cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Status epilepticus: an overview of the clinical problem.

Status epilepticus has been recognized since antiquity. The terms etat de mal and "status epilepticus" are derived from the slang used by epilepsy patients housed in Salpetriere and Bicetre hospitals in Paris during the 1800s. The definition of status epilepticus has been evolving, and is still not precise. In 1903-04 it was described as a development of epilepsy in which seizures are so frequent that "coma and exhaustion are continuous between seizures." In 1964 the International League Against Epilepsy adopted the definition "a seizure [that] persists for a sufficient length of time or is repeated frequently enough to produce a fixed and enduring epileptic condition." 30 min has been the most common specified duration of seizures for the diagnosis of status epilepticus, although a duration of 10 or 20 min has been suggested as well. However, a new set of definitions for generalized, convulsive status epilepticus in adults has been proposed and includes an operational definition (specifying a seizure duration of a least 5 min) and a mechanistic definition. In the future, laboratory tests will provide the means for detecting and defining the critical factors that distinguish a single epileptic seizure from status epilepticus. Recent epidemiological studies suggest status epilepticus occurs in 100,000 to 150,000 people in the US each year, and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Etiology, duration of the seizures, and the patient's age seem to be important determinants of the outcome in status epilepticus.
Optimal method for fabrication of gradient dichroic mirrors without mask

Gradient dichroic mirrors consisting 25 alternating layers of TiO2 and SiO2 were prepared by reactive electron beam deposition at a glass-substrate temperature of 300 degrees C in a home made planetary planar coating system without mask. Samples with the various tilt angles from the rotating axis were hanged on the edge of four specially designed hollow planets. The thickness variation for a single layer SiO2 over a planet of 16 cm diameter at the height of 60 cm was less than 3 percent. This coating system was very suitable for the coating of gradient dichroic mirrors with large area showing the consistent color performance with various incident angles across the mirror surface.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Quark-gluon vertex dressing and meson masses beyond ladder-rainbow truncation

We include a generalized infinite class of quark-gluon vertex dressing diagrams in a study of how dynamics beyond the ladder-rainbow truncation influences the Bethe-Salpeter description of light-quark pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The diagrammatic specification of the vertex is mapped into a corresponding specification of the Bethe-Salpeter kernel, which preserves chiral symmetry. This study adopts the algebraic format afforded by the simple interaction kernel used in previous work on this topic. The new feature of the present work is that in every diagram summed for the vertex and the corresponding Bethe-Salpeter kernel, each quark-gluon vertex is required to be the self-consistent vertex solution. We also adopt from previous work the effective accounting for the role of the explicitly non-Abelian three-gluon coupling in a global manner through one parameter determined from recent lattice-QCD data for the vertex. Within the current model, the more consistent dressed vertex limits the ladder-rainbow truncation error for vector mesons to be never more than 10% as the current quark mass is varied from the $u/d$ region to the $b$ region.
Dynamics of conformational relaxation in myoglobin

The picosecond evolution of the tertiary conformation of myoglobin following photodissociation of carbonmonoxymyoglobin was investigated at room temperature by probing band III, a weak iron-porphyrin charge-transfer transition near 13110 cm -1 (763 nm) whose position is sensitive to the out-of-plane displacement of the iron. Upon photolysis, the iron moves out of the plane of the porphyrin causing a blue shift of band III and a concomitant change in the protein conformation. The conformational relaxation reveals a viscosity dependence even at early times (< 2 ps), indicating that the primary motion of the protein involves a displacement of the surrounding solvent. This motion likely corresponds to a displacement of the F-helix. The ensuing relaxation is highly nonexponential, in agreement with recent molecular dynamics simulations. The conformational changes occurring near the heme likely affect the height of the barrier to ligand rebinding and may explain nonexponential rebinding of ligands at ambient temperatures.
The Argonne Tandem-Linac Accelerator System

Design considerations and operational experience for the existing heavy-ion accelerator consisting of a tandem injecting into a superconducting linac are summarized, with emphasis on the general features of the system. This introduction provides the basis for a discussion of the objectives and design of ATLAS, a larger tandem-linac system being formed by expanding the existing superconducting linac.
Mode-locked operation of TEA CO2 lasers with long optical resonators

Abstract An injection mode-locked TEA CO 2 oscillator having an active volume of 5 litres has been operated with a cavity round trip time as long as 140 ns and peak pulse energy of ∼25 J. More than 30% of the laser's total output energy was contained in the peak pulse when long resonators were used. As a consequence of the mode-locking technique, a low-jitter electrical pulse, accurately timed with respect to any pulse in the mode-locked train, is available several hundred nanoseconds prior to the laser output.
Locational determinants of major US air passenger markets by metropolitan area

