cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adequacy of a health program for the Nigerian population: a critique of the free health scheme in Oyo state 1979-1982.

The adequacy of the Nigerian free health program declared in Oyo state on October 1 1979 is open to question because census data is unreliable. The only officially certified census figures used for planning are from the 1963 census. It yielded Oyo state a population of 5208884 but the National Population Bureau assumed a 12% overcount and Olusanya estimated a 16% overcount. Thus 3 sets of population estimates exist with projected growth rates of 2.7% for 1963-73 and 3.1% for 1973-83. Tables present measures of health status for the years 1979-82 for the 3 sets of estimates. The 4 indices of health status examined are: 1) doctor/population ratio: in 1979 1 to 58327 (high census estimate) 1:48995 (low estimate); in 1982 1:33770 (high) and 1:28367 (low); 2) nurse-midwife/population: for 1979 1:7575 (high) 1:6362 (low); in 1982 1:5336 (high) 1:4483 (low); 3) pharmacist/population: for 1979 1:166649 (high) 1:139986 (low); for 1982 1:175473 (high) 1:147396 (low); and 4) per capita health expenditure: for 1979 US $1.71 per person (high) US $2.03 (low); for 1982 US $3.25 (high) and US $3.86 (low). 1 conclusion is that efforts to improve health have had modest impact because of the probable underestimation of the population. The uncertainty of the number of people for whom plans or programs are intended has adversely affected the implementation of such programs as the UPE OFN and the Basic Health Service Program. Greater attention to human resources is needed since the use of an unreliable population data base can impose constraints on how development plans proceed even when adequate financial resources are available.
Endourologic Management of Complications in Renal Allografts

Because of the altered anatomy, the presence of immunosuppression, the possibility of graft rejection, and the serious implications of a problem involving a solitary kidney, the transplanted kidney presents unique challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of urologic complications. Historically, the mortality rate in these patients has been as high as 68%, and as many as 15% of the allografts have been lost. Today, endourologic procedures are used for prompt diagnosis, temporization, and even definitive management of many urologic complications, and many patients and allografts are being saved. The authors review present techniques and suggest others that may be available in the future.
Identification of Casein Kinase II and Phosphorylated Proteins Associated with Messenger Ribonucleoproteins Particles from Reticulocytes

Messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles, isolated from reticulocyte polysomes and purified by buoyant density centrilfugation in metrizamide, contained an endogenous protein kinase activity. The cyclic-nucleotide-independent protein kinase phosphorylated casein using either ATP or GTP as the phosphoryl donor and had properties similar to casein kinase II, an enzyme previously purified and characterized from the post-ribosomal supernate of reticulocytes. Antibody prepared to casein kinase II was shown to inhibit the protein kinase activity in the mRNP particles. The endogenous enzyme phosphorylated four peptides (Mr, 125000, 107000, 76000 and 63000) in the mRNP particle. Three of the four peptides, plus another (Mr, 175000), were phosphorylated by purified casein kinase II while two peptides (Mr, 95000) and Mr, 76000) were phosphorylated with casein kinase I. The mRNP particles were not substrates for the CAMP-dependent protein kinases.
Ultrastructure of the gonad and gametogenesis in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. II. Testis and spermatogenesis

The ultrastructural features of the testis and spermatogenesis have been described from the eastern oyster,Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791). The testis is a diffuse organ consisting of branching acini containing differentiating sperm in a variety of stages. Spermatogonia are located nearest the outer wall of the acinus, while spermatocytes and spermatids are positioned nearer the lumen. Mature spermatozoa are all confined to the central region of the acinus. The acinus is surrounded by an intermittent layer of myoepithelial cells and is bathed by a $uid-filled hemocoel. Vesicular connective tissue (VCT cells) fills the region between adjacent acini, and the cells contain glycogen granules and lipid droplets. Each acinus is divided radially into subcompartments that are partially separated by pleomorphic accessory cells which remain in close contact with sperm until late stages of development. Sperm are similar to those described in other oysters, except that five midpiece mitochondria were observed in some sperm rather than the usual four, and the acrosomal vesicle lacked the “whorled” substructure described in some other oyster sperm. We suggest that the neutral term “accessory cells” be applied to bivalve testicular somatic cells until more detailed studies are available to justify the use of “Sertoli cell” and other descriptive terms which have previously been adopted from other taxa only distantly related to bivalves.
Tubular Basement Membrane Antibody-Induced Interstitial Nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Interstitial nephritis characterized by linear staining for human immunoglobulin G(IgG) along the tubular basement membrane of proximal renal tubules is described in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoantibodies reacting with the tubular basement membrane of the proximal renal tubules and Bowman capsule of glomeruli were present in serum. The autantibodies were specific and could be absorbed with a normal human renal cortical fraction. The findings suggest that in addition to the well-known, immune complex-mediated injury, autoantibody-induced interstitial nephritis can also rarely occur in SLE.
Clift Islands in the Coral Seas.

