cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes After Multimodality Therapy in Modern Breast Cancer Patients Presenting With Clinical N3c Supraclavicular Node Involvement.

Purpose/Objective(s) Breast cancer patients with clinical N3c (cN3c) disease at diagnosis have poor outcomes relative to other breast cancer patients. Radiotherapy (RT) has an important role in the management of these patients as the supraclavicular (SCV) nodes are not routinely surgically dissected. However, outcomes and prognostic factors in the era of modern neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are not well-described. Materials/Methods We reviewed breast cancer patients with non-metastatic cN3c disease treated at our institution from 2014-2019 with curative intent NAC, surgery, and adjuvant RT. All patients received nodal RT including the SCV, infraclavicular, and internal mammary nodes. Institutional guidelines recommend a 10 Gy boost to clinically resolved N3 nodal basins and 16 Gy to unresolved N3 nodes. Variables including initial and boost dose, pathologic response, and type of nodal dissection were collected. Local (LC) and regional control (RC), freedom from distant metastases (FFDM), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed with the Kaplan Meier method. A saturated multivariable Cox proportional hazards model of OS with backward elimination identified clinical variables associated with OS at P Results A total of 176 consecutive patients were analyzed. The median follow-up time was 2.83 years. The median age was 54 years, 76 (43%) were ER+/HER2-, 20 (11%) ER+/HER2+, 26 (15%) ER-/HER2+, and 54 (31%) ER-/HER2-. 102 (57%) had T3/4 disease, 41 (23%) underwent lumpectomy, 142 (81%) had pathologic confirmation of N3c, and 10 (6%) had a neck dissection. The median initial radiation dose was 50 Gy (range, 44-56.25), SCV boost 10 Gy (range, 6-16), and 156 (89%) received cumulative SCV dose ≥60 Gy. The 3-year OS, FFDM, RC, and LC were 79%, 64%, 93%, and 96%, respectively. For cumulative SCV dose of ≥60 Gy vs. Conclusion In a large, modern cohort of non-metastatic cN3c breast cancer patients treated with multimodality therapy, cumulative SCV dose ≥60 Gy was found to be associated with improved OS. Although optimal radiation dosing cannot be established from this data, a SCV radiation boost should be considered in cN3c patients treated with curative intent respecting normal tissue constraints.
Acne and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Acne constitutes a multifactorial skin disorder which has a very adverse psychological impact in all individuals but more so in adolescents [1, 2]. From many natural paradigms and from systematic studies, the role of hormones in the appearance of acne has been substantiated [1–4]. Specifically, androgens affect the pilosebaseous unit by inducing sebum production [5].
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FIVE STIGMATIC CHAMBERS AND TWO OVARIES OF MILKWEED (ASCLEPIAS AMPLEXICAUUS SM.) FLOWERS: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT

To assess the spatial relationships between the five stigmatic chambers and two separate ovaries of milkweed flowers with respect to pollen tube transmission, we performed experimental cross-pollinations of Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. and examined cleared or sectioned gynostegia of these flowers 12–24 h after pollination. Three adjacent stigmatic chambers transmit pollen tubes to one of the two separate ovaries, and the remaining two chambers transmit pollen tubes to the second ovary. Despite the potential for pollen tubes to cross over at the point of fusion of the two styles, we never observed this phenomenon in our sections. Thus, it should be possible to perform controlled pollinations of selected ovaries in milkweed flowers. We have also discovered a furrow on the upper surface of the gynostegium that enables one to identify which stigmatic chambers transmit pollen tubes to particular styles and ovaries: three stigmatic chambers transmitting to one ovary are on one side of this furrow, and the two chambers transmitting to the second ovary are on the opposite side.
An Endonuclease Induced after Infection of Escherichia coli with Bacteriophage T7 II. SPECIFICITY OF THE ENZYME TOWARD SINGLE- AND DOUBLE-STRANDED DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

Abstract The deoxyribonuclease purified from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T7 catalyzes an endonucleolytic cleavage of both single- and double-stranded DNA. During the hydrolysis of duplex DNA single-strand breaks are introduced. These interruptions can be repaired by incubation in the polynucleotide ligase reaction. Prolonged incubation of native DNA with the enzyme leads to fragmentation of the DNA, as measured by sedimentation analysis in neutral sucrose gradients. Hydrolysis of native DNA yields polynucleotides bearing 5'-phosphory1 and 3'-hydroxyl termini; the 5'-end groups are predominantly pyrimidine residues. Extensive hydrolysis of denatured T7, native T7, and native E. coli DNA yields products having average molecular weights of 6 x 103, 1 x 105, and 6 x 103, respectively.
Spatial Domain Characterization and Control of Reconstruction Errors

Reconstruction is imperative whenever an image or a volume needs to be resampled as a result of an affine or perspective transformation, texture mapping, or volume rendering. We present a new method for the characterization and measurement of reconstruction error. Our method, based on spatial domain error analysis, uses approximation theory to develop error bounds. We provide, for the first time, an efficient way to guarantee an error bound at every point by varying the filter size. We go further to support position-adaptive and data-adaptive reconstruction which adjust filter size to the location of reconstruction and the data in its vicinity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods with suitable 2D and 3D examples.
Regional Resource Recovery Center Cost Analysis

