cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale and Passive Avoidance Learning: A Validation Study of Race and Gender Effects

The reliability and validity of the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRPS) was examined in a noninstitutionalized offender sample of mixed gender and race. Adequate alpha coefficients were obtained for the total sample and across gender and race. The SRPS was compared to measures of trait anxiety and passive avoidance errors. SRPS total, primary, and secondary scores were positively and significantly correlated with trait anxiety and passive avoidance (commission) errors, but not omission errors. Employing hierarchical regression models, no anxiety, gender, or ethnic effects were found. Intelligence confounded the relationship between psychopathic traits and passive avoidance errors. Findings provide tentative support of the SRPS as a valid measure of psychopathy.
Time-bounded grammars and their languages

Formal grammars and formal languages are studied from the viewpoint of time-bounded grammars. A time-bound on a grammar is a measure of the “derivational complexity” of the language generated. Based on results of Gladkii [7] on connectivity in grammars, it is shown that a “linear speedup” can be obtained and that one can construct Turing acceptors to simulate grammars without loss of time. Positive containment and closure properties are also studied.
The relationship between changes in cell wall composition and the establishment of polarity in Fucus embryos

Abstract Changes in the appearance and location of fucoidin in the cell walls of Fucus embryos were related to embryo development. Fucoidin was not present in the cell wall until 10–14 hr after fertilization, when the embryos began to incorporate fucoidin preferentially into a localized area of the wall. At this time the site of rhizoid initiation was determined; that is, the embryos had undergone axis commitment. Germination of the single-celled embryo occurred between 12 and 16 hr, after fertilization, with all cell walls from germinated embryos showing fucoidin localization at the rhizoid end of the cell. The percentage of embryos with localized fucoidin at the time of axis fixation equaled the percentage of embryos that subsequently germinated. Culturing the embryos in sea water plus 0.8 M sucrose prevented the outgrowth of the rhizoid, but not the localization of fucoidin in the wall or axis commitment. Cycloheximide, nitroprusside, cytochalasin B, sulfate-free sea water, high levels of Ca2+, and a breakdown product of TIBA all prevented rhizoid growth and the specific localization of fucoidin. In addition, axis commitment could not be demonstrated in the presence of these inhibitors. DTNB, PCMBS, TIBA, HgCl2, Mg2+ were ineffective as reversible inhibitors of rhizoid initiation. The authors propose that the fixation of axis commitment is accompanied by localized changes in the cell wall involving the incorporation of fucoidin as a structural component of the wall.
Amplitude stability of auditory brainstem responses in two groups of children compared with adults

A recent report indicated that patterns of systematic variation may be observed in ABR peak latency of children from two age groups, and that comparisons of the children's latency data with similar findings in adults suggest new evidence for developmental changes in the human central auditory nervous system persisting as late as 12 years of age. The current report examines the stability of auditory brainstem response (ABR) peak amplitude for the same three groups of subjects, including: (1) across-age comparisons of absolute amplitude, between-subjects group stability, and within-subjects group stability; (2) documentation of individual differences in amplitude stability by peak and by ear; and (3) demonstration of the degree of replicability of amplitude stability patterns. Results indicate that the same observations are to made for ABR amplitude as for latency; that is, systematic patterns of stability at all three ages, with details that provide additional evidence for developmental changes in brainstem-mediated auditory electrophysiological response continuing into the second decade of life.
Distinct Amino Acid Compositional Requirements for Formation and Maintenance of the [PSI+] Prion in Yeast

Multiple yeast prions have been identified that result from the structural conversion of proteins into a self-propagating amyloid form. Amyloid-based prion activity in yeast requires a series of discrete steps. First, the prion protein must form an amyloid nucleus that can recruit and structurally convert additional soluble proteins. Subsequently, maintenance of the prion during cell division requires fragmentation of these aggregates to create new heritable propagons. For the Saccharomyces cerevisiae prion protein Sup35, these different activities are encoded by different regions of the Sup35 prion domain. An N-terminal glutamine/asparagine-rich nucleation domain is required for nucleation and fiber growth, while an adjacent oligopeptide repeat domain is largely dispensable for prion nucleation and fiber growth but is required for chaperone-dependent prion maintenance. Although prion activity of glutamine/asparagine-rich proteins is predominantly determined by amino acid composition, the nucleation and oligopeptide repeat domains of Sup35 have distinct compositional requirements. Here, we quantitatively define these compositional requirements in vivo. We show that aromatic residues strongly promote both prion formation and chaperone-dependent prion maintenance. In contrast, nonaromatic hydrophobic residues strongly promote prion formation but inhibit prion propagation. These results provide insight into why some aggregation-prone proteins are unable to propagate as prions.
Feedback control of chaotic circular point sets with arbitrary velocity profile

