cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-valent first-row transition-metal complexes of tetraamido (4N) and diamidodialkoxido or diamidophenolato (2N/2O) ligands: Synthesis, structure, and magnetochemistry

Abstract Introduced approximately two decades ago, macrocyclic deprotonated tetraamido (4 N ) and, nearly a decade earlier, acyclic diamidodialkoxido or diamidophenolato (2 N /2 O ) ligand systems have been used, among other things, for the synthesis of a wide variety of high-valent complexes of iron, manganese, cobalt, vanadium, nickel, chromium, and copper. Structural, magnetic, and catalytic properties of these mononuclear, dinuclear, and polynuclear complexes created by the Collins group are reviewed. The present account continues an overview of complexes of this type published recently and devoted to iron species exclusively [Chanda et al., J. Inorg. Biochem., 100 (2006) 606], which provide the first highly effective small molecule mimics of peroxidase enzymes, called TAML activators. The story of the reviewed first-row complexes does not include the diverse and instructive chemistry discovered for osmium, but like the osmium chemistry, it derives its greatest significance from the fact that key members of the various species mark the steps along the design pathway that led to iron-TAML activators. Consideration is given to recent questioning in the literature of the innocence of a TAML system that was designed to be innocent. The reasons underlying the now 15-year old refocusing of our research program on oxidation catalysis and green chemistry with the associated termination of research into designed molecule-based magnetic materials are explained. Our closing contributions from the mid-1990s to the design of molecule-based magnetic materials are reviewed. Previously reported data are discussed in conjunction with newly obtained information on the complexes using density functional theory.
Some characteristics of dye lasers with nitrogen laser pulse excitation

Results from experiments in which the ultraviolet pulses from a nitrogen laser are used to obtain laser action from organic dyes are described. The dyes include three in the xanthene group (rhodamine 6G, B, and sodium fluorescein) and two coumarins, 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin and 7-N-dimethylamino-4, 6-dimethylcoumarin) in ethanol solvent. With these dyes, laser power is available over the entire visible range from 4200 to 6300 A when used with a rotatabie diffraction grating. The range of tunability of one of the dyes was extended to ∼ 1000 A by appropriate acidification. The spectral halfwidth of the light varied between 7 and 15 A over the range of tunability. Maximum repetition rates of 100 pps were obtained. Maximum power efficiency of ∼ 25% was found for rhodamine 6G. Overall output pulse shapes were found to be in agreement with the theory of Sorokinet al. Output pulse widths varied from ∼ 1 to 7 nsec. Other dyes which we have found to lase by this method of excitation include acridone, chloro-aluminium pthalocyanine and 4-methylumbelliferone. However, these dyes will not be discussed further in the text.
Anthropogenic lead in Antarctic sea water

ANTARCTICA is believed to be a relatively pristine continent, mainly because of its remote location and the atmospheric circulation patterns that limit the transport of industrial aerosols into the Antarctic polar cell1–4. This perception is apparently supported by the extremely low concentrations of lead in Antarctic surface waters―an observation that has been interpreted as showing insig-nificant contamination by anthropogenic lead5. The isotopic com-position of lead in other natural waters has been used as a tracer of the sources of lead, and in particular to identify anthropogenic inputs6,7. Here we apply this approach to Antarctic surface waters, and show that despite the low concentrations of lead in these waters (which are confirmed by our measurements), their isotopic compo-sition reveals a significant contribution of lead from industrial sources. The extremely low concentrations of lead in these waters appear to be due to biological scavenging of the lead during periods of intense primary production.
Pharmacy characteristics associated with the provision of drug therapy services in nonmetropolitan community pharmacies.

ABSTRACT: Context: Higher prevalence of chronic diseases and reduced access to other health professionals in rural areas suggest that rural Medicare enrollees will benefit from pharmacist-provided drug therapy services (DTS). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe non-metropolitan community pharmacy sites in Wisconsin, the provision of DTS at these sites, and to identify factors associated with provision of DTS. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey design was used to collect primary data in 2005. The manager/owner listed for each of the 279 non-metropolitan community pharmacy sites in Wisconsin was surveyed using an 8-page instrument. The 7 drug therapy services that key informants were asked to report on included 6 disease state management (DSM) programs and medication therapy management services (MTMS). Descriptive statistics were calculated for variables describing the pharmacy sites and how DTS were provided. Logistic regression was performed, with any drug therapy service provision as the dependent variable and 8 independent variables. Findings: The response rate to the survey was 44%. Overall, 31% of the respondent pharmacies offered MTMS and 31% offered DSM programs. Higher service orientation, location in a more rural area, and lower workload per pharmacist were significantly positively related to provision of any DTS. Conclusions: Conducted 4 months prior to the implementation of Medicare Part D, the results serve as a baseline against which the effects of Part D on MTMS provision may be evaluated. The negative association of pharmacist workload with pharmacy provision of DTS, coupled with the current pharmacist shortage, has important implications for patients' access to these services in rural areas.
Small pneumoconiotic opacities on U.S. coal worker surveillance chest radiographs are not predominantly in the upper lung zones.