The paper examines the influence of metropolitan characteristics in determining the locations of major air traffic markets in the US. In general, the likelihood of a major air passenger market locating in any given metropolitan area is primarily determined by the metropolitan area's population size and overall propensity for air travel. The study shows that on average, a major air passenger market has over 3 million people while a minor market has a population base of about 760,000. The propensity of a population to fly is mainly a function of a number of social and economic indicators, the most important of which was found to be employment in professional–scientific–technical services and management activities.
Novel Diffusion Barrier with Ultra-Thin Silicon Nitride Cap Layer

A novel type of diffusion barrier, consisting of a conducting layer whose surface is enriched with silicon nitride, was developed. The new barrier was prepared by thermal decomposition of a metal-organic precursor, tetrakis(dimethylamino) titanium (TDMAT), followed by in-situ silane anneal and subsequent surface nitridation. It combines the conformality and conductivity advantages of the underlying diffusion barrier with the good barrier properties of silicon nitride. The new barrier films were characterized by sheet resistance measurement, secondary electron micrographs (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermal stability of Cu/capped barrier/Si multilayer structures was demonstrated.
What was the “Right to the Heimat”? West German Expellees and the Many Meanings of Heimkehr

Twenty years and a day after Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender, Hanover county administrator Helmut Janssen declared to an assembly of East Prussian expellee leaders that Germany was still destined to recover all of the territory it had possessed in 1937. One day, he claimed, the roughly twelve million ethnic Germans expelled from the lost eastern territories and eastern Europe in the wake of the war would return home. Although by 1965 this political goal seemed “further away than ever before,” he repeated an expellee declaration of March 1960, which pledged that all expellees “still want to return to the Heimat [homeland]—now, in the future, and forever.”
Reflex Control of the Heart and Circulation: Implications for Cardiovascular Electrophysiology

Cardiovascular Reflexes and Electrophysiology. The autonomic nervous system mediates control of the heart and circulation for several sensors located throughout the cardiovascular system. Afferent signals originate from mechanoreceptors located in the carotid sinus, aorta, chambers of the heart, and great veins near the heart, and from chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus. Efferent signals are transmitted through the vagus and sympathetic nerves to the heart and vascular tree. Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic homeostasis is maintained by beat-to-beat regulation via these reflexes. Several cardiovascular diseases are often accompanied by abnormal function of these reflexes; moreover, abnormalities of reflex control of the circulation often contribute to the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases.
PAN and Pitch-Based Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyethernitrile Composites

A new engineering thermoplastic resin (ID300) was combined with con tinuous carbon fiber (CF) to produce an advanced composite material. Both polyacryloni trile (PAN) and pitch-based carbon fiber were investigated as reinforcements. Impregna tion was accomplished directly from the powder form to a well-consolidated prepreg sheet. No fiber degradation even for the pitch carbon-fiber system was experienced. The mechanical properties measured included flexural strength, compressive strength and short beam shear strength.The ID300 materials compare quite favorably to conventional thermoplastic and ther moset material systems. The prepreg sheet was utilized in the diaphragm sheet forming method to produce hemispherical geometries from laminates of [0/90]s and [0/45/-45/90]s configurations. The laminates exhibited excellent formability
Integrity Data Attacks in Power Market Operations

We study the economic impact of a potential class of integrity cyber attacks, named false data injection attacks, on electric power market operations. In particular, we show that with the knowledge of the transmission system topology, attackers may circumvent the bad data detection algorithms equipped in today's state estimator. This, in turn, may be leveraged by attackers for consistent financial arbitrage such as virtual bidding at selected pairs of nodes. This paper is a first attempt to formalize the economic impact of malicious data attacks on real-time market operations. We show how an attack could systematically construct a profitable attacking strategy, in the meantime being undetected by the system operator. Such a result is also valuable for the system operators to examine the potential economic loss due to such cyber attack. The potential impact of the false data injection attacks is illustrated on real-time market operations of the IEEE 14-bus system.
Vane Coupling Rings: A Simple Technique for Stabilizing a Four-Vane Radiofrequency Quadrupole Structure

The benefits of stabilized accelerating structures, with regard to the manufacture and operation, have been well documented. The four-vane radiofrequency quadrupoles (RFQ) presently being designed and constructed in many laboratories are not stabilized because of the weak electromagnetic coupling between the quadrant resonators. This paper presents a simple technique developed at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory using vane coupling rings (VCR's) which azimuthally stabilize the RFQ structure and greatly enhance its use as a practical accelerator. In particular, the VCR's: ? Completely eliminate the dipole modes in the frequency range of interest; ? Provide adequate quadrant balance with an initial precision mechanical alignment of the vanes; ? Enhance axial balance and simplify end tuners. Experimental verification tests on a scale model will be discussed.
Absence of correlation between infantile hypotonia and foramen magnum size in achondroplasia

