cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ta3SBr7—A New Structure Type in theM3QX7Family (M=Nb, Ta;Q=S, Se, Te;X=Cl, Br, I)

Abstract The layered compound Ta3SBr7has been prepared by direct reaction of the elements at 550°C for 2 weeks in evacuated Pyrex ampules, and its structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ta3SBr7crystallizes with monoclinic symmetry in space groupCm;a=12.249(2) A,b=7.071(2) A,c=8.829(2) A,β=134.421(8)°,V=546.16(23) A3,Z=2,R=0.027,R=0.032. The structure, related to the Cd(OH)2type, consists of triangular tantalum clusters located between every other layer of a closed-packed mixed S/SBr ordered anion framework. The slightly distorted, quasi-infinite2∞[Ta3SBr7] slabs stack parallel to the crystallographicabplane in a new variant, with each successive2∞[Ta3SBr7] slab related by a 1/2b+c stacking vector. This stacking mode is the sixth layered structure type observed in theM3QX7system. Ta3SBr7represents the first Ta3QX7compound discovered that is not isostructural with its niobium counterpart and is the second of the two one-slab per unit cell stacking types possible in theM3QX7system Nb3SBr7being the other. Synthesis, structural characterization, and lattice energy calculations of Ta3SBr7and related compounds are reported.
The relationship of male self‐report of rape supportive attitudes, sexual fantasy, social desirability and physiological arousal to sexually coercive stimuli

Studies have supported the finding that sexually coercive behavior exists between males and females on college campuses and that when women say "no" to sexual behavior, men do not believe them. This study utilized penile plethysmography to investigate male sexual arousal to rape myth scenarios in a college population. The scenarios portrayed a woman who said "no" to sexually coercive intercourse behavior by a male. Results indicated that a low level of social desirability, sexual fantasies involving group sexual activity, as well as hurting and being hurt by a partner were associated with greater levels of physiological responding to coercive stimuli. Supportive attitudes about rape showed no relationship with physiological responding, yet did correlate with the sexual fantasy of being hurt by a partner, which was itself related to increased sexual arousal to sexually coercive audio stimuli.
The Influence of Feed and Water Restriction and Pitressin Administration Upon Thyroxine Secretion in Domestic Fowl

Abstract IT HAS been shown that in the domestic fowl the amount of water consumed per unit of body weight decreases with age (Medway and Kare, 1957; Joiner and Huston, 1957). The percent of water retained within the body has also been found to be higher in young chickens than in adults (Medway and Kare, 1959). Kellerup et al. (1965) restricted the water consumption of broiler chicks to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the amount consumer by those given water ad libitum. They reported that body weight and feed consumption decreased with each increment of water restriction. Considerable evidence indicates that in rats and rabbits, the release of ACTH during these types of stress is triggered by an increase in concentration of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released from the posterior pituitary (Saffran et al., 1955; Guillemin and Hearn, 1955; Mirsky et al., 1954; and Rumsfeld and Porter, 1962). However, . . .
Clonidine treatment of neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome.

Abstract Clonidine hydrochloride, an α 2 -adrenergic agonist, was used to treat seven infants who were passively addicted to narcotics because of maternal methadone maintenance. In six of seven infants, the major symptoms of narcotic withdrawal were ameliorated after a total daily oral dose of 3–4 μg/kg/day was achieved. One infant failed to respond. No toxic side effects of clonidine were observed at the dosage level used. The results of this pilot study suggest that clonidine may be a safe therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome (NNAS). Clonidine treatment of NNAS remains strictly investigational at this time. The relative efficacy and safety of clonidine versus other currently used drug regimens for NNAS also remains to be determined.
Collective Transport by Multiple Molecular Motors

Kinesin is a processive molecular motor that transports various cellular cargoes by converting chemical energy into mechanical movements. Although the motion of a single molecule has been characterized in several studies, the dynamics of collective transports remains unresolved. Since the fluctuating load acting on each motor is an important factor in the collective transport, the relation between the varying force and the chemical reaction of kinesin is considered using a stochastic mechanistic model. Several metrics are developed to measure the correlation among the motion of the motors, the force distribution, and the power loss. It is shown that both large external load and stiff cargo linkers cause highly correlated motions of motors. However, these correlated motions do not lead to faster collective transport.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Synthesis, characterization, and computational study of N,N′-bis (2′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-1.4-quinonediimine, a hydroxyl-capped three-ring quinonediimine with sterically hindered substituent on outer rings

