cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship of posthypnotic amnesia to waking memory performance.

Abstract It has been suggested that the occurrence of amnesia after hypnosis is related to a predisposition toward forgetfulness manifested by Ss in ordinary waking life. On the basis of standardized scale performance, 20 hypnotizable Ss were classified as amnesic or nonamnesic, according to a strict criterion for suggested, temporary posthypnotic amnesia. These Ss received a battery of memory tests administered in the normal waking state. Measures of visual and auditory short-term memory, and long-term memory assessed under conditions of incidental learning, revealed no differences between amnesic and nonamnesic Ss. Measures of long-term memory collected under intentional learning conditions, however, showed superior retention by the amnesic Ss. A poor waking memory does not appear to be involved in the development of posthypnotic amnesia.
Increased cholesterol content of erythrocyte and brain membranes in ethanol-tolerant mice

Abstract Mice were treated with ethanol for eight or nine days, using a liquid diet regimen known to produce physical dependence. In previous experiments, synaptosomal plasma membranes and erythrocyte ghosts from such ethanoltreated animals were found to be resistant to the fluidizing effects of ethanol in vitro, as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance. In the present experiments, corresponding membranes were analysed for phospholipid and cholesterol. The ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was found to be significantly increased in both types of membrane after chronic ethanol treatment. The changed ratio was produced by an increase in cholesterol. There was little or no change in phospholipid content of the membranes. Increased cholesterol may explain the previously observed alteration of physical properties of the membranes.
A Clustering Rule Based Approach for Classification Problems

Predictive models, such as rule based classifiers, often have difficulty with incomplete data e.g., erroneous/missing values. So, this work presents a technique used to reduce the severity of the effects of missing data on the performance of rule base classifiers using divisive data clustering. The Clustering Rule based Approach CRA clusters the original training data and builds a separate rule based model on the cluster wise data. The individual models are combined into a larger model and evaluated against test data. The effects of the missing attribute information for ordered and unordered rule sets is evaluated and the collective model CRA is experimentally used to show that its performance is less affected than the traditional model when the test data has missing attribute values, thus making it more resilient and robust to missing data.
Numerical study of the effects of permeability heterogeneity on density-driven convective mixing during CO2 dissolution storage

Abstract Permanence and security of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in geologic formations requires dissolution of CO 2 into brine, which slightly increases the brine density. Previous studies have shown that this small increase in brine density induces convective currents, which greatly enhances the mixing efficiency and thus CO 2 storage capacity and rate in the brine. Density-driven convection, in turn, is known to be largely dominated by permeability heterogeneity. This study explores the relationship between the process of density-driven convection and the permeability heterogeneity of an aquifer during CO 2 dissolution storage, using high-resolution numerical simulations. While the porosity is kept constant, the heterogeneity of the aquifer is introduced through a spatially varying permeability field, characterized by the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient and the correlation length. Depending on the concentration profile of dissolved CO 2 , we classify the convective finger patterns as dispersive, preferential, and unbiased fingering. Our results indicate that the transition between unbiased and both preferential and dispersive fingering is mainly governed by the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient, whereas the transition between preferential and dispersive fingering is controlled by the permeability correlation length. Furthermore, we find that the CO 2 dissolution flux at the top boundary will reach a time-independent steady state. Although this flux strongly correlates with permeability distribution, it generally increases with the permeability heterogeneity when the correlation length is less than the system size.
Application of 6-DOF sensing for robotic disturbance compensation

In the future of manufacturing and construction, the need will arise for robots that operate in larger work envelopes than can be supported using traditional fixed-base industrial robot systems. Robots may instead be mounted to mobile equipment subject to disturbance. Such disturbance may be compensated using robot arm motions if sufficiently precise and rapid sensing and control systems are available. In this paper we present the development of a disturbance compensation system using a Staubli TX90 six axis industrial robot and controller. This is coupled with a developmental six degree of freedom sensor package capable of high bandwidth, accurate sensing throughout the workspace. The robot is mounted to an uncontrolled moveable platform. Sensor measurements are then processed and fed into the Staubli CS8C controller in order to successfully stabilize the end-effector.
The isolation of rat alveolar type II cells: a simplified approach using Percoll density centrifugation.

