cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Employees Are Out of Step with Coworkers: How Job Satisfaction Trajectory and Dispersion Influence Individual- and Unit-Level Voluntary Turnover

This study takes a dynamic multilevel approach to examine how the relationship between an employee's job satisfaction trajectory and subsequent turnover may change depending on the employee's unit'...
Listen, Watch, Learn: SeisSound Video Products

Online material: Sample SeisSound video products; MATLAB computer codes; sample data set. The increased popularity of YouTube videos has changed the format of how information is distributed and assimilated, highlighting the importance of including auditory information in videos. Videos that include sound also permeate the research community, as evidenced by their recent increase within online supplements to journal articles. Tapping into this new approach of information exchange, we are creating videos of seismic data that augment visual imagery with auditory counterparts. We term these “SeisSound” video products (Figure 1). We find the richness and complexities of seismic data can more easily be appreciated using these SeisSound products than using just the individual visual or the auditory components independently. Seismology includes the study of a large number of processes that affect the spectral content of a seismogram including spatial extent, duration, and directivity of a source; path effects such as attenuation, near-surface geology, and basin resonance; and the differences between abrupt tectonic earthquakes and unusual sources such as volcanic and non-volcanic tremor. With training, we can learn to discern the seismic signatures of these different processes, which can be inferred from the spectral content from time series, spectra, and spectrograms; however, subtle differences in these signals can be difficult to convey easily to a less experienced audience. A number of our senses include the ability to act as spectral analyzers. In the audible sound range we hear pitch, in the visible light range we see color, and in the low- and sub-audible range we can feel the difference between sudden and slow motions using our senses of motion and touch. For most people, the concepts of high or low pitch (frequency) and volume (amplitude) are innate. When we listen to a symphony orchestra, we can pick out the sound of individual …
THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FOSSIL CALIBRATIONS ON THE AVIAN EVOLUTIONARY TIMESCALE

Molecular clocks can provide insights into the evolutionary timescale of groups with unusually biased or fragmentary fossil records, such as birds. In those cases, it is advantageous to establish internal anchor points—molecular time estimates—using the best external fossil calibrations. In turn, those anchor points can be used as calibrations for more detailed time estimation within the group under study. This method also avoids the inherent problems in drawing conclusions about the evolution of a group based on data tied to the poor fossil record of that same group. The galliform-anseriform divergence (∼90 million years ago) is an example of such an ideal anchor point for molecular clock analyses in birds.
Central neurotensin affects rat gastric integrity, prostaglandin E2, and blood flow.

The aim of this study is to define the effect(s) of centrally administered neurotensin (NT) on gastric mucosal integrity, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation, and blood flow during stress induced by cold-water restraint (CWR) in rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) NT reduced macroscopic and microscopic damage. The former effect was dose dependent and was totally blocked by indomethacin pretreatment. Gastric mucosal PGE2 increased 27 and 30% at 30 and 60 min, respectively, in nonrestrained rats given icv NT. PGE2 generation was reduced in control rats during CWR but was maintained in CWR rats treated with icv NT. Gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) was significantly reduced in control rats during CWR. Mucosal blood flow was maintained at nonrestraint levels in the presence of icv NT during CWR; however, this effect was abolished by parenteral indomethacin pretreatment. Similarly, intravenous 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 (200 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) maintained GMBF of non-CWR levels as well as preventing the macroscopic damage normally associated with CWR. These data suggest a protective role for central NT on the gastric mucosa, mediated, at least in part, by PGE2 generation and gastric mucosal blood flow.
A Vision-Based System for Grasping Novel Objects in Cluttered Environments

We present our vision-based system for grasping novel objects in cluttered environments. Our system can be divided into four components: 1) decide where to grasp an object, 2) perceive obstacles, 3) plan an obstacle-free path, and 4) follow the path to grasp the object. While most prior work assumes availability of a detailed 3-d model of the environment, our system focuses on developing algorithms that are robust to uncertainty and missing data, which is the case in real-world experiments. In this paper, we test our robotic grasping system using our STAIR (STanford AI Robots) platforms on two experiments: grasping novel objects and unloading items from a dishwasher. We also illustrate these ideas in the context of having a robot fetch an object from another room in response to a verbal request.
Disparate Grower and Integrator Optimum Growout Temperatures

Abstract Using a broiler growout simulation program developed by M. B. Timmons and R. S. Gates, growout temperatures that optimize economic returns from both the grower and integrator point of view were calculated. Depending on contract terms, temperature settings that maximize returns to the grower can be greatly different from those that maximize returns to the integrator. Optimum winter temperature settings for a typical southeastern location were calculated for a curtain-sided, insulated, and power-ventilated growout building using fixed prices and varying contract terms. After the initial 21-d brooding period, grower optimum temperatures ranged from 10 C below to 5 C above integrator optimum temperatures. The results indicate that there can be a wide disparity in grower and integrator optimum growout temperatures.
O17.6 Expanded HIV Testing Program in STD Clinics Fails to Impact Diagnosis of New HIV-Positive Cases

