cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of urban form and gasoline prices on vehicle usage: Evidence from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey

This paper relies on generalized structural equation modeling (SEM) to tease out the relationship between land use, gasoline prices and travel behavior. We analyze data from a Southern California subsample of the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), which has a quasi-experimental nature thanks to large exogenous variations in gasoline prices during the administration of the NHTS (March 2008–April 2009). Our joint models of residential urban form, vehicle efficiency choice, and vehicle use account for residential self-selection and endogeneity of vehicle preferences in order to explain vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for both work and non-work trips. Residential urban form is treated as a latent construct that reflects observed variables such as population density, land use diversity and distance to employment centers. We find that in the short run, households drive 0.171% less for non-work trips when gas prices increase by 1%, while work trips are not responsive to gasoline price changes. Moreover, owners of more fuel efficient vehicles tend to be more educated and Asian. In addition, households in lower density neighborhoods are more likely to have a higher income, to be older than 65 and White; these households tend to own more vehicles per driver. Overall, our results underscore the importance of accounting for the nature of trips when estimating the short-term price elasticity of travel.
Lymphocytes in thoracic duct intestinal and hepatic lymph.

In rats whose intestinal or thoracic duct lymph was drained externally for several days, lymphopenia occurred. Large numbers of cells were collected in the lymph each day, as many, apparently, from the intestinal lymph alone as from the thoracic duct. Hepatic lymph contributed relatively few cells. Augmentation of lymph flow decreased the concentration of cells in the lymph but did not affect the total number of cells collected each day. Fasting for several days likewise did not decrease the first day’s output. With each day’s lymph flow, however, the daily output of cells spontaneously decreased. The decrease was not prevented by the intravenous injection of fresh lymph or of fresh rat plasma in large amounts. In view of this unexplained effect, one must be cautious in interpreting the results of experiments on the lymph lymphocyte.
Applied Mixed Models in Medicine, Second Edition, by H. Brown and R. Prescott

Mixed models are important tools for analysis in medical research because they are applicable to correlated data, which are common in medical studies. For example, in a study in which naturally occ...
Improved seagrass mapping using linear spectral unmixing of aerial photographs

Abstract Mapping of seagrass is challenging, particularly in areas where seagrass cover ranges from extensive, continuous meadows to aggregations of patchy mounds often no more than a meter across. Manual delineation of seagrass habitat polygons through visual photointerpretation of high resolution aerial imagery remains the most widely adopted approach for mapping seagrass extent but polygons often include unvegetated gaps. Although mapped polygon data exist for many estuaries, these are likely insufficient to accurately characterize spatial pattern or estimate area actually occupied by seagrass. We evaluated whether a linear spectral unmixing (LSU) classifier applied to manually-delineated seagrass polygons clipped from digital aerial images could improve mapping of seagrass in North Carolina. Representative seagrass endmembers were chosen directly from images and used to unmix image-clipped polygons, resulting in fraction planes (maps) of the proportion of seagrass present in each image pixel. Thresholding was used to generate seagrass maps for each pixel proportion from 0 (no thresholding, all pixel proportions included) to 1 (only pixels having 100% seagrass) in 0.1 increments. The optimal pixel proportion for identifying seagrass was assessed using Euclidean distance calculated from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and overall thematic accuracy calculated from confusion matrices. We assessed overall classifier performance using Kappa statistics and Area Under the (ROC) Curve (AUC). We compared seagrass area calculated from each threshold map to the total area of the corresponding manually-delineated polygon. LSU effectively classified seagrass and performed better than a random classification as indicated by high values for both Kappa statistics (0.72–98) and AUC (0.80–0.99). The LSU classifier effectively distinguished between seagrass and bare substrate resulting in fine-scale seagrass maps with overall thematic accuracies that exceeded our expected accuracy target of 85% (range: 86.3–99.0%) and were comparable to those reported from previous seagrass mapping studies utilizing aerial image spectral data. The pixel proportion producing seagrass maps with highest accuracy varied among sites (range: 0 to 0.5). The optimal pixel proportion determined from Euclidean distance varied among sites (range: 0.2 to 0.6) and differed from those having highest accuracy. Importantly, the classifier identified small patches of seagrass, resulting in seagrass area estimates that were 2–94% lower than the area of the corresponding habitat polygon. We conclude that where seagrass polygon data exist, LSU can be used together with photointerpretation to generate spatially resolved maps suitable for analysis of seagrass spatial configuration and provide improved estimates of actual seagrass acreage.
Abnormal expression of glycogen phosphorylase genes in regenerated muscle

