cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remifentanil: applications in neonates

Remifentanil is a synthetic opioid derivative that was introduced into clinical practice in the United States in 1996. The unique modification of its chemical structure to include a methyl-ester ring allows its hydrolysis by non-specific plasma and tissue esterases. This molecular configuration results in its rapid metabolism thereby providing a rapid onset, easy titration by continuous infusion, and a short context-sensitive half-life with rapid elimination. These principles are stable and consistent across all age groups regardless of the infusion characteristics. Owing to these pharmacokinetic characteristics, it is an effective agent in the neonatal population allowing the provision of intense analgesia and anesthesia with a rapid recovery profile in various clinical scenarios. Here, we review the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in neonates, discuss its clinical applications including intraoperative administration for anesthetic care, unique applications for procedural sedation including endotracheal intubation, and its potential use for sedation in the Intensive Care Unit setting during mechanical ventilation.
Emeneau’s Kota Texts

In this first major publication to result from his years in India, Emeneau shows how valuable it is for linguists to obtain the thorough and unhurried acquaintance with a language community which these years in India gave him. Emeneau publishes here eleven myths and tales in phonemic tran-scription, with translation and brief notes (38–191). This is preceded by a sketch of Kota grammar (15–29) and a short text with detailed linguistic analysis (30–5).
A Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) gD Mutant Impaired for Neural Tropism Is Superior to an HSV-2 gD Subunit Vaccine To Protect Animals from Challenge with HSV-2.

ABSTRACT A recent phase 3 trial with soluble herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2t) in adjuvant failed to show protection against genital herpes. We postulated that live attenuated HSV-2 would provide more HSV antigens for induction of virus-specific antibodies and cellular immunity than would gD2t. We previously reported an HSV-2 mutant, HSV2-gD27, in which the nectin-1 binding domain of gD2 is altered so that the virus is impaired for infecting neural cells, but not epithelial cells, in vitro and is impaired for infecting dorsal root ganglia in mice (K. Wang, J. D. Kappel, C. Canders, W. F. Davila, D. Sayre, M. Chavez, L. Pesnicak, and J. I. Cohen, J Virol 86:12891–12902, 2012, doi:10.1128/JVI.01055-12). Here we report that the mutations in HSV2-gD27 were stable when the virus was passaged in cell culture and during acute infection of mice. HSV2-gD27 was attenuated in mice when it was inoculated onto the cornea, intramuscularly (i.m.), intravaginally, and intracranially. Vaccination of mice i.m. with HSV2-gD27 provided better inhibition of challenge virus replication in the vagina than when the virus was used to vaccinate mice intranasally or subcutaneously. Comparison of i.m. vaccinations with HSV2-gD27 versus gD2t in adjuvant showed that HSV2-gD27 induced larger reductions of challenge virus replication in the vagina and reduced latent viral loads in dorsal root ganglia but induced lower serum neutralizing antibody titers than those obtained with gD2t in adjuvant. Taken together, our data indicate that a live attenuated HSV-2 vaccine impaired for infection of neurons provides better protection from vaginal challenge with HSV-2 than that obtained with a subunit vaccine, despite inducing lower titers of HSV-2 neutralizing antibodies in the serum. IMPORTANCE Genital herpes simplex is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases. Though HSV-2 disease is usually mild, it can be life threatening in neonates and immunocompromised persons. In addition, genital herpes increases the frequency of HIV infection and transmission. HSV-2 maintains a latent infection in sensory neurons and cannot be cleared with antiviral drugs. The virus frequently reactivates, resulting in virus shedding in the genital area, which serves as a source for transmission. A prophylactic vaccine is needed to prevent disease and to control the spread of the virus. Previous human trials of subunit vaccines have been unsuccessful. Here we report the results of vaccinating mice with a new type of live attenuated HSV-2 vaccine that is impaired for infection of neurons and provides better protection of mice than that obtained with a subunit vaccine. The strategy of altering the cell tropism of a virus is a new approach for a live attenuated vaccine.
A Determination of the Symmetry of EL2 Using Ballistic Phonon Transmission