Background The Centers for Disease Control recommends routine HIV testing in clinical settings. The evidence for an increase in HIV diagnoses as a result of these testing programmes is inconclusive. We examined the North Carolina (NC) expanded HIV testing programme’s impact on HIV testing and the diagnosis of new HIV-positive cases in sexually-transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Methods The NC expanded HIV testing programme implemented routine, opt-out HIV testing in STD clinics in November 2007. All persons aged 18–65 who were tested for HIV in NC STD clinics July 2005-June 2011 were analysed. The monthly change in the number of HIV tests performed, number of new HIV-positive cases identified, and HIV positivity proportion per 1000 tests before and after the intervention were evaluated. Interrupted time series analysis with autoregressive components was used to account for underlying temporal trends and autocorrelation. Results From July 2005-June 2011, 414,612 HIV tests were performed, yielding 1293 new HIV cases (0.3%). Prior to the intervention, the number of HIV tests performed increased by 60 tests per month (rate difference [RD] = 60.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.6, 70.2). However, after the intervention, the monthly increase in testing slowed to 42 tests per month (RD = 41.7, 95% CI: 36.8, 46.6). After the introduction of the intervention, neither the number of new HIV-positive cases identified nor the HIV positivity per month differed from expected case detection trends without the intervention (number of new HIV-positive cases: RD = –0.11, 95% CI: –0.33, 0.11; HIV positivity per 1000 tests: RD = 0.04, 95% CI:-0.001, 0.073). Conclusion Despite the introduction of an expanded HIV testing programme in NC STD clinics, no change in HIV testing or HIV case detection was observed. A lack of evidence for programme yield in a clinical setting with high baseline levels of HIV testing questions the intervention’s appropriateness.
Reconfigurable Inner Loop Control Of A Space Maneuvering Vehicle

The development of an inner-loop control law for a reusable launch vehicle is described in this paper. The control design is based upon a dynamic inversion control law developed for a lifting body with six control surfaces. The commanded body rates constitute the input to a dynamic inversion control law that forms the inner-loop control structure. This provides the control system the ability to track roll, pitch, and yaw rates. In addition to these three inner-loop variables, a velocity control loop has been developed. This velocity loop provides limited control over the vehicle’s velocity, utilizing only the drag produced by the control surfaces. As a result, instead of using a typical three-axis control allocator, a four-axis control allocation algorithm was developed (three bodyaxis rotation rates and one linear acceleration). The outputs of the dynamic inversion algorithm, namely the commanded body angular acceleration vector and linear longitudinal acceleration, serve as the inputs to a linear programming based control allocator. A method for improving the perfor
STORMLab for STEM Education: An Affordable Modular Robotic Kit for Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Education

The demand for graduates in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) has steadily increased in recent decades. In the United States alone, jobs for biomedical engineers are expected to increase by 62% by 2020, and jobs in software development and medical science are expected to increase by 32% and 36%, respectively [1]. Combined with an insufficient number of students enrolled in STEM fields, this will result in about 2.4 million STEM job vacancies by 2018 [2]. Therefore, increasing the number of STEM graduates is currently a national priority for many governments worldwide. An effective way to engage young minds in STEM disciplines is to introduce robotic kits into primary and secondary education [3]. The most widely used robotic kits, such as LEGO Mindstorm [4], VEX Robotics [5], and Fischertechnik [6], are composed of libraries of prefabricated parts that are not interoperable among kits from different vendors. As recently surveyed in Kee [7], alternatives to these popular kits are either highly modular but very expensive (e.g., Kondo [8], Bioloid [9], Cubelets [10], K-Junior V2, and Kephera [11]) and unaffordable for the majority of schools, or single-configuration and lowcost robots (e.g., AERObot [12], iRobot [13], and Boe-Bot [14]) with a restricted number of activities possible. An affordable solution that provides a number of interchangeable modules is littleBits [15]. This platform offers a variety of sensing and actuation modules that use magnets to connect, but it lacks programmability, thus limiting students' ability to learn about coding.
International “Big 4” and High Audit Quality——A Research Based on the Perspective of Stock Price Synchronicity

Using Chinese listed companies data from 2003 to 2011as samples,the paper examines the issue that whether the international"Big 4"accounting firms(Ernst Young,KPMG,Deloitte,and Price Waterhouse Coopers)provide significantly higher audit quality than China's accounting firms based on the new perspective of stock price synchronicity.The empirical results show that:there is no significant difference for stock price synchronicity between the companies audited by international"Big 4"and"non-Big 4"in China,indicating that the audit quality differences between them are not significant.Further test based on the"Big 4"accounting firms separately finds that the audit quality differences between Ernst Young,KPMG,Deloitte,and Price Waterhouse Coopers and"non-Big 4"are not significant.Finally the paper divides the sample into several sub-samples in accordance with accounting standards,investor protection degree,the nature of the ultimate controller and managerial ownership,and finds that the audit quality differences are still not significant in a variety of different internal and external governance environments.
Social Class and Reaction to Physical Disability

