cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cataloger’s Desktop Suite

The 2001 release 1 version of the Library of Congress’s Cataloger’s Desktop is reviewed. While LC has added new tools, most notably AACR2 and links to Web resources, and has ironed out a number of bugs over the past six years, this product remains functionally the same as it was in 1995. The user interface, search capabilities, internal file linking, customization, and other features of Desktop are illustrated and discussed, along with some of the technical problems encountered over the course of three years in one library’s networked experience. Finally, comparisons are made with the recent demonstration version of ClassWeb, the browser counterpart for the Classification Plus portion of Cataloger’s Desktop.
Performance Reporting: An Emerging Imperative with Unintended Consequences?

predicated on the notion that governments are insufficiently accountable has made that debate part of modern governance. Citizens consistendy affirm that that they want their government to be more accountable, but in the absence of a working definition of ac countability, what does this concept mean? Would scrupulously adhering to due process rules that potentially slow progress toward a program objective indicate evidence of ac countability or the lack thereof? Moreover, the tools of accountability (i.e., performance measures) often seem as subjective and con textual as the concept itself. Now the Governmental Accounting Stan dards Board (GASB), an organization created to promulgate standards of governmental ac counting, proposes to improve state and local government accountability by encouraging governments to report service performance alongside financial performance as a part of general-purpose financial reporting. Many organizations that champion accountability through performance measurement and per formance reporting have taken exception. Understanding their perspectives illustrates why the debate over accountability for perfor mance in anything but the abstract endures. A powerful but insufficiently tested assump tion of the reform movement is that measur
First contact pheromone identified for a longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Prioninae

Little is known of the reproductive behavior of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Prioninae. Mallodon dasystomus (Say), the hardwood stump borer, is a widely distributed prionine that is native to the southern U.S. Here, we explored the chemically-mediated mating behavior of M. dasystomus, and tested the hypothesis that males recognize females by a contact pheromone. In mating bioassays, all males tested attempted to mate with females only after contacting females with their antennae. Moreover, all males attempted to mate with solvent-washed dead females treated with as little as 0.15 ± 0.03 female equivalents of conspecific cuticular extracts, confirming that compounds on the cuticle of females are essential for mate recognition. Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of females contained 13 compounds that were not present in profiles of males. Among the female-specific compounds, two co-dominant methyl-branched alkanes, 2-methylhexacosane (2Me-C26) and 2-methyloctacosane (2Me-C28), accounted for 17% of the total hydrocarbons. Our strategy for identifying the contact pheromone was to synthesize and test the bioactivity of female specific compounds, starting with the most abundant. In bioassays, males displayed mating behavior in response to synthetic 2Me-C26 and 2Me-C28 when tested individually. Furthermore, when these compounds were tested in combination, they elicited the full progression of mating behaviors, suggesting that 2Me-C26 and 2Me-C28 make up the contact pheromone. These findings are further evidence of the critical role of contact pheromones in mating systems of longhorned beetles.
Multiple Independent Fusions of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase with Enzymes in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fusions of the first two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL), have been previously described in two distant clades, chordates and species of the malarial parasite Plasmodium. We have analyzed genome and expressed sequence data from a variety of organisms to identify the origins of these gene fusion events. Based on the orientation of the domains and range of species in which homologs can be found, the fusions appear to have occurred independently, near the base of the metazoan and apicomplexan lineages. Only one of the two metazoan paralogs of G6PD is fused, showing that the fusion occurred after a duplication event, which we have traced back to an ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoans. The Plasmodium genes are known to contain a functionally important insertion that is not seen in the other apicomplexan fusions, highlighting this as a unique characteristic of this group. Surprisingly, our search revealed two additional fusion events, one that combined 6PGL and G6PD in an ancestor of the protozoan parasites Trichomonas and Giardia, and another fusing G6PD with phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in a species of diatoms. This study extends the range of species known to contain fusions in the pentose phosphate pathway to many new medically and economically important organisms.
Adverse Effects Experienced by Patients Taking Timolol

Adverse effects involving one or more organ systems occurred in 38 of 165 patients with various types of glaucoma when timolol was added to their glaucoma therapy. It was necessary to discontinue timolol because of these side effects in 15 (9%) of the patients. Double-masked studies will be necessary to clarify the relationship of these adverse effects to the use of timolol.
Comparison of child obesity prevention and control content in mainstream and Spanish-language US parenting magazines.