Colloidal silica-polyvinylpyrrolidinone solution (Percoll) is used in this study to purify type II alveolar pneumocytes obtained from elastase disaggregation of rat lung tissue. The crude lung cell suspension (containing 31.4±2.1% type II cells) was applied to a Percoll gradient established by centrifugation of phosphate-buffered saline with the Percoll. Color-coded density marker beads permitted the determination of the density of each resulting cellular layer. Harvesting of the type II cell-enriched layer yielded a cell population 92±2% pure for type II cells. Identification of type II cells was made using a modified Papanicolaou stain, a negative myeloperoxidase stain, negative leukocyte cell surface markers, and ultrastructural examination. Purification of crude rat lung cell suspensions with Percoll appears to be a rapid and inexpensive means of obtaining a replenishable type II cell population.
Rationale, Research, and Role Relations in the Stirling Workshop:

Criticisms of theory, design, and research connected with a workshop involving Catholics and Protestants from Belfast are assessed by the organizers and consultants responsible for the project. Dif...
Constitutive and regulated secretion of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor by human intestinal epithelial cells

Abstract Background & Aims: Epithelial cells participate in immune regulation and mucosal integrity by generating a range of biologically active mediators. In the intestine, little is known about the potential endogenous anti-inflammatory molecules. Secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) is a major serine proteinase inhibitor, a potent antibiotic, and thus a potential anti-inflammatory molecule, although it is not known if it is secreted by intestinal epithelial cells. Methods: We show, by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, the presence of SLPI messenger RNA in human model intestinal epithelial cell lines (Caco2-BBE, T84, and HT29-Cl.19A) and human jejunum and colon biopsy specimens. The polymerase chain reaction product was cloned and sequenced and is identical to that of SLPI isolated previously from the human parotid gland. Results: As analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the constitutive secretion of SLPI occurs in a markedly polarized manner toward the apical surface and is enhanced by inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β (≈3.5-fold increase over control value). SLPI release is also stimulated by activation of protein kinase C isoenzymes, but not by activation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate– or Ca 2+ -regulated signaling molecules. SLPI protein is detectable in intestinal lavage fluids collected from normal adult humans. Recombinant SLPI attenuates digestive enzyme (trypsin)- or leukocyte proteinase (elastase)-induced permeability alteration of a model epithelia in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SLPI exhibits an antibacterial activity against at least one major intestinal pathogen, Salmonella typhimurium . In contrast, SLPI does not influence epithelial barrier integrity as assessed by transepithelial conductance measurements or electrogenic ion transport. Conclusions: These results establish that human intestinal epithelium expresses and apically secretes SLPI, a molecule that may significantly contribute to the protection against attack from inflammatory cells and digestive enzymes, as well as against microbial infection. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000;118:1061-1071
Physical and optical properties of persistent contrails: Climatology and interpretation

[1] The physical and optical properties of persistent contrails were studied with the measurements made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar. MODIS data were used to determine the contrail locations on the basis of their artificial shapes easily distinguished from natural cirrus, and the so-identified contrails were analyzed with collocated CALIPSO lidar data. Statistics of the geography, geometry, meteorology, and optical properties are reported for approximately 3400 persistent contrails observed over North America, the North Atlantic Ocean, and Europe. The majority of the detected contrails appear in ice-supersaturated air with temperatures lower than � 40 � C. On average, contrails have significantly larger backscattering coefficients and slightly higher linear depolarization ratios (LDRs) than neighboring cirrus clouds. Depolarization tends to be strong when ice crystals are small, and LDR is approximately 0.4–0.45 for young contrails and contrail cores. The mean LDR for the detected contrails increases with decreasing temperature and is not strongly dependent on the lidar pointing angle. The backscattering properties suggest that contrails are primarily composed of small, randomly oriented ice crystals but may also contain a few horizontally oriented plates. Most contrails are optically thin with a mean (median) optical thickness of approximately 0.19 (0.14); however, optically thicker contrails do exist and tend to occur in warmer and more humid ambient air. The mean value and range of the observed LDR data are consistent with theoretical predictions based on a mixture of nonspherical ice crystals randomly oriented in the atmosphere. Citation: Iwabuchi, H., P. Yang, K. N. Liou, and P. Minnis (2012), Physical and optical properties of persistent contrails: Climatology and interpretation, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06215, doi:10.1029/2011JD017020.
The probing behaviour of nymphs of Vanduzeea arquata and Enchenopa binotata (Homoptera: Membracidae) on host and non‐host plants

Nymphs of Vanduzeea arquata Say have been found to be more host-specific in nature and to show a higher degree of selectivity in host discrimination experiments than nymphs of Enchenopa binotata (Say), It was hypothesized that this differential selectivity would be reflected in the probing behaviour of individuals placed on twigs of host and non-host plants. Probing behaviour was examined by direct observation of nymphs and by sectioning and staining the probed plant tissues. 2. All nymphs probed readily and for extended periods on both host and non-host twigs. E. binotuta nymphs showed no consistent differences in probing behaviour on hosts versus non-hosts, but V. atquuta nymphs were more likely to withdraw their stylets within 60 s when on non-host twigs and produced honeydew only when on their host species. V.urquatu nymphs reached the phloem sieve elements only when on host twigs and broke many cells in peripheral plant tissue layers while probing. E. binotata nymphs broke few cells and often reached the phloem of non-host as well as host plants. 3. Nymphs of V.arquutu always reject non-host plants, apparently in the course of probing and prior to encountering the phloem sap. Chemical compounds released from ruptured parenchyma cells may act as probing stimulants or inhibitors. E. binotura nymphs often feed on non-host plants in a non-choice situation; their preferential settling on host twigs in discrimination experiments may reflect a tendency to abandon non-host twigs more readily than host twigs.
SQUID PROTEIN ISOLATE: EFFECT OF PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON RECOVERY YIELDS