Abstract Density functional calculations were performed on N,N ′-bis (2′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-1.4-quinonediimine, a hydroxyl-terminated quinonediimine with an additional meta-hydroxyl substituent on each outer ring. Results of the calculations were compared to experimental properties of the herein synthesized compound. The calculated LUMO levels for isomers of the title compound range from −2.764 to −3.279 eV. The calculated electron affinities range from 1.398 to 1.989 eV. Both the LUMO levels and electron affinities are greatest in magnitude for the syn, anti isomer. The HOMO levels, on the other hand, range from −5.383 eV (for the anti, anti isomer) to −5.541 eV (syn, anti). The predicted electronic transitions for the molecule in ethanol solvent correspond closely to those seen at 580 and 254 nm. The isomers vary widely in energy, leading to a marked preference for the syn, syn (outer) isomer – a direct result of the steric effect of the hydroxyl group at the 2′ position.
LXV.—Descriptions and records of bees.—CIII

(1924). LXV.—Descriptions and records of bees.—CIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 14, No. 84, pp. 577-585.
Time constraints in consumption and savings behavior

Abstract This paper investigates the implications for savings behavior of time constraints in consumption in a simple life-cycle model, and finds that some standard results in the literature on savings and taxation need to be modified.
Cervical injury in head trauma

Abstract Criteria for excluding cervical spine injury in patients who have sustained blunt head or neck trauma were prospectively studied at four hospitals in the Chicago area. The authors attempted to define a subset of these adult patients who, based on clinical criteria, could reliably be excluded from cervical spine radiography, thus avoiding unnecessary radiation and saving considerable time and money in their evaluation. Patients fell into four groups: (1) patients who were awake, alert, and had no complaint of neck pain or tenderness on physical examination: (2) patients who were awake, alert, but had complaint of neck pain or tenderness on physical examination laterally over the trapezius muscle only: (3) patients who were awake, alert, but had complaint of central neck pain or tenderness on physical examination over the cervical spine or center of the neck; and (4) patients who were not fully awake or alert, were clinically intoxicated, had other painful or distracting injuries, or had focal neurologic findings. Patients in group 4 had significantly more fractures (21/387) when compared with all other patients (7/478). Patients with central neck pain or tenderness (group 3) had significantly more fractures ( 7 237 ) than patients without pain or tenderness or with these findings limited to the trapezius area (0/236). It is clear that patients who have altered mental status, abnormal examination findings, distracting injury, or pain or tenderness over the cervical spine must have cervical spine radiographs. In a patient who is awake, alert, has normal physical examination findings, is undistracted by other painful injuries, and has no pain or tenderness in the neck or these findings are limited to the trapezius area, there is less than 1% chance of a cervical spine fracture, with a 90% confidence limit. Our data strongly suggest we can modify our use of cervical spine radiographs in patients sustaining blunt head trauma without subjecting patients to undue risk.
Facilitating neural dynamics for delay compensation and prediction in evolutionary neural networks

Delay in the nervous system is a serious issue for an organism that needs to act in real time. For example, during the time a signal travels from a peripheral sensor to the central nervous system, a moving object in the environment can cover a significant distance which can lead to critical errors in the effect of the corresponding motor output. This paper proposes that facilitating synapses which show a dynamic sensitivity to the changing input may play an important role in compensating for neural delays, through extrapolation. The idea was tested in a modified 2D pole-balancing problem which included sensory delays. Within this domain, we tested the behavior of recurrent neural networks with facilitatory neural dynamics trained via neuroevolution. Analysis of the performance and the evolved network parameters showed that, under various forms of delay, networks utilizing extrapolatory dynamics are at a significant competitive advantage compared to networks without such dynamics. In sum, facilitatory (or extrapolatory) dynamics can be used to compensate for delay at a single-neuron level, thus allowing a developing nervous system to stay in touch with the present environmental state.
The effect of carbonated beverages on ipecac-induced emesis

To determine the effect of carbonated beverages on syrup of ipecac, 24 pediatric patients were randomly administered six ounces of water or a carbonated beverage with syrup of ipecac. Changes in the abdominal girth, the volume of emesis, and time of emesis were monitored in all patients. In the carbonated beverage group a significant difference ( P
User guided audio selection from complex sound mixtures

In this paper we present a novel interface for selecting sounds in audio mixtures. Traditional interfaces in audio editors provide a graphical representation of sounds which is either a waveform, or some variation of a time/frequency transform. Although with these representations a user might be able to visually identify elements of sounds in a mixture, they do not facilitate object-specific editing (e.g. selecting only the voice of a singer in a song). This interface uses audio guidance from a user in order to select a target sound within a mixture. The user is asked to vocalize (or otherwise sonically represent) the desired target sound, and an automatic process identifies and isolates the elements of the mixture that best relate to the user's input. This way of pointing to specific parts of an audio stream allows a user to perform audio selections which would have been infeasible otherwise.
The Effects of Insulator Surface-Ion Migration on MOS and Bipolar Integrated Circuits

The effects of mobile ions at insulator surfaces on integrated circuits are reviewed. The published literature is reviewed and recent experimental results are presented. Recent data are given on inversion voltages and surface recombination velocities both in regions under aluminum metal and in regions not covered by metal. Other data include measurements of surface conductivity on different types of surfaces, and a demonstration of the existence of mobile ions at an interface between two insulator layers. Techniques are described for minimizing surface-ion effects on integrated circuits.
Separating favorable from unfavorable prognostic markers in breast cancer: the role of E-cadherin

