cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caribbean Diaspora Healthy Nutrition Outreach Project (CDHNOP): A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach to Caribbean Health.

Background: Obesity prevention and its associated co-morbidities such as diabetes require a multi-tiered, culturally sensitive, population-based approach. South Florida’s tri-county area is home to approximately 75% of Florida’s total Caribbean immigrant population. This project is the first Caribbean-focused intervention using the Go-Slow-Whoa or GSW format which designates whether a food or beverage should be chosen frequently (Go – green), less often (Slow – yellow), or rarely (Whoa – red) based on the content of nutrients, sodium, fat, and sugar. Specific Aims: 1. To create and evaluate culturally appropriate nutrition materials for the Caribbean diaspora population in Broward County (i.e. tailor existing GSW evidence-based materials for this population). 2. To quantify which social determinants of health are most relevant to this population. Methods: Mixed methods were utilized in this study. The qualitative, exploratory arm consisted of semi-structured focus groups that included 38 subjects from five Caribbean countries most represented in South Florida: Jamaica, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba and Dominican Republic. The quantitative arm employed descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze social determinants of health (SDOH) obtained from a modified National Association of Community Health Centers’ PRAPARE survey. Intercept survey data was also collected from a convenience sample of 24 Caribbean immigrants in Broward County. Findings: Analysis revealed a lack of culturally appropriate foods and exercise examples in the current GSW materials. At 92% and 82% respectively, an overwhelming majority of our intercept surveys indicated that our revised, culturally appropriate materials were helpful in making positive food and beverage choices. Further study is required to determine which SDOH variables are relevant to this population. Conclusions: Health disparities and inequity in the healthy living education of our Caribbean subpopulation are best addressed using an inclusive research frame that captures the cultural essence and preferences of this understudied community.
Abstract P3-07-06: ER+ patients with an average modified Magee score ≤ 18 have a low likelihood of breast cancer recurrence and a high likelihood of an Oncotype Dx® recurrence score < 26

INTRODUCTION: The recent TAILORx results suggest that adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemoendocrine therapy had similar efficacy in women with hormone-positive, HER2-negative, node-negative invasive breast carcinomas with an Oncotype Dx® recurrence score METHODS: A total of 310 cases with ER+ invasive breast cancer, all with Oncotype Dx® recurrence scores, were included in this study from the University of Rochester and the University of Louisville. The outcome analysis included all patients who had at least five years of follow-up data, and all patients who had a breast cancer recurrence. In order to calculate the average modified Magee score, information on the Nottingham score, ER, PR, Ki-67, HER-2, and tumor size was extracted from the pathology report. RESULTS: 255/310 cases had an Oncotype Dx® CONCLUSION: If the average modified Magee score is ≤ 18, the patient has a low likelihood of recurrence, and the Oncotype Dx® recurrence score will likely be Citation Format: Hasan Khatib, Mary Ann G Sanders, Andrea Breaux, Armen Soukiazian, Nyrie Soukiazian, David Hicks, Bradley M Turner. ER+ patients with an average modified Magee score ≤ 18 have a low likelihood of breast cancer recurrence and a high likelihood of an Oncotype Dx® recurrence score
Management of adverse events of EUS-directed transgastric ERCP procedure.

Background and Aims Accessing the pancreatobiliary region in patients with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can be challenging. Traditionally, techniques such as percutaneous biliary drainage, enteroscopy-assisted ERCP, and laparoscopy-assisted ERCP have been used. However, each technique has its limitations. EUS–directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) has emerged as a novel endoscopic technique for ERCP in patients who have undergone RYGB. The aim of this case series was to highlight LAMS-related shortcomings and adverse events during the periprocedural period. Methods This was a retrospective review of 4 patients with RYGB anatomy who underwent EDGE for the management of pancreaticobiliary disease and experienced LAMS-related adverse events. Techniques for managing and avoiding these events are discussed. Results Four patients underwent EDGE with both technical and clinical success. Slight LAMS migration with partial mucosal overgrowth was encountered in 1 case and was managed by LAMS removal. A large, bleeding, distal marginal ulcer after the EDGE procedure was encountered in the second case and was managed with proton pump inhibitor and removal of the LAMS, with fistula treatment with argon plasma coagulation used to enhance closure. The third case was complicated by moderate intraprocedural bleeding after LAMS dilation, which was managed by applying balloon tamponade and placing a through-the-scope esophageal stent across the LAMS. Last, preferential food passage to the excluded stomach was noted in the fourth case and resulted in symptomatic distention. The symptomatic distention was managed by another de novo jejunogastrostomy using a LAMS for drainage. Conclusions Despite its feasibility and acceptable safety profile, the use of LAMSs during EDGE could be associated with several procedure-specific adverse events, which can be avoided or managed endoscopically with no further consequence.
Unmasking the Globalization-Crisis Linkage: A Multi-layered Counterfactual Study

