cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of factors influencing ACL injury in male and female athletes and non-athletes

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare knee joint laxity and muscular strength between male and female athletes and male and female non-athletes, and to determine if any differences existed among these variables. Participants Fifty-four (27 male, 27 female) apparently healthy athletes and fifty-three (25 male, 28 female) non-athletes volunteered. Main outcome measures The KT-1000 knee arthrometer quantified knee joint laxity during three passive drawer tests (66, 89, and 133N); one active drawer test; and one maximum manual displacement test. The Biodex isokinetic dynamometer measured muscular strength during five maximal repetitions at 60°/s. Results Non-athletes had significantly greater laxity compared to athletes on three of the variables. No significant differences were found between males and females in laxity. Athletes had significantly greater peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles as well as a greater hamstring to quadriceps ( H : Q ) ratio compared to non-athletes. Males produced significantly greater peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings compared to females. Conclusions These findings suggest that laxity is related more to athletic participation than gender; therefore, knee joint laxity may not explain the higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in females. However, gender differences in peak torque suggest that strength may influence the higher knee injury incidence in female athletes.
Socratic Questions and Aristotelian Answers: A Virtue-Based Approach to Business Ethics

To teach that being ethical requires knowing foundational ethical principles – or, as Socrates claimed, airtight definitions of ethical terms – is to invite cynicism among students, for students discover that no such principles can be found. Aristotle differs from Socrates in claiming that ethics is about virtues primarily, and that one can be virtuous without having the sort of knowledge that characterizes mathematics or natural science. Aristotle is able to demonstrate that ethics and self-interest may overlap, that ethics is largely compatible with common sense, and that Aristotle’s virtuous person can make ethical decisions rationally. Case studies can help students improve their ethical perception and keep their values from being overwhelmed by corporate culture.
Immigration in the Era of Color-Blind Racism:

For most of the history of the United States, race played an explicit role in immigration laws that designated only Whites (and later Blacks) as eligible for U.S. citizenship. Today, however, we ar...
Suicide terror: the myth of martyrdom

Portrating suicide terrorists as psychologically normal is wrong and plays straight into the hands of our enemies, says Adam Lankford
Production of Intonation and Contrastive Stress in Electrolaryngeal Speech

Acoustical investigations of intonation and contrastive stress patterns in speech produced with electronic artificial larynges were completed. High-quality tape recordings of sentences spoken by 4 normal speakers, 3 users of the Western Electric 5A electrolarynx, and 2 users of the Servox electrolarynx were subjected to acoustic analysis. All electrolarynx users distinguished stressed from unstressed syllables by varying the duration of syllables and contiguous pauses. One Western Electric 5A speaker also controlled fundamental frequency. This speaker distinguished statements from questions by varying the rate and extent of the initial rising portion of fundamental frequency contours. Findings are interpreted in relation to their implications for clinical intervention and in terms of suggestions for improved design of artificial larynges.
Surface thermal cracking of thermal barrier coatings owing to stress relaxation: zirconia vs. mullite

The initiation of surface cracks in zirconia based multilayer thermal barrier coatings is related to stress relaxation which occurs at the top surface of the coating at high temperatures. An analytical model is used to show that the compressive stresses decrease over time and become tensile upon cooling of the coating, thus resulting in cracks. Mullite, which exhibits significantly reduced stress relaxation behavior, is shown to remain in compression, thus preventing the initiation of surface cracks. This behavior is compared for the cases of equal heat flux and equal surface temperature conditions.
Intertemporal Bounded Rationality as Consideration Sets with Contraction Consistency

How would a boundedly rational agent react to a larger menu? I model choice from an unobservable, subjective consideration subset. Consideration sets satisfy Sen’s property alpha: larger objective choice sets can generate smaller consideration sets. The contribution of this paper is a representation of choice among menus: choice sets are only as valuable as the best item in their subjective subsets, so larger sets can be worse. Unlike people facing temptation, a boundedly rational decision maker can strictly prefer both of two choice sets to their union. This model of intertemporal choice reflects how an agent who satisfies Weak WARP would choose, if sophisticated about her bounded rationality.
Geographical height variation among Ohio Caucasian male convicts born 1780-1849.