Distant metastases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in women with breast cancer. The ability to predict the metastatic proclivity is essential in choosing the optimal treatment. Tumor size and grade, which are frequently used markers in node-negative breast cancer patients, are inadequate markers for prognosis and individualized treatment design. The steps in metastatic progression include angiogenesis, invasion, and changes in adhesion characteristics. We developed a strategy for choosing biomarkers representing these steps in malignant progression to identify patients with occult metastases who will need chemotherapy and spare those women whose tumors have not developed the capacity to spread. To evaluate the added significance of E-cadherin to that of nm23-H1 and angiogenesis in determining metastatic proclivity, we used archival material from 168 node-negative breast cancer patients who were treated with mastectomy without any adjuvant chemotherapy or hormone therapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect E-cadherin and nm23-H1 expression, whereas angiogenesis was determined by microvessel count (MVC) after immunohistochemical staining. The median follow-up is 14 years. We found that E-cadherin is better in identifying the poor prognosis patients. The 14-year disease-free survival (DFS) is 84%, 80%, and 56% in patients with high, intermediate, and low E-cadherin. The worst prognosis group using nm23-H1 and MVC as biomarkers has a 14-year DFS of 62%. In this group, if E-cadherin is low, the 14-year DFS is further decreased to 44%. Nm23-H1 and MVC are better in identifying the good prognosis patients. The long-term DFS is >90% if MVC is low or if nm23-H1 is high. Multivariate analysis shows that E-cadherin, nm23-H1, and MVC are more significant prognostic biomarkers than tumor size or grade. Loss of E-cadherin appears to be a latter step in the metastatic progression compared to angiogenesis and the loss of nm23-H1 expression.
Determining cell shape: adaptive regulation of cyanobacterial cellular differentiation and morphology

Similar to other bacteria, cyanobacteria exist in a wide-ranging diversity of shapes and sizes. However, three general shapes are observed most frequently: spherical, rod and spiral. Bacteria can also grow as filaments of cells. Some filamentous cyanobacteria have differentiated cell types that exhibit distinct morphologies: motile hormogonia, nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, and spore-like akinetes. Cyanobacterial cell shapes, which are largely controlled by the cell wall, can be regulated by developmental and/or environmental cues, although the mechanisms of regulation and the selective advantage(s) of regulating cellular shape are still being elucidated. In this review, recent insights into developmental and environmental regulation of cell shape in cyanobacteria and the relationship(s) of cell shape and differentiation to organismal fitness are discussed.
Performance of receivers with linear detectors

The false-alarm and detection probabilities of a receiver summing M independent outputs of a linear detector are calculated by numerical saddlepoint integration. The saddlepoint approximation is also considered. Both constant-amplitude and Rayleigh-fading signals are treated, and the relative efficiency of the quadratic and the linear detectors for these is calculated for a broad range of values of M. The numerical integration method is the more efficient, the smaller the false-alarm probability or the false-dismissal probability, that is, under just those conditions for which the terms in the Gram-Charlier series oscillate most violently and the series becomes least reliable. The simpler saddlepoint approximation yields values that in those same regions have been found close enough to the exact probabilities to be adequate for most engineering purposes. The larger the number M of samples, the more efficient methods are. >
Molecular Events in the Growth Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis by d-Tyrosine

The transformable strain of Bacillus subtilis strain 168 is extremely susceptible to growth inhibition by d-tyrosine. The molecular events associated with the inhibition of growth by d-tyrosine in this strain include the false feedback inhibition and probably the false repression of prephenate dehydrogenase. These effects were found to contribute to the formation of d-tyrosine-containing proteins by decreasing the intracellular concentration of l-tyrosine. Accordingly, growth inhibition of strain 168 by the d isomer of tyrosine was shown to be progressive, enduring, and delayed by prior growth on l-tyrosine. The synthesis of cellular macromolecules and viable cell count were progressively diminished in d-tyrosine-inhibited cultures. Several different enzyme activities were reduced after growth in the presence of d-tyrosine. Isotopic d-tyrosine was incorporated into cellular proteins without change of optical configuration. Long chains of cells with completed septa were observed microscopically, and therefore some cell wall effect may also be implicated. Images
HSF-1 Regulators DDL-1/2 Link Insulin-like Signaling to Heat-Shock Responses and Modulation of Longevity