Physiological and molecular biological properties of free, orthotopic grafts of rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were determined at 28-, 42-, and 76-days postgraft. cDNA probes for the rat fetal (B), liver (L), and muscle (M) isozymes of glycogen phosphorylase were used to assay isozyme mRNA levels. Regenerating muscle grafts did not express nonmuscle phosphorylase isozymes in vivo in contrast to primary rat skeletal muscle explants in vitro. Low levels of M-phosphorylase mRNA were present at all stages of regeneration in the grafts. However, M-phosphorylase mRNA levels and activity increased markedly and nonuniformly in a subset of functionally and morphologically stabilized regenerated muscle fibers between 42- and 76-days postgraft. Biochemical, physiological, and histochemical characterization of the stabilized grafts demonstrated that all fibers present were innervated and indicated that innervation might be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the increase in M-phosphorylase expression. The nonuniform appearance of phosphorylase activity suggests that a differential activity profile imposed on muscle fibers by their motoneuron may govern M-phosphorylase gene expression.
Detrimental Effects of "Stretch" Goals in Specialty Substance Use Disorder Treatment Organizations.

Background “Stretch” goals, a rarely examined concept that represents seemingly impossible, highly ambitious organizational goals ostensibly established to fill performance gaps and motivate employees, are examined within a sample of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment centers in the United States in terms of their prevalence and effects on organizational behavior. Stretch goals are defined as “seemingly impossible” goals intended to motivate employees to achieve high performance. In light of the high level of environmental change and unpredictability faced by SUD treatment centers in recent decades, we theorize that stretch goals would be both common and often detrimental (in terms of capacity utilization rate and efficiency) in these settings.
The Neoproterozoic Noonday Formation, Death Valley region, California: Discussion

[Petterson et al. (2011)][1] have made an important contribution to our understanding of the Noonday Formation and its association with Neoproterozoic glacial events, and they present some thought-provoking insights into the depositional history implied by these rocks. Their work in the eastern
Stable Adsorption of Lipid Vesicles on Modified Gold Surfaces

The use of vesicles as amplifiers in biosensors is receiving increasing attention. Because vesicles may entrap thousands of reporter molecules, strong signal amplification can be obtained if a small number of analytes can simply release the entrapped reporters. Surface immobilization of vesicles with sensitivities for different analytes could then provide for simultaneous amplified detection of a number of analytes on a single chip. To achieve this goal, vesicles must first be stably adsorbed to a surface, without rupture. We have varied vesicle composition and charge (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidic acid at 4.6 molar ratio) and solution ionic strength, to study the adsorption of fluorescent vesicles to glass, gold, and gold modified with chemisorbed acetylcysteine. Surfaces were characterized with angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS), and vesicle integrity and behavior was studied using entrapped and lipophilic fluorescent markers either together or in separate experiments. Diffusion coefficients (by photobleaching recovery) and vesicle fusion (by energy transfer) were monitored using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Finally, as a “proof of principle”, release of a self-quenching entrapped reporter dye (calcein) by the detergent Triton X-100 was followed in real time.
Physical adsorption: theory of van der Waals interactions between particles and clean surfaces.

van der Waals (vdW) interactions between particles and surfaces are critical for the study of physical adsorption. In this work, we develop a method to calculate the leading- and higher-order coefficients, describing the dependence of vdW interaction on height above the surface. We find that the proposed method can produce the vdW coefficients for atoms on surfaces of metals and semiconductors, with a mean absolute relative deviation of about 5%. As an important application, we study the adsorption energies for rare-gas atoms on noble-metal surfaces by combining the present method, which accounts for the long-range part, with semilocal density functional theory (DFT), which accounts for the short-range part. This combined $\mathrm{DFT}+\mathrm{vdW}$ approach yields adsorption energies in excellent agreement (5%) with experiments. This suggests that the present method may serve as a useful dispersion correction to density functional approximations.
Concepts in Biomimetic Design: Methods and Tools to Incorporate Into a Biomimetic Design Course

Biomimetic design, the use of nature to inspire solutions to engineering problems, has been practiced on an ad hoc basis throughout human history. Only recently, however, have researchers sought to develop formal tools and principles to effectively tap the wealth of design solutions found within nature. Texas A&M University is developing an undergraduate course to introduce interdisciplinary engineering students to the current concepts, principles, and methods of biomimetic design, as found in published literature. This paper seeks to concisely present the results and conclusions of the many research efforts that will be incorporated into the developing course. The research reviewed in this paper is discussed with some emphasis on its pedagogical implications. Research efforts in applying design tools such as functional modeling, analogical reasoning, and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) to biomimicry are summarized. This paper also discusses the efforts to develop effective tools to search biological information for design inspiration. As similar courses in biomimetic design have been conducted at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of Maryland, the published findings from those courses are also presented.© 2011 ASME
A Feeding Preference Bioassay for Neodiprion Sawflies on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana

A feeding preference bioassay was developed that provides consistent qualitative and quantitative evaluation of antifeedant activity of a candidate compound to larvae of several Neodiprion sawflies. The bioassay utilizes twigs of mature jack pine, Pinus banksiana, foliage; one-half is treated with the antifeedant deet and one-half nontreated. Neodiprion sawflies exhibit natural behavioral characteristics in this bioassay, and upon detection of the antifeedant they migrate to untreated foliage to feed.
14 Souls, 19 Days and 1600 Dreams: Engaging Critical Race Praxis While Living on the "Edge" of Race.

