cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is breast cancer surgery safely performed in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy

Aim The aim of the study was to assess the safety of surgery for breast cancer in patients with antithrombotic therapy (ATT), including antiplatelet therapy (APT) and anticoagulation therapy (ACT) for thromboembolic risks. Methods One hundred ninety-three consecutive patients receiving breast surgery for breast cancer at our institution between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, ATT was regularly used in 50 patients (25.9%). Our perioperative management included maintenance of preoperative aspirin monotherapy for APT and bridging heparin for ACT in patients at high thromboembolic risks and early postoperative reinstitution in all ATT cases. The outcome variables of patients with ATT (ATT group) were compared to those of patients without ATT (non-ATT group), and the significant risk factors for postoperative complications were determined by multivariate analysis. Results This series included 127 mastectomy and 66 breast-conserving surgery. ATT group showed significantly high frequency of history of cerebral infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In the ATT group, 32 patients (16.6%) were categorized as high risk for thromboembolism, but there was neither thromboembolic event nor perioperative death in the whole cohort. Surgical blood loss and rates of intraoperative transfusion were identical between the groups. Whereas overall postoperative bleeding complication was more frequently observed in the ATT group compared to the non-ATT group (12.0% vs. 3.5%, p=0.360) in univariate analyses, multivariate analysis showed that neither ATT nor preoperative aspirin continuation affected postoperative bleeding complications. Conclusion Even in patients undergoing ATT, surgery for breast cancer is safely performed without any increase in blood loss or postoperative bleeding, and no thromboembolism was experienced in the series. Our perioperative management of ATT patients is valid during breast surgery, although this patient population is still challenging and should be rigorously managed.
Multimodal Care in the Management of a Patient With Chronic Tendinopathy of the Biceps Femoris: A Case Report

Abstract Objective The purpose of this case report was to describe the use of dry needling in conjunction with auricular acupuncture, core exercises, and light aerobic activity for treating chronic tendinopathy of the biceps femoris. Clinical Features A 30-year-old white female presented with chronic biceps femoris tendinopathy. The injury had occurred 18 months prior while training for a triathlon. Active stretching of her right biceps femoris while standing with her feet 6 inches apart aggravated the pain at the origin in the right tendon of the biceps femoris at 0 degrees of movement. Intervention/Outcome The combination of dry needling and auricular acupuncture with core rehabilitation exercises and light activity was employed. Alleviation of pain with full range of motion was achieved during hip extension, knee flexion, and standing biceps femoris stretch at the 11th, 16th, and 18th treatments. In addition, the patient also reported improvement in her symptoms, including night sweats, insomnia, anxiety, tension, and constipation. Conclusions This patient's symptoms and function improved after 18 treatments of multimodal care. Dry needling employed simultaneously with auricular acupuncture, core exercises, and light activity could be considered a possible strategy for treating chronic tendinopathy.
Do Patients With a Baseline Clinical Condition Warranting the Cautious Use of Parenteral Nutrition Develop Subsequent Metabolic Complications

Background The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Adult Nutrition Support Core Curriculum describes clinical conditions that warrant cautious use of parenteral nutrition (CCWCPN). The Core Curriculum authors acknowledge there is no evidence for specific criteria suggested for the clinical conditions. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a baseline CCWCPN on the development of subsequent metabolic complications in patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Methods Adult patients initiated on PN from May 2014 to July 2015 at Cooper University Hospital were included in this retrospective study. The impact of a CCWCPN on the development of the following was determined: acid-base disturbances, hepatobiliary complications, hypercapnia, hyperchloremia, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypochloremia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and refeeding syndrome. Results Three hundred forty-one patients were included (mean age, 61.7 years; mean duration of PN, 8.5 days; central PN, 97%). Metabolic complications occurred more frequently in patients with a baseline CCWCPN than without these conditions (77% vs 53%, P = .001). Subgroup analyses for the development of metabolic complications in patients with or without each individual baseline CCWCPN yielded the following statistically significant results: hypernatremia (93% vs 57%, P = .007) and hyperchloremia (86% vs 57%, P = .033). Conclusions Hospitalized adult patients with a baseline CCWCPN were more likely to develop a metabolic complication when receiving PN. Baseline hypernatremia and hyperchloremia were associated with the development of metabolic complications. Baseline CCWCPN should be recognized upon initiation of PN; practitioners should closely monitor patients to minimize subsequent metabolic complications.
Entorhinal and transentorhinal atrophy in mild cognitive impairment using longitudinal diffeomorphometry

