cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physics-Based Simulator for NEO Exploration Analysis & Modeling

As part of the Space Exploration Analysis and Simulation (SEAS) task, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is using physics-based simulations at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to explore potential surface and near-surface mission operations at Near Earth Objects (NEOs). The simulator is under development at JPL and can be used to provide detailed analysis of various surface and near-surface NEO robotic and human exploration concepts. In this paper we describe the SEAS simulator and provide examples of recent mission systems and operations concepts investigated using the simulation. We also present related analysis work and tools developed for both the SEAS task as well as general modeling, analysis and simulation capabilities for asteroid/small-body objects. The SEAS simulator incorporates high-delity models of the NEO environment including its irregular geometry, the gravity eld, and the eect of perturbing forces such as other body gravity elds and solar pressure. A local regolith model consisting of many individual irregular particles interacting through friction and cohesive forces can be used to model the details of contact events at or below the NEO surface. The NEO orbit is propagated from planetary ephemerides data and the option is available to model its rotation using either a kinematic or dynamics model. The spacecraft trajectory is propagated in the low-gravity eld of the NEO and the simulation is capable of providing collision and line-of-sight information between the spacecraft, NEO and other objects. Representative NEO models based upon the Itokawa and Eros NEOs are currently in use within the simulation and a Phobos model is also under development. Spacecraft and surface assets at the NEO are modeled with full multi-body dynamics and include models for spacecraft devices such as thrusters, reaction wheels, Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), star-trackers, tethers and anchors. Illumination from the sun is modeled to allow synthesis of images from surface viewing navigation cameras. Standard spacecraft Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) functions are incorporated into the simulation to provide attitude and position control. This NEO simulation is based upon the DSENDS spacecraft modeling tool available at JPL that has been previously used on such missions as the Mars Phoenix Lander. Studies being conducted with this simulator in the NEO context include spacecraft-mounted arms performing contact and surface sampling activitites, a surface hopping robots landing interactions with the surface, iterative guidance laws for surface hopping mobility, regular and irregular orbits, station-keeping at various distances and periods, visualization of the surface and near-surface gravity elds, approach guidance simulation, tethered free-ying operations, evolution of dust plume/ejecta arising from surface operations, and anchoring of surface assets.
Three-dimensional stereo by photometric ratios

We present a novel robust methodology for corresponding a dense set of points on an object surface from photometric values for three-dimensional stereo computation of depth. The methodology utilizes multiple stereo pairs of images, with each stereo pair being taken of the identical scene but under different illumination. With just two stereo pairs of images taken under two different illumination conditions, respectively, a stereo pair of ratio images can be produced, one for the ratio of left-hand images and one for the ratio of right-hand images. We demonstrate how the photometric ratios composing these images can be used for accurate correspondence of object points. Object points having the same photometric ratio with respect to two different illumination conditions constitute a well-defined equivalence class of physical constraints defined by local surface orientation relative to illumination conditions. We formally show that for diffuse reflection the photometric ratio is invariant to varying camera characteristics, surface albedo, and viewpoint and that therefore the same photometric ratio in both images of a stereo pair implies the same equivalence class of physical constraints. The correspondence of photometric ratios along epipolar lines in a stereo pair of images under different illumination conditions is therefore a robust correspondence of equivalent physical constraints, and the determination of depth from stereo can be performed without explicit knowledge of what these corresponding physical constraints actually are. Whereas illumination planning is required, our photometric-based stereo methodology does not require knowledge of illumination conditions in the actual computation of three-dimensional depth and is applicable to perspective views. This technique extends the stereo determination of three-dimensional depth to smooth featureless surfaces without the use of precisely calibrated lighting. We demonstrate experimental depth maps from a dense set of points on smooth objects of known ground-truth shape, determined to within 1% depth accuracy.
Spiral scanning for bipolar planar near-field antenna measurements: A comparative study

Antenna measurements are an important part of the antenna design process. Bipolar planar scanning for near-field antenna measurements have been used as an alternative planar scanning technique to plane-rectangular and plane-polar scanning. Its inherent advantages, including its elimination of linear motion during scanning, its compact footprint, relatively static cabling, and its mechanical simplicity, have made it viable candidate for efficient, cost-effective, and rapid near-field antenna measurements. In addition, its mechanical configuration allows for many options in scanning modes and geometries depending on the post-processing capabilities.
The Relative Visibility of Rape Cases in National Popular Magazines

This content analysis examines the nature of rape cases selected for coverage by magazines and the types of characteristics that differentiate high- from low-publicity cases between 1980 and 1996. Concerns pivot around whether articles on rape continue the historic focus on stereotypical stranger, gang rape committed by lower-class minority men. Findings indicate that articles are broader than covering stereotypical “real” rapes exclusively, and factors such as race, class, victim-offender relationship did not differentiate the high- from low-visibility cases. The equivocal nature of the findings are viewed in the context of the backlash against feminism and the resistance to it. Conclusions draw on finer details of cases (e.g., stranger vs. acquaintance “pickups”) to broaden the conceptualization about rape to better mirror the complex realities of victimization.
Developing a Reduced-Order Model of Nonsynchronous Vibration in Turbomachinery Using Proper-Orthogonal Decomposition Methods