We have measured the time resolved transmission of short pulses of ballistic phonons in a GaAs crystal known to contain the intrinsic defect EL2. These measurements were performed for phonons propagating along several high symmetry directions at 2K. Measurements were made both before and after the crystal was irradiated with 1.06 μm light to convert EL2 from its ground state to its metastable state. The changes in phonon transmission measured for the different phonon polarizations and propagation directions lead us to associate a trigonal symmetry with the defect whose phonon scattering has changed. The identification of this defect as EL2 is discussed below.
Abstract SY02-03: Bromodomain inhibition in cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Cellular states are maintained by coordinated gene expression programs, attributable to master regulatory transcription factors. Toward the pharmacologic control of cellular states we have undertaken a chemical biological approach to inhibit chromatin-dependent transcriptional signaling. Transcriptional activation by master regulatory proteins is facilitated by chromatin remodeling at promoter/enhancer regions, in particular side-chain acetylation of lysine residues on nearby histone tails. Context-specific lysine acetylation prompts molecular recognition by transcriptional co-activator proteins possessing acetyl-lysine recognition modules, or bromodomains. Perhaps owing to perceptions regarding the feasibility of abrogating protein-protein interactions, research toward the direct inhibition of human bromodomains (or epigenetic reader proteins, in general) has received comparatively little attention. Based on the above rationale, we have developed chemical and biochemical platforms for the development and characterization of novel bromodomain inhibitors. Recently, we reported the first potent, small-molecule inhibitor of human bromodomains, JQ1, which exhibits selectivity for the BET family of bromodomain-containing transcriptional co-activators. Of broad relevance to cancer, we will present research demonstrating that c-Myc expression is critically dependent on BRD4 function and localization to discrete upstream regulatory regions. Exposure of cancer cells to JQ1 prompts immediate down-regulation of c-Myc expression leading to suppression of a transcriptional program associated with proliferation, survival and metabolic adaptation. In translational models of Myc-dependent hematologic malignancies, the efficacy of JQ1 treatment establishes a mechanistic rationale for the leveraged clinical development of drug-like JQ1 derivatives. Toward this objective, we have completed chemical optimization of novel, drug-like inhibitors of BET bromodomains as reagents capable of supporting human clinical investigation. This research has established the feasibility of inhibiting epigenetic reader proteins with efficient, cell-permeable, small molecules. In support of an open-innovation model of chemical biology, we have created a chemical probe allowing the broad study of chromatin biology, which has already been provided to more than 150 academic, governmental and industrial laboratories worldwide. Together, we have rapidly identified mechanism-based opportunities for clinical translation in cancer, inflammation and metabolic diseases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY02-03. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY02-03
Imaging Diagnosis of Adrenal Hemorrhage in Neonate

Objective: To study the imaging features of adrenal hemorrhage in neonate. Materials and Methods: Seven newborns with adrenal hemorrhage, 4 hours 14 days after birth, 5 males and 2 females, were collected in this paper. Bmode ultrasound was performed in all 7 patients. Four cases were followed up in one week. CT scan was performed in 3 cases, one case was followed up after eight days. Results: (1) Bmode ultrasound: 5 cases showed a low echoic or echoless mass, 2 cases showed a heterogeneous acoustic mass. (2) CT: Right adrenal hemorrhage was found in 3 cases, appearing as a round or oval lowdensity saccular mass on plain CT scan and no enhancement on enhanced CT scan. (3) The appearance, size and density (echo) of the hemorrhage were changed on followedup examinations. Conclusion: Making the diagnosis of the neonatal adrenal hemorrhage should be based on the imaging findings.
Relation of Behavioral and Psychological Involvement to a New Four-Factor Conceptualization of Work-Family Interference

The relation of role involvement to work-family interference has had inconsistent results in past research. By paying closer conceptual attention to the measurement of role involvement and work-family interference, this study addresses past inconsistent findings. First, a new four-factor measure of work-family interference is proposed that incorporates the dimension of externally generated versus internally generated conflict, which has been ignored in previous research. Second, role involvement is considered from both a behavioral and a psychological perspective. Data were obtained from a sample of 534 employed adults with families. The results suggest that a mapping of behavioral and psychological involvement to specific dimensions of external and internal work- family interference appears to be important when examining the general relation of role involvement to work-family interference.
Immunizations for adults and children.

Indications for active or passive immunization in adults and children and the benefits and risks of various vaccines are analyzed. A number of prophylactic vaccinations are especially recommended for travelers to endemic areas.
New horizons and the Pluto flyby: A flight control team's story

