cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Antibodies After Vaccination in Pediatric Heart Transplantation: A First Report

Abstract There is a paucity of data regarding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children after solid organ transplant. We retrospectively reviewed the SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG antibodies measured following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination at our pediatric heart transplant (HTx) center. Among patients (median age 17.1 years) in whom antibody testing was performed (median 118 days post-vaccine completion), a SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG antibody was detected in 28/40 (70%) post-HTx recipients (median antibody level 10.9 AU/mL). Neutropenia, diabetes mellitus, and previous use of rituximab were associated with absence of a detectable antibody. All 7 post-HTx patients with a known pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 viral infection had a detectable SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG. All 12 vaccinated pre-HTx patients had a detectable antibody (median antibody level 11.6 AU/mL) including 5 patients that maintained detectable antibodies post-HTx. There were no cases of myocarditis among the total of 17 pre-HTx and 81 post-HTx patients that underwent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Community-driven mining heritage in the Cuyuna Iron Mining District: Past, present, and future projects

Abstract The Cuyuna Iron Mining Range is a former North American mining district located about 90 miles (145 km) west of Duluth in Central Minnesota. The district is the furthest south and west of the three Minnesota iron ranges (Vermillion, Mesabi, and Cuyuna). It was a strategic supplier of iron ores with the qualities needed by North American steel mills in two world wars. After the rapid decline of mining in the Cuyuna Range during late 1960s; however, much of the mining infrastructure was abandoned. A landscape of former mine communities and scenic lakes where mine pits once were located now remains, but unlike Minnesota's other two major iron mining ranges, very little has been done identify and promote features of the Cuyuna's mining heritage to a wider audience. This paper examines the surviving features of the Cuyuna Iron Range that made this district important. It reports findings from surveys of seven iron mining communities which aimed to broaden the understanding of important local sites. The data generated from this effort are being used to inform plans for cultural tourism focused on the iron mining heritage of the Cuyuna Iron Range.
Algebra and Coalgebra Objects in Categories, and Functors Having Adjoints

This final chapter begins by proving the marvelous result of Peter Freyd, that a functor from any category C having with small colimits to any variety V of algebras has a left adjoint if and only if it is represented by a V -coalgebra object of C. Using this approach, descriptions of all such functors from monoids to monoids, and from K -modules to L-modules for arbitrary rings K and L, are obtained. Some general restrictions on representable functors are noted (which show, for instance, that there can be no such nontrivial functors from semigroups to monoids, or from groups to unital rings). We examine briefly contravariant representable functors among varieties of algebras, noting some open questions about these.
Phosphorylation of plant plasma membrane proteins in response to oligosaccharides that regulate proteinase inhibitor gene expression

Oligo- and polygalacturonides can signal the induction of the expression of defensive genes in tissues of plants from at least 8 families (Bishop et al 1984; West et al 1984; Darvill and Albersheim 1984). In dicotyledonous plants polygalacturonides are major constituents of the primary cell wall and oligomeric fragments are released in response to pathogen or insect attacks. The nature of the polygalacturonic acid (PGA) oligomers that are released in vivo, and how they interact with target cells to effect gene expression, is poorly understood. Among the chemicals produced in response to oligo- and polygalacturonides are proteins that inhibit the serine class of proteinases (Bishop et al 1981; Ryan 1987). The biochemical basis for signalling processes that regulate the synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in response to insect attacks has been a major focus of this laboratory for several years (Bishop et al 1981; Ryan 1987).
Adaptive Pulse Width Control for Precise Positioning under Influence of Stiction and Coulomb Friction

The conventional linear digital control fails to provide precise positioning of a control object under the influence of static friction, Coulomb friction and backlash. This paper presents an adaptive pulse width control (PWC) scheme. This scheme is developed based on the relationship between the displacement of a control object due to a single pulse input and the pulse width. The coefficient appearing in this relationship is estimated by a parameter adaptation algorithm. Sufficient conditions for asymtotic stability of this adaptive scheme is developed using Popov hyperstability theorem. This adaptive PWC is tested on a laboratory positioning table and is shown to be effective.
Cross‐Functional Team

New-product development is a team activity in most firms. Cross-functional teams, made up of representatives from many different functional areas, are responsible for new-product development since so many kinds of skills are required for new-product success. Inevitably, issues come up at the interfaces among the various functional areas, and how the firm handles team conflict is related to the team's ultimate innovative success. Furthermore, the interface issues are compounded if the team is global; an increasing number of firms are currently dealing with the difficulties in managing global teams. Keywords: cross-functional team; marketing–RD team management; globally dispersed team; managing conflict
XY gonadal dysgenesis in three siblings.

