leading to a long time for correctness validation. To improve both the scalability and the flexibility of SDN policy enforcement, we advocate reactively deploying network policies in the data plane. To this end, we propose a network-wide policy enforcement framework named BigMaC. BigMaC advertises a neat policy model for network managers to specify various network policies as rules. It then caches the rules as flow entries in the switches reactively on demand. One major challenge for the BigMaC design is to guarantee the consistency of defined policies and cached entries in the network. To maintain consistency with efficient table usage and simple updates, we group rules into buckets and perform rule caching in the unit of buckets. With trace-driven simulations, we verify that BigMaC can significantly save table space and reduce update complexity compared to prior proposals.