Abstract Introduction Autopsy findings have shown the entorhinal cortex and transentorhinal cortex are among the earliest sites of accumulation of pathology in patients developing Alzheimer's disease. Methods Here, we study this region in subjects with mild cognitive impairment ( n = 36) and in control subjects ( n = 16). The cortical areas are manually segmented, and local volume and shape changes are quantified using diffeomorphometry, including a novel mapping procedure that reduces variability in anatomic definitions over time. Results We find significant thickness and volume changes localized to the transentorhinal cortex through high field strength atlasing. Discussion This demonstrates that in vivo neuroimaging biomarkers can detect these early changes among subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
Do work commutes moderate the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress

Although numerous studies show that living in a neighborhood that is characterized by disorder (crime and dilapidation) can be psychologically distressing, very few studies have considered the elem...
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, family environment, and substance abuse symptoms in emerging adults

Emerging adulthood is a developmental period spanning roughly from 18 to 25 years old and is marked with high rates of co-occurring substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, espec...
Photon-Number Resolution in Conventional Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors: Theoretical Predictions

We demonstrate theoretically that a conventional single-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector can resolve photon number by sensing changes in the rising edge of the electrical readout pulse.
Privileged Bonds: Lessons of Belonging at an Elite School

Elite schools’ affective production of belonging constructs and reinforces privilege as a collective identity through which students activate their own privilege—not as what they have but as who they are. Drawing on ethnographic data, this chapter describes the lessons learned at an elite boarding school in Jordan that instill a sense of belonging: others are too different to relate to; success is achieved by working together; we are more alike than different; everyone’s voice within the community matters; and we are superior to others. It examines how these lessons of belonging embrace particularities that give shape and meaning to students’ self-understandings and reveal some ways privilege is produced and perpetuated within this elite educational context.
Detection of Influenza A Viruses From Environmental Lake and Pond Ice

Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Environmental ice is an ideal matrix for the long-term protection of organisms due to the limitation of degradative processes. As a result of global climate change, some glaciers and polar ice fields are melting at rapid rates. This process releases viable microorganisms that have been embedded in the ice, sometimes for millions of years. We propose that viral pathogens have adapted to being entrapped in ice, such that they are capable of infecting naive hosts after melting from the ice. Temporal gene flow, which has been termed genome recycling (Rogers et al., 2004), may allow pathogens to infect large host populations rapidly. Accordingly, we hypothesize that viable influenza A virions are preserved in lake and pond ice. Our main objective was to identify influenza A (H1-H16) from the ice of a few lakes and ponds in Ohio that have high numbers of migratory and local waterfowl visiting the sites. We developed a set of hemagglutinin subtype-specific primers for use in four multiplex RT-PCR reactions. Model studies were developed by seeding environmental lake water samples in vitro with influenza A viruses and subjecting the seeded water to five freeze-thaw cycles at -20C and -80C. Results demonstrated that influenza A viruses survive freeze-thaw cycles at both temperatures with a high rate of viability. We then concentrated the meltwater samples from various locations and years by ultracentrifugation and tested for viable influenza A virions using SPF (specifically pathogen free) embryonated chicken egg cultures. Matrix and hemagglutinin genes of the viruses were detected by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and sequencing after several passages depending on the starting concentration of the sample. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of the viral strains obtained from environmental ice samples with the known strains available in GenBank based on those two different viral genes. These confirmed
TOPICS IN NON-ARCHIMEDEAN MATHEMATICS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses topics in non-archimedean mathematics. Neither Leibniz nor his immediate successors were able to establish a rational framework within which this claim could be substantiated and (with rare exceptions) the attempt was abandoned by later generations, who followed the lines laid down by Cauchy and Weierstrass. Leibniz wished to base the differential and integral calculus on a number system that includes infinitely small and infinitely large quantities. More precisely, he regarded the new numbers as ideal elements which were supposed to have the same properties as the familiar real numbers and stated that their introduction was useful for the art of invention. Since then the scope of the theory has been enlarged in successive stages, this chapter explains by means of a number of suitably chosen examples how this has been done and how it has resulted in developments which should be of interest to mathematicians and logicians alike.
Introduction to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The acronym EPR describes a spectroscopic technique known as electron paramagnetic resonance.In several, especially older, textbooks and research papers the alternative names ESR(electron spin resonance) or EMR (electron magnetic resonance) can be sometimes encountered.The development of EPR spectroscopy was slowed during the few decades following its inventiondue to the unavailability of microwave components for higher frequencies. Today, however, EPR technologies are enjoying very rapid development in all areas of application. Such regained interest is related to the fact that EPR not only proved to be an extremely powerful spectroscopic technique but to an increasing amount of related techniques that were born around EPR methodology. Recent developments in the area of instrumentation followed by the commercialization of high-end EPR spectrometers have attracted many new adepts who benefit from exploring this technique in their specific fields of research.
Propagation of non-Gaussian stochastic behavior using the polynomial chaos expansion