Abstract Three tall, phenotypic female siblings with XY gonadal dysgenesis were found to have short fourth metacarpal bones (bilateral in two and unilateral in the other). Clitoromegaly was observed in the two older siblings, without hirsutism. Bilateral streak gonads were found in all three. A gonadoblastoma was present in the left streak gonad of the youngest, and an adenomatoid tumor in the left streak gonad of the oldest, who was diabetic. Determination of androgens from peripheral and gonadal venous plasma revealed androgen secretion by the streak gonads. On the basis of clinical findings, familial tendency, and androgen secretion from the streak gonads in these patients, it is proposed that the XY gonadal dysgenesis represents a severe from of male pseudohermaphroditism.
Composition of Motion Description Languages

We introduce a new formalism to compose interacting heterogeneous systems described by extended motion description languages ( mdl es). The novelty lies in producing a composed system whose behavior could be a superset of the union of the behaviors of its generators. In the class of systems modeled using mdl es, the composition operator is closed, and language equivalence can be decidable. Our approach consists of representing mdl es as normed processes, recursively defined as a guarded system of recursion equations in restricted Greibach Normal Form over a basic process algebra. Basic processes have well defined semantics for composition, which we exploit to establish the properties of our composed mdl es.
A sensitive and convenient method for lipoprotein profile analysis of individual mouse plasma samples

A simple and convenient method to determine plasma cholesterol profiles in individual mouse plasma sam- ples is not presently available. With commonly used meth- ods, plasma samples from several animals in a study group must often be pooled and analyzed, usually by the fast phase liquid chromatography (FPLC) method. The Column Lipoprotein Profile (or CLiP) method described here is a modification of the FPLC method that provides a simple and convenient procedure for determining plasma lipopro- tein cholesterol profiles in small sample volumes, allowing determination of profiles from individual animals rather than from pooled plasma. The CLiP method is reproduc- ible; a human sample measured five times over several days produced coefficients of variation as follows: VLDL, 10.0%; LDL, 0.93%; and HDL, 2.51%. CLiP-derived total choles- terol values of five different human samples (with total cho- lesterol levels ranging from 198 to 263 mg/dL) differed from VAP-II by 2 1.88% 6 2.57%. Linearity of differing concentrations for each of the lipoprotein classes was deter- mined by measuring the same sample with different aliquot sizes. The linear regression from VLDL had an r value of 0.996, while LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol all had r values of greater than 0.999. We present a direct compari- son of plasma cholesterol profiles from several mouse models with gene modification or expression of transgenic proteins. In conclusion, the CLiP method provides a sim- ple, reliable, and reproducible procedure for determination of plasma cholesterol profiles from individual plasma sam- ples with very low sample volumes, using readily available equipment and reagents. —Garber, D. W., K. R. Kulkarni, and G. M. Anantharamaiah. A sensitive and convenient method for lipoprotein profile analysis of individual mouse plasma samples. J. Lipid Res. 41: 1020-1026.
The Uneasy Case Against Copyright Trolls

The copyright troll and the phenomenon of copyright trolling have thus far received surprisingly little attention in discussions of copyright law and policy. A copyright troll refers to an entity that acquires a tailored interest in a copyrighted work with the sole objective of enforcing claims relating to that work against copiers in a zealous and dogmatic manner. Not being a creator, distributor, performer, or indeed user of the protected work, the copyright troll operates entirely in the market for copyright claims. With specialized skills in monitoring and enforcing copyright infringement, the troll is able to lower its litigation costs, enabling it to bring claims against defendants that an ordinary copyright owner might have chosen not to. As a matter of law, the copyright troll’s model usually complies with all of copyright’s formal rules. Courts have as a result struggled to find a coherent legal basis on which to curb the copyright troll. In this Article, I show that the real problem with the copyright troll originates in the connection between copyright’s stated goal of incentivizing creativity and the enforcement of copyright claims, which discussions of copyright law and policy fail to adequately capture. Copyright claims, much like other private law claims, are systematically under-enforced. This under-enforcement is neither purely fortuitous nor indeed marginal to the system, but instead operates as an important safety valve that introduces an informal breathing space into copyright’s functioning. Over time, this under-enforcement results in a balance between claims that are actionable and enforced, and those that are actionable but tolerated. It is precisely this balance that the advent of the troll disrupts, since it seeks to enforce claims that copyright owners would have otherwise tolerated. This Article unpacks the connection between the incentive to create and the incentive to enforce in copyright to show why the troll’s actions are indeed problematic, despite its formal compliance with copyright’s legal rules. In so doing, it shows how the troll exploits the market for copyright claims, which might otherwise have important upsides, and argues that a permanent solution to the problem will entail targeting the troll’s incentive structure rather than using any of copyright’s existing doctrines.
Investigation of the gradient index conical lens for increased angular tolerance in free space optical interconnections