Abstract To simulate general particle motion on the cross-section of a particle laden jetflow by using fractal point sets, a feedback control process is developed to ensure the validity of nonlinear mapping techniques that transform an original fractal point set into the point set with any desired velocity profile. The points are utilized to represent quantitatively functional abrasive particles in abrasive waterjets which are capable of penetrating hard-to-machine materials such as titanium and advanced ceramics. The theoretical framework constitutes one of the most important parts in three-dimensional modeling of particle jetflow machining. Experimental results from cutting titanium and aluminum verify that the model has very good accuracy.
Benefits of intensive treadmill exercise training on cardiorespiratory function and quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) restricts the ability to engage in physical activity and decreases longevity. We examined the impact of aerobic exercise training on function and quality of life in patients with World Health Organization group 1 PH. Methods Patients were randomized to a 10-week education only (EDU) or education/exercise combined (EXE) group. The exercise program consisted of 24-30 sessions of treadmill walking for 30-45 min per session at 70% to 80% of heart rate reserve. Outcome variables included changes in 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance, time to exercise intolerance, peak work rate (WR) from a cardiopulmonary treadmill test, and quality-of-life measures, including the Short Form Health Survey, version 2 (SF-36v2) and Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR). Results Data are presented as mean ± SD. Twenty-three women (age, 54 ± 11 years; BMI, 31 ± 7 kg/m2) were randomized to the EDU (n = 13) or EXE (n = 10) groups. Following 10 weeks of intervention, patients in the EXE group demonstrated an improvement in 6MWT distance (56 ± 45 m; P = .002), increased time to exercise intolerance (1.9 ± 1.3 min; P = .001), and peak WR (26 ± 23 W; P = .004). Additionally, the EXE group scored significantly (P Conclusion Ten weeks of brisk treadmill walking improved 6MWT distance, cardiorespiratory function, and patient-reported quality of life in female patients with group 1 PH. Trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00678821; URL: clinicaltrials.gov
Introduction: Contexts and concepts of adaptability and plasticity in 20th-century plant science

Abstract Nowhere is the problem of understanding the complex linkages between organisms and their environments more apparent than in the science of plants. Today, efforts by scientists to predict and manage the biological consequences of shifting global and regional climates depend on understanding how organisms respond morphologically, physiologically, and behaviorally to changes in their environments. Investigating organismal “adaptability” (or “plasticity”) is rarely straightforward, prompting controversy and discourse among and between ecologists and agricultural scientists. Concepts like agro-climatic adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, and genotype–environment interaction (GxE) are key to those debates, and their complex histories have imbued them with assumptions and meanings that are consequential but often opaque. This special section explores the diverse ways in which organismal adaptability has been conceptualized and investigated in the second half of the 20th century, and the multifarious political, economic, environmental, and intellectual contexts in which those conceptions have emerged and evolved. The papers in this section bring together perspectives from the histories of agriculture, population ecology, evolutionary theory, and plant physiology, cutting across Asian, North American, and British contexts. As a whole, this section highlights not only the diversity of meanings of “adaptability” and “plasticity,” but also the complex linkages between those meanings, the scientific practices and technologies in which they are embedded, and the ends toward which those practices and technologies are employed.
Fractionation of dissolved organic carbon in soil water: Effects of extraction and storage methods

Abstract We measured the concentration and composition (sensu Leenheer, 1981) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in lysimeter solutions from the forest floor of a spruce stand in Maine and in laboratory extracts of organic (Oa horizon) and mineral soils collected from various forests in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. All soils were acid Spodosols developed from glacial till. The effects of different storage, extraction and filtration methods were compared. Extracts from Oa horizons stored fresh at 3°C contained a larger fraction of hydrophobic neutrals than lysimeter forest floor solutions (31 and 4% of DOC in stored and lysimeter solutions, respectively), whereas extracts from Oa horizons which had been extracted, incubated at 10–15°C, and extracted again had DOC compositions similar to that in lysimeter solutions. Mechanical vacuum and batch extractions of Oa horizons yielded DOC similar in concentration and composition if the extracts were filtered through glass fiber filters. Nylon membrane filters...
Approximations of Antieigenvalue and Antieigenvalue-Type Quantities

We will extend the definition of antieigenvalue of an operator to antieigenvalue-type quantities, in the first section of this paper, in such a way that the relations between antieigenvalue-type quantities and their corresponding Kantorovich-type inequalities are analogous to those of antieigenvalue and Kantorovich inequality. In the second section, we approximate several antieigenvalue-type quantities for arbitrary accretive operators. Each antieigenvalue-type quantity is approximated in terms of the same quantity for normal matrices. In particular, we show that for an arbitrary accretive operator, each antieigenvalue-type quantity is the limit of the same quantity for a sequence of finite-dimensional normal matrices.
Influence of Ostwald Ripening on Rheology of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Containing Electrostatically Stabilized Droplets

