cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of a vertical drilling system using a cascade sliding mode controller

This paper investigates a nonlinear control design for the vertical downhole drilling process. The drilling system dynamics are first built incorporating both the axial and the torsional dynamics together with a velocity independent drill bit-rock interaction model. Given the underactuated, nonlinear and non-smooth feature of the drilling dynamics, we propose a new control design method to prevent significant downhole vibrations and to achieve desired rate of penetration. Specifically, the controller is designed using a sequence of hyperplanes given in a cascade structure, which allows stabilization of the closed loop system without occurrence of stick-slip oscillations while ensuring robustness against modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. The cascade architecture of the controller also allows its extension to higher order cases if more complicated drilling dynamics model is needed for the control synthesis. To this end, simulation results are exhibited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Self-testing for pregnancy among women at risk: a randomized controlled trial.

Background The timing of pregnancy recognition affects early pregnancy and the timing of prenatal care. Little research has been done on how to make women at risk more alert to the possibility of pregnancy. Design The study was an RCT performed and analyzed between 2006 and 2007. Setting/participants Participants were low-income, adult women who were having unprotected intercourse and were not actively trying to conceive. Intervention Women in the intervention group received a free home-pregnancy test kit and were able to order more kits as needed. Six-month follow-up information was obtained. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were suspicion and testing for pregnancy. Results Ninety-one percent of the 198 participants completed the study. Women in the intervention group suspected pregnancy 2.3 times during the 6-month period compared to 1.2 times for women in the control group (p Conclusions Women who were having unprotected intercourse were more likely to suspect and test for pregnancy if they were supplied with a free home-pregnancy test kit. Trial registration NCT00390754
The influence of maternal life stressors on breastfeeding outcomes: a US population-based study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of maternal financial, emotional, traumatic, and partner-associated stressors on breastfeeding initiation and duration.Methods: ...
Towards self-learning based hypotheses generation in biomedical text domain.

Motivation The overwhelming amount of research articles in the domain of bio-medicine might cause important connections to remain unnoticed. Literature Based Discovery is a sub-field within biomedical text mining that peruses these articles to formulate high confident hypotheses on possible connections between medical concepts. Although many alternate methodologies have been proposed over the last decade, they still suffer from scalability issues. The primary reason, apart from the dense inter-connections between biological concepts, is the absence of information on the factors that lead to the edge-formation. In this work, we formulate this problem as a collaborative filtering task and leverage a relatively new concept of word-vectors to learn and mimic the implicit edge-formation process. Along with single-class classifier, we prune the search-space of redundant and irrelevant hypotheses to increase the efficiency of the system and at the same time maintaining and in some cases even boosting the overall accuracy. Results We show that our proposed framework is able to prune up to 90% of the hypotheses while still retaining high recall in top-K results. This level of efficiency enables the discovery algorithm to look for higher-order hypotheses, something that was infeasible until now. Furthermore, the generic formulation allows our approach to be agile to perform both open and closed discovery. We also experimentally validate that the core data-structures upon which the system bases its decision has a high concordance with the opinion of the experts.This coupled with the ability to understand the edge formation process provides us with interpretable results without any manual intervention. Availability and implementation The relevant JAVA codes are available at: https://github.com/vishrawas/Medline-Code_v2. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis and Estrous Diagnostic Potential of Headspace Sampling Above Bovine Body Fluids

The complete expression of bull sexual behavior depends on cues from both volatile and non-volatile portions of biological fluid samples from a cow in estrus (Rivard and Klemm, 1990). By displaying those behaviors, bulls demonstrate their ability to perceive specific volatile signals (Klemm et al., 1987). Our investigations in cycling cattle have shown that the female releases a pheromone two to three days prior to estrus. As determined by bull behavioral assay, blood contains this pheromone. Glands releasing this pheromone are located at the mucocutaneous junction of the vulva, from which a clear secretion can be expelled by gentle squeezing of the glands (Rivard and Klemm, 1989). We now postulate that there are estrous-specific volatile compounds above bovine body fluids such as blood, vulval skin gland secretion (VSG), and follicular fluid (FF) that correlate with progesterone/estrogen blood levels just prior to estrus.
Angiogenesis as a component of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions

Here we review the role of angiogenesis as it pertains to the interactions between the epithelium and the mesenchyme, especially during tumor growth and metastasis. We illustrate and discuss several models of angiogenesis including endothelial tube formation on Matrigel. Finally, we examine angiogenic factors using the Matrigel model and investigate several other matrix molecules for their importance in angiogenesis and epithelial/stromal interactions.
Massive osteolysis (acute spontaneous absorption of bone, phantom bone, disappearing bone); its relation to hemangiomatosis.

