cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doctor of Professional Studies in Computing: A Categorization of Applied Industry Research

This is a full paper in the Innovate Practice category examining a Doctor of Professional Studies (D.P.S.) in Computing program at Pace University which is a specialized degree program designed for active Information Technology (IT) professionals with at least five years of full time experience in the computing field. The first question that guided our research is how is the Pace University D.P.S. program related to other doctoral computing programs in the United States and globally. The second question that guided our inquiry is dissertation topics pursued by graduates in dissertation research, specifically by IT professionals in the Pace University program. To answer this second question, we analyzed the first 114 dissertation abstracts that have been defended at Pace University in the Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems. We used machine learning and natural language processing to determine commonalities among research topics in order to gain an understanding of the topic categories and topic spread produced by the program.
Pressure-induced ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition in Pb 0.99 (Zr 0.95 Ti 0.05 ) 0.98 Nb 0.02 O 3

Zr-rich, Nb-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic and powder samples with composition near ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.99}{({\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.95}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.05})}_{0.98}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ [PZT95/5(2Nb)] have been studied in the range of hydrostatic pressure 0--6.2 kbar and temperature 12--295 K by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and dielectric measurements. The combination of the two techniques has led to further insights into the properties and pressure-induced ferroelectric rhombohedral $R3c$ $({F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})})$ to antiferroelectric orthorhombic Pbam $({A}_{O})$ phase transition in this material, and the diffraction results have provided a detailed view of the ionic displacements induced by changes in pressure and temperature as well as the displacements accompanying the transition. At 295 K the diffraction results revealed a sharp transition at 2.1 kbar; at 200 K this transition occurs at 1.1 kbar. The transformation is incomplete: after the initial sharp drop in the ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$ content at the transition, 20 wt % of the sample remains in the low-pressure ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$ phase. Above the transition, the fraction of ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$, which exists as a minority phase in the high-pressure ${A}_{O}$ phase, continues to decrease, but even at our highest pressure of 6.2 kbar, $\ensuremath{\sim}8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{wt}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ of the sample remains in the ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$ phase. The volume contraction at the ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$-to-${A}_{O}$ transition unexpectedly results in the retained minority ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$ being anisotropically ''clamped,'' with its $a$ axis slightly expanded and $c$ axis contracted at the transition. On pressure release to 1 bar at 295 K, only 26% of the ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$ phase is recovered, and this remains in the clamped state because of the surrounding majority ${A}_{O}$ phase. Heating the sample above 350 K at 1 bar followed by cooling to room temperature results in full recovery of the ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$ phase. The spontaneous polarization $({P}_{S})$ of the ${F}_{R(\mathrm{LT})}$ phase and its pressure and temperature dependences were determined from the ionic displacements. At 295 K, ${P}_{S}=38\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{C}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$---a value greater than the $31\text{--}32\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{C}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ commonly observed on ceramic PZT95/5(2Nb) samples. The difference is undoubtedly related to residual porosity in ceramic samples as well as the inability of the poling electric field to align all the polar domains. ${P}_{S}$ increases monotonically with decreasing temperature, reaching a value of $\ensuremath{\sim}44\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{C}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 12 K.
José Antonio Saco: An Early Critic of Anti-Semitism

En el actual estudio, leo una carta publicada por el intelectual cubano Jose Antonio Saco en 1829 al lado de las Reflexions sur la question juive (1946) de Jean-Paul Sartre, ya que encuentro que las tesis centrales de estos dos ensayos tienen varios puntos de contacto. El ensayo de Sartre y su recepcion, por otra parte, ayudara a deslindar donde la carta de Saco anticipa la teoria critica de la raza que surge posteriormente y varios casos en los cuales, a pesar de su perspicacia, Saco se equivoca. Habiendo resumido estas intersecciones, adopto la intervencion etica de Emmanuel Levinas y sugiero que fue la relacion empirica de cara a cara del cubano con un judio en Nueva York lo que motivo su meditacion abierta y no convencional sobre el odio hacia el judio; en otras palabras, ademas de ensenarle ingles, el tutor judio de Saco le enseno que, como decia Levinas, “puede existir un yo que no sea un yo mismo”.
Consenting and Pre-procedural Counseling for IUD Insertion: What to Expect and What to Talk About

It is important that providers are knowledgeable of the minor consent laws in their state regarding reproductive health care for adolescents and young adults, especially in regard to IUD provision. Providers should also have proficient knowledge of the risks and benefits of IUD placement to provide optimal pre- and post-procedural counseling for patients. As some adolescents or young adults have never had a pelvic exam, or may have experienced trauma in the past, it is imperative that providers approach these conversations in a sensitive, step-wise manner that optimizes patient education and comfort. This chapter will review how informed consent applies to adolescents and young adults, including those seeking IUD services, describe the risk and benefit profile of IUDs that should be included in the informed consent process, and offer sample language for how to provide pre-procedural, pelvic exam, and IUD insertion counseling for patients seeking IUD placement.
Chapter 38 – Phycotoxins