The New Horizons (NH) mission, part of NASA's New Frontiers Program, completed the first reconnaissance flyby of the Pluto system on July 14, 2015. NH successfully passed through the Pluto/Charon system taking hundreds of observations of never before seen worlds. To make this flyby successful, the Mission Operations Team carried numerous responsibilities. One part of the Mission Ops Team is the Flight Control Team, which handles real-time communications with the spacecraft. This paper will discuss the main Flight Controller tasks that were needed for success and how each was unique to the New Horizons mission. These include how the large Round Trip Light Time (RTLT), just under 9 hours at the time of the Pluto encounter, affected real-time operations. Other aspects affecting flight control included the separation of uplink and downlink tracks as the spacecraft began to perform more operations, spacecraft ranging, 2-Way to 3-Way mode transitions with the Deep Space Network (DSN), Critical Optical Navigation processing that team members needed to perform in a specific time window, and Solid State Recording (SSR) downlink maintenance. Also, many different unique DSN configurations needed to be tested and executed, including 2 TWTA dual-polarization downlink tracks, multiple antenna arraying tracks, and Radio science EXperiment (REX) uplinks. In the months leading up to closest approach, the number of shifts for the Flight Controllers (FCs) increased once the spacecraft left hibernation but shift times remained erratic per the DSN scheduling constraints with other missions. The team needed to make sure that people were given enough time to be rested and also that the correct information was being passed on to the next shift without a real-time handover. For the 9-day encounter sequence, we had near 24-hour antenna coverage. Outside of these 9 days, each shift consisted of a two-person crew. During the encounter period we used 3 people per shift on a staggered rotation for smoother shift handovers and well rested controllers. The FC team also added two full-time interns that were trained before the encounter to help the team with schedule relief. The FCs used many tools to keep track of pertinent information, including an electronic console log, a command tracker spreadsheet for command verification after the 9 hour wait, and a status board for quick-glance information about the most recent contact with the spacecraft. The flyby was a success and the healthy spacecraft is now continuing through the Kuiper Belt. Amazing pictures are coming down now and will for many months to come, giving the scientists many years' worth of data for analysis.
Critical Thinking About Elections Maps and Data

Today's world of interactive web maps and big data have brought instant access to an expanding array of spatially enabled data, including election maps. For geography educators, it is an exciting t...
Variants of Mycosis Fungoides

Clinical and histologic variants of mycosis fungoides (MF) have been reported. Sezary syndrome (SS) is considered to be the leukemic variant of MF and is defined as the triad of erythroderma, generalized lymphadenopathy, and the presence of neoplastic Sezary cells in the blood. In addition to SS, distinct variants of MF include follicular MF, pagetoid reticulosis, and granulomatous slack skin, which each individually have distinctive clinical and histological features and are classified as separate entities.
Examining the Teacher Pipeline: Will They Stay or Will They Go?

This study examines survey data from teacher education students in their final two years of preparation at a Midwestern university. We asked students to explain if they intend to stay in our state or move to other states to pursue teaching careers after graduation. We compiled all 137 responses using descriptive statistics and found that 59% of respondents intend to leave our state after graduating. Of the remaining respondents, 21% intend to stay in our state and 20% are unsure of their plans. We used qualitative methods to code students’ responses, giving reasons for their intentions. While students mentioned financial reasons (low salary and debt) most often, students also valued a sense of place (home, family). Comparisons to populations studied in Carr and Kefalas (2009) and Petrin, Schafft, & Meece (2014) are made with implications for all concerned about the national teacher shortage and outmigration of graduates in rural states.
Acute Hormonal Regulation of Gluconeogenesis in the Conscious Dog

The glucose level in blood is precisely controlled by the coordinated regulation of both glucose production and utilization. The former involves two processes, glycogenolysis, the break down of stored glycogen, and gluconeogenesis, the conversion of gluconeogenic substrates into glucose. Gluconeogenesis is carried out both by the liver and the kidneys, with the former being dominant and usually accounting for the majority of gluconeogenic glucose production.
Abstract 5464: Catalase mediates the survival of anchorage-independent ovarian cancer cells