Abstract To more completely answer questions regarding health in the past, social scientists are utilizing previously underutilized data sources. This study focuses on one such source: penitentiary records, in order to examine geographical variation in height from a sample of 2554 male Caucasian convicts aged 23–45 years. Data collected include height, age, ancestry, nationality, and year and place of birth. Birth places were divided into five geographical areas corresponding roughly to the United States census geography divisions. Average stature for this sample was 68.4 ± 2.5 in. (173.7 ± 6.4 cm). Regression analyses on height, birth cohort, ancestry, nationality, and place of birth indicate significant but small differences in height across geographical areas. No significant differences were found due to birth cohort.
Examining Symmetry in Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Adults Using Socio-Demographic Characteristics

Over the past few decades, research on symmetry in intimate partner violence (IPV) has continued to yield mixed results. This article examines symmetry in the prevalence of four types of IPV perpetration and victimization based on socio-demographic characteristics of gender, race, relationship status, sexual orientation, age, and socioeconomic status. Socio-demographic characteristics are examined individually and in combination based on subgroups of unidirectional (perpetration-only and victimization-only) and bidirectional IPV using a nationally representative sample of young adults. Results indicate nearly 40% of the study sample reported at least one act of intimate partner violence and the majority of relationships involved bidirectional violence. Study findings reveal a lack of symmetry on some types of IPV based on the individual and combined socio-demographic characteristics of age, race, and gender. Overall findings show IPV to be prevalent in the relationships of young adults and implications for primary prevention programs are discussed.
Directional surface plasmon scattering from silver films

Abstract We discuss the bright hollow cone of scattered light from a silver film due to surface plasmon excitation. The power per solid angle scattered into the cone on the prism side of the metal film is an order of magnitude greater than that scattered on the air side. By photographing the cone, we obtain the spatial surface roughness spectrum of the metal film. Results of these experiments are compared to linear scattering theory.
Synthesis of chromosomal proteins and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in activated Burkitt somatic cell hybrids.

Abstract A Burkitt somatic cell hybrid line, D98/HR-1, contains a latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome which can be induced into expression by 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR). Synthesis of chromosomal proteins under the conditions which induced EBV DNA replication was studied. Maximum DNA synthesis in IUdR-treated cells occurred 3 hr after transfer of the cells to IUdR-free medium in contrast to 6 hr in untreated cells. However, fourfold more DNA was synthesized in the untreated cells. About 80% of the DNA synthesized in IUdR-treated cells was identified as viral DNA with a density of 1.718 g/cm3 by EBV-specific cRNA-DNA hybridization. The synthesis of viral DNA in IUdR-treated cells was inhibited by Acyclovir (ACV) [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] whereas in untreated cells DNA synthesis was not affected by this drug. Synthesis of total cellular proteins in cells not treated with IUdR increased sharply within an hour after transfer to fresh medium and kept increasing for 16 hr. Synthesis of chromosomal proteins in these cells followed the same kinetics as the synthesis of total cellular proteins. In contrast, synthesis of chromosomal proteins in IUdR-treated cells increased selectively while there was no significant increase in total cellular protein synthesis 3 hr after release from IUdR. Electrophoretic analysis on polyacrylamide gels of the chromosomal proteins from IUdR-treated cells revealed that the synthesis of three polypeptides (130 × 103, 110 × 103, and 26 × 103 daltons) is selectively induced upon releasing the cells into IUdR-free medium. The dramatic increase in these three polypeptides when EBV DNA replication reaches its maximum and their failure to be synthesized in the presence of ACV suggest that these polypeptides may play some role in regulating the reactivation of latent EBV genomes.
Further observations on ninhydrin-reacting compounds in urine.

THE MOST COMMON "abnormal" ninhydrin-reacting compound observed in the urine of patients screened for inborn errors of amino acid metabolism has been, in our experience, ampicillin. 1 When high concentrations of this drug are administred intravenously, an ampicillin crystalluria may occur) The recent correspondence in THE JOURNAL of PEDIATRICS 2"3 regarding the discovery of spurious ninhydrin-positive peaks in the ion exchange chromatography of the urine of a patient being treated with ampicillin has prompted us to record our investigations with a number of rather commonly used drugs or related compounds which yield a color with the ninhydrin reagent. Under certain conditions, these compounds could be a source of confusion in the interpreta t ion of amino acid excretion patterns. Although only the techniques of paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis were examined, the same considerations would apply to any method which utilized ninfiydrin to locate and quantitate amino acids.
Highly Fluorinated and Crosslinkable Dendritic Polymer for Photonic Applications

A novel crosslinkable dendritic polymer has been synthesized by the thermal polymerization of peripheral aryl trifluorovinyl ether moieties of a highly fluorinated dendrimer. The resulting perfluorocyclobutane(PFCB)-conlaining dendritic polymer exhibited excellent processability, low optical loss (0,36 dB.cm -1 at 1310 nm with 1% dye doping), high thermal stability, and good solvent resistance for waveguide-based photonic applications.
RESULTS OF A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE RATIO OF METEORITE TO OXIDITE AT THE BARRINGER METEORITE CRATER OF ARIZONA

In a region approximately 60° west of north and about one mile distant from the rim of the Barringer Meteorite Crater of Arizona (CN = + 1110,350), it has been determined, from the results of a systematic survey, that, in an area of 4 square meters, in which there was at least one meteorite, there was, on the average, 1.33 times as much meteorite by weight as oxidite.
Preliminary evaluation of variable compliance joystick for people with multiple sclerosis