Publisher Summary The polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) approach can reduce the computational effort in large-scale engineering design applications. One of the important issues in uncertainty analysis is to find an effective way for propagating uncertainty through the system. This chapter focuses on the implementation of PCE for different probability distributions. A generalized PCE algorithm and transformation methods are investigated and verified in the chapter for their accuracy and efficiency for non-normal random variable cases. The computational aspects of two non-normal distribution techniques for PCE are examined in the three-pin connected rod structure and a highly nonlinear structural model of an uninhabited joined-wing aircraft. The use of the transformation technique along with the original PCE converged more slowly than the generalized PCE algorithm. Therefore, the generalized PCE algorithm is a good choice for the non-normal case when the low order PCE is used.
Genetic Control of Cold Hardiness in Blueberry

Winter hardiness in woody perennials depends on the complex integration of two phenological events: endodormancy and development of cold hardiness (cold acclimation; CA) (Powell 1987). Exposure to low temperatures during fall and winter, which plays a role in CA, is also required for breaking endodormancy and resumption of growth the following spring (Scalabrelli and Couvillion 1986). This requirement, called chilling requirement (CR), is genetically determined (Hauagge and Cummins, 1991, Samish, 1954). Although limited in number, most studies indicate that cold hardiness (CH) is a complex trait with polygenic inheritance. Despite their integral role in the life cycle of woody perennials, studies aimed at elucidating genetic control of CH and CR are scarce.
In-vitro Techniques to Study Cell Signaling

Cell is the smallest unit in both plants and animals which continuously communicate with each other or with their environment. Cells have evolved a variety of signaling mechanism involving a network of events which is required to transmit the signals. This whole process is an intricate meshwork of interactions involving the crossroads of chemistry, physics, and biology. Over the course of a hundred million years of evolution, scientists have invented a number of biochemical approaches to explore these millions of biological networks both in vitro (in single isolated cells) and in vivo (in an intact organism) in plants and animals. Some of the in vitro methods developed so far have been talked about in the chapter. Nevertheless, despite technical improvements in the global understanding of signal transduction, its internal structures and its highly integrated and extremely dynamic nature remains largely mysterious and efforts should be made to invent some more rapid and improved methods to better our understanding of signal transduction.
Twelve years of component separation technique in abdominal wall reconstruction

Abstract Background Component separation technique involves incision of abdominal muscle and its aponeurosis, which generates a myofascial advancement flap to assist with fascial closure in abdominal wall reconstructions. This tissue mobilization allows for musculo-fascial approximation of much larger abdominal wall defects than would otherwise be possible. With extensive tissue mobilization, however, there is concern for significant wound and systemic complications. Methods A prospective, single institution hernia database was queried for patients undergoing component separation from January 2006 to May 2018. Emergency operations were excluded. Anterior component separation (external oblique release with posterior rectus sheath release) and posterior component separation (transversus abdominus release and posterior rectus sheath release) were examined. Results Of the 775 component separation, 33.4% included anterior component separation and 66.6% posterior component separation. Mean age was 58.8 ± 11.5 years, mean body mass index was 33.6 ± 7.1 (kg/m2), and 27.9% of patients were diabetic. Hernias were large (280.0 ± 220.9 cm2) and often complex (recurrent: 62.6%, incarcerated: 41.5%, concomitant panniculectomy: 39.1%, and contaminated: 37.0%). Defect size was larger in anterior component separation group compared with posterior component separation (379.5 ± 265.2 vs 230.0 ± 175.0 cm2, P Conclusion Both anterior component separation and posterior component separation are associated with low recurrence rates, but anterior component separation is associated with higher wound complications. Prehabilitation and operative techniques improve outcomes of component separation.
Spotlight on Antitrust

It has been well over a century since enactment of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. That was the first serious effort to deal with a “contract, combination . . . or conspiracy to restrain commerce” which amounts to an “unreasonable restraint on trade or commerce.” The concern then was principally concentration in oil and gas, livestock slaughter, railroads and a few other areas. Antitrust law was an important government feature in the decades to follow. However, the change of attitude with the election of 1980 resulted in a significant down playing of the role antitrust would be playing in the years to come. The result was a shifting away from the activist role played by the federal government since 1890.
Iterative Learning Control for MIMO Nonlinear Systems With Iteration-Varying Trial Lengths Using Modified Composite Energy Function Analysis.