Among United States women, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death and the deadliest of the female reproductive system cancers. This is due to a lack of early detection, in effect, leading to primary diagnosis in later, metastasized stages for which there are few effective treatment options. In order to metastasize, ovarian cancer cells must be able to survive detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM). When a non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell detaches from the ECM, research has shown that levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) rise in the cell and inhibit cell metabolism resulting in decreased cell survival. Previous research has also shown that ECM-detached breast cancer cells are able to utilize antioxidant enzymes to neutralize ROS thereby rescuing ATP levels and promoting cell survival. This antioxidant activity has also been shown to bolster cancer cells’ survival in anchorage independence. Although studied in breast cancer cells, no work has been done in ovarian cancer, which exhibits a very unique mode of metastasis through the peritoneal fluid. To begin to understand the role of antioxidant enzymes in metastatic ovarian cancer cells, we have worked to characterize the role of catalase, a prominent antioxidant enzyme, in the survival of ECM-detached SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. In order to do so, we utilized short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to engineer SKOV3 cells deficient in catalase. The catalase-deficient cells were then tested for colony formation in detachment and cell viability and proliferation in both attachment and detachment. The results show that elimination of catalase expression does not have a significant effect on proliferation in attachment or detachment, but significantly decreases both cell viability and colony formation of SKOV3 cells grown in ECM-detachment. This suggests that elimination of catalase expression may hold promise for targeted treatment in late stage ovarian cancer, calling for further investigation of the mechanisms behind these results and the role that other antioxidant enzymes play in ovarian cancer. Future studies include looking at this phenomenon in other ovarian cancer cell lines, and using mouse xenograft studies to examine the effects of antioxidant compounds on survival of metastatic ovarian cancer cells. Citation Format: Cassandra L. Libbing, Calli A. Versagli. Catalase mediates the survival of anchorage-independent ovarian cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5464. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5464
The value of delayed phase enhanced imaging in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Background: Cross-sectional imaging of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) can underestimate the presence of local tumor invasion. Since accurate staging is vital optimal choice of therapy, techniques that optimize pleural imaging are needed. Here we estimate the optimal timing of MPM enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: All MPM patients with intravenous (IV) contrast enhanced staging MRI between 2000–2016 at our institution were retrospectively selected for image analysis. Patients with incomplete imaging protocol and maximum pleural tumor thickness Results: Of the 42 MPM patients who had undergone staging MRI during the study period, 12 patients met the study criteria. Peak tumor enhancement was between 150 and 300 sec following IV contrast administration. Within this time window, 80% of patients are projected to have reached >80%, >85%, and >90% peak tumor enhancement. There was a statistically significant correlation between increasing tumor enhancement and subjective lesion conspicuity. Conclusions: Optimal MPM enhancement on MRI likely occurs at a time delay between 2.5–5 min following IV contrast administration. Further study of delayed phase enhancement of MPM with dynamic contrast enhanced MRI is warranted.
Being open to the world

As the Czech phenomenologist Jan Patocka poetically phrased it, human beings are “beings of the far reaches.” Our human condition is, in other words, conditioned by the existential fact that we are...
Selection of Rapid Manufacturing Technologies Under Epistemic Uncertainty

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is the process of building three-dimensional objects, in layers, using additive manufacturing. Rapid Manufacturing (RM) is the use of RP technologies to manufacture end-use, or finished, products. At small lot sizes, such as with customized products, traditional manufacturing technologies become infeasible due to the high costs of tooling and setup. RM offers the opportunity to produce these customized products economically. Coupled with the customization opportunities afforded by RM is a certain degree of uncertainty. This uncertainty is mainly attributed to the lack of information known about what the customer’s specific requirements and preferences are at the time of production. In this paper, we present an overall method for selection of a RM technology under the geometric uncertainty inherent to mass customization. Specifically, we define the types of uncertainty inherent to RM (epistemic), propose a method to account for this uncertainty in a selection process (interval analysis), and propose a method to select a technology under uncertainty (Hurwicz selection criterion). We illustrate our method with examples on the selection of an RM technology to produce custom caster wheels and custom hearing aid shells.
Higher-level systematic analysis of birds: current problems and possible solutions.

Avian systematics has a rich history, as evolutionary biologists have long been interested in this conspicuous and diverse group of vertebrates. Many prominent scientists, and evolutionary biologists in particular, have focused their efforts on birds. Perhaps no other group of vertebrates is so well studied. Yet, despite the attention paid to this group, much about the history of the class Aves remains controversial, both with respect to the origin of birds and the history since that origin. This puts avian systematists in a unique position, with so much information available and so many unanswered questions to pursue.
Computer Architecture for Interactive Display of Segmented Imagery

This work addresses aspects of several topics related to the general problems of hardware architecture for high performance interactive display systems for computer processed imagery. The general characteristics important for such systems are outlined with emphasis on multiple format object oriented structures. A special purpose multiprocessor architecture is then described which facilitates the real-time display and interactive manipulation of shaded three dimensional objects or object surfaces on a conventional raster scan CRT. Finally, a summary of some possible alternative technologies for system implementation is presented including a concept proposal for a true three dimensional display system based on hybrid techniques. General comments follow encouraging the active investigation and development of emerging non-traditional technologies for use in architectures for spatially distributed data.
Statistical Memristor Model and Its Applications in Neuromorphic Computing