The influence of droplet size and Ostwald ripening on the dynamic shear rheology of 25 wt % hydrocarbon oil-in-water emulsions containing small droplets (75 to 100 nm) stabilized by sodium dodecyl ...
Bounding reflection length in an affine Coxeter group

In any Coxeter group, the conjugates of elements in the standard minimal generating set are called reflections, and the minimal number of reflections needed to factor a particular element is called its reflection length. In this article we prove that the reflection length function on an affine Coxeter group has a uniform upper bound. More precisely, we prove that the reflection length function on an affine Coxeter group that naturally acts faithfully and cocompactly on ? n is bounded above by 2n, and we also show that this bound is optimal. Conjecturally, spherical and affine Coxeter groups are the only Coxeter groups with a uniform bound on reflection length.
The role of curiosity in smoking initiation.

Abstract Context Although advertising theories have long viewed curiosity as an intermediate goal to encouraging consumption of a product among previous nonusers, this variable is rarely discussed in psychological theories and its role in smoking uptake has not been addressed adequately. Design and setting Using a longitudinal design, in 1999, we reinterviewed 12- to 15-year-old adolescent never smokers (N=2119; 970 committed never smokers, 1199 susceptible never smokers) 3 years after they responded to a population survey on tobacco use in California. Results Logistic regression showed curiosity and susceptibility to smoke were independently associated with increased future smoking in all never smokers. Committed never smokers reporting curiosity were more likely to become susceptible by follow-up than those not curious. A multivariate analysis of committed never smokers from the cross-sectional survey identified best friends who smoke and receptivity to tobacco advertising and promotions as associated with curiosity. Conclusions Curiosity may be a critical precursor to smoking. Future research on smoking initiation should examine curiosity and investigate factors influencing it.
Vowels in consonantal context are perceived more linguistically than are isolated vowels: Evidence from an individual differences scaling study

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the presence of neighboring consonants can exert a contextual influence on vowel perception and, if so, to characterize the influence. Two experiments were carried out toward that end. In both, subjects were asked to judge the linguistic similarity relationships that held among a set of American English vowels when those vowels occurred either: (1) in isolation, or (2) in /dVd/ consonantal context. In Experiment 1, the judgments were made in response to recordings of natural speech. In Experiment 2, they were made for subjects’ memorial images of vowels as elicited by written stimuli. Individual differences scaling of the outcomes of the two experiments provided evidence that supported the following conclusions: (1) Consonantal context can significantly influence vowel perception; (2) for the /dVd/ context at least, the nature of the influence is to evoke more linguistic perceptual processing of vowels than occurs when they are presented in isolation; (3) the influence is more likely to be explained in terms of properties of the stimuli presented to perceivers than in terms of any sort of knowledge that perceivers bring to bear in perceptual processing; and (4) three features of linguistic description for vowels—advancement, height, and tenseness—have particular import for vowel perception and for vowel memory.
Pulling the old slides : a look back to the present and future

“What should we do now?” As a cytopathologist, I will often pose this question to residents sitting across the microscope from me after we have reviewed the slides from a fine-needle aspiration biopsy and made a preliminary diagnosis of metastatic cancer. When the response is a shrug of the shoulder and a blank look—particularly if the residents are senior—I feel a twinge of dismay, for the silence seems to reflect poorly on their mentors as well as the trainees. The answer that I hope to hear is, “Let's pull the old slides”—that is, retrieve from the files the glass slides containing the primary tumor and compare the archived neoplasm to the current one. When I do hear it, it resonates, for it has long seemed to me that the practice is indicative of concern for the individual patient. I am now about a generation removed from my residency training. Yet, I can distinctly recall that, in the course of previewing cases and preparing for sign-out with an attending the next morning, my colleagues and I would, at night, routinely walk across the hall from the residents' room to the file room and “pull” relevant “old” slides of patients for whom we had “new” slides to review. Are pathology faculty failing to teach a new generation to take a brief walk on behalf of patients? Have new technologies and changing patterns of pathology practice rendered the exercise of “pulling the old slides” less useful or practical? I wish briefly to explore these questions and related issues here. I propose that an examination of the ostensibly simple matter of review of “old glass” provides a useful window for looking at past, current, and future pathology practice.
Composite Polymer/Oxide Hollow Fiber Contactors: Versatile and Scalable Flow Reactors for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions in Organic Synthesis†

Flexible composite polymer/oxide hollow fibers are used as flow reactors for heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in organic synthesis. The fiber synthesis allows for a variety of supported catalysts to be embedded in the walls of the fibers, thus leading to a diverse set of reactions that can be catalyzed in flow. Additionally, the fiber synthesis is scalable (e.g. several reactor beds containing many fibers in a module may be used) and thus they could potentially be used for the large-scale production of organic compounds. Incorporating heterogeneous catalysts in the walls of the fibers presents an alternative to a traditional packed-bed reactor and avoids large pressure drops, which is a crucial challenge when employing microreactors.
Sustainable energy management and quality process models based on ISO 50001:2011 the International Energy Management Standard