Most works dealing with trajectory tracking problems in the iterative learning control (ILC) literature assume an iteration domain that has identical trial lengths. This fundamental assumption may not always hold in practical applications. To address iteration-varying trial lengths, a new structure of ILC laws has been presented in this article, based on the newly proposed modified composite energy function (mCEF) analysis. The proposed approach is a feedback control scheme that utilizes tracking errors in the current iteration, so that it can deal with iteration-varying system uncertainties. It is also a unified framework such that the traditional ILC problems with identical trial lengths are shown to be a special case of the more general problem considered in this article. Multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems are considered, which can be subject to parametric system uncertainties and an unknown control input gain matrix function. We show that in the closed loop analysis, the proposed control scheme can guarantee asymptotic convergence on the full-state tracking error over the iteration domain, in the sense of the L²Tk norm, with Tk being the trial length of the kth iteration. In the end, a simulation example is shown to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed ILC algorithm.
Mechanistic PBPK Modeling of Urine pH Effect on Renal and Systemic Disposition of Methamphetamine and Amphetamine

The effect of urine pH on renal excretion and systemic disposition has been observed for many drugs and metabolites. When urine pH is altered, tubular ionization, passive reabsorption, renal clearance, and systemic exposure of drugs and metabolites may all change dramatically, raising clinically significant concerns. Surprisingly, the urine pH effect on drug disposition is not routinely explored in humans, and regulatory agencies have neither developed guidance on this issue nor required industry to conduct pertinent human trials. In this study, we hypothesized that physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling could be used as a cost-effective method to examine potential urine pH effect on drug and metabolite disposition. Our previously developed and verified mechanistic kidney model was integrated with a full-body PBPK model to simulate renal clearance and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) with varying urine pH statuses using methamphetamine and amphetamine as model compounds. We first developed and verified drug models for methamphetamine and amphetamine under normal urine pH condition [absolute average fold error (AAFE) < 1.25 at study level]. Then, acidic and alkaline urine scenarios were simulated. Our simulation results show that the renal excretion and plasma concentration-time profiles for methamphetamine and amphetamine could be recapitulated under different urine pH (AAFE < 2 at individual level). The methamphetamine-amphetamine parent-metabolite full-body PBPK model also successfully simulated amphetamine plasma concentration-time profiles (AAFE < 1.25 at study level) and amphetamine/methamphetamine urinary concentration ratios (AAFE < 2 at individual level) after dosing methamphetamine. This demonstrates that our mechanistic PBPK model can predict urine pH effect on systemic and urinary disposition of drugs and metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our study shows that integrating mechanistic kidney model with full-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic model can predict the magnitude of alteration in renal excretion and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of drugs and metabolites when urine pH is changed. This provides a cost-effective method to evaluate the likelihood of renal and systemic disposition changes due to varying urine pH. This is important because multiple drugs and diseases can alter urine pH, leading to quantitatively and clinically significant changes in drug and metabolite disposition that may require adjustment of therapy.
Single blastocyst transfer yields similar pregnancy rates compared with multiple cleavage embryo transfer, with reduced twin rate, in patients with low number of fertilized oocytes

In patients with low numbers of embryos, there is not yet consensus on whether to extend culture to the blastocyst stage, especially due to the risk that some or all of the embryos will not make it to the blastocyst stage. The objective of our study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in patients with a low number of fertilized oocytes (< 4), comparing single blastocyst transfer to one or more cleavage embryo transfer. We analyzed 6795 cycles from the 2014–2105 Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) registry. All patients were ≤ 38 years old, had less than four fertilized oocytes, and were undergoing first fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) transfer. Primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy (CP), live birth (LB), and miscarriage rate in both cleavage stage transfer and single blastocyst transfer. A secondary outcome was the rate of twin gestation. The comparison of interest in day of transfer included (1) single blastocyst vs single cleavage and (2) single blastocyst vs multiple cleavage stage. The association between day of transfer and primary outcome was investigated using logistic regression, controlling for the age, race/ethnicity, BMI, smoking, gravidity, parity, infertility diagnoses, and assisted hatching. Single blastocyst transfer was associated with an increased odds of CP (adjusted OR 2.03) and LB (adjusted OR 1.86) when compared to single cleavage transfer, and no statistically significant association was observed when comparing single blastocyst transfer to multiple cleavage embryo transfer for CP (adjusted OR 0.94) and LB (adjusted OR = 0.88). The odds of having twins among single blastocyst transfer was significantly lower compared to those odds that among multiple cleavage stage transfer (unadjusted OR 0.09). While pregnancy outcomes are similar between single blastocyst and multiple cleavage embryo transfer, the twin rate is reduced significantly among the single blastocyst transfers in patients with a low number of fertilized oocytes.
Fast acquisition with seamless stage translation (FASST) for a trimodal x-ray breast imaging system.