Upper-limb fatigue is a common problem that may restrict people with multiple sclerosis (MS) from using their electric powered wheelchair effectively and for a long period of time. The objective of this research is to evaluate whether participants with MS can drive better with a variable compliance joystick (VCJ) and customizable algorithms than with a conventional wheelchair joystick. Eleven participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The groups used the VCJ in either compliant or noncompliant isometric mode and a standard algorithm, personally fitted algorithm, or personally fitted algorithm with fatigue adaptation running in the background in order to complete virtual wheelchair driving tasks. Participants with MS showed better driving performance metrics while using the customized algorithms than while using the standard algorithm with the VCJ. Fatigue adaptation algorithms are especially beneficial in improving overall task performance while using the VCJ in isometric mode. The VCJ, along with the personally fitted algorithms and fatigue adaptation algorithms, has the potential to be an effective input interface for wheelchairs.
Slavery and Saving

SINCE THE RECRUDESCENCE OF INTEREST in the economics of slavery as it existed in the Ante-Bellum South, there has been extensive debate concerning the profitability of slavery and its influence on the economic development of the South. The pioneering work of Conrad and Meyer1 was addressed to the question of profitability which in turn triggered the current controversy over the question of growth and development of the Southern economy. Curiously little attention either on the empirical or theoretical level has been focused upon one of the determinants of the rate of economic progress, namely the ratio of saving to income. A notable exception has been the work of Professor J. E. Moes.2 Moes concluded on theoretical grounds that there were factors inherent in the capitalization of the slave labor force that tended to reduce the saving ratio in the Ante-Bellum South vis-a-vis the free society of the North. In this article the authors suggest some realistic qualifications and modifications of Moes' theory. We conclude that Moes had deduced the results for a special case only and that on a priori grounds there is no reason to believe that in general the saving ratio in the slave society was lower than in the free. Furthermore, the authors take issue with Moes' generalizations with regard to the rate of economic progress in the South.
TRUE SKULL ROOF CONFIGURATION OF ICHTHYOSAURUS AND STENOPTERYGIUS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

Abstract Ichthyosaurus and Stenopterygius are the two best-known ichthyosaurs, represented by numerous specimens and having a long history of paleontological study. Despite such advantages, it is shown here that a major error in skull roof reconstruction, which dates back to the time of Richard Owen, still dominates the literature. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, the two genera share a unique feature, namely the separation of the frontal and postfrontal by the prefrontal. This hitherto ignored feature is phylogenetically important for clarifying the validity, synapomorphy, and membership of the Thunnosauria, a clade defined by the two genera. The feature is also useful in basic taxonomy. Many isolated skull specimens from the lower Lias of England are identified as Ichthyosaurus. Some of the skulls lack the prefrontal feature and differ from Ichthyosaurus in several other respects, suggesting that they represent at least one undescribed genus in the Lower Lias of England. This coincides with the prev...
What Is the Appropriate Distribution of Macronutrients for a Patient with Diabetes

W HILE THE EFFECTIVENESS of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in themanagement of diabetes has been well established, the ideal macronutrient distribution to improve glycemic control has been in question for many years. The American Diabetes Association established guidelines in 2001 stating that there was not one specific mix of macronutrients for all people with diabetes. A recent article published in Diabetes Care (1) reviewed the scientific literature from 2001 to 2010 regarding this question. The researchers reviewed almost 100 studies that discussed the kind and amount of carbohydrates, fat, protein, and specific foods and overall eating patterns that would have a possible impact on gylcemic control. The authors noted howdifficult it was to get a true picture of the effects of the macronutrients on glycemic control sincemany factors can influence the results. Variability in study methodology, includingmeasurement of dietary intake, retention rates, and confounding by weight loss, limits comparisons as to how macronutrient distribution independent of weight loss affects outcomes of interest. In the article, the authors defined the terms “conventional” or “traditional” macronutrient distribution as 55% to 65% carbohydrate, less than or equal to 30% fat, and 10% to 20% protein (1). It is interesting to note that research studies have shown people with diabetes typically consume only 45% of total calories from carbohydrates (1). Although in many instances there were not statistically significant differences between dietary approaches, im-
Fuzzy-logic-based network for complex systems risk assessment: application to ship performance analysis.