Virtually all infants with achondroplasia exhibit variably severe hypotonia in infancy. This hypotonia contributes to delays in motor development and risks for sudden death. Some have proposed that this hypotonia is a direct result of impaired function of long tracts of the spinal cord, secondary to the intrinsic narrowing of the foramen magnum, which also is present in variable severity in all children with achondroplasia. We postulated that if foraminal constriction causes infantile hypotonia, then there should be a strongly positive correlation between foraminal size and severity of hypotonia. Therefore, clinical and computed tomographic data in 71 infants were retrospectively reviewed. We found no correlation. These results suggest that there is no direct relationship and foraminal size does not affect severity of hypotonia. Other potential explanations for this infantile hypotonia are considered.
Crotoxin effects on Torpedocalifornic cholinergic excitable vesicles and the role of its phospholipase a activity

Abstract The phospholipolytic neurotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus , crotoxin, is able to produce a dose- and time-dependent block of carbachol-stimulated 22Na efflux from pre-loaded Torpedo californica excitable vesicles. The blocking activity is dependent on calcium and is abolished by chemical modification with p-bromophenacyl bromide. The isolated basic subunit, crotoxin B, produces an identical block, whereas the isolated acidic subunit, crotoxin A, has no detectable effect. Neither crotoxin nor crotoxin B antagonizes the binding of [ 125 I]-α-bungarotoxin to purified acetylcholine receptor, although, at high concentrations, they antagonize its binding to acetylcholine receptor-rich membrane fragments. Certain phospholipase A2 enzymes and the fatty acid products of their digestion can mimic the crotoxin action. It is therefore suggested that, although considered a pre-synaptic neurotoxin, crotoxin can have in vitro post-synaptic effects, possibly mediated by its endogeneous phospholipase A2 activity.
Producer Service Linkages and Industrial Innovation: Results of a Twelve‐Year Tracking Study of New York State Manufacturers

This paper documents the results of a twelve-year tracking study of New York State (NYS) manufacturers of scientific instruments (1994–2005). The main goal of the tracking exercise was to probe for firm-level changes in the use of external producer services, notably in technical fields such as industrial design, contract research, and engineering. Another goal was to assess the extent to which these outside inputs have been contributing to the product innovation efforts of users. The results show that innovation and service utilization rates have converged across NYS's three major regions (i.e., Western New York, Upstate/Central, and the New York City metropolitan area). This convergence has been powered by Internet-based technologies, as well as by strategic management change at the company level. The link between recourse to external technical help and successful innovation is found to be statistically stronger in 2005 than it was twelve years ago. Of special importance is the fact that a growing number of manufacturers have been outsourcing research, design, and product development activities at levels that far exceed those reported in the 1990s. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of these trends for the geography of innovation within high-technology sectors.
A novel varactor tunable coplanar waveguide-slotline Gunn VCO

A novel varactor tunable CPW (coplanar waveguide) slotline Gunn VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator) has been developed. The oscillator provides 16.3+or-0.45 dBm throughout a 300 MHz tuning range centered at 10.40 GHz. The signal quality and stability are very good throughout the tuning range. The circuit is small and lightweight, and offers low cost, good reproducibility, and excellent performance. The varactor tuning range should prove useful for frequency-modulated communication links, frequency-agile transmitters or local oscillators, and electronic warfare applications. >
Cyanide and amygdalin as indicators of the presence of bitter almonds in imported raw almonds.

Consumer complaints received by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in August 2010 about raw organic almonds tasting "bitter" opened an investigation into the presence of bitter almonds in the imported product. Bitter almonds (Prunus amygdalus) contain the cyanogenic glucoside amygdalin, which hydrolyzes to produce cyanide. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to detect and quantitate cyanide, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to detect amygdalin in the submitted samples. Control bitter almonds were found to contain 1.4 mg cyanide/g and an estimated level of 20-25 mg amygdalin/g. The questioned samples contained between 14 and 42 μg cyanide/g and were positive for the presence of amygdalin. Sweet almonds were found to be negative for both compounds, at levels of detection of 4 μg cyanide/g and 200 μg amygdalin/g. Language: en
Transient simulation of nonuniform coupled lossy transmission lines characterized with frequency-dependent parameters. II. Discrete-time analysis

For Pt.I, see ibid., vol.39, no.8, p.585-603 (1992). An efficient discrete-time method is presented for simulating the transient response of nonuniform coupled transmission lines that are characterized by frequency-dependent parameters. The discrete-time transient simulation is carried out using a time-varying characteristic model converted from the generalized characteristic model derived in Part I. The time-varying model is constructed of two disjoint time-varying resistive networks connected to Norton/Thevenin current/voltage sources, which are generated by recursive convolution integration with the terminal currents/voltages and the Norton/Thevenin sources as the excitation. The impulse response functions are derived from the orthonormal expansion of the characteristic immittance functions and the exponential wave propagation functions of the coupled transmission-line system. Transient responses of uniform and nonuniform coupled transmission lines with and without skin-effect parameters are simulated. The accuracy and efficiency of the discrete-time analysis are substantial. >
DSP-Based PSO Implementation for Online Optimization of Power System Stabilizers