The great majority of reef-encircled islands in the Coral Seas are of maturely dissected form, with slopes of moderate declivity that descend to an indented shoreline, where the tapering spurs end in salient points and the widening valleys open into branching bays, thus proclaiming that the islands have suffered partial submergence since they were dissected. It is generally agreed by those who accept this interpretation of insular relief in relation to shoreline pattern that the encircling barrier reefs have grown upwards from their beginning as fringing reefs during the subsidence which gave the shoreline its indented outline. Reasons for this conclusion were given in a previous article 'The Origin of Coral Reefs' in these PROCEEDINGS 1, 146-152, 1915; they have been more fully stated in 'A Shaler Memorial Study of Coral Reefs' recently published in the American Journal of Science, 40, 223-271, 1915. The object of the present article is to call attention to certain exceptional reef-encircled islands, Reunion, Tahiti, and New Caledonia, in the Coral Seas, which present clift shore lines, and to suggest an explanation by which their exceptional features may be simply accounted for. If all the islands of the Coral Seas were clift like these three, they would support either the theory of veneering barrier reefs on wave-cut platforms, or the Glacial-control theory of coral reefs. But clift islands are exceptional. Some means of explaining them must be found which will not be in discord with the theory of coral reefs that is supported by the features of non-clift islands, namely, Darwin's theory of intermittent subsidence. It will appear from what follows that the suggested means of explaining the exceptional clift islands of the Coral Seas gives unexpected support to this theory. Imagine a young volcanic island, from which detritus is washed so abundantly into the sea that corals and the associated reef-making organisms can establish themselves if at all, only in short and discontinuous fringing-reef patches around its shore. So long as the island continues to grow by eruption, its height and perimeter will increase; its earlier fringing reef patches will be buried under newer lava flows, agglomerate beds and ash falls. The completed volcanic island will have a shoreline of simple pattern without pronounced salients and reentrants, because the materials ejected from the summit crater are spread rather equably on all sides of the cone, and thus give it a nearly circular base. The sim-
Amplifier-Gain Formulas and Measurements

The existence of numerous definitions of amplifier gain, not all of which are generally available or understood, has caused considerable confusion. This paper gives precise mathematical statement to the most widely accepted definitions and applies them in sample cases to make their full meaning evident and assure that they may be understood correctly. In addition, it develops and illustrates the application of a practical method for expressing the insertion gain of amplifiers used primarily for voltage amplification.
Mechanical Properties of Human Fetal Talus

Mechanical characterization of human cartilage anlagen is required to effectively model congenital musculoskeletal deformities. Such modeling can effectively explore the effect of treatment procedures and potentially suggest enhanced treatment methods. Using serial MRI, we have noted shape changes of the cartilaginous hindfoot anlagen in patients with clubfoot, suggesting they are soft and deformable. We therefore determined the stress relaxation behavior of cartilage plugs obtained from third-trimester stillborn fetuses in unconfined and confined compression geometries. The material parameters determined were the aggregate modulus HA = 0.15 ± 0.07 MPa, Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.4 ± 0.06, Young’s modulus Es = 0.06 ± 0.03 MPa, and permeability coefficients k0 = 2.01 ± 0.8 × 10−14 m4 N−1 s−1 and M = 4.6 ± 1.0. As compared with adult articular cartilage, stiffness was an order of magnitude lower than the values reported in the literature, suggesting the relative softness of the tissue, and the permeability was an order of magnitude higher, indicating relative ease of flow in the tissue. Poisson’s ratio also was close to the higher end of the range reported in previous studies. Such material is expected to deform and relax to larger extents. These findings are consistent with the deformability of the cartilage anlagen during manipulation and casting for treatment of clubfoot.
Fast infrared measurements of the thermal diffusivities of anisotropic materials

We describe a pulsed method for measuring the principal values of the thermal diffusivity tensor of an anistropic materials. The technique utilizes IR imaging of a shadow as a function of time and space.
Chemical Characterization of a New Japanese Variant of Carbonic Anhydrase I, CA INagasaki 1 (76 Arg Gln)

A new inherited variant of carbonic anhydrase I (CA I), designated CA INagasaki 1 (CA INGS 1), was discovered during a survey of hemolysates from 5852 individuals from the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Analysis of the amino acid composition of a tryptic peptide from the CA INGS 1 variant indicated that a glutaminyl residue was substituted for an arginyl residue at position 76. Heat degradation studies showed that the CA INGS 1 variant was less stable than normal CA I. The CO2 hydrase and esterase activities of the normal and variant carbonic anhydrases I, as well as the relative amounts of the two enzymes in heterozygotes, were similar.
Combined heuristics for bi-level group scheduling problems

