cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Taking stock of agroforestry adoption studies

In light of the large number of empirical studies of agroforestry adoption published during the last decade, we believe it is time to take stock and identify general determinants of agroforestry adoption. In reviewing 120 articles on adoption of agricultural and forestry technology by small holders, we find five categories of factors that explain technology adoption within an economic framework: preferences, resource endowments, market incentives, biophysical factors, and risk and uncertainty. By selecting only empirical analyses that focus on agroforestry and related investments, we narrow our list down to 32 studies primarily from tropical areas. We apply vote-counting based meta-analysis to these studies and evaluate the inclusion and significance of the five adoption factors. Our analysis shows that preferences and resource endowments are the factors most often included in studies. However, adoption behavior is most likely to be significantly influenced by risk, biophysical, and resource factors. In our conclusion, we discuss specific recommendations for the next generation of adoption studies and meta-analyses that include considering a fuller menu of variables, reporting key statistics and marginal probabilities, and conducting weighted meta-regressions.
Bioengineering, translational research, and technology commercialization

Summary form only given. Bioengineering is the fastest growing engineering discipline in the world. The University of Washington's Department of Bioengineering was set up in 1967, equally grounded in both the School of Medicine and College of Engineering. It has now 30 core faculty, 38 adjunct faculty, 139 graduate students, 117 undergraduate students and 129 staff members, including 54 postdoctoral research fellows. Currently, there are five major areas of research and training within the Department: (1) Distributed Diagnosis and Home Healthcare (D2H2); (2) Engineered Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; (3) Molecular Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; (4) Medical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy; and (5) Computational and Integrative Bioengineering. Unique integration of biology, engineering, nanotechnology, information technology and medicine has been underway inside our department for a long time, continuously creating new frontiers and opportunities in research, education and technology transfer. An unusual aspect of our research is our tie with industry. We have been prolific in our inventions (470), patents (240), licenses (80), and entrepreneurship. The faculty, students and staff of the Department have fostered the development of 30 start-up companies and thousands of new jobs as a spin-off of our research endeavors. Also, we have developed in the Department of Bioengineering a unique entrepreneurship/intrapreneurship educational and training program called Program on Technology Commercialization (PTC). In this presentation, I will provide an overview on the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Washington, Distributed Diagnosis and Home Healthcare (D2H2) and Medical Imaging, several entrepreneurship and technology commercialization examples, future directions in the 21s century, and how engineers can work together towards improving global health.
Ferenc Deák during the Vormärz Era

The 1840's were a decade of dynamism for Hungarian liberals. Two important developments had produced a measure of unity in the liberal camp. As the Habsburgs increased their colonial treatment of Hungary, the Hungarians attempted to counter that policy with an economic program and, simultaneously, drafted a political platform. This collision between Habsburg reactionary policy and Hungarian liberalism made it imperative that the liberals unify, clarify their ideology, and shape a political strategy. More than anything else, the liberals needed a resolute leader who could consolidate the various reform factions into a united body. Ferenc Deak was considered the figure of greatest stature among all the liberals and the natural head of the nascent liberal party. Yet he was at his most undecided stage during this prerevolutionary period of ferment.
Outcomes of operative sperm retrieval strategies for fertility preservation among males scheduled to undergo cancer treatment

Objective To describe the outcomes of electroejaculation (EEJ) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) performed for fertility preservation among male patients who are unable to ejaculate or have nonobstructive azoospermia/severe oligospermia before definitive cancer therapy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary cancer referral center. Patient(s) Forty-nine patients seeking fertility preservation before definitive cancer therapy, with anejaculation, religious or cultural objections to masturbation, azoospermia, or severe oligospermia requiring either EEJ or TESE. Intervention(s) EEJ and TESE. Main Outcome Measure(s) Sperm retrieval rates. Result(s) Fifty-nine percent of patients overall and 60% of adolescents/young adults had sperm retrieved for cryopreservation. EEJ was successful in retrieving sperm in 60% of adolescents. Of all adolescents and young adults undergoing TESE, 33% had sperm retrieved for cryopreservation. No complications were reported. Chemotherapy was commenced without delay in all patients requiring it, frequently on the same day as the sperm retrieval. Conclusion(s) EEJ and TESE can be safely and successfully used for fertility preservation before cancer therapy among boys and young adult men who are unable to provide a semen specimen or have nonobstructive azoospermia, and they should be considered in all men meeting this patient profile.
Central retinal vein obstruction and carotid artery disease

