cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in a Mature Cystic Teratoma with Metastasis to the Paraaortic Nodes

Accurate surgical staging is critical to the management of early ovarian cancers. A patient with squamous cell carcinoma arising from a mature cystic teratoma was found to have paraaortic nodal metastasis as her only evidence of extraovarian disease. Extended field radiation therapy to the pelvis and paraaortic nodes with concomitant cisplatin and adjuvant chemotherapy failed to control her disease. Inadequate surgical staging may explain the recurrences in apparent stage I disease.
Evolution of magnetic fields around a Kerr black hole

The evolution of magnetic fields frozen to a perfectly conducting plasma fluid around a Kerr black hole is investigated. We focus on the plunging region between the black hole horizon and the marginally stable circular orbit in the equatorial plane, where the centrifugal force is unable to stably balance the gravitational force. Adopting the kinematic approximation where the dynamical effects of magnetic fields on the fluid motion are ignored, we exactly solve Maxwell's equations with the assumptions that the geodesic motion of the fluid is stationary and axisymmetric, the magnetic field has only radial and azimuthal components and depends only on time and radial coordinates. We show that the stationary state of the magnetic field in the plunging region is uniquely determined by the boundary conditions at the marginally stable circular orbit. If the magnetic field at the marginally stable circular orbit is in a stationary state, the magnetic field in the plunging region will quickly settle into a stationary state if it is not so initially, in a time determined by the dynamical time scale in the plunging region. The radial component of the magnetic field at the marginally stable circular orbit is more important than the toroidal component in determining the structure and evolution of the magnetic field in the plunging region. Even if at the marginally stable circular orbit the toroidal component is zero, in the plunging region a toroidal component is quickly generated from the radial component by the shear motion of the fluid. Finally, we discuss the dynamical effects of magnetic fields on the motion of the fluid in the plunging region. We show that the dynamical effects of magnetic fields are unimportant in the plunging region if they are negligible on the marginally stable circular orbit. This supports the ``no-torque inner boundary condition'' of thin disks, contrary to the claim in the recent literature.
Normative Definitions of Intoxicated States: A Test of Several Sociological Theories

Several sociological theories of intoxication propose that positive outcomes (getting “high”) and negative outcomes (“bad trips”) of recreational drug use are influenced by cultural expectations learned through group interaction. Respondents in this study rated the expected probability of various outcomes of marijuana or alcohol intoxication. As predicted, the greater the number of one's friends who use a drug, the lower the expected probability of negative outcomes, even after statistical controls for one's own use and for quantity of personal use are introduced. For marijuana, but not for alcohol, the expected probability of positive outcomes is directly related to the number of friends who use it. The results generally support sociological explanations of intoxicated states, but also point to some pharmacological influences in the case of alcohol.
Effects of microcrystallinity and morphology on physical aging of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Physical aging characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been evaluated in relationship to volume fraction levels of crystallinity up to 25%. Changes in the enthalpies of relaxation, monitored at aging temperatures from 55 to 65°C, are found to give good fits with the Cowie-Ferguson model. Overall equilibrium enthalpy of relaxation values decrease linearly with increased crystallinity. They increase with decreased aging temperature, providing extrapolated lower temperature results that are validated in terms of specific heat relationships. Activation energies for enthalpic relaxations are found to increase from 337 to 361 kJ/mole as crystallinity increases up to 25%. Overall relaxation endotherms are further resolved into contributions from interspherulitic and intraspherulitic amorphous regions. Interspherulitic, equilibrium enthalpies of relaxation decrease with increased levels of crystallinity, while intraspherulic values show corresponding increases. Characteristic relaxation times of the intraspherulic regions increase greatly, as levels of crystallinity increase; however, interspherulitic relaxation times decrease very slightly. Dynamic differential scanning calorimetry results show two glass transitions in the case of a 25% crystalline sample and a single transition for noncrystallized material. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Aggressiveness revisited: a comment on Frank's "on the prediction of aggressive behavior from the Rorschach".