Abstract Mass media coverage of child obesity is rising, paralleling the child obesity epidemic's growth, and there is evidence that parents seek parenting advice from media sources. Yet little to no research has examined the coverage of child obesity in parenting magazines or Spanish-language media. The purpose of this study was to use qualitative and quantitative content analysis methods to identify, quantify, and compare strategies for child obesity prevention and control presented in mainstream and Spanish-language US parenting magazines. Child obesity−related editorial content in 68 mainstream and 20 Spanish-language magazine issues published over 32 months was gathered. Magazine content was coded with a manual developed by refining themes from the sample and from an evidence-based child obesity prevention action plan. Seventy-three articles related to child obesity prevention and control were identified. Most focused on parental behavior change rather than environmental change, and only 3 in 10 articles referred to the social context in which parental behavior change takes place. Child obesity−focused articles were not given high prominence; only one in four articles in the entire sample referred to child obesity as a growing problem or epidemic. Key differences between genres reflect culturally important Latino themes, including family focus and changing health beliefs around child weight status. Given mass media's potential influence on parenting practices and public perceptions, nutrition communication professionals and registered dietitians need to work to reframe media coverage of childhood obesity as an environmental problem that requires broad-based policy solutions. Spanish-speaking media can be an ally in helping Latina women change cultural health beliefs around child weight status.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER USE AND REPLENISHMENT

A statistical technique which offers considerable promise in ground water studies is the fitting of polynomial trend-surfaces to ground water data and studying the variations in the surfaces and the residuals from these surfaces over a period of time. The application of trend-surface analysis to ground water study is based on the premise that the piezometric surface or water table can be approximated by a mathematically computed polynomial surface of the water levels of the wells in the aquifer. The evaluation of trend surface analysis application in ground water investigations was made up essentially of two considerations; a study of the relationship existing between the trend surfaces and the actual ground water surface and a study of the potential use of the residuals from the trend-surfaces to assist in the location of favorable sites for future development of ground water resources. The conclusions on aquifer behavior drawn from the trend surface analysis were compared with conclusions drawn from a concurrent survey of ground water conditions carried out independently of this investigation. This comparison provided the basis for the critical examination of the application of trend-surface analysis in ground water investigations.
Partial rate differences from CP violation in hyperon nonleptonic decays

Abstract The partial rate differences between particle and antiparticle into their corresponding CP conjugate states, e.g., λ, Σ, Ξ→πB, and λ , Σ , Ξ →π B , are estimated in the framework of the three left-handed-doublet model of Kobayashi and Maskawa using the current algebra methods. The CP-odd effects in general are very small.
Role of Viral Infections in the Etiology of Febrile Seizures

The role of viral infection in the etiology of febrile seizures is a relatively neglected field of neurologic research. A National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference (1981) omitted reference to causes of infections and the role of fever in febrile seizures, and emphasized outcome and anticonvulsant treatment. In an earlier review of the world literature (1924-1964), except for roseola infantum, viral infections as a cause of febrile seizures were rarely diagnosed. The present review includes reports of viruses most commonly associated with febrile seizures in the last decade, especially human herpesvirus-6 and influenza. The specificity and neurotropic properties of some viruses in the febrile seizure mechanism, a possible encephalitic or encephalopathic pathology, and the essential role of fever and height of the body temperature as a measure of the febrile seizure threshold are discussed. Cytokine and immune response to infection, and a genetic susceptibility to febrile seizures are additional etiologic factors. Future research should emphasize early detection of causative viruses, the nature of viral neurotropism, and the role of cytokines in fever induction. Trials of antiviral agents and vaccines, with attention to safety concerns, and more effective antipyretics would address the febrile seizure mechanism more specifically than anticonvulsant therapies.
Monetary policy, stock prices, and consumption externalities

Abstract We study interest rate rules responding to stock prices in a sticky-price sticky-wage New-Keynesian framework subject to consumption externalities. For given wage rigidity, such rules are beneficial to equilibrium determinacy if households’ preferences feature sufficiently strong keeping-up-with-the-Joneses externalities.
HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION DURING TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION (TPN)

Scattered reports of hepatic dysfunction during TPN led us to review the incidence of abnormal liver function tests (LFT) in patients receiving TPN. Sufficient data for analysis were available in 52 of 93 patients. None had liver disease or other explanations for the abnormal LFTs. The number of patients in each diagnostic category in whom abnormalities developed and the incidence of specific abnormalities are shown: None of 18 patients who received TPN fewer than 21 days but 11 of 34 who received TPN longer than 21 days developed persistent SGOT/SGPT>100 IU and direct bilirubin>2 mg/dl. Definite worsening of biochemical abnormalities occurred in 14 of 21 patients monitored during reinstitution of enteral feeding. Histological changes of intracellular and canalicular cholestasis with steatosis were seen in the 5 biopsy and 9 post-mortem specimens examined. In our experience, most patients receiving TPN develop hepatic dysfunction. Although the etiology is unknown, it is suggested that failure to maintain normal bile flow and/or alterations in bile production play a role.
Exceptional Paper---Probability Encoding in Decision Analysis