Abstract Thirty-seven consecutive patients (39 eyes) with a central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO) were studied in a cross-sectional fashion with intravenous fluorescein angiography and digitial subtraction carotid angiography. Among the 35 patients (37 eyes) with acceptable studies, 24 eyes, (64%) had an ischemic CRVO, 12 (33%) demonstrated a nonischemic CRVO, and one (3%) was indeterminate. A 17% incidence of ipsilateral atherosclerotic carotid artery obstruction greater than or equal to 50% was associated with both the ischemic (4/24 eyes) and nonischemic (2/12 eyes) groups. Overall, 13 of 35 (37%) patients with CRVO had demonstrable common or internal carotid artery atherosclerosis, an incidence no higher than found in a historical control sample studied postmortem. However, this incidence rose to 50% in patients with an ischemic CRVO and decreased to 17% in those with the nonischemic variety.
Language and Culture

Language and Culture. David L. Shaul and N. Louanna Furbee. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1998. 305 pp.
Epilepsy and violence: medical and legal issues

A possible relationship between epilepsy and violence has been debated for over a century. The debate has taken on new importance because of the increasing use of the "epilepsy defense" in criminal cases. In this review the following issues are addressed: (1) Is epilepsy more common among violent criminals and patients? (2) Is violence more common among epileptics? (3) Can directed violence or aggression occur as part of an epileptic seizure? (4) What medical and legal criteria should be used to determine whether a specific violent crime was the result of an epileptic seizure? Answers to these questions may be summarized as follows. (1) There is a two- to fourfold greater prevalence of epilepsy in prisoners than in control populations, but the prevalence is similar to the prevalence in other lower socioeconomic populations from which most prisoners come. There is no greater prevalence of epilepsy in persons convicted of violent crimes than in other prisoners matched as controls. (2) There is no evidence that violence is more common among epileptics than among non-epileptics, and no evidence that violence is more common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy than in those with other types of epilepsy. (3) Ictal violence is rare, and when it does occur usually takes the form of "resistive violence" as the result of physical restraint at the end of a seizure, while the patient is still confused. Violence early in a seizure is extremely rare, stereotyped, and never supported by consecutive series of purposeful movements. (4) Five criteria should be used to determine if a specific violent act was the result of an epileptic seizure: a. the diagnosis of epilepsy should be established by a neurologist with special competence in epilepsy; b. the presence of epileptic automatisms should be documented by the case history and closed-circuit TV-EEG; c. aggression during epileptic automatisms should be documented on closed-circuit TV-EEG; d. the aggressive act should be characteristic of the patient's habitual seizures; and e. a clinical judgment should be made by the neurologist as to the possibility that the violent act was part of a seizure.
EVALUACIÓN SENSORIAL DE PREPARACIONES ELABORADAS CON NUEVOS ALIMENTOS FUNCIONALES DESTINADOS AL ADULTO MAYOR

Resumen es: Los alimentos funcionales (AF) ejercen efectos beneficiosos para la salud, relacionados con la disminucion del riesgo de enfermedades cronicas no transmi...
Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Otitis Media: What Consumers Find Using Web Searches

The use of the Internet for health information is growing, but there is little control over the timeliness of updates or the accuracy of the information. Recent changes in recommendations for the treatment of acute otitis media were made in an effort to decrease the unnecessary use of antibiotics. We conducted a systematic review of Web sites to determine if consumers are likely to find appropriate information. Only 31% of relevant Web sites found explain the new "watch and wait" recommendation, and 41% include a recommendation to finish the full course of prescribed antibiotics. Web sites that include an update date, are reviewed by a physician, provide references, and have a nonprofit-type domain are more likely to contain updated information. Physicians should be aware that their patients might visit the office with expectations based on outdated information found on the Web. Organizations making recommendations should consider how to disseminate new information through the Web.
Towards Community: KoreAm Journal and Korean American Cultural Attitudes on Same-Sex Marriage

This easy clear cut characterization presents a polarized Korean American community and leaves us with questions still unanswered of the "community's politics" on same-sex marriage. Korean American same-sex sexuality has yet to be understood in our churches, schools, and most importantly, our communities. This unspoken dialogue parallels literature on Korean American homosexuality - a diminutive collection of fiction, memoir, and even fewer scholarly texts, mainly reiterating irreconcilable homophobia in the community.
Neonatal resuscitation adhering to oxygen saturation guidelines in asphyxiated lambs with meconium aspiration.

Neonatal resuscitation adhering to oxygen saturation guidelines in asphyxiated lambs with meconium aspiration
Higher levels of serum lycopene are associated with reduced mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of mortality. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation may play an important role in the high mortality of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have suggested that lycopene intake might be related to the reduced oxidative stress and decreased inflammation. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined the hypothesis that lycopene is associated with mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome. A total of 2499 participants 20 years and older with metabolic syndrome were divided into 3 groups based on their serum concentration of lycopene using the tertile rank method. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from years 2001 to 2006 was linked to the mortality file for mortality follow-up data through December 31, 2011, to determine the mortality rate and hazard ratios (HR) for the 3 serum lycopene concentration groups. The mean survival time was significantly higher in the group with the highest serum lycopene concentration (120.6 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 118.8-122.3) and the medium group (116.3 months; 95% CI, 115.2-117.4), compared with the group with lowest serum lycopene concentration (107.4 months; 95% CI, 106.5-108.3). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, participants in the highest (HR, 0.61; P = .0113) and in the second highest (HR, 0.67; P = .0497) serum lycopene concentration groups showed significantly lower HRs of mortality when compared with participants in the lower serum lycopene concentration. The data suggest that higher serum lycopene concentration has a significant association with the reduced risk of mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Bioinspired fluorescent dipeptide nanoparticles for targeted cancer cell imaging and real-time monitoring of drug release