Phycotoxins are potent organic compounds produced by dinoflagellates, other flagellated phytoplankton, and cyanobacteria that inhabit marine, brackish, or freshwater bodies or soils. Among the most important cyanobacterial phycotoxins are microcystins, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin, Lyngbya toxins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, and β-METHYLAMINO-l-ALANINE; the most important marine phycotoxins from diatoms or dinoflagellates include saxitoxins, domoic acid, brevetoxins, and ciguatoxins. At least 100 different species of organisms may harbor toxins. Toxicoses from marine phycotoxin producers in man, other mammals, and birds can occur from direct contact via skin, inhalation, or ingestion of toxigenic organisms or lysates, or by ingestion after passage of the toxins through food chains to shellfish or finfish. Large die-offs of fish may also occur. Concentrated harmful algal blooms (HABs) can color the waters, and some of the marine organisms cause what are known as “red tides.” However, clear water may also harbor toxic levels of phycotoxins. Exposure to cyanobacterial toxins in freshwater environments is most frequently through direct consumption of contaminated water, but inhalation or wound absorption is also possible, and with some of the neurotoxins, food chain exposure can be important. Eutrophication of fresh, estuarine, or brackish marine waters can result in massive blooms of toxic cyanobacteria. Excessive nutrient runoff can result from burning, fertilization, overgrazing, herbicide- or tillage-related absence of plant cover, and urban/suburban development. Nutrient loading also frequently arises from additions of animal and human excreta, and atmospheric deposition from fossil fuel burning. Droughts, storms, and/or El Nino events that produce warmer water may shorten generation times of toxigenic cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates, thereby increasing risks. Also, elimination of plants that overhang, live in, or emerge from fresh water allows more UV and infrared to enter water bodies and promote cyanobacterial replication. The effects of different phycotoxins range from peracute lethality from respiratory paralysis to acute liver failure and death, prolonged nervous system damage, skin irritation, and tumor promotion. Analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), immunoassays, and mouse bioassays, have been developed to determine the presence of the phycotoxins in source materials, digestive tract contents, tissues, and seafood. However, presumptive diagnoses of phycotoxin poisonings are frequently made based on a combination of a history of consumption or exposure to a suspected source of toxin, clinical signs, and in some cases compatible lesions. While necropsy and histopathology should be relied upon, the evidence from such examinations is often supportive rather than pathognomonic of a specific phycotoxicosis.
BRITISH OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS—II. PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION*

An examination of the means by which British official publications are published and made available for distribution becomes to a great extent a study of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. And, in fact, official publishing and H.M.S.O. often tend to blur into a kind of synonymous term for the uninitiated, who may then suppose that H.M.S.O. is indeed the publisher for all British official papers. It is important, therefore, to state clearly that while H.M.S.O. is understood to be the primary official publisher, there is a further area of government publishing being done within the Government Departments. In some instances, notably the Patent Office and the Ordnance Survey, Departments may issue more titles than H.M.S.O. in any given year. And, in the case of retrospective publishing, one must look to the commercial book-publishing world as well for a complete picture of official publishing.
Sources of heterogeneity in the home learning environments of socioeconomically disadvantaged families

Abstract This study examined characteristics of children, parents, and families that predict additional variability in home learning activities over and above income and parental education. Specifically, I used data from the Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES 2009) to examine how SES components and child, parent, and family contextual factors predicted the home learning environment. Variable-centered analyses revealed that characteristics of children (e.g., prior vocabulary skills), parents (e.g., age), and families (e.g., number of parents in the home) significantly predicted parents' support for home learning. Additionally, person-centered analyses indicated that these processes primarily operated independently. These findings demonstrate that factors across ecological levels contribute to the home learning environment, although effect sizes were small. Thus, context likely plays a role in explaining individual differences in how low-SES parents support their young children's learning.
Linked data for the perplexed librarian: by Scott Carlson, Cory Lampert, Darnelle Melvin and Anne Washington, Chicago, ALA Editions, 2020, 164 pp., $59.99, ALCTS Monograph, ISBN: 978-0-8389-4746-3

The new Linked Data for the Perplexed Librarian succeeds in demonstrating the strength and potential of linked data without overwhelming the reader with technical jargon or confusingly out of touch...
Association Between Proficiency and Efficiency in Electronic Health Records Among Pediatricians at a Major Academic Health System