This paper presents the present philosophy and practice used in probability encoding by the Decision Analysis Group at Stanford Research Institute. Probability encoding, the process of extracting and quantifying individual judgment about uncertain quantities, is one of the major functions required in the performance of decision analysis. The paper discusses the setting of the encoding process, including the use of sensitivity analyses to identify crucial state variables for which extensive encoding procedures are appropriate. The importance of balancing modeling and encoding techniques is emphasized and examples of biases and unconscious modes of judgment are reviewed. A variety of encoding methods are presented and their applicability is discussed. The authors recommend and describe a structured interview process that utilizes a trained interviewer and a number of techniques designed to reduce biases and aid in the quantification of judgment.
Imaginary companions: An evaluation of parents as reporters

Parents are often solicited as reporters on their children's imaginary companions (ICs), but the correspondence between their reports and children's descriptions of pretend friends has received little attention. Sixty 4-year-old children and their parents provided descriptions of the children's interest in fantasy play, and 40 of these pairs also reported on children's ICs (20 on invisible friends and 20 on personified objects such as dolls). Results indicated that reports from parents of children with ICs matched their children's reports for involvement in fantasy play better than those of parents of children without ICs. For both IC groups, parents' reports concurred with children's for IC form, sex and physical description, but overall, parent–child agreement was higher for invisible friends than for personified objects. Results imply that parents may be better reporters of normative developmental processes that are slightly atypical than those that are common to most children. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Displacement of Estradiol-17β from the Uterus by Estradiol-17α: Effect on Template Capacity of Uterine Chromatin

Administration of 6,7-3H-estradiol- 17β to mature ovariectomized rats results in the labeling of 2 pools of estradiol-17β in the uterus. Half-lives of the 2 pools are 0.7 and 5 hr. Intraluminal (IL) uterine application of 10 μg of estradiol-17α 6 hr after administration of 3Hestradiol- 17β is capable of enhancing the rate of displacement of the previously bound active estrogen from the uterus. By the 12th hr the uterine levels are 30-50% less than in saline treated controls. The reduced estradiol-17β content is reflected in the relative labeling of uterine chromatin prepared from the 2 groups. When assayedassayed for its capacity to serve as a template for DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, it was found that treatment with estradiol-17α prevented the additional increase in template capacity of uterine chromatin normally observed to occur between the 6th and 12th hr after treatment with estradiol-17β. These results suggest that estradiol- 17α and perhaps other estrogenic compounds with subdued biological activi...
The binding site of the strongly bound Eu3+ in Eu3+-regenerated bacteriorhodopsin

A Scatchard plot for the strongly bound Eu3+ to deionized bacteriorhodopsin (bR) was made using a method based on measuring the concentration of unbound Eu3+ from its fluorescence intensity. The results suggest that the first mole of Eu3+ added to a mole of bR is strongly bound by displacing 2–3 protons. In order to reconcile this result with the previous time-resolved fluorescence studies on Eu3+-regenerated bR, which showed the pressence of 3 sites of comparable binding constants, one is forced to conclude that the emission from the strongly bound Eu3+ is completely quenched, e.g. by energy transfer to the retinal. For this to take place, the Eu3+ must be within a few A from the retinal, i.e. within the retinal pocket (the active site). The possible importance of this conclusion to the deprotonation mechanism of the protonated Schiff base, the switch of the proton pump in bR, is discussed.
Evaluation of porphyria cutanea tarda in U.S. workers exposed to 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin

A cross-sectional medical study was performed to evaluate whether occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-contaminated substances is associated with porphyria cutanea tarda or porphyrinuria. The exposed participants were employed more than 15 years earlier in the manufacture of sodium trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The referent group consisted of individuals with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides. A total of 281 workers and 260 referents participated. The pattern of urinary porphyrin excretion for each participant was assessed to determine if symptomatic or subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda was present. None of the participants were found to have symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda. No difference was found between workers and referents in the prevalence of subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19, 4.54). There were also no differences in the risk between workers and referents for an out-of-range urinary uro-porphyrin or coproporphyrin concentration. In conclusion, this study did not find an elevated risk for porphyria cutanea tarda or porphyrinuria among workers with high serum TCDD levels. Our review of the literature indicates that there is insufficient evidence available to convincingly support or refute an association in humans between TCDD exposure and porphyria cutanea tarda or porphyrinuria.
Does Herbivore Diversity Depend on Plant Diversity? The Case of California Butterflies