Loigo species of squid was investigated as a potential source of protein isolate. The various process parameters which influence extraction of protein (particle size, time, extraction pH, salt concentration, relative amount of solvent to squid tissue and temperature) were investigated. From this study the following parameters were chosen to optimize extraction: pH 11 (sodium hydroxide) or 4% salt concentration (sodium chloride, sodium hexametaphosphate in aqueous extractant); temperature = 22°C; time = 45 min; particle diameter = 2–3 mm; solvent-to-squid ratio = 10:1. Under these conditions, about 85% of the squid protein can be extracted. 65% of the extracted nitrogen is recovered as protein isolate by isoelectric precipitation at pH 5.
Glucocorticoid induced lesions in rat livers.

Abstract Administration of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoid suppressed the accumulation of liver proteins in young adult rats. In vivo pulse-labeling experiments showed that the protein synthesis activity of the liver was reduced by 70% on the sixth day of glucocorticoid treatment, and the electron microscopic examination of the glucocorticoid-treated liver cells revealed marked alterations in rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum-polysome structures. The cell-free protein synthesis system containing the glucocorticoid-treated liver fractions incorporated only 37% as much radioactive precursor into proteins as did the system containing normal liver fractions. This result from the cell-free experiment also places the glucocorticoid induced lesions in the membrane-polysome fraction of the liver.
Potassium: Argon Dating of Iron Meteorites

The potassium:argon age of the metal phase of Weekeroo Station iron meteorite, determined by neutronactivation analysis, is about 10(10) years; it is similar to ages previously measured for other iron meteorites, but distinctly disagrees with a strontium: rubidium age of 4.7 X 10(9) years measured by other workers on silicate inclusions in this meteorite.
Traversing filaments in desmosomal and hemidesmosomal attachments: Freeze-fracture approaches toward their characterization

Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes from larval newt epidermis were examined by freeze-fracture methods incorporating low osmolality fixation, short duration glycerination, complementary replica comparison, stereo imaging, and dark shadow printing. These procedures provide new evidence regarding the structure of "traversing" filaments as mediators of attachment between intermediate filaments and the cell membranes of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. A detailed analysis of intramembranous particles and other structures in these attachments has also been possible. The relationship of this evidence to models of desmosomal structure suggested by other authors is discussed.
Sequential estimation of mixtures of structured autoregressive models

A class of mixtures of structured autoregressive (AR) models and methods for sequential estimation within this class of models are considered. Such models and methods are motivated by the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded during a cognitive fatigue experiment. Specifically, an electroencephalogram recorded from a subject who performed continuous mental arithmetic for 180 min is studied. The EEG signal is modeled via mixtures of autoregressive processes with structured prior distributions on the reciprocal roots of the characteristic AR polynomials. The use of structured prior distributions on the AR mixture components allows researchers to include scientifically meaningful information related to various states of mental alertness. On-line posterior estimation of the model parameters and related quantities is achieved using a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm. The performance of such algorithm is illustrated by applying it to simulated data and EEG data. The EEG analyses show that the mixtures of structured AR models successfully identify EEG features that may be associated with states of mental fatigue. Furthermore, one of the key features of the proposed methods is that they can be implemented in real time, allowing for automatic characterization of mental fatigue from EEG recordings.
Introducing a Blackberry eLearning Platform for Interactive Hypertension Education

We developed an interactive patient learning system for use on Blackberry devices to inform hypertension subjects about their chronic condition and enforce knowledge retention by questioning the user. The system uses the Blackberry’s internet connection to retrieve hypertension information from a database and plays recorded audio files corresponding to hypertension information messages. The application was successfully developed, implemented, and tested on the BlackBerry 7100i smartphone with Nextel as a service provider. The application can be utilized as a universal mobile eLearning platform for interactive patient education.
Densitometric Determination Of Changes In The Dimensions Of Coronary Arteries

