cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time and Place Do Exist: Strindberg and Visual Media

August Strindberg’s talents as painter and photographer have received broad recognition in recent years. Several major exhibitions held in Sweden and abroad cast new light on these other sides of the famous playwright. What deserves attention in this context is that Strindberg never kept his writing separate from his interest in visual arts but established a symbiotic relationship between the two fields with manifold ramifications. Ideas freely flow back and forth and the visual came to manifest a key aspect in his literary output. As Evert Sprinchorn noted, “No other major dramatist offers such a rich feast for the eye of the spectator. To see his plays is to walk through a gallery of memorable pictures.” 1 Strindberg’s preoccupation with visual means also frequently coincided with his fascination for cutting-edge technologies. The field of photography is perhaps the most prominent example for this overlapping of interests which resulted not only in a number of photographic experiments and snapshots but also in various literary themes and metaphors. In 1895, a new optical technology emerged with the cinema and Strindberg was quick to incorporate the Lumiere brothers’ invention into his fictional writing. Less than three years later, he captured in his autobiographical novel Legends (1898) an episode in which the first-person narrator is gazing at the twirling street life of Paris through the window of a restaurant, comparing it with watching “the liveliest cinematographic image.” 2 Strindberg returned to the medium on two more occasions. By that time, film had undergone some major transformations. Around 1904, for example, the first permanent movie theatres started to be built in Stockholm. When Strindberg sought to renew the stage through the Intimate Theatre, he would mention these “modern institutions” as a model to be emulated. 3 Two ideas in particular he found worth adopting for his own theatre concept: that all seats should be equally good and that the performances ought to be given “at a suitable hour not too close to bed-time” so that even people who needed to get up for work early the next morning would be able to attend. It is in this context that Strindberg also spoke of the cinema as a “democratic” form of entertainment.
Campus Climate in the Twenty-First Century: Estimating Perceptions of Discrimination at a Racially Mixed Institution, 1994-2006.

Focusing on a racially mixed campus, the study gauges the impact of perceived discrimination on student satisfaction, enrollment persistence, and graduation under conditions of changing structural diversity.
An experimental procedure for simulation response surface model identification

An experimental method for identifying an appropriate model for a simulation response surface is presented. This technique can be used for globally identifying those factors in a simulation that have a significant influence on the output. The experiments are run in the frequency domain. A simulation model is run with input factors that oscillate at different frequencies during a run. The functional form of a response surface model for the simulation is indicated by the frequency spectrum of the output process. The statistical significance of each term in a prospective response surface model can be measured. Conditions are given for which the frequency domain approach is equivalent to ranking terms in a response surface model by their correlation with the output. Frequency domain simulation experiments typically will require many fewer computer runs than conventional run-oriented simulation experiments.
The poorly controlled hypertensive patient

S YSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC hypertension are important indicators of cardiovascular disease. Borderline hypertension is usually defined as a blood pressure between 160/ 100 and 140/90 mm Hg. In essential hypertension, arterial pressure increases, as does systemic vascular resistance, which produces a pressure overload on the left ventricle and results in concentric ventricular hypertrophy. Patients with hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy are at increased risk for sudden death, ventricular dysrhythmias, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia. Ventricular hypertrophy increases myocardial oxygen demand while decreasing myocardial oxygen supply to the hypertrophied myocardium. Patients with hypertension should be assumed to have coronary artery disease until proven otherwise. Ventricular dysrhythmias occur due to myocardial ischemia, pressure overload, and fibrotic myocardial tissue in patients with ventricular hypertrophy. The end stage of hypertensive cardiovascular disease is left ventricular failure. Therefore, the margin of safety is greatly reduced in the hypertensive patient.
X-Ray Quantum Efficiency Of Microchannel Plates

The quantum efficiency of microchannel plates has been measured at energies from 0.28 to 3.0 keV and at angles less than 6°. The quantum efficiency reaches a maximum of 27% at 3° and an energy of 0.86 keV. At all energies, the quantum efficiency increases as the angle of incidence decreases until a critical angle is reached, after which the efficiency decreases rapidly. The quantum efficiency, outside of the small angle dip, decreases with energy at a constant angle. The general behaviour of the quantum efficiency can be understood using a very simple physical model. The low angle dip is caused by reflection from the surface of the channel. The variation of the quantum efficiency as a function of energy can be explained by the variation of the X-ray absorption and of the photo- and Auger electron ranges. The data are reasonably reproduced by a simple model.
α,β-Methylene ATP enhances P2Y4 contraction of rabbit basilar artery

Interactions between different selective P2 receptor agonists have been used as tools to identify different P2 receptor subtypes. In the present study, we examined the P2 receptor subtypes and the ...
To Buffer or to Switch: Design of Multichannel MAC for OSA Ad Hoc Networks