The effort by Frank (1994) to extend our knowledge about how to predict individual aggressive behavior from the Rorschach was timely and important. The finding that poor form quality (F + %<YO) is often a factor involved in out-of-control behavior is not a surprise but does reinforce other findings about the importance of conscious judgment in human behavior. The author raised the issue about questionable research strategies vis-i-vis the Rorschach and aggressiveness. One suggestion was implied by his dtscussion but not elaborated. Instead of attempting to group subjects into a priori groups such as "Borderline," groups could be formed by classifying individuals according to the contents of their M and other Rorschach scores believed to be important (Cf + C , and F + %). Such an approach would provide much more meaningful and accurate data in terms of Rorschach variables than using arbitrary groupings from diagnostic categories or manifest behavior. A more fundamental issue for research on aggressiveness, however, was not discussed. The underlying research philosophy or paradlgm about human behavior needs to be carefully delineated before undertaking research on any predictions about manifest behavior. The weight of evidence about human behavior is that it is complex and involves determinants from both the organism (person or personahty) and the environment (stimulus). Any human action may have relative degrees of determination from these two major factors. Therefore, it makes no sense to expect that internal organismic constructs (personality) alone could provide sufficient predictive power for something as complex as aggressiveness which would usually also involve significant simultaneous external determinants from the stimulus situation. Research designs for aggressiveness or any other predictive paradigms about human behavior could be improved if the researchers would bear in mind that personahty is only one of the sigruficant determinants of any given manifest behavior and not characterize either their research designs or their discussions as though personality variables were expected to account for all or most of the variance. It should be sufficient that personality factors might account for some significant portion of the variance.
Application of Mathematical Programming to a Large-scale Agricultural Production and Distribution System

This paper addresses an actual production planning problem for a large seed corn production company. Various scenarios are included in different mathematical programming models in order to help the management make production decisions. A linear programming package and a mixed-integer programming package are combined by a designed heuristic program to solve the problem. The solutions obtained and an accompanying sensitivity analysis provide the management with insight into the system's operation and potentials of cost savings.
Cue selection in paired-associate learning: Meaningfulness and position

Twenty-four common English words were learned as responses to compound stimuli, each of which was composed of two trigrams connected by a hyphen. One trigram of each stimulus was high m, one low m; half of the stimuli had the high m item in the left-hand position, half in the right. In a transfer task Ss responded to one trigram of each stimulus. The data obtained suggest that both m and position of the components determined cue selection.
Drift in the hypervariable region of the hepatitis C virus during 27 years in two patients.

Serial serum samples were obtained over a 27-year period from a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patient and from a nurse who appeared to become infected by this patient. The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and 5'noncoding region (5'NCR) of the HCV genome were amplified from each serum sample by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned. In the first serum specimen from the patient and the first two serum specimens from the nurse, most of the 20 clones from each serum sample had one common sequence in the HVR1 gene. All later serum samples contained a heterogeneous mixture of HCV quasispecies. The uniformity of the HVR1 sequence in the early samples and the emergence of greater diversity in later serum samples is consistent with the apparent transmission of HCV between the patient and nurse and the eventual emergence of other quasispecies as the virus replicated in the new host. In addition, the immune globulin given to the nurse may have been responsible for some of the HCV quasispecies changes observed in her serum.
Comparison of Coronary Thermodilution and Doppler Velocity for Assessing Coronary Flow Reserve

Background— Thermodilution coronary flow reserve (CFRthermo) is a new technique for invasively measuring coronary flow reserve (CFR) with a coronary pressure wire and is based on the ability of the pressure transducer to also measure temperature changes. Whether CFRthermo correlates well enough with absolute flow-derived CFR (CFRflow) to replace Doppler wire–derived CFR (CFRDoppler) remains unclear. Methods and Results— In an open-chest pig model, CFRthermo was measured in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and compared with CFRDoppler and CFRflow, measured with an external flow probe placed around the LAD. In 9 pigs, CFR was measured simultaneously by all 3 means in the normal LAD and after creation of an epicardial LAD stenosis. To determine the added effect of microvascular disease, measurements of flow reserve were also performed after disruption of the coronary microcirculation with embolized microspheres. Intracoronary papaverine (20 mg) was used to induce hyperemia. In a total of 61 paired m...
Autobiographical memory and amnesia

In four experimente, we assessed autobiographical memory in 5 normal subjecte and in 5 memoryimpaired patients, all of whom had become amnesic on a known date. The patients were unable to produce autobiographical recollections in as much detail as the normal subjects could. The impairment was especially noticeable when single-word eues were used to elicit memories and when subjects were asked to recollect evente from any past time period. Amnesic patiente performed better when they were instructed to restrict their recollections to childhood or adolescence. In particular, when single-word eues were used together with probe questions, or when structured questions were used instead of single-word eues, amnesie patients produced recollections about childhood and adolescence that could not be distinguished qualitatively or quantitatively from the recollections of normal subjects. The patients who had the most difficulty recollecting auto-biographical episodes were the same ones who in a previous study had exhibited the most severe and extensive retrograde amnesia on fact-memory tests. These findings do not support the view that amnesia especially affecte episodic, as compared to semantic, memory. Isolated amnesie syndromes can have little effect on the storage and retrieval of very remote memories, whether they be memories for facts or memories for specifie autobiographical episodes.
European Community Milk Quotas: Impacts and Implications