More than forty years ago, Professor Chua predicted the existence of the memristor to complete the set of passive devices that previously includes only resistor, capacitor, and inductor. However, till 2008 the first physical realization of memristors was demonstrated by HP Lab. The unique properties of memristor create great opportunities in future system design. For instance, the memristor has demonstrated the similar function as synapse, which makes it promising in neuromorphic circuits design. However, as a nano-scale device, the process variation control in the manufacturing of memristors is very difficult. The impact of the process variations on a neural network system that relies on the continuous (analog) states of the memristor could be significant due to the deviation of the memristor state from the designed value. So a complete process variation analysis on memristor is necessary for the application in neural network. Due to the different physical mechanisms, TiO2-based memristor and spintronic memristor demonstrate very different electrical characteristics even when exposing the two types of devices to the same excitations and under the same process variation conditions. In this work, the impact of different geometry variations on the electrical properties of these two different types of memristors was evaluated by conducting the analytic modeling analysis and Monte-Carlo simulations. A simple algorithm, which is based on the latest characterization method of LER (line edge roughness) and thickness fluctuation problems, was proposed to generate a large volume of geometry variation-aware three-dimensional device structures for Monte-Carlo simulations. We investigate the different responses of the static and memristive parameters of the two devices and analyze its implication to the electrical properties of the memristors. Furthermore, a process-variation aware device model can be built based on our work. Both corner model and statistical model can be provided depending on users’ requirements. Our device models make it possible for scientists and engineers to design neuromorphic circuits with memristive devices, and therefore, to convert virtual neural network in super computer to the real hardware memristive system in the future. Rather than the existing crossbar-based neuron network designs, we focus on memristor-based synapse and the corresponding training circuit to mimic the real biological system. The basic synapse design is presented, and the training sharing scheme and explore design implication on multi-synapse neuron system have been explored.
A Passive Multi-Channel Brain Implant for Wireless Neuropotential Monitoring

A passive, wireless and batteryless multi-channel (8 channels) brain implant is proposed with the following unique features: a) 28 times better sensitivity, b) 2 times smaller footprint, and c) scalability to 100s or even 1000s of channels. To verify the operation within biological tissues, in-vitro measurements are presented using fresh pig skin. Experimental results show that the proposed neuro-sensing system exhibits 20 μ V pp sensivity at all channels. That is, it can record any signal generated by the human brain. Overall, this technology brings forward transformational opportunities for patients with epilepsy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Electrotherapy-An Old Technique for a New Use

Electricity has been integrated into medical practice primary for pain relief since it was first discovered in western medical community. Later, electrical stimulation has been utilized as one of acupuncture treatment interventions. Multiple theories have been proposed as the underlying mechanism of electroanalgesia including the release of neurotransmitters. As electroacupuncture stimulations can be easily replicated in clinical setting, it has found not only providing the analgesic effects but also effective in treating clinical pathological conditions. Recently, electroacupuncture stimulations have been found to provide organ protections from perioperative period to ischemic-reperfusion other major organs protections. Electrotherapy has evolved throughout the history and more beneficial effects been explored.
Differing Resuscitation With Aortic Occlusion in a Swine Junctional Hemorrhage Polytrauma Model.

Abstract Background Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) and Abdominal Aortic and Junctional Tourniquet (AAJT) have received much attention in recent as methods for temporary control of junctional hemorrhage. Previous studies typically used the animal's shed blood for resuscitation. With current interest in moving REBOA to prehospital environment, this study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic and metabolic responses to different resuscitation fluids used with these devices. Methods In swine (Sus scrofa), shock was induced using a controlled hemorrhage, femur fracture, and uncontrolled hemorrhage from the femoral artery. Infrarenal REBOA or AAJT was deployed for 60 min during which the arterial injury was repaired. Animals were resuscitated with 15 mL/kg of shed whole blood (SWB) or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or 30 mL/kg of a balanced crystalloid (PlasmaLyte). Results Animals in the AAJT and REBOA groups did not show any measurable differences in hemodynamics, metabolic responses, or survival with AAJT or REBOA treatment; hence, the data are pooled and analyzed among the three resuscitative fluids. SWB, FFP, and PlasmaLyte groups did not have a difference in survival time or overall survival. The animals in the SWB and FFP groups maintained higher blood pressure after resuscitation, (P Conclusions After 60 min, infrarenal REBOA or AAJT aortic occlusion SWB and FFP resuscitation provided better blood pressure support with half of the resuscitative volume of PlasmaLyte. Swine resuscitated with SWB and FFP also had a more favorable coagulation profile. These data suggest that whole blood or component therapy should be used for resuscitation in conjunction with REBOA or AAJT, and administration of these fluids should be considered if prehospital device use is pursued.
Improving well-being after traumatic brain injury through volunteering: a randomized controlled trial.