We present an analytical framework to assess the effectiveness of different combinations of medium access control (MAC) protocols for multichannel opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) ad hoc networks. As a performance metric we focus on average link layer throughput, and investigate dedicated control channel (DCC) and hopping control channel (HCC) MAC protocol abstractions. For DCC and HCC protocol classes we analyze two distinct strategies of managing active secondary user (SU) connection on the event of primary user (PU) arrival: to buffer the connection until PU leaves, or to switch the existing SU connection to a vacant channel. We come to an interesting conclusion: while, intuitively, OSA MAC protocols that support both SU connection buffering and SU connection switching should obtain the highest throughput, due to the channel switching overhead SU connection buffering alone performs better than the rest of the protocol combinations considered.
AP-1: One Switch for Many Signals

The transcription factor AP-1 is activated in response to an incredible array of stimuli, including mitogenic growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors of the TGF-beta family, UV and ionizing irradiation, cellular stress, antigen binding, and neoplastic transformation. In this review, I discuss genetic evidence that supports a role for AP-1 in the cellular response to some of these stimuli and describe biochemical properties that might explain the ability of this transcription factor to activate different sets of genes in response to different stimuli.
Ontogeny of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in developing heart: effect of acute β-adrenergic stimulation

Signaling pathways underlying transition of cardiomyocyte growth from hyperplasia in fetal/newborn to hypertrophy in postnatal/adult hearts are not well understood. We have shown that β-adrenergic ...
Evolution in the management of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries: a multicenter review.

BACKGROUNDTraumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI) is uncommon and has historically been identified by chest x-ray and repaired by laparotomy with nonabsorbable suture. Blunt TDI was more frequently (90%) detected on the left. With advances in imaging and operative techniques, our objective was to evalu
Clinical Utility of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Microarrays in Pediatric Cancer and Non-Malignant Hematologic Disorders

Array-based technology has been showing great impact in clinical cancer cytogenetics. This study was to test the feasibility of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays in the clinical diagnosis of pediatric cancers. A total of 74 cases, including 39 acute leukemias (27B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia [BCPALL], 6 T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, 5 acute myeloid leukemia, and 1 mix-phenotypic acute leukemia), 15 solid tumors, 5 myelodysplastic disorders, 6 non-malignant hematologic disorders, 5 lymphomas, 1 chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, as well as 3 normal remissionmarrows were tested using Illumina Cyto 12 and/ or 1M quad SNP arrays. Overall the SNP array data showed good concordance with cytogenetic/FISH data. SNP arrays revealed most cytogenetically unidentifiable abnormalities including copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH). In addition, SNP arrays provided prognostic information in 10 acute leukemia cases previously reported with normal cytogenetics and/or FISH and detected deletion of cancer genes (PAX5, MLL, PTEN and EVI1, etc.) at the exon level. Importantly, in 1 case with thrombocytopenia and a known constitutional RUNX1 gene deletion, SNP array revealed a low level (w20%)ofmosaicCN-LOH for chromosome21; and in2 BCP-ALL cases reported as hyperdiploid by chromosome /FISH analyses, SNP array detected CN-LOH in all disomic chromosomes, indicating that the hyperdiploidy in fact resulted from doubling of a hypodiploid clone. Finally, SNParray detected 3 novel amplificationsat 2p25.2 ina neuroblastomacaseoriginally reported with MYCN amplification and amplicons at 2p25.1wp24.3 encompassing 16 genes in a high-grade glioma originally reported with double minute chromosomes. In conclusion, SNP arrays could not only confirm most karyotypic/FISH data but could also detect additional genomic aberrations, some with significant clinical implications. This pilot study shows that SNP array has great potential as a diagnostic tool in pediatric cancer cytogenetics and can be integrated into routine clinical cancer cytogenetic testing.
Hereditary Viruses of Heliothis? Chromatin-Associated Virus-like Particles in Testes of Six Species of Heliothis and Helicoverpa, F1, and Backcross Males

Abstract Examination of testes of 14 species and strains of Heliothis and Helicoverpa , including those from F 1 and backcross males resulting from the hybridization of Heliothis subflexa females × H. virescens males and backcross males from a Helicoverpa assulta × H. zea cross, revealed the presence of virus-like particles (VLPs) in eupyrene spermatocyst cells. A moderate to high correlation (53-98%) between deformed eupyrene sperm and the presence of VLPs existed in some of the groups, while in others, the correlation was much lower (11-44%). A consistent feature among the three groups of F 1 testes and the first backcross generation (BC 1 ) involving the H. viresceus × H. subflexa cross was the multiple-tailed nature of eupyrene sperm. In later generations of backcrossing (BC 126-130 and BC 168-170 ), deformation of the sperm mitochondrial derivative was the predominant form of sperm abnormality. Virus-like particles were found in the nuclei of apyrene spermatocyst cells as well as in several other cell types within the testis. Comparison of Heliothis VLPs with those from a wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster showed much similarity. The widespread occurrence of VLPs in testes from various geographical locations, their presence in laboratory strains as well in native moths, their association with chromatin within the nucleus, and their similarity with Drosophila VLPs suggest that the particles are transposable elements similar to the copia -like family of retrotransposons of Drosophila and other organisms.
Separation and quantitative assay of furazolidone and nifuroxime in suppositories by magnesium silicate adsorption column chromatography.