1. There now exists the basis for a new syndrome which is supported by a remarkable similarity of clinical and roentgenographic findings in twenty-four cases, and by an equally convincing similarity of the histological picture in eight of these, which we have personally studied.2. However it is acco
Mechanisms of Slip Weakening and Healing in Glass at Co-Seismic Slip Rates

The determination of co-seismic slip resistance in earth faults is critical for understanding the magnitude of shear stress reduction and hence the near-fault acceleration that can occur duringearthquakes. Knowledge of shear resistance dependency on slip velocity, slip distance, normal stress, and surface roughness is fundamental information for understanding earthquake physics and the energy released during such events. In the present study plate-impact pressure-shear friction experiments were employed to investigate the frictional resistance in soda-lime glass at relevant normal pressures and co-seismic slip rates. Detailed atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to understand the microstructures formed during the sliding process.
Gender Differences and Work-Family Conflicts among Emergency Physicians with Intention to Leave.

Backgrounds. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among intention to leave, emergency physician clinical activities, work-family conflicts, and gender differences in emergency physicians (EPs). Methods. The survey instrument was a self-administered questionnaire containing basic demographic information and characteristics of clinical activities. The work-family conflicts were assessed by the Chinese version of the work-family conflict (WIF) scale. The questionnaires were mailed to board-certified EPs between January 2014 and August 2014. Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the difference between subgroups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with intention to leave and gender differences. Results. The study included 222 respondents for analysis after exclusions. Compared with physicians not planning to leave, those planning to leave ED practice showed higher dissatisfaction with their clinical work hours (50.0% versus 31.4%, p = 0.035) and night/day shift ratio (52.9% versus 31.0%, p = 0.013) and tended to work with night/day shift ratio exceeding 40% (67.6% versus 45.7%, p = 0.019). Female physicians were more likely to leave ED practice (females versus males, 26.5% versus 10.1%, p = 0.008). A significantly higher level of WIF scale was noted in the group with intention to leave ED practice (3.7 ± 0.6 versus 3.3 ± 0.7, p = 0.001). Conclusions. Females and EPs with higher level of WIF scale were more likely to leave emergency clinical practice. Instead of the number of clinical practice hours, the satisfaction with the clinical work hours and night shift frequency were significantly associated with the intention to leave.
Pd Nanoparticle Catalysts Supported on Nitrogen-Functionalized Activated Carbon for Oxyanion Hydrogenation and Water Purification

We provide an efficient, sustainable, low-cost, and potentially scalable method to prepare N-functionalized activated carbon (AC) for Pd-based catalysis with improved performance for water purification. N-functionalized AC supports were realized via “soft nitriding”, that is, low temperature heating of a urea–AC mixture, and Pd nanoparticles with a significantly increased number of surface Pd(0) sites were achieved on the supports. Moreover, Pd nanoparticles were preferentially loaded near the (treated) AC exterior surface. N-functionalization improved nitrite and bromate hydrogenation kinetics but not for chlorite and chlorate, suggesting that different mechanisms determine the reaction activity of these oxyanions.
Bivariate Genome-Wide Association Scan Identifies 6 Novel Loci Associated With Lipid Levels and Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Plasma lipid levels are heritable and genetically associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) routinely analyze these traits i...
High-dose radiation therapy is needed for intracranial control and long-term survival in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor brain metastases.

The presence of brain metastases (BM) in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) is associated with poor prognosis. While radiation therapy (RT) is an important treatment for patients with NSGCT BM, there is a paucity of data on the optimal regimen. We sought to investigate the impact of RT on clinical outcomes in patients with NSGCT BM. Patients with NSGCT BM who received RT at our institution from 2002 to 2017 were included. Sixty-three consecutive patients were identified. Clinical factors associated with intracranial control (ICC) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using cox regression analysis and Kaplan Meier method. Median age was 31 years and number of BM was three. Fifteen patients presented with BM at diagnosis, while 48 developed BM at a median time of 8.4 months from diagnosis. At a median follow-up of 3.6 years, ICC and OS were 39.7% and 30.1%. On multivariate analysis, ICC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93, p = 0.03) and OS (HR = 0.93, p = 0.005) were both significantly associated with biologically effective dose (BED) of RT. The 4-year OS of patients who received BED < 39Gy, 39 Gy, 40–50 Gy, and ≥ 50 Gy were 0%, 14.7%, 34.1%, and 70.0%, respectively. Patients who achieved ICC after RT were able to achieve long-term survival (4-year OS 68.1% vs. 0%, p < 0.0001). Our data supports that a higher BED is required for durable ICC, and that ICC is needed for patients with NSGCT to achieve long-term survival. Prospective studies evaluating radiation dose-escalation for the treatment of NSGCT BM should be considered.
A protein interaction free energy model based on amino acid residue contributions: Assessment of point mutation stability of T4 lysozyme.