PURPOSE A major technical obstacle to bringing x-ray multicontrast (i.e., attenuation, phase, and dark-field) imaging methodology to clinical use is the prolonged data acquisition time caused by the phase stepping procedure. The purpose of this work was to introduce a fast acquisition with seamless stage translation (FASST) technique to a prototype multicontrast breast imaging system for reduced image acquisition time that is clinically acceptable. METHODS The prototype system was constructed based on a Hologic full-field digital mammography + digital breast tomosynthesis combination system. During each FASST acquisition process, a motorized stage holding a diffraction grating travels continuously with a constant velocity, and a train of 15 short x-ray pulses (35 ms each) was delivered by using the Zero-Degree Tomo mode of the Hologic system. Standard phase retrieval was applied to the 15 subimages without spatial interpolation to avoid spatial resolution loss. The method was evaluated using a physical phantom, a bovine udder specimen, and a freshly resected mastectomy specimen. The FASST technique was experimentally compared with single-shot acquisition methods and the standard phase stepping method. RESULTS The image acquisition time of the proposed method is 3.7 s. In comparison, conventional phase stepping took 105 s using the same prototype imaging system. The mean glandular dose of both methods was matched at 1.3 mGy. No artifacts or spatial resolution loss was observed in images produced by FASST. In contrast, the single-shot methods led to spatial resolution loss and residual moire artifacts. CONCLUSIONS The FASST technique reduces the data acquisition time of the prototype multicontrast x-ray breast imaging system to 3.7 s, such that it is comparable to a clinical digital breast tomosynthesis exam.
Twelve Years of Creepy Dreadful Wonderful Parasites: Blogging for Fun, Education, and Community

Abstract Blogging is a fun, flexible, and powerful method for delivering educational content, building an international community of practice, and developing the professional reputations of its contributors. Creepy Dreadful Wonderful Parasites is a collaborative weekly case blog delivering content on human parasites for over 12 years. The blog has gained followers and contributors from diverse fields around the world and receives an average of 25,000 page hits each month. This article uses a case-based approach to highlight the features that have contributed to the blog's shared successes so that others can emulate the model for their own specialty practices. The legal, regulatory, ethical, and professional aspects of blogging are also covered.
Managing acute pulmonary embolism in primary care in a patient declining emergency department transfer: a case report.

Background For patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed in the primary care setting, transfer to a higher level of care, like the emergency department, has long been the convention. Evidence is growing that outpatient management, that is, care without hospitalization, is safe, effective, and feasible for selected low-risk patients with acute PE. Whether outpatient care can be provided entirely in the primary care setting has not been well-studied. We report a case of outpatient management of a low-risk patient with acute PE without emergency department transfer. Case summary A 74-year-old woman with a history of recent surgery and immobilization presented to a primary care physician with 10 days of mild, non-exertional pleuritic chest pain. Her D-dimer concentration was elevated. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography identified a lobar embolus without right ventricular dysfunction. She declined emergency department transfer but was classified as low risk (class II) on the PE Severity Index and met the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for outpatient care. Her physician provided comprehensive clinic-based PE management, discharging her to home with education, anticoagulation, and close follow-up. She completed her 3-month treatment course without complication. Discussion This case describes patient-centred, comprehensive, outpatient PE management in the primary care setting for a woman meeting explicit ESC outpatient criteria. This case illustrates the elements of care that clinics can put in place to facilitate PE management without having to transfer eligible low-risk patients to a higher level of care.
Dissociable influences of reward and punishment on adaptive cognitive control

Abstract To invest effort into any cognitive task, people must be sufficiently motivated. Whereas prior research has focused primarily on how the cognitive control required to complete these tasks is motivated by the potential rewards for success, it is also known that control investment can be equally motivated by the potential negative consequence for failure. Previous theoretical and experimental work has yet to examine how positive and negative incentives differentially influence the manner and intensity with which people allocate control. Here, we develop and test a normative model of control allocation under conditions of varying positive and negative performance incentives. Our model predicts, and our empirical findings confirm, that rewards for success and punishment for failure should differentially influence adjustments to the evidence accumulation rate versus response threshold, respectively. This dissociation further enabled us to infer how motivated a given person was by the consequences of success versus failure.
Inorganic oxidizer detection from propellants, pyrotechnics, and homemade explosive powders using gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis

Advancement in rapid targeted chemical analysis of homemade and improvised explosive devices is critical for the identification of explosives-based hazards and threats. Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE), a robust electrokinetic separation technique, was employed for the separation and detection of common inorganic oxidizers from frequently encountered fuel-oxidizer mixtures. The GEMBE system incorporated sample and run buffer reservoirs, a short capillary (5 cm), an applied electric field, and a pressure-driven counterflow. GEMBE provided a separation format that allowed for continuous injection of sample, selectivity of analytes, and no sample cleanup or filtration prior to analysis. Nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate oxidizers were successfully detected from low explosive propellants (e.g., black powders and black powder substitutes), pyrotechnics (e.g., flash powder), and tertiary explosive mixtures (e.g., ammonium nitrate- and potassium chlorate-based fuel-oxidizer mixtures). Separation of these mixtures exhibited detection without interference from a plethora of additional organic and inorganic fuels, enabled single particle analysis, and demonstrated semiquantitative capabilities. The bulk counterflow successfully excluded difficult components from fouling the capillary, yielding estimated limits of detection down to approximately 10 μmol/L. Finally, nitrate was separated and detected from postblast debris collected and directly analyzed from two nitrate-based charges.
Transgender Athletes' Experiences With Health Care in the Athletic Training Setting.