Real-time implementations of controllers require optimization algorithms which can be performed quickly. In this paper, a digital signal processor (DSP) implementation of particle swarm optimization (PSO) is presented. PSO is used to optimize the parameters of two stabilizers used in a power system. The controllers and PSO are both implemented on a single DSP in a hardware-in-loop configuration. Results showing the performance and feasibility for real-time implementations of PSO are presented.
Remix and robo: sampling, sequencing and real-time control of a tangible robotic construction system

A major problem in introducing computing (and embedded computing in particular) to kids stems from the disconnect between the physical and computational realms, or the "layers of abstraction" that separate them [O'Malley and Fraser 2005]. We present a system that has eliminated the distance between computation and the "real world" while providing possibilities for sophisticated activities -- intellectual, playful and physical.
An efficient decomposed multiobjective genetic algorithm for solving the joint product platform selection and product family design problem with generalized commonality

Product family optimization involves not only specifying the platform from which the individual product variants will be derived, but also optimizing the platform design and the individual variants. Typically these steps are performed separately, but we propose an efficient decomposed multiobjective genetic algorithm to jointly determine optimal (1) platform selection, (2) platform design, and (3) variant design in product family optimization. The approach addresses limitations of prior restrictive component sharing definitions by introducing a generalized two-dimensional commonality chromosome to enable sharing components among subsets of variants. To solve the resulting high dimensional problem in a single stage efficiently, we exploit the problem structure by decomposing it into a two-level genetic algorithm, where the upper level determines the optimal platform configuration while each lower level optimizes one of the individual variants. The decomposed approach improves scalability of the all-in-one problem dramatically, providing a practical tool for optimizing families with more variants. The proposed approach is demonstrated by optimizing a family of electric motors. Results indicate that (1) decomposition results in improved solutions under comparable computational cost and (2) generalized commonality produces families with increased component sharing under the same level of performance.
Q & A: Patient to Physician FAQs: Answers to Common Patient Questions About Vaccinations

This article outlines common questions about vaccinations that patients ask their physicians and provides answers to those questions.
Training-Based Color Correction for Camera Phone Images

In this paper, we propose a method for improving the color rendition of low quality cell phone camera images. The proposed method is based on a multi layer stochastic framework whose parameters are learned in an offline training procedure using the well known expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. The color correction algorithm functions by first making soft assignments of images into defect classes and then processing images in each defect class with an optimized algorithm, which we refer to as resolution synthesis-based color correction (RSCC). The parameters of the color correction algorithm are trained using pairs of low quality images, obtained from real cell phone cameras, and high quality spatially registered reference images, captured with a high quality digital still camera. We present experimental results comparing the performance of our method to some existing commercial color correction algorithms.
Coordinated management of multiple interacting resources in chip multiprocessors: A machine learning approach

Efficient sharing of system resources is critical to obtaining high utilization and enforcing system-level performance objectives on chip multiprocessors (CMPs). Although several proposals that address the management of a single microarchitectural resource have been published in the literature, coordinated management of multiple interacting resources on CMPs remains an open problem. We propose a framework that manages multiple shared CMP resources in a coordinated fashion to enforce higher-level performance objectives. We formulate global resource allocation as a machine learning problem. At runtime, our resource management scheme monitors the execution of each application, and learns a predictive model of system performance as a function of allocation decisions. By learning each application's performance response to different resource distributions, our approach makes it possible to anticipate the system-level performance impact of allocation decisions at runtime with little runtime overhead. As a result, it becomes possible to make reliable comparisons among different points in a vast and dynamically changing allocation space, allowing us to adapt our allocation decisions as applications undergo phase changes. Our evaluation concludes that a coordinated approach to managing multiple interacting resources is key to delivering high performance in multiprogrammed workloads, but this is possible only if accompanied by efficient search mechanisms. We also show that it is possible to build a single mechanism that consistently delivers high performance under various important performance metrics.
Decline of Male Labor Market Participation: The Role of Declining Market Opportunities

This paper uses micro data from the Current Population Surveys to document the secular decline in labor market activity among prime age men from 1967 to 1987. Declines in employment occur at all ages but are found to be particularly severe among less-educated and low-wage men. Information on the cross-section wage-employment relationship and on actual wage changes indicates that the initial fall in employment from the late 1960s to the early 1970s is entirely attributable to falling labor supply whereas since the early 1970s, wage changes predict most of the decline in employment for whites and approximately half of the decline for blacks.
Concurrent deficits of soleus and gastrocnemius muscle fascicles and Achilles tendon post stroke

