cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The use of atropine to control heart rate responses during detomidine sedation in horses.

Detomidine is a sedative-analgesic which has a pharmacological profile similar to xylazine. There is evidence that the sedative effects are mediated through alpha-2 adrenoceptors. Cardiopulmonary responses were determined using detomidine as the principal agent and as a preanesthetic prior to the induction of general anesthesia. Compatibility with guaifenesin, sodium thia-mylal and halothane were determined. As in the case of xylazine, detomidine produces a slowing of heart rates. This was found to be either sinus bradycardia or heart block. There may be a corresponding increase in systolic blood pressures. The respiratory pattern is altered through the arterial blood gases and pH data supported evidence of adequate ventilation. The heart rate response to detomidine without anticholinergic treatment was transient and related to he duration of drug action. Atropine sulfate, 0.02 mg/kg i.v. was effective in preventing or treating bradycardia or heart block from detomidine. Heart rates also increased during the administration of guaifenesin and sodium thia-mylal when given 50 min poisit-detomidine.
Limits to Recognition of Governments

Four broad prescriptions of general international law, two defining occasions and two defining effects, bound the implications of recognition decisions by identifying when recognition or nonrecognition of a new government in another state needs to be decided, and setting some outside limits on the legal consequences attached to recognition decisions. In tandem, the four define the area of choice within which governments set their recognition policies.
Evaluating Circumplex Structure in the Interpersonal Scales for the NEO-PI-3

Scales to assess the eight octants and two axes of the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) using items from the revised NEO Personality Inventory were introduced by Traupman et al. Item changes in the revised and renormed third edition of the NEO instrument (NEO-PI-3) have affected item content in all eight octant scales, underscoring the need to reexamine the IPC scales. The current study examines the circumplex structure of the revised octant scales in the NEO-PI-3 and their correlations with the Dominance and Warmth scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory in 568 undergraduate students. The data show perfect fit to circumplex structure, suggesting equivalent or better assessment of the IPC with the NEO-PI-3 octant scales. Convergence of the eight octants with the Personality Assessment Inventory interpersonal scales further supports their saturation with interpersonal content and appropriate location within the IPC.
Extending Ordinal Regression with a Latent Zero-Augmented Beta Distribution

Ecological abundance data are often recorded on an ordinal scale in which the lowest category represents species absence. One common example is when plant species cover is visually assessed within bounded quadrats and then assigned to pre-defined cover class categories. We present an ordinal beta hurdle model that directly models ordinal category probabilities with a biologically realistic beta-distributed latent variable. A hurdle-at-zero model allows ecologists to explore distribution (absence) and abundance processes in an integrated framework. This provides an alternative to cumulative link models when data are inconsistent with the assumption that the odds of moving into a higher category are the same for all categories (proportional odds). Graphical tools and a deviance information criterion were developed to assess whether a hurdle-at-zero model should be used for inferences rather than standard ordinal methods. Hurdle-at-zero and non-hurdle ordinal models fit to vegetation cover class data produced substantially different conclusions. The ordinal beta hurdle model yielded more precise parameter estimates than cumulative logit models, although out-of-sample predictions were similar. The ordinal beta hurdle model provides inferences directly on the latent biological variable of interest, percent cover, and supports exploration of more realistic ecological patterns and processes through the hurdle-at-zero or two-part specification. We provide JAGS code as an on-line supplement. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.
CXCR4 Is a Regulator Of Disease Involvement Of Extramedullary Myeloma Confirmed By a Novel Mouse Model For Extramedullary Disease

Background Extramedullary disease (EMD) in patients with multiple myeloma occurs mostly in advanced disease or relapse. EMD seems to have a different pathogenesis from medullary myeloma and is often characterized by a more aggressive clinical course. To date molecular mechanisms of development of EMD have not been fully understood. Methods: Human MM cell lines, IM-9 and MM1S were serially selected in immune-deficient mice. IM-9 and MM1S cells were inoculated intravenously and harvested from the tumors developed in the bone marrow (BM) and liver (site of extramedullary disease), aiming to establish BM-prone and liver-prone clones. Tumor progression was periodically checked by bioluminescence (BLI) and in vivo live confocal imaging. After three rounds of in vivo selections, the cells of both BM- and liver-prone were characterized by gene and protein expression and cellular functional assays. Results: We obtained three liver-prone sub-clones in both IM-9 and MM1S after serial in vivo selections. These cells had equal proliferation rates in vitro compared to the original or BM-prone cells, but exhibited more aggressive phenotype in vivo. Liver-prone clones had significantly higher migration ability than BM-prone clones (11.6% vs 6.1% migration, respectively p=0.018). Gene and protein expression analysis revealed that each liver-prone clone had a higher expression of sets of chemokine receptors specifically CXCR4. Using thein vivo metastatic model CXCR4-over expressing myeloma cells exhibited higher metastatic property to the extramedullary organs whereas CXCR4-knockdown cells has less tumor metastasis to the liver. Discussion: We established EMD-prone human multiple myeloma cell lines that reproducibly developed liverinvolvement consistent with human extramedullary disease. These cells exhibited higher migratory ability and increased expression of several chemokine receptors, specifically CXCR4. We validated the effect of CXCR4 on developing extramedullary myeloma using our established in vivo mode. Further studies to determine the role of CXCR4 for therapeutic targeting of extramedullary disease in MM are ongoing. Disclosures: Ghobrial: Sanofi: Research Funding; Noxxon: Research Funding; BMS: Advisory board, Advisory board Other, Research Funding; Onyx: Advisoryboard Other.
Transcriptional coactivator NT‐PGC‐1α promotes gluconeogenic gene expression and enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis

The transcriptional coactivator PGC‐1α plays a central role in hepatic gluconeogenesis. We previously reported that alternative splicing of the PGC‐1α gene produces an additional transcript encoding the truncated protein NT‐PGC‐1α. NT‐PGC‐1α is co‐expressed with PGC‐1α and highly induced by fasting in the liver. NT‐PGC‐1α regulates tissue‐specific metabolism, but its role in the liver has not been investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the role of hepatic NT‐PGC‐1α in the regulation of gluconeogenesis. Adenovirus‐mediated expression of NT‐PGC‐1α in primary hepatocytes strongly stimulated the expression of key gluconeogenic enzyme genes (PEPCK and G6Pase), leading to increased glucose production. To further understand NT‐PGC‐1α function in hepatic gluconeogenesis in vivo, we took advantage of a previously reported FL‐PGC‐1α −/− mouse line that lacks full‐length PGC‐1α (FL‐PGC‐1α) but retains a slightly shorter and functionally equivalent form of NT‐PGC‐1α (NT‐PGC‐1α 254). In FL‐PGC‐1α −/− mice, NT‐PGC‐1α 254 was induced by fasting in the liver and recruited to the promoters of PEPCK and G6Pase genes. The enrichment of NT‐PGC‐1α 254 at the promoters was closely associated with fasting‐induced increase in PEPCK and G6Pase gene expression and efficient production of glucose from pyruvate during a pyruvate tolerance test in FL‐PGC‐1α −/− mice. Moreover, FL‐PGC‐1α −/− primary hepatocytes showed a significant increase in gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production after treatment with dexamethasone and forskolin, suggesting that NT‐PGC‐1α 254 is sufficient to stimulate the gluconeogenic program in the absence of FL‐PGC‐1α. Collectively, our findings highlight the role of hepatic NT‐PGC‐1α in stimulating gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production.
Peak-Power-Limited Frequency-Domain Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Imaging for Handheld Diagnostic and Screening Tools

Coherent frequency-domain microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) imaging is investigated as an alternative to the traditional pulsed-based TA imaging approaches that use extremely high-energy short excitation pulses, often produced by vacuum RF sources or spark-gap generators. It is shown that under peak-power limitation of the RF source, dictated by the goals of form factor and portability of this paper, the frequency-domain approach can achieve the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) without sacrificing resolution or other performance metrics. Theoretical and experimental comparison of the time-domain and frequency-domain TA methods is provided with the ultimate goal of implementing the imager with solid-state hardware. Using a microwave source with 120 W of peak power, frequency-domain TA demonstrates 27-dB SNR improvement over the pulse method while the average specific absorption ratio remains below 10 W/kg. Finally, we demonstrate TA images of multilayer relatively complex muscle-fat structures. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first TA images obtained with solid-state electronic sources.
“Vivimos en Jaula de Oro”: The Impact of State-Level Legislation on Immigrant Latino Families

This study sought to learn from Latino immigrant parents which and how state-level immigration policies impact their families. Fifty-four Latino immigrant parents participated in interviews. Constr...
Periglacial cirque analogs: Elevation trends of cryoplanation terraces in eastern Beringia