Here we present a model to estimate the interaction free energy contribution of each amino acid residue of a given protein. Protein interaction energy is described in terms of per-residue interacti...
Biobased Tannic Acid Cross-Linked Epoxy Thermosets with Hierarchical Molecular Structure and Tunable Properties: Damping, Shape Memory, and Recyclability

Biomass derivative and recyclability are two major factors in developing sustainable epoxy thermosets that cope with the global oil crisis and climate change. However, the major bottleneck persists...
A Web-Based Tool to Automate Portions of Pretest Genetic Counseling for Inherited Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Increasing demand for genetic testing for inherited cancer risk coupled with a shortage of providers trained in genetics highlight the potential for automated tools embedded in the clinic process to meet this demand. We developed and tested a scalable, easy-to-use, 12-minute web-based educational tool that included standard pretest genetic counseling elements related to panel-based testing for multiple genes associated with cancer risk. METHODS: The tool was viewed by new patients at the Vanderbilt Hereditary Cancer Clinic before meeting with a board-certified genetics professional. Pre- and post-tool surveys measured knowledge, feeling informed/empowered to decide about testing, attitudinal values about genetic testing, and health literacy. Of the initial 100 participants, 50 were randomized to only have knowledge measured on the post-tool survey to assess for a priming effect. RESULTS: Of 360 patients approached, 305 consented and completed both the pre- and post-tool surveys, with a mean age of 47 years, including 80% female patients and 48% patients with cancer. Survey results showed an increase in knowledge and feeling informed/empowered after viewing the tool (P<.001), but no significant change in attitude (P=.64). Post-tool survey data indicated no difference in median knowledge between low and high health literacy groups (P=.30). No priming effect was present among the initial 100 participants (P=.675). CONCLUSIONS: Viewing the educational tool resulted in significant gains in knowledge across health literacy levels, and most individuals felt informed and empowered to decide about genetic testing. These findings indicate that the use of an automated pretest genetic counseling tool may help streamline the delivery of genetic services.
SINGLE-STAR H II REGIONS AS A PROBE OF MASSIVE STAR SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS

The shape of OB-star ionizing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is a critical component in many diagnostics of galaxy and interstellar medium properties. To quantitatively examine the shape of the OB-star SED, we compare long slit observations of single-star, Large Magellanic Cloud H II regions to the predictions from CLOUDY photoionization simulations that use CoStar, TLUSTY, and WM-basic stellar atmosphere models as the ionizing source. For each atmosphere model, we run grids of H II region simulations with the effective temperature (T eff) of the star as a free parameter. The best SEDs from each atmosphere code are found by matching the predicted emission-line spectra with those observed from the nebulae. By assuming a clumpy gas distribution, all atmosphere codes are able to reproduce the observed emission lines, except at the highest energy transitions 40 eV. Taking into account both low and high energy transitions, we find that simulations using WM-basic produce the best agreement with the observed line ratios. The rates of ionizing photons from different atmosphere models vary systematically with the relative hardness of the SEDs. However, in general the rates produced by the model SEDs, for standard log(g) = 4.0 models, are consistent with the rates derived from the Hα luminosities. We find that our effective temperatures inferred from the nebular ionization balance are consistent with those predicted by conventional photospheric-based calibrations from the literature. We suggest that future spectral type to T eff calibrations can be constructed from nebular data.
With Language in Mind

Does language have a role to play in conceptual development, and if so, what is that role? Understanding the contents of another person’s mind parallels the development in early childhood of mental...
Initial Experience Assessing the Feasibility of Conscious Sedation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Pulmonic Valve Implantation

Background: Transcatheter pulmonic valve implantation (TPVI) is a minimally invasive procedure that treats patients with dysfunction of the pulmonic valve or right-ventricular-to-pulmonary artery c...
Murder and Its Consequences: Essays on Capital Punishment in America

The essays in Murder and Its Consequences span several periods in the history of capital punishment in America and the professional career of Leigh Bienen, a leading researcher on the death penalty. "A Good Murder" describes the subtle relationship between high-profile murders and the death penalty, while "The Proportionality Review of Capital Cases" places the well-known study of proportionality in New Jersey within a nationwide context. "Anomalies" suggests that the arcane protocols written for lethal injection have little to do with insuring humane executions, but rather are concerned with protecting the sensibilities of witnesses and the liability of corrections officials. Other essays address the groundbreaking developments surrounding the death penalty in Illinois, and take a retrospective look at the evolution of her own and the country's thinking about this complex, divisive topic.
WE-D-210-03: Microbubble Pumps: Â Ultrasound Theragnostic Agents