Abstract The past decade has been a period of worldwide overproduction of milk, depressed world markets for dairy products, and high costs of dairy price support programs. Ln response to these problems, the European Community instituted mandatory milk supply quotas in 1984. This study focused on the impacts of quotas on selected member states and the implications for the United States dairy industry of a similar milk supply management program. Conclusions regarding the European Community quota system follow. Milk quotas have been effective in reducing milk supplies and surplus stocks of dairy products in government storage. If milk quotas become permanent, there is the problem of them being capitalized into land values. Quotas have led to a problem of maintaining cash flow for the individual dairy farmer. Lack of effective quota transfer causes serious problems in countries in which regional specialization is occurring. Long-term use of quotas leads to rigidity in the production sector. Thus, even though milk quotas are effective in controlling milk production, there are problems associated with their use.
Uncertainties in successive measurements

When you measure an observable, $A$, in quantum mechanics, the state of the system changes. This, in turn, affects the quantum-mechanical uncertainty in some noncommuting observable, $B$. The standard uncertainty relation puts a lower bound on the uncertainty of $B$ in the initial state. What is relevant for a subsequent measurement of $B$, however, is the uncertainty of $B$ in the postmeasurement state. We re-examine this problem, both in the case where $A$ has a pure point spectrum and in the case where $A$ has a continuous spectrum. In the latter case, the need to include a finite detector resolution, as part of what it means to measure such an observable, has dramatic implications for the result of successive measurements. Ozawa, [Phys. Rev. A 67, 042105 (2003)] proposed an inequality satisfied in the case of successive measurements. Among our results, we show that his inequality is ineffective (can never come close to being saturated). For the cases of interest, we compute a sharper lower bound.
Amphotericin-induced stridor: a review of stridor, amphotericin preparations, and their immunoregulatory effects.

Background Various adverse effects have been reported with the use of amphotericin B. The respiratory adverse effects include dyspnea, tachypnea, bronchospasm, hemoptysis, and hypoxemia. Stridor has not been previously reported with the use of amphotericin B. Objectives To review the mechanism of action and reports of respiratory adverse effects for amphotericin B, the liposomal preparations of amphotericin B, and the differential diagnosis of stridor. Data Sources A MEDLINE search from 1966 to 2002 was performed to review the current literature for possible mechanisms and immunoregulatory effects related to the infusion of amphotericin B. Results Amphotericin B has been shown to increase tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentrations in macrophages. In addition, it induces prostaglandin E 2 synthesis and increases the production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in mononuclear cells. The immunoregulatory effects of amphotericin B include increases in apoptosis, production of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression. Conclusions Amphotericin B induces the production of TNF-α, interferon-γ, and IL-1β, which may potentiate its toxic effects. Some liposomal preparations induced lower levels of TNF-α and nitric oxide and may be useful in patients unable to tolerate amphotericin B deoxycholate.
Third-order elastic constants from molecular dynamics: Theory and an example calculation

In earlier work, fluctuation formulas have been derived which allow the calculation of the second-order elastic constants of solids with use of molecular-dynamics computer simulations; explicit calculations have shown that these fluctuation formulas furnish an efficient method of obtaining the second-order elastic constants of crystalline and amorphous solids. In this paper, we present the statistical fluctuation formulas containing the isothermal and adiabatic third-order elastic constants. As we show, these formulas also enable one to efficiently calculate the third-order elastic constants of solids, using molecular-dynamics computer simulation. We illustrate the usefulness of these new fluctuation formulas by an explicit calculation of the adiabatic second- and third-order elastic constants of argon at 20.5 K. We also give the pressure derivatives of second-order elastic constants at T=20.5 K.
Tubercle of the Conjunctiva

This is the report of a case which was exhibited at the February, 1919, meeting of the Colorado Ophthalmological Society (see p. 343), with a note on subsequent progress.
Mixed spin-singlet and spin-triplet cooper pairing caused by inhomogeneous magnetism

Abstract With an attractive electron-electron interaction only for spin-singlet Cooper pairing and in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetism, spin-singlet and spin-triplet pair amplitudes both occur when only a spin-singlet pair potential occurs. Pair amplitudes in k -space and r -space and the spin susceptibility show that superconductivity in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetism cannot be either purely spin-singlet or purely spin-triplet pairing.
Expression of TGF-β during in vitro differentiation of hamster tracheal epithelial cells