Abstract Cryoplanation terraces are large erosional landforms common in cold, unglaciated mountainous environments. Terrace sequences are composed of alternating slope segments with gently sloping treads and steep rubble-covered risers, and culminate in extensive summit flats. Many unglaciated upland landscapes in eastern Beringia are dominated by these landforms. Indirect evidence indicates that they evolve through locally intensified weathering and mass-movement processes associated with late-lying snowcover. Geospatial analysis involving nearly 700 cryoplanation terraces in eastern Beringia demonstrates that their elevation rises from 175 to 350 masl on Bering Sea islands to median values > 1200 m near the Alaska-Canada border. The regional trends of cryoplanation terrace elevation are nearly identical to those of Wisconsinan cirques on several transects across Alaska. The consistency in the elevation trends of glacial cirques and cryoplanation terraces indicates close genetic links between the two classes of feature, involving topographic position, continentality gradients, and the mass balance of localized snow accumulations. Cryoplanation terraces can be considered the periglacial analogs of glacial cirques, and have greater potential as sources of paleoclimatic information than smaller periglacial features more sensitive to short-term climate variations. Process-oriented studies, age determinations, and high-resolution mapping are needed before the paleoenvironmental potential of these landforms can be realized fully.
Treatment options for unresectable HCC with a focus on SIRT with Yttrium-90 resin microspheres.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of primary liver cancer, is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths across the globe. Only a small percentage of HCC patients (~20%-30%) are diagnosed at an early stage when first-line treatment options may be effective. The majority of HCC patients (>70%) are diagnosed with unresectable disease and given a poor overall prognosis. Current treatment guidelines recommend locoregional therapy with transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and systemic therapy with sorafenib as first-line treatment for patients with intermediate and advanced stage HCC. However, multiple factors including contraindications, technical considerations and treatment-related toxicities pose significant challenges in achieving favourable treatment outcomes, underscoring the need for a paradigm shift in managing these patients. In 2002, yttrium-90 (Y-90) resin microspheres was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver with adjuvant floxuridine chemotherapy. However, thousands of patients with unresectable HCC have also been treated with resin Y-90. For over two decades, several small-scale prospective trials and retrospective studies have investigated and reported on the efficacy of locoregional selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with Y-90 microspheres in treating unresectable HCC. Although it is currently a treatment option for intermediate-stage HCC patients, mainstream clinical application of resin Y-90 has been largely limited because of the lack of sufficient clinical data from a randomised controlled trial. This could change with the imminent announcement of results from the phase 3 Sorafenib vs Radioembolization in Advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma (SARAH) trial. To provide the foundation and context for interpreting results from the SARAH trial, this article provides an overview of treatment modalities and current challenges in managing unresectable HCC. There is also a review of key prospective and retrospective studies evaluating the use of Y-90 SIRT, specifically Y-90 resin microspheres in unresectable HCC, which led to the development of the SARAH trial. Methods: To identify relevant publications, the PubMed database was queried using one or more of the following search terms alone or in combination with Boolean operators: epidemiology, hepatocellular, hepatocellular cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, unresectable, radioembolisation, selective internal radiation therapy, SIR-Spheres, yttrium 90, TACE, and sorafenib. The results were sorted or filtered by “Author”, “Publication dates” or “Article types” to identify articles relevant to each section of the review. To ensure that information on ongoing clinical trials involving Y-90 resin was included, we conducted a search on “ClinicalTrials.gov”, by combining the search terms “HCC” OR “hepatocellular carcinoma” with “Y 90” OR “yttrium 90” OR “radioembo”, and screened for studies that involved treatment with Y-90 resin microspheres.
Inter-state relations and state capacity: the rise and fall of Chinese foreign direct investment in the Philippines

What drives Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI)? While the literature in organizational and business studies has established a strong positive association between Chinese foreign direct investments (FDI) and weak institutions in the developing world, these works have generally underexamined how inter-state relations between China and the host country impact Chinese FDI. This paper examines Chinese FDI in the Philippines during the Arroyo (2001–2010), Aquino (2010–2016), and Duterte (2016-) presidencies. Since sufficient variation across these administrations can be found in the volatility of Chinese FDI, the different levels of state capacity, and the vacillation of inter-state relations with China, the Philippine case sets up an ideal within-case comparison to analyze how inter-state relations figure in the relationship of Chinese FDI and weak institutions while holding other potentially confounding factors constant. This article argues that the rise and fall of Chinese FDI depend not only on the conflictual or cooperative relations between China and the host country, but also on the strength or weakness of various types of state capacity. State capacity mediates the impact of inter-state relations on the three kinds of Chinese FDI: (1) state investments; (2) private investments; and (3) illicit capital. Specifically, conflictual relations can constrain state investments and encourage the flow of illicit capital. Conversely, cooperative relations can encourage state investments and hinder the flow of illicit capital. Private investments depend on the legal-administrative and fiscal capacity of the state while illicit capital can be constrained by the host country’s coercive capacity. Infrastructural power can affect the realization of state and private investments. In showing the responses of these three kinds of Chinese FDI to inter-state relations as well as the strength or weakness of various types of state capacity in the host country, the paper modifies the assumption in the literature that weak institutions draw in high-levels of Chinese FDI. Supported by in-depth key-informant interviews with Philippine government officials, politicians, and Chinese investors, this finding demonstrates the protean nature of Chinese FDI: it is able to adapt to different political conditions and historical circumstances.
A Learning Performance Perspective on Representational Competence in Elementary Science Education