In this study the relationship between social class membership and reaction to physical disability was examined. It was hypothesized that this reaction would be conditioned by the relative emphasis attached to physique, and that this emphasis varied inversely with social class level, that is, the lower class would be expected to react more severely to physical impairment than would the middle class. Information was obtained on the families' definition of the problem, their intellectual optimism or pessimism, their actual behavior under these circumstances, and the relative emphasis which they attached to physique. The results showed that the majority of parents and children were well informed and generally quite optimistic about the problem. On the behavioral level, however, some families were able to cope more effectively than others; larger families managing a more balanced adjustment than smaller families. Lastly, most parents attached little significance to physique, and this seemed to facilitate thei...
Flow velocity studies in vein pouch model aneurysms

AbstractAn experimental study to measure the velocity profile within aneurysms has not been previously reported, although some theoretical works have been done1~3,5,9’10. In the present studies, measurements of the velocity and pressure waveforms within model aneurysms have been done using a constant temperature hot film anemometer and a high frequency pulsed directional ultrasonic Doppler. A vein grafted aneurysm model was used in this investigation. Turbulent flow was detected at the neck and body of aneurysms. Pressure waveforms were compared between aneurysms and the parent vessel. The results suggest that turbulence evidenced by the distorted flow and high pressure pulse waves may plan an important role in the growth and rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. The mechanisms of the growth and rupture of a cerebral aneurysm are discussed. [Neurol Res 1993; 15: 185–191]
Aptamer-Drug Conjugates for Targeted Therapy of CD30-expressing Lymphomas

CD30 is a biomarker for diagnosis and targeted therapy of Anaplastic Large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL). Our previous studies have demonstrated specific binding of RNA ...
Simultaneous Erosion and Oxidation of Nickel at High Temperatures

Structural alloys and coating alloys have been developed that successfully resist high temperature oxidation and, to a lesser extent, hot corrosion — depending on conditions. Such protection depends upon the maintenance of a surface layer of oxide that effectively separates the metal from the reactive environment.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERHITUNG ANAK USIA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK MELALUI DEMONSTRASI DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR

Peningkatan Keterampilan Berhitung Anak Usia Taman Kanak-kanak Melalui Demonstrasi dengan Media Gambar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan menghitung anak usia taman kanak-kanak melalui melalui demonstrasi dengan menggunakan media gambar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah murid TK Teratai UNM. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) observasi, (2) wawancara, (3) studi dokumentasi, dan (4) catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif yang dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan mulai dari reduksi data, beberan (display) data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pada keterampilan berhitung anak TK Teratai UNM setelah diterapkannya metode demonstrasi dengan media manipulatif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari kemampuan anak dalam penjumlahan dan pengurangan. Kata kunci: keterampilan berhitung, metode demonstrasi dan media manipulatif
Quantification of the dynamic changes in the absorption coefficient of water at Er:YAG and CO/sub 2/ laser wavelengths

Er:YAG and CO/sub 2/ lasers operating at 2.94, 9.6, and 10.6 /spl mu/m are routinely used in dermatologic, ophthalmic, dental and cardiovascular applications. However, the understanding of the mechanism(s) of laser-tissue interaction(s) still lags the growth in the clinical applications. As water is the dominant chromophore in the IR region and water is also the dominant constituent in virtually every soft tissue, the optical properties of tissue in the IR region are governed by the absorption spectrum of water. Consequently, the scientific and engineering communities have devoted considerable effort towards the development of IR emitting lasers for surgical applications. All development efforts have been based upon the low-intensity, room-temperature, spectroscopically determined Beer's law absorption spectrum for pure water. However, the low-intensity absorption coefficient of water does not accurately describe the absorption of laser radiation by tissue under high fluences or intensities. Studies employing a variety of IR lasers have reported results which are repeatedly inconsistent with predictions of ablation models based on the Beer's law absorption spectrum of water. The objective of the work was to quantify the dynamic changes in the absorption coefficient of water at 2.94, 9.6, and 10.6 /spl mu/m. Since soft tissue consists of 70%-80% water, emphasis was placed on studying the changes in the optical properties of water as a function of incident energy and wavelength. Understanding the changes in the optical properties of water is the first step towards understanding the more complicated process of laser-tissue interaction.
Effect of Sward Height on Pasture Nonstructural Carbohydrate Concentrations and Blood Glucose/Insulin Profiles in Grazing Horses