Peptide nanostructures are biodegradable and are suitable for many biomedical applications. However, to be useful imaging probes, the limited intrinsic optical properties of peptides must be overcome. Here we show the formation of tryptophan-phenylalanine dipeptide nanoparticles (DNPs) that can shift the peptide's intrinsic fluorescent signal from the ultraviolet to the visible range. The visible emission signal allows the DNPs to act as imaging and sensing probes. The peptide design is inspired by the red shift seen in the yellow fluorescent protein that results from π-π stacking and by the enhanced fluorescence intensity seen in the green fluorescent protein mutant, BFPms1, which results from the structure rigidification by Zn(II). We show that DNPs are photostable, biocompatible and have a narrow emission bandwidth and visible fluorescence properties. DNPs functionalized with the MUC1 aptamer and doxorubicin can target cancer cells and can be used to image and monitor drug release in real time.
Surface Roughness Modeling of Substrate Integrated Waveguide in D-Band

In this paper, surface roughness models for a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are proposed. Frequency-dependent conductivity is introduced to model the conductor loss due to surface roughness. To be specific, two models, namely, the modified Huray model and the rigorous waveguide model, are developed. Both models take into account the mode-dependent loss. Formulations for enhancement factor are derived for both models to calculate the frequency-dependent conductivity. Key parameters of the analytical models are extracted from the surface profile measurement. A D-band (110–170 GHz) SIW structure is fabricated using a liquid crystal polymer substrate. The simulated results are correlated with measured data of the fabricated SIW, which shows the accuracy of the proposed methods.
Induction of posterior capsule opacification by hyaluronic acid in an ex vivo model.

PURPOSE Because hyaluronic acid (HA) is found in many surgical viscoelastic agents, this study aimed to determine (1) if HA receptors are present in the canine lens, (2) if the rate of lens epithelial cell (LEC) migration is altered following treatment with HA, and (3) if introduction of exogenous HA into the lens capsule promotes lenticular migration, thus contributing to posterior capsule opacification (PCO). METHODS Normal and cataractous canine LECs were evaluated for expression of the HA receptor CD44 and the receptor for HA mediated motility (RHAMM) using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real-time PCR. Canine LEC were treated with various concentrations of HA, and induction of migration was monitored over time. Commercially available surgical viscoelastics were utilized ex vivo, and rates of PCO formation were analyzed. RESULTS Basal protein and mRNA expression of both CD44 and RHAMM was noted. Cataractous canine LEC demonstrated significantly (P < 0.01) higher expression of CD44 but not RHAMM. Treatment with higher concentrations of HA resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) increase in CD44 mRNA and increased LEC migration in vitro. Use of CD44-neutralizing antibodies confirmed the role of CD44 in HA-induced lenticular migration. Viscoelastic material containing higher concentrations of HA led to increased rates of ex vivo PCO. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous HA can induce lenticular migration and CD44 expression. Use of surgical viscoelastics that contained HA resulted in increased rates of ex vivo PCO suggesting that judicious selection and use of viscoelastic material during cataract surgery is warranted.
Cholesterol Esters in Myelin and the Component Fatty Acids.