Extended longevity is often correlated with increased resistance against various stressors. Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) is known to have a conserved role in aging and cellular mechanisms against stress. In C. elegans, genetic studies suggest that heat-shock transcription factor HSF-1 is required for IIS to modulate longevity. Here, we report that the activity of HSF-1 is regulated by IIS. This regulation occurs at an early step of HSF-1 activation via two HSF-1 regulators, DDL-1 and DDL-2. Inhibition of DDL-1/2 increases longevity and thermotolerance in an hsf-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, biochemical analyses suggest that DDL-1/2 negatively regulate HSF-1 activity by forming a protein complex with HSF-1. The formation of this complex (DHIC) is affected by the phosphorylation status of DDL-1. Both the formation of DHIC and the phosphorylation of DDL-1 are controlled by IIS. Our findings point to DDL-1/2 as a link between IIS and the HSF-1 pathway.
The stability of EuO films doped with iron and europium

The feasibility of a low-temperature beam-addressable memory utilizing EuO films doped with iron and excess europium as the storage medium is dependent upon the chemical stability of the divalent state of europium. The stability of such EuO films covered with a protective layer of Eu 2 O 3 has been examined as a function of temperature in various oxidizing atmospheres. The degradation of the films was monitored by measuring optical absorption and transmission, Faraday rotation, coercive force, hysteresis loop squareness, Curie temperature, and lattice constant as the films were progressively aged. The results show that these protected EuO films are stable even in oxidizing atmospheres and at high temperatures relative to the operating temperatures which would be required for a beam-addressable file based on this material.
Glaucoma Discrimination of Segmented Cirrus Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) Macular Scans

Aims To evaluate the glaucoma discriminating ability of macular retinal layers as measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods Healthy, glaucoma suspect and glaucomatous subjects had a comprehensive ocular examination, visual field testing and SD-OCT imaging (Cirrus HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) in the macular and optic nerve head regions. OCT macular scans were segmented into macular nerve fibre layer (mNFL), ganglion cell layer with inner plexiform layer (GCIP), ganglion cell complex (GCC) (composed of mNFL and GCIP), outer retinal complex and total retina. Glaucoma discriminating ability was assessed using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) for all macular parameters and mean circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL). Results Analysis was performed on 51 healthy, 49 glaucoma suspect and 63 glaucomatous eyes. The median visual field MD was −2.21 dB (IQR: −6.92 to −0.35) for the glaucoma group, −0.32 dB (IQR: −1.22 to 0.73) for the suspect group and −0.18 dB (IQR: −0.92 to 0.71) for the healthy group. Highest age adjusted AUCs were found for average GCC and GCIP (AUC=0.901 and 0.900, respectively) and their sectoral measurements: infero-temporal (0.922 and 0.913), inferior (0.904 and 0.912) and supero-temporal (0.910 and 0.897). These values were similar to the discriminating ability of the mean cpRNFL (AUC=0.913). Comparison of these AUCs did not yield any statistically significant difference (all p>0.05). Conclusions SD-OCT GCIP and GCC measurements showed similar glaucoma diagnostic ability and were comparable with that of cpRNFL.
Treatment effects of 5% myristyl nicotinate on the integrity of the stratum corneum in atopic patients

TREATMENT EFFECTS OF 5% MYRISTYL NICOTINATE ON THE INTEGRITY OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM IN ATOPIC PATIENTS Myron K Jacobson, PhD, University of Arizona & Niadyne, Inc, Tucson, AZ, United States, Elaine Jacobson, PhD, University of Arizona & Niadyne, Inc, Tucson, AZ, United States, Hyuntae Kim, PhD, University of Arizona & Niadyne, Inc, Tucson, AZ, United States, Moonsun Kim, PhD, University of Arizona & Niadyne, Inc, Tucson, AZ, United States
Polyspectra-based, blind, MMSE, fractionally-spaced equalization of a cyclostationary signal

Two weaknesses of polyspectra-based blind equalization are addressed. The first weakness involves a zero-forcing (ZF) characteristic, where intersymbol interference is eliminated with disregard for associated mean squared error (MSE). It is shown that a minimum-MSE (MMSE) constraint can be added for signals operating in colored Gaussian noise, with only a small increase in computational complexity and with performance enhancement under certain scenarios. The second weakness involves the constraint that the signal be stationary, which fails to exploit the cyclostationary features of most communication signals (W. A. Gardner). In particular, it is shown that polyspectra-based techniques can be used with a fractionally-spaced equalizer, with attendant performance boosts in timing insensitivity (S. H. Qureshi, 1985) and damaged-spectrum restoration (W. A. Gardner, 1991). The technique decomposes the signal into stationary streams, computing the individual and joint statistics of the partitions, and then solves the optimal Wiener equation. >
Matthew Holden Jr.: Between Theory and Practice

Matthew Holden is a man who stands astride what, in the late twentieth century, are often thought to be contradictions. He has been, at different times in his life, both a serious, theoretically informed scholar and public official. Insistent upon the centrality to politics of the exercise of power and the maintenance of order, he is at the same time a serious, believing Christian. A modern, behaviorally driven political scientist, he is also a student of history, both of politics and the discipline itself. Finally, while he has done cuttingedge work on race in the American political order, he is also insistent upon placing this problem within the universal questions of politics. It is the unique characteristic of the man who we honor this year as the president of the American Political Science Association that, in his skillful and rigorous hands, these seeming contradictions do not seem like contradictions at all.
Too many ventilator modes