Studies that examine the relationship between globalization and crises mostly focus on the role of openness in the countries’ exposure to, and impact of the crisis, and little attention is paid to the role of globalization after the crisis. In this paper we study this question among others. In an attempt to do this, we find the existing measures limiting and thus develop a more appropriate measure that provides long-run time-series observations of the impact of the crisis. The key is predicting counterfactual levels of output for each country as if the crisis never took place. The difference between the predicted counterfactual output and the observed output post-2008, is thus attributed to the impact of the crisis. Using this measure, (1) we re-examine the effect of pre-crisis openness on the country-level impact of the global recession, as has been the norm in such studies, and (2) we uniquely extend the literature by addressing the role of openness after the crisis. We find that countries more open before the crisis were more negatively impacted during the recession, but that during the recovery period, trade openness had a restorative effect while sustained financial openness would have exacerbated the crisis, had countries not reacted to the crisis and withdrawn from international markets. These results reconcile previous findings in the literature, bringing the different aspects of this genre of queries into one encompassing analysis.
Thumb Site 2 Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Allosterically Block the Transition from Initiation to Elongation

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small, single stranded, positive-sense (+) RNA virus that replicates its viral genome by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), encoded as nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), which is the primary target for anti-HCV treatment. Non-nucleoside inhibitors binding to the thumb site-2 (NNI2) of NS5B have shown success in clinical trials and although numerous crystal structures have been solved of NS5B with small molecule nonnucleoside inhibitors, little is known about the mechanism of inhibition.
History and Trends of Pubertal Development in Females

Puberty represents the transition from childhood to reproductive maturity. This process is unique in humans and has been a subject of great interest for many years. We now know that there are many factors that contribute to normal and pathologic pubertal development. Some of the history and trends pertaining to pubertal development over time are outlined in this chapter.
Deuteration improves small-molecule fluorophores

ABSTRACT Fluorescence microscopy relies on dyes that absorb short-wavelength photons and emit longer-wavelength light. In addition to this fluorescence process, dyes can undergo other photochemical reactions that result in spectral shifts and irreversible photobleaching. Increases in brightness, ‘chromostability’, and photostability of fluorescent dyes are therefore crucial for advancing the frontier of bioimaging. Here, we describe a general approach to improve small-molecule fluorophores using deuteration. Incorporating deuterium into the alkylamino substituents of rhodamines and other dyes improves fluorescence quantum yield, inhibits photochemically induced spectral shifts, and slows irreparable photobleaching. These compounds are easily synthesized and show improved performance in cellular imaging experiments.
On-farm testing of FibreLux Micron Meter and OFDA2000 compared to Sirolan Laserscan in the laboratory

Abstract This study compared the FibreLux Micron Meter (FL) to the OFDA2000 in an on-farm test and to the Sirolan-Laserscan™ (SL, an International Wool Testing Organization (IWTO) approved method) in the lab. Midside samples for this study were obtained chute side before shearing. An OFDA2000 slide was prepared and measured and the same subsamples were used to prepare and measure an FL slide. The same subsamples were then taken to the lab, where they were guillotined and measured on the SL. When validated against the SL, the OFDA2000 was better than the FL in that the OFDA2000 mean fiber diameter (MFD) did not differ (P = 0.15) from the SL, while MFD for the FL was 0.4 μm finer compared to SL (P = 0.02). Only the FL showed a level dependent bias. MFD measured on the OFDA2000, and the FL was correlated (r = 0.87, P
Mrakia Y. Yamada & Komagata

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Mrakia genus and its member species. Growth of this genus on solid media is white to cream-colored, often mucoid, and visible carotenoid pigments are not present. Both yeast and mycelial phases occur in this genus. In the yeast phase, the cells are ovoid to elongate and reproduce by budding whereas the formation of the mycelial phase occurs in the absence of mating. Teliospores are produced terminally or intercalarily on the mycelium and yeast cells are uninucleate and produce uninucleate teliospore-bearing hyphae without clamp connections. The sole member species of this genus is Mrakia frigida. The cells of this species, after undergoing growth in 5% malt extract for three days at 12° C, appear as short-ovoidal to ovoidal-elongate, and occur either singly or in pairs. Occasionally, septate cells are also observed. In the case of undergoing growth on 5% malt agar for one month at 12° C, the streak culture is cream-, yellowish-white to light brownish-gray, raised, dull, mucoid and smooth or wrinkled.
Systems Analysis and Pest Management

Previous chapters have dealt with various aspects of biological control theory and practice and with natural control factors, particularly the role of predators and parasites. The following chapters continue the same theme but with greater emphasis on integrated control and the role biological control plays in the application of integrated control in pest management.
El Niño as a mediator of the solar influence on climate