A computer-aided operator-interactive method has been developed to measure changes in the diameter of the coronary arteries as a result of the contractile motion of the heart and of vasodilators and constrictors. The method has been tested in animal models: mongrel dogs of 15-20 kg weight were subjected to cinefluorograohic procedures taken at a rate of 30 frames/sec. The selected width of segments of coronary arteries were measured with an EyeCom image analyzer interfaced to a VAX 11/780 comnuter at a resolution of -20 microns on 100 frames per injection. Ten scan lines were averaged for each segment: furthermore, in order to reduce scanning noise, each scan line was taken four times and averaged. The blood vessel diameter was determined as the horizontal distance of the base points in the blood vessel image profile. Autocorrelograms, power spectra and an ad-hoc method termed F-technique were used to analyze periodicities in the data. It was found that the amplitudes of periodic oscillations in the blood vessel diameters may be almost as large as the changes caused by some vasodilators and constrictors.
Identification and impact of blocked elements in 1-D and 2-D arrays

In an attempt to characterize the signals on the blocked elements and to assess the image degradation they cause we collected the individual-channel signals from a clinical matrix array on a phantom through a layer of absorbing rubber and on the human liver intercostally. The signal amplitude and nearest-neighbor normalized cross-correlation exhibited significantly lower values for the blocked elements than for the remaining elements on the aperture. The channel-signals were summed coherently in the elevation dimension to create a synthetic receive 1-D aperture data-set. B-mode images of liver vasculature that were created for a growing synthetic 1-D aperture indicate that beamforming with the blocked elements turned off can reduce noise and improve visibility of targets.
Pressure sensing using low-cost microstrip antenna sensor

This paper presents a novel pressure sensor consisting of a low-cost microstrip patch antenna placed a distance from a metal reflection plate. The pressure applied on the plate changes the distance between the metal plate and the patch antenna, which shifts the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor. The operation principle of the pressure sensor is firstly presented. Subsequently, the design and fabrication of the antenna sensor as well as the electromagnetic (EM) simulations of its response to the applied pressure are described. Finally, static experiments are performed to validate the performance of the pressure sensor and the results are discussed.
Incentives and Institutions: The Transition to a Market Economy in Russia. By Serguey Braguinsky and Grigory Yavlinsky. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. 282p. $39.50.

After a decade of market reforms, it is obvious to most observers that something has gone wrong in Russia. Some economic indicators suggest modest successes in instituting a market economy, but most of the evidence is clear that the economic and social crisis has far exceeded what might be expected in terms of a "transformation recession." Industrial and agricultural output is down substantially, capital renewal is not keeping pace with the retirement of old machinery, the nation is deindustrializing, real living standards have plum- meted, and investment capital is fleeing the country. The authors of this book conclude that "the Russian privatization program was nothing but a grandiose failure" (p. 6).
Optical Glass at the National Bureau of Standards

A brief resume is given of the work done by the National Bureau of Standards in connection with the manufacture of optical glass. The method of inspection for striae is outlined, data on the reproducibility of refractivity, from melt to melt, are given, and some effects of annealing on refractivity are mentioned. Attention is directed to the fact that the raw materials needed for the manufacture of optical glass are all domestically available.
Self‐understanding and social cognitive development

Self‐understanding is described as a multi‐faceted conceptual system. Utilizing the distinctions among facets proposed by William James, a new model of self‐understanding development is presented. According to the model, the various facets of self‐understanding evolve through a sequence of four developmental levels. The relationship between development in self‐understanding, as described by the model, and interpersonal reasoning is considered in a study of children. The results indicate that self‐understanding develpment is related to, but independent from, the development of interpersonal reasoning. Theoretical and research implications of these findings are considered.
Alberts Bels: In search of man

For quite some time, growing segments of Soviet Latvian prose have revealed a thematic shifting from topics of collective import toward subjects that focus on the individual's concerns. Collectivity becomes a negative dimension, and sometimes it is the superior individualthe artist, the writerwho is spotlighted against the opaque crowds of Soviet babbits. Sometimes the anonymous heroes and nonheroes of small everyday tragedies capture the empathie regard of the writer. Persistently implicit there is a protest, low-keyed, to be sure, against the iniquities that technocracy and prosperity, with their attendant moral ills of ruthlessness and avarice, have wrought on the individual. There is also a plea for understanding and compassion for those who, expelled from the mainstream of affluence, languish in the backwaters of mute misery. There is subdued indignation at the efficiency expert and the aggressive manager who continue to perfect the system whose malignant growth dehumanizes man. Indictment of civilization is as old as civilization itself, but in Soviet Latvian literature the litany of the regress of progress seems to be modulating from concern to anger. Man must be saved from himself. He must cease to worship the false gods of efficiency and opulence. These themes, sometimes projected in the images of the great myths, amplify, with variable intensity and artistry, the works of Luginska, Kaldupe, Jakubāns, Liepiņs, Zigmonte, and others. But perhaps their fullest development is found in Alberts Bels, a writer of protean multiformity, whose prose vibrates with restless meaning. Bels' literary career was quite auspiciously heralded by his first collection of short stories, "Hs Pats " Līdzenumā. Perhaps it would not be too far-fetched to liken him to Maupassant for his thematic interests, plots, and most conspicuously for his trenchant irony which, coupled with wit and compassion, probes for essences in the games of gregarious living. Indeed, it would not be difficult to notice thematic parallels between Maupassant's "La Parure" (The Necklace) and
Failure Mechanisms at Surfaces and Interfaces