Clinicians responsible for ventilator care are often perplexed by the number of modes available on modern critical care ventilators. Modes that seem identical perform differently, different modes perform identically, and seemingly identical modes can differ under certain conditions.[1][1] Even the
Investigation of Essential Oils as Antibiotics

Many biology students are drawn to medically oriented topics. This lab activity engages students with medical interests in botany. I find that students are interested in how plants can have medical applications, for example in pharmaceuticals. Several volatile oils of plants, such as thyme, oregano, tea tree, and black pepper oils, have been found to have antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral properties. To further their interest in the plant kingdom, teachers can have students test a variety of essential oils for effectiveness as antibiotics. This activity requires only minimal microbiology technique and is appropriate for high school through introductory college biology and botany courses.
Immunogenic Display of Diverse Peptides on Virus-like Particles of RNA Phage MS2

The high level of immunogenicity of peptides displayed in dense repetitive arrays on virus-like particles makes recombinant VLPs promising vaccine carriers. Here, we describe a platform for vaccine development based on the VLPs of RNA bacteriophage MS2. It serves for the engineered display of specific peptide sequences, but will also allow the construction of random peptide libraries from which specific binding activities can be recovered by affinity selection. Peptides representing the V3 loop of HIV gp120 and the ECL2 loop of the HIV coreceptor, CCR5, were inserted into a surface loop of MS2 coat protein. Both insertions disrupted coat VLP assembly, apparently by interfering with protein folding, but these defects were suppressed efficiently by genetically fusing coat protein's two identical polypeptides into a single-chain dimer. The resulting VLPs displayed the V3 and ECL2 peptides on their surfaces where they showed the potent immunogenicity that is the hallmark of VLP-displayed antigens. Experiments with random-sequence peptide libraries show the single-chain dimer to be highly tolerant of six, eight and ten amino acid insertions. MS2 VLPs support the display of a wide diversity of peptides in a highly immunogenic format, and they encapsidate the mRNAs that direct their synthesis, thus establishing the genotype/phenotype linkage necessary for recovery of affinity-selected sequences. The single-chain MS2 VLP therefore unites in a single structural platform the selective power of phage display with the high immunogenicity of VLPs.
Therapeutic Effects of Hallucinogens

This paper reviews some of the evidence indicating that hallucinogens or psychedelic substances have therapeutic effects. The general character hallucinogen use in non- Western societies is briefly reviewed to present data about the characteristic beliefs and uses associated with these substances. Evidence for therapeutic effectiveness is addressed from several perspectives: the findings from clinical medicine on effects of LSD; a general model of altered states of consciousness, their physiological characteristics, and therapeutic effects; and laboratory studies of physiological, sensory, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive effects of hallucinogens. These findings illuminate the general psychophysiological effects of hallucinogens and their consciousness altering and therapeutic mechanisms.
The Future of Western Civilization

THE MIDDLE of the 20th century has been considered as the beginning of the atomic age. It now seems that it should be considered as the beginning of the age of electronic computers.
Çerkasski Prensleri veya Çerkes Mirzaları: Rusya Boyar Eliti İçinde Kabardeyler (1560-1700)

Buyuk Petro doneminden itibaren Rusya’nin yonetici elitlerinin, Baltik Almani, Polonyali yada diger halklardan olmak uzere Rus kokenli olmayan bircok mensubu vardi. Fakat daha onceki donemlerde de kokleri baska milletlere dayanan aileler olmustur. 16. yuzyilin ortasindan 17. Yuzyilin sonuna kadar olan donemde en onemli grup, Cerkeslerdi. Korkunc Ivan’in ikinci karisinin akrabasi olan Kabardey bolgesinin Cerkes prensleri, Romanov hanedanin uyeleriyle evlenerek guc ve zenginligin zirvesine ulastilar. Rus kaynaklarinin kokenlerine iliskin yorum yapmamasina ragmen onlarin Radoslovnye knigi’de muhafaza edilen soyagaclari, etnik kimliklerine olan duyarliliklarinin bir gostergesidir. Avrupali diplomatlar da onlarin egzotik kokenlerini kaydettiler. Kabardey ve bugunku Dagistan bolgesinde yer alan bir Rus kalesi olan Terskii gorodok’un onemini kaybetmesiyle birlikte Cerkes prenslerin Moskova’ya gidisleri son verdi ve Cerkasski prens ailelerin 18. Yuzyilda asimile olmalarina yol acti.
Cyclic variations in the spontaneous contractions of the human fallopian tube.