Abstract In this paper the comparative performance of several combined heuristics for solving bi-level group scheduling problems is investigated. At the first level, the sequence of parts within a part family/group is determined. While at the second, an appropriate sequence for groups of jobs is determined. Both single-pass and multiple-pass heuristics are selected for completely solving a group scheduling problem at both levels in order to minimize the makespan. Two different research questions are addressed. The first determines which of the combinations, each consisting of a single (Petrov, 1966 (PT)) and a multiple-pass heuristic (Logendran and Nudtasomboon, 1991 (LN); Campbell, Dudek and Smith, 1970 (CDS)), is a better performer. The second determines which of the two multiple-pass heuristics (LN or CDS) is a better performer, if used at both levels. The experiments have been setup as factorial designs with split-plots across the heuristics. Several test problems are solved for addressing the key issues raised in both questions. Results obtained show that, for research question 1, a combination given by LN at the first level, followed by PT at the second level is the most preferred arrangement. For research question 2, a combination represented by LN-LN outperforms CDS-CDS.
Identification of mental illness: Its consequences for rejection

This paper is concerned with the significance of recent changes in the public's ability to correctly identify descriptions of mental illness. Whereas other investigators have argued that increased abilities to identify mental illness may lead to greater acceptance of the mentally ill, this paper suggests that increased abilities to identify mental illness may very well have directly opposite consequences. Data collected in a small New England community revealed that the ability to correctly identify behavior as mental illness is associated with rejection, not with acceptance.
Etanercept combined with conventional treatment in Wegener's granulomatosis: A six-month open-label trial to evaluate safety

Objective To evaluate the safety of etanercept (Enbrel) in patients receiving conventional treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Methods We performed a 6-month open-label trial of etanercept (25 mg subcutaneously twice weekly) which was added to standard therapies for WG (glucocorticoids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, cyclosporine) and prescribed according to disease severity. Evaluations of clinical response were determined by the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for WG (BVAS/WG) in 20 patients with persistently active disease or with new flares of previously established WG. Fourteen of the 20 patients (70%) had etanercept added as the only new therapeutic variable. Results Injection site reactions (ISRs) were the most common adverse event related to etanercept (8 episodes in 5 patients [25%]; <1% of all injections). All ISRs were mild. Two patients had a combined total of 5 hospitalizations (1 patient had 4), but no hospitalizations were attributable solely to etanercept-related adverse events. One patient with severe subglottic stenosis developed pneumococcal tracheobronchitis and subsequently had a localized Herpes zoster infection. Nineteen patients (95%) were still taking etanercept at 6 months, the single exception being a patient who developed progression of orbital (retro-bulbar) disease at 4 months. There were no deaths. The mean BVAS/WG at entry was 3.6 (range 1–8), which decreased at 6 months to 0.6 (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −4.0 to −2.1). Among the 14 patients in whom etanercept was the only new treatment variable, the mean daily prednisone dose decreased from 12.9 mg at entry to 6.4 mg at 6 months. This comparison did not achieve statistical significance (difference −6.5; P = 0.19, 95% CI −16.6 to +3.6). Sixteen of the patients (80%) achieved BVAS/WG scores of 0 at some point. However, intermittently active disease was observed in 15 patients (75%). Conclusion In this open-label trial, etanercept used in combination with standard treatments was well-tolerated in patients with WG. Adverse events were few. BVAS/WG scores improved at 6 months, but intermittently active WG (occasionally severe) was common. A randomized, double-masked trial to assess the efficacy of etanercept in WG has begun.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Consensus Tetratricopeptide Repeat Proteins

The Consensus Tetratricopeptide repeat (CTPR) is a designed 34 amino acid helix-turn-helix motif that occurs in tandem arrays. CTPR proteins provide the unique opportunity to study proteins lacking the long range interactions characteristic of globular proteins. Extensive experimental data from Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), florescence correlation (FCS), circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies consistently show that the unfolding/folding of these repeats are not two-state folding pathway. Instead there are partially intermediate species along the pathway. To provide atomic detail to complement the experimental data we have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in water of CTPR proteins with two and three repeats, totaling 1.2 μs of simulation time. Thermal unfolding simulations go from the native to the denatured state where all helical content is eliminated in agreement with CD experiments of CTPR proteins in chemical denaturant. We use a variety of methods to analyze the unfolding pathways including a multiproperty reaction coordinate and conformational clustering. In this way, structures along the pathways are assigned native, intermediate and denatured states and the properties of these states are calculated and compared. The unfolding of the CTPRs is initiated by the loss of contacts between two repeat motifs which leads to the destabilization and subsequent unfolding of those repeat domains as intra-helix contacts are lost. The unfolding of individual repeats leads to partially unfolded species in agreement with experiment.
Molecular Simulation Study of Alkyl Monolayers on Si(111)

Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to search for the optimal packing structure of C18 alkyl monolayers on a Si(111) surface. The optimal molecular packing was found based on the consideration of three major factors: molecular substitution, substitution pattern, and molecular orientation on the Si(111) surface. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations were also performed to validate the force field used for the alkyl/Si(111) system. It was shown that the optimal packing structure was size-independent when it was extended to large systems. Molecular dynamics simulation results based on the optimal packing structure in a temperature range from 50 to 500 K agree with those from experimental measurements for various properties, including system and molecular tilt angles, film thickness, and gauche defects. The optimal packing structure found in this work is a basis for further molecular simulation study of alkyl monolayers on silicon for various engineering applications, such...
Olivines and olivine coronas in mesosiderites

The paper presents a study of olivines and their surrounding coronas in mesosiderites texturally and compositionally using optical and microprobe methods. Olivine composition ranges from Fo(58-92) and shows no consistent pattern of distribution within and between mesosiderites; olivine occurs as large single crystals or as partially recrystallized mineral clasts, except for two lithic clasts. These are Emery and Vaca Muerta, and both are shock-modified olivine orthopyroxenites. Fine-grained coronas surround olivine, except for those in impact-melt group mesosiderites and those without tridymite in their matrices. Coronas consist largely of orthopyroxene, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, chromite, merillite, and ilmenite, and are similar to the matrix, but lack metal and tridymite. Texturally the innermost parts of the corona can be divided into three stages of development: (1) radiating acicular, (2) intermediate, and (3) granular.
Time-Resolved Study of Acetyl Radical in Zeolite NaY by Step-Scan FT-IR Spectroscopy

Step-scan FT-infrared spectroscopy of 1-naphthyl acetate and pinacolone photodissociation in zeolite NaY revealed a transient at 2125 cm-1 assigned to acetyl radical. Comparison of the intensities of transient and final product absorptions, 2-acetyl-1-naphthol in the case of naphthyl acetate and acetaldehyde for pinacolone, indicates that the acetyl radical represents the main, and probably only, reaction channel. The decay of the radical at room temperature is best described by a single-exponential law with a lifetime of 71 ± 15 μs (1-naphthyl acetate) and 315 ± 30 μs (pinacolone). This constitutes the first detection and kinetic study of a small transient radical in a zeolite. The kinetic result is interpreted in terms of complete separation of the photogenerated pairs from the parent supercage, followed by random walks in subspaces of the zeolite lattice imposed by the much less mobile precursor molecules. These force the geminate radicals to react and thereby contribute to the high selectivity of thes...
Incompressible navier-stokes solutions with a new primitive variable solver

Abstract A new primitive variable RNS/NS formulation for incompressible viscous flow is presented. This formulation, which has been applied for both two- and three-dimensional flows, is a semi-implicit, time-marching method using standard primitive variables. For this scheme the discrete continuity equation is satisfied directly at each time step, without artificial compressibility or pressure Poisson concepts . All the linear terms (continuity, pressure gradients, diffusion) are treated implicitly and all the non-linear convection terms are treated explicitly. Since all acoustic behavior is implicit, a convection-only CFL stability condition results even for incompressible flow . This is true without a P t term added to the continuity equation. The formulation is robust and provides accurate solutions that compare well with experimental data.
Aberrant regulation of the MRP3 gene in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Introduction Multidrug-resistant protein-3 (MRP3), a membrane-bound transporter, facilitates efflux of toxic compounds, including certain chemotherapies, out of cells. Aberrant MRP3 expression has been linked to drug resistance in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We sought to determine if tumor MRP3 expression patterns correlate with the mutational status of upstream regulators, including nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its functional repressor Keap1 in NSCLC cell lines and patient samples. Methods To identify putative Nrf2-binding sites in the MRP3 promoter and to evaluate Keap1 , Nrf2 , and p53 mutation status in four cell lines and 33 NSCLC surgically resected tumor specimens with regard to their impact on MRP3 levels. Results Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the MRP3 promoter revealed an almost threefold increase in Nrf2 binding to the third putative Nrf2-binding sequence distal to the start site, demonstrating direct regulation of MRP3 by Nrf2. In NSCLC cell lines, elevated Nrf2 protein was observed in cell lines with increased MRP3 RNA expression. In patient tumor specimens, the presence of mutations in Keap1 / Nrf2 correlated with MRP3 RNA levels ( p Keap1 mutant-positive tumors possessed a p53 mutation ( n = 5; p = 0.0019). Conclusions We demonstrate direct involvement between the transcription factor Nrf2 and the MRP3 promoter, which leads to the up-regulation of the MRP3 gene. In addition, we found a statistically significant correlation between the presence of Keap1 / Nrf2 mutations and increased MRP3 messenger RNA levels in our NSCLC patient samples.
Nuclear structure and (e,e') reactions: The significance of high-momentum-transfer data and meson-exchange currents