The utilization of ultrasound contrast agents offers significant promise in enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound imaging as well as offering new, noninvasive approaches for therapeutic intervention. The presentations in this session will provide an overview of current and future clinical diagnostic applications of ultrasound contrast for patient management, recent advances in the design and development of ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging, as well as the development of novel microbubble agents for theragnostic applications. Learning Objectives: 1. Develop an understanding of the current and future applications of ultrasound contrast agents for clinical application and preclinical research. 2. Develop a general understanding of the underlying technologies associated with improving the diagnostic capabilities of contrast– enhanced ultrasound imaging as well as potential noninvasive approaches for therapeutic intervention. Dr. Rychak is an employee of Targeson, Inc; NIH RO1 NS047603 and NIH RO1 HL074002, Holland: NIH RO1 NS047603 and NIH RO1 HL074002
Demonstration of all-fiber narrowband polarimeter based on coherent acousto-optic mode coupling

A novel all-fiber narrowband polarimeter based on acousto-optic coupling from two orthogonal acoustic waves is proposed and demonstrated. The polarimeter can selectively monitor individual channels in a WDM system with wavelength separation of >1.6 nm.
MANAGEMENT OF THE HIGH YIELDING DAIRY COW

This paper briefly discusses the management of dairy cattle, with particular reference to the following: feeding, and competition within the herd for feed and water resources, stress and how to recognise stressed behaviour in cows, and design of facilities (including milking parlours) to reduce stress and contribute to increasing milk yield.
Crystal structure of an activated response regulator bound to its target.

The chemotactic regulator CheY controls the direction of flagellar rotation in Escherichia coli. We have determined the crystal structure of BeF3−-activated CheY from E. coli in complex with an N-terminal peptide derived from its target, FliM. The structure reveals that the first seven residues of the peptide pack against the β4-H4 loop and helix H4 of CheY in an extended conformation, whereas residues 8–15 form two turns of helix and pack against the H4-β5-H5 face. The peptide binds the only region of CheY that undergoes noticeable conformational change upon activation and would most likely be sandwiched between activated CheY and the remainder of FliM to reverse the direction of flagellar rotation.
1H and 13C NMR assignments for a series of Diels-Alder adducts of anthracene and 9-substituted anthracenes

Keywords: 1H NMR; 13C NMR; HSQC; HMBC; Diels-Alder reaction; Anthracene derivatives; Crystal structures
Current Mirror Layout Strategies for Enhancing Matching Performance

This paper proposes new current mirror layout strategies to reduce the matching sensitivity to the linear parameter gradients. Effects of threshold gradients across a mirror on the matching characteristics of current mirrors are discussed. The performance of new and existing layouts are compared for threshold voltage gradients at arbitrary angles through the active area. Simulation results show a significant improvement in matching characteristics of the proposed structures over what is achievable with existing layout techniques in demanding applications.
The Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Spt7 Gene Encodes a Very Acidic Protein Important for Transcription in Vivo

Mutations in the SPT7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae originally were identified as suppressors of Ty and {delta small} insertion mutations in the 5' regions of the HIS4 and LYS2 genes. Other genes that have been identified in mutant hunts of this type have been shown to play a role in transcription. In this work we show that SPT7 is also important for proper transcription in vivo. We have cloned and sequenced the SPT7 gene and have shown that it encodes a large, acidic protein that is localized to the nucleus. The SPT7 protein contains a bromodomain sequence; a deletion that removes the bromodomain from the SPT7 protein causes no detectable mutant phenotype. Strains that contain an spt7 null mutation are viable but grow very slowly and have transcriptional defects at many loci including insertion mutations, Ty elements, the INO1 gene and the MFA1 gene. These transcriptional defects and other mutant phenotypes are similar to those caused by certain mutations in SPT15, which encodes the TATA binding protein (TBP). The similarity of the phenotypes of spt7 and spt15 mutants, including effects of spt7 mutations on the transcription start site of certain genes, suggests that SPT7 plays an important role in transcription initiation in vivo.
GAD: A 12-GS/s CMOS 4-bit A/D converter for an equalized multi-level link

A 4-bit 12-GSample/sec A/D converter (GAD) has been fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process to investigate the design of an equalized multi-level link. Clocked differential amplifiers were used to sample the input, followed by high-speed comparators with current-summed offset cancellation. Input bandwidth was measured at 2.5 GHz. Eight 1.5-GSample/sec flash A/D converters were interleaved to achieve the aggregate sample rate.
Using functional data analysis of diurnal ozone and NOx cycles to inform transportation emissions control

Ozone pollution is caused by photochemical reactions of precursor volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, of which transportation emissions are the single major source. Understanding the complexity of diurnal ozone processes and their relationships with precursors is thus critical for identifying optimal transportation emissions control strategies. This paper uses functional data analysis methods to model the dynamics of diurnal ozone and nitrogen oxides cycles, their interrelationships, and the multilevel spatio-temporal variations of ozone and nitrogen oxides measurements from Southern California. Functional data analysis accounts for the continuous nature of diurnal ozone/nitrogen oxides processes by converting discrete observations into functional diurnal curves. Results show important, but low-dimensional, spatio-temporal variations in diurnal ozone/nitrogen oxides cycles. Representative summer diurnal ozone profiles are constructed using functional clustering. Variability in hourly distribution of traffic activities and emissions is also discussed.
Differentiation and High-Stakes Testing: An Oxymoron?.