A rapid and quantitative column chromatographic separation method, in which a patented activated magnesium silicate is used as the adsorbent, is presented for the analysis of a suppository containing furazolidone and nifuroxime. Nifuroxime is eluted from the column with chloroform, and furazolidone is eluted with 5% glacial acetic acid in dimethylformamide. The separated nitrofurans are then compared spectrophotometrically to respective standards.
Stressful events related to pregnancy and postpartum

This study represents a preliminary attempt to identify the psychosocial stressors of childbearing. A convenience sample of 221 women were used to identify these stressors. They represented three groups: first trimester women (n = 81), third trimester women (n = 80), and postpartum women (n = 60). Stressors were rated according to their frequency and intensity. The results focused both on the most intense stressors for each group as well as the changes in stressor intensity across the groups. The most intense stressors common to all groups were concerns regarding baby's welfare, labor and delivery, and issues related to their mate/spouse. One unexpected pattern was the continued stress due to thoughts of labor and delivery among postpartum women. The authors suggest a possible explanation for this phenomenon.
A novel method of esophageal lengthening in a large animal model of long gap esophageal atresia

Abstract Purpose Long gap esophageal atresia remains a significant treatment challenge. We aimed to create the first large animal model of long gap esophageal atresia to test a degradable esophageal lengthening device. Methods The distal esophagus was divided 2 cm above the gastroesophageal junction in 6 minipigs. A polycaprolactone (PCL) spring device was secured inside the distal esophageal segment, and the end was oversewn. Nonexpanding PCL tubes served as controls. An esophagogastric anastomosis was created to restore continuity. After 4 weeks, the distal esophageal pouch was analyzed. Results The distal esophageal pouch of experimental animals increased in length from 1.9 to 4.5 cm. Control animals demonstrated no change. When comparing lengthened to native esophagus, there was no difference in the thickness of muscularis mucosa or muscularis propria. Mechanically lengthened esophagus showed mild to moderate superficial inflammation and fibrosis. There were no differences in the number of myenteric or submucosal ganglia. Conclusion We created the first porcine model of long gap esophageal atresia and lengthened the distal esophagus with an internally placed device. This model may be used to explore novel therapies in the management of long gap esophageal atresia.
Skills Diagnosis Using IRT‐Based Continuous Latent Trait Models

This article summarizes the continuous latent trait IRT approach to skills diagnosis as particularized by a representative variety of continuous latent trait models us ing item response functions (IRFs). First, several basic IRT-based continuous latent trait approaches are presented in some detail. Then a brief summary of estimation, model checking, and assessment scoring aspects are discussed. Finally, the Uni versity of California at Berkeley multidimensional Rasch-model-grounded SEPUP middle school science-focused embedded assessment project is briefly described as one significant illustrative application.
Three-dimensional grain growth modeling with a Monte Carlo algorithm

Abstract Power-law kinetics was obtained previously from grain growth simulations in isotropic, single-phase materials using three-dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo (MC) Potts models but the theoretically expected grain growth exponent was obtained only in the late simulation stages. This paper addresses the grain growth simulated by a modified 3D MC algorithm using 200×200×200 cubic lattices. The grain growth kinetics is analyzed both for the 3D domain and for two-dimensional (2D) cross-sections thereof. The 3D grain growth exponent obtained is found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions for the entire time domain. While the parabolic grain growth kinetics is also obtained for the cross-sections, the grain growth rates calculated for these cross-sections are smaller than that obtained for the 3D domain. A time-invariant grain size distribution is obtained both for the 3D domain and the cross-sections. The grain shape distribution obtained for the cross-sections is time-invariant but the distribution of grain facet numbers changes with time and appears to evolve toward a steady state in the later simulation stages.
IUD-related knowledge, attitudes and practices among Navajo Area Indian Health Service providers.