Abstract: It is widely believed that the diversity of plants influences the diversity of animals, and this should be particularly true of herbivores. We examine this supposition at a moderate spatial extent by comparing the richness patterns of the 217 butterfly species resident in California to those of plants, including all 5,902 vascular plant species and the 552 species known to be fed on by caterpillars. We also examine the relationships between plant/butterfly richness and 20 environmental variables. We found that although plant and butterfly diversities are positively correlated, multiple regression, path models, and spatial analysis indicate that once primary productivity (estimated by a water‐energy variable, actual evapotranspiration) and topographical variability are incorporated into models, neither measure of plant richness has any relationship with butterfly richness. To examine whether butterflies with the most specialized diets follow the pattern found across all butterflies, we repeated t...
A functional polymorphism within the μ-opioid receptor gene and risk for abuse of alcohol and other substances

Genetic association studies investigating the role of the +118A allele of the human μ-opioid receptor gene in risk for alcohol dependency have produced inconsistent findings, possibly because of the failure to recognize sampling methodology difficulties inherent in association studies of polygenic disorders. We examined the frequency of the AA genotype and A allele in several groups of substance-dependent cases, unrestricted controls, and super controls screened for the use of alcohol and cigarettes. Our findings and analyses suggest that the OPRM1 +118 polymorphism is a general risk gene for substance dependence, but is not specific to a particular substance. The nature of the conferred risk is likely to be in use of multiple substances, but it is not yet determined if the risk could be expressed in severity of use of any particular substance. The contribution of the gene to risk for substance dependence is small, and is detected most easily in studies that use control samples that are screened for all forms of substance dependence.
Weak Electromagnetic Fields Around a Rotating Black Hole

Foundations are laid for studying weak electromagnetic fields around a rotating black hole. In particular, Maxwell's equations in the Kerr geometry of the black hole are reduced to a single second-order partial differential equation. Although this differential equation is probably not separable, it is sufficiently simple to yield theorems about electromagnetic properties of black holes.
Quantitative detection of Vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

Abstract Vibrio vulnificus is a significant cause of seafood-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Rapid and sensitive detection assays are needed to facilitate better control of potential V. vulnificus infections from seafood consumption. Recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been applied to detect V. vulnificus. In this study, the LAMP assay was coupled with either fluorescence- or turbidity-based real-time platforms for the quantitative detection of V. vulnificus in raw oysters. Both real-time platform assays possessed good specificity, with no false positive or false negative results among 38 V. vulnificus and 42 other bacteria tested. Comparable sensitivity was obtained using the two real-time platforms, with the assay limits of detection to be approximately 1–10 CFU/reaction of V. vulnificus in pure culture, up to 100-fold more sensitive than PCR. When applied to spiked oyster samples, the real-time LAMP assays were able to detect 6.4 × 10 4 CFU/g of oyster without enrichment, 1000 fold more sensitive than PCR. Standard curves generated for detecting V. vulnificus in both pure culture and spiked oyster samples showed good linear regression between cell counts and the fluorescence Ct or turbidity Tt values. In summary, the real-time LAMP assays developed in the present study could be adopted for the quantitative detection of V. vulnificus in raw oysters with high sensitivity and specificity.
Stimulation of prolactin secretion by morphine: role of the central serotonergic system.

Abstract Unanesthetized male rats with indwellinh right atrial cannulae were injected with morphine (MOR) i.v. which produced a dose-related increase in plasma prolactin levels (PRL). This effect was blocked partially by naloxone (NAL) at a dose of 0.06 mg/kg and totally by 0.6 mg/kg NAL. Interruption of central serotonergic neurotransmission by receptor blockade, with metergoline (MET) or cyproheptadine (Cypro), inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase by para-chlorophenylalanine or destruction of serotonin neurons by 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine antagonized the morphine (3 mg/kg) induced elevation in PRL release. Depression of dopaminergic activity with α-methyl-para-tyrosine elevated the basal PRL levels, but it did not prevent a further increase of prolactin levels by morphine (3 mg/kg). These data are compatible with the hypothesis that morphine stimulates PRL release by activation of the central serotonergic system.
Tackling medical futility in Texas.