To evaluate the efficacy of a novel intervention facilitating volunteer activity to improve well-being in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Randomized two-arm controlled trial, with a ...
Visual classification of running economy by distance running coaches

Objectives: This study assessed the ability of coaches to rank-order distance runners on running economy (RE) through visual assessment. Methods: Running economy was measured in five trained recrea...
p53 directly represses human LINE1 transposons

p53 is a potent tumor suppressor and commonly mutated in human cancers. Recently, we demonstrated that p53 genes act to restrict retrotransposons in germline tissues of flies and fish but whether this activity is conserved in somatic human cells is not known. Here we show that p53 constitutively restrains human LINE1s by cooperatively engaging sites in the 5'UTR and stimulating local deposition of repressive histone marks at these transposons. Consistent with this, the elimination of p53 or the removal of corresponding binding sites in LINE1s, prompted these retroelements to become hyperactive. Concurrently, p53 loss instigated chromosomal rearrangements linked to LINE sequences and also provoked inflammatory programs that were dependent on reverse transcriptase produced from LINE1s. Taken together, our observations establish that p53 continuously operates at the LINE1 promoter to restrict autonomous copies of these mobile elements in human cells. Our results further suggest that constitutive restriction of these retroelements may help to explain tumor suppression encoded by p53, since erupting LINE1s produced acute oncogenic threats when p53 was absent.
Embedded atom method potential for hydrogen on palladium surfaces

The development of transferable interatomic potentials for the diffusion of hydrogen on palladium surfaces can be of significant value for performing molecular simulations. These molecular simulations can, in turn, lead to a better understanding of palladium-hydrogen interactions at the atomic scale. Here, we have built upon previous work to develop an analytical palladium-hydrogen-embedded atom method (EAM) potential to better describe the potential energy surface for hydrogen on palladium surfaces. This EAM potential reproduces minima and transition states calculated with density functional theory for hydrogen on Pd(111) and Pd(110) surfaces. Additionally, this potential was tested by simulating the long timescale dynamics of hydrogen adsorbed on Pd(111). Our simulations show a barrier of ca. 0.49 eV for hydrogen diffusion into the bulk of Pd(111), which is consistent with experimental results.
Fast interpolation-based t-SNE for improved visualization of single-cell RNA-seq data

t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is widely used for visualizing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, but it scales poorly to large datasets. We dramatically accelerate t-SNE, obviating the need for data downsampling, and hence allowing visualization of rare cell populations. Furthermore, we implement a heatmap-style visualization for scRNA-seq based on one-dimensional t-SNE for simultaneously visualizing the expression patterns of thousands of genes. Software is available at https://github.com/KlugerLab/FIt-SNE and https://github.com/KlugerLab/t-SNE-Heatmaps .
Competition and Entry in Agricultural Markets: Experimental Evidence from Kenya

African agricultural markets are characterized by low farmer revenues and high consumer food prices. Many have worried that this wedge is partially driven by imperfect competition among intermediaries. This paper provides experimental evidence from Kenya on intermediary market structure. Randomized cost shocks and demand subsidies are used to identify a structural model of market competition. Estimates reveal that traders act consistently with joint profit maximization and earn median markups of 39 percent. Exogenously induced firm entry has negligible effects on prices, and low take-up of subsidized entry offers implies large fixed costs. We estimate that traders capture 82 percent of total surplus.
Using a public health registry to conduct medical surveillance: the case of toxic embedded fragments in U.S. military veterans

Aim: Beyond inflicting acute traumatic injury, contact with improvised explosive devices, the leading cause of injury for soldiers serving in Iraq and Afghanistan, may result in wound contamination with embedded fragments permitting chronic exposure to toxic materials. Because health effects associated with embedded fragments are not well-delineated, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is establishing an exposure registry and surveillance center to identify, track and monitor the health of veterans who have embedded fragments. Methods: U.S. Veterans wounded with embedded fragments are identified when making contact for healthcare using a screening process incorporated into the Veterans Administration’s national electronic medical record system. A data review results in recommended follow-up which may include fragment analysis, urine biological monitoring, and/or clinical consultation. The registry will link to the individual’s electronic medical record and other data sources to capture injury and exposure data, urine biological monitoring data, health outcomes, and fragment content results, when available. Results: Preliminary data suggest that approximately 3% of veterans have embedded fragments and are eligible for inclusion in the registry. Most fragments are metallic; therefore, a suite of 13 metals frequently found in fragments will be included in the biological monitoring protocol. Conclusions: Using a public health exposure registry, the surveillance center team will employ population level surveillance to better characterize exposure and identify potential health outcomes associated with retained fragments. The registry also provides an avenue for ongoing contact with exposed veterans as knowledge evolves affecting medical and surgical management guidelines for veterans with embedded fragments.
Liquidity Constraints and Healthcare Expenditure

