cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mentalism, information and consciousness

The target article addresses important empirical issues, but adopts a nonanalytic stance toward consciousness and presents the mentalistic view as a very radical position that rules out informational description of anything other than conscious mental states. A better mentalistic strategy is to show how the structure of some informational states is both constitutive of consciousness and necessary for psychological functions.
A review of chemical studies on the allergens in pollens

Abstract The chemistry of the hay fever producing substances in pollens has been studied for about forty years. The sum of all this work is difficult to evaluate because of contradictory reports and lack of uniform methods for quantitative studies. However, there are a few facts. The activity is shared probably by several substances all of which are of complex chemical natures. The molecules are smaller than those of the true proteins, and one of the substances has been found to have a molecular weight of about 5,000. The rather low antigenic potency of pollen extracts and its enhancement by various adsorbents or other antigens is probably a function of this small size. Some of the active substances contain much carbohydrate, and others resemble proteins. They are inactivated by heat and alkaline media. They are slowly inactivated in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. However, they do not fit into the accepted classification of proteins though, for some, the term "naturally occurring proteoses" would seem suitable. As yet, none of the active substances have been isolated in pure form in large enough quantities to permit a thorough chemical examination so that their constitution is still not known exactly.
A novel device for delivering two-site vibrotactile stimuli to the skin

Current methods for applying two-site vibration stimuli to the skin typically involve the use of two separate vibrotactile stimulators, which can lead to difficulty with positioning of stimuli and in ensuring that stimuli are delivered perfectly in phase at the same amplitude and frequency. This report describes the Two-Point Stimulator (TPS) that was developed in order to deliver two-point stimuli to the skin at variable distances between the sites of stimulation on a trial-by-trial basis. The apparatus attaches to a vibrotactile stimulator, modifying it from the standard single probe tip to two probe tips. Each of the two probe tips can be independently positioned to set the tip-to-tip spacing. Both points of the TPS are driven by the single vibrotactile stimulator and distances between the two sites can be varied on a trial-by-trial basis. To test the device, a modified Bekesy tracking method was developed and used for two-point limen testing under stimulus conditions of varying amplitude and frequency. Data collected were consistent with previously published reports, suggesting that one possible use of the device would be to provide a means for improved measures of spatio-tactile acuity.
Toward a Theory of Normality and Paracompactness in Box Products

An introduction to the subject in the title where the factors are copies of a separable metric space is given.
GFScan: A Gene Family Search Tool at Genomic DNA Level

We have developed GFScan (Gene Family Scan), a tool that identifies members of a gene family by searching genomic DNA sequences with genomic DNA motifs (or matrices) that are representative of the family. We have tested GFScan on four human gene families including the neurotransmitter-gated ion-channels (NGIC) family, the carbonic anhydrases (CA) family, the Dbl homology (DH) domain family, and the ETS-domain family. All known members of these families with motifs mapped to sequenced genomic DNA regions were found, whereas some novel genomic locations were also found to match the motifs, which may indicate new members in these families. Compared with other methods, GFScan recognized all true positives with much fewer false positives. We also showed that motifs constructed based on human genes could be used to search the mouse genome to identify orthologous family members in mouse. This program is available at http://www.cshl.org/mzhanglab/.
SCIENCE TEACHERS' CONCEPTUAL GROWTH WITHIN VYGOTSKY'S ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT

Within a sociocultural context, this study examined how science teachers' knowledge of science and science pedagogy changed as a result of participating in a constructivist-based graduate science methods course. Fourteen elementary and middle school science teachers worked with an assigned partner for the duration of the course. Teachers with more than 5 years' experience were paired with teachers who had 5 or fewer years' experience. Results from pre- and postinstruction concept maps, journals, portfolios, and transcripts of discourse revealed that within the zone of proximal development, peers, teachers' students, instructors, readings, and tools mediated the development of content and pedagogical knowledge. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 967–985, 1998
RH: a versatile family of reduced hypercube interconnection networks

The binary hypercube has been one of the most frequently chosen interconnection networks for parallel computers because it provides low diameter and is so robust that it can very efficiently emulate a wide variety of other frequently used networks. However, the major drawback of the hypercube is the increase in the number of communication channels for each processor with an increase in the total number of processors in the system. This drawback has a direct effect on the very large scale integration complexity of the hypercube network. This short note proposes a new topology that is produced from the hypercube by a uniform reduction in the number of edges for each node. This edge reduction technique produces networks with lower complexity than hypercubes while maintaining, to a high extent, the powerful hypercube properties. An extensive comparison of the proposed reduced hypercube (RH) topology with the conventional hypercube is included. It is also shown that several copies of the popular cube-connected cycles network can be emulated simultaneously by an RH with dilation 1. >
Credentials for privacy and interoperation