Background Radiographic shadows of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) are commonly described as predominantly in the upper lung zones. Methods We evaluated the lung distribution of small opacities on surveillance chest radiographs (CXRs) taken between 1981 and 2010 among 2,467 underground US coal miners. All had evidence of pneumoconiosis (category ≥1/0), based on the contemporary International Labour Office Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses. Results Small opacity involvement was approximately equal over all lung zones, with 30.7% of the total involvement reported in the upper zones, 37.1% in the middle zones, and 32.1% in the lower zones. Primarily rounded opacities were seen in 62.1% of miners and primarily irregular opacities were seen in 37.9%. Miners with primarily rounded opacities had a distribution with moderate upper zone predominance (upper = 36.8%, middle = 36.5%, and lower = 27.2%). In contrast, miners with primarily irregular opacities showed a lower zone preponderance (upper = 20.5%, middle = 38.4%, and lower = 41.1%). Conclusion The distribution of small pneumoconiotic opacities on surveillance CXRs of working US coal miners is not consistent with the conventional expectations of upper lung zone predominance. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:793–798, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hume on space, geometry, and diagrammatic reasoning

Hume’s discussion of space, time, and mathematics at T 1.2 appeared to many earlier commentators as one of the weakest parts of his philosophy. From the point of view of pure mathematics, for example, Hume’s assumptions about the infinite may appear as crude misunderstandings of the continuum and infinite divisibility. I shall argue, on the contrary, that Hume’s views on this topic are deeply connected with his radically empiricist reliance on phenomenologically given sensory images. He insightfully shows that, working within this epistemological model, we cannot attain complete certainty about the continuum but only at most about discrete quantity. Geometry, in contrast to arithmetic, cannot be a fully exact science. A number of more recent commentators have offered sympathetic interpretations of Hume’s discussion aiming to correct the older tendency to dismiss this part of the Treatise as weak and confused. Most of these commentators interpret Hume as anticipating the contemporary idea of a finite or discrete geometry. They view Hume’s conception that space is composed of simple indivisible minima as a forerunner of the conception that space is a discretely (rather than continuously) ordered set. This approach, in my view, is helpful as far as it goes, but there are several important features of Hume’s discussion that are not sufficiently appreciated. I go beyond these recent commentators by emphasizing three of Hume’s most original contributions. First, Hume’s epistemological model invokes the “confounding” of indivisible minima to explain the appearance of spatial continuity. Second, Hume’s sharp contrast between the perfect exactitude of arithmetic and the irremediable inexactitude of geometry reverses the more familiar conception of the early modern tradition in pure mathematics, according to which geometry (the science of continuous quantity) has its own standard of equality that is independent from and more exact than any corresponding standard supplied by algebra and arithmetic (the sciences of discrete quantity). Third, Hume has a developed explanation of how geometry (traditional Euclidean geometry) is nonetheless possible as an axiomatic demonstrative science possessing considerably more exactitude and certainty that the “loose judgements” of the vulgar.
DEFINING THE EMOTIONAL CONTOURS OF EXOTIC DANCE

Recent years have witnessed a surge of investigative and reflective writings about sex work, many by sex workers themselves. Katherine Frank and Elisabeth Eaves’ books are recent additions to this growing field of study. In G-Strings and Sympathy: Strip Club Regulars and Male Desire, Katherine Frank analyzes the contexts and meanings of strip clubs for heterosexual male clients. In Bare: On Women, Dancing, Sex, and Power, Elisabeth Eaves recounts her experiences as a peep show dancer and stripper. Though covering similar territory, their analytic paths diverge widely. As a reader at the cross-roads of choosing either book, the choice is a matter of intellectual standards, taste, and purpose.
Ambient Temperature Effects on Paired Associate Learning

Male college students learned and later recalled a paired associate list (word-number pairs) in one of five air (dry bulb) temperatures (52, 62, 72. 82, or 92°F), with wet bulb temperature held constant. They learned and recalled best at 72°F, with performance declining at successively lower and higher air temperatures. In a second experiment, dry and wet bulb temperatures were varied from 52-82°F, in 5° increments, with relative humidity held constant. Other male students learned equally well in these effective temperatures. It was concluded that rote verbal learning may not be impaired even by quite low air temperatures, if relative humidity is controlled appropriately.
Development of a 3D geologic model and database for dragline mine planning on a microcomputer