The paper develops a reduced-order model of non-synchronous vibration (NSV) using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) methods. The approach was successfully developed and implemented, requiring between two and six POD modes to accurately predict CFD solutions that are experiencing non-synchronous vibration. This POD method was first developed and demonstrated for a transversely-moving, two-dimensional cylinder in cross-flow. Later, the method was used for the prediction of CFD solutions for a two-dimensional compressor blade.This research is the first to offer a proper orthogonal decomposition approach to the reduced-order modeling of non-synchronous vibration in turbomachinery. Modeling non-synchronous vibration is especially challenging because NSV is caused by complicated, unsteady flow dynamics; this initial study helps researchers understand the causes of NSV, and aids in the future development of predictive tools for aeromechanical design engineers.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Notch Pathway Activity Identifies Cells with Cancer Stem Cell–like Properties and Correlates with Worse Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Purpose: The cancer stem cell theory postulates that tumors contain a subset of cells with stem cell properties of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor initiation. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Notch activity in identifying lung cancer stem cells. Experimental Design: We investigated the role of Notch activity in lung adenocarcinoma using a Notch GFP reporter construct and a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), which inhibits Notch pathway activity. Results: Transduction of lung cancer cells with Notch GFP reporter construct identified a subset of cells with high Notch activity (GFP-bright). GFP-bright cells had the ability to form more tumor spheres in serum-free media and were able to generate both GFP-bright and GFP-dim (lower Notch activity) cell populations. GFP-bright cells were resistant to chemotherapy and were tumorigenic in serial xenotransplantation assays. Tumor xenografts of mice treated with GSI had decreased expression of downstream effectors of Notch pathway and failed to regenerate tumors upon reimplantation in NOD/SCID mice. Using multivariate analysis, we detected a statistically significant correlation between poor clinical outcome and Notch activity (reflected in increased Notch ligand expression or decreased expression of the negative modulators), in a group of 443 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This correlation was further confirmed in an independent group of 89 patients with adenocarcinoma in which Hes-1 overexpression correlated with poor overall survival. Conclusions: Notch activity can identify lung cancer stem cell–like population and its inhibition may be an appropriate target for treating lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 1972–80. ©2013 AACR .
Operation of the RHIC RF systems

Operational aspects of the RHIC RF system are described. To date three different beam combinations have been collided for physics production: gold-gold, deuteron-gold, and proton-proton(polarized). To facilitate this flexibility the RF systems of the two rings are independent and self-sufficient. Techniques to cope with problems such as, injection/capture, beam loading, bunch shortening, and RF noise have evolved and are explained.
Welfare and Religion in 21st Century Europe: Volume 2. Gendered, Religious and Social Change

Welfare and Religion in 21st Century Europe: Volume 2. Gendered, Religious and Social Change ANDERS BACKSTROM, GRACE DAVIE, NINNA EDGARDH & PER PETTERSSON, eds., 2011 Farnham, Surrey & Burlington,....
Anoxia pre-dates Frasnian–Famennian boundary mass extinction horizon in the Great Basin, USA

Abstract Major and trace metal results from three Great Basin stratigraphic sections with strong conodont biostratigraphy identify a distinct anoxic interval that precedes, but ends approximately 100 kyr before, the Frasnian–Famennian (F–F, mid-Late Devonian) boundary mass extinction horizon. This horizon corresponds to the final and most severe step of a more protracted extinction period. These results are inconsistent with data reported by others from the upper Kellwasser horizon in Europe, which show anoxia persisting up to the F–F boundary in most sections. Conditions returned to fully oxygenated prior to the F–F boundary in the study area. These data indicate that the worst part of the F–F extinction was not related directly to oceanic anoxia in this region and potentially globally.
Chemical elements and the problem of universals

In this paper, I explore a seldom-recognized connection between the ontology of abstract objects and a current issue in the philosophy of chemistry. Specifically, I argue that realism with regard to universals implies a view of chemical elements similar to F.A. Paneth’s thesis about the dual nature of the concept of element.
Effect of haemodiafiltration with online regeneration of ultrafiltrate on oxidative stress in dialysis patients