Because the dynamics of race are wrongly ignored in a current shroud of post-racialism (i.e. re-election of Barack Obama as president of the USA, shifting racial demographics in the USA, etc.), there are still communities in the USA and throughout the world that experience the damaging effects of racism entangled with the realities of class. Many still do not live in a post-racial utopia where ‘things are getting better’. Instead, for some, things are getting worse. In light of these realities, this article is an account of a community's attempt to interrupt the popularly shared notion that low-income/working-class communities of color do not deserve quality education. The title has particular significance in that the 14 is reflective of the 14 community members that endured a 19-day hunger strike to secure a school for 1600 students. It should be considered on the ‘edge’ of race in that it recognizes that race is often placed on the periphery of urban education, allowing policies to continually marginali...
Multiple role of dislocations in the heteroepitaxial growth of diamond: A brief review

In the synthesis of epitaxial heterostructures with appreciable lattice misfit, dislocations represent a crucial linear defect. Since device quality is typically deteriorated by their presence, minimizing the dislocation density by optimized growth strategies is a key challenge for R&D. This especially holds also for the system diamond-on-iridium with its difference in lattice constants of more than 7%. As a consequence of this misfit, the initial dislocation density is very high. In this review we discuss different aspects of dislocations in heteroepitaxial diamond growth. They vary from mutual interaction mechanisms for an efficient reduction in density, over interaction with surface structures, their crucial role in the formation of intrinsic stress, their presumable role in formation of highly anisotropic stress and also their role as sink for the segregation of boron dopants. Finally, it is pointed out that the dislocation mediated stress formation may be used intentionally to strengthen devices by formation of compressively stressed surface layers. The present article is focused on recent studies from the authors’ research group.
Probiotics as adjunctive therapy for preventing Clostridium difficile infection - What are we waiting for?

Abstract With the end of the golden era of antibiotic discovery, the emergence of a new post-antibiotic age threatens to thrust global health and modern medicine back to the pre-antibiotic era. Antibiotic overuse has resulted in the natural evolution and selection of multi-drug resistant bacteria. One major public health threat, Clostridium difficile, is now the single leading cause of hospital-acquired bacterial infections and is by far the most deadly enteric pathogen for the U.S. population. Due to the high morbidity and mortality and increasing incidence that coincides with antibiotic use, non-traditional therapeutics are ideal alternatives to current treatment methods and also provide an avenue towards prevention. Despite the need for alternative therapies to antibiotics and the safety of most probiotics on the market, researchers are inundated with regulatory issues that hinder the translational science required to push these therapies forward. This review discusses the regulatory challenges of probiotic research, expert opinion regarding the application of probiotics to C. difficile infection and the efficacy of probiotics in preventing this disease.
Still More Questions

As if the questions we have been asking so far have not been problematic enough, still more questions come to mind, especially in the minds of those who hold the Antithesis position. Among these questions are the following:
Experiments on high pressure plasmas

The field of knowledge known as Applied Mechanics has grown up through the years to embrace many of the parts of engineering which are treatable in a more or less exact way by the methods of Applied Mathematics. One of the most recent additions is the field of Magnetogasdynamics — the field in which fluid motions are influenced in a significant way by electric and magnetic forces.
Electric Power Generation from Earth’s Rotation through its Own Magnetic Field

There is a simple proof that it is impossible to produce electricity using Earth's rotation through the nonrotating component of its own magnetic field. However, the authors have identified a loophole in that proof, and it appears that power generation could be possible in a laboratory system. Experimental verification of this result could carry implications for a clean-energy future.
Wiedereingliederung von Häftlingen als Mythos und Zeremonie