FAILURE mechanisms at surfaces and interfaces in thin film structures have been studied in thin film field effect triodes. These triodes are very suitable for the study of failures at semiconductor-insulator interfaces as the electrical characteristics strongly depend on the state of this interface. The thin film triodes have been subjected to humidity, to elevated temperature, and electrical stress. During the stress tests the failure of the main materials parameters in these devices has been studied as a function of time and stress. The main failure was a change of the threshold or pinch-off voltage in these devices, indicating that the surface potential of the semiconductor changed under stress. The field effect mobility in the semiconductor was rather constant. The capacitance decreased slightly at elevated temperatures and under electrical stress. The rate equation describing the change of the threshold voltage at elevated temperatures could be explained by assuming a desorption process. Experimentally it could be shown that water contributes to this effect. The failure of thin film field effect triodes under electrical stress was more complex. The main cause of failure appeared to be the electrical field between the gate electrode and the semiconductor. A tentative model for the failure mechanisms under electrical stress is presented which is based on a correlation of the observed failure modes to the slow relaxation characteristics of the semiconductor surface conductivity. It was discovered that the experimental devices could be classified in two types which show a distinctly different slow relaxation behavior.
Use of N-ethylmaleimide to directly determine the proportion of β-adrenergic receptors exhibiting high affinity for agonists on human mononuclear leukocyte membranes

Abstract Following incubation with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) and the alkylating agent N -ethylmaleimide (NEM), the number of β-adrenergic receptors measured on human mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) membranes decreased. Pretreatment induced an approximately 40% loss of measurable receptors. The proportion of receptors lost was that which formed the ternary complex of agonist-receptor-G s protein (H-R-G s ) and exhibited high affinity for agonists. In comparison studies, the loss of receptors was found to be similar to the proportion of receptors that form the high affinity state of the receptor (% R H ) for agonist in agonist competition binding studies. Acute exposure to agonist induced a similar reduction in ISO/NEM “sensitive” receptors and the % R H . These experiments indicate that pretreatment of MNL membranes with ISO/NEM is a powerful tool with which to directly determine the percentage of receptors able to form an agonist high affinity state.
The development of the oculomotor nuclear complex in the Japanese quail embryo.

The development of the oculomotor nuclear complex was studied in the Japanese quail. In hatchlings, this complex was found to consist of four subnuclei: The accessory, the dorsolateral, the dorsomedial, and the ventromedial. An arciform subnucleus or central subnucleus was not found in this species. All subnuclei were made up of homogeneous cell populations. The oculomotor primordia can first be recognized at day 3 of incubation, and a clear subdivision within this primordia is apparent on day 5 (total incubation period = 17 days). At this time the accessory subnucleus can be discerned. By day 6, a horizontally oriented dorsal cell mass, the anlagen of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial subnuclei, is seen, as is a vertically oriented ventral cell mass, the anlagen of the ventromedial subnucleus. The boundaries between the subnuclei are not yet distinct at this age, however. By day 7 of incubation, all four subnuclei can be detected as separate entities. Migrating cells, apparently moving primarily between the ventromedial subnuclei, are first seen on day 5, at which time the oculomotor commissure begins to appear. Migratory traffic is extensive during days the 6 and 7 of incubation, with wide bands of migrating cells typically seen, spanning the entire dorsal-ventral extent of the oculomotor complex. These cells do not appear to be associated exclusively with the ventromedial subnuclei. In many instances, migratory cells appear to be affiliated with the dorsomedial cell group. By day 10 of incubation, migration has ceased and the oculomotor complex has attained its definitive configuration. These observations are discussed with comparative reference to earlier studies of chick and duck embryos and hatchlings.
Molecular origin of the binding of WWOX tumor suppressor to ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase

The ability of WWOX tumor suppressor to physically associate with the intracellular domain (ICD) of ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase is believed to play a central role in down-regulating the transcriptional function of the latter. Herein, using various biophysical methods, we show that while the WW1 domain of WWOX binds to PPXY motifs located within the ICD of ErbB4 in a physiologically-relevant manner, the WW2 domain does not. Importantly, while the WW1 domain absolutely requires the integrity of the PPXY consensus sequence, non-consensus residues within and flanking this motif do not appear to be critical for binding. This strongly suggests that the WW1 domain of WWOX is rather promiscuous toward its cellular partners. We also provide evidence that the lack of binding of WW2 domain of WWOX to PPXY motifs is due to the replacement of a signature tryptophan, lining the hydrophobic ligand binding groove, with tyrosine (Y85). Consistent with this notion, the Y85W substitution within the WW2 domain exquisitely restores its binding to PPXY motifs in a manner akin to the binding of WW1 domain of WWOX. Of particular significance is the observation that WW2 domain augments the binding of WW1 domain to ErbB4, implying that the former serves as a chaperone within the context of the WW1–WW2 tandem module of WWOX in agreement with our findings reported previously. Taken together, our study sheds new light on the molecular basis of an important WW-ligand interaction involved in mediating a plethora of cellular processes.
Brief altitude exposure in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) does not produce elevated intracranial pressure.

Objective. Our intent was to observe the effect of simulated altitude exposure on the intracranial pressure (ICP) of New Zealand white rabbits. It is theorized that the hypoxia of high altitude causes a rise in ICP, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Dexamethasone is a medication used to treat AMS, but its mechanism of action in this disease is unknown. It is believed that dexamethasone may lower ICP and thereby relieve the symptoms of AMS, but to our knowledge no study has demonstrated the effect dexamethasone has on ICP during altitude exposure. Methods. We placed subdural ICP catheters in 10 rabbits and then placed the rabbits in an altitude chamber at simulated 5000m for 6 hours. Each rabbit was exposed to simulated altitude twice, once after several doses of dexamethasone and once after several doses of saline (placebo). We followed ICP measurements throughout the altitude chamber flights, comparing baseline with 6-hour ICP levels. Results. After 6 hours of altitude exposure, there was no significant change in the ICP of rabbits with either saline or dexamethasone administration. We were unable to replicate the altitude-induced rise in ICP observed in other animal studies. Conclusions. Intracranial pressure does not rise within the subdural space in rabbits during altitude exposures of 6 hours or less. Further, we are unable to draw conclusions regarding the mechanism of action of dexamethasone in the cerebral dynamics of AMS.
The new radioisotope 99Ag and some measurements on 100Ag

Abstract Production of 99 Ag with a (p, 4n) reaction on 102 Pd targets has been observed. A half-life of 106±10 sec has been measured for gamma transition at 660(30), 750(15), 1040(100), 1525 (30), 1700(90) and 3315(35) keV. The growth and decay of the daughter 99 Pd has been observed. A positon spectrum was resolved into three branches at 3.32(59.2), 2.43(23.9) and 1.69(16.9) MeV. A level scheme has been proposed for the levels in 99 Pd. A high-energy positon branch at 6.5±0.5 MeV with a 7.5±1 min half-life was observed and has been ascribed to 100 Ag. The threshold for this production indicates a (p, 3n) reaction. In addition, two intense gamma transitions at 556 and 728 keV with the same half-life are ascribed to the decay of 100 Ag.
Defining relevant implication in a propositionally quantified S4

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Stability of two-layer viscous stratified flow down an inclined plane.

The stability of flow down an inclined plane is investigated for the case of a stratified fluid system consisting of two layers of viscous fluids of different densities. This problem is an extension of the works of Benjamin and Yih for a homogeneous fluid; thus their results are a special case of the solution for this more general problem. Reynolds numbers for the bifurcation point of the neutral curve are found for various ratios of density and depth of the two layers. For the purpose of comparing the relative stability between different configurations, a stability index is defined. It is found that the two‐layer flow is more stable or unstable than the homogeneous case of equal total depth, depending on whether the upper fluid is lighter or heavier than the lower one.
Depletion and Structural Forces between Two Macrosurfaces Immersed in a Bidisperse Colloidal Suspension

Abstract Recent experiments on the thinning of liquid films formed from colloidal suspensions carried out in our laboratory [Nikolov, A., and Wasan, D. T., J. Colloid Interface Sci.133, 1 (1989); Langmuir8, 2985 (1992)] have revealed the pronounced effect of the presence of bidisperse-sized particles on the film stability. To shed more light on the role of the size bidispersity on the film properties, we performed a statistical mechanics study of a model system that consists of a binary hard-sphere mixture with a size ratio of 1 : 10 between two planar surfaces. The variations of the particle local densities, excess surface coverage, film disjoining pressure, and film interaction energy per unit area with separation between the surfaces in the presence of monodisperse and bidisperse particles have been investigated. A repulsive depletion interaction (depletion stabilization) between the surfaces in the case of a bidisperse suspension has been observed at separations of about one layer of the larger particles.
White Privilege in Experiential Education: A Critical Reflection