A method of using gradient index conical lenses (GRIN-CL) to increase the angular tolerance of free space optical interconnects is presented. Simulation results show that GRIN-CL has 3 times higher angular tolerances than simple microlenses.
Fractionation of Isolated Rat CNS Myelinated Axons by Sucrose Density Gradient Centrifugation in a Zonal Rotor

: Myelinated axons isolated from rat CNS brain stem by flotation in a buffered sucrose-salt medium were shocked by vigorous homogenization in hypotonie buffer and then fractionated on a 20-40% (wt/wt) linear sucrose gradient in a Beckman Ti-14 Zonal Rotor. After centrifu-gation to equilibrium, the gradient was fractionated on the basis of sucrose density into 13 individual fractions. The distributions of molecular markers related to myelin [(myelin basic protein, 2’3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phos-phodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.37), myelin-associated glycopro-tein (MAG)]; microsomes [CDP-choline:l,2 diglyceride cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2)]; mitochondria [cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1), monoamine oxidase (amine:oxygen oxidoreductase, deaminating, EC 1.4.3.4)], and axolemma [acetylcholinesterase (acetylcho-line hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), 5′-nucleotidase (5′-ribonu-cleotide phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.5), Na+,K+-adeno-sine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3), [3H]saxitoxin binding] were examined, as well as the protein composition and morphological appearance of the fractions. The myelin-related markers were most enriched in the 20-26% region of the gradient, although the MAG was broadly distributed throughout the entire gradient. The axolemma-related markers were most enriched in the 28-32% region of the gradient, whereas the microsomal and mitochondrial-related markers were enriched in the 35-40% region of the sucrose density gradient. Mixing experiments utilizing 125I-labeled membrane preparations derived from cultured oligodendroglial and astroglial cells indicated that the constituents of the shocked myelinated axons were not significantly contaminated with glial membranes. The morphology of the fraction was consistent with the membrane molecular marker distribution: the light end of the gradient contained multilamellar myelin; fractions in the center of the gradient were enriched in un-ilamellar membrane fragments; the densest regions of the gradient were enriched in mitochondria. The myelin specific proteins were the prominent polypeptides in the 20-25% regions of the gradient, whereas polypeptides having a molecular weight of 50,000 or greater predominanted in the denser regions of the gradient. The significance of the distribution of these membrane markers and the utility of this fractionation procedure are discussed.
Electrochemical and in Situ Ellipsometric Investigation of the Permeability and Stability of Layered Polyelectrolyte Films

Utilization of layered polyelectrolyte films as sensor or ion-separation materials will depend critically on their stability and ion permeability in aqueous solution. We report electrochemical and in situ ellipsometric studies on the permeability and stability of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PAH/PSS) and PAH/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) films. The permeability of these layered polyelectrolyte films to Fe(CN)63- and Ru(NH3)63+ depends on the solution pH, the number of bilayers in the film, whether supporting electrolyte is present during film deposition, and the nature of constituent polycations and polyanions. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy show that film permeability is similar in pH 3.2- and pH 6.3-buffered solutions but increases dramatically in alkaline solutions. In situ ellipsometry helps to explain these results. Upon immersion in pH 3.2- and pH 6.3-buffered solutions, the thickness of PAH/PSS films increases by 40%, but swelling is constant over time. At pH 10,...
Hydration of tricalcium silicate in the presence of synthetic calcium–silicate–hydrate

The early age-hydration of tricalcium silicate, the main chemical compound in Portland cement, was studied in the presence of synthetic calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) addition having C/S ratios = 0.8 and 1.2. Isothermal conduction calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and 29Si MAS NMR were employed in order to investigate events occurring during various stages of the hydration. The results that were analyzed using novel methods in cement chemistry showed that the addition of seeds of synthetic C–S–H significantly accelerated the hydration of C3S. The extent of the acceleration was dependant on the amount and chemical composition of the C–S–H seeds. It was suggested that the synthetic C–S–H significantly increased the rate and degree of dissolution of the C3S particles. It was also found that the nucleation and silicate polymerization of the C–S–H that formed during the hydration of the C3S phase was promoted. Direct evidence of the seeding effect was provided. The properties of the resulting C–S–H hydration products seemed to be dependant on the lime-to-silica ratio of the synthetic C–S–H. It was suggested that the silicate polymerization and chemical composition of the hydration products of silicate phases may be manipulated through C–S–H seeding. As the chemical and mechanical properties of C–S–H are largely controlled by its C/S ratio, this method should provide a unique tool for tailoring the nanostructure of the hydration products of Portland cement through the addition of selective C–S–H seeds for optimum engineering and durability performance.
Combined intraoperative administration of a histone deacetylase inhibitor and a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist synergistically reduces intra-abdominal adhesion formation in a rat model