In this paper, a new interpretation of intuitionistic fuzzy sets in the advanced framework of the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence is extended to monitor safety-critical systems' performance. Not only is the proposed approach more effective, but it also takes into account the fuzzy rules that deal with imperfect knowledge/information and, therefore, is different from the classical Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system, which assumes that the rule (the knowledge) is perfect. We provide an analytical solution to the practical and important problem of the conceptual probabilistic approach for formal ship safety assessment using the fuzzy set theory that involves uncertainties associated with the reliability input data. Thus, the overall safety of the ship engine is investigated as an object of risk analysis using the fuzzy mapping structure, which considers uncertainty and partial truth in the input-output mapping. The proposed method integrates direct evidence of the frame of discernment and is demonstrated through references to examples where fuzzy set models are informative. These simple applications illustrate how to assess the conflict of sensor information fusion for a sufficient cooling power system of vessels under extreme operation conditions. It was found that propulsion engine safety systems are not only a function of many environmental and operation profiles but are also dynamic and complex. Language: en
Future planning: default network activity couples with frontoparietal control network and reward-processing regions during process and outcome simulations

We spend much of our daily lives imagining how we can reach future goals and what will happen when we attain them. Despite the prevalence of such goal-directed simulations, neuroimaging studies on planning have mainly focused on executive processes in the frontal lobe. This experiment examined the neural basis of process simulations, during which participants imagined themselves going through steps toward attaining a goal, and outcome simulations, during which participants imagined events they associated with achieving a goal. In the scanner, participants engaged in these simulation tasks and an odd/even control task. We hypothesized that process simulations would recruit default and frontoparietal control network regions, and that outcome simulations, which allow us to anticipate the affective consequences of achieving goals, would recruit default and reward-processing regions. Our analysis of brain activity that covaried with process and outcome simulations confirmed these hypotheses. A functional connectivity analysis with posterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior inferior parietal lobule seeds showed that their activity was correlated during process simulations and associated with a distributed network of default and frontoparietal control network regions. During outcome simulations, medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala seeds covaried together and formed a functional network with default and reward-processing regions.
Surveillance of Branch-Duct IPMN: Methods and Frequency

Branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) are common premalignant cystic lesions of the pancreas. Most are incidentally discovered. The prevalence of malignancy at the time of initial identification of BD-IPMNs is very low and they harbor little threat of imminent malignant transformation. Therefore, despite their premalignant nature, immediate surgical resection for all BD-IPMNs is not recommended as the morbidity and mortality of surgery far outweigh the likely benefit of cancer prevention. The possibility of missing an opportunity to surgically cure early cancer, however, is a challenge given our limited understanding of the natural history along with suboptimal diagnostic tools. Consensus criteria for surveillance of BD-IPMNs and indications for surgery have been proposed in 2006 (a.k.a. Sendai criteria) and recently revised in 2012 (a.k.a. Fukuoka criteria). While the evidence to support current recommendations is limited, the trend of available data continues to support deliberate observation for most BD-IPMNs without high-risk stigmata or worrisome features of malignancy. Newer diagnostic tools with better accuracy for diagnosing BD-IPMNs and their dysplasia status are needed to improve clinical management.
Religion, Violence, and Conflict Resolution

Religion has a dual legacy in human history regarding peace and violence. Conflict resolution theory must examine more systematically the decision-making of religious actors and leaders in order for strategies of peacemaking to be effective in the relevant contexts. It is the argument here that the study of religion and conflict resolution will yield an important new field of inquiry. A series of topics need to be addressed, including the mixture of religious and pragmatic motivations in behavior, the struggle between intracommunal moral values and other traditional values that generate conflict, multifaith dialogue and pluralism as conflict resolution strategies, the sociopolitical impact of religious leadership on conflict generation and resolution, the limited scope of religious ethics in regard to the rejection of nonbelievers and traditional outgroups, and the promising role of interpretation of sacred tradition in generating peacemaking strategies.
Nightfall for AWOL:The Dimming of the Dream and the Search for an Alternative

论文首先回溯2008年华尔街金融危机,将这次历史性的灾难归结为投机过剩行为。其次,论文论述政府除了保持既有的公共补贴之外,需要实行紧缩的财政政策来维持资本的扩张。最后,论文以聚焦于全球资本主义体系"未来盲点"的文化"验尸"结尾,指出任何替代性重建都无法回避两个认识论上的范畴,即气候变化和石油峰值。作者评估了"占领华尔街"运动,继而讨论资本主义的结构性危机。作者认为,当下人类同自然的新陈代谢的预见能力是基于科学之上的,而资本主义无法对该能力进行实时反应隶属于其结构性危机之中。极端技术的荒谬逻辑在于为了延长全球资本的扩张性驱动力,不得不以消耗化石能源的方式来获取化石能源,而生态社会主义重建能够避免资本主义对自然的攻击。最后,论文展示了生态社会主义重建过程中的诸多障碍。
Lighting Design Requirements for Highway Nighttime Construction