Abstract Six mature stock-type geldings with maintenance only requirements were used in a randomized cross-over design to determine the effect of sward height on pasture plant nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations and blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Horses were randomly assigned to one of two tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Schreb cv Max-Q, Pennington Seed, Madison, GA) grazing cells (0.37 ha) having two different sward heights for a period of 7 days: (1) short (approximately 15 cm; n = 3) or tall (between 30 and 40 cm; n = 3). After the first 7-day period, treatment groups were reversed by moving horses to ungrazed cells having similar characteristics to those used in the first 7 days, so that all horses receive all treatments resulting in six observations per treatment. Both short and tall grazing cells were mowed to a height of approximately 15 cm 32 days before the experiment starts. The short grazing cells were removed to approximately 15 cm at 11 days before the start of the first 7-day period and again 1 day before the start of each 7-day period. All horses had access to pasture for 10 h/d beginning at 8 AM and ending at 6 PM. Although not at pasture, all horses were individually housed in 3.7 × 12.2 m partially covered pens containing automatic water troughs and a crushed stone surface. Herbage mass (kg DM/ha) was determined by use of a falling plate meter for each pasture to ensure that both groups of horses had adequate dry matter to provide grazing for at least 7 days. On day 7 of each period, jugular venous blood samples were collected from each horse before being turned out to pasture, and then at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after turn-out. Pasture samples were also collected from each grazing cell at the same time blood samples were taken. Serum and plasma from blood samples were harvested and analyzed for insulin and glucose concentrations, respectively. Pasture samples were analyzed for water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), ethanol soluble carbohydrate (ESC), and starch. The sum of WSC and starch were used as an estimate of NSC. Area under the curve (AUC) and peak concentration were calculated for both plasma glucose (PPG) and serum insulin (PSI) concentration and were analyzed using analysis of variance for randomized cross-over designs. Pasture WSC, ESC, starch, and NSC concentrations were analyzed using analysis of variance for randomized complete block design. A P value of
The culture contributing to interruptions in the nursing work environment: An ethnography.

Aims and objectives To understand the occurrence of interruptions within the culture of the medical nursing unit work environment. Background Interruptions may lead to errors in nursing work. Little is known about how the culture of the nursing work environment contributes to interruptions. Design A micro-focused ethnographic study was conducted. Method Data collection involved extensive observation of a nursing unit, 1:1 observations of nurses and follow-up interviews with the nurses. Data were analysed from unstructured field notes and interview transcripts. The definitions of interruption and culture guided coding, categorising and identification of themes. Results A framework was developed that describes the medical nursing unit as a complex culture full of unpredictable, nonlinear changes that affect the entire interconnected system, often in the form of an interruption. The cultural elements contributing to interruptions included (i) the value placed on excellence in patient care and meeting personal needs, (ii) the beliefs that the nurses had to do everything by themselves and that every phone call was important, (iii) the patterns of changing patients, patient transport and coordination of resources and (iv) the normative practices of communicating and adapting. Conclusions Interruptions are an integral part of the culture of a medical nursing unit. Uniformly decreasing interruptions may disrupt current practices, such as communication to coordinate care, that are central to nursing work. In future research, the nursing work environment must be looked at through the lens of a complex system. Relevance to clinical practice Interventions to minimise the negative impact of interruptions must take into account the culture of the nursing as a complex adaptive system. Nurses should be educated on their own contribution to interruptions and issues addressed at a system level, rather than isolating the interruption as the central issue.
Electrochemical Technologies for Water Treatment, Management, and Efficiency

Reliable access to freshwater is an important issue today and will likely be of even greater importance in the future as the world's population grows and the use of water for human activities and manufacturing, including hydraulic fracking and other mining and industrial processes, increases. There are many critical and interrelated aspects of water treatment, including removal of nitrogen, heavy metals and suspended solids, industrial chemicals, and organic compounds. Several methods for treating freshwater exist, and significant research efforts continue to be expended. However, electrochemical processes may have distinct advantages over other processes, including scalability, point-of-source operational ability, easy of installation and operation, and readiness of integration into renewable energy sources. Electrochemical techniques can address nearly every aspect of water treatment, providing broad applicability. This article outlines recent advances in electrochemical wastewater treatment and provides a perspective on the future outlook of the technology. Multiple electrochemical treatment options are discussed, including removal and recovery of heavy metals, removal of suspended solids and organic compounds, as well as novel applications in the treatment of hydraulic fracking wastewater and nitrogen removal, among others.
The Effects of Children’s Health on Mothers’ Employment

When children have health problems, mothers face a tradeoff between the decision to work to satisfy increased expenses and the decision to stay home to fulfill enlarged caregiving needs, especially for children with chronic conditions. This research used an instrumental variables approach to investigate the labor market consequences of mothers due to burden to care children with health problems. We found mothers’ employment probability increased by 0.9% for every $100 of increased out-of-pocket medical spending, while employment probability fell by 1.0% for every half day of school/day care a sick child missed. By correcting for endogeneity we addressed a potential empirical bias. Analyses by subgroups showed that Hispanic mothers were less likely to work in the labor market with high caregiving burden. We also found that the effects of time burden on labor market outcomes were magnified for black mothers.
The early Paleozoic development of bioturbation—Evolutionary and geobiological consequences