Background Intra-abdominal adhesions are the most frequent postoperative complication after abdominopelvic surgery. Our laboratory has previously shown that an intraoperative peritoneal lavage containing either the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) or a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK-1RA) reduced adhesions by approximately 50% in a rat model. The objective of this study was to determine whether the combination of these 2 drugs was more effective in reducing adhesions than either alone. Methods Rats underwent laparotomy with creation of peritoneal ischemic buttons to induce adhesions. A single dose of VPA (25 mg/kg), NK-1RA (50 mg/kg), a combination of both, or 0.9% saline was lavaged intraperitoneally just before wound closure. On postoperative day 7, adhesions were quantified. To investigate early mechanisms of adhesiogenesis, adhesions were created as described and adhesive button tissue was harvested at 30 minutes and 3 hours postoperatively and fibrinogen and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels, both indices of peritoneal extravasations, were determined by Western blot analysis. Peritoneal fluid was collected in similar experiments at 30 minutes, and 3 and 6 hours to measure fibrinolytic activity, an index of the ability of the peritoneum to degrade fibrinous adhesions. Results The coadministration of VPA plus NK-1RA reduces adhesions by 72.6% relative to saline ( P P P = .01). VPA plus NK-1RA significantly decreased fibrinogen and VEGF protein levels at 3 and 6 hours compared with saline controls. Conclusion These results suggest that a combined pharmacologic approach targeting multiple adhesiogenic pathways provides optimal adhesion prevention.
From automation to tangible interactive objects

Abstract Automation led to many innovations for a long time, most of them were developed during the twentieth century. It was commonly thought as a layer on top of a mechanical system. It promoted system management over low-level control. The more information technology evolves, the more it takes a fundamental part in our lives. This article describes a paradigm shift where automation will no longer be an add-on, and where software supports the definition, implementation and operationalization of functions and structures of products from the beginning of the design process. Any design today starts by using computer-aided design tools that enable us to easily draw, modify and fine-tune any kind of system. We can fully develop an airplane and literally fly it as a complex piece of software. Usability and usefulness can be tested before anything physical is built. Consequently, human-centered design (HCD) is now not only feasible but also can drive the overall engineering of products. We have started to design products from outside in, i.e., from usages and purposes to means. We even can 3D print mechanical parts from the software-designed parts with ease. In human–computer interaction, specific research efforts are carried out on tangible objects, which define this inverted view of automation. We now design and develop by using information technology to do mechanical things, and therefore redefine the essence of a new kind of cognitive mechanical engineering. This article is about the revolution that is currently happening in engineering and industrial design due to the immersive influence of computers in our everyday life, and the expansion of HCD.
Effect of Collision Efficiency on the Evolution of the Surface of Diffusion-Limited Deposits.

The effect of the collision efficiency of particles deposited onto a rough substrate and the evolution of the deposit profile were investigated using 2D on-lattice Monte Carlo simulations. The case of a diffusive long-range transport regime as representative of the colloidal deposition from the suspended phase was considered. The initial profile of the substrate was modeled as a sinusoidal wave. The decay of the initial profile in the course of deposition was monitored by a decrease in the Fourier amplitude A(w) corresponding to the wavelength of the initial roughness. The best "memory" of the deposit, i.e., the slowest decay of A(w), was found to correspond to intermediate values ( approximately 0.1) of the collision efficiency. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
Deficiency of DNA fragmentation factor 45 results in reduced oocyte apoptosis in response to doxorubicin.

Deficiency of DNA fragmentation factor 45 results in reduced oocyte apoptosis in response to doxorubicin
Seismic stratigraphy and late Quaternary shelf history, south-central Monterey Bay, California

Abstract The south-central Monterey Bay shelf is a high-energy, wave-dominated, tectonically active coastal region on the central California continental margin. A prominent feature of this shelf is a sediment lobe off the mouth of the Salinas River that has surface expression. High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles reveal that an angular unconformity (Quaternary?) underlies the entire shelf and separates undeformed strata above it from deformed strata below it. The Salinas River lobe is a convex bulge on the shelf covering an area of approximately 72 km 2 in water depths from 10 to 90 m. It reaches a maximum thickness of 35 m about 2.5 km seaward of the river mouth and thins in all directions away from this point. Adjacent shelf areas are characterized by only a thin (2 to 5 m thick) and uniform veneer of sediment. Acoustic stratigraphy of the lobe is complex and is characterized by at least three unconformity-bounded depositional sequences. Acoustically, these sequences are relatively well bedded. Acoustic foresets occur within the intermediate sequence and dip seaward at 0.7° to 2.0°. Comparison with sedimentary sequences in uplifted onshore Pleistocene marine-terrace deposits of the Monterey Bay area, which were presumably formed in a similar setting under similar processes, suggests that a general interpretation can be formulated for seismic stratigraphic patterns. Depositional sequences are interpreted to represent shallowing-upwards progradational sequences of marine to nonmarine coastal deposits formed during interglacial highstands and/or during early stages of falling sea level. Acoustic foresets within the intermediate sequence are evidence of seaward progradation. Acoustic unconformities that separate depositional sequences are interpreted as having formed largely by shoreface planation and may be the only record of the intervening transgressions. The internal stratigraphy of the Salinas River lobe thus suggests that at least several late Quaternary regressions and transgressions may be recorded under the present shelf. This record may represent the last major eustatic cycle of sea level, an interval not observed in uplifted onshore Pleistocene marine terraces.
Oxidative metabolites of 5-S-cysteinyldopamine inhibit the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex: possible relevance to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