Sustainable energy management and related green engineering design and manufacturing processes are affecting every aspect of our lives. Sustainable energy management, product and process engineering, green, lean and quality design, manufacturing / system energy management rules and principles are offered with a focus on the new ISO 50001:2011 International Energy Management Standard.
A battery of smoking guns (for the NFL-interlayer theory of high Tc cuprates)☆

Abstract After giving an introductory summary of the Luttinger Liquid-Interlayer Tunneling theory of High T c , I shall describe a sequence of experiments and interpretations which range from conclusive and crucial to strongly indicative for the interlayer tunneling mechanism and its underlying basis, that the normal metal in the cuprates is a 2-dimensional non-Fermi liquid. The introductory summary emphasized the clear separation between the mechanism for superconductivity, which depends on the material between CuO 2 layers, and the properties of the individual layers, which form a strictly 2D electron gas. Figure 1 illustrates the lack of correlation between these two aspects. (Revised by N. P. Ong from a figure of B. Batlogg.).
Electric Quadrupole Moment of the Deuteron

Kellogg, Rabi, Ramsey, and Zacharias [1] have pointed out that their observations on the magnetic moments of H2, D2 and HD molecules can be accounted for if the deuteron is assumed to have an electric quadrupole moment of magnitude
Environmental Activism as Collective Action

The literature on environmental activism has failed to produce a model of individual decision making explicitly linked to the logic of collective action. To remedy this problem, this article adapts the collective interest model developed by Finkel, Muller, and Opp to explain protest behavior and argues environmental activism is a function of citizen beliefs about collective benefits, the ability to influence collective outcomes, and the selective costs/benefits of participation. The author tests the hypotheses of the collective interest model using data from a survey of 460 residents of a coastal watershed and national data on 1,606 respondents from the 1993 General Social Survey Environment Battery. The author’s findings corroborate several central propositions of the collective interest model and provide a theoretical account of environmental activism that synthesizes many previous results.
Microfiltration Culture Process for Enhanced Production of rDNA Receptor Cells of Escherichia Coli

A novel microfiltration batch culture process, suitable for scale-up, has been designed, instrumented, and studied with a representative recombinant-DNA receptor strain of Escherichia coli. In this process nutrient medium is fed continuously into an aerated and stirred fermentor, and metabolic products are withdrawn continuously at the same rate by crossflow microfiltration in an external recycle loop, so that product inhibition of cell growth is relieved. The maximum density of cells is increased fivefold more than in the control process, and is limited by acetic and other organic acids accumulating from the aerobic fermentation of excess glucose.
The Allure of the Foreign: Imported Goods In Postcolonlal Latin America

The Allure of the Foreign: Imported Goods In Postcolonlal Latin America. BENJAMIN ORLOVE. ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997. viii. 226 pp., bibliography, contributors, index.
A Theory of Visual Pattern Perception

A theory of visual pattern perception is proposed, which is intended to explain first how patterns are learned or committed to memory, second how these patterns are recognized when subsequently encountered, and third how the patterns are recognized under unfavorable real-world conditions, for example, when they are distorted, enlarged, or rotated, or are viewed along with other patterns in a cluttered and noisy visual field. The essential idea of the theory is that each pattern is represented in memory as a network of memory traces recording the features of the pattern and the attention shifts required to pass from feature to feature across the visual field. These attention shifts may take the form of saccadic eye movements or they may be executed internally, according to the angular displacement involved. Memorizing and recognizing a pattern are thus seen to be closely analogous to memorizing and repeating a conventional sequence of behavior, each being an alternating sequence of sensory and motor activities. From this analogy come certain predictions concerning the presence of scanpaths in eye movements during pattern perception, and one of these predictions has been verified experimentally.
Sheet stretching: A theoretical-experimental comparison

This paper presents numerical solutions of axisymmetric sheet stretching employing an experimentally determined stress-strain curve and measured overall coefficient of friction along the punch-sheet interface. Experiments have been conducted on thin sheet metals such as mild steel, aluminum and brass with a hemispherical steel punch. Predicted values of loads, deflections, strain distributions and other relevant data are favorably compared with experimental values of these same quantities. NOTATION
WE‐A‐M100F‐02: IMRT for H&N Cancer