Is meeting diverse learning needs through differentiation incompatible with the high-stakes testing that is now a way of life for many teachers and students across the nation? Recognizing that testing is here to stay for the foreseeable future, this article considers ways to bring differentiation and high-stakes testing together for the benefit of all learners. The article begins with a review of the importance of attending to individual learning needs, and then discusses conflicts that arise when attention to learner needs collides with attention to high stakes tests. The article defines key skills demonstrated by teachers who effectively differentiate curriculum and instruction, and shares data illustrating one teacher's success in enhancing student performance on high stakes tests. The author suggests actions that educators may take to facilitate differentiation when accountability mandates threaten to undermine the personal nature of education.
"Cortar" la sustanciación de una causa y remitir la pena ejemplificados con dos causas criminales por abigeato a fines del siglo XVIII en el Reino de Chile

El trabajo aborda la legislacion aplicable al delito de abigeato tanto por el derecho Castellano Supletorio como por disposiciones evacuadas en el derecho originario chileno, y enfatiza en la importancia para el Reino de Chile de las actividades conectadas con la ganaderia y la utilizacion de sus sub productos. Y en lo central se aboca a estudiar la sustanciacion de dos causas criminales por abigeato en los anos 1792 y 1794, juicios en los que los fiscales demostraron palmariamente las culpabilidades de los acusados, pero que, y esto es clave en el derecho autogenerado en Chile, fueron finalmente puestos en libertad, a pesar de todas las agravantes, para desahogar las carceles por haber cumplido gran parte de la pena o por indulto real.
Implementation of P.L. 99–457 State Technical Assistance Needs

The implementation of P.L. 99–457 will require dramatic changes in policies and service provision in many states. The successful development of a comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary service system will require a considerable amount of technical assistance to states. In order to understand more clearly the nature of these needs, this article presents a definition of technical assistance; a description of developmental levels in the provision of comprehensive, coordinated services; an approach to designing a system of comprehensive services; and a brief discussion of major needs that are likely to exist across states.
Ozone Modeling Using Neural Networks

Abstract Ozone models for the city of Tulsa were developed using neural network modeling techniques. The neural models were developed using meteorological data from the Oklahoma Mesonet and ozone, nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data from Environmental Protection Agency monitoring sites in the Tulsa area. An initial model trained with only eight surface meteorological input variables and NO2 was able to simulate ozone concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. The trained model was then used to evaluate the sensitivity to the primary variables that affect ozone concentrations. The most important variables (NO2, temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity) showed response curves with strong nonlinear codependencies. Incorporation of ozone concentrations from the previous 3 days into the model increased the correlation coefficient to 0.82. As expected, the ozone concentrations correlated best with the most recent (1-day previous) values. The model’s correlation coefficient was i...
Fluorophors formed from imidazoles

Abstract By varying the conditions of reacting methylhistamine, histamine, histidine, 3-methylhistidine, 1-methylhistidine, methylimidazoleacetic acid, and imidazoleacetic acid with NBS and OPD, fluorophors are obtained which could be exploited for the measurement of these substances in biological material.
The Gesell developmental schedule in hispanic low-birth weight infants during the first year of life

Abstract The Gesell Schedule was administered to 143 low birthweight, high-risk, Hispanic infants of low-socioeconomic status to determine if this test was appropriate for this population. All but 5 were preterms, 73 females, 70 males. The infants were evaluated at 20 and 40 weeks corrected chronological age (CCA). The Gesell appears to be a useful developmental test for this population. Values for the overall developmental quotient (DQ) did not deviate from the Gesell norms, despite the infants' relatively poor growth pattern. Slight deviations from the norm in gross motor, fine motor, and language subscales were observed at 40 weeks CCA. Repeated measure analyses of variance revealed a significant decline in overall developmental, language, and fine motor quotients from 20 to 40 weeks. Birth-weight (BW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) categories influenced the outcome.
Effect of smoking on abdominal aortic aneurysms: novel insights through murine models

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a poorly understood and fatal disease. The etiology of the disease is believed to be multifactorial. Of all the recognized clinical associations, none has a greater impact on the incidence and progression of the disease than exposure to tobacco smoke. Novel murine models developed over the past several years present the opportunity to investigate the mechanism of this critical clinical relationship.
The Attitudes of Middle Class Male and Female Consumers Regarding the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsers

Abstract This study analyzes consumer perceptions regarding the effectiveness of celebrity endorsers in relation to the AIDA framework and the match-up hypothesis. Findings indicate that celebrity endorsers influence both men and women, but men were influenced to a greater degree than women. The main AIDA influence is the celebrity endorser's ability to get and hold attention. Celebrity endorsers also appear to help products stand out from the competition, and make ads more memorable, as well as enhancing brand awareness, particularly for desired products. Indications are that the most important celebrity source characteristic is expertise, which apparently can overcome certain celebrity character flaws, such as the lack of trustworthiness and likeability.
An Integrated Approach for Friction Damper Design

A procedure is outlined for determining the optimal design of friction dampers for high speed turbomachinery blading. The procedure includes: an integration of bench test results with finite element analysis and a single mode blade model to ensure accuracy of the analytical model and improve reliability of the friction damper design; an extension of the single mode blade model to predict the engine behavior of friction dampers; and a new way of viewing analytical and experimental results to determine optimal design parameters when the levels of excitation and damping in the system are unknown. Analysis and experiments are performed on a test disk in order to demonstrate and verify the accuracy of the design procedure.
Functional Characteristics of the Left Ventricular Inflow and Outflow Tracts

Simultaneous pressures were recorded from the left ventricular inflow and outflow tracts in 14 dogs. In 10 the inflow tract entered systole 4 to 18 msec before the corresponding outflow tract. In 12 additional animals, differential pressure recordings from the two tracts confirmed precedence in the inflow tract. In four animals, strain gauge recordings from the epicardial surfaces of the inflow and outflow tracts exhibited asynchrony with precedence in the inflow tract. Hearts excised from freshly-sacrificed animals or hearts stopped in diastole by KCI infusion showed a single, openly-communicating ventricular chamber. In contrast, hearts arrested in systole by infusion of CaCl 2 revealed a separation of the left ventricle by the apposition of the anterior and posterior papillary muscles and the dependent mitral valve leaflet. The apparent conduction velocity of an impact pressure wave from inflow to outflow tract depended upon the portion of the cardiac cycle during which it was delivered. From a maximum of 14 M/sec in mid and late diastole, it decreased to 6.9 M/sec in early systole and 5.5 M/sec in early diastole. Complete attenuation of pressure wave transmission often occurred during maximum systole. These data support the concept that the left ventricle may become separated, during systole, into an inflow and outflow tract. It appears that the division is accomplished by a change in the systolic ventricular architecture, with apposition of the anterior and posterior papillary muscles and the downward movement of the mitral valve leaflets. It is probable that this phenomenon is functional in hearts working near the lower limits of their systolic reserve.
Efficient Processing of Alternately Polarized Radar Signals

Abstract Processing of simultaneous measurements of differential polarization parameters (differential reflectivity, ZDR, and differential phase shift, ϕDP) and Doppler spectral moments is discussed. It is shown how ZDR and ϕDP modulate the Doppler signal and what effects they have on the autocovariance at lag 1 if a sequence of alternately polarized fields (linear horizontal, H, and vertical, V) is transmitted. A scheme to overcome these effects is proposed and demonstrated on recorded time series data from a radar with polarization diversity.
The revised Atlanta classification for acute pancreatitis: updates in imaging terminology and guidelines.

Imaging of acute pancreatitis requires not only an understanding of the disease subtypes and the myriad of associated complications but also familiarity with the appropriate radiologic nomenclature as defined by the Atlanta symposium in 1992 and, more recently, by the Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group in 2008. The accurate description of the radiological findings plays a critical role in the evaluation and management of patients with acute pancreatitis, particularly those with severe disease. There have been increasing efforts to develop uniformity in the use of terminology used to define the radiologic findings in acute pancreatitis, in particular, the terminology for fluid collections, a common area of inconsistency and confusion. Terms such as “acute peripancreatic fluid collections,” “acute post- necrotic fluid collections,” “pseudocyst,” and “walled-off pancreatic necrosis” are now recommended as they describe the evolution of fluid collections in patients with both interstitial and necrotizing pancreatitis and nonspecific terms such as “pancreatic abscess” and “phlegmon” are being abandoned. In this review we illustrate, with case examples, the standardized terminology used in the radiological and clinical description of acute pancreatitis, its severity, and complications with an emphasis on the role of ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Different management options of the associated complications are also discussed. The use of standardized terminology will hopefully improve the communication between radiologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons to facilitate treatment planning and will lead to enhanced outcomes for patients with acute pancreatitis as well as create uniformity for enrollment into research studies.
Snagger: A user-friendly program for incorporating additional information for tagSNP selection