We consider the problem of providing secure, private access to applications and data in a world-wide distributed client-server environment such as the Internet of the future. In such a system, the set of potential users of a service may extend far beyond the local community knowable to the application providing the service. Applications will not generally have prior knowledge of the individual making a request upon which an access control decision can be baed and furthermore, knowledge of an individual's identity may not be directly useful. We frame our discussion in the context of supporting credentials which are submitted with a request, and propose a list of desiderata for such credentials. We evaluate several well-known proposals for credentials, focusing on issues related to privacy and scalability, and then point out the research issues that remain before such schemes can be deployed in a world-wide environment with strong privacy guarantees.
Correlation of F/A-18 buffeting from wind-tunnel and flight tests

A method to predict full-scale buffet of the F/A-18 vertical tail using measurements taken on a rigid windtunnel model is presented. Tests were performed on a rigid 6% scale F/A-18 in the 1.5-m trisonic blowdown wind tunnel at the National Research Council in Ottawa, over a range of angle of attack and Mach number. The results from the prediction code were compared to flight test results, which were obtained from flights undertaken at the Aerospace Engineering Test Establishment in Cold Lake, Alberta. In general, comparisons between flight and scaled wind-tunnel data were good, although the initial prediction code invariably underpredicted the full-scale response. Through the use of a variable pressure correlation technique (based on flight conditions) the accuracy of the prediction model was significantly increased. The flight data was also reduced to the nondimensional buffet excitation parameter. It was found that buffeting in the fundamental torsional mode at approximately 45 Hz occurred at a lower angle of attack (with larger overall magnitudes) compared to the fundamental bending mode at 15 Hz.
New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions

Drastic ecological restructuring, species redistribution and extinctions mark the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, but an insufficiency of numbers of well-dated large mammal fossils from this transition have impeded progress in understanding the various causative links. Here I add many new radiocarbon dates to those already published on late Pleistocene fossils from Alaska and the Yukon Territory (AK-YT) and show previously unrecognized patterns. Species that survived the Pleistocene, for example, bison (Bison priscus, which evolved into Bison bison), wapiti (Cervus canadensis) and, to a smaller degree, moose (Alces alces), began to increase in numbers and continued to do so before and during human colonization and before the regional extinction of horse (Equus ferus) and mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius). These patterns allow us to reject, at least in AK-YT, some hypotheses of late Pleistocene extinction: 'Blitzkrieg' version of simultaneous human overkill, 'keystone' removal, and 'palaeo-disease'. Hypotheses of a subtler human impact and/or ecological replacement or displacement are more consistent with the data. The new patterns of dates indicate a radical ecological sorting during a uniquely forage-rich transitional period, affecting all large mammals, including humans.
Blaming the messenger: a controversy in late Sanskrit poetics and its implications*

The last active period in the tradition of Sanskrit poetics, although associated with scholars who for the first time explicitly identified themselves as new, has generally been castigated in modern histories as repetitious and devoid of thoughtfulness. This paper presents a case study dealing with competing analyses of a single short poem by two of the major theorists of this period, Appayya DTksita (sixteenth century) and Jagannātha Paņditarāja (seventeenth century). Their arguments on this one famous poem touch in new ways on the central questions of what the role of poetics had become within the Sanskrit world and the way in which it should operate in relation to other systems of knowledge and literary cultures. The last active period in the tradition of Sanskrit poetics, although associated with scholars who for the first time explicitly identified themselves as "new", has generally been castigated in modern histories as repetitious and devoid of thoughtfulness.1 While the texts of the period are filled with energetic debate, the arguments involved have similarly been characterized as nit-picking and adhominem? Recent studies have begun to examine the ways in which the work of this period might justify its claim of
Structural Studies on Complexes IV: Crystal Structure of a 1:1 5-Chlorosalicylic Acid and Theophylline Complex

Single crystal X-ray diffraction methods were utilized in obtaining the crystal and molecular structure of a 1:1 association complex between 5-chlorosalicylic acid and theophylline. The crystals are monoclinic (space group P 21/c) with cell parameters of a = 7.845 A b = 9.636 A c = 21.185 A and β = 92.20° The crystals contain a significant fraction of the impurities 3,5-dichloro- and 3-chlorosalicylic acid. Hydrogen bonds are the major attractive forces between the components of the complex. A relatively strong hydrogen bond exists between the carboxyl group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid and N(9) of theophylline (2.682 A.). The theophylline molecules are in a dimeric arrangement by virtue of centrosymmetrically related hydrogen bonds between N(7) and TO(10). The packing arrangement of the molecules suggests that the stacking forces are similar to those in a caffeine: 5-chlorosalicylic acid complex.
The self-reported health of U.S. flight attendants compared to the general population