Increasing healthcare costs are a big concern for the well-being of liquidity-constrained households. This paper evaluates the effect of binding liquidity constraints on healthcare spending decisions. Further, the paper compares the effect of liquidity constraints on healthcare expenditure with the effect on the non-health consumption in particular on the food consumption. I extend a standard incomplete markets model with a health capital in the felicity function. Theoretically, I show that households reduce their healthcare expenditure due to the binding liquidity constraints in the current period, whereas expenditure declines in the next period due to the expected binding constraints one period ahead. I use the extended model to test the incidence of binding liquidity constraints with a linearized Euler equation. Empirically, I show that the test of liquidity constraints for healthcare expenditure reveals different implications than a standard test of liquidity constraints for nondurable consumption. In particular, current binding constraints and expected binding constraints lead to the opposite direction of bias when the liquidity constraints are omitted. The resulting overall bias depends on which constraint has a stronger effect. Moreover, the income elasticity of healthcare expenditure varies significantly between asset poor and rich families, more than the elasticity of non-health consumption among wealth quintiles. Altogether, my findings show that the effects of liquidity constraints are heterogeneous across households and across expenditure categories.
Auditing Fairness and Imputation Impact in Predictive Analytics for Higher Education.

Nowadays, colleges and universities use predictive analytics in a variety of ways to increase student success rates. Despite the potentials for predictive analytics, there exist two major barriers to their adoption in higher education: (a) the lack of democratization in deployment, and (b) the potential to exacerbate inequalities. Education researchers and policymakers encounter numerous challenges in deploying predictive modeling in practice. These challenges present in different steps of modeling including data preparation, model development, and evaluation. Nevertheless, each of these steps can introduce additional bias to the system if not appropriately performed. Most large-scale and nationally representative education data sets suffer from a significant number of incomplete responses from the research participants. Missing Values are the frequent latent causes behind many data analysis challenges. While many education-related studies addressed the challenges of missing data, little is known about the impact of handling missing values on the fairness of predictive outcomes in practice. In this paper, we set out to first assess the disparities in predictive modeling outcome for college-student success, then investigate the impact of imputation techniques on the model performance and fairness using a comprehensive set of common metrics. The comprehensive analysis of a real large-scale education dataset reveals key insights on the modeling disparity and how different imputation techniques fundamentally compare to one another in terms of their impact on the fairness of the student-success predictive outcome.
Can we get human nature right

Few questions in science are as controversial as human nature. At stake is whether our basic concepts and emotions are all learned from experience, or whether some are innate. Here, I demonstrate that reasoning about innateness is biased by the basic workings of the human mind. Psychological science suggests that newborns possess core concepts of "object" and "number." Laypeople, however, believe that newborns are devoid of such notions but that they can recognize emotions. Moreover, people presume that concepts are learned, whereas emotions (along with sensations and actions) are innate. I trace these beliefs to two tacit psychological principles: intuitive dualism and essentialism. Essentialism guides tacit reasoning about biological inheritance and suggests that innate traits reside in the body; per intuitive dualism, however, the mind seems ethereal, distinct from the body. It thus follows that, in our intuitive psychology, concepts (which people falsely consider as disembodied) must be learned, whereas emotions, sensations, and emotions (which are considered embodied) are likely innate; these predictions are in line with the experimental results. These conclusions do not speak to the question of whether concepts and emotions are innate, but they suggest caution in its scientific evaluation.
Identifying predictors of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy using shotgun proteomics technology.

9607 Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of taxanes. Advances in proteomic technologies incorporating mass spectrometry (MS) for biomarker discover...
Tactile representation in somatosensory thalamus (VPL) and cortex (S1) of awake primate and the plasticity induced by VPL neuroprosthetic stimulation

Abstract To further understand how tactile information is carried in somatosensory cortex (S1) and the thalamus (VPL), and how neuronal plasticity after neuroprosthetic stimulation affects sensory encoding, we chronically implanted microelectrode arrays across hand areas in both S1 and VPL, where neuronal activities were simultaneously recorded during tactile stimulation on the finger pad of awake monkeys. Tactile information encoded in the firing rate of individual units (rate coding) or in the synchrony of unit pairs (synchrony coding) was quantitatively assessed within the information theoretic-framework. We found that tactile information encoded in VPL was higher than that encoded in S1 for both rate coding and synchrony coding; rate coding carried greater information than synchrony coding for the same recording area. With the aim for neuroprosthetic stimulation, plasticity of the circuit was tested after 30 min of VPL electrical stimulation, where stimuli were delivered either randomly or contingent on the spiking of an S1 unit. We showed that neural encoding in VPL was more stable than in S1, which depends not only on the thalamic input but also on recurrent feedback. The percent change of mutual-information after stimulation was increased with closed-loop stimulation, but decreased with random stimulation. The underlying mechanisms during closed-loop stimulation might be spike-timing-dependent plasticity, while frequency-dependent synaptic plasticity might play a role in random stimulation. Our results suggest that VPL could be a promising target region for somatosensory stimulation with closed-loop brain-machine-interface applications.
The Role of DNA Methylation in the Central Nervous System and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism in which the methyl group is covalently coupled to the C5 position of the cytosine residue of CpG dinucleotides. DNA methylation generally leads to gene silencing and is catalyzed by a group of enzymes known as DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt). During development, the epigenome undergoes waves of demethylation and methylation changes. As a result, there are cell type/tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns. Since DNA methylation changes only happen during DNA replication to maintain methylation patterns on hemimethylated DNA or establish new methylation, Dnmt expression generally decreases greatly after cell division. However, significant levels of Dnmts were noticed specifically in postmitotic neurons, suggesting a functional importance of Dnmt in the nervous system. Accumulating evidence showed that DNA methylation correlates with certain neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Rett syndrome, and ICF syndrome. Studies of methyl-CpG-binding proteins, Dnmt inhibitors, and Dnmt knockout mice also explored the key role of DNA methylation in neural development, plasticity, learning, and memory. Though an enzyme exhibiting DNA demethylation capability in vertebrates still remains to be identified, DNA methylation status in the CNS appeared to be reversible at certain genomic loci. This supports a maintenance role of Dnmt to prevent active demethylation in postmitotic neurons. Taken together, DNA methylation provides an epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation in neural development, function, and disorders.
Modeling of Heat/Mass Transport and Electrochemistry of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