There has been considerable effort focused on developing efficient programs for tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Many of these programs do not account for potential reduced genomic coverage resulting from genotyping failures nor do they preferentially select SNPs based on functionality, which may be more likely to be biologically important. We have developed a user-friendly and efficient software program, Snagger, as an extension to the existing open-source software, Haploview, which uses pairwise r2 linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to select tagSNPs. Snagger distinguishes itself from existing SNP selection algorithms, including Tagger, by providing user options that allow for: (1) prioritization of tagSNPs based on certain characteristics, including platform-specific design scores, functionality (i.e., coding status), and chromosomal position, (2) efficient selection of SNPs across multiple populations, (3) selection of tagSNPs outside defined genomic regions to improve coverage and genotyping success, and (4) picking of surrogate tagSNPs that serve as backups for tagSNPs whose failure would result in a significant loss of data. Using HapMap genotype data from ten ENCODE regions and design scores for the Illumina platform, we show similar coverage and design score distribution and fewer total tagSNPs selected by Snagger compared to the web server Tagger. Snagger improves upon current available tagSNP software packages by providing a means for researchers to select tagSNPs that reliably capture genetic variation across multiple populations while accounting for significant genotyping failure risk and prioritizing on SNP-specific characteristics.
Maximum Lq-Likelihood Estimation via the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm: A Robust Estimation of Mixture Models

We introduce a maximum Lq-likelihood estimation (MLqE) of mixture models using our proposed expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, namely the EM algorithm with Lq-likelihood (EM-Lq). Properties of the MLqE obtained from the proposed EM-Lq are studied through simulated mixture model data. Compared with the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which is obtained from the EM algorithm, the MLqE provides a more robust estimation against outliers for small sample sizes. In particular, we study the performance of the MLqE in the context of the gross error model, where the true model of interest is a mixture of two normal distributions, and the contamination component is a third normal distribution with a large variance. A numerical comparison between the MLqE and the MLE for this gross error model is presented in terms of Kullback–Leibler (KL) distance and relative efficiency.
TOP MANAGEMENT, STRATEGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES

The cognitive aspects of strategic management and organizational learning have been receiving increasing interest from researchers (Fahey and Narayanan, 1986; Prahalad and Bettis, 1986). Researchers have called for more detailed descriptions of the ways that individual-level cognitions contribute to organizational-level strategies (Daft and Weick, 1984; Smircich and Stubbart, 1985). In this article, a theory of organizational knowledge structures which include core and peripheral features is presented. From this theory propositions are suggested to guide future research on organizational learning.
The bulk aerodynamic formulation over heterogeneous surfaces

This interpretative literature survey examines problems with application of the bulk aerodynamic method to spatially averaged fluxes over heterogeneous surfaces. This task is approached by tying together concepts from a diverse range of recent studies on subgrid parameterization, the roughness sublayer, the roll of large “inactive” boundary-layer eddies, internal boundary-layer growth, the equilibrium sublayer, footprint theory and the blending height. Although these concepts are not completely compatible, qualitative scaling arguments based on these concepts lead to a tentative unified picture of the qualitative influence of surface heterogeneity for a wide spectrum of spatial scales.
Anterior temporal language areas in patients with early onset of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Eighteen consecutive patients undergoing dominant temporal lobectomy underwent preoperative cortical stimulation for language localization. Patients with naming deficits on anterior (4.5 cm from the temporal pole) temporal lobe stimulation had earlier seizure onset vs those without such deficits (5.8 yr vs 12.9 yr; p < 0.04). There was a similar trend for reading errors (6.3 yr vs 12.4 yr; p < 0.052). Resections always spared at least 1 cm anterior to any langauge area. There was no significant difference in postoperative neuropsychological tests between patients with and without anterior language representation. Early onset of dominant temporal lobe seizure foci leads to a more widespread or atypical distribution of language areas. Individual variability should be considered in epilepsy surgery to reduce postoperative language deficits.
Sequential feedings by two species of argasid tick on laboratory mice: effects on tick survival, weight gain, and attachment time.

Preliminary observations made during colony maintenance of argasid ticks led us to suspect that the host immune response of laboratory mice being used for tick feeding might be causing increased tick mortality. Sequential feeding trials were conducted on laboratory mice using fast- and slow-feeding Ornithodoros larvae. Acquired host resistance was demonstrated. With the fast-feeding O. turicata (Duges), the average amount of weight gained during feeding decreased significantly the second and third times larvae were exposed to the same mice. With the slow-feeding O. talaje (Guerin-Meneville), mortality at the second and third exposure significantly increased when compared with that seen upon naive mice. Implications for natural modulation of argasid tick populations resulting from nearly constant host exposure to ticks of this nature are also discussed.
Design considerations of 3-D single package communicator (SPC) for quad-band WCDMA/GSM cellular phone

A complete Single Package communicator (SPC) designed and implemented for 3G modem in 400 mm2 size and 1.3 mm height, for the first time is presented. With the help of 3-D technology, development of highly integrated active/passive components and use of latest packaging technology, the design was doable. Optimization of the RF performance of all GSM and WCDAM channels was obtainable despite the small form factor. The design was taped out.
Generalized poisson models arising from Markov processes