CONTEXT The term transgender refers to individuals whose gender identity does not match their sex assigned at birth. Transgender people often report negative health care experiences, leading many to avoid seeking care. The experiences of transgender athletes with athletic trainers (ATs) are currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To describe common experiences they have had with ATs and to identify barriers transgender athletes may encounter when seeking care. DESIGN Qualitative phenomenologic study. SETTING Individual phone interviews. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Nine transgender participants from high school (n = 2), collegiate (n = 4), club (n = 2), and semiprofessional (n = 1) athletics (age = 23.56 ± 5.32 years). Participants were either current athletes or had been athletes within the past 5 years. They consisted of transgender men (n = 3), transgender women (n = 3), and nonbinary or genderqueer people (n = 4), with 1 participant identifying as both a transgender man and nonbinary. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Participants completed semistructured phone interviews that addressed positive and negative experiences, avoidance, and perceived AT knowledge of transgender concerns. The interviews were analyzed for themes and evaluated with a peer reviewer. Member checking was conducted to validate the findings. RESULTS Three main themes emerged. Education described ATs' knowledge of transgender concerns and receptiveness to learning. Primacy of the patient addressed ATs' behaviors when interacting with transgender athletes. Environment involved how social environments affected transgender athletes' comfort with ATs. Participants commonly perceived a lack of clinician education on transgender needs, which combined with a lack of support or hostile environment to lead to discomfort and avoidance. Respecting privacy, demonstrating support, and being open to education led to positive experiences. CONCLUSIONS Athletic trainers can improve their care of transgender athletes in several areas. Information about transgender people should be included in athletic training curriculums. Athletic trainers can also use inclusive language, signal that facilities are safe for all, and be familiar with resources for transgender athletes.
Escaping court martial for sodomy: Prosecution and its alternatives in the Royal Navy, 1690-1840:

This article reassesses the sailing Royal Navy’s treatment of homoerotic crimes. Historians have argued that same-gender sexual contact was rare and loathed on naval vessels, and that trials were consequently uncommon but produced exceedingly harsh outcomes. Drawing on new archival research, this paper reveals that naval actors had more varied and complex attitudes towards the homoerotic and that courts treated these crimes more moderately on average than has long been assumed. Court martial trials also represented only one – extreme – outcome of an elaborate system that naval actors used to ‘resolve’ detected sex crimes. Summary punishment, flight, dismissal and a range of other routes served as common non-judicial alternatives. Detailed exploration of a protracted late-Georgian dismissal case, that of Lt. Arthur Walter Adair, shows that it is essential to attend to the full range of naval reactions to the homoerotic if we are to fully understand its place in naval history.
Cardiomyocyte-produced miR-339-5p mediates pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease characterized by severe, progressive muscle wasting. Cardiomyopathy has emerged as a leading cause of death in patients with DMD. The mechanisms contributing to DMD cardiac disease remain under investigation and specific therapies available are lacking. Our prior work has shown that DMD-iPSC derived cardiomyocytes (DMD-iCMs) are vulnerable to oxidative stress injury and chronic exposure to DMD secreted exosomes impaired the cell's ability to protect against stress. In this study, we sought to examine a mechanism by which DMD cardiac exosomes impair cellular response through altering important stress-responsive genes in the recipient cells. Here, we report that DMD-iCMs secrete exosomes containing altered microRNA (miR) profiles in comparison to healthy controls. In particular, miR-339-5p was upregulated in DMD-iCMs, DMD exosomes, and in mdx mouse cardiac tissue. Restoring dystrophin in DMD-iCMs improved the cellular response to stress and was associated with downregulation of miR-339-5p, suggesting that it is disease-specific. Knockdown of miR-339-5p was associated with increased expression of MDM2, GSK3A and MAP2K3, which are genes involved in important stress-responsive signaling pathways. Finally, knockdown of miR-339-5p led to mitochondrial protection and a reduction in cell death in DMD-iCMs, indicating miR-339-5p is involved in direct modulation of stress-responsiveness. Together, these findings identify a potential mechanism by which exosomal miR-339-5p may be modulating cell signaling pathways which are important for robust stress responses. Additionally, these exosomal miRs may provide important disease specific targets for future therapeutic advancements for the management and diagnosis of DMD cardiomyopathy.
A case of accidental ingestion of Hydrogen Peroxide causing massive cerebral gas embolic strokes (P4.3-004)