CONTEXT: The IUD once accounted for about half of contraceptive use among Navajo women but is now little used in this population which has a high rate of unintended pregnancy. Identifying barriers to use—including those stemming from providers’ IUD-related knowledge attitudes and practices—could help expand use of the method. METHODS: In 2000 107 Navajo Area Indian Health Service providers who offer contraceptive services completed a mailed survey. Responses of women’s health providers and other types of providers were compared using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS: Overall 69–78% of providers had good factual knowledge about the IUD and felt adequately prepared to insert a device or counsel women about it; considerably larger proportions of women’s health providers than of others felt able to counsel about and insert IUDs. Sixty-five percent of providers (88% of women’s health providers and 50% of others) currently inserted IUDs and only 8% (none of them women’s health providers) never recommended the method. The main reasons providers cited for not recommending the IUD were concerns about its safety and about side effects (mentioned by 69% and 44% respectively); these concerns did not differ by provider type. CONCLUSIONS: Provider education and training should focus on insertion techniques and on the safety of available IUDs. Training should be targeted not only to women’s health providers but to family practice physicians nurse practitioners and other providers who offer family planning counseling and services. (authors)
Ethanol ingestion as an operant response

Data are reported for laboratory rats required to ingest a 7% EtOH solution to avoid shock, attain food, or for no primary reinforcement. When alcohol ingestion was coupled with shock avoidance or no reinforcer, no increase in ad lib alcohol consumption resulted. The use of ethanol ingestion as a food producing operant, however, yielded a significant but temporary increase in voluntary EtOH consumption subsequent to the conditioning procedure. The use of a positive reinforcing agent as an inducement toward voluntary EtOH consumption in the rat is suggested as possibly being superior to the more traditional stress avoidance techniques.
Fault creep along the southern San Andreas from interferometric synthetic aperture radar, permanent scatterers, and stacking

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) provides a practical means of mapping creep along major strike-slip faults. The small amplitude of the creep signal (less than 10 mm/yr), combined with its short wavelength, makes it difficult to extract from long time span interferograms, especially in agricultural or heavily vegetated areas. We utilize two approaches to extract the fault creep signal from 37 ERS SAR images along the southem San Andreas Fault. First, amplitude stacking is utilized to identify permanent scatterers, which are then used to weight the interferogram prior to spatial filtering. This weighting improves correlation and also provides a mask for poorly correlated areas. Second, the unwrapped phase is stacked to reduce tropospheric and other short-wavelength noise. This combined processing enables us to recover the near-field (approximately 200 m) slip signal across the fault due to shallow creep. Displacement maps fiom 60 interferograms reveal a diffuse secular strain buildup, punctuated by localized interseismic creep of 4-6 mm/yr line of sight (LOS, 12-18 mm/yr horizontal). With the exception of Durmid Hill, this entire segment of the southern San Andreas experienced right-lateral triggered slip of up to 10 cm during the 3.5-year period spanning the 1992 Landers earthquake. The deformation change following the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake was much smaller (4 cm) and broader than for the Landers event. Profiles across the fault during the interseismic phase show peak-to-trough amplitude ranging from 15 to 25 mm/yr (horizontal component) and the minimum misfit models show a range of creeping/locking depth values that fit the data.
Microwave scattering properties of sand particles: Application to the simulation of microwave radiances over sandstorms

Abstract The single-scattering properties of sand/dust particles assumed to be ellipsoids are computed from the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method at microwave frequencies 6.9–89.0 GHz in comparison with the corresponding Lorenz–Mie solutions. It is found that the single-scattering properties of sand particles are strongly sensitive to the shapes of the particles. The bulk scattering properties of sandstorms composed of spherical or nonspherical particles are investigated by averaging the single-scattering properties of these particles over log-normal particle size distributions. Furthermore, a vector radiative transfer model is used to simulate microwave radiances. The microwave brightness temperatures in the vertical polarization model are essentially not sensitive to sand particle habit, whereas microwave brightness temperature polarization differences are influenced by particle habit. It is shown that microwave brightness temperatures and brightness temperature polarization differences may be useful for estimating the effective particle sizes and mass loading of sandstorms.
Applying Waveform Correlation to Three Aftershock Sequences

Abstract For nuclear explosion seismic monitoring, major aftershock sequences can be a significant problem because each event must be analyzed. Fortunately, the high degree of waveform similarity expected within aftershock sequences offers a way to more quickly and robustly process these events than is possible using traditional methods (e.g., short‐term average/long‐term average detection). We explore how waveform correlation can be incorporated into an automated event detection system to improve both the timeliness and the quality of the resultant bulletin. With our Waveform Correlation Detector we processed three aftershock sequences: the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Our system compared incoming waveform data to a library of known master events and identified incoming waveform data that correlated well with a master event as a repeating event. We break down our results to show how many master events found matches, the distribution in family size, and the effect of distance and fault characteristics on the results. Between 24% and 92% of the events in each sequence were recognized as similar events.
Movie Review: Antwone Fisher