For several weeks this spring, national attention was focused on a mother's struggle to prevent the Children's Hospital of Austin from withdrawing life support from her infant son, Emilio Gonzales. The Gonzales case is the most recent in a series of famous “futility” cases. Dr. Robert Truog discusses futility cases and The Texas Advance Directives Act. Robert Truog discusses the concept of medical futility, hospital policies on withdrawing care, and the relevant law in Texas, where the Emilio Gonzales case took place. Dr. Truog is a professor of medical ethics and pediatric anesthesia at Harvard Medical School and a senior associate in critical care medicine at Children's Hospital, Boston.
Feeding Preferences of Omnivorous Gizzard Shad as Influenced by Fish Size and Zooplankton Density

Abstract In Ohio reservoirs, larval gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum less than 30 mm total length consume only zooplankton but frequently switch to detritus as they grow longer than 30 mm. However, in laboratory studies without detritus, gizzard shad longer than 30 mm consume crustacean zooplankton. To explore the composition of diets of omnivorous 30–100-mm gizzard shad, we completed 1-h laboratory feeding trials with different amounts of zooplankton and detritus and quantified the diets of gizzard shad in reservoirs. In both laboratory and field, gizzard shad ate primarily detritus but also ate zooplankton, consuming more as more became available, which demonstrates that this species is a facultative detritivore. In the field, zooplankton consumption declined as gizzard shad body size increased. We believe gizzard shad maximize growth by supplementing their low-protein detritus diet with more zooplankton as more becomes available. With this strategy, omnivorous gizzard shad may compromise the potential ...
Perioperative management of gynecological surgery patients: does fellow involvement improve performance?

Introduction and hypothesis Physicians-in-training play a role in guiding patient care, and their contributions may improve adherence to clinical practice guidelines. However, there is scant information in the literature assessing this impact on perioperative decision-making. The purpose of this study was to determine whether involvement of urogynecology fellows results in closer adherence to guidelines regarding perioperative management of gynecological patients.
Effective sampling-driven performance tools for GPU-accelerated supercomputers

Performance analysis of GPU-accelerated systems requires a system-wide view that considers both CPU and GPU components. In this paper, we describe how to extend system-wide, sampling-based performance analysis methods to GPU-accelerated systems. Since current GPUs do not support sampling, our implementation required careful coordination of instrumentation-based performance data collection on GPUs with sampling-based methods employed on CPUs. In addition, we also introduce a novel technique for analyzing systemic idleness in CPU/GPU systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques with application case studies on Titan and Keeneland. Some of the highlights of our case studies are: 1) we improved performance for LULESH 1.0 by 30%, 2) we identified a hardware performance problem on Keeneland, 3) we identified a scaling problem in LAMMPS derived from CUDA initialization, and 4) we identified a performance problem that is caused by GPU synchronization operations that suffer delays due to blocking system calls.
Late replacement of the pulmonary valve: when and what type of valve?

After repair of tetralogy of Fallot, many patients present in need of reoperative surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. The predominant physiologic lesion is pulmonary insufficiency, but there may also be varying degrees of obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. In the past, it has been felt that patients tolerate pulmonary insufficiency reasonably well. In some patients, however, the long-term effects of pulmonary insufficiency and subsequent right ventricular dilation and dysfunction are associated with poor exercise tolerance and increased incidence of arrhythmias and sudden death.1,2 Numerous studies support replacement of the pulmonary valve as treatment for pulmonary insufficiency in order to improve performance, optimize hemodynamics, and better control arrhythmias.3–10 The indications for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in this setting, nonetheless, as well as the operative strategy, continue to evolve. There are multiple surgical options for replacement of the pulmonary valve for these patients, including aortic and pulmonary homografts, stented and stentless porcine valves, porcine valved conduits, bovine jugular venous conduits, and even mechanical valves and mechanical valved conduits.11–32 It was a less than ideal experience with these currently available options that stimulated our interest into employing alternative materials and techniques. Favorable experimental and clinical experience with valves made of a polytetrafluoroethylene monoleaflet33–36 encouraged us to consider a new method of reconstruction with this material, using a bifoliate polytetrafluoroethylene valve. In this work, we review our indications for replacement of the pulmonary valve after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, the surgical options available, and our experience reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with a new surgically created bifoliate polytetrafluoroethylene valve.
Carbodiimide-intermediated esterification of the inorganic phosphates and the effect of tertiary amine base☆

Detailed analysis of appropriate 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra shows that under the usual laboratory conditions, carbodiimide-induced condensation of orthophosphoric acid in a number of solvents leads to condensation only slightly beyond the metaphosphate composition in the presence of strong tertiary amines; whereas in the absence of amine, the condensation proceeds into the ultraphosphate region about halfway between the metaphosphate and phosphoric anhydride compositions. With amine, the principal product consists of the cyclic trimetaphosphate anion, with one of the nonbridging oxygen atoms substituted by the urea resulting from hydration of the carboiimide, i.e., (O2-) P-O-P(O2-) -O-P(O) [N[CH(CH3)2] see article [C(O)NHCH(CH3)2]] for the condensation with diisopropylcarbodiimide. Without amine, the major product is the 1,5-mu-oxotetrametaphosphate anion see article. The well-known carbodiimide-mediated phosphorylation of alcohols with orthophosphoric acid is shown to be directly attributable to the high reactivity of the phosphate branch groups of the carbodiimide-generated ultraphosphates.
Performance assessments of iris recognition in tactical biometric devices