The control of growth and differentiation of tracheal epithelial cells is poorly understood. Retinoic acid seems to be essential for the growth and secretory cell differentiation of hamster tracheal epithelial (HTE) cells in culture. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that one way by which retinoic acid (RA) stimulates growth is by decreasing transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) expression or activity or both. HTE cells were very sensitive to TGFβ-induced growth inhibition. TGFβ1 was more potent than TGFβ2 with 50% inhibition of growth achieved at a concentration less than 0.1 ng/ml. A single TGFβ1 transcript of 2.4 kb was expressed in HTE cells, and the amount increased by fourfold as cell proliferation decreased and differentiation increased. No TGFβ2 mRNA could be detected in proliferating undifferentiated HTE cells, but two distinct mRNAs (5.1 and 3.5 kb) were observed to be induced in a transient fashion in RA-treated cells which correlated with the onset of differentiation. The amount of biologically active TGFβ in conditioned media from HTE cells at different stages of growth and differentiation in primary culture was determined by the mink lung epithelial cell growth inhibition assay and the use of neutralizing antibodies. These assays indicated a large increase in the total amount of TGFβ at the time the cells slowed their growth and started to differentiate. The activity was due primarily to TGFβ1. Interestingly, cells treated with RA had a major component of “preactivated” (non-latent) TGFβ1 compared to control cells. Addition of TGFβ1 neutralizing antibodies directly to HTE cultures delayed the onset of both growth arrest and differentiation. These results do not support the hypothesis that RA stimulates HTE cell growth by decreasing TGFβ; rather they suggest that endogenously produced TGFβ may play a role in the initiation of growth arrest which precedes differentiation.
The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments

Abstract Research over the past ten years has created a more detailed and coherent view of the relation between O3 and its major anthropogenic precursors, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). This article presents a review of insights derived from photochemical models and field measurements. The ozone–precursor relationship can be understood in terms of a fundamental split into a NOx-senstive and VOC-sensitive (or NOx-saturated) chemical regimes. These regimes are associated with the chemistry of odd hydrogen radicals and appear in different forms in studies of urbanized regions, power plant plumes and the remote troposphere. Factors that affect the split into NOx-sensitive and VOC-sensitive chemistry include: VOC/NOx ratios, VOC reactivity, biogenic hydrocarbons, photochemical aging, and rates of meteorological dispersion. Analyses of ozone–NOx–VOC sensitivity from 3D photochemical models show a consistent pattern, but predictions for the impact of reduced NOx and VOC in indivdual locations are often very uncertain. This uncertainty can be identified by comparing predictions from different model scenarios that reflect uncertainties in meteorology, anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. Several observation-based approaches have been proposed that seek to evaluate ozone–NOx–VOC sensitivity directly from ambient measurements (including ambient VOC, reactive nitrogen, and peroxides). Observation-based approaches have also been used to evaluate emission rates, ozone production efficiency, and removal rates of chemically active species. Use of these methods in combination with models can significantly reduce the uncertainty associated with model predictions.
A uniform measure of subaerial erosion

It is suggested that observations of contemporary sediment movement in subaerial situations be estimated by the physical work (in joules) that they represent. This can be conveniently done by estimating the change due to erosion in the potential energy of the landscape. An example from an alpine area in southwestern Colorado is used to illustrate the use of geomorphic work as a measure of erosion and to show how it may be compared to other environmental exchanges of material and energy.
Contribution of CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons to the tonic α7 nAChR-dependent glutamatergic input to CA1 pyramidal neurons

The Schaffer collaterals are among the major glutamatergic inputs to CA1 pyramidal neurons, the primary output of the hippocampus, which also receive sparse recurrent inputs from pyramidal neurons in the CA1 field. Although tonically active α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been shown to sustain spontaneous glutamate transmission to CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices under resting conditions, it remains to be determined whether these receptors are those expressed by CA3 or CA1 pyramidal neurons. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the CA3 field of the hippocampus is a significant source of α7 nAChR-sustained glutamatergic transmission to CA1 pyramidal neurons. To this end, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons in intact rat hippocampal slices as well as from CA1 pyramidal neurons in CA3-ablated slices under various experimental conditions. Surgical removal of the CA3 region from the slices reduced by 20% the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons. This finding is in agreement with the concept that the CA3 field contributes significantly to the maintenance of spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons. In addition, the α7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA, 10 nM) reduced the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons by 30% in intact slices and 12% in CA3-ablated slices. Taken together, these results demonstrate that tonically active α7 nAChRs in CA3 pyramidal neurons and/or in the Mossy fibers that innervate the CA3 pyramidal neurons do in fact contribute to the maintenance of glutamatergic synaptic activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons of hippocampal slices under resting conditions.
A technique for removing platform vibration noise from a pulsed ladar vibration sensor