STUDENT PERSPECTIVE Antwone's story has several motifs that can be seen in the lives of many of our patients who are dealing with the likes of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Without the tools to adequately work through his pain, Antwone turned to rage as his outlet during stressful situations. Rage may be replaced with other symptoms like substance abuse, inappropriate risk taking, or poor relationships in our patients' personal stories, but the solution we can offer is similar to the one Davenport provides.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in children from Verón, a rural city of the Dominican Republic

Gastrointestinal infections impose a great and often silent burden of morbidity and mortality on poor populations in developing countries. The Dominican Republic (DR) is a nation on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea. Veron is located in La Alta Gracia province in the southeastern corner of the DR. Dominican and Haitian migrant workers come to Veron to work in Punta Cana, a tourist resort area. Few definitive or comprehensive studies of the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections have been published in the DR. Historically, most of the definitive studies of water-borne or soil-transmitted parasites in the DR were published more than 30 years ago. Presently, there is a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections throughout the poorest areas of the DR and Haiti. In this study we report the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan and helminth parasites from children recruited from the Clinica Rural de Veron during 2008 through 2011. Each participant was asked to provide a fecal sample which was promptly examined microscopically for protozoan and helminth parasites using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) fecal flotation technique to concentrate and isolate helminth ova and protozoan cysts. Of the 128 fecal samples examined, 127 were positive for one or more parasites. The age of the infected children ranged from 2-15 years; 61 were males and 66 were females. The only uninfected child was a 9 year old female. Percent infection rates were 43.8% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 8.5% for Enterobius vermicularis, 21.1% for Entamoeba histolytica, and 22.7% for Giardia duodenalis. Of the children examined, 7.8% had double infections. Any plan of action to reduce gastrointestinal parasites in children will require a determined effort between international, national, and local health authorities combined with improved education of schools, child care providers, food handlers, and agricultural workers. A special effort must be made to reach out to both documented and undocumented immigrants working or living in the area and to pre-school aged children or those who are not part of the public education system. Lastly, it is important to address the microbial water quality and food preparation, especially during the weaning transition to solid foods and throughout childhood.
Phonon trapping in thin metal films

Description d'une experience simple de chauffage des electrons dans laquelle l'echappement des phonons a partir des couches metalliques est change in situ. Ceci prouve clairement que le rapport d'echappempent des phonons peut affecter significativement le chauffage des electrons
Nitrite as a mediator of ischemic preconditioning and cytoprotection

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a central component in the pathogenesis of several diseases and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Subcellularly, mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by depletion of ATP, calcium-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and exacerbated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, plays an integral role in the progression of IR injury. Nitric oxide (NO) and more recently nitrite (NO2-) are known to modulate mitochondrial function, mediate cytoprotection after IR and have been implicated in the signaling of the highly protective ischemic preconditioning (IPC) program. Here, we review what is known about the role of NO and nitrite in cytoprotection after IR and consider the putative role of nitrite in IPC. Focus is placed on the potential cytoprotective mechanisms involving NO and nitrite-dependent modulation of mitochondrial function.
Aluminum accumulation and associated effects on 15NO3 − influx in roots of two soybean genotypes differing in Al tolerance

A study was conducted to examine aluminum (Al) exclusion by roots of two differentially tolerant soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) lines, Pl-416937 (Al-tolerant) and Essex (Al-sensitive). Following exposure to 80μM Al for up to 2 h, roots were rinsed with a 10 mM potassium citrate solution and rapidly dissected to allow estimation of intracellular Al accumulation in morphologically distinct root regions. Using 10 min exposures to 300μM 15NO3 − and dissection, accompanying effects on NO3 − uptake were measured. With Al exposures of 20 min or 2 h, there was greater Al accumulation in all root regions of Essex than in those of Pl-416937. The genotypic difference in Al accumulation was particularly apparent at the root apex, both in the tip and in the adjacent root cap and mucilage. Exposure of roots to Al inhibited the uptake of 15NO3 − to a similar extent in all root regions. The results are consistent with Al exclusion from cells in the root apical region being an important mechanism of Al tolerance.
Low temperature strengthening in niobium-hydrogen single crystals

The mechanical behavior of high purity niobium and niobium-hydrogen single crystals at temperatures in the range 77° to 380°K was investigated. Thermally activated hardening by hydrogen in solution is appreciable at temperatures ≲150°K. However, hydride precipitation occurs at these temperatures, can be strain-induced during mechanical testing, and accounts for the largest part of the decrease in ductility in alloys with up to 720 at. ppm of hydrogen. The influence of hydrogen additions and the effects of purification on the low temperature flow stress of niobium demonstrate the large influence of interstitial solutes on the strength of bcc materials at low temperatures.
Quantification of subjective scaling of friction using a fingertip biomechanical model