Abstract Bioturbation, the physical and chemical mixing of sediments by burrowing animals, is a critical engineering process in modern seafloor environments and exerts an important control on not only benthic ecology and sediment properties but also ocean-wide biogeochemical cycling. Well-mixed sediments have long been assumed to appear at the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary with the first occurrence of the index fossil and three-dimensional burrow Treptichnus pedum. However, field-based analyses, synthesizing ichnological, stratigraphic, sedimentological and taphonomic data collected from lower Paleozoic successions worldwide, indicate that sediment mixing in marine shelf environments remained limited until at least the late Silurian, 120 million years after the Precambrian–Cambrian transition. In spite of early advances in complex modes of infaunalization, mixed layer development had a much more gradual trajectory and did not occur in step with the first appearance of three-dimensional burrows. The delayed appearance of modern-style intensities of sediment reworking—postdating both the Cambrian Explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event—may be due to the late-stage radiation of mobile infaunal deposit-feeders (biological bulldozers)—the organisms which are, in modern marine settings, the most efficient bioturbators. The protracted development of the sediment mixed layer holds important implications for contemporaneous biogeochemical cycling and oxygenation of the ocean-atmosphere system. The delayed development of intensive sediment mixing may have also mediated exceptional preservation of both fossilized soft tissues and shallow-tier trace fossils, and may therefore have contributed to the anomalous preponderance of Konservat Lagerstatten and exceptionally preserved shallow-tier trace fossils and bioglyphs characteristic of the lower Paleozoic stratigraphic record.
Effective Communication—Tips and Tricks

Engaging, effective and transparent communication between physicians and their patients, the patients’ family members, and other medical staff is paramount patient safety and for building the foundation of the physician-patient relationship. Understanding the needs, wishes and beliefs of patients helps delineate their care plan, improve their outcomes and greatly decrease the risk of litigation. Physicians and other members of the health care team have adopted the use of standardized communication tools to ensure vital information is shared and the mutually understood. The use of mnemonic algorithms and the implementation of safety system practices adopted from other high-risk domains are helpful tools to increase patient safety in surgery.
Effect of the callipyge phenotype and cooking method on tenderness of several major lamb muscles

We conducted three experiments to determine the effects of the callipyge phenotype on the tenderness of several major lamb muscles and to determine the effect of method of cookery on the tenderness of callipyge lamb at 7 d postmortem. In Exp. 1, chops from normal (n = 23) and callipyge (n = 16) carcasses were open-hearth-broiled. Warner-Bratzler shear force values of longissimus, gluteus medius, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, adductor, and quadriceps femoris were 123, 44, 28, 26, 19, 16, and 13% greater, respectively, for callipyge (P < .05). In Exp. 2, muscles from normal (n = 18) and callipyge (n = 18) carcasses were oven-roasted. Shear force of triceps brachii was 11% greater for callipyge (P < .001); however, phenotype did not affect shear force of supraspinatus (P = .87) or psoas major (P = .64). In Exp. 3, a trained sensory panel evaluated leg roasts and open-hearth-broiled leg chops from normal (n = 60) and callipyge lamb carcasses (n = 60). Callipyge chops were less tender than normal chops (P < .05). Regardless of callipyge phenotype, muscles were more (P < .05) tender when roasted; however, the effect of method of cookery on tenderness scores was greater for callipyge muscles than for normal muscles. Callipyge roasts and normal roasts had similar tenderness (P = .58), and callipyge roasts were more tender than normal chops (P < .05). Regardless of cooking method, callipyge samples were less juicy than normal samples (P < .05). These data demonstrate that the callipyge phenotype will likely reduce consumer satisfaction due to reduced tenderness and juiciness; however, reduced tenderness in callipyge leg muscles could be prevented by ovenroasting.
Narrative Texts for Positioning Research

The chapter begins with an explanation of narratology and narrative inquiry. It describes different types of narrative texts that one can collect to conduct positioning analysis in applied linguistics research. After describing the link between positioning theory and narrative inquiry, the chapter introduces Bamberg’s (1997, 2012) and Soreide’s work (2006) on narrative positioning. It concludes with two example narrative texts to illustrate how narrative positioning analysis is conducted, and how positioning and narrative analyses complement each other.
Existence and multiplicity of positive radial solutions for singular superlinear elliptic systems in the exterior of a ball