[1] Using a climate model of intermediate complexity, we simulate the response of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system to solar and orbital forcing over the Holocene. Solar forcing is reconstructed from radiocarbon production rate data, using various scaling factors to account for the conflicting estimates of solar irradiance variability. As estimates of the difference since the Maunder Minimum range from 0.05% to 0.5% of the solar “constant,” we consider these two extreme scenarios, along with the intermediate case of 0.2%. We show that for large or moderate forcings, the low-pass-filtered east-west sea surface temperature gradient along the equator responds almost linearly to irradiance forcing, with a short phase lag (about a decade). Wavelet analysis shows a statistically significant enhancement of the century-to-millennial-scale ENSO variability for even a moderate irradiance forcing. In contrast, the 0.05% case displays no such enhancement. Orbitally driven insolation forcing is found to produce a long-term increase of ENSO variability from the early Holocene onward, in accordance with previous findings. When both forcings are combined, the superposition is approximately linear in the strong scaling case. Overall, the sea surface temperature response is of the magnitude required, and is persistent enough, to induce important climatic perturbations worldwide. The results suggest that ENSO may plausibly have acted as a mediator between the Sun and the Earth's climate. A comparison to key Holocene climate records, from the Northern Hemisphere subtropics and midlatitudes, shows support for this hypothesis.
Angular and energy distributions of α-particles in LRA fission

Abstract Detailed experimental studies have been made on the angular and energy distributions of the long-range α-particles (LRA) emitted from 252 Cf during spontaneous fission. They show that the α-particle angular distribution is peaked at an angle (made by the trajectory of the α-particle with that of either of the main fragments) of about 90° and has a FWHM of 20–30. The α-particle energy spectrum is peaked at about 15 MeV and has a FWHM of 13 MeV. We have carried out computer calculations of the trajectories of the three particles produced in LRA fission. Such calculations lead to predictions of angular and energy distributions which may be compared with the experimental ones. The calculations were carried out using a set of initial conditions determined by the statistical theory of nuclear fission. The comparison with experimental results therefore provides a test of the statistical theory. The calculated results show that the statistical theory leads to an energy spectrum which is in good agreement with the experimental one, and that reasonable agreement between the calculated and the experimental angular distribution may be obtained if it is assumed that the α-particle is emitted within a short period of time, of the order of 3 × 10 −22 s after the instant of scission.
On the Organic Refractory Component of Cometary Dust

Cometary nuclei consist of ices intermixed with dust grains and are thought to be the least modified solar system bodies remaining from the time of planetary formation. Flyby missions to Comet P/Halley in 1986 showed that cometary dust is extremely rich in organics (~50% by mass). However, this proportion appears to be variable among different comets. In comparison with the CI-chondritic abundances, the volatile elements H, C., and N are enriched in cometary dust indicating that cometary solid material is more primitive than CI-chondrites. Relative to dust in dense molecular clouds, bulk cometary dust preserves the abundances of C and N, but exhibits depletions in O and H. In most cases, the carbonaceous component of cometary particles can be characterized as a multi-component mixture of carbon phases and organic compounds. Cluster analysis identified a few basic types of compounds, such as elemental carbon, hydrocarbons, polymers of carbon suboxide and of cyanopolyynes. In smaller amounts, polymers of formaldehyde, of hydrogen cyanide and various unsaturated nitriles also are present. These compositionally simple types, probably, are essential “building blocks”, which in various combinations give rise to the variety of involatile cometary organics.
Stabilization of the unicycle with rider

In this paper we discuss the stabilization of a nonholonomic system consisting of a unicycle with rider. We show in particular that one can achieve stability of slow steady vertical motions by imposing a feedback control force on the rider's limb.
In-place detection of internal and external corrosion for underground casing pipes

Corrosion monitoring and early detection of pits and wall thinning is important to the gas and petroleum industry. A new noncontact AC electromagnetic induction system has been developed for monitoring and detecting corrosion in multistring casing configuration. The system includes a sonde which has a transmitter coil and three receiver coils, with the transmitter circuit generating three low different frequencies at the same time. The multifrequency AC current through the transmitter coil induces in the pipe wall a longitudinal alternating magnetic field which is sensed by three receiver coils located at different distances. The multiple transmitter frequencies and the multiple transmitter-receiver spacings can provide the maximum flexibility and the most extensive information in quantitatively determining the total wall thickness in single, dual, and three-string casing configuration. The transmitter circuits are designed to work at up to 175/spl deg/C without having a second breakdown. Since the dynamic range of received signal is very broad and the "road note" is severe, the high-stable high-accurate band pass filter and hard limiters are adopted in the receiver circuit and phase detect circuit. In order to discriminate internal and external corrosion of casing pipes, an "electronic caliper" is incorporated in the system to detect the average circumferential diameter of casing pipes. Therefore, the complete logging of the casing pipes can be accomplished with a single scan. >
Expectations of Emotions during Testimony: The Role of Communicator and Perceiver Characteristics

