cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sampling for potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on alfalfa in New York: relative efficiency of three sampling methods and development of a sequential sampling plan

Three sweep-sampling methods (25 sweeps per site, 4 sites per field; 20 sweeps per site, 5 sites per field; and 10 sweeps per site, 10 sites per field) for potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), adults in alfalfa were evaluated for efficiency in 25 fields in five New York counties in 1987. The 10-sweep-per-site method was significantly more efficient than the other two methods, which did not differ significantly. The 10-sweep-per-sitemethod saved the most time and performed the best at all E. fabae densities involved in pest management decision making. A sequential sampling plan was developed with field data from 1986 and 1987. The sampling plan was validated with a Turbo PASCALsimulation with 1985 data. The sequential sampling plan agreed 95.9% and disagreed 0.3% with the fixed-site plan currently in use in New York. The sampling plan had a no-decision rate of 3.8% and decisions were made after an average of 3.2 sites per field (with a 3-site minimum imposed). The sequential sampling plan reduced the average number of sites visited by 67.7% compared with the fixed-site sampling plan.
Radical Substitution at Boron in Small Cobaltacarboranes. Conversion of η5-C5Me5 to η4-C5Me5R Complexes1

As an alternative approach to metal-promoted cross-coupling reactions for the preparation of B-substituted organo derivatives of small cobaltacarboranes, synthesis via radical substitution reaction...
Annotation tools based on the annotation graph API

Annotation graphs provide an efficient and expressive data model for linguistic annotations of time-series data. This paper reports progress on a complete open-source software infrastructure supporting the rapid development of tools for transcribing and annotating time-series data. This generalpurpose infrastructure uses annotation graphs as the underlying model, and allows developers to quickly create special-purpose annotation tools using common components. An application programming interface, an I/O library, and graphical user interfaces are described. Our experience has shown us that it is a straightforward task to create new special-purpose annotation tools based on this general-purpose infrastructure.
RANDOM ROTATION MATRICES

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an algorithm for random rotation matrices. It is sometimes convenient to generate arbitrary 3 × 3 rotation matrices for use in creating randomized models, random animation sequences, or for use in stochastic simulations. The chapter presents a routine that maps three random variables in the range [0,1] onto the set of orthogonal 3 × 3 matrices with positive determinant; that is, the set of all rotations in 3-space. This mapping is one-to-one on the domain (0,1) × (0,1) × (0,1). The algorithm works by first constructing a unit quaternion from the three random variables, then converting the quaternion into an orthogonal matrix. If the random variables are independent and uniformly distributed in [0,1], the resulting rotations will also be uniformly distributed.
Effect of intravenous gamma globulin on infants with severe pneumonia

Objective:To study the efficiency of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG)on infants with severe pneumonia.Methods:Fifty-four children with severe pneumonia were administered different therapies.Twenty-six children received large dose of IVIG(1 g·kg-1·d-1)daily in addition to routine treatment for 2 days,while other 28 children in the control group received only routine treatment.Results:Dyspnea was the most common symptom in infants with severe pneumonia.The symptom in the therapy group improved more rapidly than that in the control group.The difference was significant(P0.001).Conclusions:IVIG can decrease the symptom and increase the cure rate in infants with severe pneumonia.
The Use of Early Life Stages in Stock Identification Studies

Abstract Egg, larval, and juvenile stages are useful in identifying stocks. Primarily, early life stages are used to distinguish spawning locations from which stock structure is inferred. Distribution, otolith chemistry, phenotypic traits, and Lagrangian particle tracking are used to identify and assign spawning locations. In this context early life stages are part of a holistic approach—one piece of information used in the development of a conceptual model of stock structure. Future work using geostatistics, whole life cycle models, and multispecies approaches will broaden the applications of early life stages to stock identification. One issue—identified in part through analysis of early life stages—is that fish and shellfish distributions are changing, which is leading to changes in stock boundaries and stock structure. Continued study of early life stages can provide data necessary to understand these changes in the context of spawning distributions and ultimately stock structure.
Reconfigurable blocker-tolerant RF front-end filter with tunable notch for active cancellation of transmitter leakage in FDD receivers

A tunable N-path filter with an adaptive integrated notch is demonstrated for active cancellation of transmitter self-interference in frequency division duplexing (FDD) cellular systems. The proposed filter is a combination of N-path bandpass filter and N-path bandstop filter, with the center frequency of the bandstop filter is tuned to the transmitting frequency to suppress transmit leakage. The passband of the filter is tunable from 0.4 GHz to 1.4 GHz. The gain of the filter is 17 dB. The rejection of the filter is 74.5 dB, where the notch is created. The NF of the filter is from 3.8–4.7 dB over the whole tuning range. The total power consumption of the filter is 36.4–56 mW. The channel b ndwidth is 6.4 MHz and the out-of-band IIP3 is 21.2 dBm.
Use of Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Behaviors: A Mixed-Methods Investigation in NCAA Division I Football

Grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000), the coachathlete relationship model (Mageau & Vallerand, 2003) suggests that coaches can positively affect athletes’ basic psychological needs satisfaction and motivation through autonomy-supporting behavior. Yet, little research has explored coaches’ objective use of autonomy support or the personal and contextual demands associated with such interactions. The current study used a mixed-methods design to describe coaches’ utilization, perceived benefits of, and challenges to the provision of autonomy support during an NCAA football season. Participants were nine assistant coaches at a Division I university. Each coach was live-coded at one practice each week for the duration of the 12-game schedule. At midseason, participants received a report of the percentage of interactions in teaching, organization, cheering, autonomy support, and controlling behaviors, as well as recommendations for improvement. Coach-level RM-ANOVA results demonstrate...
Might broader be better

In this issue of Blood , Erdmann et al examine the importance of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and rationalize dual inhibition of the p110 α and δ isoforms. 1
Inhibition of CYP4A decreases 9L gliosarcoma cell proliferation and brain tumor volume in rats

1066 Cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) is a member of the CYP family of fatty acid metabolizing enzyme. CYP4A metabolizes arachidonic acid to 20-HETE, a potent vasoconstrictor. We have previously reported that a highly selective inhibitor of CYP4A markedly reduces the basal growth rate of a human glioblastoma cell line, U251. We hypothesized that a CYP4A metabolite, presumably 20-HETE, plays an important role in regulating the growth of an aggressive cancer cell line, 9L rat gliosarcoma. In this study, we examined the effects of a selective inhibitor of CYP4A, HET0016 on the growth of 9L in vitro and in 9L-induced brain tumors in rats in vivo. CYP4A genes are expressed in 9L cells as determined by RT-PCR. Inhibition of CYP4A activity with the highly selective inhibitor, HET0016, (N-hydroxy-N’-(4-butyl-2 methylphenyl) formamidine) decreased the basal growth rate of 9L cells in a dose-related manner. Addition of 10 μM HET0016 reduced the proliferation of 9L cells after 48 hr by 60%. Addition of 100 μM DDMS (N-methylsulfonyl-12, 12-dibromododec-11-enamide), a structurally different inhibitor of CYP4A enzymes, also inhibited 9L cell proliferation by 60%. A stable 20-HETE agonist (20-hydroxyeicosa-5(Z), 14(Z)-dienoic acid, WIT003) at 1 μM rescued HET0016 inhibited cell proliferation by ∼60%. Epidermal growth factor (EGF; 200 ng/ml) increased the proliferation of 9L cells grown in vitro by ∼30%. A similar degree of stimulation was obtained with 1 μM WIT003. HET0016 almost abolished EGF-induced growth of 9L cells. Western blot analysis showed that HET0016 decreases the phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK and SAPK/JNK, suggesting that the inhibitors are interfering with the regulation of growth signaling. In a second series of experiments, brain tumors were induced by injecting 9L cells directly in the forebrain of rats followed by intraperitoneal daily injections of HET0016 (10 mg/Kg/day) for ∼2 weeks. Injection significantly reduced the volume of the brain tumor by ∼80%, which is resulted from a decreased mitosis and an increased apoptosis of tumor cells. An increased survival of ∼5 days was recorded in HET0016-injected rats compared to the control animals. These results suggest that CYP4A and presumably 20-HETE are involved in the regulation of proliferation of rat 9L gliosarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo, and that inhibitors of CYP4A enzymes may be useful as adjuvant in treatment of malignant gliosarcoma tumors.
Sex selection for non-medical indications: a survey of current pre-implantation genetic screening practices among U.S. ART clinics

This study aimed to determine the current percentage of United States (U.S.) assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics offering sex selection via pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) for non-medical purposes. The authors conducted website review and telephone interview survey of 493 U.S. ART clinics performing in vitro fertilization (IVF) in 2017. Main outcome measures were pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS)/pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) practices and non-medical sex selection practices including family balancing. Of the 493 ART clinics in the USA, 482 clinics (97.8%) responded to our telephone interview survey. Among all U.S. ART clinics, 91.9% (n = 449) reported offering PGS and/or PGD. Furthermore, 476 clinics responded to survey questions about sex selection practices. Of those ART clinics, 72.7% (n = 346) reported offering sex selection. More specifically among those clinics offering sex selection, 93.6% (n = 324) reported performing sex selection for family balancing, and 81.2% (n = 281) reported performing for elective purposes (patient preference, regardless of rationale for the request). For couples without infertility, 83.5% (n = 289) of clinics offer sex selection for family balancing and 74.6% (n = 258) for non-specific elective reasons. The majority of U.S. ART clinics offer non-medical sex selection, a percentage that has increased substantially since last reported in 2006.
Predicting Catalytic Proton Donors and Nucleophiles in Enzymes: How Adding Dynamics Helps Elucidate the Structure-Function Relationships.