Calf muscles and Achilles tendon play important roles in functional activities. However, it is not clear how biomechanical properties of the uniarticular soleus (SOL) and biarticular gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon, including the fascicle length, pennation angle, and stiffness, change concurrently post stroke. Biomechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius (GM) and soleus muscles were evaluated bilaterally in 10 hemiparetic stroke survivors using combined ultrasonography-biomechanical measurements. Biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon including the length, cross-sectional area (CSA), stiffness, and Young's modulus were evaluated, together with calf muscle biomechanical properties. Gastrocnemius and SOL contributions were separated using flexed and extended knee positions. The impaired side showed decreased fascicle length (GM: 6%, P = 0.002 and SOL: 9%, P = 0.03, at full knee extension and 0° ankle dorsiflexion) and increased fascicular stiffness (GM: 64%, P = 0.005 and SOL: 19%, P = 0.012, at a common 50 N force level). In contrast, Achilles tendon on the impaired side showed changes in the opposite direction as the muscle fascicles with increased tendon length (5%, P < 0.001), decreased tendon CSA (5%, P = 0.04), decreased tendon stiffness (42%, P < 0.001) and Young's modulus (30%, P < 0.001) compared with the unimpaired side. The fascicle and tendon stiffness changes were correlated negatively to the corresponding fascicle and tendon length changes, and decrease in Achilles tendon stiffness was correlated to the increases of SOL and GM fascicular stiffness (P < 0.05). Characterizations of calf muscle fascicles and Achilles tendon biomechanical properties help us better understand concurrent changes of fascicles and tendon as part of the calf muscle-tendon unit and facilitate development of more effective treatments.
Introduction and Examples

A complex manifold is a paracompact Hausdorff space which has a covering by neighborhoods each homeomorphic to an open set in the m-dimensional complex number space such that where two neighborhoods overlap the local coordinates transform by a complex analytic transformation. That is, if z1,..., zm are local coordinates in one such neighborhood and if w1,..., wm are local coordinates in another neighborhood, then where they are both defined, we have wi = wi (z1,..., zm), where each wi is a holomorphic (or analytic) function of the z’s and the functional determinant ∂(w1,..., wm)/∂(z1,..., zm) ≠ 0.
Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Fish Pathogens

Antibiotic resistance by bacterial fish pathogens has been reported in all areas of aquaculture from warmwater to coldwater, and freshwater to marine environments. Decreased efficacy has been documented in many antimicrobial drugs regardless of their mechanism of action. Resistance emerges by two known genetic mechanisms, mutation on the bacterial chromosome, or extrachromosomal transfer mediated by plasmids. Alternatives to the currently used antimicrobial therapies are being evaluated for use in aquaculture, particularly the new fluoroquinolones and the third generation cephalosporins.
EFFECTS OF α-CHACONINE ON BRAIN BIOGENIC AMINES, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM, CARDIAC RATES AND RESPIRATORY RESPONSE IN RATS

Effects of various doses of α-chaconine were examined in the central nervous system by electrophysiological tests and by determining levels of several neurotransmitters. Assays of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, failed to show significant trends following intraperitoneal injections of up to 20 mg/kg α-chaconine. Symptoms observed at relatively low doses (8 or 10 mg/kg) included sedation, respiratory impairment, and constriction of abdominal muscles. At the same dosage the electroencephalogram pattern showed a significant increase in the proportion of low-frequency activity. Tachycardia was observed at both low (10 mg/kg) and high doses (40 mg/kg), whereas intermediate doses (20 or 30 mg/kg) were associated with bradycardia. Unchanged acetylcholine levels after α-chaconine administration did not correlate with previous reports of brain cholinesterase inhibition produced by α-chaconine.
An alternative perspective.

The need for a revised definition is discussed and a more simplified alternative is suggested.
ASPM regulates symmetric stem cell division by tuning Cyclin E ubiquitination

Mutation of ASPM is associated with spindle orientation defects and microcephaly in humans. Capecchi and Pozner reveal that mice expressing truncated ASPM also display impaired neural stem cell maintenance as a result of a previously unknown requirement for ASPM in cell cycle progression.
Plug-and-play analysis of the human phosphoproteome by targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry

Systematic approaches to studying cellular signaling require phosphoproteomic techniques that reproducibly measure the same phosphopeptides across multiple replicates, conditions, and time points. Here we present a method to mine information from large-scale, heterogeneous phosphoproteomics data sets to rapidly generate robust targeted mass spectrometry (MS) assays. We demonstrate the performance of our method by interrogating the IGF-1/AKT signaling pathway, showing that even rarely observed phosphorylation events can be consistently detected and precisely quantified.
Infection control in the operating room: is it more than a clean dish?