Abstract We prove the existence and multiplicity of positive radial solutions to the nonlinear system { − Δ u i = λ K i ( | x | ) f i ( u j ) in Ω , d i ∂ u i ∂ n + c ˜ i ( u i ) u i = 0 on | x | = r 0 , u i ( x ) → 0 as | x | → ∞ , for a certain range of λ > 0 , where i , j ∈ { 1 , 2 } , i ≠ j , Ω = { x ∈ R N : | x | > r 0 > 0 } , N > 2 , d i ≥ 0 , K i : [ r 0 , ∞ ) → ( 0 , ∞ ) , c ˜ : [ 0 , ∞ ) → [ 0 , ∞ ) , f i : ( 0 , ∞ ) → R are continuous with possible singularity ±∞ at 0 and satisfy a combined superlinear condition at ∞.
What Does it Mean to be Smart? A Narrative Approach to Exploring Complex Constructs

This Research Work in Progress paper focuses on the use of narrative methods to explore the complex and overlapping constructs of beliefs about smartness and identity in first-year engineering students. This effort is motivated, in part, by the perspective that the first year of engineering at the university level can be a source of hardship for many students. Not only are they navigating a new environment away from home, but they are also often experiencing new educational challenges that can push them to re-evaluate their identities with respect to smartness and becoming an engineer. We are interested in understanding how students construct and tell stories about their life experiences as learners and how these stories provide insight to their beliefs about smartness and their related identities as students or as engineers. Because these constructs are complex and overlapping, we conducted narrative-style interviews with students who self-identified as having an interesting story to tell about an educational struggle during their first year in an undergraduate engineering program. We are motivated to answer the following research questions: In what ways do narrative style interviews provide insight into complex constructs related to beliefs about smartness and identity? How do first-year engineering students describe their educational experiences with respect to smartness and identity? To scope our work, we frame beliefs about smartness through the use of Dweck‘s mindset theory, and for identity, we use Gee‘s identity lens coupled with Godwin‘s definition of engineering student identity. Due to the WIP nature of this research, we are still fully conceptualizing the potential impacts and implications of this work. At the time of presentation, we share our experience using narrative style interviews paired with preliminary findings related to the posed research questions.
Structure of PtCl2[C3H4(C6H5)2](C5H5N)2 · C2H5OH, a substituted cyclopropane complex of platinum

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of a 1,2-diphenylcyclopropane complex of platinum, PtCl2[C3H4(C6H5)2] (C5H5N)2, has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The crystal has symmetry consistent with space group P 1 (Ci1) with four molecules of the complex and two molecules of ethanol of crystallisation in a unit cell of dimensions a = 13.148(6), b = 14.052(7), c = 17.860(8) A; α = 62.53(1), β = 108.25(3), γ = 114.69(3)°. The structure was refined by least-squares techniques to a conventional R-factor of 10.0% using 2804 reflections, collected using a four-circle diffractometer, for which F2 ⩾ σ(F2). The ethanol of crystallisation was highly disordered, and a satisfactory description was not obtained for it. There are two independent complex platinum molecules in the unit cell and, whilst the mode of attachment of the substituted cyclopropane is basically similar in the two molecules, there are significant differences between the observed geometries, and the two molecules are not equivalent. The platinum atoms in both molecules have two chlorine atoms trans in axial positions and two cis pyridine ligands in the equatorial plane; the coordination sphere is completed by the cyclopropane ligand which has two of its ring carbon atoms in the equatorial plane approximately equidistant from platinum and the third ring carbon atom considerably further away from platinum and slightly displaced from the equatorial plane. In one of the complex molecules, the angle subtended to platinum by the nitrogen atoms of the pyridine ligands is 92(1)° and the plane of one of the phenyl rings is perpendicular to the cyclopropane ring plane; in the other complex molecule, the corresponding N-Pt-N angle is 82(1)° and the planes of the phenyl and cyclopropane rings are not mutually perpendicular. The bonding of cyclopropaneto platinum was rationalised using a four-centre localised molecular orbital scheme.
Transition-State Stabilization by n→π* Interactions Measured Using Molecular Rotors

A series of 16 molecular rotors were synthesized to investigate the ability of n→π* interactions to stabilize transition states (TSs) of bond rotation. Steric contributions to the rotational barrier were isolated using control rotors, which could not form n→π* interactions. Rotors with strong acceptor π* orbitals, such as ketones and aldehydes, had greatly increased rates of rotation. The TS stabilization of up to ∼10 kcal/mol was consistent with the formation of a strong n→π* stabilization between the imide carbonyl oxygens and the ortho R group in the planar TS. Computational studies effectively modeled the TS stabilization and geometry, and NBO analysis confirmed the role of n→π* interactions in stabilizing the TS.
Chapter 2 – Basic Concepts

