cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance in MOCVD (Ba 0.75 Sr 0.25 )Ti 1+y O 3+z Films

The leakage and dielectric properties of a thickness series (90–480 nm) of {100} fiber-textured MOCVD (Ba 0.75 Sr 0.25 )Ti 1+y O 3+z (BST) thin films on Pt/SiO 2 /Si were investigated. The temperature and voltage dependence of the permittivity were consistent with previous observations, where thinner films demonstrated a suppressed temperature and electric field response that transitioned to a more bulk-like response with increasing film thickness. The current-voltage characteristics showed two distinct regimes. At low fields the current displayed weak field dependence and a monotonic increase with increasing temperature. In contrast, positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) was observed in the high-field leakage current behavior. The PTCR behavior was more pronounced for thicker BST films. Factors contributing to the observed PTCR effect are outlined and contrasted with the description for bulk BaTiO 3 ceramics.
Photoresponse of Tellurium Rich TexSe(1−x) Nonlinear Optical Semiconductors

The optical properties of TexSe(1−x) were studied for x = 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0. The results for variable temperature, polarization sensitive, spectral photoconductivity measurements on oriented single crystals, as well as the energy band gaps and their temperature dependencies are presented. In all cases, the band gap was found to increase with increasing temperature. Analytical expressions describing the temperature dependent behavior are reported. Furthermore, for the first time the characteristic two peak spectrum of tellurium was separated into its two components for incident radiation polarized parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis as a function of temperature. However, two distinct peaks were not discernible in the alloys, with or without polarization, although the signal intensity was slightly polarization dependent.
Penile Prosthesis Surgery in the Treatment of Impotence in the Immunosuppressed Man

Thirteen male diabetic patients on immunosuppressive therapy following organ transplantation underwent implantation of 14 penile prostheses for treatment of organic impotence. Except for extended parenteral antibiotic therapy and increased steroid coverage postoperatively, the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative management in all 13 patients was similar to that of routine penile implantation procedures. No infections or erosion complications were encountered. We conclude that the penile prosthesis should be included in the armamentarium for the treatment of impotence in the immunosuppressed man.
Surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy: Using nanoparticles to detect trace amounts of colorants in works of art

In recent years, powerful physical processes occurring in the vicinity of nanoscale metal surfaces have been exploited in the art world for the detection of trace amounts of colorants with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). With this technique, naturally occurring and man-made organic molecules used as dyes and pigments in objects from antiquity to the present day are being detected with high molecular specificity and unprecedented sensitivity. This chapter reviews the broad spectrum of SERS analytical methodologies and instrumental improvements that have been developed over the years in the field of cultural heritage science, and discusses significant case studies within different types of works of art and archaeological artifacts.
An Experiment with Some Algorithms for Multiple Criteria Decision Making

In this paper we propose an experiment with some approaches for solving multiple criteria decision making problems, using computer simulation. An assumed “true” utility function is used to provide simulated “decision-maker” responses needed by the algorithms. The performance of the algorithms is then discussed.
Cell adhesion proteins in the nonvertebrate eukaryotes.

It is an interesting time to consider the means and roles of cell adhesion in the eukaryotes. There was initial wonder at the results of Wilson’s reports of species-specific reaggregation of sponge cells (Wilson 1907), and Holtfreter’s demonstrations of cell segregation in amphibians (Holtfreter 1943). Later, there were theories about cell adhesion molecules driving histogenesis and differentiation, and speculation about how specificity could be generated (Tyler 1947; Weiss 1947; Roseman 1970). The rise of molecular methods in the 1950s and 1960s revealed that the field was extremely confusing. Various research groups could not agree on results from similar experiments, let alone on their interpretation. This confusion, in fact, stemmed from an unappreciated complexity, with the same cells adhering by different mechanisms, depending on details of cell preparation, timing, and criteria for assay endpoints. It was a great revelation that chick neural cells could adhere to each other in two different reproducible ways, depending on the concentration of Ca2+ present during tissue dissociation (Takeichi et al. 1981). In the past 10 years, we have developed frameworks and rules for understanding cell adhesion at a molecular level, aided by molecular genetics and the ability to compare gene sequences and functions. The emergence of identifiable gene families provides a frame of reference to describe the behavior of cell adhesion molecules.
Media effects on image: The Case of Tibet

Abstract Using media effects research as a theoretical framework, this paper examines empirically the impact of media representations—such as movies, guidebooks, and magazines—on destination image. Past research has focused on either representations or image, but rarely on both. Based on a systematic comparison of the former with the latter, it is argued that the impact of media representations on image falls between a strong and negotiated influence. The analysis is based on data collected from tourists in Lhasa, Tibet. The paper documents tourism issues in a renowned but little studied destination.
Why Is Integrating Emergency Management Essential to Disaster Behavioral Health? Challenges and Opportunities