We show that accurate high-momentum-transfer electron-scattering data now being obtained can provide essential constraints on analyses of nuclear structure. However, the usefulness of these data is seriously impaired if meson-exchange current effects are ignored.
Liver transplantation in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Abstract In this study we described survival and incidence of perioperative and postoperative complications in liver transplant recipients with known atrial fibrillation. A total number of 717 patients underwent liver transplantation between January 2005 and December 2008 at our institution. In this population, preoperative paroxysmal or chronic-persistent atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 32 patients (4.5%). Of these, 12 patients died during follow-up and 4 patients required liver retransplantation. Perioperative cardiac complications occurred in 10 patients (31%) resulting in 3 cardiac-related deaths. Median patient survival was 1613 days (range, 22–2492) and median graft survival was 1524 days (range, 10–2492). Twenty patients are still alive with a median survival of 1861 days (range, 1189–2492) after liver transplantation.
The perception of stress and lateralization of prosody

Three separate dichotic listening tasks were run to determine ear superiority for stress identification. When subjects were asked to identify stress placement in real word minimal stress pairs (hotdog vs. hot dog), they demonstrated a right ear superiority. When these tokens were filtered so that phonetic and semantic information was eliminated and only the stress pattern remained, a different group of subjects showed a left ear advantage. Finally, with nonsense word counterparts to word stress pairs (botgog vs. bot gog) preserving phonetic information but lacking semantic content, no ear asymmetry was found. These results suggest that as the linguistic significance of the stimuli is reduced, thereby lessening the linguistic function of stress, there is a less dominant involvement of the left hemisphere in stress processing. Results are discussed in relation to a theory of a functional integration of prosodic and segmental speech components that is paralleled by a working partnership of left and right hemisphere.
Stress modification and reduced waveguide losses in ZnS thin films.

On considere la formation de couches de sulfure de zinc par depot sur des substrats rafraichis a l'azote liquide. Le film de ZnS presente des contraintes de traction qui peuvent etre commandees par densification ionique
Information coding and retrieving using fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals for object identification

The spectral features, i.e., wavelength and intensity, of fluorescence generated from semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) can be used for coding information. Unlike the 1-D and 2-D barcodes, the information carrier is applied to a very small area and hardly visible. The information retrieving by a fluorospectrometer is not subjected to the changes of rotation and scale. A de-convolution-based algorithm is used to separate the overlapped spectral profiles. This technology can be applied to small products labeling, document security and object identification.
Reexamination of the morphological evidence for the cohort Epitheria (Mammalia, Eutheria)

Novacek and co-workers recognized a monophyletic clade Epitheria, comprising all eutherians except edentates and the extinct palaeoryctoids, on the basis of two synapomorphies: a stirrupshaped stapes and a foramen ovale enclosed within the alisphenoid. To evaluate this phylogenetic hypothesis, we reexamined the distributions of stapedial morphologies and positions of the foramen ovale across Recent and extinct mammals and nonmammalian cynodonts. The states and distributions of the stapes and forament ovale characters used by Novacek and coworkers were modified by recognizing two stapedial characters (one relating to shape of the crura, the other to the nature of the foramen) and a single, multistate foramen ovale character (within, behind, and lateral to the alisphenoid). The taxon-character matrix used by Novacek (1989, 1992b), substituting our amended stapedial and foramen ovale characters and adding several previously unscored extinct taxa and three new characters, was subjected to a series of PAUP manipulations. Identified among the most parsimonious trees were three major topologies for the base of Eutheria: (1) a polytomy including an Edentata/Ungulata clade, (2) a polytomy with Edentata and Ungulata as separate clades, and (3) Edentata and (when included) Palaeoryctoidea as the successive outgroups to a monophyletic Epitheria. We conclude that topology 2 best reflects the current state of knowledge. An edentate/ungulate clade is supported by three characters (from the mastoid region and subarcuate fossa); however, other morphological studies require modification of the distributions of these characters in xenarthrans and bassal ungulates, thereby eliminating support for this clade. In nearly all manipulations, obtaining a monophyletic Epitheria required that one or two steps be added to the most parsimonious trees. When a monophyletic Epitheria was obtained, it was supported by a triangular stapes and, in some trees, the reappearance of a stapedial artery (lost earlier at the level of Recent therians) and a transpromontorial internal carotid artery. In the most parsimonious trees, a foramen ovale within the alisphenoid was an equivocal synapomorphy of Recent therians or cutherians, and a stapes with strongly convex crura (our state closest to the stirrup-shaped state of Novacek and co-workers) appeared independently within various eutherian lineages. The reduction or loss of the stapedial foramen was identified as an independent event in monotremes and within marsupials and various eutherian lineages.
Ventral subiculum regulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical and behavioural responses to cognitive stressors