This study investigated the influence of communicator (child victim) and perceiver (adult participant) characteristics on expectations about witnesses' emotional displays during testimony. In total, 191 adults were asked whether or not they expected child victims who were testifying about sexual abuse to display sadness, fear, anger, disgust, happiness, or a neutral demeanor, and how intensely the adults expected each emotion to be displayed. In describing the victims, child age (5 vs. 13 years old) and child gender (female vs. male) were factorially combined as within-subject factors. Results included that victim gender predicted expectations of fear, and victim age predicted expectations of anger and disgust. There was a significant interaction of victim age and victim gender for expectations of sadness. Of participants who expected multiple emotions, a combination of negative and neutral emotions was expected more from 13-year-old female victims than from 5-year-old female victims. Child victim empathy predicted ratings of how intensely sad and fearful the child victim would look. Implications of these findings for psychological research and the legal system are discussed.
PRIMARY ATROPHY AND LIPOMATOSIS OF THE PANCREAS

Summary Primary atrophy of the pancreas is an unusual pancreatic disease characterized pathologically by almost complete disappearance of the acinar cells and by disappearance of the islets of Langerhans to a lesser extent. Fatty replacement varying from mild fatty infiltration to massive replacement of the organ by adipose tissue may accompany this atrophy. No specific causative factors have been demonstrated. The possible relationship to other systemic diseases, to malnutrition and dietary deficiencies, or to an unusual form of chronic pancreatitis has been considered. The characteristic clinical state is one of a deficiency syndrome associated with steatorrhea, loss of weight, normal or increased appetite, and occasionally edema, anasarca, and diabetes mellitus. Although the disease may possibly develop in childhood, it appears to be more frequent after the fifth decade of life. Surgical exploration of the pancreas may be necessary to establish the diagnosis. Recognition of this syndrome is important since it represents a benign pancreatic disease that responds to adequate replacement therapy.
Electrohydrodynamic atomization technique for applying phospholipid coatings to titanium implant materials

Abstract Phospholipid coatings on titanium implants have been shown to enhance osteoblast activity, promote mineralization, and facilitate implant osseointegration in vivo. To date, dip and drip coating techniques have been used to apply these coatings. These coating techniques are easy to perform, but present difficulties in controlling the characteristics of the coating on the final surface, resulting in inconsistent, non-uniform, non-conformal coatings that are too thick for in vivo use. Electrohydrodynamic atomization (electro-spraying or e-spraying) is a versatile and easy method of creating thin, uniform and consistent coatings by atomizing a liquid with electrical forces. e-Spraying provides the advantage of being able to create coatings with relatively high efficiencies, while providing good control of coating morphology, especially on rough and intricately shaped surfaces, which is an important consideration for cell attachment and growth. Other advantages of this technique are low cost and easy setup. The purpose of this study was to develop an e-spraying technique for applying phospholipid coatings on commercially pure titanium implant materials.
Topological insulators and Mott physics from the Hubbard interaction

We investigate the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice with intrinsic spin-orbit interactions as a paradigm for two-dimensional topological band insulators in the presence of interactions. Applying a combination of Hartree-Fock theory, slave-rotor techniques, and topological arguments, we show that the topological band insulating phase persists up to quite strong interactions. Then we apply the slave-rotor mean-field theory and find a Mott transition at which the charge degrees of freedom become localized on the lattice sites. The spin degrees of freedom, however, are still described by the original Kane-Mele band structure. Gauge-field effects in this region play an important role. When the honeycomb layer is isolated then the spin sector becomes already unstable toward an easy-plane Neel order. In contrast, if the honeycomb lattice is surrounded by extra ``screening'' layers with gapless spinons, then the system will support a fractionalized topological insulator phase with gapless spinons at the edges. For large interactions, we derive an effective spin Hamiltonian.
Application of fuzzy decision-making in facilities layout planning

This paper establishes a vigorous methodology, based on the fuzzy set theory, to improve the facilities layout process that has occupied scholars and practitioners for more than four decades. Fuzzy set theory is an appropriate tool which uses the natural language that humans use to control complex systems such as facilities planning. The closeness rating between departments in a plant depends on qualitative and quantitative factors. Some of these factors may have greater effect on the designer's decisions about such ratings. Thus, the pairwise comparison of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), which ensures the consistency of the designers’ decisions when assigning the importance of one factor over another, is used to find the weights of these factors. FUZZY, a computer program developed based on the fuzzy decision-making system (FDMS) is used to generate the activity relationship charts. These charts are used by FZYCRLP, a modified version of CORELAP, to develop the layouts. FELAP, another program bas...
Insular Cortex Abnormalities in Psychotic Major Depression: Relationship to Gender and Psychotic Symptoms