A characteristic change in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients is an apparent accelerated rate of dopamine oxidation as evidenced by an increased 5-S-cysteinyldopamine (5-S-CyS-DA) to dopamine ratio. However, 5-S-CyS-DA is more easily oxidized than dopamine to give 7-(2-aminoethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid (DHBT-1). Previous studies have demonstrated that DHBT-1 can be accumulated by intact rat brain mitochondria and inhibits complex I but not complex II respiration. In this study, it is shown that DHBT-1 also inhibits the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDH) but not cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). The inhibition of α-KGDH is dependent on the oxidation of DHBT-1, catalyzed by an unknown constituent of the inner mitochondrial membrane, to an electrophilic o-quinone imine that covalently modifies active site sulfhydryl residues. The latter conclusion is based on the ability of ≧ equimolar glutathione to block the inhibition of α-KGDH by DHBT-1, without altering its rate of mitochondrial membrane-catalyzed oxidation, by scavenging the electrophilic o-quinone intermediate forming glutathionyl conjugates which have been isolated and spectroscopically characterized. Activities of mitochondrial α-KGDH and complex I, but not other respiratory complexes, are decreased in the parkinsonian substantia nigra. Such changes together with evidence for accelerated dopamine oxidation, increased formation of 5-S-CyS-DA and the ease of oxidation of this conjugate to DHBT-1 which inhibits α-KGDH and complex I, without affecting other respiratory enzyme complexes, suggests that the latter putative metabolite might be an endotoxin that contributes to the α-KGDH and complex I defects in Parkinson's disease.
Invariant Imbedding and Sequential Interpolating Filters for Nonlinear Processes

Abstract : The study shows how a sequential solution can be obtained for a fairly general nonlinear interpolation problem using a least-squares criterion for estimation, along with invariant imbedding techniques. The equations of the sequential interpolating filter are obtained by first showing the interpolation problem to be equivalent to a two-point boundary-value problem. The two-point boundary-value problem is then converted to an initial-value problem by means of invariant imbedding, and the initial-value problem leads directly to a sequential filter. To avoid unnecessary matrix manipulations, the formulation and solution are given for the scalar case only. Generalization to the vector case is straightforward. (Author)
Evaluating growth of larval walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, using cell cycle analysis

Cell cycle analysis of muscle cell division rates offers a new and efficient technique to analyze growth of larval fish. Using this approach, growth of larval walleye pollock was estimated by determining cell proliferation rates, reasoning that growth during early life stages is probably attributed to increases in cell number rather than to increases in cell size. Characteristic patterns of brain and muscle cell division rates were produced in larval walleye pollock by manipulating their diet in the laboratory. The fraction of dividing muscle cells and, to a lesser extent, the fraction of dividing brain cells were direct indicators of fast and slow growth. A model was produced to estimate average growth rate from the fraction of dividing muscle cells. We developed a simple method for preparing and storing the muscle tissue that ensures nucleic acid stability for subsequent analyses and permits sampling in the field. We envision that the cell cycle methodology will have on-site applications, presenting an opportunity to attain real-time estimates of larval fish growth at sea. Determining the proportion of first-feeding larvae with a high fraction of dividing muscle cells may yield a means for predicting the proportion of fast-growing fish, i.e., the potential survivors.
The perception of structure from visual motion in monkey and man

The ability to perceive structure using motion information was examined using a reaction time task with two primate species. Homo sapien and Macaca mulatta subjects were quantitatively tested under identical conditions to detect the change from a control unstructured to a test structured motion stimulus. The structures underlying the test were rotations of a plane, expansion of a plane, and a rotation of a three-dimensional cylinder. On many of the stimulus conditions, the two species performed similarly, although there were some species differences. These differences may be due to the extensive training of the monkeys or the use of different cognitive strategies by the human subjects. These data provide support for the existence of a neural mechanism that uses flow fields to construct two-or three-dimensional surface representations.
Educating for Personal and Social Responsibility: Levers for Building Collective Institutional Commitment

This article describes a set of lessons learned from a national project on education for personal and social responsibility that can be adopted across a variety of specific institutional contexts and missions.
Characterization by flow cytometry of fluorescent, selective agonist probes of the A3 adenosine receptor