Subjective scaling of friction is important in many applications in haptic technology. A nonhomogeneous biomechanical finite element model of fingertip is proposed in order to predict neural response of sensitive mechanoreceptors to frictional stimuli Slowly Adapting SAII receptors under the glabrous skin. In a guided psychophysical experiment, ten human subjects were asked to scale several standard surfaces based on the perception of their frictional properties. Contact forces deployed during the exploratory time of one of the participants were captured in order to estimate required parameters for the model of contact in the simulation procedure. Consequently, the strain energy density at the location of a selective mechanoreceptor in the finite element model as a measure of discharge rate of the neural unit was compared to the subject's perceptual evaluation of the relevant stimuli. It was observed that the subject's scores correlate with the discharge rate of the given receptor.
The Evolving Police Response to Domestic Violence

Recent decades have seen massive changes in how police respond to domestic violence. The traditional police response could best be characterized by a desire to avoid intervention in family disputes...
BACKWARD $pi$N CHARGE-EXCHANGE SCATTERING AND POLE EXTRAPOLATIONS OF BARYON REGGE-EXCHANGE AMPLITUDES.

High-energy ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$ backward elastic-scattering data are analyzed in terms of ${N}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}$ Regge exchanges. Using the signs of the Regge residues found from extrapolations to the particle poles (which agree with the signs obtained from interference with direct-channel resonances), we predict the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}n$ cross section near 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.
Differential effects of pentylenetetrazol on REM sleep in naive and cobalt-epileptic rats.

Chronic experimental epilepsy was produced in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by the implantation of cobalt wire into the right parietal cortex. Rats treated similarly with glass rods were used as controls. All animals were simultaneously prepared with permanent cortical and temporalis muscle electrodes for EEG and EMG recording. Administration of pentylenetetrazol i.p. at a dose of 15 mg/kg every 15 min until the appearance of generalized convulsions resulted in the lowering of the chemical seizure threshold expected for the cobalt-treated rats, with only 2 injections of the drug required in contrast to the 3 to 4 injections needed for the control rats. Analysis of the EEG recordings collected over the 24 h period after the first injection revealed the presence of a more pronounced suppression of REM sleep in the cobalt-epileptic rats. This effect was found to be due to a reduction in the total number of REM sleep episodes, while the duration of the individual episodes remained unchanged. The latencies to REM onset in these rats, moreover, were markedly reduced. These results in a chronic seizure model further support the usefulness of cobalt experimental epilepsy in the rat for the study of human seizure disorders in comparison with acute seizure models.
Invariant circles and rotation bands in monotone twist maps

In this paper we show that the existence of certain orbits or minimal sets in an area-preserving monotone twist map is necessary and sufficient for the non-existence of invariant circles with specified rotation numbers. The necessity of these conditions follows from classic results of Birkhoff and recent results of Mather. The sufficiency of these conditions depends on the notion of a rotation band which associates a set of rotation numbers with a given orbit or invariant set. We also make some remarks on Mather's paper [M4]. In particular, we use his main theorem to give a lower bound on the width of the interval of rotation numbers associated with the zone of instability that “contains” the irrational ω whenf has no invariant circle with rotation number ω.
Long-term trial of cyproheptadine as an appetite stimulant in cystic fibrosis†

Appetite stimulants have been used to help overcome decreased appetite and malnutrition in children and adults with various chronic illnesses, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Stimulants have included megestrol acetate (MA), cyproheptadine hydrochloride (CH), cannabinoids, hydrazine sulfate, anabolic hormones, and growth hormone. Many of these, including MA, have substantial side effects and may not be suitable for prolonged use. We previously studied the effects of CH on weight gain in a short-term (12 week) trial in CF with good results compared to placebo. Side effects were few, and weight gain was significant. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of CH over a longer term in order to assess its suitability for prolonged use. Sixteen CF children and adults enrolled in the original short-term study subsequently entered this study, and 12 completed the 9-month trial. All patients receiving placebo in the original short-term study received CH 4 mg up to four times a day in the long-term study continuation, and those receiving CH in the short-term study continued on the drug. No pill counts were done, and patients were queried at quarterly visits as to their CH use. Anthropometrics and spirometry were also done quarterly, and antibiotic use was quantified. Subjects who had changed from placebo (CH2 group) gained weight significantly over 3-6 months, and those continuing on CH (CH1 group) generally maintained previously gained weight over the duration of the study. Select spirometric measures improved in both groups but not significantly, and side effects were mild. CH appears to be an effective appetite stimulant in CF, and generally maintains its effect over time with an acceptable side-effect profile.
Food Voice Annotated Bibliography