We develop a family of distributions which allow for over- and underdispersion relative to the Poisson. This latter feature is particularly appealing since many existing methods only allow for overdispersion. These distributions arise from underlying continuous-time Markov processes in which event rates depend on how many events have already occurred. The results are illustrated with underdispersed count data from a polyspermy study and overdispersed data from the Canadian Sickness Survey.
Spontaneous Laceration of Ascending Aorta

Spontaneous laceration of the ascending aorta may result in (1) through-and-through laceration causing hemopericardium, (2) limited intramural dissection of blood (incomplete dissecting aneurysm), or (3) classical dissecting aneurysm. The latter is the most common manifestation. Background conditions include either extensive cystic medial necrosis (as may be seen in Marfan's syndrome) or hypertension. The latter condition is universally associated with cystic medial necrosis but classically the medial lesion is of minimal degree. Aortic stenosis may be an underlying cause of spontaneous laceration of the ascending aorta.
A Strength Training Program for Primary Care Patients, Central Pennsylvania, 2012

Introduction Primary care providers can recommend strength training programs to use "Exercise as Medicine," yet few studies have examined the interest of primary care patients in these programs. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of primary care patients in central Pennsylvania. Interest in participating in free group-based strength training and weight control programs was assessed, in addition to patient demographics, medical history, and quality of life. Results Among 414 patients, most (61.0%) were aged 54 or older, and 64.0% were female. More patients were interested in a strength training program (55.3%) than in a weight control program (45.4%). Nearly three-quarters (72.8%) of those reporting 10 or more days of poor physical health were interested in a strength training program compared with 49.5% of those reporting no days of poor physical health. After adjusting for potential confounders, those reporting poorer physical health had 2.7 greater odds (95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.1) of being interested in a strength training program compared with those reporting better physical health. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol were not more interested in a strength training program than those without these conditions. Conclusion Primary care practices may consider offering or referring patients to community-based strength training programs. This study observed high levels of interest in these widely available programs. Practices may also consider screening and referring those with poorer physical health, as they may be the most interested and have the most to gain from participating.
Nonlinear stress-strain equations

Abstract Two unrelated methods which have previously been used in the development of stress-strain equations of nonlinear elasticity are examined. The first is the traditional notion of relating the stress to the strain through a strain energy function and the second is a recent geometrical approach suggested by Stojanovitch. These approaches are discussed and developed in a common notation making possible a comparison between them. This leads to explicit stress-strain relations in both the deformed and undeformed states of an elastic continuum. These relations, which are consistent with both approaches, are second order in the strain tensors and contain only two elastic constants.
Determining the sample size for a hybrid life test based on the cost function

The following experiment is considered. n units are tested simultaneously until either the rth failure occurs or a fixed time to is reached. In the first part of the manuscript, the failure times are assumed to be i.i.d. exponential with an unknown scale parameter 1/λ. The second part deals with the modification where failed units are replaced. In the third part, extensions to nonexponential failure times are outlined. Given r and to, the goal is to minimize the expected cost as a function of n. Hereby, the cost is defined through three components c1, c2, and c3, respectively, which are associated with (1) the time length of the experiment, (2) the number n of units tested, and (3) some fixed overall cost of the experiment, respectively.
Localization of a Factor X Interactive Site in the A1 Subunit of Factor VIIIa

Abstract The protein cofactor, factor (F) VIIIa, is required for the efficient conversion of the substrate FX to FXa by the serine protease FIXa. The interaction between human FVIII (and its constituent subunits) and FX was characterized using a solid phase binding assay performed in the absence of phospholipid and FIXa. Saturable binding of FX to heterodimeric FVIII, the FVIII heavy chain (contiguous A1-A2 domains), the FVIIIa-derived A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer, and the isolated A1 subunit was observed with estimated Kd values ranging from approximately 1 to 3 μM. The interaction of FX with FVIII was inhibited by moderate ionic strength and was Ca2+-dependent, consistent with the salt sensitivity observed in a phospholipid-independent FXa generation assay. Negligible binding to FX was observed for the isolated A2 and A3-C1-C2 subunits of FVIIIa, suggesting that the A1 subunit of FVIII contains a primary binding site for FX. A synthetic peptide to the COOH-terminal acidic region of the A1 subunit, designated FVIII337-372, bound FX and effectively competed with A1 for FX binding (Ki = ∼16 μM). Cross-linking between the FVIII337-372 peptide and the FX heavy chain was observed following reaction with 1-ethyl-3-[(diethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide. The presence of FX reduced the rate of activated protein C-catalyzed cleavage at Arg336 by ∼5-fold. These results identify a primary FX interactive site on the cofactor of the intrinsic FXase.