This chapter addresses why disaster behavioral health (DBH) needs integration with emergency management (EM). All actions in every phase are becoming increasingly formalized and just as in professional sports, nobody plays without not only understanding who owns the team but also agreeing to the owner’s contract. Basically, in order for DBH to do their jobs they must understand the structure and agree to play by EM rules and within EM structures. Those in all specialty fields need to know this and DBH is no exception. The authors explain, through real examples, how DBH practitioners can benefit from the access, information and support that EM can offer.
Networked Authoritarianism and the Geopolitics of Information: Understanding Russian Internet Policy

In the aftermath of the 2016 U.S. election, researchers, policymakers and the general public are grappling with the notion that the 45th president of the United States may very well owe his electoral victory to a sophisticated propaganda effort masterminded by the Kremlin. This article synthesizes existing research on Russia’s domestic information controls, its internet policy at the global level (notably via internet governance processes), and the country’s resurgence as a major geopolitical player to argue that policymakers as well as the general public should consider these themes holistically, particularly as they formulate responses to what many see as the Russian threat to Western liberal democracy. Russia may have lost the Cold War, but it is now waging information warfare against the liberal democracies of Europe and North America in a sophisticated bid to win the next round. Russia does not view internet governance, cybersecurity, and media policy as separate domains. Rather, all the areas covered by those disciplines fall under “information security” for Russian foreign policy. The paper begins by tracing the history of information controls within what is now the Russian Federation before discussing the role of information and internet policy in Russian foreign policy, drawing connections between the Russian government’s control and manipulation of information—including its internet policy—in the domestic and international arenas. Next, it discusses the spread of networked authoritarianism and suggests that a “geopolitics of information” will become increasingly necessary in the coming years. Just as networked authoritarianism establishes strategic infrastructures to control the message domestically and intervene in global media systems, liberal democracies need to rethink media and communication infrastructures to ensure they foster pluralist, rights-respecting societies that are resilient to authoritarianism and extremism. In doing so, they should resist the temptation to respond to this threat in ways that will erode democracy even further, such as expanded surveillance and limits on free expression.
Altered Network Topology in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors After Fractionated Radiotherapy.

Abstract Radiation therapy (RT) is a critical treatment modality for patients with brain tumors, although it can cause adverse effects. Recent data suggest that brain RT is associated with dose-dependent cortical atrophy, which could disrupt neocortical networks. This study examines whether brain RT affects structural network properties in brain tumor patients. We applied graph theory to MRI-derived cortical thickness estimates of 54 brain tumor patients before and after RT. Cortical surfaces were parcellated into 68 regions and correlation matrices were created for patients pre- and post-RT. Significant changes in graph network properties were tested using nonparametric permutation tests. Linear regressions were conducted to measure the association between dose and changes in nodal network connectivity. Increases in transitivity, modularity, and global efficiency (n = 54, p < 0.0001) were all observed in patients post-RT. Decreases in local efficiency (n = 54, p = 0.007) and clustering coefficient (n = 5...
Erratum to: First human use of hybrid synthetic/biologic mesh in ventral hernia repair: a multicenter trial

Some values in the pages 1, 3, and 5 of the original article are corrected and also an updated Table 5 is displayed.
Structure of a Thermostable Group II Intron Reverse Transcriptase with Template-Primer and Its Functional and Evolutionary Implications.

Bacterial group II intron reverse transcriptases (RTs) function in both intron mobility and RNA splicing and are evolutionary predecessors of retrotransposon, telomerase, and retroviral RTs as well as the spliceosomal protein Prp8 in eukaryotes. Here we determined a crystal structure of a full-length thermostable group II intron RT in complex with an RNA template-DNA primer duplex and incoming deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) at 3.0-A resolution. We find that the binding of template-primer and key aspects of the RT active site are surprisingly different from retroviral RTs but remarkably similar to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. The structure reveals a host of features not seen previously in RTs that may contribute to distinctive biochemical properties of group II intron RTs, and it provides a prototype for many related bacterial and eukaryotic non-LTR retroelement RTs. It also reveals how protein structural features used for reverse transcription evolved to promote the splicing of both group II and spliceosomal introns.
Launching Anxious Young Adults: A Specialized Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Transitional Aged Youth.