An in-depth study was made of a regional resource recovery center servicing seven towns and the University of New Hampshire. The center receives source separated glass (by color), cans, corrugated paper, and newsprint. Estimates of total percent recyclables in the waste stream were 42.1% for rural towns and 30.0% for urban areas. The towns which operate mandatory recycling programs contributed 15.8% to 31.4% of their total waste to the recycling center, or 38% to 75% of the potentially recyclable materials. Towns with voluntary programs contributed only 4.8% to 11.8% of their waste, or 11% to 28% of their recyclables. Time studies of all operations in the center, and evaluation of all costs associated with operation of the recycling program were performed. Alternative modes of transportation, including rail transport, were also investigated. Public participation must also be adequate to provide sufficient quantities of recyclable material to offset operating costs.
Probabilistic cost, risk, and throughput analysis of lunar transportation architectures

The President's vision for space exploration presents a need to determine the best architecture and set of vehicle elements in order to achieve a sustained human lunar exploration program. The Lunar Architecture Stochastic Simulator and Optimizer (LASSO), a new simulation-based capability based on discrete-event simulation, was created to address this question by probabilistically simulating lunar transportation architecture based on cost, reliability, and throughput figures of merit. In this study, two competing lunar transportation architectures are examined for a variety of launch vehicle scenarios to determine the best approach for human lunar exploration. Additionally, the two architectures are also compared for varying available ground infrastructure and desired flight rates. It is concluded that an expendable architecture is favored, using man-rated versions of existing evolved expendable launch vehicles (EELVs) for crew launches and developing a heavy-lift launch vehicle for cargo launches.
Ranked search on data graphs

Graph-structured databases are widely prevalent, and the problem of effective search and retrieval from such graphs has been receiving much attention recently. For example, the Web can be naturally viewed as a graph. Likewise, a relational database can be viewed as a graph where tuples are modeled as vertices connected via foreign-key relationships. Keyword search querying has emerged as one of the most effective paradigms for information discovery, especially over HTML documents in the World Wide Web. One of the key advantages of keyword search querying is its simplicity—users do not have to learn a complex query language, and can issue queries without any prior knowledge about the structure of the underlying data. The purpose of this dissertation was to develop techniques for user-friendly, high quality and efficient searching of graph structured databases. Several ranked search methods on data graphs have been studied in the recent years. Given a top-k keyword search query on a graph and some ranking criteria, a keyword proximity search finds the top-k answers where each answer is a substructure of the graph containing all query keywords, which illustrates the relationship between the keyword present in the graph. We applied keyword proximity search on the web and the page graph of web documents to find top-k answers that satisfy user’s information need and increase user satisfaction. Another effective ranking mechanism applied on data graphs is the authority flow based ranking mechanism. Given a top- k keyword search query on a graph, an authority-flow based search finds the top-k answers where each answer is a node in the graph ranked according to its relevance and importance to the query. We developed techniques that improved the authority flow based search on data graphs by creating a framework to explain and reformulate them taking in to consideration user preferences and feedback. We also applied the proposed graph search techniques for Information Discovery over biological databases. Our algorithms were experimentally evaluated for performance and quality. The quality of our method was compared to current approaches by using user surveys.
Multiple arteries supplying a single tumor vascular distribution: microsphere administration options for the interventional radiologist performing radioembolization.

Radioembolization (RE) has become an increasingly common procedure for patients with liver-dominant primary liver tumors or metastatic disease. Results for RE are generally considered to be as favorable as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and may even be more beneficial than TACE in certain clinical settings. The choice of RE versus TACE still largely remains one of operator, patient, and referring provider's preference, and there are clear institutional biases for one treatment over the other. It is the authors' opinion that both procedures should be offered by interventional radiology departments, to allow the greatest latitude in the treatment of patients with liver-dominant malignancies. Until one becomes facile with RE as a procedure, it can seem more technically challenging to perform compared with TACE. The technical administration of the agent is not the difficult part of the procedure; interventional radiologists (IRs) are experts at placing catheters where they need to be, and administering embolic agents of all sorts into arteries supplying any organ in the body. The difficulties with RE arise more from the technical specifics due to administering highly radioactive particles themselves, and occur due to the great need to protect both the patient and the operating staff from unintentional administration of radioactivity. The particular steps in the process that distinguish RE from TACE include dosimetry calculations, embolization of extrahepatic collaterals, and the inability to freely move a catheter through which radioactive particles have already been injected. It is the latter issue that is the topic of this article.
Buckling Response of Transversly Loaded Composites Shells, Part 2: Numerical Analysis