ABSTRACT There are a large number of variables that must be taken into account for the development of a dragline mine plan. This is especially true for mining in mountainous terrain, where the geology and topography may be complex. As a result, the manual mine planning process can be very tedious and time consuming An interactive computer package was developed in order to aid the engineer with dragline mine planning on a PC based system. This package employs recent advances in 3D computer graphics and 3D geologic modelling to help with the visualization of the mine plan and to speed up the planning process One of the main difficulty with the development of mine planning software for microcomputers is due to the limited amount of available RAM (Random Access Memory). This, in turn, affects the speed of information retrieval from the database and the speed of data processing. A compact geologic and mine model and an efficient database were developed to overcome these limitations. These components where then...
Maltreatment's Wake: The Relationship of Maltreatment Dimensions to Child Outcomes.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the extent to which, in combination, the best constructions of basic dimensions of maltreatment, identified in other papers from LONGSCAN, predict child outcomes. Method: Maltreatment records of a sample of 203 children were used to define dimensions of maltreatment related to Type, Severity, Chronicity, and Age at First Report. The definitions were based upon findings presented in other papers in this special issue. Children's behavioral and emotional functioning was examined at age 8 using standardized measures of problem behaviors, socialization and adaptation, and trauma symptomatology. Backward elimination regression was used to screen for interactions among the dimensions; regression models including dimensions and significant interactions were then run for each child outcome. Stratified partial correlations were utilized to explicate significant interactions. Results: Individual maltreatment dimensions were found to have distinct effects on child functioning. Additionally, dimensions of maltreatment were interrelated and interacted in determining outcomes. Type of maltreatment (as indicated by the maximum severity rating of each type) was the most consistent predictor across outcomes, albeit different types predicted different outcomes. Various dimensional interactions were significant predictors of different outcomes. Conclusion: The results suggest that a comprehensive assessment of a child's maltreatment experience, including type and severity, when the maltreatment began and the pattern of maltreatment across the life span, is important to understanding the effects of maltreatment on children's growth and development.
Anomalous course of left pulmonary artery: A cause of obstructive emphysema in infants

Summary A case of infantile emphysema dueto bronchial compression and obstruction by an anomalous left pulmonary artery is described. The clinical features of this anomalyas illustrated by this case include: onset of respiratory difficulty in the neonatal period, prolonged expiratory phase with wheezing, and right-sided, multilobular emphysema with mediastinal shift to the left. This is the ninth case of this anomaly to be reported. Anatomic and clinical similarities in the nine known cases indicate a definite entity. Attention is called to the successfulsurgical correction of such a lesion by Potts and associates.1
A quantum field theoretic description of linking numbers and their generalization

It is shown that the linking number of two surfaces of dimensionp andn−p−1 in ann dimensional manifold has a natural description in terms of the two-point funciton of a simple topological field theory. The two-point function of a more general theory (whose partition function yields the Ray-Singer torsion) provides a definition for a generalized linking number.
Effects of Base Polymer Hydrophobicity and End-Group Modification on Polymeric Gene Delivery

A new 320-member polymer library of end-modified poly(β-amino ester)s was synthesized. This library was chosen such that small differences to the structures of component backbone, side-chain, and end-group monomers could be systematically and simultaneously evaluated. The in vitro transfection efficacy and cytotoxicity of DNA nanoparticles formed from this library were assessed. This library approach not only enabled us to synthesize and test a large variety of structures rapidly but also provided us with a robust data set to analyze for the effect of small structural permutations to polymer chain structure. Small changes to the side chains, backbones, and end groups within this polymer library produced dramatic results, with transfection efficacy of CMV-Luc varying over 4 orders in a 96-well plate format. Increasing hydrophobicity of the base polymer backbone and side chain tended to increase transfection efficacy, but the most hydrophobic side chains and backbones showed the least requirement for a hydrophobic pair. Optimal PBAE formulations were superior to commercially available nonviral alternatives FuGENE HD and Lipofectamine 2000, enabling ~3-fold increased luminescence (2.2 × 10(6) RLU/well vs 8.1 × 10(5) RLU/well) and 2-fold increased transfection percentage (76.7% vs 42.9%) as measured by flow cytometry with comparable or reduced toxicity.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SOURCE FINGERPRINTING OF DEPOSITIONAL OIL FROM THE KUWAIT OIL FIRES

ABSTRACT Depositional oil and soot derived from the 1991 Kuwait oil field fires produced huge tar mats in the desert. The concentration of oil in the upper 5 cm of the desert surface ranged from 1.16 to 8.92 percent oil by weight as determined by TPH analysis over a 10 km transect in southern Kuwait. The mean concentration of asphaltenes in the tar mat samples was estimated at 62 percent; a greater than 17-fold increase in concentration over unweathered Kuwait crude oil. The remaining oil forming these tar mats is believed to be derived from petroleum that escaped combustion within the well fires. Results from GC/MS analyses characterize the depositional oil as being significantly altered by evaporative weathering. We suspect that evaporation of the depositional oil will continue, further consolidating the weathered oil, sand, and soot into asphalt-like zones which will remain for a very long time as features of the Kuwait desert. Significant quantities of oil residue from the fires also fell into the Ara...
CD137 agonist antibody prevents cancer recurrence: contribution of CD137 on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells

Antigen-specific memory T cells (Tms) are essential in the immune surveillance of residual and metastatic tumors. Activation of Tms requires designing vaccines based on tumor rejection antigens, which are often not available to cancer patients. Therefore, it is desirable to have a general applicable approach to activate Tms without extensive knowledge of tumor antigens. Here, we report that activation of antigen-specific Tms could be achieved by the administration of agonistic anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody without additional tumor vaccination, leading to the prevention of recurrence and metastases after surgical resection of primary tumors in mouse models. By reconstitution with CD137-deficient Tms, we demonstrate that expression of CD137 on antigen-specific Tms is only partially required for the effect of anti-CD137 antibody. Other host cells, including those from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origins, are also important because ablation of CD137 from these cells partially but significantly eliminates antitumor effect of anti-CD137 antibody. Our findings implicate a potential new approach to prevent recurrence and metastases in cancer patients.
Comparison of the Pseudorabies Virus Us9 Protein with Homologs from Other Veterinary and Human Alphaherpesviruses

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) Us9 is a small, tail-anchored (TA) membrane protein that is essential for axonal sorting of viral structural proteins and is highly conserved among other members of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily. We cloned the Us9 homologs from two human pathogens, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), as well as two veterinary pathogens, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), and fused them to enhanced green fluorescent protein to examine their subcellular localization and membrane topology. Akin to PRV Us9, all of the Us9 homologs localized to the trans-Golgi network and had a type II membrane topology (typical of TA proteins). Furthermore, we examined whether any of the Us9 homologs could compensate for the loss of PRV Us9 in anterograde, neuron-to-cell spread of infection in a compartmented chamber system. EHV-1 and BHV-1 Us9 were able to fully compensate for the loss of PRV Us9, whereas VZV and HSV-1 Us9 proteins were unable to functionally replace PRV Us9 when they were expressed in a PRV background.
Hydrologic impact of tropical storm Agnes

Abstract The greatest rainfall amounts from the June 1972 tropical storm that devastated the Susquehanna river valley occurred over the East Mahantango Creek Watershed. This 162-sq.mile area in the Ridge and Valley Province of eastern Pennsylvania is a densely instrumented research watershed, operated by the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA. Instrumentation includes 33 20-inch capacity, digital recording rain gages and seven stream gaging sites. Data from tropical storm Agnes were analyzed with respect to watershed yield and return period frequency. Antecedent conditions and events preceding the storm are discussed. The maximum rainfall in this storm was 14.9 inches for 24 h and 18.2 inches for the entire storm (3 days). Partial and complete runoff records are presented for areas of 162, 76.1, 44.6, 10.1, 2.77 and 0.76 sq.miles. The peak flow at the 162-sq.mile point was over 400 csm (ft.3 sec−1 sq.mile−1) and at the 10.1-sq.mile watershed, over 1,200 csm. The rainfall and runoff events were several times greater than those expected for return period frequency of 100 years. Data from the 2.77-sq.mile watershed indicate that runoff rates in the latter part of the storm were approximately equal to the rainfall rates.
Decrease of hepatic mono and oligo adenosine diphosphoribose content and augmentation of [14C]ribose incorporation during induction of growth by bovine growth hormone in hypophysectomized rats

Abstract Following in vivo pulse labeling with [14C]ribose the specific radioactivities of mono- and polyadenosine diphosphoribose, NAD and adenine nucleotides were determined in livers of hypophysectomized Long Evans rats. These analyses were also performed after induction of growth with four successive daily injections of bovine growth hormone. As a consequence of brief treatment with growth hormone polyadenosine diphosphoribose content markedly diminished whereas its specific radioactivity increased. NAD concentration did not vary but its specific radioactivity increased similarly to that of the homopolymer. The steady state concentration of adenine nucleotides remained unchanged, except for ATP which decreased, and their specific radioactivities uniformly decreased.
Cluster formulation in the dual topological unitarization scheme

The work of Chiu, Hossain, and Tow is generalized by incorporating the no-double-counting condition and the ${t}_{min}$ effect in the integral equations for the Reggeon and the Pomeron. The relation between the no-double-counting condition and the average cluster separation is derived, and a test is proposed to determine the correct counting. It is shown that the ${t}_{min}$ effect is quite important in determining the Regge parameters. The model predicts a relation between five physical quantities: the Pomeron intercept (${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{P}^{0}$) and slope (${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{P}^{\ensuremath{'}}$), the magnitude ($k$) and the exponential dependence ($b$) of the triple-Regge vertex, and the ratio of Pomeron to Reggeon residues ($c$) at $t=0$. The solutions obtained are well within the range of acceptable values. A reasonable solution is, for example (in GeV units), ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{P}^{0}=0.92$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{P}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0.2$, $b=1.6$, $k=12.9$, and $c=0.91$. It is found that cuts are present in both the Reggeon and the Pomeron amplitudes, and their contributions are small compared to the leading poles.
Acanthosis nigricans und Krebs

A. n., eine benigne Hautkrankheit, kommt in 2 Formen vor. Die Form, die mit einem internen Krebs kombiniert ist, wird “maligne” genannt. Die Form ohne diese Kombination heist “benigne”. Der in der Kombination anzutreffende Krebs ist sehr maligne. Bei “maligner” A. n. aktivieren Krebsstoffe, bei “benigner” A. n. Sexualhormone das Hautleiden. “Benigne” und “maligne” A. n. sind als Genodermatosen zu betrachten. Es ist auf Grund von Familiengeschichten, dem Studium der Eigenschaften dieser Krebse und der Beziehungen zwischen ihnen und A. n. anzunehmen, das eine genetische Beziehungen zwischen A. n. und Krebs vorliegt, und das die mit A. n. vorkommenden Krebse eventuell genetisch bedingt sind.
Understanding Social Entrepreneurship: The Relentless Pursuit of Mission in an Ever Changing World, by Kickul, J., & Lyons, T. S.