Purpose of review There has been growing clinical and research attention to the unique developmental stage of emerging adulthood. This stage is a time of significant change and growth for all individuals, as it includes identity exploration, emotional, behavioral, and financial independence from caregivers, and completion of educational or vocational requirements. Recent findings Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health diagnoses among emerging adults, and individuals suffering from these disorders often experience compounding functional impairments across health, financial, and social domains. While evidence-based treatments exist for both child/adolescent anxiety disorders and adult anxiety disorders, no specialized assessment or treatment methods have been established for the unique period of emerging adulthood. Our review examines literature pertinent to anxiety disorders in emerging adulthood and describes a novel, specialized intervention to address the unique challenges faced by anxious emerging adults. The Launching Emerging Adults Program (LEAP) is a developmentally informed cognitive-behavioral treatment model that aims to simultaneously reduce anxiety symptoms and promote independence. We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned and future directions.
High-resolution local field potentials measured with deep brain stimulation arrays

Objective Local field potential (LFP) recordings along a deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead can provide useful feedback for titrating DBS therapy. However, conventional DBS leads with four cylindrical macroelectrodes likely undersample the spatial distribution of sinks and sources in a given brain region. In this study, we investigated the spectral power and spatial feature sizes of LFP activity in non-human primate subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus using chronically implanted 32-channel directional DBS arrays. Approach Subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus LFP signals were recorded from directional DBS arrays in the resting state and during a reach-and-retrieval task in two non-human primates in naive and parkinsonian conditions. LFP recordings were compared amongst bipolar pairs of electrodes using individual and grouped electrode configurations, with the latter mimicking the cylindrical macroelectrode configurations used in current clinical LFP recordings. Main results Recordings from these DBS arrays showed that (1) beta oscillations have spatial 'fingerprints' in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus, and (2) that these oscillations were muted when grouping electrode contacts together to create cylindrical macroelectrodes similar in relative dimension to those used clinically. Further, these maps depended on parkinsonian condition and whether the subject was resting or performing a motor task. Significance Development of future closed-loop DBS therapies that rely on LFP feedback will benefit from implanting DBS arrays with electrode sizes and spacings that are more consistent with the dimensions of oscillatory sinks and sources within the brain.
High protein consumption in trained women: bad to the bone?

It has been posited that the consumption of extra protein (> 0.8 g/kg/d) may be deleterious to bone mineral content. However, there is no direct evidence to show that consuming a high-protein diet results in a demineralization of the skeleton. Thus, the primary endpoint of this randomized controlled trial was to determine if a high-protein diet affected various parameters of whole body and lumbar bone mineral content in exercise-trained women. Twenty-four women volunteered for this 6-month investigation (n = 12 control, n = 12 high-protein). The control group was instructed to consume their habitual diet; however, the high-protein group was instructed to consume ≥2.2 g of protein per kilogram body weight daily (g/kg/d). Body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subjects were instructed to keep a food diary via the mobile app MyFitnessPal®. Exercise or activity level was not controlled. Subjects were asked to maintain their current levels of exercise. During the 6-month treatment period, there was a significant difference in protein intake between the control and high-protein groups (mean±SD; control: 1.5±0.3, high-protein: 2.8±1.1 g/kg/d); however, there were no differences in the consumption total calories, carbohydrate or fat. Whole body bone mineral density did not change in the control (pre: 1.22±0.08, post: 1.22±0.09 g/cm2) or high-protein group (pre: 1.25±0.11, post: 1.24±0.10 g/cm2). Similarly, lumbar bone mineral density did not change in the control (pre: 1.08±0.16, post: 1.05±0.13 g/cm2) or high-protein group (pre: 1.07±0.11, post: 1.08±0.12 g/cm2). In addition, there were no changes in whole body or lumbar T-Scores in either group. Furthermore, there were no changes in fat mass or lean body mass. Despite an 87% higher protein intake (high-protein versus control), 6 months of a high-protein diet had no effect on whole body bone mineral density, lumbar bone mineral density, T-scores, lean body mass or fat mass.
Counterintuitive Demons: Pazuzu and Lamaštu in Iconography, Text, and Cognition

This paper examines the demons Pazuzu and Lamastu from a cognitive science perspective. As hybrid creatures, the iconography of these demons combines an array of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic properties, and is therefore marked by a high degree of conceptual complexity. In a technical sense, they are what cognitive researchers refer to as radically “counterintuitive” representations. However, highly complex religious concepts are difficult in terms of cognitive processing, memory, and transmission, and, as a result, are prone to being spontaneously simplified in structure. Accordingly, there is reason to expect that the material images of Pazuzu and Lamastu differed from the corresponding mental images of these demons. Specifically, it is argued here that in ancient cognition and memory, the demons would have been represented in a more cognitively optimal manner. This hypothesis is further supported by a detailed consideration of the full repertoire of iconographic and textual sources.
Teaching the Queer Character of Racism

My argument will be straightforward if queer: racism is, in some sense, an "affair" between men. Of course, racism is not only an affair between men. Women have been very much victims: White men's assaults on Black women from slavery to the present is, for instance, well known. Nor I am suggesting that "race" can be reduced to gender; it cannot. But it does have to do with sex and desire, as the study of lynching and interracial prisons make plain.
Yellow Corneal Rings, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Carotenoid Supplementation and Metabolism