The response of transversely point-loaded composite shells is investigated via the finite element method. The thin, circular cylindrical shells are hinged at a fixed distance apart on the straight edges and are free on the curved edges. Stability issues are considered, including nonlinear prebuckling, limit points, bifurcation, and postbuckling. In the finite element formulation, a novel technique is utilized to identify and traverse bifurcation points efficiently in the nonlinear elastic response. A classic shell buckling benchmark problem is solved here correctly for the first time; previous studies have found the isotropic shell to have a limit point, when, in fact, the shell bifurcates before reaching a limit point. Predicted results for graphite/epoxy laminated shells are in excellent agreement with measured load-deflection and mode-shape evolutions as previously reported. Two cases of extraordinarily good agreement between the data and model, particularly large-deflection asymmetric deformations modes through a bifurcation point and far into the postbuckling regime, clearly establish validated new benchmarks. Asymmetries in both directions of the shell plane, relative to the centrally applied point load, are discussed with regard to bifurcation and material couplings in the composite laminate. Asymmetric stress distributions are discussed in the context of composite damage resistance and previous experimental findings on atypical shell damage mode and extent. The influence of test fixture compliance is evaluated and briefly discussed.
Stratigraphic profiling of antarctic firn with 400-MHz GPR at 1500 NS

The firn regime of Antarctica extends 60-100 m deep and contains at least the last 200 years of snow deposition. As part of a program to study the influence of industrialization on antarctic climate and glacial mass balance, I have acquired about 3000 km of profiles of the stratigraphy of this regime in West Antarctica using 400-MHz GPR. Here, sections of these deeper profiles are presented to show the performance that can be achieved with commercial-grade radar in polar firn and to show some of the horizon characteristics. The profiles show 1) distinct reflections that are probably thin layer responses, 2) deepest penetration to about 130 m, 3) long-distance horizon continuity (as great as 500 km), and 4) folding caused by tectonic compression. The continuity, the increase of reflection strength with depth, and the slow variation of strength with distance suggest that the reflections are caused by chemical impurities and not density contrasts. Continuity will improve with faster trace acquisition. Resolution may not improve at higher frequencies because horizons may blur from antenna motion and horizon irregularities.
Lysine and Arginine Requirements of Broiler Chickens at Two- to Three-Week Intervals to Eight Weeks of Age

Four experiments were conducted to determine the arginine and lysine requirements of male chickens for 2- to 3-wk intervals from the time of hatching until 8 wk of age. Weight gain, breast muscle growth, and feed efficiency were used as response for each interval. Dietary requirements for lysine and arginine were estimated by broken-line regression analysis of responses to six or seven dietary levels of each amino acid. Dietary crude protein levels were 22, 21, 20, and 18% in four consecutive experiments from 0 to 2, 2 to 4, 3 to 6, and 5 to 8 wk of age. An occasional estimate of requirement was not determined (ND) because the response did not conform to the regression model. The values for lysine and arginine requirements determined from breast muscle gain (weight gain of pectoralis major plus pectoralis minor) were not significantly higher than those from body weight gain. However, they tended to be higher than for feed efficiency for 0-to-2 and 2-to-4-wk-old broilers. Lysine and arginine requirements, as percentages of total amino acid in the diet, for maximum breast muscle growth were, respectively, 1.32+/-0.01% and 1.27+/-0.00% to 2 wk of age, 1.21+/-0.06% and ND for 2 to 4 wk of age, 0.99+/-0.02% and 0.97+/-0.02% for 3 to 6 wk of age, and 0.81+/-0.01% and 0.83+/-0.02% for 5 to 8 wk of age. Calculated digestible lysine and arginine requirements were, respectively, 1.24 and 1.19% to 2 wk of age, 1.11% and ND for 2 to 4 wk of age, 0.92% and 0.91% for 3 to 6 wk of age, and 0.75 and 0.78% for 5 to 8 wk of age. The requirements for lysine and arginine were similar except for the earliest age group for which the lysine requirement appeared to be slightly higher than that of arginine.
Levels of brain lipids in white matter from undernourished Sinclair (S-1) miniature swine.

It Has been suggested previously that animal models are the preferred method for biochemical study concerned with protein-calorie malnutrition (Kirsch, Saunders and Brock, 1968; Dobbing, 1970). That the brain is one of the least vulnerable organs to be affected by dietary deprivation has been reported for swine (Platt, Heard and Stewart, 1964; Tumbleson, Tinsley, Corwin, Flatt and Flynn, 1969; Tumbleson, Tinsley, Mulder and Flait, 1970), rhesus monkeys (Ordy, Samorajski and Hershberger, 1970) and rats (Brown and Guthrie, 1968). However, alteration of brain composition as a result of protein-calorie malnutrition at a young age may have important effects on the mental and behavioural activities of the maturing subjects (Winick, 1970; Cravioto, 1970). In a previous study on the effect of undernutrition in young miniature swine, it was noted that there was an elevation in the levels of cholesterol and glucose in serum of pigs fed the low protein diet (Tumblesonet al., 1969). The duration of such elevations was usually 2–8 weeks after administration of the test diet. Since cholesterol, as well as other chemical constituents, in serum is important for the biosynthesis of brain membranes, the present study was designed to assess the effect of undernutrition on levels of major brain lipids.
Quantum Freeze‐Out of Carriers in Semimetallic and Semiconducting Thin Wires