Purpose of reviewHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are driven by a complex interplay between host defenses, pathogen traits, and pathogen transmission. A better understanding of each of these factors is required to extend infection control beyond antibiotic therapy to improvements in basic pr
Numerical Simulation of Flow Field on Under Inlet Bag-type Dust Collector

Numerical simulation method was adopted to study the internal flow field of the under inlet bag-type dust collector by the CFD software Fluent.It was found that problems such as uneven distribution of gas flow,great equipment resistance,etc.,were existed in the original design scheme.Improved measures of adding guide plate in the passageway of air inlet were presented.Results show that after improvement,the stream distribution becomes more uniform,and the pressure difference between inlet and outlet decreases,and all parts of the dust collector can play a good role in dust removing in four conditions.Therefore the wearing of the bags are effectively reduced,and the dust collection efficiency and the operational stability are enhanced,providing theoretical basis for the optimization design of the structure of the bag filter.
Military College Education in the Network Background

With a more extensive application of computers and a wider adoption of network educating system in the military college education,a comprehensive utilization of information technology in the military college education has achieved,which has great influences on teaching as well as learning.This also contribute a lot to the academic,open and independent development in education.Proceeding from the network background,this article carrie's out an analysis of the influence on the education ideology brought by the adoption of network education system,and gives an account of the diversity of teaching modes in the network background as well as how should teachers and students face the impulsion and challenges.
Effect of conductive heating and microwave heating on the first-order structure of the glycation ovalbumin

In this paper,the glycation protein between ovalbumin and D-glucose was prepared under conductive heating and microwave heating conditions. The effect on the first-order structure of the glycation ovalbumin by different treatment and after 30d was studied by pepsin digestion and LC FT-ICR MS. The results showed that glycation modification can be catalyzed under conductive heating and microwave heating conditions with the similar glycation site. However,the difference was discovered between the different treatment conditions in the stability of the glycation ovalbumin. The degradation of the glycation ovlbumin derived from microwave heating was found after 30d,especially K47 and K56 lysine that lose several water molecules and aldose at the sugar moiety.
Live-cell quantification and comparison of mammalian oocyte cytosolic lipid content between species, during development, and in relation to body composition using nonlinear vibrational microscopy

Cytosolic lipids participate in the growth, development, and overall health of mammalian oocytes including many roles in cellular homeostasis. Significant emphasis has been placed on the study of lipids as a dynamic organelle, which in turn requires the development of tools and techniques to quantitate and compare how lipid content relates to cellular structure, function, and normalcy. Objectives of this study were to determine if nonlinear vibrational microscopy (e.g., coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering or CARS microscopy) could be used for live-cell imaging to quantify and compare lipid content in mammalian oocytes during development and in relation to body composition; and compare its efficacy to methods involving cellular fixation and staining protocols. Results of this study demonstrate that CARS is able to identify lipids in live mammalian oocytes, and there exists quantifiable and consistent differences in percent lipid composition across ooctyes of different species, developmental stages, and in relation to body composition. Such a method of live-cell lipid quantification has (i) experimental power in basic cell biology, (ii) practical utility for identifying developmental predictive biomarkers while advancing biology-based oocyte/embryo selection, and (iii) ability to yield rationally supporting technology for decision-making in rodents, domestic species, and human assisted reproduction and/or fertility preservation.
Partition coefficients for the SAMPL5 challenge using transfer free energies

SAMPL challenges (Mobley et al. in J Comput Aided Mol Des 28:135–150, 2014; Skillman in J Comput Aided Mol Des 26:473–474, 2012; Geballe in J Comput Aided Mol Des 24:259–279, 2010; Guthrie in J Phys Chem B 113:4501–4507, 2009) provide excellent opportunities to assess theoretical approaches on new data sets with a goal of gaining greater insight towards protein and ligand modeling. In the SAMPL5 experiment, cyclohexane–water partition coefficients were determined using a vertical solvation scheme in conjunction with the SMD continuum solvent model. Several DFT functionals partnered with correlation consistent basis sets were evaluated for the prediction of the partition coefficients. The approach chosen for the competition, a B3PW91 vertical solvation scheme, yields a mean absolute deviation of 1.9 logP units and performs well at estimating the correct hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity for the full SAMPL5 molecule set.
Destabilization via active stiffness

In a recent paper leit one of the authors noted, without presenting aproof, that appropriate variation of the stiffness coefficient in amass-spring-damper system leads to increase of the system energy during acycle of the motion. Some have expressed doubt concerning the validity ofthis claim which implies that a damped simple oscillator can be destabilizedby varying the spring constant. It is the purpose of this note to present aproof.
HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: Current Progress and Future Directions