Abstract The hippocampus plays an important role in central stress integration. The present study tests the hypothesis that the ventral subiculum, as a principal source of hippocampal efferents, is involved in co-ordination of hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical and behavioural responses to cognitively-processed information. Basal hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical activation appears to be normal in ventral subiculum lesion rats, as basal corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, anterior pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin and type 1 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger RNA expression, adrenal and thymus weight, and splenic mitogen activity are not affected by lesion. Lesions of the ventral subiculum induce glucocorticoid hypersecretion following restraint stress or open field exposure, whereas responses to ether inhalation are unaffected. Interestingly, ventral subiculum lesion does not affect fast glucocorticoid negative feedback inhibition of restraint-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone release. Corticotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity is increased in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of ventral subiculum rats, and is differentially depleted by acute stress exposure (relative to sham-lesion rats). However, ventral subiculum lesion does not affect basal and stress-induced corticotropin-releasing hormone, arginine vasopressin and cFOS messenger RNA expression in paraventricular nucleus neurons. Behavioural analysis reveals that ventral subiculum lesion rats are hyper-responsive to open field exposure, showing decreased total ambulation and reduced incidence of central square entry. The results suggest that the ventral subiculum plays a specific role in integrating cognitively-processed stimuli (e.g., restraint and open field exposure) into appropriate neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to stress. Enhanced stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion and increased corticotropin-releasing hormone biosynthesis are likely due to removal of oligosynaptic inhibitory input to the paraventricular nucleus subsequent to ventral subiculum lesion.
DMMX: dynamic memory management extensions

Dynamic memory management allows programmers to be more productive and increases system reliability and functionality. However, software algorithms for memory management are slow and non-deterministic. It is well known that object-oriented applications tend to be dynamic memory intensive. This has led programmers to eschew dynamic memory allocation for many real-time and embedded systems. Instead, programmers using Java or C++ as a development language frequently decide to allocate memory statically instead of dynamically. In this paper, we present the design of a bitmap-based memory allocator implemented primarily in combinational logic to allocate memory in a small, predictable amount of time. It works in conjunction with an application-specific instruction-set extension called the dynamic memory management extension (DMMX). Allocation is done through a complete binary tree of combinational logic, which allows constant-time object creation. The garbage collection algorithm is mark sweep, where the sweeping phase can be accomplished in constant time. This hardware scheme can greatly improve the speed and predictability of dynamic memory management. The proposed DMMX is an add-on approach, which allows easy integration into any CPU, hardware-implemented Java virtual machine, or processor in memory.
Concurrency in a decentralized automatic regression test selection framework for web services

Business processes can be realized by utilizing many different Web services directly or indirectly in workflows which may be internal or external to the enterprise. Since service-oriented architecture allows service providers to modify the underlying implementation of a service at any time, a new set of challenges arise in software testing, especially regression testing. In this work, a framework which automates a key tenet of regression testing, safe regression test selection, for Web services in a decentralized, end-to-end manner using service monitoring will be presented. Any such system must be capable of handling multiple concurrent modifications and the main contribution of this work is defining and resolving those challenges related to concurrency in a framework for automating a decentralized, end-to-end, safe regression testing technique being applied to Web services. The challenges which will be discussed include coverage conflict, fault locatability, test inconsistency, and communication errors. A solution in the form of software agents following a predetermined distributed algorithm will also be presented.
Rapid scanning diode array as a multi-wavelength detector in liquid chromatography

Abstract A new diode array detector for liquid chromatography is described. The low-volume flow cell of the detector and the real time signal averaging of the spectra allow operation at 0.005 a.u.f.s. with noise levels of 0.0005 a.u. peak to peak. Since the detection is done over a large range of wavelengths, the detector allows identification of various solutes and peak deconvolution. The paper demonstrates how first derivative spectra can be gainfully utilized in a unique way to maximize the information obtained from the detector.
Chemistry of the phenoxathiins and isosterically related heterocycles. XX. Assignment of the 13C-NMR spectra of phenarsazine-10-chloride and several substituted analogs. The effect of substitution on the anisotropic reorientation of the phenarsazine system†

The total assignment of the 13C-nmr spectra of phenarsazine-10-chloride and several substituted analogs is reported. Spin-lattice (T1) relaxation measurements have shown these systems to reorient anisotropically. In the case of the parent system and the 3-chloro substituted system, the axis of anisotropic reorientation has been shown to pass approximately through the center of the molecule. In the case of benzo[c]phenarsazine-7-chloride, the axis of anisotropic reorientation, which has been accurately defined, is shifted 23° from that in the previous cases, the shift occurring in the direction of the benzo-moiety.
The role of Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway in the development of chronic rejection.