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variations in electronic health record (EHR) activity among General and Specialty pediatricians by investigating the time spent and documentation length, normalized for workload. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric physicians using Epic EHR at a major Southeastern academic healthcare system. We collected user-level EHR activity data of 104 pediatric physicians over 91 days from April 1 to June 30, 2020. Results: Of the 104 pediatrics physicians, 56 (54%) were General pediatricians and 48 (46%) were Specialists pediatricians. General pediatricians spent an average of 17.6 min [interquartile range (IQR): 12.9–37] using the EHR per appointment, while Specialists spent 35.7 min (IQR: 28–48.4) per appointment. Significant negative associations were found between proficiency scores and the amount of time spent in the system for Generalists (p < 0.001). On the contrary, significant positive associations were found between proficiency scores and the amount of time spent in the system for Specialists (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We report an association between EHR proficiency and efficiency levels among pediatricians within the same healthcare system, receiving the same EHR training, and using the same EHR system. The profound differences in EHR activity suggest that higher priority should be given to redesigning EHR training methods to accommodate the learning needs of physicians.
Adjunct Communication Methods outside the Classroom: A Longitudinal Look.

The ubiquitous nature of social networking and online/electronic communication has become expected in every area of life by those students that are entering colleges and universities today. This is in direct opposition with the trend of colleges and universities to reduce support for basic infrastructure services such as school provided E-mail. The continued rise of reliance on adjunct professors as a source of direct on ground instruction has also led to a shift and reduction of the opportunities for the student to interact with their teachers. The availability of modern technology for communication has provided many new avenues for this interaction to take place. It is necessary for adjunct faculty and institutions to explore and leverage new channels of electronic and online communication to provide opportunities for timely and valuable exchanges between instructor and student outside of the classroom.
Physics in Cell Biology: Actin as a Model System for Polymer Physics

Living cells are soft bodies of a characteristic form, but endowed with a capacity for a steady turnover of their structures. Both of these material properties, i.e. recovery of the shape after an external stress has been imposed and dynamic structural reorganization, are essential for many cellular phenomena. The structural element responsible for the extraordinary mechanical and dynamical properties of eukaryotic cells is a three-dimensional assembly of protein fibers, the cytoskeleton. These fibers are semiflexible polymers with a stiffness intermediate between rigid rods and freely jointed chains. We discuss the statistical mechanics of individual semiflexible polymers and analyze the viscoelastic properties of solutions and cross linked networks of these biopolymers.
On undetectable faults in partial scan circuits using transparent-scan

We study the undetectable faults in partial scan circuits under a test application scheme referred to as transparent-scan. The transparent-scan approach allows very aggressive test compaction compared to other approaches. We demonstrate that, unlike other approaches that provide high levels of test compaction for partial scan circuits, this approach does not increase the number of undetectable faults. We also discuss the monotonicity of the number of undetectable faults with increased levels of scan.
Eosinophils Preferentially Use Bromide to Generate Halogenating Agents

Human eosinophils preferentially utilize bromide to generate a brominating agent, even at physiological halide concentrations, where chloride (140 mM) is over 1000-fold greater than bromide (20-100 microM). Under the same conditions, neutrophils use chloride to generate a chlorinating agent. The total amount of active halogen trapped by 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene from eosinophils increases by over 2-fold as the added bromide concentration increases from 0 to 100 microM, with approximately 40 nmol of halogen trapped per million cells at the highest bromide level. At least 25-35% of the oxygen consumed by stimulated eosinophils is directed toward the generation of halogenating species. Since the relative halogenating behavior of eosinophil peroxidase and neutrophil myeloperoxidase in this bromide range is essentially identical to that of the cells, the specificity of eosinophils toward bromide is intrinsic to eosinophil peroxidase and not to any special cellular properties. These results suggest that human eosinophils use bromide in vivo and that a deficiency of bromide may influence their ability to produce halogenating agents.
Progressive Community Organizing: A Critical Approach for a Globalizing World by Loretta Pyles

In this new book, Loretta Pyles presents many well-established tenets of good community organizing, but also takes a refreshing look at some often overlooked elements of community organizing. She i...
Real-time interferometric polarization measurement

The polarization state of a laser beam is determined using a scanning Michelson interferometer. This method gives direct and real-time access to the polarization characteristics of laser beams.
An analytical approach to thermal modeling of Bridgman-type crystal growth. I. One-dimensional analysis

A relatively simple one-dimensional thermal model of the Bridgman growth process has been developed which is applicable to the growth of small diameter samples with conductivities similar to those of metallic alloys. The heat flow in a translating rod is analyzed in a way that is applicable to Biot numbers less than unity. The model accommodates an adiabatic zone, different heat transfer coefficients in the hot and cold zones, and changes in sample material properties associated with phase change. The analysis is applied to several simplified cases. The effect of the rod's motion is studied in a three-zone furnace for a rod sufficiently long that end effects can be neglected; end effects are then investigated for a motionless rod. Finally, the addition of a fourth zone, an independently controlled booster heater between the main heater and the adiabatic zone, is evaluated for its ability to increase the gradient in the sample at the melt interface and to control the position of the interface.
Method of Delivery of the Nonvertex Second Twin