Few studies have examined the broad health effects of occupational exposures in flight attendants apart from disease-specific morbidity and mortality studies. We describe the health status of flight attendants and compare it to the U.S. population. In addition, we explore whether the prevalence of major health conditions in flight attendants is associated with length of exposure to the aircraft environment using job tenure as a proxy. We surveyed flight attendants from two domestic U.S. airlines in 2007 and compared the prevalence of their health conditions to contemporaneous cohorts in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), 2005-2006 and 2007-2008. We weighted the prevalence of flight attendant conditions to match the age distribution in the NHANES and compared the two populations stratified by gender using the Standardized Prevalence Ratio (SPR). For leading health conditions in flight attendants, we analyzed the association between job tenure and health outcomes in logistic regression models. Compared to the NHANES population (n =5,713), flight attendants (n = 4,011) had about a 3-fold increase in the age-adjusted prevalence of chronic bronchitis despite considerably lower levels of smoking. In addition, the prevalence of cardiac disease in female flight attendants was 3.5 times greater than the general population while their prevalence of hypertension and being overweight was significantly lower. Flight attendants reported 2 to 5.7 times more sleep disorders, depression, and fatigue, than the general population. Female flight attendants reported 34% more reproductive cancers. Health conditions that increased with longer job tenure as a flight attendant were chronic bronchitis, heart disease in females, skin cancer, hearing loss, depression and anxiety, even after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), education, and smoking. This study found higher rates of specific diseases in flight attendants than the general population. Longer tenure appears to explain some of the higher disease prevalence. Conclusions are limited by the cross-sectional design and recall bias. Further study is needed to determine the source of risk and to elucidate specific exposure-disease relationships over time.
The Hot-Wire Anemometer in Supersonic Flow

The hot-wire anemometer has proved to be a most valuable tool for turbulence research in the low-speed range. As interest grows in the problem of turbulence at supersonic velocities, it would appear natural to see whether the hot-wire anemometer could not also be used at higher speeds. However, a number of fundamental problems must be solved before the hot-wire can be considered as a successful instrument in the supersonic laboratory. The first problem to be solved is that of obtaining adequate frequency response of the hot-wire equipment in order to resolve the turbulent fluctuations in space which are swept by the wire at high velocity in a supersonic flow. Encouraging progress has been made in using extremely fine wires and in developing electronic equipment that will compensate for the thermal lag of the wire at very high frequencies without interference from noise. As yet, there is only a small amount of information available tha t can be used to predict the response of a hot-wire anemometer a t such speeds. Because of the great difficulties of the theory of real compressible flows, most of the data will have to be obtained experimentally. The author has conducted systematic experiments to determine the law governing the heat loss from a hot-wire in a supersonic flow up to Mach Numbers of 2.0. I t was found that the heat loss, expressed in the form of a Nusselt Number, is a unique function of the square root of the Reynolds Number when free-stream velocity and density are used and the viscosity and conductivity corresponds to stagnation conditions. This law is valid only in the case of small temperature loadings. For large temperature differences, a nonlinearity appears in sharp contrast to King's law, which has been found to be linear with temperature difference over a wide range of temperature loadings. The third problem that has been encountered is that of interpreting the hot-wire fluctuations when the number of flow parameters is large. Velocity, density, and temperature all contribute to the hot-wire reading, and it is believed that in some cases these effects may be separated. When the velocity field is a lowintensity turbulence (not random sound waves), the separation of measured fluctuations is accomplished.
Corrosion of Ticode-12 in A Simulated Waste Isolation Pilot Project (Wipp) Brine *

The corrosion behavior of TiCode-12 (Ti-0.3 Mo-0.8 Ni) high level nuclear waste container alloy has been studied for a simulated WIPP brine at a temperature of 150°C or below. Crevice corrosion was identified as a potentially important failure mode for this material. Within a mechanical crevice, a thick oxide film was found and shown to be the rutile form of TiO 2 , with a trace of lower oxide also present. Acidic conditions were found to cause a breakdown of the passive oxide layer. Solution aeration and increased acidity accelerate the corrosion rate. In hydrogen embrittlement studies, it was found that hydrogen causes a significant decrease in the apparent stress intensity level in fracture mechanics samples. Hydride formation is thought to be responsible for crack initiation. Stress corrosion cracking under static loads was not observed. Attention has also been given to methods for extrapolating short term uniform corrosion rate data to extended times.
Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension

Many patients with congenital heart disease and systemic-to-pulmonary shunts develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), particularly if the cardiac defect is left unrepaired. A persistent increase in pulmonary blood flow may lead to obstructive arteriopathy and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, a condition that can lead to reversal of shunt and cyanosis (Eisenmenger syndrome). Cardiac catheterization is crucial to confirm diagnosis and facilitate treatment. Bosentan is the only medication to date to be compared with placebo in a randomized controlled trial specifically targeting congenital heart disease-associated PAH. Lung transplantation with repair of the cardiac defect or combined heart-lung transplantation is reserved for recalcitrant cases.
Framing and dosage effects: use of protection motivation theory to examine efficacy of anti-cocaine visual messages

This study examined the efficacy of visual anti-cocaine messages differing in framing and dosage on protection motivation theory constructs, particularly perceived severity, vulnerability, self-efficacy, response costs, and intention to stay away from cocaine. One hundred and sixty four (N = 164) undergraduate students at a large northern university in the UK participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of four anti-drug visual messages depicting consequences of cocaine use and differing in framing (before-after vs. after-only) and dosage (low-dose vs. high-dose). Results revealed that after-only framing was more efficacious than before-after framing for perceived severity and vulnerability, and the low-dose message was more efficacious than the high-dose message for self-efficacy. In addition, greater perceived severity and self-efficacy were significantly associated with greater intention to stay away from cocaine. Implications for designing visual drug preventions messages are discussed.
The Dark Side of Man: Tracing the Origins of Male Violence

The Dark Side of Man: Tracing the Origins of Male Violence. Michael P. Ghiglieri. Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1999. 323 pp.
Tricarbonyl rhenium complex of 2,6-bis(8′-quinolinyl)pyridine: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray structure and DFT calculations

Abstract 2,6-Bis(8′-quinolinyl)pyridine (bqp) reacts with pentacarbonyl rhenium chloride in toluene to give fac,fac-[Re(bqp-κ3N)(CO)3](Cl). X-ray crystallographic data on fac,fac-[Re(bqp-κ3N)(CO)3](Cl) show that the bqp ligand and carbonyl ligands achieve a mutually facial arrangement. A mix of MLCT and π–π* ligand centered transitions is observed for the low energy UV–vis absorption bands. The complex is emissive in solution and appears to be dominated by a MLCT-based process. Electronic and structural characteristics are supported by DFT calculations.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Restenosis

Current therapeutic approaches to restore blood flow in stenotic blood vessels involve the use of percutaneous devices and coronary bypass surgery. In all procedures that disrupt the normal integrity of the blood vessels, there is an increased incidence of vessel luminal narrowing, termed restenosis. Restenosis, arbitrarily defined as greater than 50% narrowing of vessel diameter compared with the reference vessel, is modulated by genetic background and diseases that affect the cardiovascular system, including diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. In the 1970s, Andreas Gruntzig pioneered the use of transluminal dilatation of coronary arteries for symptomatic coronary artery disease and reported a 19% rate of restenosis (6 of 32 patients).1–3 Subsequent studies demonstrated a restenosis rate of approximately 33%.4 More than 25 years later, despite pharmacological and mechanical approaches to reduce the incidence of restenosis, it remains a significant problem, especially in high-risk patient groups, limiting overall success. Restenosis after percutaneous intervention is characterized by platelet aggregation, release of growth factors, inflammatory cell infiltration, medial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The vascular response to injury depends not only on the cells within the vessels but is also modulated by circulating bone marrow–derived cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological healing response and the pathological restenosis response has been the focus of extensive investigations, which have led to the development of novel approaches to control the pathological formation of the neointima. In this review, we will focus on some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the abnormal neointimal hyperplasia, specifically focusing on cell cycle and microRNA (miRNA) in the vascular smooth muscle. Acute occlusion at the percutaneous intervention site within hours to days after the procedure is usually caused by an intimal flap, thrombus formation, subintimal hemorrhage extending into the media, or elastic recoil …
Factors predicting blood pressure control in older Chinese immigrants to the United States of America