A semimetal—semiconductor transition is predicted to take place due to the quantum freeze-out of carriers in semimetallic thin wires. These wires are assumed to be cylinders of radius R0 although this quantum freeze-out effect is also predicted to take place in thin wires of rectangular cross section as well. In cylindrical wires, the onset of semiconducting behavior is expected to occur at a critical radius R*0 = α01ħ/(2M Δ)1/2, where α01 = 2.405 is the first zero of the Bessel function of the zeroth order, M = memh/(me + mh) is the reduced mass of the electron—hole system, and Δ is the overlap of the conduction and valence bands. For wires of radii smaller than R*0, the electrical conductivity of the thin wire will exponentially decrease with temperature because of the presence of an effective band gap Eg = (αħ2/2 M R) - Δ > 0. Ein Halbmetall—Halbleiterubergang, der infolge von Quantenausfrierung von Ladungstragern in dunnen halbmetallischen Drahten stattfindet, wird vorausgesagt. Dabei wird angenommen, das die Drahte Zylinder mit dem Radius R0 sind, obwohl dieser Quantenausfriereffekt ebenso fur dunne Drahte mit rechteckigem Querschnitt vorhergesagt wird. Es wird erwartet, das in zylindrischen Drahten das Einsetzen des Halbleiterverhaltens fur einen kritischen Radius R*0 = α01h/(2M Δ)1/2 auftritt, wobei α01 = 2,405 die erste Nullstelle der Besselfunktion nullter Ordnung, M = memh/(me + mh) die reduzierte Masse des Elektron—Loch-Systems und Δ die Uberlappung des Leitungs- und Valenzbandes ist. Fur Drahte mit Radien, die kleiner als R0 sind, sinkt die elektrische Leitfahigkeit der dunnen Drahte exponentiell mit der Temperatur, aufgrund einer vorhandenen effektiven Bandlucke Eg = (αħ2/2 M R) - Δ > 0.
Patient expectations and anticipated responses to postsurgical pain.

This descriptive study investigated the factors that influenced the intended pain management behaviors of a sample of 186 patients awaiting major surgical procedures. Pain management behaviors were...
Suppressing multipacting in a 56 MHz quarter wave resonator

We propose using a beam excited 56 MHz radio frequency (rf) niobium quarter wave resonator (QWR) to enhance the luminosity and bunching of the RHIC's (relativistic heavy ion collider's) beam. From experience with similar structures, multipacting is expected but is to be avoided in a storage ring; therefore, we undertook extensive simulations with the Multipac 2.1 2D code. They revealed that multipacting occurs in various bands up to a peak surface electric field of $50\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{m}$, and is concentrated mostly above the beam gap and on the outer conductor. To resolve this issue, we introduced a ripple structure into the outer conductor and successfully eliminated multipacting.
Local Histogram Filtering Utilizing Feature Selective Templates

Local histogram filtering utilizing feature selective templates consists of ordering the elements of the subimage histogram contained in the support of a nine element square template translating over the image, rather than ordering the subimage intensity values, as in standard order statistic filtering. Subsequently, the ordered local histogram is constructed from the nonzero subimage histogram elements arranged in descending order. If the subimage value contained in the center of the template support is equivalent to the most frequently occurring subimage intensity, corresponding to the 0th order statistic of the ordered local histogram, the central subimage value is preserved. Alternately, if the central subimage value differs from the most frequency subimage intensity, sequential morphological hit-miss transformations are performed on the subimage employing a subset of 36 feature selective templates specified according to the ordered local histogram element values. The feature selective template hit-miss transformations implement heuristic image smoothness criteria, determining if the central subimage pixel is a component of a valid intensity pattern that is preserved. An unsuccessful hit-miss transformation indicates an invalid intensity pattern, resulting in the modification of the central subimage value to the subimage value corresponding to the 0th order statistic of the ordered local histogram. Consequently, in simulated images consisting of linear, rectangular, circular, and spiral geometric patterns corrupted with uniformly distributed impulsive random noise, the resulting filtered images possess mean absolute errors between 2.0 and 3.9 times less than those of images employing median filtering.
Genetics of audiogenic seizures: III. Time response relationships between drug administration and seizure susceptibility

Abstract The effects of reserpine, alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, para-chlorophenylalanine, iproniazid, catron and 5-hydroxytryptophan on susceptibility to audiogenic seizures was studied. Lowering levels of 5-HT and/or NE, in general, enhances seizure susceptibility, whereas increasing levels of these amines tends to protect against sound-induced convulsions. Time-response studies of seizure susceptibility and brain levels of the biogenic amines after drug treatment indicate that the relation between these variables is not perfect. The dynamic state of the 5-HT and NE, i.e. whether the amines are being depleted or repleted, seem to be important in determining seizure susceptibility.
Evaluation of the oral subchronic toxicity of HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyran) in the rat