Below is a list of select articles and books from a variety of academic disciplines that clearly exemplify the idea of the food voice and its ability to communicate concepts of gender, community, and class, among other things, for individuals, groups, and society. There are many other scholarly works that could have easily been included, but for reasons of space, I list only those works that are commonly mentioned and cited by scholars in food. Other omissions include novels and movies, which are particularly appropriate media for conveying the food voice. Novels incorporating food voice which quickly come to mind are John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath, Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist. Sara Sulari's Meatless Days, and Anita Desai's Fasting, Feasting; and for movies, Tampopo, Babette's Feast, and Eat Drink Man Woman. My reason for not including these genres is that I want to concentrate solely on academic works which are sometimes challenging to locate given food studies breadth of disciplines and which are v...
The kinetics and mechanism of solid-state spinel formation — A review and critique

Oxide spinel formation kinetics and reaction mechanisms with emphasis on Ni and Co chromites, discussing cation diffusion
THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS OF MICE. 4. SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN CHANGES FOLLOWING BIRTH.

SummaryThe changes in 7S γ2-, 7S γ1-, γ1A- and γ1M-immunoglobulin components following birth were studied in 3 mouse strains. Evidence for transfer of immunoglobulins via the placenta or yolk sac and via the colostrum and neonatal gastrointestinal tract were evaluated. Low levels of 7S γ2- and 7S γ1-globulins were found in the newborn indicating transplacental or yolk sac transfer of these proteins. Marked increase (to adult levels) of these 2 immunoglobulins occurred at 1 and 2 weeks of age. Both 7S γ2- and 7S γ1-globulins were present in the colostrum and appeared to be supplied via the gastrointestinal tract until 2 weeks of age. Subsequently, serum 7S γ2- and 7S γ1-globulin levels fell until age 4 weeks, when neonatal synthesis began to produce an increased serum level of these proteins. The γ1M (IgM)-globulins were detected in the serum at 1–3 weeks of age. The γ1A (IgA, β2A)-globulins were not detected in the serum until 4–6 weeks of age. Although γ1A-globulins are present in the colostrum, little o...
Measurement of the crystallization humidities of ambient aerosol particles

Abstract Atmospheric aerosols were sampled in Riverside, California, Grand Canyon, Arizona, and Mojave Desert, California, with controlled temperature-r.h. nephelometry. Ninety-one per cent of the detectable crystallization humidities for atmospheric aerosols were between 10 and 45% for all three sites. Minimum and maximum crystallization humidity data could be explained by the potential existence of external aerosol particle mixtures. These results were consistent at all three sampling sites despite the differences in aerosol particle population density and dominant air masses.
Real-Time Pseudodielectric Function of Low-Temperature-Grown GaAs

We present the real-time pseudodielectric function of low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) thin films during the growth as a function of growth temperature Tg and thickness. We obtained accurate measurements of the real-time by using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in conjunction with active feedback control of the substrate temperature using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. We show that for epitaxial LT-GaAs layers, the peak in the imaginary pseudodielectric function decreases in amplitude and sharpness systematically with decreasing Tg. We also revealed an abrupt change in near the critical epitaxial thickness hepi, the value of which decreases with decreasing Tg. Above hepi, the LT-GaAs grows polycrystalline (amorphous) above (below) Tg ∼ 190°C. We also simultaneously monitored the surface roughness and crystallinity by using real-time reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). These results represent progress in obtaining real-time control over the composition and morphology of LT-GaAs
Formation and stability of the enolates of N-protonated proline methyl ester and proline zwitterion in aqueous solution: a nonenzymatic model for the first step in the racemization of proline catalyzed by proline racemase.

Rate constants for the hydrolysis of l-proline methyl ester to form proline and methanol in D2O buffered at neutral pD and 25 °C and the deuterium enrichment of the proline product determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry are reported. The data give kDO = 5.3 ± 0.5 M-1 s-1 as the second-order rate constant for carbon deprotonation of N-protonated proline methyl ester by deuterioxide ion in D2O at 25 °C and I = 1.0 (KCl). The data provide good estimates of carbon acidities of pKa = 21 for N-protonated proline methyl ester and pKa = 29 for proline zwitterion in water and of the second-order rate constant kHO = 4.5 × 10-5 M-1 s-1 for carbon deprotonation of proline zwitterion by hydroxide ion at 25 °C. There is no detectable acceleration of the deprotonation of N-protonated proline methyl ester by the Bronsted base 3-quinuclidinone in water, and it is not clear that such Bronsted catalysis would make a significant contribution to the rate acceleration for deprotonation of bound proline at prol...
Reexamining Climate Change Debates: Scientific Disagreement or Scientific Certainty Argumentation Methods (SCAMs)?