Various fluorescent nucleoside agonists of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) were compared as high affinity probes using radioligands and flow cytometry (FCM). They contained a fluorophore linked through the C2 or N(6) position and rigid A3AR-enhancing (N)-methanocarba modification. A hydrophobic C2-(1-pyrenyl) derivative MRS5704 bound nonselectively. C2-Tethered cyanine5-dye labeled MRS5218 bound selectively to hA3AR expressed in whole CHO cells and membranes. By FCM, binding was A3AR-mediated (blocked by A3AR antagonist, at least half through internalization), with t1/2 for association 38min in mA3AR-HEK293 cells; 26.4min in sucrose-treated hA3AR-CHO cells (Kd 31nM). Membrane binding indicated moderate mA3AR affinity, but not selectivity. Specific accumulation of fluorescence (50nM MRS5218) occurred in cells expressing mA3AR, but not other mouse ARs. Evidence was provided suggesting that MRS5218 detects endogenous expression of the A3AR in the human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cell line. Therefore, MRS5218 promises to be a useful tool for characterizing the A3AR.
“Be still my beating heart”: Linkages between mother–infant co-regulation and brief bradycardia at the onset of arm-restraint in 6-month-old infants

Abstract This study examined linkages between 6-month-old infants’ ( n = 101) orienting response, measured physiologically by brief bradycardia or heart deceleration at the onset of a frustration task (maternal arm-restraint) and mother–infant co-regulation measured during a 15-min unstructured free play episode. Given the socially disruptive nature of the frustration task, we suspected that infants who experienced more positive co-regulated interactions including symmetrical (both partners actively engaged and attending to each other) or asymmetrical (one partner actively engaged while partner attends to the other) with mothers would be more likely to display an orienting response (bradycardia) during the onset of the arm-restraint procedure than infants who experience unilateral (one partner focused on other but the other focused on self), unengaged (neither partner attending to the other) or disruptive interactions. Findings indicate that dyads that experienced more asymmetrical co-regulation had infants who were more likely to experience bradycardia while unengaged interactions predicted the absence of bradycardia. These findings suggest that mother–infant co-regulation may help establish expectations about social interactions and that when these relational expectancies are violated infants are more likely to exhibit bradycardia at the onset of a socially disruptive task. Alternative explanations are also considered.
MODPAC: A modular package of programs for fitting model parameters to data and plotting fitted curves

A modular package of computer programs is described. The package is designed for parameter fitting in psychology, and includes a program for plotting the fitted curves.
Application of model predictive control to batch processes

Model predictive control is applied to batch recipe synthesis scheduling problems. Due to the complexity of this class of problems, a state explosion situation exists where an exponential number of possible combinations of tasks exist in the solution set. In order to overcome this situation the batch processes are modeled discretely with Petri nets. This discrete model can be used to create a coverability tree. The coverability tree can be used to eliminate combinations of tasks, which are not safe or not useful to the process. As a result, the number of possible combinations of batch tasks is reduced to the point that the model predictive control algorithm can be used as a batch recipe synthesis package. This technique is applied to a batch process and compared with another technique. These two techniques yield similar results.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereo- chemical problems. CLIII.

Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems, discussing ions origins in spectrum of alcyl n-hexyl cyanide
Herbal Medicine in the United States: Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Regulation: Grand Rounds at University of California, San Francisco Medical Center

Introduction Herbal products have gained increasing popularity in the last decade, and are now used by approximately 20% of the population. Herbal products are complex mixtures of organic chemicals that may come from any raw or processed part of a plant, including leaves, stems, flowers, roots, and seeds. Under the current law, herbs are defined as dietary supplements, and manufacturers can therefore produce, sell, and market herbs without first demonstrating safety and efficacy, as is required for pharmaceutical drugs. Although herbs are often perceived as “natural” and therefore safe, many different side effects have been reported owing to active ingredients, contaminants, or interactions with drugs.
Impact of Long-Term Weathering, Mobility, and Land Use on Chlordane Residues in Soil

The use of technical chlordane, a mixture of 147 separate components, and chlordane-containing products has been illegal in the United States since 1988. Technical chlordane is a member of the pers...
Glucocorticoid regulation of rRNA synthesis.