Despite the relevance of understanding structure–function relationships, robust prediction of proton donors and nucleophiles in enzyme active sites remains challenging. Here we tested three types of state-of-the-art computational methods to calculate the pKa’s of the buried and hydrogen bonded catalytic dyads in five enzymes. We asked the question what determines the pKa order, i.e., what makes a residue proton donor vs a nucleophile. The continuous constant pH molecular dynamics simulations captured the experimental pKa orders and revealed that the negative nucleophile is stabilized by increased hydrogen bonding and solvent exposure as compared to the proton donor. Surprisingly, this simple trend is not apparent from crystal structures and the static structure-based calculations. While the generality of the findings awaits further testing via a larger set of data, they underscore the role of dynamics in bridging enzyme structures and functions.
Determining the Antifungal Agent Clioquinol by HPLC, the Not so Pure Preparation: A Laboratory-Based Case Study for an Instrumental Analytical Chemistry Course.

The case study approach provides students with a better appreciation of how scientists solve problems and conduct themselves in the “real world”. When applied to the undergraduate chemistry laboratory, this approach also challenges critical thinking skills and creativity in ways “cook book” experiments very often do not. This approach provides students the opportunity to learn analytical principles in the context of relevant everyday problems, stimulate a sustaining interest, and develop higher cognitive skills and reasoning abilities. The laboratory-based case study described here combines the use of small collaborative groups and a modern instrumental technique, with application to a common consumer product. Students are required to conduct themselves as chemists would, when addressing the problem of product purity claims, and to make a determination based on their experimental results that will be used to direct future action taken by a formulation company. This case study even addresses potential lega...
Nonlinear optics in metamaterials

Nonlinear optics focuses on the phenomena that arise when intense light interacts with matter. At low intensities, optical response of a material scales linearly with the amplitude of the electric ...
Diet therapy in the treatment of neuropediatric disorders

Objetivos. Enfocamos en esta revision el tratamiento dietetico en cuatro trastornos neuropediatricos: 1) la adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al cromosoma X (X-ALD); 2) los trastornos por deficit de atencion (TDA); 3) las epilepsias refractarias, y 4) los errores congenitos del metabolismo (ECM). Desarrollo. El uso del aceite de Lorenzo en el tratamiento de la X-ALD ha sido controvertido, ya que no se han emprendido estudios controlados. Aunque el tratamiento normaliza los niveles de los acidos grasos de cadena muy larga en los ninos con la forma cerebral de la X-ALD, las manifestaciones neurologicas no mejoran o progresan. La dietoterapia en los TDA, con o sin hiperactividad, consiste en la aplicacion de dietas eliminatorias, como las dietas de Feingold y las megavitaminas. Los resultados de varios estudios controlados se contradicen; sin embargo, no hay evidencia cientifica de que los azucares, colorantes y edulcorantes artificiales, como el aspartame y la sacarina causen problemas del comportamiento o del aprendizaje en los ninos estudiados. La dieta cetogenica ha sido eficaz en el control de los espasmos infantiles y de las crisis mioclonicas, aunque tambien han proporcionado beneficios en las crisis parciales. Existen efectos adversos que incluyen los sintomas gastrointestinales, las complicaciones metabolicas, la falta de crecimiento, la malnutricion, la malfuncion hepatica y los calculos renales. La identificacion y el manejo temprano de los ECM requieren un diagnostico precoz y la normalizacion de los desequilibrios metabolicos. Tambien se aplica una gran variedad de formulas especiales para llenar los requisitos nutricionales y reducir o eliminar los factores daninos en los pacientes con problemas neurometabolicos. Conclusiones. La dietoterapia desempena un papel importante en el tratamiento de ciertos trastornos neuropediatricos, como sucede en los ECM y en las epilepsias refractarias. Los beneficios de las dietas especiales, como el aceite de Lorenzo en la X-ALD y la eliminacion de colorantes y edulcorantes artificiales en los TDA, desdichadamente, no se han comprobado.
Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BAD) is a specific dehydrogenase for betaine aldehyde and does not act upon other aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes. It acts at the second stage in the enzymatic conversion of choline to betaine (see also p. 549). The enzyme is a DPN-linked dehydrogenase. Its assay usually involves measuring the reduction of DPN spectrophotometrically though it has also been assayed by measuring the oxidation of betaine aldehyde manometrically1.
Oviposition responses by hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, to wheats varying in surfaces waxes.