To begin to align curriculum and instruction with children’s cognitive abilities, the field requires a theoretical lens to examine how students engage in scientific reasoning for knowledge-building. This chapter employs a learning performance (LP) perspective as a lens to examine what it means for early learners to develop representational competence over a single “big science idea” within a single grade band in the elementary classroom. This lens includes: (a) identifying the knowledge elementary students bring with them into the lesson and the ways in which they build upon this knowledge through the practices of modeling, and (b) how elementary students scientifically reason about phenomena when engaging with the practice of modeling. The chapter will first describe the characteristics and design of learning performances, and the ways that this perspective is useful for describing development of both conceptual understanding and sophisticated reasoning about scientific phenomena. Next, it will examine how elementary students progress through a learning performance and how their progressions anchor learning progressions to productively inform instruction and assessment.
How to Intervene with Unethical and Unprofessional Colleagues

All academic health disciplines endeavor to ensure that professionals apply safe and effective interventions to patients, ethically conduct research, and respectfully interact with colleagues and students. Each profession is expected to develop mechanisms to monitor and regulate the performance of its members. Three substrates for ethical and professional violations are identified: impairment, incompetence, and unethical conduct. Though mental health professionals have the awareness of professional ethics and the acumen to identify unethical practices, a significant number of clinicians remain uncomfortable and reluctant to report or intervene with their unprincipled colleagues. Known as the culture of silence, clinicians struggle with the dilemma of either protecting the privacy and confidentiality of their colleague or securing the safety and well-being of the patient, student, research subject, or public. However, there are three fundamental reasons for intervening with an impaired, incompetent, or unethical colleague: prevention of harm to patients or others, prevention of harm to one’s profession, and assistance to impaired peers. Specific interventions depend on the professional’s manifest incompetence and unprofessionalism and the level of risk to a patient and others. Interventions can include a dialogue with one’s colleague, referral to a physician assistance program, report to the colleague’s supervisor or administrator, or a report to a licensing board or other oversight entity. It is important for training programs to integrate ethics and professionalism into their curricula and for professions to maintain self-care.
A Model of Intrametropolitan Location of Employment, Housing, and Labor Force

The chapter presents a model of intrametropolitan location of employment, housing, and labor force. The model recognizes that households might change location not only in response to changes in workplace but also in response to changes in housing supply conditions. It also recognizes that household location decisions might, in turn, influence the distribution of employment and housing across metropolitan space. A study described in the chapter developed a simultaneous equations model of urban growth and intraurban location that treated housing, employment, and labor force location within the same framework. The study differs markedly from a number of related studies that assume urban employment location and/or growth to be exogenously determined or that assume employment to be concentrated in the urban core. Metropolitan-wide growth of the housing stock was determined in the housing block, and in the distribution block, this growth was distributed to either the central city or the suburban ring. Metropolitan-wide growth of employment, civilian labor force, and income were also distributed to central city or suburbs in the distribution block. A number of linkages were assumed to exist between metropolitan growth and the remainder of the model. The chapter discusses those linkages.
The Specification of an Operational Forecasting and Simulation Model

In this chapter, we expand the simple prototype model developed in chapter 3 into a form that can be used as an operational model. We also draw on chapter 6, where multiple industries were introduced. Here, we generalize the chapter 3 model to a model with n-private nonfarm industries, m-areas, p-occupations, v-age/sex cohorts, x-factors of production, and z-components of demand. The chapter is organized with the same structure as chapter 3. In almost all cases, the original categories are sufficient because the simple model illustrates all of the major linkages in this expanded model.
TKA Navigation Using the Medacta System

Since its inception over a decade ago, the goal of more accurate prosthesis placement has routinely been met (Bathis et al. 2004a, 2004b; Bohling et al. 2005; Chauhan et al. 2004a, 2004b; Chin et al. 2005; Krackow et al. 2003; Oberst et al. 2003; Saragaglia et al. 2001; Sparmann et al. 2003; Stulberg et al. 2000, 2002). Although the original prediction of higher longevity with more accurate placement and even distribution of forces has not yet been proven, a meta-analysis of 29 studies of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) vs. standard mechanically instrumented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) showed that errors of 3° occurred in 9% of the former procedures vs. 31.8% of the latter.
Application of a computerised model of segmental anatomy of the lungs: Development of an interactive graphical program of SPECT lung perfusion