Through narrative and critique, this critical analysis addresses the role and reification of privilege in the pedagogical processes of experiential education. Using whiteness as a critical and theoretical lens, we argue experiential education is a privileged pedagogy, aimed at maintaining the status quo and reproducing dominant power relations between racialized social groups. Participants, instructors, spaces, and activities often reflect the embedded whiteness of experiential education. We critically examine the use of challenge in experiential education and offer a language of possibility for future trajectories for experiential education which facilitates more just and equitable teaching and learning processes.
Prediction and measurement of bubble formation in water treatment

Water utilities can experience problems from bubble formation during conventional treatment, including impaired particle settling, filter air binding, and measurement as false turbidity in filter effluent. Coagulation processes can cause supersaturation and bubble formation by converting bicarbonate alkalinity to carbon dioxide by acidification. A model was developed to predict potential bubble formation during coagulation, and its accuracy was confirmed using an apparatus designed to physically measure the actual volume of bubbles formed. Alum acted similar to hydrochloric acid for initializing bubble formation, and higher initial alkalinity, lower final solution pH, and increased mixing rate tended to increase bubble formation.
Local option sales taxes and consumer spending patterns: Fiscal interdependence under multi-tiered local taxation

Abstract Twenty US states currently allow both county and municipal governments to impose sales taxes on purchases within their jurisdictions. This study investigates the complex multi-jurisdiction and multi-tier dimensions of local option sales taxes (LOSTs) in this setting. We estimate own-rate and cross-tier elasticities using data from 1993 to 2006 for Oklahoma municipalities and counties. Using a variety of panel data techniques including first differenced and random trends models, we show both are significant determinants of consumer spending patterns. Additionally, accounting for localized tax rate differentials reveals important nuances in the interpretation of cross-tier and own-rate elasticities. Our results suggest that municipal LOST revenues can be significantly affected by the rate setting decisions of parent counties as well as nearby regional retail centers. Therefore, the ability of municipal governments to control LOST revenues by varying their own LOST rate is affected by both vertical and horizontal fiscal spillovers. Understanding the nature of fiscal interdependence in this setting is important for the 34 US states that authorize some form of LOSTs as well as any considering their implementation.
Immune response to immobilized sheep erythrocyte monolayer.

Abstract Spleen cells from adult specific pathogen-free miniature swine were exposed to sheep red blood cell (SRBC)2 monolayers to follow the course of the immune response to immobilized particulate antige. Spleen cells in medium were incubated for various time intervals on the monolayers, removed and cultured in new dishes without further exposure to SRBC antigen for 5.5 days. Spleen cells from unimmunized ‘normal’ animals responded maximally with 6-h exposure to a monolayer consisting of 75% SRBC and 25% autologous pig red blood cells. Spleen cells from SRBC primed animals also responded optimally to monolayers of 75% SRBC but required only s-h exposure before culturing. Only minimal numbers of SRBC were released from the monolayers, and carryover of antigen from the monolayer to the fresh tissue culture dishes was not a factor in promoting response. This method of in vitro immunization provides for pulse exposure to particulate antigen and facilitates precise evaluation of the role of antigen during the course of the immune response.
Analysis of Tumors Arising in Male B6C3F1 Mice with and without AAV Vector Delivery to Liver

The present study reports on the frequency of liver tumors observed in a gene therapy study with AAV vectors in male mice of the B6C3F1 hybrid background, which are known to have a high frequency of spontaneous liver tumors. Male mice with mutations in their Otc gene and their wild-type siblings received AAV vectors expressing either the murine Otc or the LacZ gene. Untreated control animals were included in the study. All experimental groups, including wild-type and OTC-deficient animals not treated with vector, developed liver nodules, which in some cases were due to hepatocellular carcinoma. Vector DNA was lower in tumors than in adjacent normal liver. A statistical analysis of the data did not show an association between treatment with Otc vectors and formation of tumors in OTC-deficient mice. However, mice treated with LacZ vectors showed increased risks of tumor formation and hepatocellular carcinoma relative to untreated animals or animals that had received vectors with Otc as the transgene. It appears that AAV vectors alone do not contribute to the formation of tumors in these strains of mice although the expression of LacZ alone or in combination with vector may be problematic.
Raman Spectroscopy of Pentaerythritol Single Crystals under High Pressures

The effect of pressure on the Raman spectra of pentaerythritol (PE) single crystals was examined up to 10 GPa. Several abrupt changes in the spectra were found at 4.6 ′ 0.2 GPa and 6.8 ′ 0.3 GPa. These changes occur both in the internal and external modes and indicate the onset of phase transitions. Both transitions demonstrate considerable pressure hysteresis characteristic of a first-order phase change. It is concluded that PE crystals can exist in three different phases in the pressure range up to 10 GPa. Phase I, which has the bct structure, extends up to 4.6 GPa. In phase II, the number of translationally nonequivalent molecules in a PE unit cell is likely doubled. Phase III, above 6.8 GPa, has features of a disordered structure and is associated with a large softening of hydrogen bonding.
Optimization-Based Computer-Aided Design Of Control Systems: A Survey