The purpose of this presentation is to discuss issues in IMRT treatments for head and neck cancers. The main focus will be on the details related to the planning process such as, immbolization, imaging and setup management, treatment planning, and plan evaluation. The conformal nature of IMRTdose distributions requires additional consideration on the degree of immbolization and expected reproducibility of setup. Custom neck molds, masking systems and additional shoulder constraints are required to maximize reproducibility of the head, chin, and clavicals (supraclavicular nodes). Even with these constraints, daily variability can be expected and the treatment plan should account for those effects. Localization tools such as on‐board kV planar imaging and cone‐beam CT can be used daily to aid in localization and patient set‐up. Target and normal tissue segmentation are very important in the planning process and must be considered in detail by the physicist. Various imaging modalities are frequently used. Contrast enhanced CT and MRI‐CT fusion is helpful for primary tumor segmentation. Fused 18FDG PET‐CT images can be used to identify positive neck nodes but lack anatomic definition and are not always useful for defining the primary tumor. Before treatment planning begins, a dialogue with the physician can reduce the number of IMRT plans that are attempted to arrive at the best plan. The conversation with the physician should contain information about dose/volume tolerances of normal tissues and other patient‐specific issues (e.g., previous treatment, chemotherapy, or already compromised tissues). With IMRTtreatment planning there are many more techniques at the physicist's disposal to develop the best treatment plan compared to conventional planning. Evaluating IMRT plans is a determination of tradeoffs. An important principle regarding target coverage is the trade‐off between dose conformity and dose heterogeneity across the target. It is essential to be realistic in the expectations of IMRT and be prepared to accept some dose to critical structures (but keeping them below tolerance) in order to get better target coverage than a conventional plan would provide. Slice‐by‐slice evaluation of isodose coverage for the location and magnitude of hot and cold spots is required during plan evaluation. Before starting treatment, a set‐up verification step is typically helpful, during which the immobilization system and isocenter location are checked. Orthogonal DRR images of the isocenter(s) location can be reproduced by simulator images for better visualization of bony landmarks. Kilovoltage and cone‐beam CTimaging techniques are more prevalent in the treatment room for this purpose. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand issues related to patient immobilization. 2. Identify normal tissues and know their dose/volume constraints. 3. Describe several planning techniques to achieve the best dose distribution.
A comparison of substrate dynamics in human CYP2E1 and CYP2A6

Considering the dynamic nature of CYPs, methods that reveal information about substrate and enzyme dynamics are necessary to generate predictive models. To compare substrate dynamics in CYP2E1 and CYP2A6, intramolecular isotope effect experiments were conducted, using deuterium labeled substrates: o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, and 4,4'-dimethylbiphenyl. Competitive intermolecular experiments were also conducted using d{sub 0}- and d{sub 6}-labeled p-xylene. Both CYP2E1 and CYP2A6 displayed full isotope effect expression for o-xylene oxidation and almost complete suppression for dimethylbiphenyl. Interestingly (k {sub H}/k {sub D}){sub obs} for d{sub 3}-p-xylene oxidation ((k {sub H}/k {sub D}){sub obs} = 6.04 and (k {sub H}/k {sub D}){sub obs} = 5.53 for CYP2E1 and CYP2A6, respectively) was only slightly higher than (k {sub H}/k {sub D}){sub obs} for d{sub 3}-dimethylnaphthalene ((k {sub H}/k {sub D}){sub obs} = 5.50 and (k {sub H}/k {sub D}){sub obs} = 4.96, respectively). One explanation is that in some instances (k {sub H}/k {sub D}){sub obs} values are generated by the presence of two substrates-bound simultaneously to the CYP. Speculatively, if this explanation is valid, then intramolecular isotope effect experiments should be useful in the mechanistic investigation of P450 cooperativity.
3-D Vision System For Obstacle Avoidance

This paper describes a 3-dimensional vision system that utilizes two views of a scene and textural information in determining distances to objects in a scene. The application of the system lies with determining distances to obstacles in mobile robot guidance. The analysis of a scene is performed in two stages. First, orientations of planar textured surfaces in a scene are estimated using textural information in a single image frame. This step determines the relative positions of obstacles located on textured surfaces. In the second step, exact positions of the obstacles are determined using two views of a scene.
Comparative analysis of backpropagation and the extended Kalman filter for training multilayer perceptrons

The relationship between backpropagation and extended Kalman filtering for training multilayer perceptrons is examined. These two techniques are compared theoretically and empirically using sensor imagery. Backpropagation is a technique from neural networks for assigning weights in a multilayer perceptron. An extended Kalman filter can also be used for this purpose. A brief review of the multilayer perceptron and these two training methods is provided. Then, it is shown that backpropagation is a degenerate form of the extended Kalman filter. The training rules are compared in two examples: an image classification problem using laser radar Doppler imagery and a target detection problem using absolute range images. In both examples, the backpropagation training algorithm is shown to be three orders of magnitude less costly than the extended Kalman filter algorithm in terms of a number of floating-point operations. >
Poverty and Income Transfer Policy at the State Level