In two recent papers it has been shown that periodic variations occur in the spontaneous contractions of the Fallopian tube during the reproductive cycle in the pig (Seckinger, 1923)1 and in Macacus rhesus (Corner and Seckinger, 1923).2 These investigations demonstrated that there is a characteristic type of contraction at the time of ovulation in both the pig and the monkey. With a knowledge of this work, we have attempted to investigate the tubal contractions in the human during the different phases of the menstrual cycle and gestation.Our method was similar to that used by Seckinger and Corner. Rings of Fallopian tube, immersed in warm, oxygenated Locke solution, were suspended from a lever which recorded on a kymograph. Our observations are based upon records of more than forty Fallopian tubes obtained from the Woman's clinic of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, through the courtesy of Dr. Cullen and Dr. Williams. Specimens which showed marked pathological changes were rejected.We found in our series two ty...
Dynamic response analysis of electrical disconnector with base isolation

The porcelain electrical substation equipments are easily damaged under the strong earthquake action because the porcelain column insulator being made of brittle materials are only subjected to limited moment.The study of these electrical equipments with base isolation is less,for that they are slim and tall and centre of gravity is higher so as to bend inflection taking up more proportion in all kinds of inflection under the earthquake action;so it is difficult to achieve base isolation scheme.In an engineering example,three-phase electrical disconnectors are chosen to achieve base isolation scheme by means of casting whole connecting girder at the root of the bracing frames and installing isolation equipments between the upside structure and the base according to the demands of function of the electrical substation in order to go down the centre of gravity of the electrical equipment.Under the El Centro wave,Taft wave and artificial sinusoidal resonance wave,the responses of dynamical time-history between the isolated structure and non-isolated structure are analyzed;the results of the analysis show that the isolated structure is of distinct effect of vibration suppression.
Research on rapid detection for gelsemine from gelsemium elegans benth in primary laboratory

Objective:To probe into the rapid detection of gelsemine from gelsemium elegans benth for the primary laboratory to provide speedy,simple,accurate and pragmatic technology to deal with gelsemium elegans benth poisoning.Methods:Since the gelsemine has alkaline,with 5% sodium hydroxide immersion first,and then with ultrasonic extraction,we extract gelsemine with chloroform.Extracted sample is identified preliminarily by a traditional chemical method.After is was concentrated liquid sample point-like fluorescent 254 nm silica gel thin-layer board,we observed unfolding gelsemine.Results:Through the way simulated gelsemium elegans benth food poisoning test(with rice plants 30 days of immersion.The tender leaves and flowers were treated with boiled water immersion.After plants were placed in earthen pot with small and medium-sized fire boiler water),samples were taken on a certain amount of soak liquid and residues in accordance with the optimum conditions for extraction of identification.The results indicated that the samples had the standard Rf value(Rf=0.60,25℃),thus we identified the samples containing the gelsemine.Conclusion:Based on the experiment,the process of rapid identification for food poisoning is practical and reliable,so it may provide the primary laboratory unit with some reference.
The History of American Economics

Economics today is a model building and testing science. But scientific economics was not always understood in terms of models. Economics first emerged as a separate field of scientific study in post-bellum America. The laissez-faire orientation of early American moral philosophy gave way to social reforms informed by the historical/institutional examination of the sources of rapid change in the American economy. Early professionalization occurred within the context of the debate laissez-faire theorists and Progressives, leaving early twentieth century American economics a conflicted pluralism, with a nascent neoclassical theory tradition competing with institutionalism and the slow emergence of Keynesianism. The shift to model building occurred behind the scenes of the debates between vestiges of institutionalism, the Keynesian synthesis, and the Chicago School. By the end of the twentieth century, all economists, regardless of policy orientation, were modelers.
THE ANGLE OF GAIT: A STUDY BASED UPON EXAMINATION OF THE FEET OF CENTRAL AFRICAN NATIVES

Three formal examinations of the feet of presumably normal individuals (two, of American male and female college students; the third, of African natives) are in agreement in demonstrating that the predominating position of the feet in walking is one of moderate out-toeing. The tests contradict the idea commonly held that a parallel position of the feet—the so called "Indian method"—is the correct and natural posture. It is true that there was a somewhat greater proportion of natives who showed a straight, or in-toeing, position than obtained among college students; but, on the other hand, the proportion of out-toeing in excess of fifteen degrees was also greater among the African natives. Both of these postural groups represented merely small minorities on either side of the large middle group, comprising seventy-two per cent. of all the feet examined. The average angle of gait among African natives was seven and five-tenths degrees. Although this figure is slightly greater than that obtained from American college men and women, the average differences resulting from each examination are too small to have any particular significance. Inconstancy in the angle of gait, as shown in any series of successive steps, has been strikingly emphasized in all three of the examinations; so much so that an arc between five and ten degrees of out-toeing seems to give a more faithful estimate of how a foot is normally used than an arbitrary angle of gait arrived at by mathematical averages. It was within that arc (between five and ten degrees) that the angle of gait in the greatest number of native feet was located. Physiological analysis of walking concurs with the foot examination in designating seven and five-tenths degrees in out-toeing (an angle of fifteen degrees as formed by the two feet) as the ideal angle of gait in ordinary active walking. Rapid movement, tends to narrow that angle, slower movement, to widen it. An angle of forty-five degrees between the two feet seems to be the most natural position in standing.
The Incarnation: God's Giving and Man's Receiving