1299 Objectives: To produce an interactive graphical SPECT lung perfusion display based on a previously established computerised scintigraphic model of the segmental anatomy of the lungs. This model facilitates teaching, quantitation of perfusion defects and research as well as acting as a quality assurance tool for reporting of lung perfusion SPECT. Methods: We utilised a previously published scintigraphic monte carlo model of the three-dimensional segmental anatomy of the lungs. The model was based on colour-coded dyes injected into the pulmonary segments of cadaveric lungs. Transaxial sections were optically scanned and the segmental boundaries identified and transferred to the Zubal phantom with reference to normal variants. Projections were then generated by monte carlo techniques for whole lung, and whole lung minus segment for every segment. A graphical toolkit (WXWidgets) was used to transfer these segments into a C++ program that displays the whole lung with ability to subtract each segment individually. It also allowed volumetric quatitation of the defects. Results: This program allows segments of the lung to be switched off individually or in groups to simulate embolic disease. It allows the lungs to be viewed in the three standard SPECT projections and as a rotating volume-rendered image. The wire frames around the segmental boundaries are displayed separately to allows easy identification of segments, with automatic identification of all segments by name. Conclusions: The graphical display may be used as an aid for reporting clinical studies, quantitation tool for volume of lung involved, research, quality assurance of reporting accuracy and as a powerful teaching aid. Research Support (if any): Nuclear Medicine Research Foundation
Distribution and Establishment of the Lone Star Tick in Connecticut and Implications for Range Expansion and Public Health

In the United States, the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), is an aggressive southeastern species whose range has reportedly been steadily expanding northward. The number of A. americanum specimens submitted to the Tick Testing Laboratory (TTL) at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) increased by 58% from the period of 1996-2006 (n = 488) to 2007-2017 (n = 773), mainly from Fairfield County in the southwestern corner of the state. The greatest numbers of A. americanum submissions to the CAES-TTL were from the City of Norwalk and a few adjacent municipalities. We also report the discovery of a large infestation of adult and nymphal lone star ticks detected on a dead male white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), on Manresa Island, Norwalk, in June 2017, indicating a long established, undetected population along the southwestern coast. A sample of nymphal and adult host-seeking A. americanum collected July 2017 from Manresa Island were tested and a proportion were positive for Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The A. americanum tick and its associated disease pathogens are expected to become an increasing public health concern in southern New England.
Interrelations of U.S. market fears and emerging markets returns: Global evidence

We investigate the interrelations between U.S. stock market uncertainty (VIX) and equity returns in several emerging markets (EMs) in an integrated multivariate system that allows the interactions through the first and second moments of VIX and return processes. Our VARMAX‐CCC‐QGARCH model finds significant interactions in the covariance terms of VIX and EM returns, which facilitate risk transmission. Changes in VIX negatively affect EM returns, which also significantly affect VIX changes. We find that VIX changes and EM returns collectively have predictive ability for each other. Further, VIX shocks contribute 22–42% to the prediction error of EM returns. Our results underscore the importance of capturing interactions between VIX changes and EM returns through their variance–covariance matrix and have important implications for global diversification, flight‐to‐safety choices, and hedging the cross‐market risks.
Bringing Consilience To Two Perspectives Of International Human Resource Management Research

In the field of international human resource management, studies continue to emerge that test theories in non-US samples or contrast various effects in one country compared to another. As a result,...
The Specialization of Teachers' Work: An Initial Exploration

This paper examines how the structural properties of schools together with the social and professional backgrounds of teachers, predict the organization of teachers' work in U.S. high schools. The use of hierarchical linear models (HLM) enables control of covariates measured at both the school and teacher level. The analysis also illuminates certain moderating effects of school structure on the link between teachers' professional credentials and teachers' work specialization.
Refractive-Index-Insensitive Nanolaminated SERS Substrates for Label-Free Raman Profiling and Classification of Living Cancer Cells

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as an ultrasensitive molecular-fingerprint-based technique for label-free biochemical analysis of biological systems. However, for conventional SERS substrates, SERS enhancement factors (EFs) strongly depend on background refractive index (RI), which prevents reliable spatiotemporal SERS analysis of living cells consisting of different extra-/intracellular organelles with a heterogeneous distribution of local RI values between 1.30 and 1.60. Here, we demonstrate that nanolaminated SERS substrates can support uniform arrays of vertically oriented nanogap hot spots with large SERS EFs (>107) insensitive to background RI variations. Experimental and numerical studies reveal that the observed RI-insensitive SERS response is due to the broadband multiresonant optical properties of nanolaminated plasmonic nanostructures. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we use RI-insensitive nanolaminated SERS substrates to achieve label-free Raman profiling and classification of living cancer cells with a high prediction accuracy of 96%. We envision that RI-insensitive high-performance nanolaminated SERS substrates can potentially enable label-free spatiotemporal biochemical analysis of living biological systems.
Central hemodynamics are associated with fetal outcomes in pregnancies of advanced maternal age.