Leaf waxes are known to contain oviposition stimulants for Hessian fly. In dual-choice tests comparing seedlings of each of three nonglaucous lines of wheat with its corresponding glaucous line, Hessian flies laid similar numbers of eggs on each genotype. However, when plants from these genotypes were tested at the flag-leaf stage, Hessian flies deposited 25–100% more eggs on the nonglaucous genotype compared to normal wax genotype in each pair. Leaf waxes extracted from the genotypes in one of these pairs (Avalon and nonglaucous Avalon) at the seedling and the flag-leaf stage and tested on paper leaf models elicited oviposition responses similar to those observed on the intact plants. Scanning electron microscopy showed differences in crystal density on nonglaucous and glaucous genotypes only at the flag-leaf stage. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of the leaf wax extracts showed that fly oviposition responses were associated with differences in the chemical composition of the waxes. This is the first report of Hessian fly oviposition responses varying among genotypes of wheat with different surface wax composition.
Seed Transmission in the Potyviridae

Viral pathogens comprise approximately half of the emerging diseases in plants, and plant introductions (including the international movement of seed) are considered to be one of the most important contributing factors to the emergence of these pathogens. For the most part plant viruses are incapable of surviving outside of host tissue making their long-term propagation dependent on their hosts. Thus infected seeds are an effective strategy that not only allows for pathogen survival from one season to the next, but also for their dispersal. The Potyviridae, as the largest plant virus family, is often considered to be the most economically important and its members rank among the most successful plant pathogens. Seed transmission within the Potyviridae family is not uncommon, however the exact mechanism of viral entry into the germ line is currently unknown, and the genetic basis of seed transmission has yet to be completely elucidated. Seed transmission rates are influenced by complex interactions among a variety of factors including the host cultivar, the virus isolate, environmental conditions, the timing of infection, vector characteristics, and viral synergism. Seed transmission can have an enormous effect on the epidemiology of crop pathogens due in part to the ecology of plant viruses which are often secondarily disseminated via insect vectors with the effect that extremely low frequencies of seed transmission can result in devastating epidemics. This is compounded by the fact that vertically infected seedlings often do not exhibit symptoms of viral infection. Given the potential for seed transmitted viral pathogens to initiate epidemics, it is vital to understand how seed transmission rates translate into epidemics. In addition, as seed transmission is a means of dispersal for these viral pathogens, effective phytosanitary measures to control the spread of these pathogens are crucial.
Cortical Spreading Depression Denotes Concussion Injury

Abstract Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has been described after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is uncertain, however, whether CSD occurs after mild, concussive TBI and wh...
Mass Budget Methods

Mass budget methods are based on the principle of conservation of mass applied to some part of the hydrological cycle. Conservation of mass, formulated as a mass budget equation, requires that, in general, for any given control volume, the inflow rate minus the outflow rate equal the rate of change of the water stored. Accordingly, evaporation can be determined as the only unknown rest term in the budget equation if all the other terms can be determined independently. Although, from the conceptual point of view, mass budget methods are by far the simplest, their application is often difficult and impractical. Therefore, they are less commonly used than aerodynamic or energy budget methods. Nevertheless, their conceptual simplicity is an appealing feature and, in certain situations, a mass budget approach can be quite appropriate. In this chapter a brief description is given of several ways in which the mass budget can be applied in practice.
Body Image in Mood and Psychotic Disorders

Body image can play a role in the clinical presentation and course of illness in mood and psychotic disorders. This article describes body image in mood and psychotic disorders, focusing on four diagnoses: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and delusional disorder (somatic type). Body image may contribute to the pathophysiology, nosology, and symptomatology of these disorders. This article summarizes the research in these areas and offers suggestions for future research.
Coming to Terms with Complexity Overload in Transborder e-Justice: The e-CODEX Platform

What does the making of a trans-national information infrastructure in the Justice domain entail? How is it designed? How is it implemented? The analysis of the e-CODEX, a large-scale pilot project to improve cross-border legal communication in the EU, sheds some light upon these questions. The purpose of e-CODEX is not just creating a technical system supporting transborder data exchange, but developing a functioning infrastructure that supports a legally valid, electronically mediated judicial communication system that can produce legal effects across different EU national jurisdictions. The e-CODEX case provides a flavour of the complexity entailed by such endeavour. It illustrates the clash between the attempt to organize and assemble the technological components on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the attempt to cope with the unexpected events and drifts that occur as the project progresses. It shows how the multi-layered legal and organizational dimensions (at the national and European level) become ever more relevant, and how cultivation strategies must be enacted to successfully implement the platform.
A luminescence-based assay for evaluating bactericidal antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in vaccinated horses' serum.