1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyran (HHCB) is used in a wide variety of fragrances in consumer products. Because of the widespread exposure to this material, a 90-day oral feeding study in accordance with OECD guidelines No. 408, with 4-week recovery periods for selected rats, was conducted. HHCB was added to the diet of rats at levels calculated to result in mean daily doses of 5, 15, 50 or 150 mg HHCB/kg. On completion of the treatment period, three males and three females from the high dose and control groups were maintained for a treatment free period of 4 weeks. No adverse effects were revealed from clinical examination or following extensive histopathological examinations. There were no significant findings at any dose level; a NOAEL of 150 mg/kg per day was concluded. As a supplement to the main study, histopathological examination of the prostate, seminal vesicles, mammary gland and testes of males and ovaries, mammary gland, uterus and vagina of females was undertaken on all animals in all test groups. This examination did not reveal any evidence of hormonal effects.
SU‐E‐T‐386: Improved Dose‐Response Relationship for Focal Cancer Therapy Using Liposome‐Encapsulated 186Re Radionuclides

Purpose: Vital to all cancer therapy modalities, is an effective relationship between treatment and effect. This work evaluated this relationship for intratumoral infusions of liposome‐encapsulated , 186 Re for the treatment of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude rats. Methods: Rats were separated into three treatment groups receiving intratumoral infusions of , 186 Re‐liposomes (5mCi/cm3 tumor; infused volume = 45% tumor volume): one group received a single infusion location, one group received multiple (3) infusion locations, and one group received multiple (3) infusion locations following two systemically injected bevacizumab treatments (1mg/rat). Planar gamma cameraimaging was used to obtain tumor clearance kinetics. SPECT/CT images were used to obtain intratumoral activity distributions. Tumor sizes were periodically measured up to 43 days post‐treatment. Intratumoral dose calculations were performed using a dose‐point‐kernel convolution technique with co‐registered SPECT/CT images. Average dose and EUD values were calculated for individual tumors in attempt to correlate values with relative tumor shrinkage by comparing day 43 tumor volumes with day 0.Results: Intratumoral dose calculations showed significant intratumoral dose heterogeneity. The use of three separate tumor infusion locations improved dose homogeneity compared to a single infusion location as a result of a more uniform radioactivity distribution. An excellent dose‐response correlation was seen with EUD calculations (R, 2 = 0.84) compared with average tumordoses (R, 2 = 0.22). Varying radiobiological parameters over commonly used values showed little effect on relative EUD calculations among rats and suggests individualized parameter use is of little significance as long as the intratumoral dose heterogeneity is taken into consideration in the dose‐response relationship. Conclusions: This work showed a much improved treatment‐effect relationship for intratumoral delivery of, 186 Re‐liposomes when using tumor EUD calculations. This is useful for treatment planning and evaluation with this radiation delivery technique.
Deformation-induced amorphization of CuTi2 microcrystals in an amorphous matrix

Abstract We report the amorphization of an intermetallic compound by deformation. Melt-spun ribbons consisting of CuTi 2 microcrystals in an amorphous matrix were cold rolled under near-isothermal conditions. The crystals were observed to transforn to the amorphous state. The progress of the vitrification was monitored by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. At intermediate stages of the transformation, growth of the amorphous phase is observed to proceed from the crystal-glass interface. Large defect densities are observed in microcrystals at the earliest deformation stage. Annealed, fully crystalline ribbons were rolled to comparable reduction ratios but did not show evidence of amorphizing. Chemical disorder, perhaps aided by quenched-in atomic site defects and non-stoichiometry of the rapily quenched microcrystals, is believed to destabilize the intermetallic phase relative to the metallic glass, resulting in amorphization.
Socioemotional Factors Contributing to Ad justment Among Early-Entrance College Students

This study investigates the influence of self-concept and perceived family environment on psychosocial adjustment among early-entrance college students. Participants included 104 male and 76 female juniors at the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science (TAMS). Scholastic aptitude, previous academicachievement, and family environment were employed as latent independent variables. Self-concept, personal adjustment to TAMS, and academic achievement at TAMS were the latent dependent variables of the study. A series of regression models was used to assess the predictive utility of independent measures. The final model indicated that a combination of self-concept and family environment variables was able to predict psychosocial adjustment. Specifically, family cohesion, conflict, and expressiveness and overall self-concept were predictive of adjustment to college as 4-neasured by the total score of the Student Adjustment to College Questionnaire. For TAMS students, family cohesion, organization, control, Colfl...
Rash as a surrogate marker for efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancer.