FAS (CD95), a member of the tumor necrosis factor-receptor family is universallv expressed on various tissues of the body.1 On the contrary. its ligand (Fas L) has a more restricted pattern of expression being found predominantly on activated T cells and on discrete cells in the eye and in the testis.2 It has been recently shown that the interaction between Fas and FasL plays an important role in inducing apoptotic cell death.3 Furthermore. interactions of these molecules have also been shown to mediate tissue destruction witnessed during acute cellular rejection (ACR) of organ allografts.4 This latter finding has prompted many to evolve novel therapeutic strategies aimed at interrupting Fas/FasL binding to mitigate or abrogate AC R. However. the role of Fas system in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection (CR) is as yet undetermined. To address this issue, FasL-deficient mice were used as donor and/or recipients of aortic allografts: reported herein is the out-come of this study.
Mapping a research agenda for the science of team science

An increase in cross-disciplinary, collaborative team science initiatives over the last few decades has spurred interest by multiple stakeholder groups in empirical research on scientific teams, giving rise to an emergent field referred to as the science of team science (SciTS). This study employed a collaborative team science concept-mapping evaluation methodology to develop a comprehensive research agenda for the SciTS field. Its integrative mixed-methods approach combined group process with statistical analysis to derive a conceptual framework that identifies research areas of team science and their relative importance to the emerging SciTS field. The findings from this concept-mapping project constitute a lever for moving SciTS forward at theoretical, empirical, and translational levels.
Speech intelligibility measured with shortened versions of Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT).

Abstract The Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT) is a new speech intelligibility test developed by the Human Research and Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL-HRED). CAT uses the phonetic alphabet and digit stimuli combined together to form 126 test items. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of data collected with shorter versions of CAT. Design A total of 5 shorter versions of the original list (CAT-120, CAT-60, CAT-40, CAT-30, and CAT-24) were formed and evaluated using 19 participants. Each of the subsets of CAT was presented in pink noise at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of −6 dB and −9 dB. Results Results showed that shortened CAT lists have the capability of providing the same predictive power as the full CAT with good test–retest reliability. Conclusions Under the experimental conditions of this study, any of the shorter versions of the CAT can be utilized in place of the full version to reduce testing times with no effect on predictive power.
Energy levels of 237U

Abstract The alpha decay of 241 Pu has been investigated using high-resolution semiconductor detectors in conjunction with coincidence techniques. The observed α-particle and γ-ray transistion energies and intensities were found to be consistent with the previously known energy levels of 237 U. The half-life of the 5 2 + (622↑) state (at 160.0 keV) in 237 U has been measured by an α - γ delayed coincidence technique and found to be 3.1 ± 0.1 nsec. The half-life of the 274-keV level, which de-excites by emission of a 114 ± 1 keV γ-ray has also been measured by an α-γ delayed coincidence method and has a value of 155 ± 6 nsec. Three alpha groups populating the 274 keV state and its rotational members were identified in an α-spectrum measured in coincidence with γ-rays emitted 50 to 200 nsec after the emission of α-particles. By analogy with the energy levels of 239 Pu, the 274 keV level has been given a Nilsson-state assignment of 7 2 − (743↑) .
The antecedents and consequences of organizational and personal commitment in business service relationships

Abstract This paper explores the potential for business service customers to form separate bonds of commitment with the service firm and the service representative. It examines the role of the individual and identifies six potential antecedents to each type of commitment. It also proposes that both types of commitment will influence the degree of relational exchange between the customer and the service firm. The hypotheses are tested using multiple regression and data from a survey of marketing research managers. The results support the majority of the hypotheses.
The nonfunctioning gastro-enteric stoma diagnostic study of sixty-two surgically demonstrated cases

Roentgenoscopic demonstration of a nonfunctioning gastro-enteric stoma is an infrequent late post-operative phenomenon. The preponderance of the condition among males, of duodenal ulcer as the original lesion, of primary post-operative gastro-enteric hemorrhage, and frequent shift of pain and tenderness to the left abdominal quadrant are clinical features which strongly imply that the causative factor is an ulcerative or inflammatory process involving the anastomosis. Such symptoms and signs typified the clinical picture presented by three-fourths of the sixty-two patients comprising this series. Surgical observations were: (1) marginal or jejunal ulcer and gastrojejunitis in forty-eight patients, or 77 per cent; (2) mechanical conditions, such as volvulus and extensive adhesions (chiefly involving the loops) in eight patients, or 13 per cent; and (3) no surgically demonstrable abnormality of the stoma in six patients, or 10 per cent, the condition being classified as “dysfunction.” The clinical characteristics of these three types of complications and the diagnostic significance of them are discussed. In 90 per cent of the patients who had roentgen-ologic evidence of nonfunction the presence of a demonstrable pathologic process was surgically confirmed. Although a nonfunctioning gastro-enteric stoma is associated with the implication of complete gastric obstruction, such obstruction actually is infrequent. Forty-eight out of sixty patients (80 per cent) in this series had gastric retention, but it was of considerable degree among only a third of them. There was no demonstrable impairment of gastric motor function among 20 per cent of the patients. Nonfunction may have occurred when the stoma is found to be patulous on gastroscopic examination or at operation. Explanations for disparity between roentgenologic data and clinical facts, in respect to motor function are advanced.
Reaffirming African-Centered Scientists’ Place in the Paradigm Shift Stolen Legacy II