The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of cesarean section and fetal distress complicating the delivery of the second twin in vertex-nonvertex twin gestations in which the second twin underwent either breech extraction or external version. The intrapartum courses of 510 twin gestations delivered at a community hospital over a 10-year period were retrospectively analyzed. All vertex-nonvertex twin gestations were identified in which the second twin underwent attempted breech extraction or external version. Exclusion criteria included birthweight ≤1,500 g, fetal anomaly, intrauterine demise, and monoamniotic twins. Of the 76 twin sets that met inclusion criteria, 33 underwent external version and 43 underwent primary breech extraction. The two groups had similar demographic characteristics. External version compared to breech extraction was associated with a significantly greater incidence of cesarean section (8/33 vs. 1/43, P =. 008) and fetal distress (8/33 vs. 1/43, P =. 008). There was no...
Developing MiniApps on Modern Platforms Using Multiple Programming Models

We have developed a set of reduced, proxy applications ("MiniApps") based on large-scale application codes supported at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF). The MiniApps are designed to encapsulate the details of the most important (i.e. the most time-consuming and/or unique) facets of the applications that run in production mode on the OLCF. In each case, we have produced or plan to produce individual versions of the MiniApps using different specific programming models (e.g., OpenACC, CUDA, OpenMP). We describe some of our initial observations regarding these different implementations along with estimates of how closely the MiniApps track the actual performance characteristics (in particular, the overall scalability) of the large-scale applications from which they are derived.
Crystal structure of the 500-kDa yeast acetyl-CoA carboxylase holoenzyme dimer

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) has crucial roles in fatty acid metabolism and is an attractive target for drug discovery against diabetes, cancer and other diseases. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACC (ScACC) is crucial for the production of very-long-chain fatty acids and the maintenance of the nuclear envelope. ACC contains biotin carboxylase (BC) and carboxyltransferase (CT) activities, and its biotin is linked covalently to the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP). Most eukaryotic ACCs are 250-kilodalton (kDa), multi-domain enzymes and function as homodimers and higher oligomers. They contain a unique, 80-kDa central region that shares no homology with other proteins. Although the structures of the BC, CT and BCCP domains and other biotin-dependent carboxylase holoenzymes are known, there is currently no structural information on the ACC holoenzyme. Here we report the crystal structure of the full-length, 500-kDa holoenzyme dimer of ScACC. The structure is remarkably different from that of the other biotin-dependent carboxylases. The central region contains five domains and is important for positioning the BC and CT domains for catalysis. The structure unexpectedly reveals a dimer of the BC domain and extensive conformational differences compared to the structure of the BC domain alone, which is a monomer. These structural changes reveal why the BC domain alone is catalytically inactive and define the molecular mechanism for the inhibition of eukaryotic ACC by the natural product soraphen A and by phosphorylation of a Ser residue just before the BC domain core in mammalian ACC. The BC and CT active sites are separated by 80 A, and the entire BCCP domain must translocate during catalysis.
A Search for Antihelium in Primary Cosmic Radiation

A search for anti-alpha-particles in the primary cosmic radiation has been carried out, and a new upper limit for these particles in the range 0.2-4.3 GeV per nucleon has been obtained. At the 95 per cent confidence level the upper limit is found to be 0.14 per cent of the alpha-particle flux. The instrument used for this purpose is a magnetic spectrometer employing spark chambers for determining particle trajectories and time-of-flight measurement for the rejection of upward-moving particles. Implications of these results for various models of the sources of cosmic radiation are discussed.
An analysis of how ensembles of collective classifiers improve predictions in graphs

We present a theoretical analysis framework that shows how ensembles of collective classifiers can improve predictions for graph data. We show how collective ensemble classification reduces errors due to variance in learning and more interestingly inference. We also present an empirical framework that includes various ensemble techniques for classifying relational data using collective inference. The methods span single- and multiple-graph network approaches, and are tested on both synthetic and real world classification tasks. Our experimental results, supported by our theoretical justifications, confirm that ensemble algorithms that explicitly focus on both learning and inference processes and aim at reducing errors associated with both, are the best performers.
Substitution studies of Mn and Fe in Ln6W4Al43 (Ln=Gd, Yb) and the structure of Yb6Ti4Al43

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of Mn- and Fe-substituted Ln6W4Al43 (Ln=Gd, Yb) and Yb6Ti4Al43 are reported. The compounds adopt the Ho6Mo4Al43 structure type with lattice parameters of a~11 A and c~17.8 A with structural site preferences for Mn and Fe. The magnetization of Yb6W4Al43 is sensitive to Mn and Fe doping, which is evident by an increase in the field dependent magnetization. Gd6W4Al43, Gd6W4Al42.31(11)Mn0.69(11), and Gd6W4Al41.69(12)Fe1.30(12) order antiferromagnetically in the ab- and c-directions at 15, 14, and 13 K, respectively, with positive Weiss constants, suggesting the presence of ferromagnetic exchange interactions. Anisotropic magnetization data of Gd6W4Al43−yTy (T=Mn, Fe) analogs are discussed.
Ethnic diversity and managerial effectiveness in South Africa