Publisher Summary Groundwater is present and in motion in almost all geological formations. In some materials, such as clay or rock, movement is very slow as compared to the groundwater flowing in sand and gravel formations. Highly fractured rock, however, may exhibit groundwater discharges equal to or in excess of sand and gravel aquifers. These aquifers comprise groundwater resource and are the subject of the groundwater modeling discussions in this chapter. Darcy's experimental law represents a linear relationship between the hydraulic gradient and the specific discharge vector, indicating laminar flow conditions. The laminar nature of groundwater flow has an important implication regarding the movement of contaminated groundwater. On the macroscopic scale, water particles tend to move parallel to each other in an orderly linear motion, rather than the turbulent mixing that occurs in some rapidly flowing surface waters. Consequently, mechanical mixing of clean and contaminated groundwater does not, occur in aquifers. Instead, it is molecular diffusion which drives some contaminants from contaminated water to adjacent clean water.
More than Just a Crash of Rhinos: A Self-Study of My Time as a Wildlife Interpreter:

This study seeks to fill a gap in research on interpretation by using my experience as an interpretive guide to critically examine the goals of interpretation and the use of the best practices of i...
Transesophageal echocardiographic predictors of intraventricular conduction delay in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Introduction Patient anatomical features, such as shorter membranous septum (MS) length, on computed tomography have been shown to predict conduction abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This relationship has not yet been evaluated using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Our hypothesis is that the distance from the aortic annulus to the septal bulge, a surrogate of MS distance and length, will be associated with a new interventricular conduction delay and heart block post-TAVR. Likewise, we hypothesize an implantation depth of the valve closer to the septal bulge will also predict post-TAVR interventricular conduction delay. Methods Comprehensive intraprocedural echocardiographic data were analyzed retrospectively on 88 patients who underwent TAVR under general anesthesia with TEE. Pre-procedural MS distance and post-procedural implantation depth (quantified as the inferior border of valve to septal bulge) were measured in the mid-esophageal long axis view of the aortic valve in mid-systole. EKGs were evaluated pre-TAVR and immediately post-valve deployment. Univariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of a need for post-operative pacemaker (PM) implantation and new bundle branch block (BBB). Results The population consisted of 88 patients undergoing TAVR with TEE from 2017-2018 at our institution. The median age was 84, 45/88 (51.1%) were female. After TAVR, 7/88 (7.9%) had PPM placed and 21/88 (23.8%) had a new bundle branch block, transient or permanent. MS length was inversely associated with the risk of developing an interventricular conduction delay after TAVR (OR=0.19, CI 0.05-0.75, p=0.018). As shown in Table 1, the implantation distance was inversely associated with the need for a pacemaker or developing a new interventricular conduction delay after TAVR (OR=0.19, Cl 0.06-0.6, p=0.006). Discussion MS length and valve implantation depth on intraprocedural TEE are inversely associated with the risk of developing conduction abnormalities post-TAVR. TEE assessment may be comparable to CT in predicting post-TAVI high-grade atrioventricular block, and has the additional benefit of being performed intraprocedurally in selected patients.
Torsion of an accessory spleen

Abstract An accessory spleen is commonly an incidental detection. Torsion of an accessory spleen is an uncommon reason of abdominal pain. We report the case of a 12-year-old female was admitted with acute abdominal pain that began 5 days earlier. In the face of the acute pain, a laparotomy was necessary. At laparotomy, the patient was found to have twisted and infarction of an accessory spleen with a long pedicle ending near the splenic hilum. The procedure was a removal of the accessory wandering spleen and the evolution was favorable.
Perfluorocarbon nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy.

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality in which a photosensitizer is irradiated with light, producing reactive oxygen species, often via energy transfer with oxygen. As it is common for tumors to be hypoxic, methods to deliver photosensitizer and oxygen are desirable. One such approach is the use of perfluorocarbons, molecules in which all C–H bonds are replaced with C–F bonds, to co-deliver oxygen because of the high solubility of gases in perfluorocarbons. This review highlights the benefits and limitations of several fluorinated nanomaterial architectures for use in PDT.
Radiation Contamination Safety: Lu-177 Efficiency Calculation.

3053 Objectives: The focus of our research project is to calculate efficiency of Lutetium-177 (Lu-177) in our Captus 3000 well counter and apply the results to the wipe samples taken of the restroom, post Lu-177 dotatate, Lutathera therapy, in order to determine contamination above a trigger level.Lutathera, is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Lutathera is a radioactive drug serving as a therapy that works by binding to cell surface somatostatin receptors which are present in NET’s. After binding to the receptor, the drug enters the cell, allowing radiation to cause damage to the tumor cells. Due to the concurrent amino acid administration, patients frequently feel ill. The treatment usually lasts 4-6 hours. So, along with the side effects of feeling ill, it is important for the patient to have a private bathroom during the time of this treatment. To prevent contamination, the bathroom is papered (see poster). After the treatment is completed it is important to ensure the bathroom is not contaminated by Lu-177 (T ½ 6.73 days). The absorbent paper used to line the bathroom is stored for decay, and the room is then surveyed with a Geiger-Mueller survey meter. Wipe samples are also obtained for the same areas. The wipe samples are then measured in the Captus 3000 Well Counter to evaluate for contamination. Methods: In order to evaluate the significance of the wipe results, the efficiency of the well counter must be determined in relation to Lu-177. A known activity and volume of an unused Lu-177 dose was obtained and utilized. The sample was counted 4 times for 1 minute each and the mean counts per minute (cpm) was calculated on the Captus 3000 Well Counter. A full spectrum of 0-2000 keV was used because the photopeaks of Lu-177 are 113 keV and 201 keV. The source was decayed from it’s original calibration date (12/11/2018), to the date we calculated the efficiency (01/16/2019). Results and Conclusions: The efficiency was calculated to be 5.9%. For a given trigger level of 2000 disintegrations per minute (dpm) , a wipe of 118 cpm over background on the Captus 3000 Well Counter could represent removable contamination.
Establishing the Minimum Intensity of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Superconditioning Pulses to Effect Inhibition and Facilitation of Motor Evoked Potentials.