This note presents a method for developing data on poverty at the state level and applies it to produce estimates of state poverty for the mid-1980s. The findings are based on four alternative measures of poverty: the official one, pretransfer poverty, prewelfare poverty and pre-state-transfer poverty, a new measure especially useful for analyzing the impact of state transfer policies on poverty. The data are reported and then used to compare the antipoverty impact of states’income support policies.
Nuclear Applications of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened and Nano-Featured Alloys: An Introduction

The Nuclear Materials Committee of TMS is sponsoring the current topic in JOM, which is dedicated to a newer generation of materials called oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys and nano-featured alloys (NFA). These newer materials are fabricated by using powder stock materials and processing them through high energy attrition followed by either extrusion or forging. The presence of nano-sized oxides throughout the matrix makes the recrystallized alloy have grains that are smaller than 1 µm diameter. The nano-features in the matrix of ODS or NFA materials make them highly resistant to degradation by irradiation such as void swelling. There are four papers dedicated to ODS and NFA materials, including fabrication, joining and testing.
Is the unified keyboard better

This article reports the results of a small-scale study of novice APL programmers' preferences for the "unified" APL keyboard layout as opposed to the standard APL layout.
Implication of C-Terminal Deletion on the Structure and Stability of Bovine β-casein

Bovine β-casein (β-CN) with its C-terminal truncated by chymosin digestion, β-CN-(f1-192), was examined and characterized using circular dichroism (CD) under various temperature conditions. CONTIN/LL analysis of the CD data revealed significant secondary structure disruption in β-CN-(f1-192) relative to its parent protein,β-CN, in the temperature range (5° to 70°C) studied. Near-UV CD spectra indicated significant temperature dependent structural changes. Analytical ultracentrifugation results showed significant reduction but not complete abolishment of self-association in β-CN-(f1-192) compared to whole β-casein at 2°–37°C. Furthermore, binding experiments with the common hydrophobic probe – 8-anilino-1- naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) illustrated that β-CN-(f1-192) is nearly incapable of binding to ANS relative to whole β-CN, suggesting a nearly complete open overall tertiary structure brought about by the C-terminal truncation. It has been demonstrated clearly that the tail peptide β-CN-(f193-209) is important in maintaining the hydrophobic core of β-CN but the residual association observed argues for a minor role for other sites as well.
High temperature latent heat thermal energy storage using heat pipes

Abstract A thermal network model is developed and used to analyze heat transfer in a high temperature latent heat thermal energy storage unit for solar thermal electricity generation. Specifically, the benefits of inserting multiple heat pipes between a heat transfer fluid and a phase change material (PCM) are of interest. Two storage configurations are considered; one with PCM surrounding a tube that conveys the heat transfer fluid, and the second with the PCM contained within a tube over which the heat transfer fluid flows. Both melting and solidification are simulated. It is demonstrated that adding heat pipes enhances thermal performance, which is quantified in terms of dimensionless heat pipe effectiveness.
Construction of multiduct electrorheological dampers

Electrorheological (ER) fluids exhibit damping and stiffness properties which can be modulated by several orders of magnitude when subjected to strong electric fields. In the case of quasi-steady flow an increase in yield stress (from 0 to 3 kPa) is characteristically observed when the field is applied. Newtonian stresses are relatively unaffected by the electric field. A potential application of ER materials is the damping and isolation of dynamically excited structures. In order to capitalize on the unique properties of ER materials in this application it is desirable that the material be configured in a device in such a way that when the device undergoes characteristic motions, the device forces can be modulated to a significant degree (a factor of 10 or more). Because the range of adjustable forces is closely linked to the ratio of finite field-controllable, and flow-independent yield stresses to uncontrollable, and flow-dependent viscous stresses, it is desirable for controllable ER dampers to operate at low flow rates. In addition to the range of available forces, ER dampers should also perform well in other regards. They should have a short characteristic time, low stored electrical energy, and forces high enough to be effective for the intended application. Because of their low yield stresses, ER materials must flow over large surfaces to generate high forces and maintain a large degree of adaptability. In a cylindrical configuration, this can be accomplished by forming multiple flow paths with a series of concentric annular ducts. These ducts can be connected in parallel to maximize the range of adjustable forces or in series to maximize the absolute force levels. A synergistic result is obtained when groups of ducts are interconnected in parallel and in series within a single device. This paper presents the details of a realization of a new design paradigm for dampers which incorporates these issues. The ER damper features multiple concentric electrodes which are electrically in parallel, but may be hydraulically inter-connected through multiple paths. The number of possible interconnections of N concentric ducts is 2(N-1). Each configuration has distinctly different properties. The design of three ER dampers that span a range of performance criteria is presented in this paper. An analysis of these device configurations is completed in closed form by virtue of a linear approximation to the non-Newtonian ER Poiseuille flow equation. These analyses show that high-force ER devices which require low energy, and respond quickly, are feasible.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Synthesis, Characterization, and1H and71Ga MAS NMR Spectroscopy of a Novel Mg/Ga Double Layered Hydroxide