Abstract The transparency and proximity of the limbal circulation predisposes the peripheral cornea to the deposition of pigment from the systemic circulation. The substances deposited in the peripheral cornea range from heavy metals such as copper in Kayser-Fleischer rings to cholesterol in arcus to yellow rings secondary to consumption of great quantities of carotenoids. These yellow rings have been described in cases of excessive consumption of foods and nutritional supplements rich in carotenoids. Often, these nutritional supplements are used in patients with macular degeneration. The significance of these rings is not clear, but it likely represents a benign finding. Another possibility is that these rings are a marker for underlying systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, nephrotic syndrome, or liver disease, which increase serum lipids and cause hypercarotenemia via impaired conversion of β-carotene into retinol. The related metabolism of vitamin A and carotenoids is also discussed here.
Migrational Instability in Shear-Thinning Suspensions

This work deals with an instability arising from the shear-induced migration of particles in dense suspensions coupled with a dependence of viscosity on particle concentration. As an extension of a recent work by the present author treating the inertialess (Re = 0) linear stability of homogeneous simple shear flow, the current article includes shear-thinning effects. Depending on the importance of shear-induced migration relative to concentration-driven diffusion, the short-wave instability found in the previous work is shown to be enhanced by shear thinning. Such instability would lead ultimately to a two-phase structure, involving particle-rich regions in dynamic equilibrium with particle-depleted regions, which in the case of pipe flow should result in a “core-annular” structure, with viscous core surrounded by a less viscous lubricating layer.
Transplantation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive, nucleic acid test negative donor kidneys to HCV negative patients frequently results in seroconversion but not HCV viremia

Anecdotal reports have suggested that transplantation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive (Ab+)/nucleic acid test negative (NAT-) donor kidneys into HCV negative recipients is not associated with HCV transmission. We reviewed our center's outcomes of 32 HCV negative patients who received kidney allografts from 25 donors who were HCV Ab+/NAT-. The mean recipient age was 56.9 ± 12.1 years and the mean donor age was 41.5 ± 14 years, with a median Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) of 68%. Twelve donors (48%) met Public Health Service (PHS) increased risk status. All patients received antithymocyte globulin induction followed by tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroid maintenance immunosuppression. With a mean follow-up posttransplant of 10 ± 2.7 months, 1- and 3- month serum creatinine levels were 1.7 ± 0.8 and 1.3 ± 0.4, respectively, and patient and graft survival rates were 100% and 97%, respectively. Fourteen patients (44%) seroconverted and became HCV Ab+ posttransplant. However, all 32 patients were HCV RNA negative at 1- and 3- months posttransplant, and 27 and 8 patients tested at 6- and 12-months posttransplant, respectively, remain HCV RNA negative. In conclusion, transplantation of HCV Ab+/NAT- kidneys to HCV negative recipients frequently causes HCV Ab seroconversion but not HCV viremia.
David Oliver: Private GPs-a manufactured media scandal?

During a weekend working on the acute medical unit I noticed a visitor reading a copy of the Mail on Sunday . A prominent headline caught my eye: “Can’t get in to see your doctor? Highly paid GPs accused of driving up waiting times by favouring lucrative private clients over NHS patients.” At home that evening I looked up the piece on the Mail ’s website.1 Three bold bullet points lay below the headline: “Many doctors work part time for the NHS, taking time out to see private patients”; “One in 30 GP consultations is privately paid for, netting doctors £550m a year”; and “A pressure group said it was ‘pretty obvious’ NHS patients would wait longer.” What substance …
An Epicurean “Measure of Wealth” in Horace, Satires 1.1

The following study draws evidence from the fragmentary treatises of Philodemus of Gadara in order to explore the moral content of Satires 1.1 with respect to wealth administration. I provide a reading of this poem that underscores Horace9s effective synthesis of Greek thought and Roman culture, which is made possible by the influence of contemporary philosophical treatments that were tailored to fit the concerns of wealthy Romans. Furthermore, I offer an alternative to the many references previous scholars have made to Aristotle and the Cynics by elucidating Horace9s economic message, which, being totally consistent with the details of Philodemus9 economic concerns, is in many ways more Epicurean than anything else.
Border crossings and the remaking of Latin American Cold War Studies

ABSTRACTThis essay reviews the burgeoning literature on Latin America’s distinctive variant of the Cold War since about 2000. First, it examines a watershed of recent collaborations between Latin A...
Quantitative analysis of the distal, lateral, and posterior articular branches of the axillary nerve to the shoulder: implications for intervention