Recent data suggests that psychotic major depression (PMD) may be a discrete disorder distinguishable from nonpsychotic major depression (NPMD), and that patients with PMD may be more similar to individuals with schizophrenia than individuals with NPMD. The insula is a brain region in which morphometric changes have been associated with psychotic symptom severity in schizophrenia and affective psychosis. It was hypothesized that insular volumes would be reduced in PMD compared to NPMD and controls, and insular volumes would correlate with psychosis but not depression severity. Insular gray matter volumes were measured in PMD and NPMD patients and matched healthy controls using magnetic resonance images and manual morphometry. Clinical measures of illness severity were obtained to determine their relationship with insular volume. Posterior insular volumes were significantly reduced in PMD compared to HC. There were also significant group-by-gender interactions for total, anterior and posterior insular volumes. Using Pearson product-moment correlations, anterior insular volumes did not correlate with depression severity. Left anterior insular volume was significantly correlated with total and positive symptom psychosis severity in the PMD group. Atypical insular morphometry may be related to the inability to distinguish between internally and externally generated sensory inputs characteristic of psychosis.
Evolution of motif variants and positional bias of the cyclic-AMP response element

Transcription factors regulate gene expression by interacting with their specific DNA binding sites. Some transcription factors, particularly those involved in transcription initiation, always bind close to transcription start sites (TSS). Others have no such preference and are functional on sites even tens of thousands of base pairs (bp) away from the TSS. The Cyclic-AMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) binds preferentially to a palindromic sequence (TGACGTCA), known as the canonical CRE, and also to other CRE variants. CREB can activate transcription at CREs thousands of bp away from the TSS, but in mammals CREs are found far more frequently within 1 to 150 bp upstream of the TSS than in any other region. This property is termed positional bias. The strength of CREB binding to DNA is dependent on the sequence of the CRE motif. The central CpG dinucleotide in the canonical CRE (TGACG TCA) is critical for strong binding of CREB dimers. Methylation of the cytosine in the CpG can inhibit binding of CREB. Deamination of the methylated cytosines causes a C to T transition, resulting in a functional, but lower affinity CRE variant, TGAT GTCA. We performed genome-wide surveys of CREs in a number of species (from worm to human) and showed that only vertebrates exhibited a CRE positional bias. We performed pair-wise comparisons of human CREs with orthologous sequences in mouse, rat and dog genomes and found that canonical and TGAT GTCA variant CREs are highly conserved in mammals. However, when orthologous sequences differ, canonical CREs in human are most frequently TGAT GTCA in the other species and vice-versa. We have identified 207 human CREs showing such differences. Our data suggest that the positional bias of CREs likely evolved after the separation of urochordata and vertebrata. Although many canonical CREs are conserved among mammals, there are a number of orthologous genes that have canonical CREs in one species but the TGAT GTCA variant in another. These differences are likely due to deamination of the methylated cytosines in the CpG and may contribute to differential transcriptional regulation among orthologous genes.
Eu2CuO4: An anisotropic Van Vleck paramagnet.

Magnetic susceptibility measurements have shown anisotropic Van Vleck paramagnetism in ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ single crystals. This behavior is associated with the singlet ground state ${(}^{7}$${\mathrm{F}}_{0}$) of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions, and the measured anisotropy is related to a crystal-field splitting of the excited multiplets ${(}^{7}$${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{J}}$). From the experimental data at low temperatures (T\ensuremath{\lesssim}50 K) a crystal-field parameter ${A}_{2}^{0}$〈${r}^{2}$〉=-93(5) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and a spin-orbit coupling constant \ensuremath{\zeta}=303(15) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ have been estimated. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility is predicted in terms of the Boltzmann population of the excited multiplets, and a comparison with experimental data up to 350 K is made. The possibility of a magnetic contribution arising from the Cu ions is discussed in connection with some discrepancies observed between the experimental and calculated magnetic susceptibilities.
Individual Differences in Secondary Task Performance and Subjective Estimation of Workload

Une experience menee aupres de 30 femmes droitieres âgees de 18 a 35 ans met a l'epreuve l'hypothese de Lansman et Hunt (prediction de la performance a une version plus difficile de la tâche primitive par les mesures a une tâche secondaire obtenues avec une version facile de cette tâche primitive) dans le cas de combinaisons plus nombreuses de tâches difficiles, et examine les differences individuelles en fonction de l'estimation subjective du travail fourni
The fractional chain yield of 126Sb in thermal-neutron fission of 235U

Abstract The fractional chain yield of 12·5 day 126 g Sb in thermal-neutron fission of 235 U has been measured by following the β-decay of antimony samples separated several weeks after an irradiation. The observed 126 g Sb is the sum of contributions from 126 g Sb produced in fission and that resulting from 19 min 126 m Sb, which decays 15 per cent by isometric transition. The 126 m Sb was not observed, but its independent yield relative to that of 126 g Sb was estimated on the basis of theoretical calculations which took into account the spins, 5 + and 8−, of the upper and lower isomers, respectively. The sum of the fractional chain yields of the 126 Sb isomers was determined as (4·5 ± 0·6) × 10 −2 , leading to a value of most-probable charge, Z p , for A = 126 of 49·45 ± 0·05. By γ-ray spectrometry on the samples, the yield of 60·9 day 124 g Sb was determined relative to that of 2·78 year 125 Sb. The resulting fractional chain yield for 124 Sb ≤ 2·6 × 10 −3 , gives Z p of ≤ 48·75 for A = 124.
Characterization of Calcifiable Proteolipid from Streptococcus mutans