Background. Increased oxidative stress (OxSt) as well as inflammation are risk factors for cardiovascular events and determinant of cardiovascular disease which remains the most common cause of excess morbidity and mortality for end-stage renal disease ESRD patients. Haemodiafiltration with on-line regeneration of ultrafiltrate (HFR) has been shown to have a positive impact on markers of inflammation while its effect on OxSt is not known. Methods. This study evaluates in haemodialysis patients the effect of HFR on the plasma level of oxidized LDL (OxLDL), a marker of OxSt, and mononuclear cell gene and protein expression of OxSt-related proteins such as p22 phox (subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase), PAI-1 (induced by OxSt and atherothrombogenetic) and haeme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (induced by OxSt). Fourteen patients were randomized into two groups in a crossover design, treated for 6 month periods with HFR (SG8 Plus-Bellco, Mirandola, Italy) or low-flux bicarbonate dialysis (HD) using a polysulphone dialyser 1.8 m 2 . Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study, after 6 months (crossover) and after 12 months. Results. ANOVA analysis of the data performed to rule out any crossover effect in either sequence was not significant and thus data from both sequences were combined and then analysed further statistically. HFR reduced mRNA production and protein expression of p22 phox and PAI-1 compared with HD (� 9 � 5 vs 2 � 6 %, P < 0.0001 and � 15 � 20 vs 3 � 17 %, P < 0.05 for p22 phox ; � 19 � 6 vs � 5 � 5 %, P < 0.0001 and � 24 � 12 vs 9 � 15 %, P < 0.0001 for PAI-1). HO-1 was unchanged (� 12 � 8 vs � 10 � 8 % and � 21 � 12 vs � 14 � 8 %) while plasma OxLDL was reduced (� 14 � 19 vs 1 � 14 %, P < 0.01). Conclusions. The results of our study indicate that HFR treatment, compared with standard dialysis, has a lower impact on OxSt. Given, the strong relationship between OxSt and inflammation and their impact on the long-term cardiovascular complications in endstage renal disease patients, HFR might have a more beneficial impact in reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients.
Disneyland Paris: a permanent economic growth pole in the Francilian landscape.

Disneyland Paris was located in the Francilian landscape to increase the capital accumulation of the Walt Disney Company. It has settled there permanently thanks, in part, to the convention signed by the Company with the French government who needed an economic growth pole in the Eastern part of the Paris Basin. Disney accepted the partnership and its constraints because it had ambitious real estate development plans. The French government, with its New Town policy was the only European country that could provide such a large acreage which it used to lever Disney's presence. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Spectral Similarity Measures for Compound Identification

Linear and nonlinear error models were considered for compound identification using Gaussian noise. As for linear error models, additive Gaussian models were constructed and multiplicative Gaussian models were used for nonlinear error models. For each error model, three similarity measures, cosine correlation, Pearson's correlation, and Spearman's rank correlation, were implemented to compare their performance of compound identification. Furthermore, the effect of zero intensities was investigated by calculating the correlation using two schemes, OR-zero and ALL-zero methods. The simulation studies showed that the rank-based correlation, Spearman's correlation, was more robust than other correlations to all the noises and ALL-zero method provides more information than OR-zero for compound identification.
Dental Fluorosis in Perspective

The relationship between fluoride in drinking water, caries and fluorosis was established 50 years ago. But additional sources that duplicate or expand fluoride benefits may not carry the same low risk for fluorosis and should be monitored.
Cas and NEDD9 Contribute to Tumor Progression through Dynamic Regulation of the Cytoskeleton

The Cas family proteins, p130Cas (Cas) and NEDD9, are adaptor molecules that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics to promote multiple cellular processes, including migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Because these functions are also critical for tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis, Cas and NEDD9 are well positioned to contribute to these oncogenic processes. Indeed, mouse models of cancer show that these proteins function during multiple stages of disease progression. Furthermore, in many human cancers, high expression of Cas and NEDD9 is associated with advanced stage disease and is predictive of poor outcome. This review explores the contribution of Cas and NEDD9 during cellular transformation and neoplastic growth, tumor progression, metastasis, and the development of therapeutic resistance. Given these roles, Cas and NEDD9 may prove to be viable candidates for use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Conserved currents in the theory of Fermi interactions

Feynman and Gell-Mann (1) have proposed a scheme in which the vector Fermi interactions are described in terms of an interaction with itself of a vector current. In a similar way the axial vector coupling may be thought of as a self interaction of an axial vector current. Furthermore, they propose to add strangeness-violating terms to these currents in order to account for strange particle decays.
Vertical Ge/Si Core/Shell Nanowire Junctionless Transistor

Vertical junctionless transistors with a gate-all-around (GAA) structure based on Ge/Si core/shell nanowires epitaxially grown and integrated on a ⟨111⟩ Si substrate were fabricated and analyzed. Because of efficient gate coupling in the nanowire-GAA transistor structure and the high density one-dimensional hole gas formed in the Ge nanowire core, excellent P-type transistor behaviors with Ion of 750 μA/μm were obtained at a moderate gate length of 544 nm with minimal short-channel effects. The experimental data can be quantitatively modeled by a GAA junctionless transistor model with few fitting parameters, suggesting the nanowire transistors can be fabricated reliably without introducing additional factors that can degrade device performance. Devices with different gate lengths were readily obtained by tuning the thickness of an etching mask film. Analysis of the histogram of different devices yielded a single dominate peak in device parameter distribution, indicating excellent uniformity and high confi...
Cooperating Teachers' Perspectives of Student Teaching Skills and Activities