Introduction The terminal sensory branches innervating the shoulder joint are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of shoulder pain. This cadaveric study investigated in detail the anatomic pathway of the posterior terminal sensory branch of the axillary nerve (AN) and its relationship to nearby anatomic structures for applications, such as nerve block or ablation of the shoulder joint. Methods For this study, nine shoulders were dissected. Following dissection, methylene blue was used to stain the pathway of the terminal sensory branches of the AN to provide a visual relationship to the nearby bony structures. A transparent grid was overlaid on the humeral head to provide further detailed information regarding the innervation to the shoulder joint. Results Eight of the nine shoulders displayed terminal sensory branches of the AN. The terminal sensory branches of the AN innervated the posterolateral head of the humerus and shoulder capsule and were deep and distal to the motor branches innervating the deltoid muscle and teres minor muscle. All terminal branches dissected innervated the shoulder capsule at the posteroinferior-lateral aspect of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. All specimens displayed innervation to the shoulder joint in the lateral most 25% and inferior most 37.5% before methylene blue staining. Conclusion The terminal sensory branches of the AN consistently innervate the inferior and lateral aspects of the posterior humeral head and shoulder capsule. These nerves are easily accessible and would provide a practical target for nerve block or ablation to relieve shoulder pain without compromising motor integrity.
Chemistry and Enzymology Encoded by the Human Microbiome

Abstract This article focuses on the “second genome” in humans (the microbiome) and on the potential enzymatic and metabolic capacity it encodes. Selected microbial enzymatic functions are discussed in detail, with special attention toward the biosynthesis of specialized natural products, resistance mechanisms against host and bacterial-derived antagonists, and chemical modifications of foreign scaffolds. We place these individual chemical interactions in the context of complex host-bacteria communities, highlighting important examples relating to human health and disease. Overall, the goal of this article is to offer the reader a window into some of the recent developments in microbiome chemical ecology and to outline some future directions for the field.
For CLL cells, there’s no place like home

An important distinction in oncology is the division between liquid tumors, in which the mobile nature of neoplastic cells is a fundamental aspect of their identity from the time of cancer initiati...
Chromatin Structure and the Pioneering Transcription Factor FOXA1 Regulate TDG-Mediated Removal of 5-Formylcytosine from DNA

Although a functional relationship between active DNA demethylation and chromatin structure is often implied, direct experimental evidence is lacking. We investigated the relationship between chromatin structure and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) using chemically defined nucleosome arrays containing site-specifically positioned 5-formylcytosine (5fC) residues. We show that the extent of array compaction, as well as nucleosome positioning, dramatically influence the ability of TDG to excise 5fC from DNA, indicating that the chromatin structure is likely a key determinant of whether 5fC is removed from the genome or retained as an epigenetic mark. Furthermore, the H2A.Z/H3.3 double-variant nucleosome and the pioneering transcription factor forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), both of which are implicated in shaping the chromatin landscape during demethylation of tissue-specific enhancers, differentially regulate TDG activity on chromatin. Together, this work provides the first direct evidence that the higher order chromatin structure regulates active DNA demethylation through TDG and provides novel insights into the mechanism of 5fC turnover at enhancers.
Semi-supervised Constrained Hidden Markov Model Using Multiple Sensors for Remaining Useful Life Prediction and Optimal Predictive Maintenance: for Remaining Useful Life Prediction and Optimal Predictive Maintenance

Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation is critical in many engineering systems where proper predictive maintenance is needed to increase a unit's effectiveness and reduce time and cost of repairing. Typically for such systems, multiple sensors are normally used to monitor performance, which create difficulties for system state identification. In this paper, we develop a semi-supervised left-to-right constrained Hidden Markov Model (HMM) model, which is effective in estimating the RUL, while capturing the jumps among states in condition dynamics. In addition, based on the HMM model learned from multiple sensors, we build a Partial Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) to demonstrate how such RUL estimation can be effectively used for optimal preventative maintenance decision making. We apply this technique to the NASA Engine degradation data and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Compassion fatigue, emotional labor, and emotional display among hospice nurses

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between compassion fatigue, emotional labor, and emotional display among hospice nurses (N = 90; 94.4% women). The hospice nurses indicate...
Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and Ethnobotany for Wind River Reservation Rangelands