SummaryCholesterol esters were isolated from purified bovine myelin by thin layer and column chromatography. Liebermann-Bur-chard reaction and infrared spectroscopy were used to identify the isolated fraction.Component fatty acids of the cholesterol esters were quantitated by gas-liquid chroma-tography.
Current and Former Smokers' Use of Electronic Cigarettes for Quitting Smoking: An Exploratory Study of Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background This exploratory study examines the prevalence and predictors of current and former smokers' use of electronic (e-) cigarettes for smoking cessation among a sample of adolescent and young adult established smokers. Methods We conducted school-wide surveys in two middle (n = 1166) and four high schools (n = 3614) in fall 2013 and one public college (n = 625) in spring 2014. We analyzed data from 189 established smokers (reported smoking 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) who also reported ever-use of e-cigarettes (50.7% female, 89.4% White race, Mage 18.3 [SD = 2.8]). We further classified participants as current smokers (reported past-month cigarette smoking) and former smokers (no past-month smoking). Adjusted logistic regression assessed associations of using e-cigarettes to quit smoking with demographic, cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns, e-cigarette flavor preference, and risk perception variables. Results Overall, 41.8% of the sample reported that they "have used an e-cigarette to quit smoking." In adjusted models, older age, White race, higher e-cigarette frequency, and preference for using a combination of e-cigarette flavors predicted increased odds of having used e-cigarettes to quit smoking (p < .05). Using e-cigarettes to quit smoking was not associated with current or former cigarette smoking status or perceptions that "e-cigarettes help people quit smoking" or "e-cigarettes are safer than quit smoking medications." Conclusions Adolescents and young adults who report more frequent e-cigarette use and preference for using flavor combinations are more likely to use e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Future studies are needed to determine whether e-cigarette use leads to tobacco abstinence in youth smokers. Implications Among young established smokers, more frequent e-cigarette use and preference for using flavors mixed together, but not perceptions of harmfulness of e-cigarettes or comparative safety of e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes or other smoking cessation medications or helpfulness of e-cigarettes in quitting smoking, are associated with using e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
Bacom, Chipem, & Howe: A Case in Performance Incentive Systems

Employment issues associated with incentive plans are and have been a concern for American business. Agency Theory (Jensen & Meckling, 1976) has dominated incentive thinking for forty years. However, Agency Theory is not generally concerned with the variables that intervene betweeen agent behavior and the incentive. This case offers a variety of satisfaction metrics as potential incentive drivers for telephone counselors in a law firm that handles workers' compensation cases. The case provides a real world situation for students to think through the difficulties one encounters in trying to set up an effective incentive system.
Clinical Response of a Patient to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy and the Immune Landscape of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.

Anti–Programed Death 1 (PD-1) is standard immunotherapy for multiple cancers, and the expression of one of its ligands, PD-L1, has been described in germ cell tumors (GCT). Neither the clinical activity of anti–PD-1 nor the incidence of an immunoresponsive tumor microenvironment has been described for GCTs. A patient initially diagnosed with melanoma via fine needle aspiration was treated with one dose of antibody to PD-1. A core needle biopsy was subsequently performed to acquire sufficient tissue for molecular analysis, which led to a change in diagnosis to metastatic embryonal carcinoma. The testicular GCT cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas was analyzed using a T-cell gene signature associated with benefit from immunotherapy. Primary tumors (N = 134) were categorized as high (T-cell–inflamed), medium, or low (non–T-cell-inflamed) by their T-cell signature derived from RNAseq data. Anti–PD-1 induced decreases in serum markers and a 33% reduction in tumor volume. Gene expression revealed a T-cell–inflamed tumor microenvironment in 47% of testicular GCTs, including seminoma (83%) and nonseminoma (17%) tumor subtypes. Expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) RNA correlated with lack of the T-cell signature, with increasing AFP RNA inversely correlating with the inflamed signature and expression of IFNγ-associated genes. These data suggest that GCTs can respond to anti–PD-1 and that gene expression profiling supports investigation of immunotherapy for treatment of GCTs. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(11); 903–9. ©2016 AACR.
Inadvertent Intrathecal Administration of Vincristine.

Abstract Background: Vincristine is a vesicant drug which is normally given intravenously. Intrathecal administration of vincristine is a therapeutic misadventure, causing chemical leptomeningitis and focal ventriculitis. While 55 cases of intrathecal vincristine administration have been reported worldwide, only 32 cases have been documented in the literature, 13 have been reported to the FDA Med Watch, and many more cases are believed to be unreported. Of the documented cases, 84.3% resulted in death and 15.6% of those who survived had serious neurological consequences such as quadriplegia and paraplegia. Methods: The Research on Adverse Events and Reports (RADAR) project conducted a review of literature published between 1968 and June 2006. Sources included Med Watch reports, published abstracts and journal articles, online newsletters, and letters from pharmacists. Findings: The reports reviewed showed that intrathecal administration of vincristine occurred most often because of inadequate communication between pharmacy and medical staff (22 of 32 cases; 68.7%). In these cases, the pharmacy mistakenly delivered vincristine syringes together with syringes containing intrathecal medications and physicians or nurses wrongly administered vincristine intrathecally. Pharmacy error alone, such as the mislabeling of syringes, accounted for 6 of 32 cases of intrathecal administration of vincristine (18.7%) while physician/nurse error alone (failure to read syringe labeling or check physician's orders) accounted for 4 of 32 cases (12.5%). Conclusions: Since vincristine is lethal when given intrathecally, its administration should be executed with the precautionary measures employed with other potentially lethal substances, such as blood products. Carefully reviewing physician orders before drug administration and dispensing vincristine in syringes incompatible with spinal needles can also curb fatal error. Other preventive measures include properly labeling vincristine syringes for intravenous use only and diluting vincristine in intravenous mini-infusion bags. Literature review of case reports since 1968 1986–1990 1991–1995 1996–2000 2001–2005 Total USA/Canada 7 1 2 4 2 16 Europe 0 0 2 2 1 5 Australia 0 1 1 0 1 3 Asia 1 0 1 3 0 5 Total Cases 8 2 6 8 8 32 Deaths 8 1 4 6 8 27 (84.3%) Pharmacy/medical staff error 5 1 3 5 5 22 (68.7%) Pharmacy error 2 0 2 2 3 6 (18.7%) Physician/Nurse error 1 1 1 1 0 4 (12.5%)
Virtual Reference in a Global Context: Going Beyond Local Needs