The utilization of nighttime construction in highway projects has been increasing in recent years in order to alleviate construction-related traffic congestions and delays. In order to ensure quality and safety in these nighttime construction projects, proper and adequate lighting conditions need to be provided on site. This paper presents the findings of a recent study that focused on (1) identifying lighting requirements for nighttime construction operations in highway projects; and (2) developing a practical design tool to address these requirements. Survey and site visits were conducted to identify the current practices and requirements of highway nighttime construction operations. The analysis of the survey results have led to a number of important findings, including: (1) participant Departments of Transportation (DOTs) reported that an average of 17% of their construction projects involved nighttime work in fiscal year 2001; (2) standards to regulate work zone lighting were found to be lacking in many states as 60% of responses received from state DOTs indicated that they do not have lighting standards or guidelines for nighttime construction operations; and (3) the main challenges in nighttime construction lighting were identified to be insufficient lighting, non-uniformity of provided lighting, and glare to road users. This paper also presents a design and optimization tool to address the needs of highway nighttime construction operations that were identified in the above survey. This tool can be utilized by contractors in design and implementation of lighting arrangements, and by resident engineers in the inspection of lighting conditions on site.
Ion Beam Study of Early Stages of Growth of GaN films on Sapphire

An innovative approach for in-situ characterization has been used in this work to investigate the composition, growth mode, morphology and crystalline ordering of the early stages of growth of GaN films grown on sapphire by MOCVD for substrate temperatures in the range of 450°C to 1050°C. We have performed in-situ characterization by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), Ion Channeling, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Low Energy Electron Diffraction. Ex-situ the films have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and thickness profilometry. The films have been grown in an in-house designed and build MOCVD reactor that is attached by UHV lines to the analysis facilities. RBS analysis indicated that the films have the correct stoichiometry, have variable thickness and for low substrate temperature completely cover the substrate while for temperatures 850°C and higher islands are formed that may cover as few as 5 percent of the substrate. From Ion Channeling and LEED we have determined the crystallographic phase to be wurtzite. The crystalline quality increases with higher deposition temperature and with thickness. The films are epitaxialy grown with the crystallographic axis and planes of the GaN films aligned with the sapphire within 0.2 degrees.
Pretransplant Cold Storage of Strawberries: Effects on Plant Vigor, Yield, and Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Abundance

Strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa ) developmental physiology is affected by temperature and photoperiod. Supplemental cold storage treatments of daughter plants of the reproductively day-neutral ‘Selva’, between their harvest from high-elevation propagation nurseries and fall transplant into production fields, stimulated vegetative vigor. In a 3-yr study, the increased vegetative vigor resulting from pretransplant supplemental cold storage treatments reduced susceptibility to infestation by and abundance of twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, during the subsequent fruit production season. Harvest date of daughter plants had an effect on the size of T urticae populations in the following production season if the plants failed to receive adequate vernalization in the field during winter. Medium versus large daughter-crown diameter at transplant produced no significant differences in susceptibility to spider mite infestation, or in the degree of vegetative vigor or yield. Proper manipulation of daughter-plant chilling treatment may enable strawberry producers to decrease plant susceptibility to T urticae infestation, produce optimum-sized plants, and maximize yield.
Lectins as a probe for carbohydrate residues in non-neoplastic urothelium of human urinary bladder.

Abstract Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated lectins were used as a probe to identify the carbohydrate residues found on the cell surface coat of non-neoplastic urinary bladder urothelium. RCA-1, Con-A, WGA and LPA bound to the urothelium in all 16 patients studied. PNA bound to the urothelium only after unmasking its binding sites, by cleaving the sialic acid with neuraminidase. UEA-1 bound to the urothelium of 8 patients whose blood type was H(O), whereas DBA bound only to individual urothelial cells of 8 patients whose blood type was A. This study provides baseline data characterizing specific sugar residues on the cell surface on nonneoplastic human urothelium.
About Ostrowski and Landau Type Inequalities for Banach Space Valued Functions

Very general univariate Ostrowski type inequalities are presented regarding Banach space valued functions.
THE BRICS COMMITMENT IN THE PROMOTION OF EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN: ANALYSIS FROM THE HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE PERSPECTIVE

The contribution of women to peace has been very relevant throughout history. The full and complete development of a country, the welfare of the world and the cause of peace require the maximum participation of women on equal terms with men in all fields. Gender equality has always been seen as an endless project, which should be realized by everyone around the world. The long-term effects of conflict and militarization create a culture of violence that renders women especially vulnerable in a post-war scenario. The interest in involving women and girls in the peace processes often stems from their experiences of armed conflicts, whether primarily as victims or as armed participants. They are aware of the potentials for transformation and reform in periods of peacemaking. Since 2008, the Human Rights Council has been working on the ‘Promotion of the right of peoples to peace.’ Pursuant to resolutions 20/15 and 23/16, the Council decided firstly to establish, and secondly to extend the mandate of the open-ended working group (OEWG) aimed atprogressively negotiating a draft United Nations declaration on the right to peace. The OEGW welcomed, in its second session (July 2014), the approach of the Chairperson-Rapporteur, which is essentially based on the promotion of equality between men and women, and the relationship between the right to life and human rights, peace and development.
Children of the Light: Gnostic Fiction and Gnostic Practice in Vladimir Sorokin’s Ice Trilogy