This article discusses a study which examines the influence of ethnic diversity on organizational culture and effectiveness in South Africa. South African middle managers, all of whom had hiring and firing authority, were looked at. Despite the managers' identification with their own ethnic group, a common national culture persists at the managerial level. The author notes that the nuances of South African national culture, which include a high degree of individualism and a low tolerance for hierarchical power differences, resemble the national cultures of the Netherlands, England, and the United States. Research suggests these similarities may reflect the historical impact of Dutch, British, and American cultures on South Africa, as well as the inherent effects of British and American management systems.
Chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma of the jaws in the same patient

Abstract A 13-year-old girl was treated with a combination of surgery and radiation for a maxillary chondrosarcoma. Four and one half years later, at the age of 17, she was diagnosed as having an osteosarcoma of the ipsilateral mandible. A recurrence in the contralateral mandible necessitated its removal 5 1 2 years later. Eighteen months following the last procedure the patient is well, industrious, and has had no apparent recurrence.
P-64: Eliminating Buckling in Vertical Four-Point Bend Testing

As glass samples get thinner they tend to buckle during vertical four-point bend testing resulting in erroneous strength measurements. This paper suggests design modifications to the existing setup to overcome this issue. The standard four-point bending formula can still be used for calculating the applied stress.
PREDICTOR-CRITERION RELATIONSHIPS AS A FUNCTION OF ITEM COMPATIBILITY '

Sz~mmary.-This study examined which of two measures of femininity would better predict women's responses to an adjective checkhst. It was confirmed for a sample of 150 undergraduate women that a femininity scale which focuses on "internal" slates was superior to one which concentrates on external behavior in predicting "internal" criteria. What role item overlap plays has yet to be determined. From a psychometric standpoint, whether one scores high, medium, or low on a measure of femininity depends upon a score on a scale. That scale may be part of a multidimensional inventory, e.g., the California Psychological Inventory's F/M scale (Gough, 1986) or it may be specifically designed to measure femininity/masculinity, e.g., the Bem Sex-role Inventory (Bern, 1974) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1974). The types of items which comprise these scales vary considerably, although most focus on so-called "internal" measures or latent traits. [For a recent explication of trait theory, see Harkness and Hogan (1995).] Werner and Pervin (1986) estimated that only 41% of the items in the Cahfornia Psychological Inventory involve affective preferences or affective feehgs; however, about 80% of that inventory's F/M scale assess emotions and likes, e.g., "I get excited very easily" and "I think I would ke the work of a dress designer." Both the Bern Sex-role Inventory and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire also focus almost exclusively on trait indicators such as hdness or cheerfulness. A different approach has been taken in the Behavioral Sell-report of Femininity (Greene & Gynther, 1994) in which trait indrcators are deliberately minimized and instead focus is on reports of observable behaviors, e.g., "I have confided intimate secrets to a friend or counselor" and "I have entered or watched a beauty pageant." Which of these scales would best predct criterion measures? Obviously, the answer to this question would depend, at least in part, on the nature of the criterion used. Gough (1988) typically compared scores on the California Psychological Inventory with trait indicators presented in an adjective
Interactions of the horizontal and vertical human oculomotor systems: the saccadic systems.

Abstract The human oculomotor system has been studied by numerous people for well over half a century. Since the visual system is our primary sensory input channel, it is important for us to know how information is processed by the system. Most of the previous work on eye movements has been on modeling the horizontal eye movement control system. In the present series of experiments, human subjects were given the task of tracking a spot of light which moved both horizontally and vertically. The temporal relationship of the horizontal and vertical eye movements was recorded using a light reflection technique. The results of these experiments indicate that the horizontal and vertical saccadic systems are complexly interrelated. The phenomenon of the Psychological Refractory Period was observed. The interaction of the orthogonal saccadic systems may be due to visual information being processed in a parallel manner and motor activity being mediated by a serial processing stage.
The role of motivation in promoting and sustaining self-regulated learning

Abstract A general framework is presented to help understand the relationship between motivation and self-regulated learning. According to the framework, self-regulated learning can be facilitated by the adoption of mastery and relative ability goals and hindered by the adoption of extrinsic goals. In addition, positive self-efficacy and task value beliefs can promote self-regulated behavior. Self-regulated learning is defined as the strategies that students use to regulate their cognition (i.e., use of various cognitive and metacognitive strategies) as well as the use of resource management strategies that students use to control their learning.
Building Dialogic Relationships through the World Wide Web.