The need to affirm and revitalize cultural knowledge of native plant communities is impera-tive for Indigenous people. This ethnobotanical study documents Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) structured from an Indigenous paradigm by exploring the connection be-tween plants collected in two high-elevation basins and tribal members on the Wind River Indian Reservation (WRIR). We sought to qualitatively understand the plant resources by looking through the lens of Indigenous language and perspectives. Existing names of the ba-sin plants in both the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho languages were compiled through an ethnobotanical literature review, seven in-person interviews with Eastern Sho-shone and Northern Arapaho tribal members, and attendance at language workshops. We documented 53 Eastern Shoshone and 44 Northern Arapaho plant names, respectively. His-torical impacts of past Federal Indian policy eras have shaped TEK as it currently exists within tribal communities. Both tribes used and had Indigenous names for Northern sweetgrass (Hierochloe hirta ssp. hirta), bitterroot (Lewisia rediviva), junipers (Juniperus ssp.), and bear-berry or Kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi). The resiliency of TEK is attributed to the perse-verance of Indigenous people continuing to practice and teach traditions. The historical con-text specific to both the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho tribes and their languages are important for enhancing our current understanding of the ethnobotanical TEK of plants on the WRIR. Recognizing the value of ethnobotanical TEK and incorporating it into natural resource management plans and decisions can bridge diverse perspectives on land use for meaningful collaboration with tribal communities.
Queer Isolation or Queering Isolation? Reflecting upon the Ramifications of COVID-19 on the Future of Queer Leisure Spaces

The introduction of “social distancing” and quarantine orders in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have temporarily limited the ability for queer communities to engage in physical forms of social l...
Overview of Interactive Staff Training

Currently, a classroom-based model dominates staff training of psychiatric rehabilitation, with the individual staff member as the focus of training and teaching state-of-the-art interventions as the goal. However, given the various limitations of educational approaches on personnel and program development, the model that governs staff training efforts needs to be broadened. Two paradigm shifts are needed to assure that rehabilitation innovations are adopted and regularly implemented by the treatment team. The two different paradigms are summarized in Figure 3.1. These paradigms form the basis of an alternative to traditional staff training: interactive staff training (IST).
Hot self-similar relativistic MHD flows

We consider axisymmetric relativistic jets with a toroidal magnetic field and an ultrarelativistic equation of state, with the goal of studying the lateral structure of jets whose pressure is matched to the pressure of the medium through which they propagate. We find all self-similar steady-state solutions of the relativistic MHD equations for this setup. One of the solutions is the case of a parabolic jet being accelerated by the pressure gradient as it propagates through a medium with pressure declining as p(z)\propto z^{-2}. As the jet material expands due to internal pressure gradients, it runs into the ambient medium resulting in a pile-up of material along the jet boundary, while the magnetic field acts to produce a magnetic pinch along the axis of the jet. Such jets can be in a lateral pressure equilibrium only if their opening angle \theta_j at distance z is smaller than about 1/\gamma, where \gamma is the characteristic bulk Lorentz-factor at this distance; otherwise, different parts of the jet cannot maintain causal contact. We construct maps of optically thin synchrotron emission from our self-similar models. We suggest that the boundary pile-up may be the reason for the limb-brightening of the sub-parsec jet of M87. We find that if the synchrotron emissivity falls with the distance from the jet axis, the polarization fraction rises toward the edge, as seen in 3C273 and Mkn501. Projection effects and the emissivity pattern of the jet have a strong effect on the observed polarization signal, so the interpretation of the polarization data in terms of the geometry of magnetic fields is rather uncertain. For example, jets with toroidal magnetic fields display the `spine-sheath' polarization angle pattern seen in some BL Lac objects.
Slavery and utopia. The wars & dreams of an Amazonian world transformer: by Fernando Santos-Granero, Austin, University of Texas Press, 2018, figures, notes, bibliography, xliv + 285pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781477317143

Slavery and Utopia is the fascinating biography of a man about whom very little is known. What we do know about Jose Carlos Amaringo Chico, also called Tasorentsi (c. 1875–1958), is often mired in ...
Modeling and computation of multistep batch testing for infectious diseases.

We propose a mathematical model based on probability theory to optimize COVID-19 testing by a multistep batch testing approach with variable batch sizes. This model and simulation tool dramatically increase the efficiency and efficacy of the tests in a large population at a low cost, particularly when the infection rate is low. The proposed method combines statistical modeling with numerical methods to solve nonlinear equations and obtain optimal batch sizes at each step of tests, with the flexibility to incorporate geographic and demographic information. In theory, this method substantially improves the false positive rate and positive predictive value as well. We also conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to verify this theory. Our simulation results show that our method significantly reduces the false negative rate. More accurate assessment can be made if the dilution effect or other practical factors are taken into consideration. The proposed method will be particularly useful for the early detection of infectious diseases and prevention of future pandemics. The proposed work will have broader impacts on medical testing for contagious diseases in general.
Data Quality for Machine Learning Tasks