Aim. This paper is a report of a study of the extent to which demographic characteristics, medication-related factors, hypertension-related knowledge and medication adherence predict systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Background. Little is known about predictors of hypertension control in Chinese elders. Methods. A longitudinal study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted with 90 Chinese immigrants to the United States of America aged ‡65 years and recruited from 2006 to 2007. The independent variables were measured at baseline. Blood pressure was measured at 3 months. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent effects of seven variables on change in blood pressure at 3 months. Results. Participants ranged in age from 66 to 92 years (Mean 76AE7, SD 6AE6). The overall regression model for systolic blood pressure was statistically significant (R 2 =0 AE32, F =4 AE37, P < 0AE01). A higher number of prescribed oral medications (sr 2 =0 AE06, t =2 AE42, P =0 AE02) and lower medication adherence (sr 2 =0 AE07, t = 2AE60, P =0 AE01) were statistically significant determinants of an increased systolic blood pressure. The overall regression model for diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant (R 2 =0 AE21, F =2 AE39, P =0 AE03). Male gender (sr 2 =0 AE06, t =2 AE26, P =0 AE03) and lower medication adherence (sr 2 =0 AE11, t = 3AE03, P < 0AE01) were statistically significant determinants of an increased diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion. A greater number of prescribed medications and lower adherence predicted higher level of systolic blood pressure. Male gender and lower adherence were significantly associated with higher level of diastolic blood pressure. These predictors should be considered when designing interventions to help Chinese elders achieve better hypertension management.
Transcription, organization, and sequence of an auxin-regulated gene cluster in soybean.

We have characterized a soybean gene cluster that encodes a group of auxin-regulated RNAs (small auxin up RNAs). DNA sequencing of a portion of the locus reveals five homologous genes, spaced at intervals of about 1.25 kilobases and transcribed in alternate directions. At least three of the genes are transcriptionally regulated by auxin. An increase in the rate of transcription is detected 10 min after application of auxin to soybean elongating hypocotyl sections. Each of the genes contains an open reading frame that could encode a protein of 9 kilodaltons to 10.5 kilodaltons. Sequence comparisons among the five genes reveal several areas of high homology. Two regions of high homology begin about 250 base pairs upstream of the open reading frames and two regions of homology have been identified in sequences downstream of the open reading frames. One of the latter sequences occurs in the 39-untranslated region of the RNAs. The other occurs far downstream, 618 base pairs to 741 base pairs from the stop codon. Conservation of these sequences among the five different genes suggests that they may be important for the regulation of expression of the genes.
Resolving Treatment Complications Associated with Comorbid Medical Conditions

In this chapter, we discuss various treatment complications clinicians encounter in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with patients who have anxiety disorders and comorbid medical conditions. Specifically, we first provide an overview of the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges as well as introduce a treatment algorithm to assist clinical decision-making for medically complex patients with impairing anxiety. To illustrate the types of difficulties that generally emerge when providing CBT for anxiety related to medical illness, we then review relevant literature on the symptoms, epidemiology, correlates, and psychological treatment of anxiety comorbid with three disease states: cancer, coronary heart disease, and asthma. Finally, we offer specific recommendations for resolving these treatment complications, which clinicians may apply more broadly to patients coping with a variety of medical conditions.
Alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase activity of mammalian-cell alkaline phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase prepared from mammalian cell cultures was found to have alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase activity. Both of these activities appear to be associated with a single protein, as demonstrated by: (1) concomitant purification of alkaline phosphatase and alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase; (2) proportional precipitation of alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase activities by titrating constant amounts of an enzyme preparation with increasing concentration of antibody; (3) immune electrophoresis, which showed that precipitin bands that have alkaline phosphatase activity also have pyrophosphatase activity; (4) inhibition of pyrophosphatase activity by cysteine, an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase activity; (5) similar subcellular localization of the two enzyme activities as demonstrated by histochemical methods; (6) hormonal and substrate induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in mammalian cell cultures, which produced a nearly parallel rise in inorganic pyrophosphatase activity.
Stressors and coping strategies of children with cancer and healthy children : a cross-sectional study.