This article discusses virtual reference services in the context of serving global users. The process started by reviewing communication practices in virtual reference, emphasizing query clarificat...
Abstract 18963: Over-expression of Angiopoietin-2 in Human Patients With Continuous-flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices Induces Abnormal Angiogenesis and Predicts Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events

Arteriovenous malformations are common in patients with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) and may reflect deregulation of angiogenesis. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a stimulator of angiogenesis produced by endothelial cells in response to thrombin. In this study, we evaluate Ang-2 expression in patients with LVAD compared with stable heart failure (HF) or orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) and test the hypothesis that elevated Ang-2 in patients with LVAD leads to increased angiogenesis. Blood samples were taken from 79 patients (n= 21 HF, 41 LVAD, 17 OHT) during routine heart catheterization. Ang-2 was measured by ELISA and thrombin was measured by Western Blot. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with plasma from each patient and Ang-2 expression was measured by RT-PCR. HUVECs were then incubated on Matrigel with serum from each patient in the presence or absence of an Ang-2 blocking antibody and tube formation was measured by microscopy. Also, vena caval endothelial cells were isolated from discarded guide wires used during catheterization and Ang-2 expression was measured by quantitative immunofluorescence. In patients with LVAD vs. HF or OHT, Ang-2 was elevated in both serum (12.3±9.6, 4.5±2.1, and 4.9±2.0 ng/mL respectively, p 10 ng/mL was associated with a higher 3 month risk of GI bleeding vs. Ang-2 <10 ng/mL (30% vs. 0%, p<0.01). Therefore, we conclude that over-expression of Ang-2 in patients with LVAD induces increased angiogenesis and predicts GI bleeding events. Thrombin is increased in patients with LVAD and their plasma induces Ang-2 over-expression in vitro . Therefore, Ang-2 overexpression may contribute to AVM formation in patients with LVAD.
Intralipid Vehicle Does Not Interfere with the Efficacy of Progesterone in Attenuating Edema following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract The recent disappointing results of phase III trials for progesterone (PROG) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) have triggered speculation about reasons for the negative outcomes. One confounding factor may have been the vehicle used to administer PROG. Virtually all of the many pre-clinical experiments informing the clinical trials and reporting beneficial PROG effects used more soluble 2-hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin as a vehicle given intraperitoneally or subcutaneously rather than a lipid formulation given intravenously (IV). The present investigation compared the effect of PROG infusion with that of lipid emulsion (Intralipid®) as a carrier/vehicle on edema following TBI in rats. Eight-mg/kg doses of PROG with 20% Intralipid were given IV via central venous catheter beginning 1 h post-injury over a 1 h duration (1.2 mL/h). Animals were killed and brains removed at 24 h post-injury. All the brain-injured groups showed more edema compared with the control group. However, PROG+Intralipid significan...
Computed tomography (CT) imaging features in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma differentiating exon 19 and exon 21 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated tumors.

7548 Background: Imaging studies provide essential clinical information for lung cancer diagnosis, treatment and management. Features such as ground glass opacity (GGO), while commonly seen in earl...
An adaptive portfolio trading system

A reinforcement learning trading algorithm with expected drawdown risk is proposed.The expected maximum drawdown is shown to improve portfolio signal generation.The effectiveness of the method is validated using different transaction costs.An adaptive portfolio rebalancing system with automated retraining is recommended. Dynamic control theory has long been used in solving optimal asset allocation problems, and a number of trading decision systems based on reinforcement learning methods have been applied in asset allocation and portfolio rebalancing. In this paper, we extend the existing work in recurrent reinforcement learning (RRL) and build an optimal variable weight portfolio allocation under a coherent downside risk measure, the expected maximum drawdown, E(MDD). In particular, we propose a recurrent reinforcement learning method, with a coherent risk adjusted performance objective function, the Calmar ratio, to obtain both buy and sell signals and asset allocation weights. Using a portfolio consisting of the most frequently traded exchange-traded funds, we show that the expected maximum drawdown risk based objective function yields superior return performance compared to previously proposed RRL objective functions (i.e. the Sharpe ratio and the Sterling ratio), and that variable weight RRL long/short portfolios outperform equal weight RRL long/short portfolios under different transaction cost scenarios. We further propose an adaptive E(MDD) risk based RRL portfolio rebalancing decision system with a transaction cost and market condition stop-loss retraining mechanism, and we show that the proposed portfolio trading system responds to transaction cost effects better and outperforms hedge fund benchmarks consistently.
Discovery of hypothetical hetero-interpenetrated MOFs with arbitrarily dissimilar topologies and unit cell shapes