The quality of training data has a huge impact on the efficiency, accuracy and complexity of machine learning tasks. Data remains susceptible to errors or irregularities that may be introduced during collection, aggregation or annotation stage. This necessitates profiling and assessment of data to understand its suitability for machine learning tasks and failure to do so can result in inaccurate analytics and unreliable decisions. While researchers and practitioners have focused on improving the quality of models, there are limited efforts towards improving the data quality. Assessing the quality of the data across intelligently designed metrics and developing corresponding transformation operations to address the quality gaps helps to reduce the effort of a data scientist for iterative debugging of the ML pipeline to improve model performance. This tutorial highlights the importance of analysing data quality in terms of its value for ML applications. Finding the data quality issues in data helps different personas like data stewards, data scientists, subject matter experts, or machine learning scientists to get relevant data insights and take remedial actions to rectify any issue. This tutorial surveys all the important data quality related approaches for structured, unstructured and spatio-temporal domains discussed in literature, focusing on the intuition behind them, highlighting their strengths and similarities, and illustrates their applicability to real-world problems. Finally we will discuss the interesting work IBM Research is doing in this space.
A high-resolution study of the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of CS: the B1Σ+−X1Σ+ system

Abstract A high-resolution, vacuum ultraviolet absorption study of CS was performed. CS absorption features in the 1280 to 1550-A region were photographed and measured. Four bands (0-0, 1-0, 2-0, 1-1) of the 12C32S B1Σ+-X1Σ+ system were observed, plus the 1-0 bandheads of 13C32S and 12C34S. A rotational analysis of the 12C32S 1-0 band, the only band with resolved rotational structure, was completed. The other bands in the B-X system were observed to be diffuse, presumably because of predissociation of the B1Σ+ state. The derived equilibrium molecular constants of the B1Σ+ state were found to be close in value to those of the 2Σ+ ground state of the CS+ ion, indicating that the B1Σ+ state is a Rydberg state of CS. All absorption features shortward of the B-X system were found to be diffuse. Descriptions and wavenumbers of these features, which are tentatively identified as CS transitions, are presented.
Integrin α4 Enhances Metastasis and May Be Associated with Poor Prognosis in MYCNlow Neuroblastoma

High-risk neuroblastoma is associated with an overall survival rate of 30-50%. Neuroblastoma-expressed cell adhesion receptors of the integrin family impact cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and survival. Integrin α4 is essential for neural crest cell motility during development, is highly expressed on leukocytes, and is critical for transendothelial migration. Thus, cancer cells that express this receptor may exhibit increased metastatic potential. We show that α4 expression in human and murine neuroblastoma cell lines selectively enhances in vitro interaction with the alternatively spliced connecting segment 1 of fibronectin, as well as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and increases migration. Integrin α4 expression enhanced experimental metastasis in a syngeneic tumor model, reconstituting a pattern of organ involvement similar to that seen in patients. Accordingly, antagonism of integrin α4 blocked metastasis, suggesting adhesive function of the integrin is required. However, adhesive function was not sufficient, as mutants of integrin α4 that conserved the matrix-adhesive and promigratory function in vitro were compromised in their metastatic capacity in vivo. Clinically, integrin α4 is more frequently expressed in non-MYNC amplified tumors, and is selectively associated with poor prognosis in this subset of disease. These results reveal an unexpected role for integrin α4 in neuroblastoma dissemination and identify α4 as a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target.
21 Imaging of the Spine in Victims of Trauma

Cervical spine imaging is not necessary in subjects with all five of the following: (1) absence of posterior midline tenderness, (2) absence of focal neurologic deficit, (3) normal level of alertness, (4) no evidence of intoxication, and (5) absence of painful distracting injury (strong evidence). Computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine is cost-effective as the initial imaging strategy in patients at high probability of fracture (neurologic deficit, head injury, high energy mechanism) who are already to undergo head CT (moderate evidence). No adequate data exist on the appropriate cervical spine evaluation in subjects who cannot be examined due to a head injury (insufficient evidence). Imaging of the thoracolumbar spine is not necessary in blunt trauma patients with all five of the following: (1) absence of thoracolumbar back pain, (2) absence of thoracolumbar spine tenderness on midline palpation, (3) normal level of alertness, (4) absence of distracting injury, and (5) no evidence of intoxication (moderate evidence).
Interdependence of parameters important to the design of subsonic canard-configured aircraft

An analysis is made of the interrelationship of the longitudinal parameters important to the aerodynamic design of an efficient canard or tandem wing configuration. It is shown that theoretical configuration span efficiencies substantially greater than one are feasible with the proper choice of parameters. This improvement can translate into significantly increased lift/drag ratios assuming fixed spans. The Prandtl-Munk relationship for induced drag is used as a convenient qualitative guide, with stability and trim criteria superimposed. An 'aspect-ratio ratio' parameter is introduced to aid in optimizing a configuration longitudinally. It is shown that a canard/wing 'aspect-ratio ratio' of approximately 3/2 to 2 is necessary to achieve peak span efficiency for a given span ratio and gap, assuming representative parameters.
Detoxification of Salmonella typhimurium Lipopolysaccharide by Ionizing Radiation