Proteolipid is known to initiate calcification in vitro. Apoprotein and phospholipid components of proteolipid from five of 14 calcifiable S. mutans specimens were characterized. The apoproteins contained 16 amino acids with calculated percent polarities ranging from 32.0 to 45.2. The acidic phospholipids were cardiolipin, mono- and diphosphoinositides, and phosphatidylserine. Neutral lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, were also found. The latter were the most abundant in all isolates. Appropriate hydrophobic proteins and acidic phospholipids in the proteolipids accounted for S. mutans calcifiability.
THE WATER AND ENERGY BUDGETS OF THE THUNDERSTORM AND THEIR RELATION TO THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT

Abstract A quantitative estimate, based upon data from the Thunderstorm Project, is made of the various water sources and sinks and the energy sources and sinks of an average thunderstorm cell. It is found that a large fraction of the water carried into the storm in vapor form is used to maintain the cold downdraft inside the storm, and that the energy restratification accompanying this downdraft is a major source of energy to the storm. From the estimates of the water and energy budgets, the following hypothesis is tested by means of radar measurements: the net energy available (energy sources minus energy sinks) is related to the amount of development of convective rainstorms.
Absolute convergence of Eisenstein series on loop groups

In earlier work, we established the a.e. convergence of certain Eisenstein series on arithmetic quotients of loop groups. In this article we prove that these series converge everywhere, and uniformly on certain bounded sets
Commentary: Becoming social – a commentary on Happé & Frith (2014)

The field of developmental cognitive neuroscience is now established as a discipline at the nexus of the broader fields of developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Sitting in its rear view mirror, but gaining rapidly, is the nascent discipline of developmental social neuroscience. Given the relative youth of this field, it is not surprising that a great deal of energy has gone into generating a rich corpus of empirical data.
Molecular pathology of the β-globin gene cluster

Abstract In the past few years there has been intensive study of the human globin genes. This study has provided important insights into normal gene structure and function and the nature of molecular defects leading to a set of inherited diseases. It is clear that a similar kind of analysis will soon be carried out on genes which cause single gene defects of neurological significance. Examples of disease-producing genes which are candidates for future analysis are those which produce Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Tay-Sachs disease and various other inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. When these genes are isolated one should expect to find common polymorphism or variation in the sequence of the normal gene and its surrounding DNA, and extensive heterogeneity in the mutations producing the defective genes responsible for the disorder. The major lesson derived from studies of β-globin genes is the expectation that genetic heterogeneity both in normal and disease-producing genes will be extensive. This heterogeneity will have important consequences for prenatal diagnosis and potential gene therapy.
Preadolescent Peer Friendships: A Critical Contribution to Adult Social Relatedness?.

The primary aim of this paper is to review the literature on preadolescent friendships in order to examine the relationship between preadolescent friendships and social support in adulthood. Social supports are important to health, both directly and as a stress buffer. Few studies, however, have specifically examined adult social supports from the perspective of their developmental precursors and critical developmental periods. Some data indicate that the preadolescent period may be of particular importance to the development of adult social skills and ties. Observational and empirical studies of preadolescent peer relationships, and in particular best friendships, suggest unique and critical contributions to adult social relatedness. Present research is suggestive but is insufficient to validate preadolescence as a critical period in adult social relatedness. Our review has implications for better understanding the mechanisms by which preadolescent friendships effect adult social support—an important mediator of the effects of stress on health. Further longitudinal study is needed.
Effects of Starvation on Follicular Development in the Cyclic Hamster

Starvation of the Golden Hamster for more than 1 estrous cycle prevents antral follicular development and stimulates interstitial hypertrophy. After 9 days of starvation, refeeding for 5 days reverses the effects of inanition and ovulation occurs. PMS, given on the fifth day of a 9-day starvation period, blocks the effects of starvation by inducing follicular development and ovulation. PMS superovulates animals starved for 1 estrous cycle, but not animals starved for 2. This correlates with a reduced number of large secondary follicles in the latter group. Reflecting a decrease in ovarian function, in the starved animal, uterine weight is reduced to half that of cyclic animals. Pituitary and adrenal weights are not significantly reduced by starvation. Though the ovary of the starved animal has no antral follicles or corpora lutea, ovarian weight is not reduced; hypertrophy of the interstitium is responsible for maintenance of normal ovarian weight. Pituitary FSH concentration is slightly higher in the sta...
Diverse macrophage populations mediate acute lung inflammation and resolution