Rash and other cutaneous adverse events are class-effect toxicities seen with therapeutic agents such as the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib and monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the treatment of cancer. Rash has been reported in approximately two thirds of patients treated with these agents in phase II/III clinical trials in different tumor types. The rash that occurs with EGFR-targeted agents is generally mild to moderate; severe (grade 3/4) rash is rare (< 15% in non–small-cell lung carcinoma trials). In a number of clinical trials, the association of the incidence and severity of rash with response and survival after treatment with erlotinib or gefitinib has been analyzed. Although the significance of the association is yet to be determined, in most studies, a positive correlation between rash and clinical outcomes with EGFR-targeted therapy has been demonstrated. Therefore, the potential of using rash as a surrogate marker for efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer therapy exists and needs to be further explored. This article provides a review of the data evaluating the association between rash and treatment outcomes and summarizes the current knowledge regarding the significance of this association. Understanding the biology/etiology of the rash resulting from EGFR inhibitors and assessing its correlation with treatment outcomes in large, prospective trials will help define the role of rash as a surrogate marker for efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy.
Spatial price dynamics and integration in russian food markets

This paper evaluates dynamic elements of spatial market linkages for several important food commodities in the Russian Federation. We argue that delivery lags and other impediments to regional commodity trade may delay price responses. Standard regression and cointegration tests that compare contemporaneous price linkages in a short-run setting may not be flexible enough to address integration in such a setting. As an alternative, we complement conventional time-series tests of spatial integration with an analysis of dynamic responses to price shocks. The results provide tempered support for spatial integration, especially in retail markets. However, the results suggest that, because of gradual adjustments to price shocks, integration may occur mainly in the long run.
Impact of active resistance on dynamic power responses in a CERTS microgrid

Frequency droop algorithms used by CERTS Microgrid inverters adjust power by changing the output frequency. This concept assumes that the interconnecting impedance is primarily inductive, but it can be shown that the reactance-to-resistance (X/R) ratio significantly affects the dynamic response and the rate at which steady-state behavior is restored following transient events. The concept of active resistance is introduced as a means to accelerate the rate of convergence to steady state following a transient without the dissipative losses associated with additional line resistance. With active resistance, the damping of the system is shown to significantly increase and the stable operating region is expanded.
Modification of a reaction rate model involving competitive-noncompetitive adsorption

The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen was considered for the competitive-noncompetitive adsorption model of olefin hydrogenation. The parameters of the model developed were estimated by utilizing the existing hydrogenation data of propylene and isobutylene. The resulting parameter estimates were compared with those of a model which does not include the dissociative adsorption term for hydrogen. The hydrogenation condition in which the competitive reaction predominates was discussed.
The Intervention Crisis of 1862: A British Diplomatic Dilemma?

In the fall of 1862, William Ewart Gladstone opened a cabinet debate whether Great Britain should intervene in the American Civil War. Influenced by the staggering death toll and lack of results, the British cabinet contemplated a humanitarian intervention. Coinciding with the debate was a cabinet crisis in France over French policies toward Italy and more importantly the overthrow of the Greek king. The revolution in Greece reopened the Eastern Question and forced the Palmerston Government to carefully consider its foreign policy. By closely looking at the chronological overlap of the intervention debate, the French cabinet crisis, and the Greek Revolution, this article shows the interplay of the entangled global crises during the fall of 1862 and their impact on trans-Atlantic diplomacy. The British Government had to determine whether the situation in North America or the containment of Russia and the Eastern Question required attention more urgently. The British Government determined that threats close...
The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 regulates neural development through the translational repression of p21WAF-1.

RNA-binding proteins regulate cell fate decisions during nervous system development. The Msi family of RNA-binding proteins is expressed in multipotential neural progenitors, and is required for maintaining cells in a proliferative state. We demonstrate that Msi-1's ability to regulate progenitor maintenance is through the translational inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF-1. Msi-1 ectopic expression increases the proliferation rate and the capacity to regulate p21WAF-1 protein expression, independent of p53. The 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the native p21WAF-1 mRNA contains a Msi-1 consensus-binding site that permits Msi-1 to directly repress the translation of p21WAF-1 protein. Reduction of Msi-1 through antisense leads to aberrant p21WAF-1 expression, which significantly impairs neural differentiation. A double knockdown for p21WAF-1 and Msi-1 rescues the production of mature MAP+ neurons. Our results further elucidate the symbiotic relationship between cell cycle withdrawal and the onset of differentiation in the developing nervous system, as well as increasing the understanding of the influence that RNA-binding proteins serve in regulating these processes.
Optimal sensor selection in sequential estimation problems

The optimal selection of measurements in finite and infinite dimensional filtering systems is considered. The function space approach is followed and an optimization procedure, in a general operator formulation, is established for systems with continuous dynamics and continuous-time or intermittent measurements. The optimality index follows from the functional properties of the covariance operator and it is deduced to be the trace of the operator at the system terminal time. For computational purposes, orthogonal collocation is used to transform the infinite dimensional systems into finite dimensional ones, and the conditions under which minimizing the trace of the covariance operator is equivalent to minimizing the trace of the resulting covariance matrix are established. The kernel representation of the optimization procedure for the tubular-flow reactor system with intermittent, point-value measurements is presented. The optimal locations of sensors placed either simultaneously or sequentially in the s...
Drosophila Genome-Scale Screen for PAN GU Kinase Substrates Identifies Mat89Bb as a Cell Cycle Regulator