Tactical biometric devices are used to establish the identity of individuals of interest in various military and law-enforcement scenarios. Most testing of these devices has been conducted in laboratory settings rather than in operationally-realistic tactical scenarios. This study describes an experiment which can viably replace this paradigm by measuring the performance of handheld biometric devices in a variety of tactical environments. The experimental procedure assessed the collectability, quality and matchability of images collected in operationally-realistic scenarios. Iris recognition accuracy was measured using several commercial algorithms. Results illustrate performance degradation in operational results relative to laboratory results; the collection limitations of the devices in operationally-realistic settings; and the effects of operators, subjects, devices and environments on performance. The authors believe that this experiment is unique in its exploration of these elements and that the powerful results presented suggest a need for refinement of design and procurement criteria.
Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis – epidemiology and management approaches

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a group of disorders characterized by arthritis persisting for at least 6 weeks with onset before the age of 16 years. Within this cluster of condi- tions, the polyarticular form (involving more than four joints within the first 6 months) is further divided based on the presence of rheumatoid factor. Children with polyarticular JIA pose unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges compared to children with involvement of fewer joints. Polyarticular JIA patients tend to have a more refractory course and therefore are at increased risk for joint damage, resulting in poorer functional outcomes and decreased quality of life. Although the ability to treat this disorder continues to improve, especially with the advent of biologic agents, there is still much about the epidemiology and pathogenesis of polyarticular JIA that is unknown. The epidemiology of polyarticular JIA varies worldwide with a vast difference in reported cases between different global regions as well as within individual countries. Several genetic risk loci have been identified conferring increased susceptibility to JIA, many within the human leukocyte antigen region. Beyond the genome, environmental factors also seem to contribute to the etiology of polyarticular JIA. This review article will focus on the epidemiol- ogy and current treatments of polyarticular JIA and briefly discuss genetic and environmental influences on the pathogenesis of JIA as well as new and emerging therapies.
Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: neurovascular injury associated with posterior elbow dislocations

Posterior elbow dislocations are the most common type of elbow dislocation and are usually caused by a fall on an outstretched hand. Although the incidence of elbow dislocation complications is rare, the emergency physician is responsible for evaluation and identification of concomitant neurovascular injuries. Failure to identify neurovascular compromise after elbow dislocation or reduction can potentially lead to severe morbidity with limb ischemia, neurologic changes, compartment syndrome, and potential loss of limb. Cyanosis, pallor, pulselessness, and marked pain should suggest vascular injury or compartment syndrome, both requiring immediate intervention. Patients in whom it is not clear if there is vascular injury should undergo further imaging with angiography, considered the gold standard for evaluation of arterial damage. It is important for the emergency physician to maintain a high level of suspicion and evaluate for neurovascular compromise on every patient with elbow dislocation despite the low overall incidence of severe injury.
Mitral valve surgery in children with the Marfan syndrome

Abstract Mitral valve disease is a common feature of the Marfan syndrome, seen in approximately 80% and 60% of adult and pediatric cases, respectively. Progressive mitral valve dysfunction with secondary left ventricular failure is the most common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in affected infants. The characteristic pathologic changes include annular dilatation, fibromyxomatous and nodular thickening of the leaflets, leaflet fenestration, and elongation and rupture of the chordae tendinae. Indications for surgical intervention include congestive heart failure, progressive chamber dilatation, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, moderate mitral regurgitation, or, rarely, endocarditis. In addition to valve replacement, standard surgical repair techniques are effective in the management of the Marfan mitral valve. Mitral valve repair can often be performed coincident with aortic root replacement. Operative and mid-term follow-up results strongly suggest that current surgical techniques provide a safe and effective means to manage mitral valve dysfunction in pediatric patients with the Marfan syndrome.
Comment on “Egg consumption in mature Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.)”Appears in Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 66(9): 1546–1553.