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which cooperating teachers deem required student teaching skills and activities relevant to the agricultural education student teaching experience. The population for this descriptive study consisted of individuals who served as cooperating teachers in Iowa and South Dakota during the last 5 years (N = 70). The study focused on activities in eight constructs: evaluation of student performance, teaching, FFA, planning instruction, Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE), teaching profession, school–community relations, and adult education. Cooperating teachers surveyed in this study believed that seven of the eight constructs were very relevant to the student teaching experience. They thought the eighth construct, adult education, was irrelevant. This study serves as a feedback loop to university agricultural education student teaching coordinators. Since cooperating teachers exert a powerful influence on practices adopted by student teachers, it is critical that training for cooperating teachers emphasizes the importance of skills and activities required during the capstone student teaching experience. Agricultural education programs nationwide can use these results as guidelines when reviewing expectations for student teaching and cooperating teachers.
EFFECT OF SHEAR DEFORMATION ON LARGE DEFLECTIONS OF CIRCULAR SANDWICH PLATES

C. V. Smith, Jr. Assistant Professor Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia W = measure of effect of shear deformation Differential equations are presented which describe axisymmetric, large deflections of circular sandwich plates, including the effect of transverse shear deformation. The equations are solved for the following states of loading and boundary conditions: tributed around a simply supported, movable boundary, 2) uniform lateral load with a clamped, immovable boundary, a clamped, movable boundary. For each load state, the differential equations are first nondimensionalized. Then a power series solution is assumed, with the coefficients determined by an iteration technique which insures satisfaction of the boundary conditions. Numerical results are presented which show that transverse shear deformation has a significant effect on the large deflections of sandwich plates. One of the new and most interesting results appears in the case of the uniform edge moment loading, where including r e 1) moments uniformly dis3) uniform lateral load with M* = nondimensionalized applied edge moment; see M = applied edge moment M ,M = bending moments in a circular plate Eq. (38) 0 1 ($)2 6E 5GZ 2 1211.-v ) for transversely orthotropic, homogeneous plates for isotropic, homogeneous plates t 2 Eftf 1 , for sandwich plates. transverse shear deformation causes a decrease of ~ N ,N = in-plane forces in a circular plate deflection at the center of the plate. r e Nomenclature in-plane rigidity Eh., for homogeneous plates 2Eftf, for sandwich plates bendifig rigidity Eh.3 , for homogeneous plates 12( l-v2) E t t 2 =-, for sandwich plates 2(1-vy ) E = modulus of elasticity E = modulus of elasticity for face material F = nondimensional radial in-plane force; see f Eqs. (36) and (68). G = transverse shear'modulus G = shear modulus for core material . R = radius of a circular plate S = nondimensiohalized applied transverse load; see Eq. (68) Vr h q = applied transverse load r = radial coordinate = transverse shear in a circular plate = thickness of homogeneous plate = thickness of core in a sandwich plate = thickness of the identical face layers in = radial displacement of the midplane tc tf u a sandwich plate 0 W = transverse displacement w1 = slope of the deformed midsurface; see Z = transverse coordinate measured from the Eq. (6) midplane CY crrn,eem = midsurface strains, see Eq. (5) = slope of the deformed cross sectim = transverse shearing strain; see Eq. (4) = curvatures of the deformed midsurface; see Eq. (5) * 'P = nondimensionalized radial coordinate; This paper presents a portion of a dissertation submitted to the Department of Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the see Eq. (36) midsurface; see Eqs. (36) and (68) cp = nondimensionalized slope of the deformed degree of Doctor of Science. 7ax V = Poisson's ratio
Flow of Information Underlying a Tactile Decision in Mice

Motor planning allows us to conceive, plan, and initiate skilled motor behaviors. Motor planning involves activity distributed widely across the cortex. How this activity dynamically comes together to guide movement remains an unsolved problem. We study motor planning in mice performing a tactile decision behavior. Head-fixed mice discriminate object locations with their whiskers and report their choice by directional licking (“lick left”/“lick right”). A short-term memory component separates tactile “sensation” and “action” into distinct epochs. Using loss-of-function experiments, cell-type specific electrophysiology, and cellular imaging, we delineate when and how activity in specific brain areas and cell types drives motor planning in mice. Our results suggest that information flows serially from sensory to motor areas during motor planning. The motor cortex circuit maintains the motor plan during short-term memory and translates the motor plan into motor commands that drive the upcoming directional licking.
Shutdown Decision of Firms Based on Variable Costs and Demand Empirical Evidence From the Forest Products Industry of Alabama

The forest products industry in Alabama, the second largest manufacturing sector of the state, has been experiencing a recession in production, number of establishments and employees since the mid-...
Wills Law on the Ground