Summary Although traditional organism-based mutational analysis is powerful in identifying genes involved in specific biological processes, limitations include incomplete coverage and time required for gene identification. Biochemical screens using cell transfection or yeast two-hybrid methods are rapid, but they are limited by cDNA library quality. The recent establishment of "uni-gene sets" has made it feasible to biochemically screen an organism's entire genome. Radiolabeled protein pools prepared from the Drosophila Gene Collection were used in a Drosophila in vitro expression cloning ("DIVEC") screen for substrates of PAN GU kinase, which is crucial for S-M embryonic cell cycles. Ablation of one identified substrate, Mat89Bb, by RNAi produces a polyploid phenotype similar to that of pan gu mutants. Xenopus embryos injected with Mat89Bb morpholinos arrest with polyploid nuclei, and Mat89Bb RNAi in HeLa cells gives rise to multinucleated cells. Thus, Mat89Bb plays an evolutionarily conserved role as a crucial regulator of both cell cycle and development.
The Promise of Desegregation Tendering Expectation and Reality in Achieving Quality Schooling

The debates about African American children's school experiences have grown and progressed steadily since the 1954 Brown v. Topeka Board of Education decision. The Brown decision provides a useful ...
Emotional Reactions to Conflict: Do Dependence and Legitimacy Matter?

Based on the dependence, legitimacy, andjustice literatures, we develop predictions about how two forms of power affect subordinates' anticipated emotional reactions to an inappropriate act by a superior and the likelihood that they will express these emotions toward their superior. We test the effects of dependence and legitimacy on the anticipated experience of three backward-looking emotions (satisfaction, anger, and resentment) and two forward-looking emotions (excitement and worry). Using vignettes, we asked 330 college students to take the position of a subordinate in a conflict with a manager and describe how theyfeel and how likely they would be to express their emotions toward their manager. The design manipulated subordinates' and superiors' alternatives as well as endorsement and authorization of the superior. Results show that subordinates report the highest levels of anger and resentment when they are in the least dependentposition and the lowest levels when they are in a highly and equally dependent relationship with their superior. They also report more resentment when their superior is not endorsed. Less dependent subordinatesfeel more excitement and less worry than highly dependent subordinates. They also feel more excitement when their superior is not endorsed. Finally, subordinates in a highly dependentposition or with a highly endorsed superior are less likely to report the likelihood of expressing negative emotions toward their superior. Perhaps no other feature of organizational life is more pervasive than conflict. Disputing parties struggle over issues as varied as cubicle size, work assignments, difficult coworkers, desirable territories, and performance reviews. Struggles such *Please note that the order of authorship does not reflect differential contributions to this work, which has been a joint endeavor in every sense. We are grateful to Karen Hegtvedt, Kim Lupo, and the two Social Forces reviewers for their insightful comments. We also thank
A note on a permanental conjecture of M. Marcus and H. Mine

Let ω n be the set of all n-square doubly stochastic matrices. The matrix whose entries are 1/n is denoted by Jn . A conjecture of M. Marcus and H. Mine asserts that for . If n≥ 4, then equality can hold if and only if A= Jn . In the present paper, it is shown that a stronger version of this conjecture holds true for any normal doubly stochastic matrix whose eigenvalues lie in the sector [ -π/2n, π/2n] of the complex plane.
Effect of siloxane functionalized caprolactone polyols on photocurable epoxy coatings

Cationic ultraviolet (UV) coatings were formulated using a cycloaliphatic diepoxide (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl-3′, 4-′epoxycyclohexane carboxylate) with siloxane modified caprolactone polyols. Both di- and tri-TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) functionalized caprolactone polyols were used to modify the UV coatings. The resulting coatings were cured and evaluated in terms of pencil hardness, MEK double rubs, crosshatch/pull-off adhesion, and reverse impact resistance. Addition of the siloxane-functionalized polyols into the caprolactone polyol/cycloaliphatic diepoxide coating formulations improved pencil hardness, MEK double rubs, and enhanced toughness of the coatings. When the addition of siloxane-functionalized polyols was less than 25 wt%, the resulting coatings had significantly increased adhesion. In addition, modification of the coatings with the siloxane-functionalized polyols also reduced surface tension and improved film formation with reduced levels of surface wetting agent. Without the modification, the coatings exhibited a poor balance of hardness and adhesion.
Conditional Akaike information criterion in the Fay–Herriot model