Interpenetration is a commonly observed phenomenon in metal organic frameworks (MOFs) where multiple frameworks are entangled with each other. Hetero-interpenetration, where two (or more) distinct frameworks entangle with one another, is much rarer, although several cases have been observed in recent years. Interpenetration of either kind (hetero or homo) greatly affects the pore characteristics (size, shape, environment, dimensionality) and consequently the functionality/performance of the material. Given their complex nature, designing interpenetrated MOFs, particularly hetero-interpenetrated ones, is challenging. In this study, a novel computational method is described (and its source code shared) that can rapidly discover pairs of MOFs that may have distinct network topologies and unit cell shapes. By applying this method to search through a library of just over 6000 MOFs corresponding to 4.3 million MOF pairs, we were able to identify 18 hypothetical hetero-interpenetrated MOFs (whose crystals structures we provide).
ON THE BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOANALYTIC FIELD THEORY, PART 1

Defining Psychoanalysis: Achieving a Vernacular Expression, by Ian Miller. London: Karnac, 2016. 116 pp.The Pioneers of Psychoanalysis in South America: An Essential Guide, edited by Nydia Lisman-P...
Impact of HIPAA’s minimum necessary standard on genomic data sharing

This article provides a brief introduction to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Privacy Rule's minimum necessary standard, which applies to sharing of genomic data, particularly clinical data, following 2013 Privacy Rule revisions. This research used the Thomson Reuters Westlaw database and law library resources in its legal analysis of the HIPAA privacy tiers and the impact of the minimum necessary standard on genomic data sharing. We considered relevant example cases of genomic data-sharing needs. In a climate of stepped-up HIPAA enforcement, this standard is of concern to laboratories that generate, use, and share genomic information. How data-sharing activities are characterized-whether for research, public health, or clinical interpretation and medical practice support-affects how the minimum necessary standard applies and its overall impact on data access and use. There is no clear regulatory guidance on how to apply HIPAA's minimum necessary standard when considering the sharing of information in the data-rich environment of genomic testing. Laboratories that perform genomic testing should engage with policy makers to foster sound, well-informed policies and appropriate characterization of data-sharing activities to minimize adverse impacts on day-to-day workflows.
CENTRAL DOPAMINERGIC MODULATION OF THE RESPIRATORY CONTROL SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Rats treated neonatally with intracisternal (i.c.) 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or control rats were lightly anesthetized with halothane and placed in a closed body plethysmograph. Rats treated with 6-OHDA had a decreased basal respiratory frequency and a greater apomorphine-induced elevation in the respiratory rate. Moreover the tidal volume response to CO 2 exposure was also greater than in control rats. It is concluded that central catecholaminergic neurons are involved in the respiratory control system.
Developmental Considerations in Pediatric Skull Base Surgery

Objectives To review developmental surgical anatomy and technical nuances related to pediatric skull base surgery. Design Retrospective, single-center case series with literature review. Setting MD Anderson Cancer Center. Participants Patients undergoing pediatric skull base surgery. Main Outcome Measures Review developmental anatomy of the pediatric skull base as it relates to technical nuance of various surgical approaches and insight gained from a 25-year institutional experience with this unique patient population. Results Thirty-nine patients meeting these criteria were identified over a 13-year period from 2003 to 2016 and compared to a previously reported earlier cohort from 1992 to 2002. The most common benign pathologies included nerve sheath tumors (11%), juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (9.5%), and craniopharyngiomas (4.8%). The most common malignancies were chondrosarcoma (11%), chordoma (11%), and rabdomyosarcoma (11%). Varied surgical approaches were utilized and were similar between the two cohorts save for the increased use of endoscopic surgical techniques in the most recent cohort. The most common sites of tumor origin were the infratemporal fossa, sinonasal cavities, clivus, temporal bone, and parasellar region. Gross total resection and postoperative complication rates were similar between the two patient cohorts. Conclusions Pediatric skull base tumors, while rare, often are treated surgically, necessitating an in depth understanding of the anatomy of the developing skull base.
Therapeutic Resistance in Leukemia

At Southern Research Institute, a series of in vivo drug-resistant murine P388 leu-kemias were developed for use in the evaluation of crossresistance and collateral sensitivity. These in vivo models have been used for the evaluation of new compounds of potential clinical interest. Crossresistance data coupled with knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance operative in the drug-resistant leukemias may identify useful guides for patient selection for clinical trials of new anti tumor drugs and noncrossresistant drug combinations.
Is Criminal Law Both Redundant and Inconsistent?: Crime and Consciousness in Light of Developments in Neuroscience