The classical christology employed the categories of nature and person in its attempt to elucidate the meaning of the incarnation. Today actional categories seem preferable and are used here in an experimental and exploratory way. The incarnation is, as a result, described as the conjunction of God's giving and man's receiving, a conjunction which in turn gives rise to man's giving in imitation of the divine activity. The analysis of the divine giving focuses particularly on the actional or “economic” meaning of the trinitarian doctrine while the analysis of the human receiving concerns itself principally with the question of human freedom and sinlessness and its implications for a processive understanding of incarnational communion. These christological reflections give rise, in conclusion, to some brief soteriological considerations on Jesus' catalytic influence in the process of human growth or salvation.
The Jíbaro Masquerade: Luis Paret y Alcázar’s Self-Portrait of 1776

Luis Paret y Alcazar’ Self-Portrait of 1776 shows the Spanish artist standing before the tranquil yet rugged Puerto Rican landscape dressed as a local peasant or jibaro. Wearing a white shirt, striped pants, and flowered hat, he carries a bunch of plantains and a machete. The artist constructs a vision of himself as a Puerto Rican peasant, the jibaro. The use of the jibaro’s attire by Paret y Alcazar can be understood within the context of the carnivalesque in which the upper-class masqueraded as peasants. The painting also reveals the intellectual elite’s appropriation and subsequent adoption of the jibaro as cultural symbol. The work was produced after Paret y Alcazar’s removal from the Spanish court of Carlos III and his exile to the island of Puerto Rico from 1775 to 1778. The self-portrait, later sent to the Bourbon monarchy as a gift, was pivotal in securing not only the painter’s return to the Spanish court but also the continued success of his professional career by communicating important cultura...
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on the Nesting Dynamics of Desert Bees

Anthropogenic changes in land use and habitat fragmentation are thought to be greater drivers of declines in the abundance and species richness of pollinating insects such as bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) than agricultural intensification and pesticide use. Yet, few studies have examined how habitat fragmentation by urbanization affects pollinator nesting dynamics. We investigated the nesting dynamics of native solitary bee species that inhabit fragments of Sonoran Desert in Tucson, AZ. Specifically, we compared floral densities, nest completion, and nest attack rates of cavity-nesting bees in large (>2 ha) and small (<0.5 ha) fragments. In small fragments, where resource density was high, more nests were occupied and females responded by provisioning offspring more quickly than in larger fragments where resource density was low. However, nests in small fragments were more likely to be attacked by natural enemies than those in large fragments. In this desert system, habitat size, the most-often used metric for examination of how pollinators respond to habitat fragmentation, affects nesting dynamics and demographics through its interactions with nest-site availability, abundance of floral resources, and natural enemy attack. As landscape fragmentation increases, pollinator conservation should not only consider food sources but also nesting requirements and interactions with natural enemies.
How Is Working Memory Training Likely to Influence Academic Performance? Current Evidence and Methodological Considerations.

Working memory (WM) is one of our core cognitive functions, allowing us to keep information in mind for shorter periods of time and then work with this information. It is the gateway that information has to pass in order to be processed consciously. A well functioning WM is therefore crucial for a number of everyday activities including learning and academic performance (Bull et al., 2008; Gathercole et al., 2003), which is the focus of this review. Specifically, we will review the research investigating whether improving WM capacity using Cogmed WM training can lead to improvements on academic performance. Emphasis is given to reviewing the theoretical principles upon which such investigations rely, in particular the complex relation between WM and mathematical and reading abilities during development and how these are likely to be influenced by training. We suggest two possible routes in which training can influence academic performance, one through an effect on learning capacity which would thus be evident with time and education, and one through an immediate effect on performance on reading and mathematical tasks. Based on the theoretical complexity described we highlight some methodological issues that are important to take into consideration when designing and interpreting research on WM training and academic performance, but that are nonetheless often overlooked in the current research literature. Finally, we will provide some suggestions for future research for advancing the understanding of WM training and its potential role in supporting academic attainment.
A polarization technique for mitigating low-grazing-angle radar sea clutter