Abstract The Fay–Herriot model, a popular approach in small area estimation, uses relevant covariates to improve the inference for quantities of interest in small sub-populations. The conditional Akaike information (AI) (Vaida and Blanchard, 2005 [23] ) in linear mixed-effect models with i.i.d. errors can be extended to the Fay–Herriot model for measuring prediction performance. In this paper, we derive the unbiased conditional AIC (cAIC) for three popular approaches to fitting the Fay–Herriot model. The three cAIC have closed forms and are convenient to implement. We conduct a simulation study to demonstrate their accuracy in estimating the conditional AI and superior performance in model selection than the classic AIC. We also apply the cAIC in estimating county-level prevalence rates of obesity for working-age Hispanic females in California.
Si $_{\bf 3}$ N $_{\bf 4}$ Nanobeam Optomechanical Crystals

The development of ${\text{Si}}_{\text{3}}{\text{N}}_{\text{4}}$ nanobeam optomechanical crystals is reviewed. These structures consist of a 350-nm thick, 700-nm wide doubly-clamped ${\text{Si}}_{\text{3}}{\text{N}}_{\text{4}}$ nanobeam that is periodically patterned with an array of air holes to which a defect region is introduced. The periodic patterning simultaneously creates a photonic bandgap for 980 nm band photons and a phononic bandgap for 4 GHz phonons, with the defect region serving to colocalize optical and mechanical modes within their respective bandgaps. These optical and mechanical modes interact dispersively with a coupling rate $g_{0}/2\pi \approx$ 100 kHz, which describes the shift in cavity mode optical frequency due to the zero-point motion of the mechanical mode. Optical sidebands generated by interaction with the mechanical mode lie outside of the optical cavity linewidth, enabling possible use of this system in applications requiring sideband-resolved operation. Along with a review of the basic device design, fabrication, and measurement procedures, we present new results on improved optical quality factors (up to $4\times 10^5$ ) through optimized lithography, measurements of devices after HF acid surface treatment, and temperature dependent measurements of mechanical damping between 6 and 300 K. A frequency-mechanical quality factor product $\left(f\,{\times }\,Q_m\right)$ as high as $\approx 2.6\times 10^{13}$ Hz is measured.
Magneto-harmonic pressure sensor for biomedical applications

A wireless and passive pressure sensor was developed for biomedical applications such as monitoring pressure in an abdominal aortic aneurysm sac after a stenting procedure to detect potential leakage from the stent graft. The sensor, referred to as the magneto-harmonic pressure sensor, was an airtight chamber consisting of a rigid well structure capped with an elastic membrane. A magnetically soft material was placed at the bottom of the well, while a magnetically hard material was attached to the membrane. Under the excitation of a magnetic AC field, the magnetically soft material produced a magnetic field at frequencies higher than the excitation frequency (the higher-order harmonic fields) that can be remotely detected with an external detection system. The pattern of the higher-order harmonic fields was dependent on the magnitude of the magnetic DC field produced by the magnetically hard material. When the ambient pressure varied, the membrane of the sensor deflected, changing the separation distance between the magnetically hard and soft materials. This in turn changed the magnitude of the magnetic DC field, causing a shift in the higher-order harmonic field pattern. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the sensor, and its implementation to mice to evaluate its performance in a biological environment.
Optimal dynamic behavior of adaptive WIP regulation with multiple modes of capacity adjustment

Abstract It is desirable to maintain consistent dynamic behavior of WIP regulation in work systems with multiple modes of capacity adjustment (floaters, overtime, etc.) and different adjustment periods, delays and limits in the various modes. Coordination of these modes is necessary in order to keep optimal dynamic behavior. In this paper, a control-theoretic model of WIP regulation is presented first that accommodates multiple capacity adjustment modes with different adjustment periods (per shift, per day, per week, etc.) and different delays in implementing adjustments. Then an algorithm is presented for adapting WIP adjustment parameters in the presence of capacity adjustment limits and mode priorities so that a specified dynamic performance goal continues to be met. Results of simulations driven by industrial data are used to illustrate the effect of limits and performance goals on dynamic behavior, and conclusions are drawn regarding the effectiveness of adaptive regulation of WIP by coordinating multiple modes of capacity adjustment.
Particle Size Distribution in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Microemulsions

A Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the particle size distribution in the synthesis of nanoparticles using microemulsions. When two microemulsions each containing reactants were mixed together, continuous collisions of the droplets lead to a particle-forming reaction through a repeated coalescence and breakup process. The particle formation in this process typically was limited by the droplet collision, because the mixing and reaction of the reactants were fast once two droplets coalesced. The present simulation indicates that a significant number of fine particles is generated making a broad hump in the particle size distribution on the small particle side. However, the volume fraction of the fine particles is insignificant, and the particle size distribution may be considered to be a narrow one if the fine particles are neglected. This prediction appears to be consistent with experimental observations, although only a limited number of experimental data is available.
Goals for the High School Science Curriculum

Two great goals of science instruction are dis cussed here: teaching students to learn on their own and teaching students to acquire and proc ess information, rather than merely memorizing facts. The author mentions several programs that facilitate attaining these goals.
Semiconductor position-sensitive detectors

Abstract Basic concepts for position sensing in particle and photon semiconductor detectors are summarized. Signal and noise criteria are discussed, particularly in view of the trends toward monolithic integration of charge sensing and position readout circuits with the detector.