This paper offers a close reading of the contemporary Russian writer Vladimir Sorokin’s Ice trilogy and explores its deep roots in early gnostic spiritual movements of late antiquity, Russian esoteric philosophy and literature, and Western popular culture. Reflecting sources as varied as the Apocryphon of John, the Disney movie Escape to Witch Mountain , Russian New Age paganism, and esoteric Soviet science, these three interconnected novellas are based on the real-life “Tunguska event,” the great fireball that appeared over the Tunguska region of Siberia in 1908, flattening more than 800 square miles of forest. Famous in UFO circles as the “Russian Roswell” and long a magnet for esoteric speculation, in Sorokin’s hands this probable meteor strike becomes the springboard for a contemporary gnostic fantasy in which a giant chunk of ice carries the spirits of 23,000 gnostic demiurges to earth, where they inhabit human bodies that they despise and seek only to reunite and return to their source. More than a simple postmodern parable of the seventy-year Soviet regime and post-Soviet societal excesses, Sorokin’s damning portrait of his “children of the Light” illuminates the deeper and darker currents of human nature, ethics, and spirituality.
A Novel Autosomal Dominant Dystonia and Spastic Paraplegia Caused by a Mutation in ATP5G3, a Gene That Encodes for Subunit C of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase (S53.002)

OBJECTIVE: To identify the genetic basis for the neurological phenotype in a large, multi-generational family with a novel, autosomal dominant, highly penetrant neurological disease causing childhood onset dystonia and adulthood onset spasticity. BACKGROUND: We previously characterized the phenotype of this disease which has highly variable onset between the first year and fifth decade. Clinically it presents with progressive, deep brain stimulation-responsive idiopathic generalized dystonia in childhood and/or spastic paraplegia in adulthood. Linkage to chromosome 2q24-2q31 was identified, in a region in which no prior inherited dystonias or spastic paraplegias had been identified. DESIGN/METHODS: Forty family members were seen and examined of whom 18 were affected. Exome sequencing was performed on two distantly-related family members. The resulting analysis was constrained to the genetic locus on chromosome 2q. Confirmatory Sanger-based sequencing was performed on the remainder of the affected and unaffected family members. RESULTS: A single, novel heterozygous mutation (p. 102N>K) in ATP5G3 was identified in a highly conserved region of the c subunit of mitochondrial complex V ATP synthase. This mutation segregated with disease in the family. ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation. The c subunits of this complex form the trans-membrane proton pore structure. In E. coli, mutation of the corresponding amino acid causes uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting a possible novel mechanism for this disease. CONCLUSIONS: A specific mutation and amino acid substitution in complex c of mitochondrial ATP synthase causes progressive generalized dystonia and spastic paraplegia. No human diseases resulting from mutations in ATP5G3 have previously been described. Studies in progress to determine the pathophysiology may identify important mechanisms for neurological dysfunction in this and other progressive neurological diseases. Supported by: Divisions of Neurology and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children9s Hospital Medical Center. Disclosure: Dr. Gilbert has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Pediatrics Review and Education Program. Dr. Gilbert has received research support from Psyadon Pharmaceuticals and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Hufnagel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leslie has received personal compenstion for activities with Genzyme Corporation as a Pompe Disease Registry Board member. Dr. Neilson has nothing to disclose.
Adaptive Signal Processing for Cochannel Interference Rejection in Cellular Communications 1

Abstract Time-division multiple access (TDMA) is a digital multiplexing technique that is widely used in some cellular communication systems. Although the user time slots within a cell are designed to be synchronized with each other, they are asynchronous with time slots in nearby cells operating on the same carrier frequencies. The resulting cochannel interference is an important consideration in such systems because it influences the cell size and the quality of service. This paper provides an overview of an adaptive array that is capable of separating and demodulating cochannel signals in a sequential manner. Least-squares algorithms with training are employed to compute the array (beamformer) coefficients such that several cochannel signals are rejected. The array output contains an estimate of one cochannel signal that is equalized and processed by the detector.
Violence against women.

Violence against women has received increasing public attention over the past 20 years. The past two decades have highlighted the problem of intimate partner violence as a major cause of intentional injury to women. Many of these women present themselves to emergency departments where emergency physicians have a unique opportunity to intervene. Language: en
Organizational Communication Theory and Research: An Overview

(1977). Organizational Communication Theory and Research: An Overview. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 1, Communication Yearbook 1, pp. 331-346.
Can Adolescent Drivers' Motor Vehicle Crash Risk Be Reduced by Pre-Licensure Intervention?