BACKGROUND Current serological tests cannot discriminate between bactericidal Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies from others that are merely a response to Borrelia antigenic stimulation. OBJECTIVE To develop a sensitive and convenient luminescence-based serum bactericidal assay (L-SBA) to identify serum borreliacidal activity. STUDY DESIGN Prospective validation study and method comparison. METHODS Serum samples were obtained either from archives of the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University (N = 7) or from a vaccination trial (N = 238). Endogenous complement-inactivated serum sample was incubated with exogenic complement and B. burgdorferi ML23 pBBE22luc, which is able to process luciferin with luciferase and produce luminescence in viable Borrelia. After incubation, a light signal can be detected by using a luminometer to calculate the borreliacidal antibody titre. RESULTS Components of the reaction mixture including spirochetes and complement from various sources and concentrations were tested to identify a reliable recipe for our complement-mediated L-SBA. We also applied this L-SBA on measuring bactericidal antibody activities and calculated the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of serum samples from clinical collections. Furthermore, we analysed the L-SBA titres and anti-outer surface protein A (OspA) antibody levels from vaccinated horses using the multiplex assays and found that there is a relationship between results generated using these two different assays. The increases of L-SBA titres correlated with increases of anti-OspA antibody titre in sera (r = 0.423). MAIN LIMITATIONS Immunoreactivity of commercial complement may differ from different batches. Clinical protection of borreliacidal antibody levels has not been determined. CONCLUSIONS The L-SBA provided a sensitive and easy-operating platform for the evaluation of bactericidal antibody to B. burgdorferi, and we anticipated L-SBA would function well as an evaluation tool of vaccine efficiency in the future.
Abstract 300: The Vascular Ecto-enzyme, CD39 Protects from Venous Thrombogenesis by inhibiting Innate Immune Activation

Background: Venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious health concern, with growing incidence in an aging, comorbid population. DVT is marked by sterile inflammation and innate immune activation. Early p...
Predicting Retention in HIV Primary Care: Is There a Missed Visits Continuum Based on Patient Characteristics?

Missing 3 + scheduled HIV primary care visits over a 1-year period increases mortality risk for people living with HIV (PLWH). We used electronic health data from PLWH (≥ 18 years old) at a southeastern US HIV clinic in 2016 to examine differences across patient-level characteristics and number of missed visits (1–2 vs. 0, 3 + vs. 0, 3 + vs. 1–2). In multivariable multinomial logistic regression analyses, poverty, lack of Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program support services, being uninsured, not having a high school degree, and being younger were significantly associated with 1–2 or 3 + missed visits (vs. 0 missed). Only poverty remained predictive of missing 3 + versus 1–2 visits (RR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.49–4.88). Patients at risk for missing 3 + visits present similar characteristics to patients who miss 1–2 visits. Interventions aimed at poverty reduction and increased access to education, health insurance, and support services may improve retention and, therefore, decrease mortality risk.
Evaluation of endothelial/Descemet membrane complex of eye bank donor corneas using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Objective: We present a novel method for screening eye bank donor corneas using high definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). This technology allows for the quantification of endothelial/Descemet membrane (En/DM) complex thickness ex vivo. Design: Prospective interventional study. Participants: Fifty-two corneal grafts from 27 donors were included in this study. Twenty additional control eyes and 11 eyes with Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy were also evaluated for comparison. Methods: A custom built, high speed HD-OCT device (Envisu R2210, Bioptigen, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) was used to obtain images, and custom-made graph-based segmentation software was used to automatically deconstruct corneal images into micro-layers. HD-OCT imaging was used to scan through the sealed sterile case of donor corneas stored in McCarey-Kaufman medium to image their En/DM complex through the center of the cornea. Results: This technology allowed for quantification of En/DM complex thickness in all donor corneas through the sealed sterile container used to transport graft tissue. Mean En/DM complex thickness of donor corneas was 17±4 μm. The difference between donor cornea En/DM thickness and that of control subjects (16±2 μm) was not statistically significant (p=0.3), suggesting that the transport container and media do not affect measurements. There was a significant difference between En/DM thickness of Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy eyes (25±5 μm) and both donor corneas (p<0.0001) and control subjects (p<0.0001). Conclusions: We have described a new technique to measure En/DM complex thickness in eye bank donor corneas stored in a sealed sterile case. This may represent a novel adjunctive approach to screen corneal grafts for early endothelial disease.
A translation-based heterolingual pun and translanguaging

This paper examines six English translations of the Japanese novel Botchan with a focus on a complex pun that pairs a multi-morphemic sentence-ending in the Matsuyama dialect with the name of a traditional Japanese food. One English translation renders it as a heterolingual SL-TL pun, which is made comprehensible for TT readers without using footnotes and without distorting the culture of the ST. The SL item in this pun is seamlessly integrated into the TT’s linguistic environment at the morpho-syntactic level and is provided with layers of scaffolding at varied linguistic levels which are naturally presented as if they are a part of textual message. This heterolingual pun is analyzed as a manifestation of translanguaging. The paper proposes a research methodology whereby translanguaging perspectives are applied to translation studies in order to explain varied heterolingual translation phenomena, including foreignization.
Multimodal cerebral arteriovenous malformation treatment: a 12-year experience and comparison of key outcomes to ARUBA