Glucocorticoids inhibit transcription of the genes encoding rRNA (rDNA) in P1798 lymphoma cells. This is due to a decrease in the amount or activity of a transcription factor, called TFIC. TFIC has been purified to apparent homogeneity and the properties of this protein have been investigated in detail. TFIC is tightly associated with RNA polymerase I. The data indicate that TFIC is a bonafide initiation factor that is required for formation of the first phosphodiester bond of nascent pre-rRNA. Extracts from dexamethasone-treated cells are devoid of this factor and cannot form initiated complexes in vitro.
The second‐generation polysulfone gas‐separation membrane. II. The relationship between sol properties, gel macrovoids, and fiber selectivity

All integrally skinned asymmetric membranes contain some defects which are attributable to the incomplete coalescence of the nodule aggregates of which the skin layer is composed. When such defects are small in size and few in number, they can be effectively sealed by coating with a highly permeable polymer. The resulting composite then exhibits the selectivity to gas permeation which is characteristic of the base polymer. Prior to their sealing, therefore, such membranes can be said to exhibit the potential for intrinsic selectivity. However, not all gas separation membranes can be effectively sealed. In the present study the relationship between sol properties, the presence of macrovoids in the substructure of the gel, and the subsequent failure of the fibers to achieve the potential for intrinsic selectivity are considered. Macrovoid-free fibers with the potential for intrinsic selectivity can be prepared by the utilization of high viscosity, high total solids sols with low nonsolvent tolerance whose solvent vehicles consist of appropriate Lewis acid: base complexes.
An analogy between reaction and heat transfer

A relationship between the Nusselt number and the chemical conversion arising from an energetic reaction in fully developed laminar or turbulent flow through a heated or cooled tube is formulated by the speculative adaptation and extension of a closed-form solution for an idealized case. This relationship may be interpreted as an analogy between reaction and heat transfer. It has a wider scope than the classical analogies between momentum and heat transfer but is inferior to them in the sense that it incorporates an arbitrary coefficient whose dependencies have not yet been completely resolved. The analogy was derived for a single first-order irreversible equimolar homogeneous reaction (restrictions that can be relaxed) and neglects entrance effects and changes in density and viscosity. The primary and unique contribution of the analogy is the mathematical representation and functional explanation of the chaotic and gross variation of the Nusselt number resulting from the combination of an energetic reaction and compensatory heat exchange. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
An initial farmer evaluation of a NIOSH AutoROPS prototype

This evaluation study is a part of the NIOSH safety engineering research program on developing new types of rollover protective structures (ROPS) for farm tractors. Each year hundreds of people die as a result of agricultural tractor rollovers. The use of rollover protective structures (ROPS), along with seat belts, is the best-known method for reducing the frequency of these fatalities. One impediment to ROPS use, however, is low clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. Adjustable ROPS have been developed by the agricultural equipment industry to address the issue of low clearance situations. If these adjustable ROPS are used properly, they are quite effective systems. The problem is that they require the operator to take an active role in making sure the ROPS is properly adjusted when not in a low clearance situation--a task some operators may not consistently perform. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low clearance situations, NIOSH researchers have developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The objective of this study was to get an initial measurement of the usability of the NIOSH AutoROPS among tractor operators who would be probable users of this new technology. The study was not intended to evaluate all of the factors in the use of the AutoROPS. This study only examines whether farmers had an initial positive interest in this new concept for preventing tractor rollover-related fatalities. The procedure for comparing the AutoROPS prototype with a foldable ROPS was of a general nature. What was being sought were general opinions about the concept. A cost comparison was not a factor in this study. However, cost-effectiveness is an important criterion in the NIOSH design.The farmer group was of the opinion that the AutoROPS deployment is more effective than the manual ROPS alternative (ppp less than 0.0001). This result indicates that this new technology may successfully achieve wide use on the farm. Farmer opinions indicate the need for further design work to improve seating restraint and the method for lowering the structure. Based on the results of this study, NIOSH will be able to make recommendations to companies interested in developing and manufacturing an AutoROPS for the farm workplace.
LONG-TERM ORGAN CULTURE OF THE SALAMANDER HEART

Beating salamander hearts were maintained in tissue culture for periods ranging from 1 to 6 months. After 1, 3, or 6 months of culture, six hearts, along with six control hearts, were fixed for electron microscopy. In control tissue, the sarcoplasmic reticulum usually demonstrated the normal pattern of paired, linearly arranged membranes, although in some cases, the reticulum showed a variation from these membranes to a series of small vesicles. There was no evidence of a T-system of tubules in any of the material examined. Desmosome-Z band complexes were observed in almost all sections of both control and experimental material. A possible role of these complexes in the excitation-contraction mechanism is discussed. In 3 month cultured material, alterations in normal myofibrillar pattern occurred. Small segments of myofibrils branched from one Z band to join the Z band of an adjacent myofibril, or appeared to be fraying out into the sarcoplasm. In 6 month cultured material, myofibrils were fragmented into short segments from which myofilaments frayed out into the sarcoplasm. This filamentous material may be remnants of myofilaments. Despite the morphological changes in myofibrils, the heart pulsation rate, established at the beginning, was maintained throughout the culture period. It is suggested that the alterations, observed in the experimental material, occurred in elements not essential for heart beat maintenance, or that these alterations have not yet progressed to a critical point of affecting the heart beat.
Characteristics of Trypsin-like Activity in Subgingival Plaque Samples