Understanding Social Entrepreneurship is among the latest offerings for upper-level and graduate-level students interested in the field of social entrepreneurship (SE). More graduate schools of soc...
Low-field giant magnetoresistance in layered magnetic rings

The low-field magnetization reversal of $\mathrm{NiFe}∕\mathrm{Cu}∕\mathrm{Co}$ multilayer mesoscopic elliptical and circular rings has been investigated via magnetoresistance measurements and micromagnetic modeling. Minor loop measurements, in which the $\mathrm{NiFe}$ layer is cycled for a fixed Co layer configuration, show qualitatively different behavior depending on whether the Co layer is present in a vortex or an onion state. Micromagnetic simulations are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and confirm the dominant role played by magnetostatic interactions between the Co and $\mathrm{NiFe}$ layers, as a result of stray fields from the domain walls present in the layers. Multiple stable remanent resistance levels can be obtained by cycling the rings at modest fields.
Failure of Heparin to Inhibit Intimal Hyperplasia in Injured Baboon Arteries: The Role of Heparin-Sensitive and -Insensitive Pathways in the Stimulation of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Proliferation

Background Heparin is a potent inhibitor of smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth and intimal hyperplasia in animal models but has been ineffective in inhibiting restenosis in humans. This difference may relate to flaws in clinical study design or, alternatively, to interspecies differences in SMC response to heparin. To determine whether heparin could inhibit intimal hyperplasia in a species more closely related to humans, we studied the effect of a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on baboon SMC proliferation and migration in culture and in arteries subjected to experimental angioplasty. Methods and Results LMWH or saline was infused continuously after experimental angioplasty of baboon peripheral arteries (six animals per group). After 28 days, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was given to label proliferating cells, and balloon-injured arteries were perfusion-fixed in situ and removed for analysis. All arteries had reendothelialized (Evans blue dye exclusion). LMWH increased partial thromboplastin time (LMWH, 81.7±8.4 seconds versus saline, 34.7±0.8 seconds [mean±SEM]; P =.004) but failed to inhibit intimal thickening or SMC proliferation (intimal area: LMWH, 0.19±0.03 mm2 versus saline, 0.21±0.03 mm2; BrdU labeling: LMWH, 2.9±0.6% versus saline, 2.4±0.4%; P =NS). In culture, LMWH and standard heparin (100 μg/mL) significantly inhibited serum-induced but not platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB)–induced SMC proliferation (% control, serum: LMWH, 60.5±4.0%, P =.0002; standard heparin, 29.4±8.2%, P =.0001; % control, PDGF-BB: LMWH, 117.7±11.3%, P =NS; standard heparin, 90.9±14.4%, P =NS) and SMC migration (% control, serum: LMWH, 15.3±1.9%, P =.0198; standard heparin, 26.4±13.8%, P =.0032; % control, PDGF-BB: LMWH, 98.5±14.3%, P =NS; standard heparin, 100.0±13.5%, P =NS). Conclusions LMWH failed to inhibit intimal hyperplasia in a baboon angioplasty model. Furthermore, LMWH blocked serum-induced but not PDGF-BB–induced SMC proliferation and migration in culture. Thus, heparin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways exist for SMC activation. The relative importance of each pathway induced by injury may vary between species and thus account for different responses to heparin.
Choroid plexus calcification as a possible marker of hallucinations in schizophrenia.

Several studies suggest that disturbances of serotonin (5-HT) functions may be involved in the pathophysiology of hallucinations in schizophrenia. It is now well established that the choroid plexus (CP) is innervated by serotonin (5-HT) neurons, which may regulate its activity, and it is possible that decreased 5-HT functions may facilitate the process of its calcification. It is thus conceivable that calcification of the CP may be associated with hallucinations in schizophrenia. I studied in 18 chronic schizophrenic patients the association of CP calcification (CPC) size as ascertained from CT scan, to severity of hallucinations and, for comparison, to four other positive symptoms as well as global psychopathology score. Analysis of variance indicated that CPC size was specifically associated with hallucinations (p <. 001) and none of the other psychopathology measures. These findings reveal a relationship between CPC and hallucinations in schizophrenia and suggest that the former may be a neuroradiologi...
Passive microwave remote sensing of the Earth's surface

This is a brief review paper on microwave radiometry as a remote sensing tool in geoscientific investigations. Topics covered include basic radiometric principles, radiometer receivers, and applications. This paper is one in a series of mini-reviews sponsored by the Wave Propagation Standards Committee of IEEE and is intended primarily for those persons who have not had occasion to study extensively in the subject.
Run-time scheduling and execution of loops on message passing machines