Continued advances in neuroscience research—as described in Vukov (2018), even with the inconsistencies and uncertainties illustrated by Saigle and colleagues (Saigle, Dubljevic, and Racine 2018)—h...
The K-theoretic bulk-boundary principle for dynamically patterned resonators

Abstract Starting from a dynamical system ( Ω , G ) , with G a generic topological group, we devise algorithms that generate families of patterns in the Euclidean space, which densely embed G and on which G acts continuously by rigid shifts. We refer to such patterns as being dynamically generated. For G = Z d , we adopt Bellissard’s C ∗ -algebraic formalism to analyze the dynamics of coupled resonators arranged in dynamically generated point patterns. We then use the standard connecting maps of K -theory to derive precise conditions that assure the existence of topological boundary modes when a sample is halved. We supply four examples for which the calculations can be carried explicitly. The predictions are supported by many numerical experiments.
Modular data structure verification

This dissertation describes an approach for automatically verifying data structures, focusing on techniques for automatically proving formulas that arise in such verification. I have implemented this approach with my colleagues in a verification system called Jahob. Jahob verifies properties of Java programs with dynamically allocated data structures. Developers write Jahob specifications in classical higher-order logic (HOL); Jahob reduces the verification problem to deciding the validity of HOL formulas. I present a new method for proving HOL formulas by combining automated reasoning techniques. My method consists of (1) splitting formulas into individual HOL conjuncts, (2) soundly approximating each HOL conjunct with a formula in a more tractable fragment and (3) proving the resulting approximation using a decision procedure or a theorem prover. I present three concrete logics; for each logic I show how to use it to approximate HOL formulas, and how to decide the validity of formulas in this logic. First, I present an approximation of HOL based on a translation to first-order logic, which enables the use of existing resolution-based theorem provers. Second, I present an approximation of HOL based on field constraint analysis, a new technique that enables decision procedures for special classes of graphs (such as monadic second-order logic over trees) to be applied to arbitrary graphs. Third, I present an approximation using Boolean Algebra with Presburger Arithmetic (BAPA), a logic that combines reasoning about sets of elements with reasoning about cardinalities of sets. BAPA can express relationships between sizes of data structures and invariants that correlate data structure size with integer variables. I present the first implementation of a BAPA decision procedure, and establish the exact complexity bounds for BAPA and quantifier-free BAPA. Together, these techniques enabled Jahob to modularly and automatically verify data structure implementations based on singly and doubly-linked lists, trees with parent pointers, priority queues, and hash tables. In particular, Jahob was able to prove that data structure implementations satisfy their specifications, maintain key data structure invariants expressed in a rich logical notation, and never produce run-time errors such as null dereferences or out of bounds accesses. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Testing Learning Paradigms in the Field

An animals’ foraging efficiency may be enhanced by generating rules or strategies of behavior that increase the probability of encountering suitable prey or food patches (Kamil, 1984; Parker, 1986). The information upon which these strategies are based is acquired during a process of exploration and sampling, and is associated with both random encounters and expectations regarding the productivity and distribution of previously visited feeding sites. As resources become depleted and change in spatial and temporal availability, animals must incorporate new or updated information in order to generate more effective foraging patterns. The ability of a forager to exploit resources efficiently is dependent, therefore, on its ability to remember and integrate information concerning: (1) direction, position, and distance between multiple feeding sites; (2) food availability in a patch prior to and after a foraging bout (rates of renewal); (3) number of visits to a patch and time interval since last visit; and, (4) food type associated with a specific feeding site (Dolins 1993; see also Krebs et al, 1977, 1978; Krebs, 1981; Shettleworth & Krebs, 1982; Vander Wall, 1982, 1990; Balda & Turek, 1984; Sherry, 1984; Stephens & Krebs, 1986; Armstrong et al, 1987; Garber, 1988, 1989; Milton, 1988; Brown & Gass, 1993).
SO10 as a Viable Unification Group

The simplest unification of electroweak and strong interactions is realized by the SU5 model of Georgi and Glashow1 which incorporates the electric charge. There are, however, several indications that the SU5 model is only a step in the right direction and not the definitive model, even though it gives a roughly successful account of the value for sin2θW and of certain mass ratios2. For one, there just are too many known elementary fermions, and in SU5 left- and right-handed components of the same mass fermion must appear in different representations: each family of “comparable” mass is described by a reducible combination \(\bar 5 + 10\) of left-handed Weyl spinors. The lightest such family contains \({e^ - },{\upsilon _{eL}},\vec u\,{\text{and}}\,\vec d\), the additional families for the \(\bar \mu \,{\text{and }}\bar \tau \) are just clones of the first family[F1].
Making a Creative Commons MOOC: Challenges and Opportunities