Abstract A technique has been developed for removing platform-induced vibration noise from a pulsed ladar vibration sensor. Deriving the vibrational characteristics of the platform is accomplished by simulating ambient atmospheric aerosols as a stationary reference target. Using a pulsed coherent detection ladar, the instantaneous Doppler frequency shifts from both aerosols and a distant hard target are measured and recorded, while the data acquisition is range gated so that both Doppler measurements are made from a single pulse. Periodic measurements are then made to develop a time history of the fluctuations in the Doppler signals, after which two vibration spectra are derived by Fourier transforming the time histories of the instantaneous Doppler shifts. The first spectrum contains information regarding the relative motion between the target and platform, while the second spectrum contains information regarding the relative motion between the platform and the stationary aerosols. When the second spectrum is subtracted from the first, the resulting spectrum is the true vibrational signature of the target. The advantages of this new technique over conventional continuous wave ladar vibration sensors are: target range information is obtainable; the average power required from the laser is significantly reduced; and additional sensing equipment is not needed to derive the platform-induced noise spectrum. The principles of this technique are experimentally verified using a 2 μm pulsed ladar.
Discovery of hidden crime: self-report delinquency surveys in criminal policy context

Kivivuori, Janne. 2011. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN-9780199639199. pp. 216, hbk. When criminologists want to know about the criminal or delinquent behavior of a sample of people and do ...
Measurement of Platelet-Mediated Force Development During Plasma Clot Formation

We have developed an instrument that measures force development during clot retraction. Clots are formed between an aluminum plate and cup. The plate is coupled to a strain gauge transducer. Force generated by platelets is transmitted to the upper plate and the resulting voltage change is recorded. Calibration using standard weights allows conversion of the voltage signal to dynes/cm2. Study parameters include lag phase prior to force development, maximum rate of force development (MRFD), and maximum force generated (MFG). When controlled for platelet count, ionic strength (0.15), pH (7.4), calcium concentration (10mM), thrombin concentration (1.5 u/ml), temperature, and gap distance (1 mm), measurements are reproducible. Control of each variable is critical since clot retraction depends on platelet function and fibrin structure. At 37 degrees C and 26 x 10(3) platelets/microL, the lag phase was 300 seconds, the MRFD was 0.69 dynes/(cm2 sec), and the force at 1000 seconds (MFG) was 2450 dynes. At 7.5 x 10(4) platelets/microL, the lag phase was 160 seconds, the MRFD was 1.06 dyne/(cm2 sec), and the MFG was 4400 dynes. Decreasing the sample temperature from 37 degrees C to 27 degrees C (75 x 10(3) platelets/microL) increases the lag phase from 170 to 300 seconds, decreases MRFD from 1.06 to 0.66 dynes/(cm2 sec), and decreases the MFG at 1000 seconds from 4,400 to 2,800 dynes. At 15 degrees C, retraction is totally inhibited. This instrument provides a simple way to quantify the impact of altered fibrin structure and platelet function on clot retraction. Measurement of force development during clot retraction may offer a new approach to the study of qualitative platelet dysfunction.
The OI 989‐Å tropical nightglow

Attention is given to the morphology and origin of the OI 989 A emission in the tropical nightglow. Dielectronic recombination of O(+) is suggested as the mechanism responsible for populating the 3s' 3D0 state of this 2p4 3P 3s' 3D0 emission. The spectrometer used is that aboard the STP 78-1 satellite, which is in sun-synchronous orbit. The emission morphology is characterized by tropical arcs on each side of the dip equator.
Stress concentration due to an oblate spheroidal inclusion

Abstract The stress concentration of an oblate spheroidal inclusion parallel to the stress and deformation axis is obtained by using Eshelby's theory. This is complementary to our previous study, in which stress concentration is analyzed for an oblate spheroidal inclusion normal to the stress and deformation axis. Effects of the elastic stiffness and the aspect ratio of the inclusion on the stress concentration are examined in detail. The internal stresses inside the inclusion, and at the matrix-inclusion boundary, are calculated considering inhomogeneity and plastic deformation effects. Stress concentrations at graphite flakes and nodules in cast iron are discussed.
Development of Critical flicker frequency in human infants.

Abstract The forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) technique was used to trace the development of critical flicker frequency (CFF) in human infants. CFF was found to improve markedly between 4 and 8 weeks of age and to a lesser extent between 8 and 12 weeks. The CFF of the 12-week-olds was not significantly different from the adult CFF measured under similar conditions. A decrease in luminance level resulted in a decrease in the CFF of 8-week-old infants that was qualitatively similar to the decrease found for adults.
SAW-based 100 MHz-bandwidth adaptive filter

We report the design and operation of a wideband adaptive filter which uses a 350-tap SAW/FET programmable transversal filter. The SAW/FET device incorporates surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) signal propagation in conjunction with a field-effect-transistor (FET)-controlled sampling array. The adaptive processor uses a digital computer to calculate the tap-weight updates and achieves up to 25 dB of adaptive CW cancellation.
Liquid-Gas Two-Phase Flow Simulation for Flat Fan Nozzles