The social demography of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among Black men in the United States has changed over the last two decades. Black men who have sex with men (MSM) now account for the largest proportion (30%) of all Black men diagnosed with HIV (CDC, 2004a). Moreover, Black men constitute a sizable proportion (27%) of all MSM diagnosed with HIV (CDC, 2004a,b). Similarly, most studies of MSM have reported that rates of HIV infection are higher among Black MSM than all other racial or ethnic MSM groups (Easterbrook et al., 1993; Lemp et al., 1994; Valleroy et al., 2000; CDC, 2001; Mansergh et al., 2002; Harawa et al., 2004).
Interface Robustness Testing: Experience and Lessons Learned from the Ballista Project

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Previous Robustness Testing Work Evolution of Ballista Lessons Learned Conclusions Acknowledgments References
TSLP-Induced Alterations of Multiple Signaling Pathways in Primary CRLF2 B-ALL Xenografts

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with genetic defects leading to overexpression of CRLF2 (CRLF2 B-ALL) is associated with a high relapse rate and poor prognosis. CRLF2 B-ALL comprises approximately half of the high risk B-ALL characterized by a gene expression profile that is similar to that of Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL (Ph-like B-ALL). In pediatric patients, CRLF B-ALL occurs 5 times more frequently among children of Hispanic and Native American ethnicity and is a major contributor to health disparities in ALL. CRLF2 (cytokine related ligand factor 2) together with the IL-7 receptor alpha chain, forms a receptor complex that is activated by the cytokine, TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin). Activation of CRLF by TSLP leads to downstream JAK-STAT5 and mTOR pathway phosphorylation even in CRLF2 B-ALL harboring activating JAK mutations. We found that primary human marrow (BM) stromal cells express TSLP (RT-PCR and ELISA) and thus provide an in vivo source of TSLP to activate CRLF2 B-ALL cells. Our next step was to develop a xenograft model system to identify the in vivo CRLF2-mediated gene expression profile and disease mechanisms that might contribute to poor prognosis. Unlike most other cytokines, mouse TSLP is species-specific and thus does not activate the human CRLF2 receptor complex. We engineered immune-deficient NOD/SCID IL-2Rγ null (NSG) mice to express normal serum levels (~20 pg/ml) of human TSLP (hTSLP+ mice), as well as control mice that lack human TSLP (hTSLP– mice). Primary human CRLF2 B-ALL were injected into hTSLP+ and hTSLP– mice and expanded for 10 weeks in vivo. Whole genome microarray was performed on CRLF2 B-ALL cells isolated by magnetic separation from the BM of hTSLP+ and hTSLP- xenograft mice. Evaluation of microarray data by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that genes downstream of mTOR pathway activation were upregulated in hTSLP+ as compared to hTSLP- mice, confirming hTSLP activity in the hTSLP+ xenograft mice. Microarray identified 280 genes that are upregulated and 281 genes that are downregulated (> 1.7 fold; p<.05) in vivo in leukemia cells from hTSLP+ as compared to hTSLP– mice. GSEA and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of these data show increased RAS pathway activation and altered glucose metabolism in CRLF2 B-ALL from hTSLP+ as compared to hTSLP– mice. In addition to increased mTOR pathway activation, these gene expression data implicate altered glucose metabolism and increased RAS pathway activation as potential contributors to the poor prognosis in CRLF2 B-ALL. The hTSLP+ CRLF2 B-ALL xenograft mice described here provide a novel preclinical model for studying disease mechanisms and identifying therapies to target signaling pathways activated by TSLP in CRLF2 B-ALL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
“To fill the emptiness”: The importance of work in life history narratives of older adults with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses:

Objective: This study’s purpose was to develop an understanding of the importance and meaning of vocational histories, present-time employment status, and vocational goals for older adults who were...
Forensic Pathology and Epidemiology, Public Health and Population-Based Research:

Forensic pathology can play a pivotal role in safeguarding public health. While medicolegal death investigation focuses on certifying cause and manner of individual deaths, taken in aggregate this ...
Chemical Treatment of Low Quality Roughages

Summary A LFALFA stems, corn cobs, whole corn plant and corn stalks were treated with sodium hydroxide or peroxides and fed to lambs in digestion and metabolism trials. The dry roughages were mixed with the chemicals and enough water to increase the moisture to 50%. The materials were fed after a 48-hr. reaction period or after ensiling. Four percent NaOH treatment increased the dry matter digestibility of alfalfa stems by 6.8 percentage units. Corn cob dry matter digestibility in- creased by 11.2 percentage units due to 4% NaOH treatment. In vitro DMD of whole corn plant increased 9.7 percentage units but in vivo 'organic matter digestibility increased by only 2.5 percentage units. In vitro DMD of corn stalks increased 12.8 and 19.5 per= centage units, respectively, with 3 and 5% NaOH treatment. In vivo organic matter di- gestibility of corn stalks increased 10.1 and 11.2 percentage units, respectively, for 3 and 5% NaOH treatment when fed supplemented only with urea, minerals and vitamins. The five percent NaOH treated stalks showed a 20.5 percentage unit increase in organic mat- ter digestibility compared to untreated stalks when both were fed in combination with ground alfalfa stems. These results indicate that poor quality roughages can be treated with 3 to 5% NaOH, the moist mixture after ensiling is consumed readily by lambs without further treatment, and that the dry matter digestibility is increased by sufficient magni- tude to potentially improve animal perfor- mance. Introduction Low quality roughages are inefficiently util- ized by ruminants because of high content and poor digestibility of the fibrous fractions. This poor digestibility is related to the extent of
A neuronal retuning hypothesis of sentence-specificity in Broca's area.