Der Gefangnisboom in Amerika nach der Burgerrechtsbewegung ist nicht auf Profitstreben, sondern auf die Staatsfuhrung zuruckzufuhren. Folglich mussen wir die Schimare „Gefangnis-Industrie-Komplex“ vernichten und die daraus abgeleiteten Geschichten von der Industrie rund um die Wiedereingliederung von Gefangenen aufgeben. Diese dustere, okonomische Metapher ist doppelt irrefuhrend: erstens erfahren die meisten ehemaligen Strafgefangenen keine Wiedereingliederung, sondern eine anhaltende Zirkulation zwischen Gefangnis und ihren enteigneten Wohngegenden, aus der sie vertrieben wurden; zweitens sind die mit der Uberwachung beauftragten Institutionen keine Marktteilnehmer, sondern Bestandteil des burokratischen Feldes, wie es von Pierre Bourdieu charakterisiert wurde. Die Uberwachung nach der Haftentlassung ist offizieller Bestandteil des „Prisonfare“, welches „Workfare“ durch organisatorische Isomorphie erganzt und zur neoliberalen Umgestaltung des Staates beitragt. Einrichtungen zur Wiedereingliederung sind kein Gegenmittel, aber eine weitere Regierungsmasnahme zur Eindammung von Straftaten, um Problemkategorien und -bereiche in der dualisierten Stadt zu bewaltigen. Um die wirtschaftliche Irrationalitat und burokratischen Absurditaten bezuglich der Uberwachung von Straftatern, ob in Freiheit oder hinter Schloss und Riegel, zu fassen, sollte unsere theoretische Inspiration nicht der radikalen Kritik des Kapitalismus, sondern der Neo-Durkheimschen Organisationssoziologie und der Neo-Weberschen Theorie des Staates als klassifizierende und stratifizierende Kraft entspringen.
Procedural reduction maps

Procedural textures and image textures are commonplace in graphics today, finding uses in such places as animated movies and video games. Unlike image texture maps, procedural textures typically suffer from minification aliasing. Given a procedural texture on a surface, I present a method that automatically creates an anti-aliased version of the procedural texture. The new procedural texture maintains the original texture's details, but reduces minification aliasing artifacts. This new algorithm creates an image pyramid similar to MIP-Maps to represent the texture. Whereas a MIP-Map stores per-texel color, however, my texture hierarchy stores weighted sums of reflectance functions, allowing a wider-range of effects to be anti-aliased. The stored reflectance functions are automatically selected based on an analysis of the different functions found over the surface. When the texture is viewed at close range, the original texture is used, but as the texture footprint grows, the algorithm gradually replaces the texture's result with an anti-aliased one. This results in faster development time for writing procedural textures as well as higher visual fidelity and faster rendering.* *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: QuickTime.
E=mc2 in theory and in practice

Einstein and Oppenheimer are forever linked by that famous equation. Einstein derived it and Oppenheimer oversaw its terrible application. The Meaning of Genius is the subtitle that Silvan Schweber has chosen for his study of these two very different giants. Schweber is a theoretical physicist whose years at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton overlapped with those of Einstein and Oppenheimer, for whom he provides a perceptive comparison in his book's introductory chapter.
The Role of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Preventing Postoperative Sepsis in Gastrointestinal Surgery

Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition, accounting for over 1 million hospitalizations annually in the United States, with mortality rates as high as 40%. Patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) surgery are especially susceptible to sepsis, due to bacterial translocation secondary to surgical trauma and the use of antibiotics. Probiotics and synbiotics, which have been hypothesized to counteract disturbances in the intestinal flora and reduce pathogenic bacterial colonization, have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of a variety of GI conditions, including sepsis. Recent randomized control trials and meta-analyses evaluating the use of probiotic/symbiotic supplementation in elective surgical patients have demonstrated a significant reduction in the risk of developing postoperative sepsis in patients with the use of probiotic/synbiotics. Coupled with the prevention of numerous other GI symptoms, such as diarrhea, probiotics should be considered in all elective surgical GI patients.
A hybrid simulation model for urban weatherization programs

In the face of climate change, cities are becoming interested in developing policies and programs that will increase sustainability and resilience in their neighborhoods. In particular, government officials, planning agencies, and residents of the City of Des Moines, Iowa, would like to find ways to improve the energy efficiency of their urban built environment. Weatherization of residential buildings is one way of reducing energy consumption, particularly in winter months. While financial incentives might increase residents' adoption of weatherization measures, research has shown that social interactions more strongly influence this decision. To enable stakeholders to explore different scenarios for encouraging weatherization, a hybrid simulation model that integrates an urban energy model with an agent-based model has been developed to connect the physical processes of built environment systems with the goals, constraints, and interactions that drive resident behavior. This paper describes an application of the model to a specific residential city block.
Quasi-local action of curl-less vector potential on vortex dynamics in superconductors

Abstract Studies of the Abrikosov vortex motion in superconductors based on time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations reveal an opportunity to detect the values of the Aharonov–Bohm type curl-less vector potentials without closed-loop electron trajectories encompassing the magnetic flux.
Linguistic Constructions of Violence, Peace, and Conflict