In their recent article, “Egg consumption in mature Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.)” (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 66(9): 1546–1553), Garner et al. observed salmon eggs in the stomach contents of m...
Serum biomarker profiling by solid‐phase extraction with particle‐embedded micro tips and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

One of the main challenges in high-throughput serum profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is the development of proteome fractionation approaches that allow the acquisition of reproducible profiles with a maximum number of spectral features and minimum interferences from biological matrices. This study evaluates a new class of solid-phase extraction (SPE) pipette tips embedded with different chromatographic media for fractionation of model protein digests and serum samples. The materials embedded include strong anion exchange (SAX), weak cation exchange (WCX), C18, C8, C4, immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and zirconium dioxide particles. Simple and rapid serum proteome profiling protocols based on these SPE micro tips are described and tested using a variety of MALDI matrices. We show that different types of particle-embedded SPE micro tips provide complementary information in terms of the spectral features detected for beta-casein digests and control human serum samples. The effect of different sample pretreatments, such as serum dilution and ultrafiltration using molecular weight cut-off membranes, and the reproducibility observed for replicate experiments, are also evaluated. The results demonstrate the usefulness of these simple SPE tips combined with offline MALDI-TOF MS for obtaining information-rich serum profiles, resulting in a robust, versatile and reproducible open-source platform for serum biomarker discovery.
The Importance of Strength, Speed, and Body Size for Team Success in Women's Intercollegiate Volleyball

Abstract Various anthropometric, strength, and speed variables were obtained on 180 intercollegiate women volleyball players who participated in a regional round-robin tournament. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors underlying the motor performance of the women and then determine if there was any relationship between the factors and team success. Factor analysis of the measured variables showed that the variables could be dimensioned as body size, speed/fat, and strength. Multiple discriminant analysis showed that the teams were significantly different on the factors of strength and speed/fat. Team centroids were plotted in two-dimensional discriminant space, and this graphic representation showed that the stronger, faster, and leaner teams were the most successful in tournament play. The results showed that the basic factors of speed/fat and strength were related to team success. Multiple discriminant analysis helped to identify the two most important individual variables for team succe...
The Road to BIBFRAME: The Evolution of the Idea of Bibliographic Transition into a Post-MARC Future

This article provides a representative overview of literature related to the idea of replacing MARC with a linked-data metadata structure, covering the period from 2002 through the 2012 release of the draft of the proposed bibliographic framework, BIBFRAME. Works proposing the replacement of MARC or exploring linked data in a library context are examined. In particular, key documents leading to the creation of the Library of Congress Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative are examined, along with some of the critical responses they received, to better understand the chain of ideas shaping BIBFRAME.
Supercritical extraction of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from soil

Adsorption and desorption of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from soil in the presence of supercritical CO[sub 2] is studied. The soil adsorption isotherms are described by the Freundlich and BET models. Polar modifiers like methanol and water are found to exhibit a strong desorptive influence. A simple, single-parameter model using linear desorption kinetics is used to fit the desorption data. 5 refs., 4 figs.
Do low dose-rate bystander effects influence domestic radon risks?

exposure (NCRP 1987). For a variety of reasons, Purpose: Radon risks derive from exposure of bronchio-epithelial however, direct epidemiological assessment of the cells to high-linear energy transfer (LET) a-particles. a-particle risks from domestic radon exposure is diYcult, exposure can result in bystander eVects, where irradiated cells resulting in risk estimates with wide conedence interemit signals resulting in damage to nearby unirradiated bystander vals (Lubin et al. 1995b). Consequently, domestic cells. This can result in non-linear dose‐response relations, and inverse dose-rate eVects. Domestic radon risk estimates are radon risk estimates are currently based on extrapolacurrently extrapolated from miner data, which are at both higher tion of data from miner studies, largely at considerdoses and higher dose-rates, so bystander eVects on unhit cells ably higher radon exposures and exposure rates. At could play a large role in the extrapolation of risks from mines present, a linear extrapolation of the risks from high to homes. Therefore, we extend an earlier quantitative mechan- to low radon exposures is generally considered to istic model of bystander eVects to include protracted exposure, with the aim of quantifying the signiecance of the bystander have the strongest biophysical rationale (NRC 1999). eVect for very prolonged exposures. At an average home radon concentration, few Materials and methods: A model of high-LET bystander eVects, potential target cells in the bronchial epithelium of a originally developed to analyse oncogenic transformation in vitro, home resident will be struck or traversed by an ais extended to low dose-rates. The model considers radiation particle in, say, 1 year (NRC 1999)—and this obserresponse as a superposition of bystander and linear direct eVects. It attributes bystander eVects to a small subpopulation of hyper- vation remains true even at high domestic radon sensitive cells, with the bystander contribution dominating the levels (egure 1). direct contribution at very low acute doses but saturating as This inhomogeneous energy deposition by a-parthe dose increases. Inverse dose-rate eVects are attributed to the ticles is of potential relevance to the radon problem replenishment of the hypersensitive subpopulation during because there is convincing evidence, at least in vitro, prolonged irradiation. Results: The model was etted to dose- and dose-rate-dependent that irradiated cells can send out signals that can radon-exposed miner data, suggesting that one directly hit target result in damage to nearby unirradiated ‘bystander’ bronchio-epithelial cell can send bystander signals to about 50 cells. The evidence is particularly strong for highneighbouring target cells. The model suggests that a nao
The complex business of adapting effective interventions to new populations: An urban to rural transfer