Abstract Objectives Age is a known risk factor for both maternal cardiovascular disease and adverse outcomes in pregnancy. We aimed to characterize the hemodynamic profiles in pregnancies of advanced maternal age (AMA) and correlate these with fetal outcomes. Study design This was a prospective observational study of pregnancies undergoing antenatal testing. Maternal hemodynamics were measured non-invasively using an imaging probe at the descending aorta and the Uscom BP + arm cuff utilizing pulse pressure wave analysis. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman rank correlation test were used for statistical analysis in R. Main outcome measures Hemodynamic measurements, neonatal birthweight. Results Twenty-one AMA and twenty-four control patients were enrolled. Mean age ± SD was 39 ± 3.22 in the AMA cohort and 28 ± 4.32 in the control cohort (p Conclusions Hemodynamic alterations consistent with a low output, high resistance cardiovascular circuit were associated with lower birthweight in AMA, but not in control pregnancies.
Wandering Among Preschool Children with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

OBJECTIVES (1) Report the occurrence of wandering, or leaving a supervised space, among children with confirmed autism spectrum disorder (ASD), other developmental delay (DD) with a previous but unconfirmed ASD diagnosis (DDprevASD), DD without a previous ASD diagnosis, and a population comparison group (POP) at an age when wandering is no longer expected and (2) explore whether ASD status is associated with wandering independent of behavioral, developmental, and maternal factors. METHOD Parents and children aged 4 to 5 years enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development Phase-1+2. All children were screened for ASD symptoms upon enrollment. Those with ASD symptoms and/or a previous ASD diagnosis received the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) to determine their developmental level and 2 ASD diagnostic tests to determine their ASD status. All other children were evaluated with the MSEL alone. Mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist/1½-5, which includes an item on whether the child wanders away (categorized as at least sometimes true vs not true) and items assessing behavior problems. RESULTS Children with ASD (N = 1195) were significantly more likely to wander than children classified as DDprevASD (N = 230), DD (N = 1199), or POP (N = 1272) (60.4%, 41.3%, 22.3%, and 12.4%, respectively, p < 0.01). ASD status, very low developmental level, and affective, anxiety, attention, and oppositional problems were each independently associated with wandering behavior. CONCLUSION Wandering is significantly more common among children with ASD and those with behavioral and developmental problems compared with other children. These findings can be used to increase the awareness of wandering among children with atypical development.
Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among Older Adults Living Near Construction and Manufacturing Sites.

BACKGROUND Construction and manufacturing sites produce airborne toxins that may affect nearby residents' respiratory health. Living in heavy industrial sites has been linked to respiratory conditions such as asthma and pneumonia. However, limited information is available for risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a form of acute respiratory failure with high incidence among older adults. METHODS We conducted a nationwide ecologic study to investigate associations between annual ZIP code-level changes in industrial activity and annual changes in ZIP code-level hospital admission rates for older community residents. Using adjusted generalized linear mixed models, we analyzed data from nearly 30 million yearly Medicare beneficiaries for the years 2006 through 2012. RESULTS We found on average 92,363 hospital admissions for ARDS per year and 646,542 admissions over the course of 7 years. We found that an increase of 10 construction sites per year was associated with a 0.77% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71, 0.84) increase in annual hospital admission rates for ARDS and an increase of 10 manufacturing industries per year was associated with a 1.21% (95% CI = 1.09, 1.33) increase in annual hospital admission rates for ARDS across all ZIP codes. The estimated effect of chemical product manufacturing industry on ARDS was higher than that of total manufacturing industries. Residing in ZIP codes with a high number of construction or manufacturing sites was associated with increased ARDS hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide ecologic study of older adults suggests that residence in areas with more construction and manufacturing sites is associated with increased ARDS risk.
Rooftop Farm Soils for Sustainable Water and Nitrogen Management

Rooftop farming intends to diversify options for enhancing sustainability of cities. From a policy perspective, vegetable production and stormwater management are among important goals of rooftop farming for bolstering public funding and policy support. However, crops with high value and market demand like salad greens often have high irrigation requirements, which risks increasing drainage output of water and nutrients. To date, no studies have compared various soil mixes intended for rooftop farms in terms of stormwater retention, yield and quality of drought-sensitive crops constrained by regional precipitation patterns. Here, we report the results of a 5-week greenhouse experiment with leaf lettuce comparing 5 soil mixes made of coconut coir, biochar, and animal manure compost, plus a commercial rooftop farm soil using expanded shale, using an irrigation rate mimicking average growing season precipitation for New York City, USA. Three soil mixes had good yield, with water retention rates ranging up to 100%, while levels of drainage nitrogen output were less than 13% of current levels at the Brooklyn Grange, an operational rooftop farm in NYC. This finding suggests that improved soil design could enhance sustainability of rooftop farming in terms of water and nutrient management. Further research is needed for adjustment of nitrogen mineralization rates, long-term amendment plan, locally available waste inventory for substituting coconut coir, and leachate and rainwater harvesting systems.
Genuine empirical pressure within the proton

A phenomenological extraction of forces within the proton has recently been performed using JLab CLAS data V. D. Burkert et al., [arXiv:2104.02031]. The extraction used a three-dimensional Breit frame description in which the initial and final proton states have different momenta. Instead, we obtain the two-dimensional (2D) transverse light front pressure densities that incorporate relativistic effects arising from the boosts that cause the initial and final states to differ. Taking the CLAS results seriously, we obtain a 2D mechanical radius for the proton. Additionally, we find predominantly repulsive forces near the proton's center, and predominantly attractive forces further out.
History of COVID-19 infection is not associated with increased D-dimer levels and risk of deep-vein thrombosis in total joint arthroplasty.