A three-dimensional thenno-fluid-electrochemical model is developed to simulate the heat/mass transport process in a solid oxide fuel cell. A network circuit is applied to simulate the electrical potential, ohmic losses and activation polarization. Governing equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation are simultaneously solved. A parametric study;examines the effects of channel dimensions, rib width and electrolyte thickness on the temperature, species concentration, local current density and power density. Results demonstrate that decreasing the height of flow channels can lower the average solid temperature and improve cell efficiency. However, this improvement is limited for the smallest channel. The cell with a thicker rib width and a thinner electrolyte layer has higher efficiency and lower average temperature. Numerical simulation will be expected to help optimize the design of a solid oxide fuel cell.
Decentralized replica exchange parallel tempering: an efficient implementation of parallel tempering using MPI and SPRNG

Parallel Tempering (PT), also known as Replica Exchange, is a powerful Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling approach which aims at reducing the relaxation time in simulations of physical systems. In this paper, we present a novel implementation of PT, so-called decentralized replica exchange PT, using MPI and the Scalable Parallel Random Number Generators (SPRNG) libraries. By adjusting the replica exchange operations in the original PT algorithm, and taking advantage of the characteristics of pseudorandom number generators, this implementation minimizes the overhead caused by interprocessor communication in replica exchange in PT. This enables one to efficiently apply PT to large-scale massively parallel systems. The efficiency of this implementation has been demonstrated in the context of various benchmark energy functions, such as the high-dimensional Rosenbrock function, and a rugged funnel-like function.
Does Temperature Quenching in the Early Universe Exist in Part Due to Particle Production? or Quantum Occupation States ?

We examine the role of particle nucleation in the initial universe, and argue that there is a small effect due to particle nucleation in terms of lowering initial temperature, in tandem with energy density and scale factor contribution. If such scaling exists as a major order effect, then quenching of temperature proportional to a vacuum nucleation at or before the electroweak era is heavily influenced by a number, n, which is either a quantum number (quantum cosmology) or a ‘particle count at/before the electro weak era.
Visualization of fluid displacements in porous media using computed tomography imaging

Abstract Computed tomography (CT) imaging was used to visualize corefloods in order to examine the in-situ displacement mechanisms. Both miscible and immiscible displacements were visualized. Results show that CT imaging of corefloods can be used to determine dispersion coefficients, to characterize the spatial distribution of porosity heterogeneities of the porous medium and to gain new insights into displacement phenomena. Further, CT imaging provides quantitative data that can be used to guide the development of numerical models of the displacements.
Modeling of light amplification and enhanced spontaneous emission in silicon nanocrystals

Based on coupled quantum electrodynamics the light propagation in active silicon nanocrystals was reported in this paper. The classical electron oscillator model was employed to bridge the link between the rate equations of the four-level atomic system of the active medium and the electromagnetic interaction. With the assistance of auxiliary differential equations we numerically solved the system by using the Finite-difference Time-domain (FDTD) method. Both stimulated and spontaneous emissions were taken into account in the active medium system. Light amplification characteristics due to stimulated emission were investigated under various pumping rates. To enhance the spontaneous emission, microcavities based on one-dimensional photonic crystals were designed to maximize the nonlinear interaction between the active medium and electromagnetic waves. Preliminary experimental investigation of the cavity-enhanced luminescence was performed to demonstrate the validation of the proposed simulation scheme.