Abstract This article provides a theory-based, strategic framework to facilitate relationship building with publics through the World Wide Web. Although many essays on the Web have appeared in professional and technical periodicals, most treatments of the Web have lacked theoretical frameworks. Strategic communication on the World Wide Web can benefit from a consideration of dialogic communication. This article offers dialogic communication as a theoretical framework to guide relationship building between organizations and publics. Five strategies are provided for communication professionals use to create dialogic relationships with Internet publics.
Natural teeth pontics for a cast metal resin-bonded prosthesis

A technique using natural teeth as pontics for a cast metal resin-bonded prosthesis was described. The patient's periodontally condemned teeth were used for pontics after extraction, endodontic obturation, and preparation for resin bonding to a cast metal framework. The advantages are technique simplicity, esthetics, conservation of natural tooth structure, and reduced laboratory cost.
Glycolysis is not responsible for the tolerance of immature renal tubules to anoxia.

We have previously shown that the immature tubule is tolerant of prolonged anoxia. In addition, cellular ATP is maintained at 2-fold higher levels during anoxia in the immature tubules compared with the mature tubules. The purpose of this study was: 1) to determine whether anaerobic glycolysis contributes to the tolerance to anoxia and preservation of cellular ATP in immature tubules and 2) to evaluate whether the tolerance demonstrated by immature tubules is dependent on preservation of cellular ATP. Suspensions of proximal tubules from immature (8-10 d) and mature (8-10 wk) rats were subjected to 15 and 45 min of anoxia in a standard buffer and in buffers designed to inhibit glycolysis. Lactate dehydrogenase release was used to assess plasma membrane damage, ATP levels were determined as an index of cellular energy and total lactate production was measured to evaluate glycolytic activity. After 45 min of anoxia, total lactate production was less in immature tubules (101 ± 48 μg of lactate/mg of DNA) compared with mature tubules (148 ± 36 μg of lactate/mg of DNA). After inhibition of glycolytic metabolism, ATP decreased to similar levels in both immature and mature tubules. However, immature tubules remained resistant to anoxic damage(lactate dehydrogenase: mature tubules 38 ± 4%, immature tubules 29± 1.0%). Therefore, enhanced glycolytic activity does not play a dominant role in the tolerance of the developing kidney to anoxia, and this tolerance is not primarily dependent on preservation of cellular ATP.
Corners, receptive fields, and visually evoked cortical potentials

Alternating stimuli with herringbone patterns were used to obtain visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) from three human Ss. Two sets of stimulus patterns were used, one with sharp corners and one with the corners rounded off. Each set ranged in angularity from 180 to 45 deg in 45-deg steps. Results showed that: (a)VECP response amplitude was greatest for the 90-deg-corner pattern, (b) response amplitude was greater for the 45-deg-corner pattern than for the 135-deg-corner pattern, and (c) cornered and rounded patterns evoked responses of greater amplitude than those evoked by the straight (180-deg) patterns. Also, the peak latency of responses to cornered patterns was shorter than that of responses to rounded and straight patterns.
Fidelity to the healing relationship: a medical student's challenge to contemporary bioethics and prescription for medical practice

As a medical student, I observed that different physicians had strikingly different attitudes and approaches when caring for patients. The care of one patient in particular continues to challenge my understanding of illness and moral responsibility in the practice of medicine. In this paper, I illustrate the care of this patient in order to evaluate the dominant ethics I was taught in medical school, in theory and in practice, and argue neither principlism nor the ethics of care fully captures the moral responsibility of physicians. Emphasising fidelity to the healing relationship, a core principle derived from Pellegrino's virtue theory, I conclude that this approach to clinical ethics fully explains physician responsibility. Pellegrino deconstructs the practice of medicine to clarify the moral event within the clinical encounter and offers a sufficiently useful and justified approach to patient care.
Extreme Eutrophication in Shallow Estuaries and Lagoons of California Is Driven by a Unique Combination of Local Watershed Modifications That Trump Variability Associated with Wet and Dry Seasons

Rapidly growing human populations have caused heavy modifications to the watersheds of many Mediterranean climate estuaries, subjecting them to excessive nutrient enrichment and harmful macroalgal blooms. Despite these impacts, comprehensive studies in these systems are rare and comparisons between systems are lacking. We surveyed five southern California estuaries that ranged in size from 93 to 1,000 ha and incorporated differing land usages and watershed sizes. We sampled environmental variables (sediment redox potential, organic content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, water column nitrate, ammonium, and salinity) and macroalgal cover and biomass quarterly at three locations within each estuary over 15 months to compare spatial and wet vs. dry season patterns. Maximum mean water column nitrate concentration across all estuaries ranged from 47 to 1,700 μM, showing that all estuaries were highly enriched with nitrogen, at least at some times. Mean macroalgal biomass ranged from 0 to 1,500 g wet wt m−2. However, neither nutrient concentrations nor algal biomass showed consistent seasonal patterns as maximum values occurred in different seasons in different estuaries. Three-dimensional principal components analysis followed by regression analyses confirmed that macroalgal abundance was not directly related to water or sediment N concentrations. Rather each of these southern California estuaries showed individual patterns in all measured variables, which were most likely induced by a suite of physical modifications unique to each system and its watershed.
Addressing Unwanted Traffic on the Internet: A Community Response