Objective Curative treatment of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains controversial after the only randomized controlled trial, A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA), was halted prematurely because interim analysis revealed superiority of the medical management group. In contrast, meta-analyses of retrospective cohorts suggest that intervention is much safer than was found in ARUBA. Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed 318 consecutive adult patients with brain AVMs treated at their institution with embolization, surgery, and/or proton beam radiosurgery. Analysis was performed in 142 ARUBA-eligible patients (baseline modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0-1, no history of hemorrhage), and results were compared to primary and secondary outcomes from ARUBA, as well as to natural history cohorts. Results The annualized stroke rate (hemorrhagic or ischemic) in this cohort was 1.8%, 4.9% in the first 12 months and 0.8% after the first 12 months, which was lower than in natural history studies and the ARUBA medical management arm (p = 0.001). The primary ARUBA endpoint of symptomatic stroke was reached in 13 patients (9.2%), which compares favorably to the ARUBA intervention arm (39.6%, p = 0.0001) and is similar to the ARUBA medical management arm (9.2%, p = 1.0). The secondary ARUBA endpoint (mRS score ≥ 2 at 5 years of follow-up) was reached in 14.3% of patients, compared to 40.5% in the ARUBA intervention arm (p = 0.002) and 16.7% in the ARUBA medical management arm (p = 0.6). Conclusions This multimodal approach to the selection and treatment of patients with brain AVMs yields good clinical outcomes with key safety endpoints (stroke, death, and mRS score 0-1) better than the ARUBA intervention arm and similar to the ARUBA medical arm at 5 years of follow-up. Results compare favorably to natural history cohorts at longer follow-up times. This suggests that tertiary care centers with integrated programs, expertise in patient selection, and individualized treatment approaches may allow for better clinical outcomes than reported in ARUBA. It supports current registry studies and merits consideration of future randomized controlled trials in patients with brain AVMs.
Use of virtual reality games in people with depression and anxiety

Major depressive disorder is a common but serious mood disorder. It can cause severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. Depression is among the major causes of global disease burden. Video games can help to improve a person's mood, therefore improving their depressive symptoms. Here, we design and develop a prototype VR game to help people with depressive disorders improve their mood. We did preliminary tests showing encouraging results in improving people's moods.
Impact of an Immersive Virtual Reality Curriculum on Medical Students' Clinical Assessment of Infants With Respiratory Distress.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether exposure to an immersive virtual reality curriculum on pediatric respiratory distress improves medical students' recognition of impending respiratory failure. DESIGN Randomized, controlled, prospective study conducted from July 2017 to June 2018. Evaluators blinded to student groupings. SETTING Academic, free-standing children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS All third-year medical students (n = 168) were eligible. The standard curriculum was delivered to all students during their pediatric rotation with optional inclusion of research data per Institutional Review Board review. A randomized selection of students was exposed to the virtual reality curriculum. INTERVENTION All students received standard training on respiratory distress through didactics and high-fidelity mannequin simulation. Intervention students underwent an additional 30-minute immersive virtual reality curriculum, experienced through an OculusRift headset, with three simulations of an infant with 1) no distress, 2) respiratory distress, and 3) impending respiratory failure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The impact of the virtual reality curriculum on recognition/interpretation of key examination findings, assignment of an appropriate respiratory status assessment, and recognition of the need for escalation of care for patients in impending respiratory failure was assessed via a free response clinical assessment of video vignettes at the end of the pediatric rotation. Responses were scored on standardized rubrics by physician experts. All eligible students participated (78 intervention and 90 control). Significant differences between intervention and control were demonstrated for consideration/interpretation of mental status (p < 0.01), assignment of the appropriate respiratory status assessment (p < 0.01), and recognition of a need for escalation of care (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to an immersive virtual reality curriculum led to improvement in objective competence at the assessment of respiratory distress and recognition of the need for escalation of care for patients with signs of impending respiratory failure. This study represents a novel application of immersive virtual reality and suggests that it may be effective for clinical assessment training.
“We just want to break the stereotype”: Tensions in Black boys’ critical social analysis of their suburban school experiences.