Sparse system solvers and general purpose codes for solving partial differential equations are examples of the many types of problems whose irregularity can result in poor performance on distributed memory machines. Often, the data structures used in these problems are very flexible. Crucial details concerning loop dependences are encoded in these structures rather than being explicitly represented in the program. Good methods for parallelizing and partitioning these types of problems require assignment of computations in rather arbitrary ways. Naive implementations of programs on distributed memory machines requiring general loop partitions can be extremely inefficient. Instead, the scheduling mechanism needs to capture the data reference patterns of the loops in order to partition the problem. First, the indices assigned to each processor must be locally numbered. Next, it is necessary to precompute what information is needed by each processor at various points in the computation. The precomputed information is then used to generate an execution template designed to carry out the computation, communication, and partitioning of data, in an optimized manner. The design is presented for a general preprocessor and schedule executer, the structures of which do not vary, even though the details of the computation and of the type of information are problem dependent.
SU-E-J-84: Investigating the Use of Deformable Algorithms to Register and Accumulate Dose to the Spinal Cord for Head-And-Neck Radiotherapy Patients.

Purpose: Mega‐voltage cone‐beam CT (MVCBCT) imaging can be used to monitor changes in neck flexion and calculate the true spinal cord dose during radiotherapy. To sum the dose over multiple fractions and compare with the planned dose requires deformable image registration. This study investigates the accuracy of deformable registration of the spine in kilovoltage CT (kVCT) to MVCBCT images for head‐and‐neck patients. Methods: Head‐and‐neck kVCT and MVCBCT images were selected from five patients who exhibited large changes in neck flexion. The spinal canal was contoured in each image. MVCBCT images were rigidly registered to the kVCT image by aligning the C1–C2 vertebrae. Variations of a commercial deformable registration algorithm using the B‐spline method were applied to a volume of interest surrounding the spine to deform the spinal cord structure from the kVCT to the MVCBCT. The Dice similarity index (DSI) was calculated between rigidly registered structures (DSI1), and compared against the DSI calculated between the MVCBCT structure and the structure deformed from kVCT to MVCBCT (DSI2). The difference between DSI2 and DSI1 was calculated to investigate the ability of the deformation algorithm to match the change in neck flexion. Results: In this data set, a single‐pass B‐spline deformation algorithm was the most effective in deforming the kVCT spinal canal to the MVCBCT spinal canal, with a mean improvement in DSI (DSI2 ‐ DSI1) of 0.134. The mean change in DSI for a single‐pass algorithm with a contrast correction was 0.111; for a multiple‐pass algorithm was 0.105; and for a multiple‐pass algorithm with contrast correction was 0.075. Conclusions: Several versions of a commercially implemented B‐spline deformation algorithm were found to improve the registration of the spinal canal in kVCT and MVCBCT head‐and‐neck images. The resulting accuracy in the calculation of the cumulative dose to the spinal cord is under investigation. We acknowledge Velocity for providing the registration software.
Correlations between biological activity and the number of functional groups chemically modified

Abstract In interpreting the data obtained by chemical modification of biologically active macromolecules, e.g. enzymes, it has been a common practice to plot the remaining activity against the number of residues modified. An extrapolation of the initial, nearly linear portion of the curve generated to the axis giving numbers of residues often has been presumed to specify the actual number of critical groups modified. That this is usually not the case can be shown if one considers treatment of a typical macromolecule containing a number of a given kind of modifiable residues among which some, including those that are essential for activity, react at one rate, and the remainder react at a different rate. The behavior and character of the plots obtained have been analyzed and are presented with numerical and experimental examples to illustrate those features that should be considered.
Expressivist embeddings and minimalist truth

L'A. mesure la pertinence du minimalisme veridique et de l'expressionnisme normatif face au probleme de la fixation (embedding) de la verite des phrases normatives. L'A. examine les solutions expressionnistes proposees par Blackburn, Hare et A. Gibbard
Spectral LPM: an optimal locality-preserving mapping using the spectral (not fractal) order

For the past two decades, fractals (e.g., the Hilbert and Peano space-filling curves) have been considered the natural method for providing a locality-preserving mapping. The idea behind a locality-preserving mapping is to map points that are nearby in the multidimensional space into points that are nearby in the one-dimensional space. We argue against the use of fractals in locality-preserving mapping algorithms, and present examples with experimental evidence to show why fractals produce poor locality-preserving mappings. In addition, we propose an optimal locality-preserving mapping algorithm, termed the spectral locality-preserving mapping algorithm (Spectral LPM, for short), that makes use of the spectrum of the multidimensional space. We give a mathematical proof for the optimality of Spectral LPM, and also demonstrate its practical use.
Analysis of Linear Sequential Circuits by Confluence Sets

In this paper the group-theoretical concept of ``confluence sets'' is introduced as a valuable tool in the analysis of linear sequential circuits (LSC's). Using this concept, a scheme is formulated for producing state graphs of autonomous LSC's which, in the ``singular'' case, is superior to currently known schemes. Singular LSC's, which are of potential interest in error correction systems, are studied in detail. Properties of their state graphs are derived, culminating in a unique characterization of such graphs in terms of representative ``cycles'' and ``trees.'' Together with known results on nonsingular circuits, the results in this paper offer a description of the autonomous behavior of the general linear sequential circuit.
The Omnivorous Diet of the Western Chicken Turtle (Deirochelys reticularia miaria)