Unwanted traffic is a serious problem on today's network. For too long, the balance between the value of the transactions occurring on the network and the security of the infrastructure itself has tipped in the wrong direction. In this article, the authors identify the threats of most concern and identify some ways in which the broader Internet community is addressing them. The open, bottom-up processes of the IETF and the Internet community in general are making steady inroads in tackling the serious threat that unwanted traffic poses to the Internet's continued growth and enrichment.
A study of a depressor principle of Veratrum viride.

A tentative extraction procedure for the isolation of a noncrystalline, long-acting depressor principle from Veratrum viride is presented. Studies on blood pressure, respiration, heart rate, and blood vessels in various species of animals indicate that the isolated depressor principle has an activity similar to that of an aqueous extract of the whole drug. A toxicological study including the LD50 in mice and rats and a histopathological study in rabbits and rats is reported.
An exposure-response database for detailed toxicity data.

Abstract Risk assessment for human health effects often depends on evaluation of toxicological literature from a variety of sources. Risk assessors have limited resources for obtaining raw data, performing follow-on analyses or initiating new studies. These constraints must be balanced against a need to improve scientific credibility through improved statistical and analytical methods that optimize the use of available information. Computerized databases are used in toxicological risk assessment both for storing data and performing predictive analyses. Many systems provide primarily either bibliographic information or summary factual data from toxicological studies; few provide adequate information to allow application of dose–response models. The Exposure–Response database (ERDB) described here fills this gap by allowing entry of sufficiently detailed information on experimental design and results for each study, while limiting data entry to the most relevant. ERDB was designed to contain information from the open literature to support dose–response assessment and allow a high level of automation in performance of various types of dose–response analyses. Specifically, ERDB supports emerging analytical approaches for dose–response assessment, while accommodating the diverse nature of published literature. Exposure and response data are accessible in a relational multi-table design, with closely controlled standard fields for recording values and free-text fields to describe unique aspects of the study. Additional comparative analyses are made possible through summary tables and graphic representations of the data contained within ERDB.
Visual form perception in deficient and normal readers as a function of age and orthographic-linguistic familiarity.

Summary The present investigation directly assessed the hypothesis that poor readers sustain no basic disorder in visual-spatial functioning. In order to extend previous results to younger children, the performance of poor and normal readers from both the second and sixth grades was compared. Adopting the format of an earlier investigation, a visual recall task was employed as the dependent variable, and it was predicted that poor readers would perform as well as normals with stimuli taken from Hebrew, an unfamiliar orthography. Accordingly, non-Hebrew poor and normal readers were compared with normal readers learning Hebrew on the production of varying length Hebrew words. As anticipated, children in the non-Hebrew reader groups performed comparably on this task, but the performance of these subjects was inferior to that of children in the Hebrew groups. The data support the contention that visual perceptual disorder is an unlikely source of reading disability.
Positive attributes of state direct order mandates: A case study of planning mandates in California

States closely regulate the policies of their local units of government through the imposition of direct order mandates. The general literature on state as well as federal mandate activities suggests that such regulations seriously constrain local autonomy and add to local financial burdens. A case study of the application of California's planning mandates in a sample of small nonmetropolitan cities suggests that major programmatic mandates are not always restrictive; mandates can be beneficial by empowering local officials.
A simple feedback system for the treatment of elevated blood pressure

A relatively simple, open-loop feedback system for use in teaching patients with elevated blood pressure to lower their blood pressure is described. It is based on once per minute determinations of blood pressure which are read by the experimenter and then presented to the patient by closed circuit television. The procedure is reliable and trouble free. Four single subject design experiments are described in which the elevated systolic blood pressures of four patients suffering from essential hypertension or borderline hypertension were lowered to the normal range. Decrease in blood pressure ranged from 9 to 55 millimeters of mercury. Control conditions in each experiment indicate that the feedback procedure was responsible for the lowering of blood pressure.
Diel interactions between prey behaviour and feeding in an invasive fish, the round goby, in a North American river