Traditional detection schemes in conventional maritime surveillance radars may suffer serious performance degradation due to sea clutter, particularly in low-grazing-angle (LGA) geometries. In such geometries, typical statistical assumptions regarding sea clutter backscatter do not hold. Trackers can be overwhelmed by false alarms, while objects of interest can be challenging to detect. Despite several decades of attempts to devise a means of mitigating the effects of LGA sea clutter on traditional detection schemes, minimal progress has been made in developing an approach that is both robust and practical. To supplement work exploring whether polarization information might offer an effective means of enhancing target detection in sea clutter, MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL) collected a fully polarimetric X-band radar dataset on the Atlantic coast of Massachusetts Cape Ann in October 2015. Leveraging this dataset, MIT LL developed Polarimetric Co-location Layering (PCL), an algorithm that uses a fundamental polarimetric characteristic of sea clutter to retain detections on objects of interest while reducing the number of false alarms in a conventional single-polarization radar by as many as two orders of magnitude. PCL is robust across waveform bandwidths, pulse repetition frequencies, and sea states. Moreover, PCL is practical: It can plug directly into the standard radar signal processing chain.
The Legacy of Natural Disasters: The Intergenerational Impact of 100 Years of Natural Disasters in Latin America

Natural disasters can have long lasting effects, but generalizing such effects and disentangling them from the context where they happen can be challenging. Using information from the national censuses, this paper examines the long term effects and subsequent intergenerational transmission of exposure in childhood to the natural disasters that have occurred in Latin America in the last 100 years. The identification strategy exploits the exogenous variation in geographic location, timing and exposure of different birth cohorts to the natural disasters. This study measures individuals' exposure based on the geographic location at birth during the disasters to avoid any bias in the estimations due to the selective migration caused by each disaster. The main results indicate that young children are the most vulnerable to natural disasters and suffer the most long-lasting negative effects including less human capital accumulation, worse health, fewer income and less assets accumulation when they are adults. The data even provide evidence of the intergenerational transmission of shocks, showing that the second generation are negatively affected by the disasters in their human capital accumulation increasing their child labor long after their mothers were hit.
Logics of Freedom: Debating Religious Freedom Laws and Gay and Lesbian Rights:

In the wake of marriage equality for same-sex couples, many states have introduced and passed laws that provide religious exemptions for certain services and benefits for LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisex...
High Speed, High Resolution and Low Cost Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography System

The basic inspection techniques of X-ray digital radiography and computed tomography use some kind of X-ray detector in the form of an array or a single point. Most of the detectors available today have high performance characteristics in certain areas but not all. For example, a collimated germanium detector has good energy sensitivity and can provide high spatial resolution. But it has the disadvantages of being very slow and having to be operated at liquid nitrogen temperatures. An array detector such as an image intensifier viewed by a CCD camera has the advantage of being very fast, but it has poor dynamic range compared to a germanium detector.
Possibilities and the Actual World

Smith and McIntyre have developed their interpretation of Husserl’s theory of the noema in the context of responses to various problems concerning intentional and semantic reference, problems to which the Husserlian theory of intentionality and the Fregean theory of sense appear as solutions. They supplement their interpretation with an analysis of Husserl’s concept of horizon and further examine the relations between Husserl’s notion of horizon-analysis and possible-worlds semantics. Indeed, it is one of the virtues of their work that they attempt to demonstrate how Husserl’s theory so interpreted responds both to the problems motivating (in part) Husserl’s own work and to contemporary issues in the theory of intentionality and in semantics. In this chapter, I shall examine how the interpretation I have developed herein addresses the aforementioned problems and discuss the relation between my view of Husserl and that of possible-world semanticists. Let us begin, then, with the semantical issues associated with modal and act-contexts, viz. the failures of the principles of substitutivity of identity and existential generalization.
Cryptological Analyses, Decoding Symbols, and Decipherment

Eminent cryptologists, including William Friedman (1891–1969), who broke the Japanese “Purple” cipher, have been unable to decipher the symbolic writing of the Voynich Codex. Furthermore, recent analyses have demonstrated that the manuscript is not a hoax and that a real language is involved. The assumption that the basic language is Latin remains unproven. Friedman had concluded that the language of the Voynich Codex must be a synthetic language. Various decipherments of the symbols are presented and applied to labels associated with 64 apothecary jars in the Pharmaceutical section. All appear to be untranslated, with the exception of the Tucker and Talbert decipherment, which was based on botanical evidence.
The three arrows of Zeno

We explore the better known paradoxes of Zeno including modern variants based on infinite processes, from the point of view of standard, classical analysis, from which there is still much to learn (especially concerning the paradox of division), and then from the viewpoints of non-standard and non-classical analysis (the logic of the latter being intuitionist).
MARVEL: Enabling Mobile Augmented Reality with Low Energy and Low Latency

This paper presents MARVEL, a mobile augmented reality (MAR) system which provides a notation display service with imperceptible latency (
Coping long term with active suicide in adolescents: Results from a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background:To adapt the Coping Long Term with Active Suicide Program (CLASP) for use with adolescents (CLASP-A) and to assess its feasibility and acceptability on an inpatient psychiatric unit. CLA...