Successful communication occurs insofar as participants are able to interpret the intended meanings of one another’s actions. The misuse and abuse of complex language is a decisive factor in protracted struggle and strife over the distribution of valued resources. The interpretive anticipation and reconstruction of violent actions are themselves intrinsic features of the violent acts themselves. Alternatives to violence enable repair mechanisms and face-saving devices to restore favorable conditions for constructive modes of human interaction to take place.
Cat Anatomy Resources

ABSTRACTEditor’s Note: The column editor, Lisa D. Travis, began locating, annotating, and adding interactive websites to her library’s web page during her first professional position in 2002. Over the course of her career, she has supported a wide variety of health sciences programs including Medicine, Nursing, Occupational and Assisting Physical Therapy, Radiography, and Veterinary Technology and has continued to add to her collection of links to interactive websites. Faculty, students, and alumni have provided her with websites for her collection, requested searches for useful websites, and provided notes for annotations. The Interactive Web column reviews freely available Internet resources that are interactive in some form and/or provide helpful videos and animations. The websites are used for assignments, lectures, and self-study purposes and are available for viewing within The Interactive Web blog at https://thewebisinteractive.wordpress.com/. Each of the favorite websites of users is categorized a...
Quaking aspen woodland after conifer control: Herbaceous dynamics

Abstract Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) woodlands are replacing low elevation (
Genome Annotation Generator: a simple tool for generating and correcting WGS annotation tables for NCBI submission.

Background One of the most overlooked, yet critical, components of a whole genome sequencing (WGS) project is the submission and curation of the data to a genomic repository, most commonly the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). While large genome centers or genome groups have developed software tools for post-annotation assembly filtering, annotation, and conversion into the NCBI's annotation table format, these tools typically require back-end setup and connection to an Structured Query Language (SQL) database and/or some knowledge of programming (Perl, Python) to implement. With WGS becoming commonplace, genome sequencing projects are moving away from the genome centers and into the ecology or biology lab, where fewer resources are present to support the process of genome assembly curation. To fill this gap, we developed software to assess, filter, and transfer annotation and convert a draft genome assembly and annotation set into the NCBI annotation table (.tbl) format, facilitating submission to the NCBI Genome Assembly database. This software has no dependencies, is compatible across platforms, and utilizes a simple command to perform a variety of simple and complex post-analysis, pre-NCBI submission WGS project tasks. Findings The Genome Annotation Generator is a consistent and user-friendly bioinformatics tool that can be used to generate a .tbl file that is consistent with the NCBI submission pipeline. Conclusions The Genome Annotation Generator achieves the goal of providing a publicly available tool that will facilitate the submission of annotated genome assemblies to the NCBI. It is useful for any individual researcher or research group that wishes to submit a genome assembly of their study system to the NCBI.
State-Level Variability in Veteran Reliance on Veterans Health Administration and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations: A Geospatial Analysis.

Most Veterans who use the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) also utilize private-sector health care providers. To better inform local and regional health care planning, we assessed the association between reliance on VHA ambulatory care and total and system-specific preventable hospitalization rates (PHRs) at the state level. We conducted a retrospective dynamic cohort study using Veterans with diabetes mellitus, aged 66 years or older, and dually enrolled in VHA and Medicare parts A and B from 2004 to 2010. While controlling for median age and proportion of males, we measured the association between reliance on VHA ambulatory care and PHRs at the state level using multivariable ordinary least square regression, geographically weighted regression, and generalized additive models. We measured geospatial patterns in PHRs using global Moran’s I and univariate local indicator spatial analysis. Approximately 30% of hospitalized Veterans experienced a preventable hospitalization. Reliance on VHA ambulatory c...
Simulating the ENIAC [Scanning our Past]

In some sense, the ENIAC needs no introduction. Essentially everyone in the computing field has heard of the machine and knows that it was a very early electronic computing system. Many have seen the small subsets of the ENIAC on display in various museums. A number of books have been written about it, e.g., [1] and [2] , and it is discussed in many others, e.g., [3] and [4] . However, some background is in order before discussing the details of the ENIAC’s operation and simulation.
Availability of therapeutic sexual aids for cancer survivors: A survey of major cancer centers.