It is clear that the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) contributes in some fashion to sentence processing. While neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence support a domain-general working memory function, recent neuroimaging data show that particular subregions of the LIFG, particularly the pars triangularis (pTri), show selective activation for sentences relative to verbal working memory and cognitive control tasks. These data suggest a language-specific function rather than a domain-general one. To resolve this apparent conflict, I propose separating claims of domain-generality and specificity independently for computations and representations—a given brain region may respond to a specific representation while performing a general computation over that representation, one shared with other systems. I hypothesize that the pTri underlies a language-specific working memory system, comprised of general memory retrieval/attention operations specialized for syntactic representations. There is a parallelism of top-down retrieval function among the phonological and semantic levels, localized to the pars opercularis and pars orbitalis, respectively. I further explore the idea of how such a system emerges in the human brain through the framework of neuronal retuning: the “borrowing” of domain-general mechanisms for language, either in evolution or development. The empirical data appear to tentatively support a developmental account of language-specificity in the pTri, possibly through connections to the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a region that is both anatomically distinct for humans and functionally essential for language. Evidence of representational response specificity obtained from neuroimaging studies is useful in understanding how cognition is implemented in the brain. However, understanding the shared computations across domains and neural systems is necessary for a fuller understanding of this problem, providing potential answers to questions of how specialized systems, such as language, are implemented in the brain.
The Worst of Days.

I once heard a physician quote Maya Angelou: “I always remind myself that people aren't going to remember what you told them or how you told them, but they will remember how you made them feel.”
Old Objections and New Directions: Capacities and Moral Status at the Very Borders of Human Life

In this final chapter, I would like to consider several possible objections to the view defended in the previous pages. Some of these objections will look somewhat familiar: in a sense, they are old objections, or at least new versions of old objections. Some of these objections are somewhat new, and require extending or applying previous claims and arguments to different situations. Some objections relate to my methodology. Some objections relate to my treatment of specific cases. Some objections relate to both. My treatment here will attempt to begin with a methodological objection, and will progress into specific cases to emerge as illustrations of the methodology.
Projective Dual Varieties and General Discriminants

We denote by P n the standard complex projective space of dimension n. Thus a point of P n is given by (n + 1) homogeneous coordinates (x 0:...: x n ), x i ∈ C, which are not all equal to 0 and are regarded modulo simultaneous multiplication by a non-zero number. More generally, if V is a finite-dimensional complex vector space, then we denote by P(V) the projectivization of V, i.e., the set of 1-dimensional vector subspaces in V. Thus P n = P(C n+1).
Virus-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in the Rat

Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that the mechanism of type 1 diabetes (T1D ) involves environmental factors and viral infections, in particular. Data establishing a direct link between microbial infections and diabetes and demonstrating how viruses lead to disease onset in humans are currently lacking. Rat models of diabetes have recently emerged as powerful experimental tools for examining the role of pathogens in disease mechanisms. Studies conducted in the biobreeding diabetes-resistant (BBDR ) and LEW1.WR1 rats show that infection with a parvovirus, designated Kilham rat virus (KRV ), leads to islet inflammation and diabetes in a portion of infected animals via mechanisms that involve upregulation of the innate immune system. Indeed, KRV acts as a TLR9 agonist triggering a robust proinflammatory response in pancreatic lymph nodes of infected animals; inflammation that correlates with disease onset and involves the upregulation of a vast array of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Data from the BBDR rat also show that innate immune system activation prior to virus infection induces a dramatic increase in the incidence of diabetes and precipitates disease induced by virus titers that are otherwise nondiabetogenic. The exact role of the innate immune system in virus-induced diabetes is not yet clear; however, it is postulated to involve tipping the balance between autoreactive T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. Collectively, the available data underscore the opposing roles that the innate immune system plays in recognizing and eliminating invading pathogens and at the same time, under some circumstances, promoting autoimmunity against pancreatic islets.
Mouse Models of Hematolymphoid Malignancies

Sequencing of the mouse genome has revealed numerous advantages of using the mouse model, compared to other model organisms, to study the molecular pathogenesis of human diseases both the human and mouse genomes contain approximately 30,000 protein-coding genes synteny or conserved gene order on chromosomes in both species is over 90% 40% of human and mouse genes align directly 99% of human genes have homologous gene(s) in the mouse.