Abstract Purpose Although motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for adolescents, there is a scarcity of research addressing adolescents' lack of pre-licensure practical driving experience, which is theorized to increase their post-licensure crash risk. Methods Utilizing police-reported crashes and survey data from a randomized and quasi-randomized trial (n = 458 adolescents, 16 or 17 years of age at enrollment), the impact of a parent-directed supervised practice driving intervention and a comprehensive on-road driving assessment (ODA) with feedback was evaluated on adolescent drivers' motor vehicle crashes involvement. Results Compared with the control condition, a nonsignificant 20% relative reduction in risk was observed for the parent-directed intervention: adjusted hazard ratio = .80 (95% confidence interval [CI] .44, 1.43); the unadjusted absolute risk reduction was 1.1% (95% CI −4.4, 7.1). Exposure to the ODA resulted in an 53% relative reduction of risk: adjusted hazard ratio = .47 (95% CI .24, .91); the unadjusted absolute risk reduction was 5.4% (95% CI −.3, 10.7). Conclusions Comprehensive ODA might be protective for adolescents; however, additional research is needed.
Loving Glacier National Park Online: Climate Change Communication and Virtual Place Attachment

We evaluate the use of place attachment and recommend best practices for the use of this tool in communicating climate change online. Focusing on the case study of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, we used a mixed methods approach to: (1) design a website to evoke senses of identity, dependence, and emotion central to place attachment while also incorporating information on climate change science, adaptation, and mitigation; and (2) assess visitors’ sense of climate change concern at various geographic levels via pre- and post-website viewing survey analyses. Quantitative survey results show statistically significant differences between climate change concerns before and after viewing the website, with concern increasing for Glacier National Park irrespective of demographic and ideological identification. Qualitative analyses of survey comments adapted Schweizer et al.’s (Environmental Communication 7(1):42–62, 2013) and Leiserowitz et al’s (Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, New Haven, 2009) Six Americas categories to interpret how respondents’ engage with climate change. The results of this pilot study indicate that place attachment shows promise as a tool for online climate communication and is useful in engaging different types of audiences.
Algorithm design and application of novel GM-AGC based on mill stretch characteristic curve

As the spring equation is limited to the accuracy of mill stiffness and the linearity of the mill spring curve, the traditional gaugemeter automatic gauge control (GM-AGC) system based on spring equation cannot meet the requirements of practical production. In allusion to this problem, a kind of novel GM-AGC system based on mill stretch characteristic curve was proposed. The error existing in calculating strip thickness by spring equation were analyzed first. And then the mill stretch characteristic curve which could effectively eliminate the influence of mill stiffness was described. The novel GM-AGC system has been applied successfully in a hot strip mill, the application results show that the thickness control precision is improved significantly, with the novel GM-AGC system, over 98.6% of the strip thickness deviation of 3.0 mm class can be controlled within the target tolerances of ±20 μm.
Ecological aspects of black band disease of corals: relationships between disease incidence and environmental factors

Eleven environmental factors (salinity, water depth, water temperature, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, soluble phosphate, total phosphate, turbidity, coral diversity, and percent coral cover) were measured at 190 sites on 12 patch reefs of the Florida Keys. Each (2-m-diameter) site was centered around a coral colony with active black band disease (n=21) or a haphazardly selected healthy coral of a species known to be susceptible to black band disease (n=169). Statistical analysis was performed to detect any relationship between each environmental factor and black band disease incidence. Five factors (water temperature, water depth, coral diversity, and concentrations of ortho-phosphate and nitrite) exhibited statistically significant relationships with black band disease. These are discussed in terms of the etiology of the disease as well as the reef environment.
An Overview of Multivariate Models and Methods

Statistical procedures are tools that researchers use to help them understand their data and to decide what hypotheses are most consistent with the data. Multivariate statistical techniques are relatively complicated tools. Knowing when to use the tools, to apply them appropriately, and to understand how they affect the results that appear in a solution requires sophisticated training. Multivariate statistical procedures can be exceedingly useful: however, their misuse can produce distorted results, distortions that may not be apparent to the researcher who has an insufficient understanding of the procedures.
Wideband External Pulse Recorded During Cuff Blood Pressure Measurement: A New Technique for Cardiovascular Assessment.

The wideband external pulse (WEP) recorded during blood pressure measurement reveals three components (K1, K2, K3). K1 is recorded with cuff pressure (CP) above systolic (SP). To assess whether the K1 pattern contains information about the functional and structural properties of the cardiovascular system. WEP analysis, echocardiography, carotid artery (CA) ultrasonography and applanation tonometry were conducted on 178 hypertensives. K1R, a feature of K1, was defined to provide a measure between the arterial incident and backward reflective waves. K1R was strongly correlated to vascular functional and structural parameters compatible with vascular effects of aging and hypertension. ANOVA analysis (K1R 0) showed that K1R 0 (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.77). K1R is related to vascular functional properties, with suggestive evidence that K1R is also related to vascular structural properties and perhaps subsequent cardiovascular risk.
Data Driven Methods for Energy Reduction in Large Buildings