Objective: We report an usual case of strokes due to gas emboli following accidental ingestion of hydrogen peroxide. Background: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)is used as a disinfectant or irrigation of wounds. This is also used as GI detox agent. H2O2 rapidly dissociate to form oxygen and water. One mL of 35% H2O2 liberates about 115mL of O2 gas. Upon accidental ingestion of H202, this O2 gas can enter in to systemic circulation either through direct entry through arterial system, paradoxically from venous system through intracardiac right -to left shunt or through retrograde cerebral venous gas embolism. Design/Methods: Case-report. Results: 61 year old with past medical history of HTN, DM admitted to MICU with h/o accidental ingestion of 35% hydrogen peroxide while attempting GI cleanse. Patient confused between two bottles and thought she was drinking distilled water and gulped about 8 oz of H2O2. She started vomiting white foam immediately which was followed by bloody vomiting. Her mental status deteriorated rapidly requiring airway protection. She was subsequently found to have erosive esophagitis and pneumomediastinum. HCT was done which showed bilateral frontal hypodensity. On exam patient was drowsy and was not moving any extremities (grade zero power) but had intact brain stem reflexes. MRI of brain showed extensive bilateral cerebral and cerebellar restricted diffusion, primarily in a cortical distribution, not conforming to any particular vascular territory, with sparing of the hippocampi, basal ganglia, and brainstem. She was treated conservatively for her erosive esophagitis and mediastinitis. She slowly regained consciousness but unfortunately she didn’t show much improvement in the power of her extremities and had global aphasia. She was discharged to long term rehabilitation. Conclusions: This case raises awareness of serious side effects of hydrogen peroxide causing fatal complications which warrants awareness among physicians and community so as to avoid morbidity and mortality. Disclosure: Dr. Bhattacharyya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kairamkonda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Onteddu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nalleballe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patrice has nothing to disclose.
Hermann levin goldschmidt. Contradiction set free. Translated by John Koster. London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. 152 pp. + ix. ISBN: 978-1-350-077,979-3

This review explores the complex and nuanced views of Hermann Levin Goldschmidt’s conception of “setting contradiction free” in order to allow for the improvement of human capability. This conception spans a number of issues—politics, ethics, religion, and history being the foremost among them. Goldschmidt’s view belongs to that constellation of thinkers that includes Levinas and Adorno in attempting to give voice to a plurality of viewpoints that may not agree with one another.
Coloniality of White Feminism and Its Transphobia: A Comment on Burt:

In this comment, I challenge Burt’s colonial epistemological framework in her theorizations of sex, gender, and transness. Drawing upon anti-racist, decolonial, and trans of color feminisms, I argu...
David Oliver: Should single rooms be the default for NHS inpatients?

The national medical director for NHS England, Stephen Powis, recently told the House of Commons health and social care committee that, after the pandemic, “single rooms should be the default” for patients in NHS hospitals, to “improve infection control, privacy, dignity, and patient flow issues.”1 Most NHS hospital wards have a mixture of open bays, with multiple beds, and single or double side rooms. With the exception of some recent new builds, the beds in open bays still predominate. Many of our hospitals are decades old and subject to a major maintenance backlog. Insufficient capital has been made available for new builds, upgrades, and redesign. The government has repeatedly promised “40 new hospitals” (sometimes 48), but the Health Service Journal has reported that NHS England’s …
Suppressing meta-holographic artifacts by laser coherence tuning

A metasurface hologram combines fine spatial resolution and large viewing angles with a planar form factor and compact size. However, it suffers coherent artifacts originating from electromagnetic cross-talk between meta-atoms and nanofabrication defects. We introduce an efficient method to remove all artifacts by fine-tuning the spatial coherence of illumination. Our method is implemented with a degenerate cavity laser, which allows precise, continuous tuning of spatial coherence over a wide range with little variation in emission spectrum and total power. We find the optimal degree of spatial coherence to remove the coherent artifacts of a meta-hologram while maintaining the image sharpness.
Acquisition of Software Firms: A Survival Analysis

This paper addresses the factors that determine the survival of young software firms and startups. It specifically focusses on the role of venture capital and organizationally radical innovation in this. The interaction of venture capital investment with the type of innovation pursued by the software firm is shown to jointly increase survival in terms of time to acquisition.
Implementation of a Dish Radar Bias Model for Conjunction Assessment Simulation

Problem Definition: A simulation that accounts for all the data items affecting the trajectory as the Time of Closest Approach (TCA) nears is needed to improve event characterization.
6 – PHOTODIODE DETECTORS