Multivariable linear, time invariant control system design invariably involves loop shaping. When it is necessary to shape several time and frequency responses simultaneously and keep gains within prescribed bounds, classical design techniques become overpowered. Fortunately, at this point the designer can call upon semi-infinite optimization (see [Pol.3]) which is a natural tool for solving control system design problems that require squeezing time and frequency responses into preassigned tubes, as well as for taking plant uncertainty into account. Semi-infinite optimization can also be used to carry out trade-offs when all the design requirements cannot be satisfied at the same time. The use of semi-infinite optimization in control system design is most successful when carried out in an interactive computing environment.© (1987) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Chromospherically Active Stars. XXIII. The Triple System HD 7205=QU Andromedae

HD 7205 is a recently discovered visual binary. The primary star is a chromospherically active, single-lined binary, making the system triple. From spectroscopic observations, the orbit of the primary has a period of 18.01335 days and a moderate eccentricity of 0.197. The primary's spectral type is G8 IV–V. The unseen secondary of the short-period binary is likely an M dwarf, while the visual binary secondary is probably a K3 dwarf. From solar-abundance evolutionary tracks, the primary has a mass of ~1.0 M⊙ and an age of about 10. It has evolved off the main sequence and is approaching the base of the red giant branch. Its rotation period of 21.3 days is significantly different from its pseudosynchronous rotation period of 14.6 days, making it an asynchronous rotator.
Navigating Public Prejudices: The Impact of Media and Attitudes on High-Profile Female Political Leaders

Predictions from the stereotype content model (SCM; Fiske et al. 2002) that suggest high-status career women are perceived as competent but cold were tested with a sample of college students in California (N = 294; 51% female; M age = 21.49). Participants completed measures of sexism and attitude extremity, read a positive or negative article about a female senator, and rated her warmth and competence. Results indicate positive media coverage counteracts the competent but cold prediction of the SCM. In the context of negative media, extreme hostile sexism predicted evaluations of low warmth and competence; however, males with less extreme sexist attitudes had greater warmth and competence evaluations. Results are discussed in relation to the SCM and worldview confirmation hypothesis.
Cardiac catheterization. I. Indications, current techniques, and complications.

Summary The indications for cardiac catheterization are discussed. Currently available techniques of right and left heart catheterization are described, and the particular advantages and disadvantages of each technique are summarized. Complications of cardiac catheterization are discussed both in general and in relation to each individual procezure. The most commonly used methods of measuring cardiac output and Of detecting the presence and magnitude of intracardiac shunts are outlined.
Coherent control of pairs of cold atoms in a double-well optical lattice

We present techniques for coherent manipulation of an array of isolated atom pairs in a lattice of double-well potentials, and their potential applications in quantum information processing.
A study of non-linear dynamic equations of higher-order shear deformation plate theories

Abstract The non-linear dynamic equations of the first-order shear deformation theory and the third-order shear deformation plate theory of Reddy are reformulated into equations describing the interior and edge-zone problems of rectangular plates. Viscous damping terms are also included. It is shown that, for certain boundary conditions, the number of governing equations can be reduced to three, as in the classical plate theory. Two problems related to static large-deflection and dynamic small-deflection of rectangular plates are considered. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effects of non-linearity, shear deformation, rotatory inertia, damping and sonic boom type loadings.
The role of initial flaw size, elastic compliance and plasticity in channel cracking of thin films

In this paper, we consider the effects of initial flaw size and plasticity in adjacent layers on the formation of channeling cracks in thin films. Fully three-dimensional finite element analyses are used to determine energy release rates as a function of flaw size for both contained through cracks and edge cracks intersecting free surfaces. The results indicate that substantially larger flaws are required to achieve steady state for edge flaws and when the substrate is more compliant than the film. For edge flaws, the crack length required to achieve steady state is significantly larger than the film thickness, in contrast to conventional wisdom, which assumes steady state is reached when the crack length exceeds only several film thickness. The effect of residual stress in adjacent ductile layers is illustrated for a two-layer system bonded to an elastic substrate. Residual stress in the middle layer promotes plasticity adjacent to the crack and leads to much larger energy release rates than similar scenarios with films on ductile substrates without residual stress. Comparisons are made between several methods for predicting energy release rates, with the goal of identifying the validity of 2-D steady state approximations. The results can be used to predict critical flaws sizes that lead to film failure and to identify potential susceptibility to inelastic cracking mechanisms.