Chicken Turtles (Deirochelys reticularia) are morphologically adapted for carnivory, and this specialization has been corroborated by diet studies of the eastern and Florida subspecies (D. r. reticularia and D. r. chrysea, respectively). However, the diet of the western subspecies (D. r. miaria) has not been examined. To investigate this important aspect of this subspecies' ecology, we collected 54 fecal samples from 22 adult D. r. miaria and 13 samples from nine juvenile D. r. miaria in southeastern Oklahoma. White River Crayfish (Procambarus acutus) were found in 88.9% of adult samples (mean of 2.3 crayfish per sample), and appeared to be the dominant food source for adults. There was a significant positive relationship between turtle size and crayfish size, and on average the crayfish were 29.8 mm in carapace length. Insects representing six orders (predominantly Hemiptera and Coleoptera) were found in 57.4% of adult fecal samples. Surprisingly, plants were present in 92.6% of adult fecal samples. Whil...
A facile, standardized fabrication approach and scalable architecture for a micro gas chromatography system with integrated pump

This paper reports a micro gas chromatography (μGC) system that includes a microfabricated Knudsen pump, preconcentrator, separation column, and discharge-based detector. All four components are co-designed and co-fabricated on the same glass wafer by a 3-mask lithographic process, and fit within a footprint of 1.8 × 1.8 mm2. Each component is tested individually: the motionless Knudsen pump provides 0.4 sccm air flow rate with 1 W input power; the preconcentrator demonstrates a fully desorbed heptane peak at 170°C; the column and the detector demonstrate successful separation and detection of three alkane species. A stackable architecture is proposed as the system integration scheme and a future goal of this effort.
Region- and age-specific deficits in gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neuron development in the telencephalon of the uPAR(-/-) mouse.

We have previously shown that in adult mice with a null mutation in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) gene, maintained on a C57BL/6J/129Sv background, there is a selective loss of GABAergic interneurons in anterior cingulate and parietal cortex, with the parvalbumin-expressing subpopulation preferentially affected. Here, we performed a more detailed anatomical analysis of uPAR–/– mutation on the congenic C57BL/6J background. With glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunostaining, there is a similar region-selective loss of cortical interneurons in the congenic uPAR–/– mice from the earliest age examined (P21). In contrast, the loss of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells is observed only in adult cortex, and the extent of this loss is less than in the mixed background. Moreover, earlier in development, although there are normal numbers of parvalbumin cells in the uPAR–/– cortex, fewer cells coexpress GABA, suggesting that the parvalbumin subpopulation migrates appropriately to the cortex, but does not differentiate normally. Among the other forebrain regions examined, only the adult hippocampus shows a loss of GABAergic interneurons, although the somatostatin, rather than the parvalbumin, subpopulation contributes to this loss. The data suggest that uPAR function is necessary for the normal development of a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the telencephalon. It is likely that the late-onset parvalbumin phenotype is due to the effects of an altered local environment on selectively vulnerable neurons and that the extent of this loss is strain dependent. Thus, an interplay between complex genetic factors and the environment may influence the phenotypic impact of the uPAR mutation both pre- and postnatally. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:449–466, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the Choice of Crystals for the Detection of Light Elements by X-Ray Fluorescence

Considerable confusion can exist when one looks to the literature for guidance in the selection of crystals for the determination of light elements by x-ray fluorescence. At least five different crystals have been recommended for the detection of elements chlorine (Z = 17) through magnesium (Z = 12). In some cases generalized claims of superiority are made by vendors of crystals without respect to background signal or sample matrix. It is then a disappointment to the spectroscopist to find the crystal unsuitable for the intended application. As an assistance to analytical problems in this laboratory, an experiment established the relative merits of several commercial crystals for the detection of light elements 1) as major constituents and 2) as minor constituents in a matrix of iron.
Signatures of multi - TeV scale particles in supersymmetric theories

Supersymmetric particles at the multi-TeV scale will escape direct detection at planned future colliders. However, such particles induce non-decoupling corrections in processes involving the accessible superparticles through violations of the supersymmetric equivalence between gauge boson and gaugino couplings. In a previous study, we parametrized these violations in terms of super-oblique parameters and found significant deviations in well-motivated models. Here, we systematically classify the possible experimental probes of such deviations, and present detailed investigations of representative observables available at a future linear collider. In some scenarios, the e{sup {minus}}e{sup {minus}} option and adjustable beam energy are exploited to achieve high precision. It is shown that precision measurements are possible for each of the three coupling relations, leading to significant bounds on the masses and properties of heavy superparticles and possible exotic sectors. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Effect of laser welding sequence on WIAD in packaging of dual-in-line laser modules