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating disease with distinct pathological stages. Fundamental to ARDS is the acute onset of lung inflammation as a part of the body's immune response to a variety of local and systemic stimuli. In patients surviving the inflammatory and subsequent fibroproliferative stages, transition from injury to resolution and recovery is an active process dependent on a series of highly coordinated events regulated by the immune system. Experimental animal models of acute lung injury (ALI) reproduce key components of the injury and resolution phases of human ARDS and provide a methodology to explore mechanisms and potential new therapies. Macrophages are essential to innate immunity and host defense, playing a featured role in the lung and alveolar space. Key aspects of their biological response, including differentiation, phenotype, function, and cellular interactions, are determined in large part by the presence, severity, and chronicity of local inflammation. Studies support the importance of macrophages to initiate and maintain the inflammatory response, as well as a determinant of resolution of lung inflammation and repair. We will discuss distinct roles for lung macrophages during early inflammatory and late resolution phases of ARDS using experimental animal models. In addition, each section will highlight human studies that relate to the diverse role of macrophages in initiation and resolution of ALI and ARDS.
Quantum Control of Population Transfer in Green Fluorescent Protein by Using Chirped Femtosecond Pulses

We demonstrate that the methods of quantum control can be applied successfully to very large molecules in room temperature liquid solution. Chirped femtosecond pulses are used to excite a green fluorescent protein mutant in both buffered aqueous solution and solid acrylamide gel. At high energy densities, the fluorescence shows a strong chirp dependence, with positively chirped pulses transferring almost 50% more population to the excited state than negatively chirped pulses. By measuring the photobleaching rate in the gel as a function of pulse chirp, we find that the data are consistent with the bleaching of the protein being due to a thermal mechanism rather than to an excited-state photoreaction.
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in vitro following freeze-thaw injury or detergent treatment.

Platelet interactions with cultured bovine endothelial cells were studied following freeze-thaw damage or detergent tratment. Platelets from whole blood, platelet-rich plasma, or gel-filtered plasma did not interact directly with freeze-thaw-damaged endothelial cells. Freezing and thawing did result in the exposure of an extracellular matrix located beneath the cells, which proved very thrombogenic. Platelets from all sources attached to both microfilament and amorphous components of the extracellular matrix, although only platelets from whole blood demonstrated aggregation and extensive pseudopodia formation. Treatment of cells with Triton-X detergent resulted in exposure of an intracellular cytoskeleton. Most platelets attached to the cytoskeleton were located near the cell border and had one or more pseudopodia either in contact with extracellular or intracellular material. Adhesion of platelets to the extra-cellular matrix may represent platelet-collagen or plateletfibronectin interactions since both are produced by an incorporated into the extracellular matrix. Platelet interaction with endothelial cytoskeletons may represent contact of pseudopodia with the now exposed matrix located beneath the cells. The possibility that platelets also adhered to intra-cellular components could not be eliminated. These findings are in agreement with data from a freeze-thaw injury model of perfused aorta. In addition, they tend to indicate that physical insult is not sufficient to induce platelet interaction with the endothelial surface, but that chemical modification enhances platelet deposition.
Improved pattern-placement accuracy in e-beam lithography via sparse-sample spatial-phase locking

A sparse-sampling algorithm has been developed for two-dimensional, spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography (SPLEBL). This algorithm corrects for field shift, scale and rotation errors. The algorithm can be used with a scintillating polymeric global-fiducial grid distributed over the substrate. An experimental evaluation of the sparse-sampling algorithm indicates that sub-10-nm pattern-placement accuracy can be obtained with this mode of SPLEBL.
Platelet-activating Factor Induces the Gene Expression of TIMP-1, -2, and PAI-1: Imbalance Between the Gene Expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and -2

Abstract Previous studies in the laboratory have shown that platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator that accumulates rapidly in the cornea after an injury, stimulates the expression of urokinase (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and -9 (MMP-9). Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) are produced in conjunction with these enzymes and are important regulators of their activity. Here, the authors investigated how PAF affects the expression of PAI-1, TIMP-1 and -2 relative to that of uPA, MMP-1, and -9 in rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Rabbit corneas were incubated in MEM medium containing 100 n M cPAF. To block the effects of PAF in some studies, corneas were preincubated for 1 hr in the presence of the PAF antagonist BN50730 (10 μ M ). At several time intervals, mRNA was extracted from epithelial cells and the levels of gene expression for the enzymes and their inhibitors were determined by real-time PCR. All quantitations were normalized to the 18s rRNA values (endogenous control) and changes in gene expression were reported as fold increase relative to untreated controls. PAF produced a 20-fold increase in the gene expression of PAI-1 at 8 hr, while similar fold increases in uPA mRNA expression occurred at 2 hr. PAF treatment also stimulated the expression of TIMP-1 and -2 genes, with a six-fold increase in TIMP-1 expression occurring at 36 hr and a four-fold increase in TIMP-2 expression at 24 hr. Maximal induction of MMP-1 and -9 mRNA, on the other hand, occurred at 4 and 8 hr, respectively. Induction of MMP-1 gene expression was similar to that of its inhibitors TIMP-1 and -2, while MMP-9 mRNA induction exceeded that of these inhibitors by 100-fold. The PAF-induced expression of PAI-1, TIMP-1 and -2 mRNAs was abolished by pre-treatment with BN50730. These data indicate that PAF activates the gene expression of TIMP-1, -2, and PAI-1 in corneal epithelium by a receptor-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, PAF induced overexpression of MMP-9 mRNA relative to that of TIMP-1 and -2, suggesting an imbalance between the expression of this proteolytic enzyme and its inhibitors, which may contribute to changes in the wound-healing process and ultimately lead to corneal ulcer development.
A numerical method for computing radially symmetric solutions of a dissipative nonlinear modified Klein‐Gordon equation