In the acute phase of COVID-19, elevated d-dimer levels indicate a hypercoagulable state putting the patients at increased risk for venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). It is unclear, if prior COVID-19 disease increases the risk for VTE after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and if d-dimer levels can be used to identify patients at risk. d-Dimer levels of 313 consecutive SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive and 2,053 -negative patients undergoing TJA between 05/20 and 12/20 were evaluated. d-Dimer levels were divided into three groups: 400 ng/ml d-dimer units (DDU). 277 SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive patients underwent a Doppler ultrasound to rule out deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) 4–6 weeks after TJA. d-Dimer levels did not differ significantly between SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive and -negative patients (p value 0.53). Among SARS-CoV-2 IgG-negative patients, 1687 (82.17%) had d-dimer levels 400 ng/ml. Of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive patients, 257 (83.71%) had d-dimer levels 400 ng/ml. A postoperative DVT was detected in nine patients (2.9%) in the SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive group and a PE in one patient (0.3%). 7/229 patients with 400 ng/ml had a DVT or PE (p = 0.43). The findings of this investigation suggest there is no difference in d-dimer levels between SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive and -negative patients undergoing TJA. Although there is a trend for increased VTE rates with increased d-dimer levels, routine d-dimer testing is not recommended based on the current data. SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive patients have a low risk of VTE in the current study.
Subunit Interactions within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA Polymerase ε (pol ε) Complex: DEMONSTRATION OF A DIMERIC pol ε

Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon (pol e) is essential for chromosomal replication. A major form of pol e purified from yeast consists of at least four subunits: Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. We have investigated the protein/protein interactions between these polypeptides by using expression of individual subunits in baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells and by using the yeast two-hybrid assay. The essential subunits, Pol2p and Dpb2p, interact directly in the absence of the other two subunits, and the C-terminal half of POL2, the only essential portion of Pol2p, is sufficient for interaction with Dpb2p. Dpb3p and Dpb4p, non-essential subunits, also interact directly with each other in the absence of the other two subunits. We propose that Pol2pzDpb2p and Dpb3pzDpb4p complexes interact with each other and document several interactions between individual members of the two respective complexes. We present biochemical evidence to support the proposal that pol e may be dimeric in vivo. Gel filtration of the Pol2pzDpb2p complexes reveals a novel heterotetrameric form, consisting of two heterodimers of Pol2pzDpb2p. Dpb2p, but not Pol2p, exists as a homodimer, and thus the Pol2p dimerization may be mediated by Dpb2p. The pol2-E and pol2-F mutations that cause replication defects in vivo weaken the interaction between Pol2p and Dpb2p and also reduce dimerization of Pol2p. This suggests, but does not prove, that dimerization may also occur in vivo and be essential for DNA replication.
Stochastic Volatility Models

Models of stochastic volatility are presented and risk-neutral pricing is introduced. Positive aspects and difficulties of stochastic volatility modeling are summarized. Keywords: stochastic volatility; option pricing; equivalent martingale measures; risk-neutral probability
Large-scale parallel viscous flow computations using an unstructured multigrid algorithm

The development and testing of a parallel unstructured agglomeration multigrid algorithm for steady-state aerodynamic flows is discussed. The agglomeration multigrid strategy uses a graph algorithm to construct the coarse multigrid levels from the given fine grid, similar to an algebraic multigrid approach, but operates directly on the non-linear system using the FAS approach. The scalability and convergence rate of the multigrid algorithm are examined on the SGI Origin 2000 and the Cray T3E. An argument is given which indicates that the asymptotic scalability of the multigrid algorithm should be similar to that of its underlying single grid smoothing scheme. For medium size problems involving several million grid points, near perfect scalability is obtained for the single grid algorithm, while only a slight drop-off in parallel efficiency is observed for the multigrid V- and W-cycles, using up to 128 processors on the SGI Origin 2000, and up to 512 processors on the Cray T3E. For a large problem using 25 million grid points, good scalability is observed for the multigrid algorithm using up to 1450 processors on a Cray T3E, even when the coarsest grid level contains fewer points than the total number of processors.
Pregnancy: Prepare for unexpected prenatal test results

Women are learning about their own health problems through fetal screening. Revise consent forms and raise awareness, urges Diana W. Bianchi.
The Bacillus anthracis cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, Anthrolysin O, kills human neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages

Bacillus anthracis is an animal and human pathogen whose virulence is characterized by lethal and edema toxin, as well as a poly-glutamic acid capsule. In addition to these well characterized toxins, B. anthracis secretes several proteases and phospholipases, and a newly described toxin of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family, Anthrolysin O (ALO). In the present studies we show that recombinant ALO (rALO) or native ALO, secreted by viable B. anthracis, is lethal to human primary polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), lymphocytes, THP-1 monocytic human cell line and ME-180, Detroit 562, and A549 epithelial cells by trypan blue exclusion or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release viability assays. ALO cytotoxicity is dose and time dependent and susceptibility to ALO-mediated lysis differs between cell types. In addition, the viability of monocytes and hMDMs was assayed in the presence of vegetative Sterne strains 7702 (ALO+), UT231 (ALO-), and a complemented strain expressing ALO, UT231 (pUTE544), and was dependent upon the expression of ALO. Cytotoxicity of rALO is seen as low as 0.070 nM in the absence of serum. All direct cytotoxic activity is inhibited by the addition of cholesterol or serum concentration as low as 10%. The lethality of rALO and native ALO on human monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes supports the idea that ALO may represent a previously unidentified virulence factor of B. anthracis. The study of other factors produced by B. anthracis, along with the major anthrax toxins, will lead to a better understanding of this bacterium's pathogenesis, as well as provide information for the development of antitoxin vaccines for treating and preventing anthrax.
Transformation of Halogen-, Alkyl-, and Alkoxy-Substituted Anilines by a Laccase of Trametes versicolor

The laccase of the fungus Trametes versicolor was able to polymerize various halogen-, alkyl-, and alkoxy-substituted anilines, showing substrate specificity similar to that of horseradish peroxidase, whereas the laccase of Rhizoctonia praticola was active only with p-methoxyaniline. The substrate specificities of the enzymes were determined by using gas chromatography to measure the decrease in substrate concentration during incubation. With p-chloroaniline as the substrate, the peroxidase and the Trametes laccase showed maximum activity near pH 4.2. The transformation of this substrate gave rise to a number of oligomers, ranging from dimers to pentamers, as determined by mass spectrometry. The product profiles obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography were similar for the two enzymes. A chemical reaction was observed between p-chloroaniline and an enzymatically formed dimer, resulting in the formation of a trimer. All three enzymes oxidized p-methoxyaniline to 2-amino-5-p-anisidinobenzoquinone di-p-methoxyphenylimine, but only the T. versicolor laccase and the peroxidase caused the formation of a pentamer (2,5-di-p-anisidinobenzoquinone di-p-methoxyphenylimine). Our results demonstrate that in addition to horseradish peroxidase, a T. versicolor laccase can also polymerize aniline derivatives.
An Adaptive Working Set Algorithm

Since the late sixties many publications on paging and related topics have been published dealing with theoretical and practical page replacement algorithms (see references in [1]). If we consider the algorithms based on the LRU (least recently used) principle there are two basic approaches for solving the page replacement problem in a multiprogramming environment: Global (e. g. global LRU) and local (e. g. WS [1] and PFF [13]). The “global LRU” type of algorithms will select for replacement the system wide least recently used pages. This approach is used by many available Operating Systems. It shows satisfactory behavior over most workloads as long as the load on main storage is not too high. The main problem with this approach is the use of “real age” (i. e., the elapsed real time since the page was last referenced) as the basis of page replacement. The real age is, as discussed in section 2, inherently unstable for many programs operating at optimal memory allocation. Global LRU is therefore, in general, not optimal. Available Operating Systems offer additional support to help the user protect critical applications from loosing their pages [2,3].
N-cadherin adherens junctions in rat cerebral artery are mechano-sensitive (664.9)

N-cadherins physically link apposing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) via formation of adherens junctions (AJ) that are coupled to the actin cytoskeleton. In isolated rat mid-cerebral artery, im...
Ovule development: genetic trends and evolutionary considerations

Much of our current understanding of ovule development in flowering pants is derived from genetic and molecular studies performed on Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis has bitegmic, anatropous ovules, representing both the most common and the putative ancestral state among angiosperms. These studies show that key genetic determinants that act to control morphogenesis during ovule development also play roles in vegetative organ formation, consistent with Goethe’s “everything is a leaf” concept. Additionally, the existence of a common set of genetic factors that underlie laminar growth in angiosperms fits well with hypotheses of homology between integuments and leaves. Utilizing Arabidopsis as a reference, researchers are now investigating taxa with varied ovule morphologies to uncover common and diverged mechanisms of ovule development.
Structure and mechanism of lysine specific demethylase enzymes

The discovery of histone-demethylating enzymes has revealed yet another reversible histone modification mark. In this review, we describe the structural and chemical insights that we have now derived underlying the activity of these enzymes. The recent co-crystal structures of LSD1 bound to a proparylamine-derivatized histone H3 peptide and JHDM structures bound to two different methylated histone H3 peptides illustrate the steric requirements and structural basis for substrate specificity.