This paper focuses on the numerical simulation of two-phase flow near the outlet of flat fan nozzles under low operating pressure. The moment-of-fluid (MOF) method is used for the representation of the liquid gas interface and the directional split method is used for the advection of the interface. A variable density pressure projection algorithm is used for the fluid solver and a block structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method is used to locally increase the resolution near interface. The internal geometry of the nozzle is defined by three parameters: nozzle inlet diameter D, V-cut or U-cut width W and V-cut or U-cut offset H. The effects of these three parameters on the fan exit angle and pressure loss through the nozzles are studied. Experiments are conducted to validate our simulation results. Finally, we give some conclusions about the modeling of the flat fan nozzle under low operating pressure based on our study.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The use of argon beam coagulation in pressure sore reconstruction

Summary Purpose : Pressure sores are a significant source of physical and financial burden for debilitated patients. When conservative measures fail, surgical reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps may be the last hope for cure and/or improved quality of life in these patients. Adequate haemostasis is an integral component of these reconstructive procedures, as bleeding and haematoma formation can lead to increased morbidity. This study was designed to investigate the use of argon beam coagulation in patients undergoing bony debridement and subsequent pressure sore reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps. Methods : The clinical records of 34 patients undergoing pressure sore reconstruction with the use of argon beam coagulation from 2004 to 2006 at an academic institution were reviewed and outcomes were assessed. Results : Reconstruction was performed by a single surgeon on 34 patients (31 men, three women; mean age 41±15 years), with a total of 41 pressure sores. Thirteen (32.5%) patients had evidence of osteomyelitis preoperatively and five (12.5%) had previous coccygectomies secondary to infection. Twenty-six (65%) of the pressure sores were treated with hamstring V-Y musculocutaneous flaps, 10 (25%) with gluteal flaps, and four (10%) with tensor fascia lata flaps. Overall, suture line dehiscence occurred in six (15%) cases, flap failure and pressure sore recurrence occurred in six (15%) cases, an abscess developed in one (2.5%) case, and a sinus tract with a superficial wound developed in one (2.5%) case. There were no complications related to haemostasis, including excessive bleeding or haematoma formation. Conclusions : Argon beam coagulation is an efficacious tool for achieving adequate haemostasis during pressure sore reconstruction, particularly when significant bony debridement is involved. The use of argon beam coagulation does not result in an increased complication or recurrence rate when compared with conventional electrocautery methods.
The relative impact of long and short reprimands on children's off-task behavior in the classroom

This study compared the relative impact of long and short reprimands on children's off-task behavior in a classroom. Subjects were seven hyperactive second and third graders. An alternating treatments design was employed. Short reprimands resulted in significantly lower rates of off-task behavior than did long reprimands when frequencies of praise and reprimands were controlled. A trend for a similar effect on academic performance was found. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ESSENTIALITY OF ERG GENES LATE IN ERGOSTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Isogenic strains of yeast were constructed, differing only in insertionally inactivated genes for ergosterol biosynthesis. These and their allelic wild-types were grown in competition to ascertain growth differences and any selective advantage for organisms producing sterols with or without specific features of ergosterol. In every instance tested, the wild-type allele afforded a competitive advantage over the isogenic pair producing modified sterol structures instead of ergosterol. A general trend was seen in which the earlier in the biosynthetic pathway that a mutation occurred, the less able the strain producing the defective sterols could compete with the ergosterol-producing strains.
SUMP: A Secure Unicast Messaging Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Most wireless ad hoc sensor networks are susceptible to routing level attacks, in which an adversary masquerades as a legitimate node to convince neighboring nodes that it is the "logical" next hop or is on a "better" path for forwarding packets, and arbitrarily drops the packets forwarded by neighboring nodes. In this paper, we propose a secure unicast messaging protocol (SUMP) for wireless ad hoc sensor networks to mitigate the threat of routing level attacks. SUMP groups nodes into levels based on hop count to provide hop-by-hop group authentication using Merkel hash trees. This method allows for varied levels of security in accordance with a node's hop count from the base station and secure, directed unicast communications from the base station to individual nodes. Unlike other sensor network security protocols that require the storage of parent node information, a sensor node running SUMP does not store parent node information, therefore preventing an adversary from gaining information of other nodes from a compromised node.
Wnt11-R, a protein closely related to mammalian Wnt11, is required for heart morphogenesis in Xenopus.