Purpose Previously, we showed that a three-pulse train of weak transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses-a superconditioning (SC) train-when followed by a stronger TMS pulse could enhance the inhibition or facilitation of the resultant motor evoked potential (MEP) compared with that seen with traditional dual-pulse inputs. The purpose of the present study was to establish the relative minimum intensity of SC pulses needed to influence MEP output and whether this differed for upper- versus lower-limb muscles. Methods We examined 33 older adult subjects, targeting abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior muscles. Older subjects were included in the anticipation of using findings from this study to guide further studies in persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Three-pulse trains of SC inputs of different intensities were delivered either 1 millisecond before (for inhibition) or 10 millisecond before (for facilitation) a stronger TMS test pulse. Motor evoked potential magnitudes for SC +test sets were normalized to test input responses and were compared within and between subjects. Results and conclusions For inhibition, the minimum intensity of SC pulses needed to influence the follow-on MEP was found to be 60% of the target muscle's resting three-pulse MEP threshold for most abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior muscles (2-millisecond interpulse intervals). For facilitation, somewhat higher intensities (70%) were typically needed to cause facilitation. Both values of SC pulses for inhibition/facilitation are considerably lower than the intensity of the conditioning pulse-often reported as 80% of the single-pulse threshold-typically used in dual-pulse TMS paradigms. This approach may allow testing of upper motor neuron function using weaker stimulus pulse intensities than are typically employed, improving testing compliance in persons whose thresholds are elevated because of injury or disease.
Students' Perceptions of Clinical Education during a Global Pandemic

Introduction Clinical education is an essential component of allied health programs. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic had significant impacts on clinical education. The central purpose of this research was to recognize student perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their face-to-face clinical experiences during the global pandemic. Methods A Qualtrics survey was sent to 80 physical therapist assistant students whose clinical education was affected during the 2019 to 2020 academic year. Subjects were asked about the following: factors that influenced their decision to complete clinical rotations during the pandemic; perceptions of learning, safety, and stress under these conditions as well as perceptions of the effectiveness of clinical preparatory activities. Results Twenty-six responses to the survey were received and analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonpaired t-tests calculated for each scaled survey item to compare groups. A majority (83.3%) of the respondents reported graduation followed by professional experience (58.3%) as extremely important factors of consideration for participation in clinical education. Personal safety (33.3%) ranked the lowest of the extremely important factors. In preparing for the clinical experience, 75% reported that individual or small group meetings with the faculty member were extremely helpful. The majority of students (78.26%) strongly agreed that they learned a great deal from the clinical experiences under global pandemic; however, 52.17% reported they found the clinical experiences to be stressful. Conclusion During the global pandemic, students placed greater value on interpersonal, trusted relationships when seeking information. Even though students felt stressed during their clinical education, they perceived that learning did occur. As the impacts of COVID-19 remain, physical therapy programs can use this data to recognize areas that require increased support and preparation for students' clinical experiences to encourage an impactful and sustainable future in clinical education.
Composite Foam Technologies for Hydrogen Storage

Inergy Automotive Systems examines the internal microscopic structure of polymer and composite materials using various methods, in order to examine the similarity in their behaviour to those structures of a crystalline metallic type.
Thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry investigations of benzoic acid interactions with sodium and calcium montmorillonites

Abstract Results from thermal analyses of sodium and calcium montmorillonites containing adsorbed benzoic acid are described. Based on these results, adsorption sites and thermal desorption processes are elucidated. Desorption of interlayer water is affected by the presence of benzoic acid, which disrupts cation–water interactions. Multiple benzoic acid desorption sites are indicated, which have properties that depend on the clay interlayer cation. Benzoic acid desorption occurs at higher temperatures for clays containing calcium ions compared to those containing sodium ions, presumably due to stronger interactions between the adsorbate and calcium ions. Benzoic acid desorption profiles, as well as the detection of decomposition products, suggest that benzoic acid persists on clays to temperatures as high as 550 °C. Above 300 °C, benzoic acid decomposes, yielding benzene and carbon dioxide.