134Background: Treatment-related sexual dysfunction is a distressing problem for many cancer survivors. Cancer treatment guidelines recommend therapeutic aids for sexual health rehabilitation (e.g....
The mechanisms, dynamics, and implications of self-sealing and CO2 resistance in wellbore cements

Abstract This study analyzes the dynamics and mechanisms of the interactions of carbonated brine with hydrated-Portland-cement; in particular, the study focuses on self-sealing, a process whereby hydrated-Portland cement reacts with carbonated brine to for silica and calcium carbonate in sufficient quantities to seal the flow pathway. The analysis is based on a comprehensive set of reactive-transport simulations that explore the complex coupled dynamics between the fluid flow and mineral reactions that underlie self-sealing, and it relies heavily on the synthesis of the extensive body of work on wellbore integrity that has been conducted over the past decade. The analysis explores a large chemical and mineralogical diversity and a wide range in physical conditions and flow regimes, attempting to assess the robustness of the analysis. Self-sealing conditions arise over a wide range in cement properties and reservoir conditions. Although some properties and conditions promote a stronger self-sealing response, self-sealing occurs for a wide range of Ca:Si ratios in cement and for various reservoir fluid compositions. Self-sealing conditions move along a wellbore proportional to the flux of the leaking carbonated brine, and the reaction zone spreads out proportional to the fluid velocity, where volumetric flux and velocity are related by porosity (flux = velocity * porosity). However, self-sealing conditions can be maintained in a specific section of a wellbore by controlling the pressure drive and/or effective wellbore permeability, which in turn can limit the flux and velocity of any leaking fluid. Finally, the phases produced by hydrating Portland cement represent a carbonic cement that will react with a carbonated brine to produce end products (calcium carbonate and silica) that can maintain integrity in the presence of carbonic acid. Moreover, the attributes that make hydrated Portland cement phases a carbonic cement are required for self-sealing.
Immunochemotherapy of Cancer: A Perspective

Considerable advances in biomedical research during the last 20 years have led to an increased interest in human tumor-associated antigens as potential targets for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Research efforts in this area have intensified during the last decade because of the availability of monoclonal antibodies and the rapid emergence of increasingly sophisticated technologies of gene cloning. The relatively slow progress in the clinical treatment of solid tumors has provided further impetus to increased efforts to render immunological approaches useful for cancer therapy, particularly by applying immunoconjugates. Among these conjugates, those made between monoclonal antibodies and either chemotherapeutic drugs, radionuclides, or plant toxins represent the three major categories.
From Politics to Economics at the Thai–Cambodian Border: Plus Ça Change...

This paper looks at border relations between Thais and Cambodians over the last thirty years, in the context of the developing Thai polity and economy. It considers the salience of both ethnicity and nationality in shaping Thai interactions with Khmers. It suggests that as the threat of violent regional conflict diminished, the shared border came to represent important economic opportunities for both Thais and Cambodians. However, rhetorics of “national interest” and “regional development” notwithstanding, the beneficiaries of this transnational trade are neither nation nor state, but specific interest groups working through the structures of government and military on both sides of the border.
Our Moral Universe

The application of psychoanalysis to social issues began with Freud's late writing. Understanding of racial and religious prejudice offers a social science application of psychoanalysis, but also has important implications for clinical practice. This paper supports and illustrates Dorothy Holmes' contention that examination of race and ethnicity in clinical work are important even when these issues are not apparent in patients' manifest content. It describes resistance to these factors in psychoanalysis and society.
Long-Term and Large-Scale Change in Marine Ecosystems

We have so far mainly examined mechanisms and processes that control populational, community, and ecosystem changes over relatively short time periods (up to a year) and relatively small spatial scales. Marine systems are also exposed to changes at rather larger scales and over multiyear (secular) time intervals. Different processes and mechanisms may be involved in changes over different ranges space and time intervals.
Anatomical relationship of palmar carpal bone landmarks used in locating the lunate and capitate during palpation: A cadaveric investigation.

Abstract Study Design Descriptive in situ cadaveric study. Introduction Performing accurately directed examination and treatment to the wrist requires clinicians to orient to carpal bone structures. Purpose of the Study To examine the anatomical relationships that exist within the wrist–hand complex and identify the accuracy of surface anatomy mapping strategies for localizing anatomical landmarks using a palmar approach. Methods Twenty-three embalmed cadavers were dissected using standardized procedures. Metal markers were placed in the most prominent palmar landmark of key carpal structures. Relationships between the most prominent palpation landmarks and the carpal bones of interest were visualized using fluoroscopy. Results The most successful methods of palmar capitate localization included the midpoint of a line from trapezium tubercle to pisiform; the midpoint of a line from scaphoid tubercle to hamate hook; or the intersection (cross) of these 2 diagonal lines, with successful capitate identification 100% (23/23) of the time. The most successful method for locating the lunate included the midpoint of a line from the radial styloid process to the ulnar styloid process, which identified the lunate in 100% (23/23) of cases. Discussion The results of this cadaveric anatomical relationship study support the use of the midpoint of a line from pisiform to trapezium tubercle, the midpoint of a line from scaphoid tubercle to hamate hook, or a combination (cross) of these lines to locate the capitate from a palmar approach. In addition, the anatomical relationships examined in this study support the use of the midpoint of a line from the radial styloid process to ulnar styloid process to locate the lunate from a palmar approach. Knowledge of these anatomical relationships may improve the clinician’s confidence in locating the capitate and lunate during intercarpal examination, special testing, and treatment. Conclusion Results of this study provide information of the anatomical relationships of the carpal bones from a palmar approach, giving clinicians a foundation for proper orientation to the carpal bones during clinical examination and intervention. Further research is needed to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of these methods for surface palpation on live patients.
A Survey of Family Planning Training, Knowledge, and Practices Among Health Care Providers Within the Military Health System at Joint Base Lewis-McChord.