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of a relatively unaltered version of a sexual risk reduction intervention previously shown to be effective among urban youth, "Original Focus on Kids" (OFOK), compared with a version modified for West Virginia (WVFOK) and a control condition (training in environmental conservation), in altering protective sexual behaviors and perceptions among rural, Appalachian youth. Subjects: Nine hundred ninety-nine youth aged 12 to 16 years from 12 rural counties in West Virginia. Method: Randomized, controlled, longitudinal trial of a theory-based prevention intervention. Outcomes were self-reported sexual behaviors and perceptions assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months postintervention. Results: Both WVFOK and OFOK positively affected perceptions of abstinence but not behaviors. OFOK significantly enhanced some perceptions of condom use compared with both control youth and WVFOK youth, but again, not behaviors. Conclusions: Overall, neither version was as effective as FOK had been in the original urban setting. The less altered version (OFOK) was more effective, especially with regard to condom-use perceptions, in this new population and cultural setting than the more culturally altered version (WVFOK). In several of the implementation settings, neither version was delivered as intended by the researchers because of logistic issues. Although many of these changes were seemingly minor, such deviations may have significant impact on intervention effect. © 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
StreamRay: a stream filtering architecture for coherent ray tracing

The wide availability of commodity graphics processors has made real-time graphics an intrinsic component of the human/computer interface. These graphics cores accelerate the z-buffer algorithm and provide a highly interactive experience at a relatively low cost. However, many applications in entertainment, science, and industry require high quality lighting effects such as accurate shadows, reflection, and refraction. These effects can be difficult to achieve with z-buffer algorithms but are straightforward to implement using ray tracing. Although ray tracing is computationally more complex, the algorithm exhibits excellent scaling and parallelism properties. Nevertheless, ray tracing memory access patterns are difficult to predict and the parallelism speedup promise is therefore hard to achieve.This paper highlights a novel approach to ray tracing based on stream filtering and presents StreamRay, a multicore wide SIMD microarchitecture that delivers interactive frame rates of 15-32 frames/second for scenes of high geometric complexity and exhibits high utilization for SIMD widths ranging from eight to 16 elements. StreamRay consists of two main components: the ray engine, which is responsible for stream assembly and employs address generation units that generate addresses to form large SIMD vectors, and the filter engine, which implements the ray tracing operations with programmable accelerators. Results demonstrate that separating address and data processing reduces data movement and resource contention. Performance improves by 56% while simultaneously providing 11.63% power savings per accelerator core compared to a design which does not use separate resources for address and data computations.
The Effect of Arrests on the Employment and Earnings of Young Men

Many young men commit crime, and many are arrested. I estimate the effect of arrests on the employment and earnings of arrestees, using a large longitudinal data set constructed by merging police records with UI earnings data. I find that the effects of arrests are moderate in magnitude and rather short-lived.
Discovering the information model (your legacy information might not be so hopeless)

This paper deals explores the process of developing an information model for a large body of existing technical documentation, with the intent of building a navigation system to present the same information online. Authors tend to embed a consistent set of principles within a traditional documentation library, simply by following good writing practices. The architect can draw on this "collective unconscious" to formalize the model that is already there, requiring minimal rework to implement strategies for online presentation. The paper shows "before and after" examples from an online navigation system built around the information model, allowing the traditional documentation library to be accessed both in innovative and familiar ways.
Maximizing Top-down Constraints for Unification-based Systems

A left-corner parsing algorithm with topdown filtering has been reported to show very efficient performance for unification-based systems. However, due to the nontermination of parsing with left-recursive grammars, top-down constraints must be weakened. In this paper, a general method of maximizng top-down constraints is proposed. The method provides a procedure to dynamically compute restrictor, a minimum set of features involved in an infinite loop for every propagation path; thus top-down constraints are maximally propagated.
From fragmentation to continuity: engineering students making sense of experience through the development of a professional portfolio

Experience is commonly held to be essential for learning, especially in a professional discipline like engineering. However experiences, if unexamined, are not necessarily educative. This article explores the potential to fully claim prior experience as educative through the development of a professional portfolio. Eleven students developed portfolios and participated in qualitative interviews. The findings revealed that these students added educative value to their prior experiences in this process.