Despite strong scientific consensus that global climate disruption is real and due in significant part to human activities, stories in the U.S. mass media often still present the opposite view, cha...
Goal-driven Automation of a Deep Space Communications Station: A Case Study in Knowledge Engineering for Plan Generation and Execution

This paper describes the application of Artificial Intelligence techniques for plan generation, plan execution, and plan monitoring to automate a Deep Space Communication Station. This automation allows a Communication station to respond to a set of tracking goals by appropriately reconfiguring the communications hardware and software to provide the requested communications services.
The Nitric Oxide Congener Nitrite Inhibits Myeloperoxidase/H2O2/ Cl−-mediated Modification of Low Density Lipoprotein

Abstract Nitric oxide, a pivotal molecule in vascular homeostasis, is converted under aerobic conditions to nitrite. Recent studies have shown that myeloperoxidase (MPO), an abundant heme protein released by activated leukocytes, can oxidize nitrite (NO2 −) to a radical species, most likely nitrogen dioxide. Furthermore, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the major strong oxidant generated by MPO in the presence of physiological concentrations of chloride ions, can also react with nitrite, forming the reactive intermediate nitryl chloride. Since MPO and MPO-derived HOCl, as well as reactive nitrogen species, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein ( LDL ), we investigated the effects of physiological concentrations of nitrite (12.5–200 μm) on MPO-mediated modification of LDL in the absence and presence of physiological chloride concentrations. Interestingly, nitrite concentrations as low as 12.5 and 25 μmsignificantly decreased MPO/H2O2/Cl−-induced modification of apoB lysine residues, formation of N-chloramines, and increases in the relative electrophoretic mobility of LDL. In contrast, none of these markers of LDL atherogenic modification were affected by the MPO/H2O2/NO2 −system. Furthermore, experiments using ascorbate (12.5–200 μm) and the tyrosine analogue 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (12.5–200 μm), which are both substrates of MPO, indicated that nitrite inhibits MPO-mediated LDL modifications by trapping the enzyme in its inactive compound II form. These data offer a novel mechanism for a potential antiatherogenic effect of the nitric oxide congener nitrite.
Mood state effects on thought listing

Using a thought-listing procedure, we investigated the kinds of thoughts experienced by individuals who have undergone experimental mood induction. The results of Experiment 1, in which neutral- and depressed-mood-induction groups were compared, showed that individuals who had received a depressed-mood induction rated significantly more of their thoughts as unfavorable. In Experiment 2, subjects were required to engage in a cognitive task before the thought-listing procedure; the experiment included an elated-mood-induction group, as well as neutral and depressed groups. Although effects were in the expected direction, no reliable differences were found among the three groups in the proportion of unfavorable thoughts listed.
Brittleness and Impact Resistance

Impact resistance and brittleness have often been confused as identical properties for ceramic materials. This study determines the conditions under which the static characteristic of brittleness diverges from the dynamic characteristic of impact resistivity. It is shown that the parameter most responsible for the difference between static and dynamic material behavior is the ratio of shock duration to relaxation time, but that material size and geometry can also be decisive. An amplification factor is derived which indicates to what extent ductile materials may be overstressed--beyond the static limit of brittle materials-- before fracture occurs.
Organizational Justice in an Exchange Framework: Clarifying Organizational Justice Distinctions

The authors used exchange theory to clarify distinctions between organizational justice types and considered the implications of recent conceptual developments regarding justice associated with interpersonal treatment (interactional justice) and the inclusion of justice associated with outcomes (distributive justice) for an exchange model of justice. Using two samples (401 part-time and 272 full-time employees), they found unique relationships of interactional justice and justice concerning informational adequacy with supervisor relationship quality, justice concerning procedures with organizational support, and distributive justice with pay satisfaction. Also, an updated measure of interactional justice appears to capture more of the interpersonal fairness domain than the current measure.
Margins of safety for forces on the human dentition

Abstract Margins of safety for forces on the human dentition were derived on the basis of a maximum chewing force of 26 pounds. Margins of safety for adult women showed available chewing forces to be about 1 to 2 1/2 times greater than the maximum required chewing force. Adult men had values that were approximately 1 1/2 to 3 times greater than the maximum required chewing force. All adult teeth exhibited adequate reserves for chewing softer foods that require about 13 pounds of masticating force. The clinical importance of the margins of safety lies in their value for easy comparison of relative chewing merits of teeth and their potential to serve as abutments for prosthodontics. Anterior healthy teeth and periodontally involved teeth are shown as having poor chewing margins and poor abutment potential. The results support the use of posterior healthy teeth as abutments. The simple structural analysis of a fixed partial denture as a masticating unit revealed that its force capability complies with the biologically controlled chewing limits of the hosts abutment teeth. Accordingly, bridge (fixed partial dentures) forces are fixed by the abutment having lower load tolerances.