Introduction Within the active duty U.S. military population, the age-adjusted unintended pregnancy rate is higher than the national average. Unplanned pregnancy within the military impacts individual and unit medical readiness. Contraceptive education and availability are means to reduce unintended pregnancy rates; health care providers are key facilitators in provision of contraception. Understanding provider knowledge and practices related to contraceptive provision may identify strengths and gaps in order to provide focal points for sustainment or improvement in family planning practices. The purpose of this study was to assess family planning knowledge, training, and practices among health care providers serving military and dependent beneficiaries within the military health care system at Fort Lewis, Washington. Material and methods This was a cross-sectional survey of health care providers on Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Tacoma, Washington who deliver health care services to U.S. uniformed service members and their dependents in varied settings, including outpatient clinics and a tertiary care center. The survey included questions regarding prior contraceptive training, and current contraceptive knowledge and practices. Survey results were evaluated using descriptive and bivariate analyses. The study was approved by both Institutional Review Boards at Emory University and at Madigan Army Medical Center. Results Overall, 79 eligible health care providers completed the survey. Eighty-six percent of women's health providers consistently ("always or most of the time") provided family planning services to female service members, compared with 38% of primary care providers. Women's health providers were more likely to counsel by method effectiveness and adapt their counseling to consider patients' reproductive life plans. There were no differences between provider type in considering service members' deployment status during contraceptive counseling. Overall, providers identified the correct effectiveness of long-acting contraceptive methods, but tended to overestimate the effectiveness of short-acting methods. Conclusions Family planning services available to service members may be improved through enhanced provider education, targeting efficacy-based counseling and identification of barriers to access and provision of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods.
Reinventare l'educazione

Presentation of a program sponsored by IBM Corporation dedicated to creating a modern and effective training system.
Esophageal Cancer Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes Vary With Hospital Safety-Net Burden.

Background Social determinants of health affect diagnosis and delivery of care to patients with esophageal cancer. This study hypothesized that hospital safety-net burden affects presentation, treatment, and outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with esophageal cancer (2004 to 2013). Treating facilities were categorized according to their relative burden of uninsured or Medicaid-insured patients. Hospitals with low (LBH), medium (MBH), and high (HBH) safety-net burden were compared with respect to patient demographics, disease and treatment characteristics, and survival using χ2 analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and multivariable modeling. Results There were 56,115 patients from 1,215 facilities. HBH treated a greater proportion of racial and ethnic minorities and patients with lower socioeconomic status. Patients at HBH presented at later stages and received primary surgical therapy less often than at MBH and LBH. Survival for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma did not differ significantly between HBH and LBH after adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, income, comorbidity, stage, histologic type, tumor location, facility type, insurance status, and treatment modality (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.14; p = 0.093). HBH were associated with a higher mortality risk than LBH for patients with squamous cell carcinoma (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.20; p = 0.014). Conclusions There is a mortality risk for patients with squamous cell carcinoma, but not for adenocarcinoma at HBH compared with LBH. Further analysis of unadjusted variables such as performance status, completion of therapy, and continuity of care, and others should be undertaken among safety-net hospitals with the goal of creating appropriate clinical pathways for care of esophageal cancer in vulnerable populations.
Design of Reliable DNN Accelerator with Un-reliable ReRAM

This paper presents an algorithmic approach to design reliable ReRAM based Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architecture for Deep Neural Network (DNN) acceleration under intrinsic stochastic behavior of ReRAM devices. We employ the dynamical fixed point (DFP) data representation format to adaptively change the decimal point location based on the data range, minimizing the unused most significant bits (MSBs). Further, we propose a device variability aware (DVA) training methodology where stochastic noise is added to the parameters during training to enhance the robustness of network to the parameter’s variation. Simulations indicate that, on average, the proposed algorithms improve the computing accuracy by more than 20% considering various benchmark DNNs (convolutional and recurrent). Moreover, the proposed approach enhances robustness of the DNN to noisy input data.
Abstract LB-247: 9cis-retinoic UAB30 inhibits UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines signaling via targeting Bromodomain-4