A new brucite-like layered Mg/Ga double hydroxide (LDH) of composition [Mg0.174Ga0.256(OH)2](CO3)0.134·mH2O was synthesized by coprecipitation at pH 10. The hydroxide and the mixed oxides resulting from its thermal decomposition at 523, 823 and 1073 K were characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis. The surface properties of the solid (specific surface) and its basicity were also determined. The Mg/Ga LDH was found to be stable up to 523K and to decompose into a mixture of periclase MgO and amorphous Ga2O3at 823 K. Its changes with temperature were monitored by using1H and71Ga MAS NMR;1H MAS NMR spectra revealed the loss of interlayer OH groups supporting the brucite-like structure on calcination at 823K.
Common Acquired and Atypical/Dysplastic Melanocytic Nevi

First, a word on nomenclature: the term “nevus” is a long-entrenched noun in dermatological practice that most often denotes what in common parlance is referred to as “mole.” Although “nevus” also is used in a separate context as a synonym for hamartoma to refer to certain developmentally governed malformations of embryological anlage, usage governs grammar, and in the context of melanocytes, it is applied to the localized aggregation of those cells as benign neuroectodermal proliferations and/or neoplasms. Because nevi serve no normal physiological function, so far as we know, they can be considered localized abnormalities of melanocytes. Of practical import is the observation across many data sets that total numbers of nevi constitute a major, if not the major, phenotypic risk indicator for all types of melanoma [1, 2]. Common acquired and atypical/dysplastic melanocytic nevi of the skin are the subject of this chapter.
Adaptive disturbance-accommodation

The current theory of disturbance-accommodation control (DAC) does not allow for disturbances that may unpredictably change their dynamic characteristics in real-time. In this paper, a new version of DAC theory, called adaptive disturbance-accommodating control (ADAC), is developed for a broad class of uncertain disturbances that may change their dynamic characteristics unpredictably in real-time. This new ADAC theory makes it possible to solve some important industrial control problems that have defied solution by all conventional design theories. >
Accumulated damage and failure of finite-width composite laminates

The effect of accumulated damage and damage modes on the response of finite-width laminates was studied. Both experiments and analysis were conducted. Experiments with extensive X-radiographs were used to characterize damage mechanism and failure modes in composites. Four basic internal damage modes (matrix cracking, matrix-crack-induced microcracks, matrix-crack-induced delamination, and fiber breakage) were observed in the failure of laminates under tension. Free-edge-induced delamination was also frequently observed. Based on the experimental observations, a unit cell analysis was developed for predicting the response of composite laminates resulting from the internal damage. Unit cell analysis taking into account the four damage modes estimates the effective stiffness and the internal damage state of the laminate at a given stress state. A simple delamination model was adopted and modified to predict angle ply-induced free-edge delamination growth. The unit cell analysis was integrated with the edge-delamination model to predict the response and strength of finite-width laminates under tension. The effect of stack sequence, ply thickness, and free edge on the strength and response of laminates can be predicted by the analysis. (Author)
The sexual dimorphic association of cardiorespiratory fitness to working memory in children

The present investigation examined the sexual dimorphic patterns of cardiorespiratory fitness to working memory in preadolescent children (age range: 7.7-10.9). Data were collected in three separate studies (Study 1: n = 97, 42 females; Study 2: n = 95, 45 females; Study 3: n = 84, 37 females). All participants completed a cardiorespiratory fitness assessment in addition to a specific measure of working memory (i.e. the operation span task, the n-back task, or the Sternberg task). Results from all three samples revealed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels were associated with better working memory performance only for males with no such relation observed for females. In addition, the sexually dimorphic pattern was selective for the most challenging working memory conditions in each task. Together, these findings reveal new evidence that cardiorespiratory fitness is selectively related to better working memory performance for male children. This investigation provides additional insight into how interventions aimed at improving fitness may influence cognitive development differentially among preadolescent children.
A Novel Hybrid Approach to Automated Negation Detection in Clinical Radiology Reports