Using research findings from spiritual healing to remote viewing and the limitations of the Newtonian model that characterize science, new age scientists are working to shift the current paradigm. However, a closer inspection reveals that they are working toward a shift that is not only reminiscent of what Africa has already given to the world but also of what contemporary African-centered scientists have been working toward recreating/creating. New age scientists acknowledge neither ancient Africa nor current-day African-centered scientists. This omission has left the story incomplete and for erroneous conclusions to be drawn. As in the past and documented by James in his book Stolen Legacy, a theft of science is once again occurring. African-centered scientists must move to familiarize themselves with such efforts so that they might take their rightful place in the paradigm shift and help steer it in the proper direction.
Compaction studies on pellets I. Uncoated pellets

Abstract Compaction characteristics of Surelease coated pellets were studied using several techniques including porosity change, Heckel equation, total work of compaction and elastic recovery indices. The reduction in yield strength and an increase in tensile strength of the compacts caused by the addition of a Surelease coating to the pellets is ascribed to the interlocking forces between the substrate and the coating and to the development of additional bonds formed by plastic deformation of the coating during compaction. However, increasing amounts of the coating on the pellets reduced their yield strengths and resulted in compacts with lower tensile strength and higher elastic recovery values. The effect of the rate of load application on the compaction characteristics of Surelease coated pellets was also studied. As the punch velocity increased there was a reduction in the tensile strength values of the compacts and an increase in both yield pressure and elastic recovery values. The change in the magnitude of these values with the rate of load application was greater for the compacts made from pellets coated with increasing amounts of Surelease. A nonlinear optimization technique was also employed to further investigate the effect of rate of load application on the coated pellets. Pellets coated with increasing amounts of coating exhibited relatively more punch velocity dependence. Dissolution studies revealed that coated pellets lost their sustained release characteristics on compaction due to formation of cracks within the coating and to the fragmentary/elastic nature of the pellets.
Patterns of Racial Identity Development of African American Adolescent Males and Females

This study examines the patterns of racial identity expression for 174 African American adolescent females and 111 African American adolescent males between the ages of 14 and 18. Participants were given the Black Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS-B) as an assessment of attitudes that characterize self-concept issues concerning race. It was predicted that African American adolescents would predominantly endorse internalization attitudes, and endorse pre-encounter attitudes the least. It was further predicted that there would be a difference in pattern expression for males and females. Results revealed that African American adolescents widely endorsed internalization attitudes that represent a healthy, self-defined racial transcendence. African American adoles-centfemales endorsed significantly less pre-encounter attitudes (prediscovery of racial identity) than their male counterparts. Racial identity development as part of the global search for identity of adolescence and the present limitations in mea...
A placebo stimulus for the assessment and treatment of pica for tobacco

A detailed procedure for making placebo cigarette butts or “bogus butts” which can be used in the observation and treatment of pica for cigarettes is described. These placebo cigarette butts have been used successfully with several individuals in a residential treatment setting. The use of these bogus butts allows the clinician/researcher to use a stimulus object which can be safely ingested, thus permitting a functional analysis of the target behavior as well as assessment of potential treatment approaches without the possible interference and confound of a prevention procedure such as physically removing the pica material before it is consumed, limiting the length of baseline, or intervening during the baseline.
Thin film Ba/sub 0.6/K/sub 0.4/BiO/sub 3/ microwave devices

Microwave structures utilizing superconducting thin films of Ba/sub 0.6/K/sub 0.4/BiO/sub 3/ (BKBO) have been fabricated and tested. A high-quality BKBO thin film (T/sub c/>28 K, J/sub c/>1 MA/cm/sup 2/) grown by pulsed laser deposition on a
Procedures for Increasing Appropriate Verbal Participation in Special Elementary Classrooms

This study examined the effects of training in the use of a discussion leader "skill package" as a means of increasing the amount of appropriate verbal participation (AVP) by pupils. A multiple baseline design was used with three special elementary classrooms serving as multiple subjects. Five successive conditions were implemented: baseline, introductions, training in limit setting (basic skill training), training in back-up procedures plus shaping (basic skill training follow-up), and discussion leader training. Discussion leader training focused on skills for shaping student verbalizations that were relatively lengthy and of high quality, while maintaining classroom order. Results indicated that: (1) instructing teachers to maximize AVP resulted in no consistent changes in the dependent variables, (2) basic CMTP skill training reduced disruptions by over 80% in all three classrooms while increasing AVP, and (3) additional increases in AVP resulted from the specialized discussion leader training. Increa...