Abstract Wnt11 is a secreted protein that signals through the non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway and is a potent modulator of cell behavior and movement. In human, mouse, and chicken, there is a single Wnt11 gene, but in zebrafish and Xenopus, there are two genes related to Wnt11. The originally characterized Xenopus Wnt11 gene is expressed during early embryonic development and has a critical role in regulation of gastrulation movements. We have identified a second Xenopus Wnt11-Related gene (Wnt11-R) that is expressed after gastrulation. Sequence comparison suggests that Xenopus Wnt11-R, not Wnt11, is the ortholog of mammalian and chicken Wnt11. Xenopus Wnt11-R is expressed in neural tissue, dorsal mesenchyme derived from the dermatome region of the somites, the brachial arches, and the muscle layer of the heart, similar to the expression patterns reported for mouse and chicken Wnt11. Xenopus Wnt11-R exhibits biological properties similar to those previously described for Xenopus Wnt11, in particular the ability to activate Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and to induce myocardial marker expression in ventral marginal zone (VMZ) explants. Morpholino inhibition experiments demonstrate, however, that Wnt11-R is not required for cardiac differentiation, but functions in regulation of cardiac morphogenesis. Embryos with reduced Wnt11-R activity exhibit aberrant cell–cell contacts within the myocardial wall and defects in fusion of the nascent heart tube.
An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Software Vulnerability Announcements on Firm Stock Price

Security defects in software cost millions of dollars to firms in terms of downtime, disruptions, and confidentiality breaches. However, the economic implications of these defects for software vendors are not well understood. Lack of legal liability and the presence of switching costs and network externalities may protect software vendors from incurring significant costs in the event of a vulnerability announcement, unlike such industries as auto and pharmaceuticals, which have been known to suffer significant loss in market value in the event of a defect announcement. Although research in software economics has studied firms' incentives to improve overall quality, there have not been any studies which show that software vendors have an incentive to invest in building more secure software. The objectives of this paper are twofold. 1) We examine how a software vendor's market value changes when a vulnerability is announced. 2) We examine how firm and vulnerability characteristics mediate the change in the market value of a vendor. We collect data from leading national newspapers and industry sources, such as the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT), by searching for reports on published software vulnerabilities. We show that vulnerability announcements lead to a negative and significant change in a software vendor's market value. In our sample, on average, a vendor loses around 0.6 percent value in stock price when a vulnerability is reported. We find that a software vendor loses more market share if the market is competitive or if the vendor is small. To provide further insight, we use the information content of the disclosure announcement to classify vulnerabilities into various types. We find that the change in stock price is more negative if the vendor fails to provide a patch at the time of disclosure. Also, more severe flaws have a significantly greater impact. Our analysis provides many interesting implications for software vendors as well as policy makers.
Using a Micro-Level Model to Generate a Macro-Level Model of Productive Successful Aging

Purpose of the Study: Aging successfully entails good ph ysical and cognitive health, as well as ongoing participation in social and productive activity. This study hones in on participation in productive activity, a factor that makes an important contribution to successful aging. One conceptual model of productive activity in later life specifies the antecedents and consequences of productivity. This study draws on that micro-level model to develop a corresponding macro-level model and assesses its utility for examining the predictors of and explaining the relationships between one form of productivity (labor force participation rates) and one aspect of well-being (average life expectancy) among males and females. Design and Methods: R andom effects regression models and path analysis were used to analyze cross-national longitudinal data for 24 high-income Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries at seven time points (1980–2010; 168 observations total). Results: OECD countries with higher labor force par ticipation rates among older workers have higher life expectancies. Labor force participation mediates the effects of gross domestic product per capita on male and female life expectancy, and it mediates the effect of self-employment rate for men, but it acts as a suppressor with regard to the effect of public spending on male and female life expectancy. Implications: A well-known micro-level model of producti ve activity can be fruitfully adapted to account for macro-level cross-national variation in productivity and well-being.
Need help? The effects of training on Web searches

This study investigates the effects of logic training, interface training, and the type of search interface on the search process. We found that limited training in basic Boolean logic was sufficient to improve performance with a simple search interface. Similar improvements were observed with the assisted search interface, even without interface training. Promoting logic training or the use of the advanced search feature would therefore benefit users of today's search engines.
WLRP: a resource reservation protocol for quality of service in next-generation wireless networks

QoS guarantees for wireless mobile applications require advance resource allocation. In this paper, we propose a signaling protocol for resource allocation in wireless environments, based on RSVP. It addresses the issue of scalability in RSVP by ensuring lower per-connection state storage and lesser control messaging. It provides wireless applications parameters such as loss negotiability, loss profile, and hand-over quality besides bandwidth and jitter to express their QoS demands with greater granularity. The simulation results show a significant improvement in the application QoS.
Combination medical treatment for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a network meta‐analysis