The tolerance of aligning a single mode fiber to a laser in a fiber pigtailed laser diode module is extremely tight, a sub micron misalignment can often lead to a significant reduction in the power coupled into the fiber. Among various fiber-optic assembly approaches, laser welding is the one with submicron accuracy and is most conducive to process automation. However, the solidification and materials shrinkage during the laser welding process lead to a relative movement of the pre-aligned components: the welding-induced-alignment-distortion (WIAD). The WIAD is a serious issue and may significantly affect the packaging yield. Our previous investigation has demonstrated that an elimination or minimization of the WIAD in a butterfly laser module package is possible if laser welding process: the welding sequence, can be optimized. In this work, by means of numerical method of finite element analysis (FEA), the influence of the laser welding sequence on the WIAD in a dual-in-line package (DIP) is investigated using a realistic physics based laser-materials interaction model. The model combines the spatial and temporal characteristics of the laser beam and the thermophysical properties of the material. It is found that the influence of the welding sequence on the WIAD in packaging of the DIP could not be neglected, the WIAD can be minimized by the proper design of the welding process, for both of the butterfly and DIP packaging.
Phenotypic analysis of Eschericia coli mutants lacking l,d-transpeptidases

Escherichia coli has five genes encoding l,d-transpeptidases (Ldt) with varied functions. Three of these enzymes (YbiS, ErfK, YcfS) have been shown to cross-link Braun’s lipoprotein to the peptidoglycan (PG), while the other two (YnhG, YcbB) form direct meso-diaminopimelate (DAP-DAP, or 3-3) cross-links within the PG. In addition, Ldt enzymes can also incorporate non-canonical d-amino acids, such as d-methionine, into the PG. To further investigate the role of these enzymes and, in particular, 3-3 linkages in cell envelope physiology we constructed and phenotypically characterized a variety of multiple Ldt deletion mutants of E. coli. We report that a triple deletion mutant lacking ybiS, erfK and ycfS is hypersusceptible to the metal-chelating agent EDTA, leaks periplasmic proteins and is resistant to the toxic effect of d-methionine. A double ynhG ycbB mutant had no discernible phenotype; however, examination of the phenotypes of various Ldt mutants bearing an additional DAP auxotrophic mutation (dapA : : Cm) showed that a quintuple mutant strain lacking all Ldt genes was severely impaired for growth on media with limited DAP. These data demonstrate that loss of the E. coli Ldt enzymes involved with coupling the PG to Braun's lipoprotein resulted in the loss of outer membrane stability while loss of the Ldt enzymes involved with DAP-DAP linkages had no observable effect on the cell envelope. Loss of all Ldt enzymes proved detrimental to growth when cells were starved for DAP, indicating a combined role for both 3-3 and Braun’s lipoprotein cross-links in cell viability only under a specific PG stress.
A “Handy” Way to Introduce Research Methods

Research on the relation between handedness and mortality sometimes reveals that older left-handed individuals are underrepresented in the population (Coren & Halpern, 1991; Porac & Coren, 1981). This relation provides an engaging vehicle for introducing research methods in a variety of courses. Specifically, students attempt to explain why handedness is related to mortality after viewing a graphical representation of this relation. While explaining the relation, students address many issues that are essential for understanding the research process.
The transactional memory / garbage collection analogy

This essay presents remarkable similarities between transactional memory and garbage collection. The connections are fascinating in their own right, and they let us better understand one technology by thinking about the corresponding issues for the other.
Prospects for Core Helium Density and Related Measurements on ITER Using Active Charge Exchange

The measurement of low-Z impurities, in particular He ash, in the core of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) remains an outstanding diagnostic issue. The only credible candidate at present is active charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CER) utilizing a diagnostic neutral beam (DNB) optimized for the dual requirements of beam penetration and charge exchange cross section, resulting in beam energies of 2∼100 keV/AMU. Using the existing ITER parameter profile and equilibrium data files and reasonable assumptions regarding viewing optics and DNB performance, we have employed a benchmarked multistep beam penetration code to yield signal-to-noise estimates for possible core helium concentration measurements. These studies confirm the importance of precise determination of beam intensities via accurate modeling and independent measurement, as well as the need for beam modulation, to satisfy the stated measurement precisions needed for ITER. Comparable calculations have been done for an intense pulsed neutral beam based on ion diode technology, as well as other candidate He-CER wavelengths, to assess the relative advantages of these techniques. Since any DNB-based diagnostic system actually deployed on ITER will likely be used for a variety of purposes, signal-to-noise calculations for the related active CER measurement of ion temperatures have also been performed and will be presented.
A Comparison of Lipstick Smears by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The potential of high pressure liquid chromatography for the analysis of lipstick smears is under investigation. Lipsticks hand-smeared on inert substrates were readily identified by their chromatograms. Also some lipsticks hand-smeared on substrates containing extractable compounds could be identified by their chromatograms.
Plasmodial incompatibility in the myxomycete Didymium squamulosum

A genetic analysis of plasmodial fusion in the CR 10 isolate of Didymium squamulosum indicated that this isolate was heterozygous for two fusion loci. These loci display dominant and recessive alleles, and any two plasmodia must be phenotypically identical for these loci before they will fuse.