Objective: Negation is common in clinical documents and is an important source of poor precision in automated indexing systems. Previous research has shown that negated terms may be difficult to identify if the words implying negations (negation signals) are more than a few words away from them. We describe a novel hybrid approach, combining regular expression matching with grammatical parsing, to address the above limitation in automatically detecting negations in clinical radiology reports. Design: Negations are classified based upon the syntactical categories of negation signals, and negation patterns, using regular expression matching. Negated terms are then located in parse trees using corresponding negation grammar. Measurements: A classification of negations and their corresponding syntactical and lexical patterns were developed through manual inspection of 30 radiology reports and validated on a set of 470 radiology reports. Another 120 radiology reports were randomly selected as the test set on which a modified Delphi design was used by four physicians to construct the gold standard. Results: In the test set of 120 reports, there were a total of 2,976 noun phrases, of which 287 were correctly identified as negated (true positives), along with 23 undetected true negations (false negatives) and 4 mistaken negations (false positives). The hybrid approach identified negated phrases with sensitivity of 92.6% (95% CI 90.9- 93.4%), positive predictive value of 98.6% (95% CI 96.9-99.4%), and specificity of 99.87% (95% CI 99.7-99.9%). Conclusion: This novel hybrid approach can accurately locate negated concepts in clinical radiology reports not only when in close proximity to, but also at a distance from, negation signals.
Assessment of the effect of a commercial formulation of Methomyl on reproduction of Daphnia obtusa Kürz (1874)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial formulation of Methomyl on the reproduction in Daphnia obtusa. Neonates (<24 h) were exposed to concentrations of insecticide (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 µg L -1 ) for a period of 21 days. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of molts, total neonates, fertility and sex ratio index. Significant regressions were found between reproductive parameters and concentrations of the insecticide: molts (R 2 = 0.96), fertility (R 2 = 0.97), number of female neonates born per female (R 2 = 0.90), and the number of male neonates born per female (R 2 = 0.94). Embryotoxicity was also observed; the number of neonates born with malformations increased in the highest concentrations of Methomyl 90 SP® tested. In conclusion, Methomyl 90 SP® inhibits reproduction of D. obtusa. However, a clear effect as an endocrine disrupter was not observed. This insecticide is embryotoxic; it causes malformations in neonates of Daphnia obtusa.
Isostables, isochrons, and Koopman spectrum for the action-angle representation of stable fixed point dynamics

Abstract For asymptotically periodic systems, a powerful (phase) reduction of the dynamics is obtained by computing the so-called isochrons, i.e. the sets of points that converge toward the same trajectory on the limit cycle. Motivated by the analysis of excitable systems, a similar reduction has been attempted for non-periodic systems admitting a stable fixed point. In this case, the isochrons can still be defined but they do not capture the asymptotic behavior of the trajectories. Instead, the sets of interest–that we call “isostables”–are defined in the literature as the sets of points that converge toward the same trajectory on a stable slow manifold of the fixed point. However, it turns out that this definition of the isostables holds only for systems with slow–fast dynamics. Also, efficient methods for computing the isostables are missing. The present paper provides a general framework for the definition and the computation of the isostables of stable fixed points, which is based on the spectral properties of the so-called Koopman operator. More precisely, the isostables are defined as the level sets of a particular eigenfunction of the Koopman operator. Through this approach, the isostables are unique and well-defined objects related to the asymptotic properties of the system. Also, the framework reveals that the isostables and the isochrons are two different but complementary notions which define a set of action–angle coordinates for the dynamics. In addition, an efficient algorithm for computing the isostables is obtained, which relies on the evaluation of Laplace averages along the trajectories. The method is illustrated with the excitable FitzHugh–Nagumo model and with the Lorenz model. Finally, we discuss how these methods based on the Koopman operator framework relate to the global linearization of the system and to the derivation of special Lyapunov functions.
Urticaria mimickers in children.

Acute urticaria is a self-limited cutaneous condition marked by transient, erythematous, and pruritic wheals. It is a hypersensitivity response that is often secondary to infection, medications, or food allergies in children. In contrast, the urticarial "mimickers" described in this review article are often seen in the context of fever and extracutaneous manifestations in pediatric patients. The differential diagnosis ranges from benign and self-limited hypersensitivity responses to multisystem inflammatory diseases. Establishing the correct diagnosis of an urticarial rash in a pediatric patient is necessary to both prevent an unnecessary work up for self-limited conditions and to appropriately recognize and evaluate multisystem inflammatory disorders. Herein, we describe two cases to illustrate the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, histopathology and differential diagnoses for several mimickers of acute urticaria including: urticaria multiforme, serum sickness like reaction, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes, and urticarial vasculitis.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: ACCELERATED PUBLICATION: Diode characteristics in state‐of‐the‐art ZnO/CdS/Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 solar cells

We report a new state of the art in thin-film polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells with the attainment of energy conversion efficiencies of 19·5%. An analysis of the performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells in terms of some absorber properties and other derived diode parameters is presented. The analysis reveals that the highest-performance cells can be associated with absorber bandgap values of ∼1·14 eV, resulting in devices with the lowest values of diode saturation current density (∼3×10−8 mA/cm2) and diode quality factors in the range 1·30 1;20% in thin-film polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Published in 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Monster Within: Countertransference Reflections on a Gay Adolescent’s Struggle with Sexual Identity

This paper concerns the author’s countertransference reflections on her work with a gay adolescent who identifies with powerfully destructive internal objects, including Hitler and the Monster. The author describes her countertransference inquiry through which she experiences her own potential destructiveness in order to help accommodate her adolescent patient’s rejected and disowned self states.