Abstract This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: The objectives of this review are to examine the comparative effectiveness and safety of different glaucoma fixed combination therapies and monotherapies in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension and to provide relative rankings of these treatments.
Estimating mean scatterer spacing with the frequency-smoothed spectral autocorrelation function

The quasiperiodicity of regularly spaced scatterers results in characteristic patterns in the spectra of backscattered ultrasonic signals from which the mean scatterer spacing can be estimated. The mean spacing has been considered for classifying certain biological tissue. This paper addresses the problem of estimating the mean scatterer spacing from backscattered ultrasound signals using the frequency-smoothed spectral autocorrelation (SAC) function. The SAC function exploits characteristic differences between the phase spectrum of the resolvable quasiperiodic scatterers and the unresolvable uniformly distributed (diffuse) scatterers to improve estimator performance over other estimators that operate directly on the magnitude spectrum. Mean scatterer spacing estimates are compared for the frequency-smoothed SAC function and a cepstral technique using an AR model. Simulation results indicate that SAC-based estimates converge more reliably over smaller amounts of data than cepstrum-based estimates. An example of computing an estimate from liver tissue scans is also presented for the SAC function and the AR cepstrum. >
Antiinflammatory effect of preoperative ketorolac in phacoemulsification

We report the antiinflammatory effect and efficacy of preoperative treatment with ketorolac in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis having phacoemulsification. This 70-year-old woman was on a maintenance dose of systemic methylprednisolone at the time of uneventful phacoemulsification in the left eye. She developed a sterile hypopyon on the first postoperative day and was treated aggressively with topical and systemic therapy, resulting in a gradual resolution of the inflammatory response. The patient subsequently had phacoemulsification in the right eye. The only significant difference in the preoperative management this time was that the patient received topical ofloxacin and ketorolac 4 days before surgery. The postoperative inflammatory response was much more controlled. The patient was continued on ketorolac and prednisolone acetate, resulting in the usual postoperative inflammatory response.
A SP2T and a SP4T switch using low loss piezoelectric MEMS

This paper presents Single Pole Double Throw (SP2T) and Single Pole Four Throw (SP4T) switches using piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) switches measured from DC to 50 GHz. The overall performance of the switches shows better than 20 dB isolation up to 50 GHz when the MEMS switches are in the off or zero volt state. When the switches are actuated with 7 V, the SP2T shows less than 1.8 dB of insertion loss while the SP4T shows less than 2 dB of insertion loss, on average, up to 40 GHz. In addition, an undercut in the device is introduced in the junction region of the switches to allow for increased power handling and the response shows negligible change compared to the original switch design.
Optical Absorption of DNA–Carbon Nanotube Structures

We measured the UV optical absorption of single-stranded DNA bound to single-walled carbon nanotubes (DNA/SWNT). The nucleotide absorbance from DNA/SWNT provides the first experimental confirmation that DNA binds to nanotubes through π-stacking. Because the hypochromic absorbance typical of π-stacked structures are expected to occur primarily for DNA dipole transitions that lie along the axis of the optically anisotropic SWNTs, the absorbance changes following binding of DNA to nanotubes reveal the preferred orientation assumed by each of the four bound nucleotides with respect to the nanotube's long axis.
Is CMV a target in pediatric glioblastoma? Expression of CMV proteins, pp65 and IE1-72 and CMV nucleic acids in a cohort of pediatric glioblastoma patients

While the 5-year overall survival is better in pediatric than in adult patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM), outcomes in children remain very poor. Understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor propagation can identify therapeutic targets to improve these outcomes. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) proteins and nucleic acids are present in the majority of adult GBM. Indeed, CMV is emerging as a potential glioma-associated target for anti-CMV agents and cellular therapeutics. Furthermore, CMV appears to contribute to GBM’s malignant phenotype, although its role in tumorigenesis is less certain. In this cohort of 25 serially diagnosed pediatric GBMs, the largest described cohort to date, we used immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization to show the presence of CMV antigens pp65 and IE1-72 as well as CMV nucleic acids, respectively. Our cohort indicated either CMV antigen pp65 or IE1-72 was present in approximately 67 % of pediatric GBM samples. The majority of samples stained positive for either CMV antigen showing a cytoplasmic pattern in 25-50 % of cells within the sample at a moderate intensity, while a few samples showed nuclear staining and higher grade/intensity. Of 16 samples where in situ hybridization was performed, 13 (81 %) showed specific staining using a CMV genome specific probe cocktail. ISH positive samples showed high concordance with being pp65 or IE1-72 positive. These findings, paired with the association of CMV expression with poor prognosis and overall survival, indicate the need to further investigate how these antigens are promoting tumor growth and preventing cell death. Also, the expression of these antigens in a majority of tumor tissues should be considered for immunotherapeutic targets in cases of pediatric GBM.