Modeling of HVAC components and energy flows for energy prediction purposes can be computationally expensive in large commercial buildings. More recently, the increased availability of building operational data has made it possible to develop data-driven methods for predicting and reducing energy use for these buildings. In this paper, we present such an approach, where we combine unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms to develop a robust method for energy reduction for large buildings operating under different environmental conditions. We compare our method against other energy prediction models that have been discussed in the literature using (1) a benchmark data set and (2) a real data set obtained from a building on the Vanderbilt University campus. A Stochastic Gradient Descent method is then applied to tune the controlled variable i.e., the AHU discharge temperature set point so that energy consumption is "minimized".
The effect of multimodal information on children's numerical judgments.

Abstract Although much research suggests that adults, infants, and nonhuman primates process number (among other properties) across distinct modalities, limited studies have explored children’s abilities to integrate multisensory information when making judgments about number. In the current study, 3- to 6-year-old children performed numerical matching or numerical discrimination tasks in which numerical information was presented either unimodally (visual only), cross-modally (comparing audio with visual), or bimodally (simultaneously presenting audio and visual input). In three experiments, we investigated children’s multimodal numerical processing across distinct task demands and difficulty levels. In contrast to previous work, results indicate that even the youngest children (3 and 4 years) performed above chance across all three modality presentations. In addition, the current study contributes two other novel findings, namely that (a) children exhibit a cross-modal disadvantage when numerical comparisons are easy and that (b) accuracy on bimodal trial types led to even more accurate numerical judgments under more difficult circumstances, particularly for the youngest participants and when precise numerical matching was required. Importantly, findings from this study extend the literature on children’s numerical cross-modal abilities to reveal that, like their adult counterparts, children readily track and compare visual and auditory numerical information, although their abilities to do so are not perfect and are affected by task demands and trial difficulty.
Die Sonne abschirmen

Spatestens seit dem Augenblick an, als der fruhere US-Vizeprasident Al Gore mit einem Laserpointer auf dem Podium stand, auf alberne Grafiken zeigte und ein wenig holzern den Kommentar zu seinem 2006 erschienenen Dokumentarfilm Eine unbequeme Wahrheit sprach, war allgemein klar, dass der Klimawandel die Menschheit vor ein gewaltiges wirtschaftliches und moralisches Dilemma stellt. Wenn Menschen das Klima verandern, in dem sie leben, spielt sich im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes eine Weltveranderung ab. Jeder Zentimeter unserer Welt wandelt sich. Der Himmel uber uns ist nicht mehr einfach „der Wohnort der Gotter“, sondern er wird zu unserem Produkt. Und wenn sich das Klima andert, andert sich alles.
Disorders of Organic Acid Metabolism

Following the widespread amino acid screening programs of the 1950s and early 1960s using paper and ion-exchange column chromatography, numerous amino acidemias were discovered. However, the inborn errors detected by amino acid chromatography were limited to those with defective enzymes in the first two steps of amino acid metabolism. In these cases, the parent amino acid or its keto analogue accumulates.(1) After the two early steps, namely transamination and oxidative decarboxylation, most of the amino acids are metabolized to so-called “organic acids.” The parent amino acids could easily be identified by the ninhydrin reaction, and keto acids could be identified as dinitrophenylhydrozones. The “organic acids,” however, were difficult to detect by the then-existing methods. Because of these technical limitations, enzymatic defects that occur at later stages of amino acid metabolism were not discovered until 1966.
Regulation and regime: the comparative politics of adaptive regulation in synthetic biology

Regulation of rapidly developing changing policy areas is a well-known challenge for any government. It can involve balancing factors from elite factional politics to development strategies, national security, and public health. In the regulation of science and technology, regulation is made harder by limited data for risk assessment and policymaking, and the uncertain implications and safe use guidance for emerging and enabling technologies. Adaptive regulation has been widely proposed as a solution in which governments iteratively update and adjust technology policy as new data become available. We argue that such a strategy, however, desirable, cannot be deployed in any standardized or uniform fashion within all countries. Rather, it depends on the regime. In this paper, we contend that the political regime within a given country has a direct impact upon its ability to adopt an adaptive governing strategy and review how two key variables within such regimes—polyarchy and number of power-wielding principals—have influenced adaptive governing strategies within four countries for the case of synthetic biology. Our four illustrative cases of countries that invested seriously in synthetic biology but have very different regimes are Australia, the USA, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia. Broadly, adaptive regulation will be most likely and successful in polyarchies with few principals, while multi-principal polyarchies will be more inclined to rigidity, with possible islands of adaptive regulation in clearly delimited agencies. While single-principal non-polyarchies can be successful in developing credible adaptive regulation, such regimes are rare and tend not to last.