Traditional wills doctrine was notorious for its formalism. Courts insisted that testators strictly comply with the Wills Act and refused to consider extrinsic evidence to construe instruments. However, the 1990 Uniform Probate Code revisions and the Restatement (Third) of Property: Wills and Donative Transfers replaced these venerable bright-line rules with fact-sensitive standards in an effort to foster individualized justice. Although some judges, scholars, and lawmakers welcomed this seismic shift, others objected that inflexible principles provide clarity and deter litigation. But with little hard evidence about the operation of probate court, the frequency of disputes, and decedents’ preferences, these factions have battled to a stalemate. This Article casts fresh light on this debate by reporting the results of a study of every probate matter stemming from deaths during the course of a year in a major California county. This original dataset of 571 estates reveals how wills law plays out on the ground. The Article uses these insights to analyze the issues that divide the formalists and the functionalists, such as the requirement that wills be witnessed, holographic wills, the harmless error rule, ademption by extinction, and anti-lapse.
The Allegory of the Commodity Form

Through the use of allegory, this chapter introduces a new way to interpret the social meaning of commodities. Cultural Studies has developed effective ways of examining the social role of the commodity form, both in the regulation of social positions and in the circulation of capital. This chapter argues that, while these interpretations are necessary for understanding important aspects of consumer society, that focus can often overshadow the recognition of a third kind of appeal, one that is made by aesthetic commodities toward the formation of sensuous communities. Often hidden and distorted, this appeal is shown in this chapter to take shape as an allegory, one whose truth turns on the social question of beauty.
Zur Blattnervatur antillanischer Arten der Gattung Crossopetalum P. Br. (Celastraceae)

Summary The results of leaf morphological and leaf venation studies of 16 species and critical taxa of the genus Crossopetalum are presented. Three venation patterns and their evolutionary trends are described. By increase of number of secondaries evolution has proceeded from the basic brochidodromous type to the less frequent semicraspedodromous and finally to the craspedodromous pattern particular to species with strikingly toothed leaves and a spatially developed blade. Differences in tooth venation are suggesting a remarkable parallel evolution of the semicraspedodromous pattern. Different strategies in adaption to xerophytic habitate have led to species with a thick leathery leaf and revolute margin on serpentine in E-Cuba and to very small leaves on white sands and limestone. Among species with toothed leaves groups with an apically protruding or recurved tooth can be distinguished. Leafmorphology and venation patterns lend characters useful for the delimitation of species groups and for recognition of relationships.
Equilibrium: one-dimensional configurations

Introduction Although the magnetic configurations of fusion interest are toroidal, one can begin to develop physical intuition by first investigating their one-dimensional cylindrically symmetric analogs: the θ -pinch, the Z -pinch, and the general screw pinch. These can be considered to be the basic building blocks of MHD equilibrium. Focusing on cylindrical systems allows the two basic problems of MHD equilibrium – radial pressure balance and toroidal force balance – to be separated, so that each can be studied individually. The one-dimensional model focuses entirely on radial pressure balance. The question of toroidal force balance does not enter since by definition the geometry is a linear cylinder. For many configurations, once radial pressure balance is established, toroidicity can be introduced by means of an inverse aspect ratio expansion, from which one can then investigate toroidal force balance. Chapter 5 provides a description of the basic one-dimensional configurations and how they provide radial pressure balance in a plasma. In particular, it is shown that both toroidal and poloidal fields as well as combinations thereof can easily accomplish this goal. Included in the analysis are descriptions of two present day fusion concepts: the reversed field pinch, and the ohmic tokamak. These configurations are singled out since both their radial pressure balance and MHD stability are reasonably well described by the one-dimensional cylindrical model. Toroidal effects can be treated perturbatively and make small quantitative, but not qualitative, corrections to the cylindrical equilibrium and stability results.
Karyopherin-β2 Recognition of a PY-NLS Variant that Lacks the Proline-Tyrosine Motif.

Summary Karyopherin-β2 or Transportin-1 binds proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signals (PY-NLSs) in its cargos. PY-NLSs are described by structural disorder, overall positive charge, and binding epitopes composed of an N-terminal hydrophobic or basic motif and a C-terminal R-X 2-5 P-Y motif. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 binds Kapβ2 with high affinity but does not contain a recognizable PY-NLS. The crystal structure of the Kapβ2-H3 tail shows residues 11–27 of H3 binding to the PY-NLS site of Kapβ2. H3 residues 11 TGGKAPRK 18 bind the site for PY-NLS Epitope 1 (N-terminal hydrophobic/basic motif), which is most important for Kapβ2-binding. H3 residue Arg26 occupies the PY-NLS Epitope 2 position (usually arginine of R-X 2-5 P-Y) but PY-NLS Epitope 3 (proline-tyrosine motif) is missing in the H3 tail. Histone H3 thus provides an example of a PY-NLS variant with no proline-tyrosine or homologous proline-hydrophobic motif. The H3 tail uses a very strong Epitope 1 to compensate for loss of the often-conserved proline-tyrosine epitope.
Directed Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes have outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Their exceptional transport properties make them especially well suited for electronic applications. Although they are much heralded for their promise, technological implementation has remained elusive. The key bottleneck is the lack of fabrication tools suited for these materials, as conventional top-down fabrication tools do not work with nanomaterials. This chapter focuses on the development of bottom-up assembly tools that use electrostatic and/or chemical forces to assemble the materials into the necessary structures.
Partial-Interval Estimation of Count: Uncorrected and Poisson-Corrected Error Levels:

A simulation study that used 3,000 computer-generated event streams with known behavior rates, interval durations, and session durations was conducted to test whether the main and interaction effec...
Easy Return: An App for Indoor Backtracking Assistance

We present a system that, implemented as an iPhone app controllable from an Apple Watch, can help a blind person backtrack a route taken in a building. This system requires no maps of the building or environment modifications. While traversing a path from a starting location to a destination, the system builds and records a path representation in terms of a sequence of turns and of step counts between turns. If the user wants to backtrack the same path, the system can provide assistance by tracking the user's location in the recorded path, and producing directional information in speech form about the next turns and step counts to follow. The system was tested with six blind participants in a controlled indoor experiment.
Serial non-adherence in epilepsy clinics: an analysis of patient characteristics and resource utilization. (P5.285)

Objective: To describe demographical and clinical characteristics, along with alternate clinical resources utilization, among patients who serially miss their out-patient epilepsy clinics. Background: Patient engagement and continued clinical follow-up improves health outcomes and reduces healthcare costs. Epilepsy is a chronic disease requiring long-term out-patient follow-up. The aim of our study was to identify and characterize patients who serially (≥2 times) miss their clinic appointments in a calendar year. Design/Methods: After IRB approval, we searched our prospectively maintained out-patient clinic database to identify adult patients who missed ≥2 scheduled follow-up visits between 06/01/2016 to 05/30/2017. Their electronic medical records were reviewed to extract demographical and clinical variables. Categorical variables were described using frequencies and percentages, while continuous variables were described using medians and quartiles Results: A total of 110 patients qualified study criteria, accounting for 2.8% of all established patients. Their median age was 39.3 (30.7 – 48.8) years; women constituted 57% of the study population. Around 52% were Caucasians and 45% were African-Americans. More than 2 visits were missed by 17% of patients. Sixty-five percent were unemployed and 67% lived Conclusions: A small number of, mostly young adult, patients exhibit serial non-adherence to epilepsy clinic. Lack of means of transportation, but not the distance, may be a contributing factor. Use of technology like tele-neurology may benefit these patients. A comparative analysis against a control, follow-up adherent patient population is planned to better define serial non-adherence in epilepsy clinics. Disclosure: Dr. Huynh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Najm has nothing to disclose. Dr. Punia has nothing to disclose.
Exercise as Medical Treatment for Depression

Major depression is a now well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), comparable in potency with conventional risk factors ([1][1]). Epidemiological study has demonstrated a proportional relationship between the severity of depressive symptoms and the likelihood of subsequent
Methods of Far Infrared Spectroscopy

The first part of this paper will be a discussion of some of the physical limitations encountered in far infrared spectroscopy using the echellette grating monochromator with filters to separate orders. An inclusive discussion of the methods of far infrared spectroscopy using gratings and filters will be omitted because these methods are well known and used in hundreds of laboratories. In about the past 5 years such spectroscopic systems have become available from instrument manufacturers. The last part of the paper will describe some less common systems using interferometric equipment. There will be an account of some new detectors which can be applied to far infrared spectroscopy.
Maximal portion of the young pig's sulfur amino acid requirement that can be furnished by cystine.

Three pig experiments were conducted using a chemically defined, amino acid diet under conditions in which all nutrients were 100% bioavailable to assess the maximal portion of the sulfur amino acid (SAA) requirement that could be furnished by cystine (Cys). In Exp. 1, a methionine (Met)-deficient diet containing .12% L-Met and .40% L-Cys was supplemented with graded levels of L-Met. Pigs weighing 10 kg initially responded quadratically (P less than .05) to Met supplementation. A two-slope, broken-line regression model (weight gain regressed on percentage of dietary Met) estimated an infection point at .23% dietary Met. A constant level of .46% dietary SAA with differing Met:Cys weight (wt:wt) ratios was used in Exp. 2. Pigs fed Met:Cys ratios of 60:40 and 50:50 had similar (P greater than .05) weight gains, but pigs fed a 40:60 Met:Cys ratio gained less (P less than .05) than those fed the other diets. Maintaining dietary sulfur at .111% in Exp. 3, pigs fed Met:Cys ratios (wt:wt) of 100:0, 55:45, 50:50, and 45:55 gained weight at similar (P greater than .05) rates, but pigs fed the 45:55 Met:Cys ratio had a tendency to produce lower weight gains. Regardless of whether a constant dietary SAA or sulfur level was maintained, no more than 50% of the young pig's total SAA requirement (wt:wt) could be furnished by Cys.
Lifelong Science Learning for Adults: The Role of Free-Choice Experiences