It is likely that only a small proportion of educators are willing, interested, and incentivized to complete an entire MOOC, but we believe that many more can benefit from our educational resources if we empower our participants to take our materials and put them to work. We launched the MITx MOOC Envisioning the Graduate of the Future under a Creative Commons (CC) license because we think that making the content explicitly open (with the requirement of attribution) would make it easier for the target audience (teachers, administrators, and others in the education sphere) to get value from the content. The decision to use a CC license, specifically CC BY 4.0, affected course development in several ways. The course team had to learn more about the intricacies of the various CC licenses. The work of finding, tracking, logging, and labeling resources (both third-party and created by the course team) involved a great deal of collaborative, detail-oriented work. Certain resources, like commercially produced music tracks, were no longer a good fit due to conflicts regarding terms of use. From the first run of the course, we now recognize the importance of collecting data regarding how much learners know about CC licenses and also about how they are sharing, using, and adapting our content. We now believe that releasing a course under a CC license does not guarantee that learners will notice and begin sharing and adapting our content. We hope to innovate in terms of data collection to make it easier for learners to report how they are experimenting with repurposing course content.
Note on the extraction of

Abstract The element | V ub | of the quark mixing matrix can be extracted with small theoretical uncertainties by combining weighted integrals over the endpoint regions of the lepton spectrum in B → X u lν decays and the photon spectrum in B → X s γ decays. The perturbative corrections to this determination are computed at next-to-leading order including operator mixing, which has an important impact. The effect of Sudakov resummation is shown to be numerically insignificant.
Black cultural studies is intersectionality

This article argues that Black cultural studies must be understood as an intersectional intervention of praxis. Grounding our field in the past, speaking from the present, and projecting to the fut...
Molecular mechanics of the swelling clay tactoid under compression, tension and shear

Abstract Montmorillonite is the principal constituent of many expansive soils. The swelling of expansive clays upon hydration can cause significant distress to infrastructure. On the other hand, the swelling characteristics lead to many beneficial applications of these clays, such as barrier materials and in nanocomposites. The montmorillonite hierarchical structure plays a vital role in the swelling of expansive clays. The hierarchical structure of montmorillonite consists of four levels, clay mineral layers, tactoids, aggregates, and assembly of aggregates. The clay tactoid is considered as the fundamental clay particle, which consists of several clay mineral layers stacked in the Z direction. We report here for the first time a molecular mechanics study of the clay tactoid. The molecular model of sodium-montmorillonite (Na-Mt) tactoid was built, and its mechanical properties were evaluated using Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD) simulations. The mechanical response of Na-Mt tactoid was evaluated under compression, tension, and shear. Compression tests revealed a short linear characteristic with a compression modulus of 125 GPa followed by a nonlinear portion with increasing modulus approaching 640 GPa, which is the modulus of a single clay mineral layer. The tensile pulling of the tactoid also indicated an influence of the tactoid nanostructure with the influence of multiple neighboring layers of tactoid. The shearing simulations indicated first a mechanical response with a modulus of 10 GPa ending with locking of interlayer cations into tetrahedral cavities followed by small displacements exhibiting a modulus of 70 GPa. All of the mechanical behaviors were related to the evaluated interaction energies between clays and cations during loading. These studies elucidated key mechanisms of swelling clay tactoid response to loading.
Patient Challenges and Needs in Comprehending Laboratory Test Results: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Patients are increasingly able to access their laboratory test results via patient portals. However, merely providing access does not guarantee comprehension. Patients could experience confusion when reviewing their test results. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the challenges and needs of patients when comprehending laboratory test results. Methods: We conducted a web-based survey with 203 participants and a set of semistructured interviews with 13 participants. We assessed patients’ perceived challenges and needs (both informational and technological needs) when they attempted to comprehend test results, factors associated with patients’ perceptions, and strategies for improving the design of patient portals to communicate laboratory test results more effectively. Descriptive and correlation analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyze the survey and interview data, respectively. Results: Patients face a variety of challenges and confusion when reviewing laboratory test results. To better comprehend laboratory results, patients need different types of information, which are grouped into 2 categories—generic information (eg, reference range) and personalized or contextual information (eg, treatment options, prognosis, what to do or ask next). We also found that several intrinsic factors (eg, laboratory result normality, health literacy, and technology proficiency) significantly impact people’s perceptions of using portals to view and interpret laboratory results. The desired enhancements of patient portals include providing timely explanations and educational resources (eg, a health encyclopedia), increasing usability and accessibility, and incorporating artificial intelligence–based technology to provide personalized recommendations. Conclusions: Patients face significant challenges in interpreting the meaning of laboratory test results. Designers and developers of patient portals should employ user-centered approaches to improve the design of patient portals to present information in a more meaningful way.