This study used a youth participatory action research (YPAR) approach to explore the meaning five Black boys make of race, identity, and oppression through their school experiences in a suburban high school. The first author developed, cofacilitated, and assumed the role of participant observer in a YPAR afterschool program aimed at promoting sociopolitical development. The participants completed photovoice projects identifying problems in and solutions for their school community. In their initial framing of the projects, they espoused a deficit narrative of Black student achievement, rooted in low public and private racial regard: Black students are not achieving. At the end of the program year, with the help of individual and group meaning-making in the YPAR program, some participant narratives shifted away from a deficit narrative, and two participants presented a counternarrative that emphasized the ways in which Black students are trying and achieving. These findings contribute to our understanding of how YPAR programs, as situated in liberation and transformative psychology, facilitate critical social analysis for Black boys. Furthermore, these findings contribute to the literature on the experiences of Black boys in suburban schools, through the voices and perspectives of the boys themselves. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Outpatient, Home-Based Physical Therapy Promotes Decreased Length of Stay and Post-Acute Resource Utilization After Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Patients and healthcare systems are increasingly focused on evaluating interventions that increase the value of care delivered. Our objective of this study is to evaluate early post-operative outcomes among those patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty with and without the participation in our piloted Outpatient Physical Therapy Home Visits (OPTHV) program. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty at a single institution from July 2016 to September 2017 was performed. Matched cohorts were compared according to OPTHV enrollment status. Results In total, 1729 patients were included in this study. Two hundred ninety-three patients were enrolled in OPTHV, while 1436 patients received institutional standard care. Patients were matched by gender (56.7% vs 57.7% female, P = .751), age (67.75 vs 66.95 years, P = .167), body mass index (30.18 vs 30.12 kg/m2, P = .859), and average American Society of Anesthesiologists score (2.31 vs 2.36, P = .131). OPTHV patients had a shorter length of stay (1.39 vs 1.64 days, P Conclusion OPTHV is a novel program that facilitates discharge home and decreased length of stay after total joint arthroplasty without increasing re-admissions or emergency room visits. Utilization of OPTHV may contribute toward reducing the episode of care costs by reducing utilization of skilled nursing facility and home health services. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effect of OPTHV on the total cost of care and functional outcomes.
“He didn’t know what he was doin’”: Student perspectives of a White teacher’s Hip-Hop class:

In this article, I share findings from a research study about a high school Hip-Hop course in the United States and offer considerations toward informing culturally responsive teaching and decenter...
Cross-sectional imaging in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Single time-point liver or spleen volume is associated with survival.

AIM To evaluate the association between single time-point quantitative liver and spleen volumes in patients with PSC and transplant-free survival, independent of Mayo risk score. MATERIALS AND METHODS This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study included 165 PSC patients in a hospital. Total (T), and lobar (right [R], left [L], and caudate [C]) liver volumes and spleen volume (S) were measured. Adverse outcome was identified as being on liver transplantation list, transplantation or death (outcome 1), and transplantation or death (outcome 2). Cox-regression was performed to assess the predictive value of volumetric parameters to predict transplant-free survival with and without Mayo risk score. Stratified analysis by Mayo risk score categories was performed to assess the discriminative value of volumes in the model. Prediction models were developed dependent of Mayo score, based on patients demographics, lab values and volumetric measures for both defined outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves were depicted for different liver and spleen volumes. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In this cohort (age 43 ± 17 years; 59 % men) 51 % of patients had adverse outcome. Cox-regression analysis demonstrated statistically significant association between values of T, L, R, C, S, L/T, and C/T and outcome 1; and also statistically significant association between values C, S, and C/T and outcome 2. Prediction models included age, INR, total bilirubin, AST, variceal bleeding, S, and C for outcome 1 and age, INR, total bilirubin, AST, variceal bleeding, and S for outcome 2. CONCLUSIONS Based on our observational study, quantitative liver and spleen volumes may be associated with transplant-free survival in patients with PSC and may have the potential for predicting the outcome but this should be validated by randomized clinical trial studies.
Use of Double vs. Single Radiation Monitoring Badge System for Fluoroscopy Users.