Previous studies have demonstrated that the hydrolysis of the trypsin substrate N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA), by subgingival plaque obtained from a single site, correlates best with the numbers and proportions of spirochetes in plaque samples and may serve as an indicator of clinical disease. In this investigation, we determined whether the association between BANA hydrolysis and spirochetes could be obtained in pooled subgingival plaque samples. Concomitantly, the characteristics of this reaction in terms of substrate type and concentration, microbial numbers needed to give a positive reaction as assessed by microscopic counts, rapidity of hydrolysis, and the effect of pH and various additives on the plaque BANA hydrolytic activity have been studied in pooled plaque samples from patients who were periodontally healthy or diseased. In addition, it was determined whether BANA hydrolytic activity found in subgingival plaque reflected contributions from saliva and supragingival plaque. Results indicated that the assay can best be performed with 0.67 mmol/L BANA at pH 7.0. EDTA and CaCl2 gave a slight inhibition and DTT a slight enhancement of the BANA reaction by the pooled plaque suspensions. The majority of the reactions (85%) developed their full color after overnight incubation. BANA hydrolysis was not found in saliva and occurred with much greater frequency in subgingival plaque as opposed to supragingival plaque. Analysis of the data indicated that BANA hydrolysis by pooled subgingival plaque samples is a suitable test for the detection of spirochetes when two or three spirochetes per high microscopic field are present in the sample.
Abnormalities in Structure and Expression of the Human Retinoblastoma Gene in SCLC

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been associated with loss of heterozygosity at several distinct genetic loci including chromosomes 3p, 13q, and 17p. To determine whether the retinoblastoma gene (Rb) localized at 13q14, might be the target of recessive mutations in lung cancer, eight primary SCLC tumors and 50 cell lines representing all major histologic types of lung cancer were examined with the Rb complementary DNA probe. Structural abnormalities within the Rb gene were observed in 1/8 (13%) primary SCLC tumors, 4/22 (18%) SCLC lines, and 1/4 (25%) pulmonary carcinoid lines (comparable to the 20 to 40% observed in retinoblastoma), but were not detected in other major types of lung cancer. Rb messenger RNA expression was absent in 60% of the SCLC lines and 75% of pulmonary carcinoid lines, including all samples with DNA abnormalities. In contrast, Rb transcripts were found in 90% of non-SCLC lung cancer lines and in normal human lung. The finding of abnormalities of the Rb gene in SCLC and pulmonary carcinoids (both neuroendocrine tumors) suggests that this gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of a common adult malignancy.
The New York Bight

This provides an overview of the major physical, hydrographic, and chemical conditions in the New York Bight, as well as details of the principal shallow waters, embayments, and coastal habitats adjacent to the Bight, based on historical and recent data. Given these data, living resources at risk and the factors affecting them are reviewed. The principal conclusions are that, although the Bight and ancillary waters were once heavily contaminated, the ending of ocean disposal, upgrading of sewage treatment, and general overall improvement in the handling of wastes have resulted in significant improvement in habitat quality.
A Numerical Study of Coupling Between the Boundary Layer and Free Atmosphere in an Accelerated Low-Latitude Flow

Abstract The influence of advective accelerations in the low-latitude boundary layer and coupling between this boundary layer and the free atmosphere are numerically examined for steady longitudinally invariant flow. Pressure adjustments in a one-layer representation of the free atmosphere are induced by vertical fluxes of mass, momentum and latent heat out of a multi-level boundary layer model. It is found that vertical motions, resulting from advective accelerations in the boundary layer, can strongly influence pressure adjustments and flow development. As a result, the steady pressure field, generated by specified heating or parameterized latent heating, is quite different than would he predicted by linear boundary layer theory.
Locating Convection in Landfalling Tropical Cyclones: A Gis-Based Analysis of Radar Reflectivities and Comparison to Lightning-Based Observations

Researchers have utilized radar reflectivity returns and lightning flashes separately and together to locate convection with tropical cyclones (TCs). Most studies utilizing both datasets have examined TCs over the ocean, while landfall observations have been limited to a few TCs. This study employs a GIS to delineate regions of high radar reflectivity values within 45 landfalling TCs. The percentage of convective regions contained within each quadrant placed relative to storm motion and deep-layer vertical wind shear is calculated. These percentages are then compared to those from previous studies of quadrant-based lightning flash locations. Results indicate that the GIS-based radar analysis may be identifying TC regions that are electrically active. Both the radar- and lightning-based analyses show that convection shifts from the right to the front of the storm as forward velocity increases. Convection is located left of the shear vector when storm motion is 45-135° counterclockwise from the shear vector...