The present study described and compared the stressors and coping strategies of 60 children and adolescents ages 9-18: 20 recently diagnosed subjects with cancer, 20 long-term disease-free survivors of cancer, and 20 healthy subjects without a previous or present diagnosis of cancer. As expected, recently diagnosed subjects identified significantly more cancer-related stressors than survivors on the Children s Stress Inventory (CSI), illustrating the breadth with which cancer affects their lives. Contrary to expectation, newly diagnosed youth did not use more emotion-management coping strategies in response to general stress than healthy youth. Developmental analyses found that, with the exception of survivors coping with cancer-related stress, young children (ages 9-13) and adolescents (ages 15-18) used comparable amounts of emotion-management coping strategies, a form of coping that is conceptualized as requiring higher abstract reasoning skills. While this supported the hypothesis that recently diagnosed children and adolescents would use comparable amounts of emotion-management, it was contrary to the hypothesis that in both the Survivor and Healthy groups, adolescents (ages 15-18) would use more emotion-management than children (ages 9-13). One explanation for the children in this study generally using more emotion-manageme nt than would be expected for their cognitive maturity may be their significantly higher intelligence compared to the adolescents. However, this younger group of children also demonstrated use of another less complex and sophisticated form of emotion-management characterized by denial, which may account for their increased use of emotion-management. As expected, children and adolescents with cancer, for the most part, demonstrated variability (i.e., differences) in the types of coping strategies they used in cancer-related versus non-cancer-related stressful situations. This finding suggests that children with cancer use coping strategies flexibly in order to manage the changing context and demands of a variety of stressful situations. Finally, recently diagnosed subjects evidenced a significant negative relationship between state distress and self-rated coping effectiveness, while healthy youth showed a similar relationship between trait distress and effectiveness. Study limitations as well as treatment and theoretical implications are discussed.
Trilateral Foreign Exchange Exposure

I analyze some corporate scenarios of foreign exchange (FX) exposure where the impact of a bilateral FX rate change depends how the two currencies move against a third currency. In one scenario, a firm producing in one country exports to a second country, but the product is priced internationally in a third currency. Some of the FX exposure estimates and suggested financial hedging solutions may be surprising.
Evaluating the ability of the NE system to predict growth performance and energy utilization of growing pigs

The net energy (NE) system describes the useful energy for growth better than the metabolizable energy (ME) system. Therefore, the NE system should demonstrate a more predictable animal response when a wide range of ingredients are used, but this fact needs to be demonstrated in practice. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the NE system in diets containing a diverse set of ingredients. Two experiments were conducted: the first experiment consisted of comparing growth performance, carcass characteristics and the efficiency of dietary energy of 2,054 pigs housed in pens in a commercial research barn. Pens were assigned to one of 5 different feeding regimes. A corn-soybean meal control diet served as the basis to establish baseline levels of ME and NE for both programs. Two treatments added DDGS to the control diet formulated using the ME or the NE system and another set of diets that added both DDGS and corn germ meal and was formulated using the ME or the NE system. Diets formulated with the ME and the NE system maintained overall whole body growth performance. However, carcass parameters (except carcass G:F and lean percentage) declined with the addition of coproducts especially in diets formulated with the ME system. The intake of NE decreased in the same fashion that carcass gain did, suggesting a relationship between energy intake and energy retention. Additionally, NE per kg of carcass was similar among diets suggesting that NE is better at explaining carcass results. The second experiment compared the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and of nutrients and the nitrogen retention (NR) of 40 gilts. The 5 dietary treatments included a control corn soybean meal-based diet, a diet similar to the control diet but containing 6% each of corn distillers dried grains with soubles (DDGS), corn germ meal and wheat middlings with NE constant relative to the control diet, or allowed to decline. A last set of diets contained 12% each of the same co-products and NE held constant or allowed to
Least-Squares Reverse-Time Migration Using One-Step Two-Way Wave Extrapolation by Non-Stationary Phase Shift

The one-step low-rank wave-extrapolation operator is a nonstationary combination filter, and, as such, corresponds to the well-known PSPI method for the one-way wave equation. We propose its adjoint operator, the non-stationary phase shift (NSPS) wave extrapolation in time, which is a non-stationary convolution filter. A combination of PSPI and NSPS methods creates a symmetric and more accurate wave propagator. Numerical examples using a two-layer model demonstrate the improved accuracy. For applications to prestack reverse-time migration (RTM), the proposed framework incorporates a complex valued imaging condition. We use the forward modeling operator and its adjoint to implement least-squares RTM (LSRTM). Synthetic examples illustrate that, compared with conventional RTM, the low-rank LSRTM is capable of suppressing migration artifacts and achieving better illumination.
The Ghastly Kitchen

The metaphor of “the ghastly kitchen” of life science research, the places that, said the nineteenth-century physiologist Claude Bernard, stirred “the fetid and throbbing ground of life,” is well known. In the seventeenth century, the kitchen, and particularly the scullery, was the site of the slaughter, butchery, and dismemberment by carving of a variety of animals. The tools and techniques employed in these activities overlapped considerably with those of animal and human dissection. Dissection often took place in residences and the kitchen was the most likely place for this activity. This challenges historians’ identification of the kitchen as an exclusively female realm. The preparation of food and medicines occurred in tandem with experimental natural philosophy, sharing tools as well as the sensory apparatus of cooking, including tasting and smelling.
Differential Resistance to Insecticides in Typhlodromus arboreus Chant and Associate Phytoseiid Mites of Apple in the Willamette Valley, Oregon