BET bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an epigenome reader works as an oncogene for several cancer types including those that develop in the skin. BRD4 inhibitors have been shown to have antitumor efficacy in multiple cancer models. Additional studies demonstrate the involvement of BRD4 in onsetting inflammation which is a key component of the pathogenesis of cancers including in the development of tumor growth conducive microenvironment. Here we show that a recently developed non-hyperlipidemic retinoid X receptors (RXR) agonist 9cUAB30 besides its anticancer properties also reduces UVB-induced inflammation in a murine model. The molecular mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory effect of 9cUAB30 is complex that involves epigenetic modulation of histones. Orally administered 9cUAB30 reduces BRD4 expression and its downstream signaling. 9cUAB30 mediated inhibition of BRD4 is also evidenced by the downregulation of acetylated histones such as H3K27ac, H3K18ac, H3K9ac, H4K8ac and H4K5ac. This is further confirmed by RNAseq data that show UVB-mediated alterations in multiple BRD4 target genes are attenuated by 9cUAB30 treatment. Furthermore, the BRD4 regulated cytokines such as IL6, IL12a, IL19, IL23, IL27, and IL33 which are induced by UVB, are attenuated by 9cUAB30 treatment. However, UVB induced additional multiple cytokines/chemokines. 9cUAB30 treatment was also successful in diminishing their levels significantly. These data support the notion that 9cUAB30 acts by targeting additional inflammation regulating pathways besides those regulated by BRD4 dependent epigenetic modulation. These initial effects in the tumor adjacent skin could be seen even in the SCCs and BCCs which progress from these early benign lesions suggesting that BRD4 mediated signaling is important during the entire pathogenesis of highly malignant cutaneous lesions. This is further confirmed by in vitro investigation employing Squamous cell carcinoma A431 and SCC13 cells in culture. Further evidence that 9cUAB30 acts via dampening BRD4 regulated pathways comes from genetic studies employing the knockdown and forced expression approaches. Our data also demonstrate that 9cUAB30 dependent majority of anti-inflammation and EMT blocking effects are mediated by targeting BRD4- NFkB /BRD4-Twist axis. In summary 9cUAB30 elaborates anti-inflammatory effects by targeting BRD4 regulated chromatin remodeling. Citation Format: Mohammad Waseem, Mahendra P. Kashyap, Changzhao Li, Sandeep C. Chaudhary, Darshan S. Chandrashekar, Venkatram R. Atigadda, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Craig A. Elmets, Mohammad Athar. 9cis-retinoic UAB30 inhibits UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines signaling via targeting Bromodomain-4 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-247.
Amplification of 9p24.1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies a unique subset of cases that resemble primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma

Copy number alterations (CNAs) of 9p24.1 occur frequently in Hodgkin lymphoma, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), primary central nervous system lymphoma, and primary testicular lymphoma, resulting in overexpression of PD-L1 and sensitivity to PD-1 blockade-based immunotherapy. While 9p24.1 CNA was also reported in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), little is known about its molecular or clinical significance. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of 9p24.1 CNA in newly diagnosed DLBCL and examined its association with PD-L1, PD-L2, and JAK2 expression, clinical characteristics, and outcome. We found that 10% of DLBCL cases had CNA of 9p24.1, with 6.5% gains, and 3.5% amplifications. Only the cases with a 9p24.1 amplification had high levels of PD-L1, PD-L2, and JAK2 expression. Gains or amplifications of 9p24.1 were associated with a younger age and the ABC/non-GCB subtype. Compared with DLBCL cases without 9p24.1 CNA, the cases with a 9p24.1 amplification had a trend of better event-free survival. Furthermore, the amplification cases had a gene expression and mutation profile similar to those of PMBCL. Our data suggest that amplification of 9p24.1 identifies a unique subset of DLBCL with clinical and molecular features resembling PMBCL that may be amenable to PD-1 blockade-based immunotherapy.
Comparing the Effects of Sleep and Rest on Memory Consolidation

Introduction There is ample evidence that overnight sleep and daytime naps benefit memory retention, compared to comparable amounts of active wakefulness. Yet recent evidence also suggests that a period of post-training rest (eg, quiet wakefulness with eyes closed) provides a similar memory benefit compared to wake. However, the relative benefits of sleep vs quiet waking rest on memory remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the extent to which sleep provides a unique memory benefit, above and beyond that conferred by quiet waking rest. Methods In a sample of healthy undergraduate students (N=83), we tested the effect of 30 mins of post-learning sleep, rest, or active wake on concept learning (dot pattern classification) and declarative memory (word pair associates) across a 4-hr daytime training-retest interval. Results and conclusions Contrary to our hypotheses, we found no differences in performance between the three conditions for either task. The findings are interpreted with reference to methodological considerations including the length of the experimental interval, the nature of the tasks used, and challenges inherent in creating experimental conditions that can be executed by participants.