In this paper we develop a finite-difference scheme to approximate radially symmetric solutions of the initial-value problem with smooth initial conditions in an open sphere around the origin, where the internal and external damping coefficients are constant, and the nonlinear term follows a power law. We prove that our scheme is consistent of second order when the nonlinearity is identically equal to zero, and provide a necessary condition for it to be stable order n. Part of our study will be devoted to compare the physical effects of the damping coefficients.
Complex balance reactions in different sensory conditions: adolescents with and without idiopathic scoliosis

We measured simple and complex balance responses with a force plate stabiliometer in 70 adolescents: 50 with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and 20 controls. In stable static balance positions, the two groups performed similarly, but when the visual and somatosensory systems were challenged simultaneously, the IS group had a significantly higher mean body sway than the controls. Within the IS group, children with mild, nonprogressive curves that had not been operated on were significantly more likely to maintain their balance when the visual and somatosensory systems were challenged simultaneously than those with curves > or = 40 degrees, who had had surgery, and who had more rapid progression of the curve. These findings suggest that adolescents with IS have normal balance in static, stable positions but are not able to perform as well as normal adolescents in sensory-challenged positions, particularly if they have a severe, progressive curve. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether balance dysfunction can be used to predict progression of the curve.
TNFα release from peripheral blood leukocytes depends on a CRM1-mediated nuclear export

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders such as septic shock and arthritis, respectively. Leukocytes stimulated with inflammatory signals such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are the predominant producers of TNFalpha, and thus control of TNFalpha release from stimulated leukocytes represents a potential therapeutic target. Here, we report that leptomycin B (LMB), a specific inhibitor of CRM1-dependent nuclear protein export, inhibits TNFalpha release from LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells. In addition, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and immunoblotting analysis indicate that TNFalpha is localized in the nucleus of human neutrophils and mononuclear cells. This study demonstrates that the cellular release of TNFalpha from stimulated leukocytes is mediated by the CRM1-dependent nuclear export mechanism. Inhibition of CRM1-dependent cellular release of TNFalpha could thus provide a novel therapeutic approach for disorders involving excessive TNFalpha release.
Spin-one multipion resonances and their possible role in distinguishing between the Μ-meson and the electron

Photons, heavy vector mesons (HVM), and their interactions are considered from a Lagrangian point of view. The simplest non gauge-invariant and gauge-invariant photon-HVM interactions are introduced and then eliminated through diagonalization. A model of the interactions of the photon and the HVM fields with the leptons, motivated by the large Μ- e mass difference, is considered. A selection rule, preventing the coupling of the original photon field to the Μ-meson and the HVM field to the electron, is assumed. The original photon-HVM interactions then generate a photon-Μ, interaction. A large asymmetry in the coupling of the HVM to the electron and the Μ-meson can be induced by demanding that the photon field corresponding to the diagonalized Lagrangian couple with the same strength,e, to both leptons. A brief review of the limits provided on the mass and couplings of the HVM by current experimental information is presented, with particular emphasis on the ρ and Ω-mesons as candidates for the HVM. Previously proposed experiments are discussed again from the point of view of providing tests of the asymmetric coupling of the HVM to the leptons. Quite aside from the model proposed for this asymmetric coupling, the present work emphasizes the need to eliminate direct photon-HVM couplings in making phenomenological perturbation theory estimates of various processes involving such bosons.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Patients with Epilepsy

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) can cause significant impairment in psychosocial and scholastic achievement. AD/HD should be appropriately managed even if patients have comorbid epilepsy. The diagnosis and treatment of AD/HD in patients with epilepsy presents several challenges. Differentiating independent problems in attention from frequent epileptic seizures is the first step in evaluating these individuals. Once this is accomplished the formal independent diagnosis of AD/HD can be pursued. Data from non-epileptic AD/HD populations should be applied with caution to patients with epilepsy. Once attention deficit disorder has been diagnosed formally, choices in treatment can create other problems as some pharmacological treatments for AD/HD pose a risk of exacerbating seizures. This article serves as a review for the diagnosis and treatment of AD/HD spectrum disorders in patients with epilepsy.