Abstract Photodiodes of certain types are viable radiation detectors in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region and are commonly used as the detectors of choice for radiometric applications. Some aspects of the historical evolution of the technology of these detectors are reviewed. The two general types of photodiodes most often used in this region, photoemissive and semiconducting, are discussed in detail. The most common materials and designs are given, with examples of their spectral response and applications shown. Special precautions necessary for proper use of photodiodes in the vacuum ultraviolet are identified and discussed.
Free surface viscoelastic and liquid crystalline polymer fibers and jets

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various aspects of fibers and filaments that are accessible from slender I-D models. Therefore, it is mainly based on viscoelastic and liquid crystalline polymer fiber. An important issue is a unified derivation of I-D fiber models. Different industrial processes vary widely in the dominant competing physical effects.For a wide range of inviscid, Newtonian viscous, viscoelastic, and liquid crystalline polymer constitutive relations, together with surface tension, gravity, and inertia, a slender fiber perturbation algorithm can be developed that produces all one-dimensional slender, axisymmetric, isothermal and thermal models, as well as several relevant new models. This approach posits a separable radial and axial structure at every order in perturbation, and therefore, has one major advantage as well as disadvantage. The advantage is that the method is algorithmic, can be implemented with symbolic manipulations, and works whenever separable slender flows exist.
Discovery of a glowing millipede in California and the gradual evolution of bioluminescence in Diplopoda

The rediscovery of the Californian millipede Xystocheir bistipita surprisingly reveals that the species is bioluminescent. Using molecular phylogenetics, we show that X. bistipita is the evolutionary sister group of Motyxia, the only genus of New World bioluminescent millipedes. We demonstrate that bioluminescence originated in the group’s most recent common ancestor and evolved by gradual, directional change through diversification. Because bioluminescence in Motyxia has been experimentally demonstrated to be aposematic, forewarning of the animal’s cyanide-based toxins, these results are contrary to aposematic theory and empirical evidence that a warning pattern cannot evolve gradually in unpalatable prey. However, gradual evolution of a warning pattern is plausible if faint light emission served another function and was co-opted as an aposematic signal later in the diversification of the genus. Luminescence in Motyxia stem-group taxa may have initially evolved to cope with reactive oxygen stress triggered by a hot, dry environment and was repurposed for aposematism by high-elevation crown-group taxa colonizing new habitats with varying levels of predation. The discovery of bioluminescence in X. bistipita and its pivotal phylogenetic location provides insight into the independent and repeated evolution of bioluminescence across the tree of life.
Rapid extension of a crack

For a body which is initially in a state of uniform anti-plane shear, the wave motion generated by a rapidly extending crack is analyzed in this paper. It is shown that extension with constant speeds of the crack tips is not consistent with the criterion for brittle fracture, but it is consistent with a fracture criterion related to postulated zones of cohesive tractions near the crack tips.
On-line inquiry under a small-system operating system

Operating systems for small computers are more restricted in their capabilities than those used on larger computers and are generally not designed for multiprogramming. However, some facility is needed to permit such actions as inquiries. This paper discusses an option to a small operating system that permits interruptions of a job, execution of a program to handle an inquiry, and return to the interrupted job. A description of the operating system serves as a basis in discussing the characteristics of the option.
A Robust Class of Tests and Estimates for Multivariate Location

Abstract Hotelling's T 2 test and the sample mean vector for multivariate location suffer from the same lack of robustness as the univariate t test and sample mean. We propose a class of tests and estimates based on a vector of rank statistics and show that they are easy to compute, have good robustness properties, and are usually more efficient than the classical procedures.
HYPERFINE INTERACTION STUDIES OF CHEVREL PHASE SUPERCONDUCTORS

Microscopic studies of the electronic properties of Chevrel phase superconductors are reported. Phonon anomalies at the Sn site in SnMo6Se8, SnMo6Se8 and La0.98Sno.02Mo6Se8 have been investigated. Studies of polarization of conduction electrons by the Eu ion in Eux Snl-xMo6S8 have been performed, and the effects of Such polarization on superconducting properties are discussed.
A Concentration-Dependent Analysis Method for High Density Protein Microarrays

Protein microarray technology is rapidly growing and has the potential to accelerate the discovery of targets of serum antibody responses in cancer, autoimmunity and infectious disease. Analytical tools for interpreting this high-throughput array data, however, are not well-established. We developed a concentration-dependent analysis (CDA) method which normalizes protein microarray data based on the concentration of spotted probes. We show that this analysis samples a data space that is complementary to other commonly employed analyses, and demonstrate experimental validation of 92% of hits identified by the intersection of CDA with other tools. These data support the use of CDA either as a preprocessing step for a more complete proteomic microarray data analysis or as a stand-alone analysis method.