SUMMARY 1. We studied the diet of the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) on a diel basis in the Flint River, a warmwater stream in Michigan, U.S.A. Diet and available prey samples were collected seven times over a 24 h period in four consecutive months. The section of river studied lacked zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), the primary prey of adult round gobies elsewhere in the Great Lakes region. 2. Diet changed on a diel basis with hydropsychid caddisfly and chironomid larvae predominating during the day, chironomid pupae dominating in the evening and heptageniid mayflies dominating at night. Simultaneous study of macroinvertebrate drift suggested that caddisfly and chironomid larvae were most likely picked from submerged rocks, chironomid pupae were most likely taken during their emergent ascent and mayflies were either captured from the drift or picked from rocks. 3. The Flint River lacks a diverse darter (Family: Percidae) and sculpin (Family: Cottidae) fauna and it appears that the round goby has occupied a generalised darter/sculpin niche. Our results indicate that round gobies have the potential to invade successfully riverine systems, particularly those lacking a diverse benthic fish assemblage.
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonism suppresses tau aggregation and neurotoxicity.

Background Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia, are diseases characterized by the formation of pathological tau protein aggregates in the brain and progressive neurodegeneration. Presently no effective disease-modifying treatments exist for tauopathies. Methods To identify drugs targeting tau neurotoxicity, we have used a Caenorhabditis elegans model of tauopathy to screen a drug library containing 1120 compounds approved for human use for the ability to suppress tau-induced behavioral effects. Results One compound, the typical antipsychotic azaperone, improved the motility of tau transgenic worms, reduced levels of insoluble tau, and was protective against neurodegeneration. We found that azaperone reduces insoluble tau in a human cell culture model of tau aggregation and that other antipsychotic drugs (flupenthixol, perphenazine, and zotepine) also ameliorate the effects of tau expression in both models. Conclusions Reduction of dopamine signaling through the dopamine D2 receptor with the use of gene knockouts in Caenorhabditis elegans or RNA interference knockdown in human cell culture has similar protective effects against tau toxicity. These results suggest dopamine D2 receptor antagonism holds promise as a potential neuroprotective strategy for targeting tau aggregation and neurotoxicity.
Toward repurposing ciclopirox as an antibiotic against drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Antibiotic-resistant infections caused by gram-negative bacteria are a major healthcare concern. Repurposing drugs circumvents the time and money limitations associated with developing new antimicrobial agents needed to combat these antibiotic-resistant infections. Here we identified the off-patent antifungal agent, ciclopirox, as a candidate to repurpose for antibiotic use. To test the efficacy of ciclopirox against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, we used a curated collection of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates that are representative of known antibiotic resistance phenotypes. We found that ciclopirox, at 5–15 µg/ml concentrations, inhibited bacterial growth regardless of the antibiotic resistance status. At these same concentrations, ciclopirox reduced growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, but some of these pathogens required higher ciclopirox concentrations to completely block growth. To determine how ciclopirox inhibits bacterial growth, we performed an overexpression screen in E. coli. This screen revealed that galE, which encodes UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, rescued bacterial growth at otherwise restrictive ciclopirox concentrations. We found that ciclopirox does not inhibit epimerization of UDP-galactose by purified E. coli GalE; however, ΔgalU, ΔgalE, ΔrfaI, or ΔrfaB mutant strains all have lower ciclopirox minimum inhibitory concentrations than the parent strain. The galU, galE, rfaI, and rfaB genes all encode enzymes that use UDP-galactose or UDP-glucose for galactose metabolism and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. Indeed, we found that ciclopirox altered LPS composition of an E. coli clinical isolate. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ciclopirox affects galactose metabolism and LPS biosynthesis, two pathways important for bacterial growth and virulence. The lack of any reported fungal resistance to ciclopirox in over twenty years of use in the clinic, its excellent safety profiles, novel target(s), and efficacy, make ciclopirox a promising potential antimicrobial agent to use against multidrug-resistant problematic gram-negative pathogens.
Perceived Parental Relationships and Health-Risk Behaviors in College-Attending Emerging Adults

The present study investigated the association of perceived parenting with health-risk behaviors in an ethnically diverse sample of 1,728 college-attending emerging adults. Participants completed retrospective measures of perceived maternal and paternal nurturance, connection, psychological control, and disrespect and reported their frequency of binge drinking, illicit drug use, unsafe sexual behavior, and impaired driving. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses indicated that perceived paternal acceptance was associated inversely with 6 of the 12 health-risk behaviors measured, whereas perceived mothering was related only to 2 of these health-risk behaviors. These patterns were consistent across gender, ethnicity, and family structure.
How are pension integration and pension benefits related

Abstract Pension integration is the ability to allow differentiated pension benefits across earnings groups. In the academic literature, it is often described as a way for firms to reduce pension benefits (and therefore costs). Justified by the requirement that firms pay half of Social Security payments, integrated pensions are typically found to reduce benefits for lower income workers. Data on retirees from the Health and Retirement Study, however, reveal a more complex picture where some individuals receive more benefits when one of their pension plans is integrated, ceteris paribus . Some reasons are discussed why this might be the case.