Science learning is increasingly a lifelong, self-directed process, dominated by out-of-school, free-choice learning experiences. This chapter discusses the scope and scale of that learning across a range of informal contexts – museums, zoos and aquariums; broadcast media such as television and radio; hobby groups; electronic media such as social networks, games, podcasts and the Internet. As the where, when and with whom of science learning continue to change so too must the strategies for measuring and studying the public’s engagement with science. Suggestions for new approaches are offered.
22 – Gonococcal Infection in Women

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonococcal infection, is a uniquely human pathogen belonging to the family Nesseriaceae. Up to 50% of women with gonococcal infection are asymptomatic. Its critical epidemiologic feature, silent infection, leads to delayed diagnosis, which, in turn, is associated with an increased period of communicability and increased risk of complications. Furthermore, the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from an HIV-infected person is increased among persons coinfected with gonorrhea. In addition, HIV-infected persons coinfected with gonorrhea may be more likely to transmit HIV to an uninfected partner due to increased HIV concentration in their genital secretions. Patients who are infected with N. gonorrhoeae are often coinfected with C. trachomatis, with studies demonstrating coinfection rates among women ranging from 35 to 50%. Routine dual treatment of both infections without testing for chlamydia has been recommended in the setting of presumptive gonococcal infection or when a person presents as the sexual contact of a person with a presumptive or definite diagnosis of gonorrhea from any site. Such an approach was found to be cost effective in populations where chlamydial infection accompanies 20–40% of gonococcal infections.
Identification of microRNAs and their targets in four Gossypium species using RNA sequencing

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding endogenous riboregulators that play significant roles in plant growth, development, metabolism, defense, and stress responses. Upland cotton is best known for its economic value as natural fiber and oil. It is also an important model for genome evolution, polyploidy effects, cell growth, and cell wall biosynthesis. The polyploid species, Gossypium hirsutum L. (2n = 52), evolved from two progenitors (2n = 26), one contributing an ancestral genome similar to A genomes of G. herbaceum and G. arboreum , and the other like the D genome of G. raimondii . There is much to be learned about Gossypium miRNAs and their gene targets, about the effects of polyploidy and their practical ramifications. In this study, small-RNA (sRNA) libraries from four Gossypium species and three tissue libraries (seed, seedling, and leaf) from G. hirsutum were constructed and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing with Illumina/MiSeq then computational prediction by MIREAP. Results showed 245 known miRNAs belonging to 67 miRNA families and 149 novel (non-redundant and redundant) miRNAs derived from 394 genomic loci. This unified study identified 21 and 33 conserved miRNA families across four Gossypium species and three tissue libraries, respectively. Similar to canonical miRNAs, the 5′ of novel miRNAs had the higher preference for U and A residues. In this study, 551 potential target genes were predicted in 45 conserved miRNA families, while 439 targets were associated with 113 novel miRNAs. The majority of the conserved (34%) and novel (22%) miRNA targets identified belonged to cellular processes and signaling. However, the functional diversity of novel miRNA targets is attributed to the tissue and species bias. Most of the identified targets were regulated by mRNA cleavage than by translational repression. These results provide a basis for better understanding regulatory networks in upland cotton ( G. hirsutum ) and its closest progenitors.
DIFFUSION IN ZEOLITE MOLECULAR SIEVES

Intracrystalline diffusion of adsorbed molecules in zeolite crystals is critically important in relation to the application of zeolites as adsorbents and shape-selective catalysts. Over the past 50 years, this subject has attracted considerable research, aimed both at developing improved experimental methods for measurement of intracrystalline diffusion and at increasing our basic understanding of the transport mechanism. Intracrystalline diffusion, also known as “configurational diffusion,” is an activated process, the energy of activation arising from steric hindrance. The diffusional activation energy and therefore the diffusivity, for a given sorbate, are directly related to the pore size. This chapter discusses the experimental techniques and their advantages and limitations. It reviews some of the reported diffusivity values, highlighting the agreement, and discrepancies among different measurement techniques and the observed trends of diffusivity and activation energy with molecular size/shape, zeolite composition, and channel geometry. The chapter also discusses the quantitative relationship between zeolite diffusion and catalyst activity.
Exposure to Blast Overpressure Impairs Cerebral Microvascular Responses and Alters Vascular and Astrocytic Structure.