The efficiency of ionizing radiation in detoxifying the lethal determinant(s) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and Escherichia coli in aqueous solution and associated with heat-killed S. typhimurium cells in suspension decreased with doses above 1 Mrad. The 50% end point of inactivation was more than 7.0 Mrad for heat-killed salmonellae and 4.8, 4.5, and 1.0 Mrad for the LPS of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and E. coli, respectively. After exposure to 20 Mrad, S. typhimurium LPS retained a small portion of its lethal properties although the ld50 was much greater than 9.5 mg per 20-g mouse. However, at −184 C, no inactivation of the lethal determinant(s) occurred after exposure to as much as 20 Mrad. This demonstrated the significance of the indirect effect and the mobility and formation of free radicals. At 22 C, the optical density at 400 mμ increased and the pH decreased with increasing radiation dose, but no qualitative changes were observed in the infrared spectrum. No change was observed in the pyrogenicity of S. typhimurium LPS; a slight decrease in antigenicity was revealed when 6 days, but not when 1 day, elapsed between vaccination and challenge in the mouse protection test. The results were interpreted as evidence of the existence of two or more lethal and antigenic determinants. The differential effect of radiation on these properties and on the pyrogenic component(s) probably are indicative of separate functional sites for lethal, antigenic, and pyrogenic activities.
Algorithms for Reliability-Based Optimal Design

We present a new formulation for a class of structural optimization problems with reliability constraints, which makes it possible to use a new outer approximations algorithm for their solution. Our numerical results support the viability of our approach.
CHAC1 degrades glutathione, sensitizing cells to oxidative injury (663.10)

CHAC1 is a pro-apoptotic member of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. The yeast homologue (YER163c) is the first known cytosolic protein to actively degrade glutathione (GSH), the most abund...
LDU parameterized discrete-time multivariable MRAC and application to a web cache system

This paper first develops a multivariable discrete-time model reference adaptive control scheme with relaxed design conditions based on an LDU decomposition of the system high frequency gain matrix, and then applies the adaptive control scheme to a web cache system to provide proportional differentiation on average hit rates of different content classes of client requests. A key task fulfilled is system modeling. With the measured relative cache hit ratios as outputs and the content class storage space ratios as inputs, a multivariable dynamic web cache model is derived and experimentally verified via recursive system identification using real system data for a 2-input 2-output case. Based on this model, the adaptive control scheme is implemented for feedback control of the chosen web cache. Experimental results show an evident promise of an effective new approach of using adaptive control in web cache systems for performance guarantees in the presence of system uncertainties.
A Massive Halo of Warm Baryons in the Coma Cluster

Several deep PSPC observations of the Coma cluster reveal a very large-scale halo of soft X-ray emission, substantially in excess of the well known radiation from the hot intra-cluster medium. The excess emission, previously reported in the central region of the cluster using lower-sensitivity EUVE and ROSAT data, is now evident out to a radius of 2.6 Mpc, demonstrating that the soft excess radiation from clusters is a phenomenon of cosmological significance. The X-ray spectrum at these large radii cannot be modeled non-thermally, but is consistent with the original scenario of thermal emission from warm gas at ~ 106 K. The mass of the warm gas is on par with that of the hot X-ray emitting plasma, and significantly more massive if the warm gas resides in low-density filamentary structures.
Some Examples of Toric Sasaki—Einstein Manifolds

A series of examples of toric Sasaki-Einstein 5-manifolds is constructed, which first appeared in the author’s Ph.D. thesis [40]. These are submanifolds of the toric 3-Sasakian 7-manifolds of C. Boyer and K. Galicki. And there is a unique toric quasi-regular Sasaki-Einstein 5-manifold associated to every simply connected toric 3-Sasakian 7-manifold. Using 3-Sasakian reduction as in [7,8], an infinite series of examples is constructed of each odd second Betti number. They are all diffeomorphic to #kM ∞, where M ∞ = S 2 × S 3, for k odd. We then make use of the same framework to construct positive Ricci curvature toric Sasakian metrics on the manifolds X ∞# kM ∞ appearing in the classification of simply connected smooth 5-manifolds due to Smale and Barden. These manifolds are not spin, thus do not admit Sasaki-Einstein metrics. They are already known to admit toric Sasakian metrics (cf. [9]) that are not of positive Ricci curvature. We then make use of the join construction of C. Boyer and K. Galicki first appearing in [6], see also [9], to construct infinitely many toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds with arbitrarily high second Betti number of every dimension 2m + 1 ≥ 5. This is in stark contrast with the analogous case of Fano manifolds in even dimensions.