OBJECTIVE To analyze historical radiation dose data from fluoroscopy users at a major university medical center and compare the impact of two alternate dose monitoring methodologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interventional radiologists have traditionally worn two radiation monitoring badges to estimate their radiation dose. This study evaluates if a single badge monitoring system can reduce the administrative burden of radiation monitoring without negatively impacting safety or compliance. This study reviewed the dose history data for a 10-y period including 114,500 individual dose measurements. These individuals were each issued two badges for each wear period, including one worn at the collar (outside a protective garment) and one worn at the chest or waist (beneath a protective garment). The dose for each of the badges was derived from the database of personnel dose records. Badges that could be clearly identified as improperly worn were excluded from the study. The EDE as assigned from the two-badge system and as derived from the wear of the collar badge only were both compared to the thresholds for ALARA notifications currently in use. RESULTS Calculated EDE values are an average of 2.7 times higher when applying a one-badge system as compared to a two-badge system. This is observed to result in a slight increase in the ALARA notification frequency (excluding badges improperly worn in the two-badge system). The overall increase in notification frequency is small because notifications are dominated by dose to the lens of the eye. CONCLUSION Although providing less accurate personnel dose estimates relative to a two-badge system, the use of a one-badge monitoring system for fluoroscopy users may have a minimal effect on radiation dose records and "as low as (is) reasonably achievable" (ALARA) notifications, with potentially significant savings in notifications due to improper badge wear, volume of radiation monitoring badges handled, and cost of the radiation monitoring system.
Augmented Antitumor Activity for Novel Dual PI3K/BDR4 Inhibitors, SF2523 and SF1126 in Ewing Sarcoma.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common pediatric bone cancer. Despite recent advances in the treatment, patients with metastatic tumors have dismal prognosis and hence novel therapies are urgently needed to combat this cancer. A recent study has shown that phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors can synergistically increase sensitivity to bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitors in ES cells and therefore combined inhibition of PI3K and bromodomain and extraterminal domain bromodomain proteins might provide benefit in this cancer. Herein, we have investigated the efficacy of dual PI3K/BRD4 inhibitors, SF2523 and SF1126, for their antitumor activity in ES cell lines. The effect of SF1126 and SF2523 on cell viability and PI3K signaling was assessed on a panel of human ES cell lines. To evaluate the antitumor activity of SF1126, A673 cells were injected intrafemorally into RAG-2-/- mice and treated with 50 mg/kg SF1126 6 days per week, for 30 days. Both SF1126 and SF2523 decreased cell survival and inhibited phosphorylation of AKT in human ES cell lines. In vivo, SF1126 showed a significant reduction in tumor volume. These results suggest that dual PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor, SF1126, has antitumor activity in ES models.
One-step enzyme kinetics measurement in 3D printed microfluidics devices based on a high-performance single vibrating sharp-tip mixer.

Abstract Measuring enzyme kinetics is of great importance to understand many biological processes and improve biosensing and industrial applications. Conventional methods of measuring enzyme kinetics require to prepare a series of solutions with different substrate concentrations and measure the signal response over time with these solutions, leading to tedious sample preparation steps, high reagents/sample consumption, and difficulties in studying fast enzyme kinetics. Here we report a one-step assay to measure enzyme kinetics using a 3D-printed microfluidic device, which eliminates the steps of preparing and handling multiple solutions thereby simplifying the whole workflow significantly. The assay is enabled by a highly efficient vibrating sharp-tip mixing method that can mix multiple streams of fluids with minimal mixing length (∼300 μm) and time (as low as 3 ms), and a wide range of working flow rates from 1.5 μL/min to 750 μL/min. Owing to the high performance of the mixer, a series of experiments with different substrate concentrations are performed by simply adjusting the flow rates of reagents loaded from three inlets in one experiment run. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed reaction between H2O2 and amplex red is measured in this system. The calculated Michaelis constant is consistent with the values from literature and conventional analysis methods. Due to the simplicity in fabrication and operation, rapid analysis, low power consumption (1.4–45.0 mW), and high temporal resolution, this method will significantly facilitate enzyme kinetics measurement, and offers great potential for optimizing enzyme based biosensing experiments and probing many biochemical processes.
Associations of spousal and non-spousal caregiving with six-year trajectories of depressive symptoms among older women in the Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures study.

Objectives:Caregiving and becoming widowed are risk factors for depression in older adults, but few studies have examined their combined effect on depressive symptom trajectories. In a cohort of ol...
Mental health among Latinx emerging adults: Examining the role of familial accusations of assimilation and ethnic identity.

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to investigate (1) how family response to acculturation (e.g., accusations of assimilation) is related to anxiety and depressive symptomatology for Latinx emerging adults. This study's goal is also to analyze (2) the extent to which ethnic identity components and gender moderate the respective associations. METHOD Cross-sectional survey was completed by 200 Latinx emerging adults. Inclusion criteria involved reading English, ages 18-25, currently reside in Maricopa or Miami-Dade Counties and self-identify as Latinx. Analysis used hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses. RESULTS Findings indicate that higher familial accusations of assimilation were associated with higher symptoms of depression and anxiety. Moderation analyses indicate that gender had a statistically significant interaction with accusations of assimilation in relation to symptoms of both depression and anxiety. A significant three-way interaction between ethnic identity exploration, gender, and intracultural accusations of assimilation in relation to symptoms of depression interaction among men was found. CONCLUSION Findings from the study add to literature on the effect of intragroup marginalization on Latinx mental health and highlight gender differences. The ethnic identity component of exploration is found to be a protective factor for men which wanes over increasing levels of accusation of assimilation.
Working with Families and Communities

A mental health provider may also be called upon to work with families and/or communities that are struggling with any of a range of issues related to religious beliefs and sexual orientation. Consider the following examples, each of which portrays actual situations encountered by this author.