Abstract Exposure to blast overpressure may result in cerebrovascular impairment, including cerebral vasospasm. The mechanisms contributing to this vascular response are unclear. The aim of this st...
Top management support and information systems implementation success: a meta-analytical replication

Factors that contribute to the success or failure of information systems implementation have received extensive attention in the literature. Top management support is considered one of the most, if not the most, critical factors for implementation success. However, the positive effect of top management support is not always borne out in empirical data, prompting a quest for moderator variables. A classic meta-analysis shows that the effect of top management support on implementation success is moderated by task interdependence, a claim refuted in several more recent meta-analyses. Drawing from the lessons learned from these meta-analyses, the current research reanalysed the top management support literature with a larger sample while controlling for the effect of common method variance and systems success measurement issues. The results reaffirm the significant and substantial effect of top management support on systems success. At the same time, evidence also supports the moderating role of task interdependence, common method variance, and how systems success is measured. Implications for systems implementation are discussed.
A series of unfortunate events: characterizing the contingent nature of physiological extremes using long-term environmental records.

Accelerating shifts in global climate have focused the attention of ecologists and physiologists on extreme environmental events. However, the dynamic process of physiological acclimatization compl...
Wavelength‐dependent singlet oxygen generation in luminescent lanthanide complexes with a pyridine‐bis(carboxamide)‐terthiophene sensitizer

Lanthanide ion (LnIII ) complexes, [Ln(3Tcbx)2 ]3+ (LnIII =YbIII , NdIII , ErIII ) are isolated with a new pyridine-bis(carboxamide)-based ligand with a 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene pendant (3TCbx), and their resulting photophysical properties are explored. Upon excitation of the complexes at 490 nm, only LnIII emission is observed with efficiencies of 0.29 % at 976 nm for LnIII =YbIII and 0.16 % at 1053 nm for LnIII =NdIII . ErIII emission is observed but weak. Upon excitation at 400 nm, concurrent 1 O2 formation is seen, with efficiencies of 11 % for the YbIII and NdIII complexes and 13 % for the ErIII complex. Owing to the concurrent generation of 1 O2 , as expected, the efficiency of metal-centered emission decreases to 0.02 % for YbIII and 0.05 % for NdIII . The ability to control 1 O2 generation through the excitation wavelength indicates that the incorporation of 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene results in access to multiple sensitization pathways. These energy pathways are unraveled through transient absorption spectroscopy.
Characterization of Phenolic Acid Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Structure-Property Relationships.

Plant-derived phenolic acids (PAs) are small molecules with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-coagulant properties. Their chemistry enables facile potential incorporation into biomaterial scaffolds to provide naturally-derived functionalities that could improve healing outcomes. While PAs have been previously characterized, their structure-property relationships in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties are not well-understood, particularly in the context of their use in medical applications. To that end, a library of PAs with varied pendant groups was characterized here. It was found that increasing the number of radical-scavenging hydroxyl and methoxy groups on PAs increased antioxidant properties. All PAs showed some antimicrobial activity against the selected bacteria strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis (native and drug-resistant), and Staphylococcus aureus (native and drug-resistant)) at concentrations that are feasible for incorporation into polymeric biomaterials. In general, a trend of slightly decreased antimicrobial efficacy with increased number of pendant hydroxyl and methoxy groups was observed. The carboxylic acid group of a selection of PAs was modified with a polyurethane monomer analog. Modification did not greatly affect antioxidant or antimicrobial properties in comparison to unmodified controls, indicating that the carboxylic acid group of PAs can be altered without losing functionality. These results could be utilized for rational selection of phenolic moieties for use as therapeutics on their own or as part of a biomaterial scaffold with desired healing outcomes.
Soil Tests for Predicting Corn Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer in New York

The presidedress nitrate test (PSNT) is currently the best tool available for Northeastern producers to determine if corn (Zea mays L.) will benefit from sidedress N. The PSNT requires 0- to 30-cm soil samples, which can be difficult to obtain on stony soils, and samples need to be taken in late-spring, an inopportune time for dairy (Bos taurus) farmers. Additionally, the in-season nature of the PSNT prevents its use by producers who apply preplant broadcast N. The Illinois soil N test (ISNT) is a simple test that estimates a potentially mineralizable fraction of soil organic N, amino sugar N. The test was able to identify sites that are nonresponsive to sidedress N fertilization in Illinois. From 2002 to 2004, 33 field trials were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the ISNT as compared with the PSNT in New York. Results confirmed the ability of the PSNT to separate responsive from nonresponsive corn sites. The ISNT was not an effective predictor by itself. However, when ISNTresults and soil organic matter (OM) were considered, critical values could be developed that separated fields that were responsive to sidedress N from nonresponsive sites for corn silage dry matter yield, N concentration, N uptake, and estimated milk yield (kg of milk per ha predicted based on yield and quality of the silage). Further evaluation of the ISNT with consideration for OM could improve the accessibility of soil N testing to corn producers who apply N as sidedress as well as those who fertilize with preplant broadcast applications in the Northeast.