Strains of Typhlodromus arboreus Chant resistant to azinphosmethyl and carbaryl occur in intensively sprayed apple orchards of the Willamette Valley, Oreg. These mites are equally resistant to these compounds as are resistant strains of the congeneric species, Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, but they are more susceptible to diazinon and phosalone than T. occidentalis . Resistant T. arboreus are more resistant to azinphosmethyl and carbaryl, but are almost equally susceptible to diazinon and phosalone as another associated species, Amblyseius andersoni Chant. The implications of these resistance features to colonization by these mites of intensively, moderately, and seldomly sprayed apple orchards in the Willamette Valley are discussed.
Going Concern Debt Ratios: Is the Firm Safe?

Traditionally, the maximum debt ratio of a balance sheet has been thought to be determined by the quality of total assets. That is, creditors want fewer other creditors (low debt ratio) when most of the assets are of lower quality (fixed assets). Conversely, higher debt ratios are tolerated by creditors when assets are of higher quality (primarily receivables). Thus, the credit markets will allow higher debt ratios for a finance company than they would for a heavy manufacturer. In this respect, a debt ratio is thought to be a liquidation ratio. That is, when corporate assets are liquidated by a bankrupt referee, higher quality assets will generate a larger quantity of proceeds than lower quality assets. Such an approach ignores the concept of a debt ratio as a going concern ratio. That is, how much do sales have to decline before earnings go negative. We demonstrate a simple method for determining degree of total leverage breakeven and whether or not the firm is safe. We demonstrate that debt ratios as compared with some industry benchmark can be poor indicators of firm safety.
Mean Square Stability of I to-Volterra Dynamic Equation

This paper presents a sufficient condition for the mean square stability of the Ito-Volterra dynamic equation on isolated time scales.
Orthodontics and occlusion: a historical perspective

Orthodontics has been somewhat isolated from other aspects of dentistry. To better serve patients, orthodontists should work to realign occlusal treatment objectives with those established by restorative dentistry.
Adaptive finger angle estimation from sEMG data with multiple linear and nonlinear model data fusion

This paper presents a novel approach to control the motion of a smart prosthesis using surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals. Currently, all sEMG based prosthetic hands are controlled based on pre-programmed motion sets, which are initiated when some threshold value of the measured sEMG signal is reached. In this paper, we present an approach that utilizes System Identification (SI) in order to obtain a dynamic finger angle model. Such a model allows for instantaneous control for the finger motions. The algorithm presented relays on an array of nine sEMG sensors. The sEMG and angle data is filtered using a nonlinear Teager-Kaiser Energy (TKE) operator based nonlinear spatial filter and a Chebyshev type-II filter respectively. The filtered signals are smoothed using a smoothing spline curve fitting. The smoothed sEMG data is used as input and the respective smoothed finger angle data is used as output for a system identification routine to obtain multiple linear and nonlinear models. To achieve better estimates of the finger angles, an adaptive probabilistic Kullback Information Criterion (KIC) for model selection based data fusion algorithm is applied to the linear and nonlinear model's outputs. Final fusion based output of this approach results in improved estimates of finger angles.
What kind of priming is most effective in the processing of relative clauses in context

This paper examines the influence of different kinds of preceding contexts on the processing of Chinese relative clauses (RCs). We systematically compared the processing of RCs in a canonical, non-canonical, and “null” context. This paper is the first to systematically examine three accounts of priming (the thematic pattern priming account proposed by Lin (2014), in addition to both the verb phrase constituent priming account and the syntactic position sequence priming account proposed by Fedorenko, Piantadosi, and Gibson (2012)) in RC processing. Results showed discrepancies between predictions from each priming account and the actual results. None of the three priming accounts could sufficiently explain the results in Chinese. Alternative possible explanations were suggested, including: (1) having a context makes RC reading more natural and frequency effects less obvious; (2) the NPs inside the RCs are primed by the original thematic roles or grammatical functions of same NPs in the critical context sentence; (3) an interplay of all three different kinds of priming in the processing of RCs in context may occur.
The Bible as Biopolitics in Obergefell v. Hodges: Theopolitical Subtexts and the Economic Management of Democracy

This essay examines the use of the Bible in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case on marriage equality, Obergefell v. Hodges. Several strands of argumentation in the case are considered in relation to each other. The conservative respondents and their supporters rely on interpretations of the Bible that are coded for the secular court as the fundamental importance of biology to marriage. The conservative judges argue that the majority ruling is a threat to democracy, using explicit biblical citations to make their points. Within the judicial dissents a subtle biblical and legal discourse indicates a worry about financial and personal interest trumping democracy. When the biblical and legal logics of the opposition to same-sex marriage are read together, they reveal and construct a disturbing vision for the consolidation of money and power in democracy through heteropatriarchal biological ties, moralized through an anxiety about financial interests and pleasure destroying democracy.
Gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma: using primary site as a predictor of survival.

Gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma (GI-FL) is a rare extranodal variant of follicular lymphoma (FL) that has been increasingly reported in the literature. An especially indolent course is linked to the disease after a lack of observed patient death in past studies. However, overall survival (OS) and associated prognostic factors remain unclear. A large population-based database was utilized to identify demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of GI-FL, along with survival differences among primary sites. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry was used to identify GI-FL cases between the years of 1973 and 2012. Kaplan–Meier curves compared OS differences and Cox proportional hazard models analyzed prognostic factors. Final analysis included 1109 cases. Small intestinal cases, which included those with single-site and multi-segment involvement, were most common (63.6%) followed by gastric (18.2%) and colorectal cases (18.2%). Small intestinal GI-FL presented more frequently with grade I histology, and less often with grade III histology (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Small intestinal cases had better outcomes (5-year OS = 80.9%, P < 0.001) compared to cases involving the stomach (5-year OS = 52.7%) and colorectum (5-year OS = 71.5%). On multivariate analysis for predictors of mortality, small intestinal involvement predicted for better survival; hazard ratio (HR) 0.66 (95% CI: 0.51–0.85). Advanced age (≥66), grade (grade III), and stage (Ann Arbor Stage III/IV) predicted for mortality with HR 5.46 (95% CI: 3.80–7.84), 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10–1.83), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.15–2.16), respectively. GI-FL has poorer outcomes than previously suggested. Small intestinal involvement has a better prognosis. A possible biological basis for this will require further investigations in the future.
Developing a New Approach to Case Management in Youth Mental Health: Strengths Model for Youth Case Management

Strengths Model (SM) case management has been utilized as a community based intervention with adults diagnosed with a mental illness since the 1980s. This paper describes the developmental, familial, and systemic adaptations made to the model so that it can be used with youth with mental illness. The resulting SM for Youth provides an alternative framework for providing case management to youth with mental illness which allows the youth to drive goal development and attainment by identifying and capitalizing on the youth’s strengths and resources. The model has the potential to positively impact youth mental health services by equipping supervisors and case managers with a formal model and tools, helping the case managers to feel more prepared and less stressed in their roles, and by empowering youth to engage in services that are positive and driven by their desires.
Identifying local structural states in atomic imaging by computer vision

The availability of atomically resolved imaging modalities enables an unprecedented view into the local structural states of materials, which manifest themselves by deviations from the fundamental assumptions of periodicity and symmetry. Consequently, approaches that aim to extract these local structural states from atomic imaging data with minimal assumptions regarding the average crystallographic configuration of a material are indispensable to advances in structural and chemical investigations of materials. Here, we present an approach to identify and classify local structural states that is rooted in computer vision. This approach introduces a definition of a structural state that is composed of both local and nonlocal information extracted from atomically resolved images, and is wholly untethered from the familiar concepts of symmetry and periodicity. Instead, this approach relies on computer vision techniques such as feature detection, and concepts such as scale invariance. We present the fundamental aspects of local structural state extraction and classification by application to simulated scanning transmission electron microscopy images, and analyze the robustness of this approach in the presence of common instrumental factors such as noise, limited spatial resolution, and weak contrast. Finally, we apply this computer vision-based approach for the unsupervised detection and classification of local structural states in an experimental electron micrograph of a complex oxides interface, and a scanning tunneling micrograph of a defect-engineered multilayer graphene surface.
Properties of metal-polymer-metal structures observed with space charge mapping techniques — II. Radiation induced space charge distributions

The techniques described in the preceding paper are utilized to observe the space charge distributions that are generated in metal-polymer-metal samples subjected to x-ray irradiation in the presence of an electric field. Our previous radiation-induced conductivity studies on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and doped poly(ethylene terephthalate) films have shown that holes are immobile in that material and electrons are the dominant photocarrier species. Consistent with those measurements, we find a positive space charge distribution trapped adjacent to the cathode in poly(ethylene terephthalate) samples after x-ray irradiation. The width of that heterocharge distribution is compared with the estimated electron Schubweg. Ongoing experiments studying the dose and electric field dependence of the space charge formation will be described. These measurements reveal injection currents that limit heterocharge formation. The presence of space charge limited currents in radiation-induced conductivity data will be examined.