cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Permanent 125iodine implants for recurrent malignant gliomas

Abstract Purpose: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of permanent 125 iodine implants for recurrent malignant gliomas. Methods and Materials: Between January 1989 and January:, 59 patients with histologically confirmed recurrent malignant gliomas (22 nonglioblastoma malignant gliomas, 37 glioblastoma multiforme at the time of implant) received a permanent 125 iodine implant. Patients ranged in age from 13–74 years. The median ages for the overall group, nonglioblastoma (nonGBM), and glioblastoma (GBM) groups was 47 years, 39 years, and 53 years, respectively. Results: With a median follow-up of 40 months, the median survival for the 59 total patients is 1.34 years; nonGBM 2.04 years, GBM 0.9 years. Factors predictive for poor prognosis were GBM histology, age 60 years or more, target volume 17 cc or more, and/or tumor location within the corpus callosum or thalamus. Reoperations have been performed in 24 (40%) patients; 15 (25%) for tumor progression; 3 (5%) for radiation necrosis; 2 (3%) for skull necrosis/infection, and 4 (7%) for other reasons (Ommaya reservoir insertion, catheter removal, hematoma evacuation). Conclusion: Permanent 125 iodine implants in selected patients with recurrent malignant gliomas are associated with reasonable long-term survival and a low risk of complications. Given the low incidence of radiation necrosis, future plans are to increase dose rate and/or total dose delivered with the permanent implant.
Model catalysts: from imagining to imaging a working surface

Considerable progress has been made over the past two decades in spanning the well-known pressure and material gaps of heterogeneous catalysis. In particular, during the past decade several groups around the world have synthesized model catalysts consisting of metal clusters supported on planar oxide surfaces. These model catalysts are suitable for kinetic and spectroscopic investigations yet are amenable to study with scanning probe techniques at working temperatures and under realistic pressure conditions. This long-sought goal of observing a heterogeneous catalyst in an operating environment offers extraordinary new opportunities and poses significant new challenges for catalytic scientists of the 21st century. This article highlights some of these opportunities and challenges.
Stromal-Epithelial Cell Interactions in Breast Cancer

The vast majority of breast cancers originate from breast ductal epithelial cells and are either infiltrating ductal or intraductal breast cancers (1). These cells exist in a local microenvironment in which both stromal cell products and blood-borne factors may influence both transformation and tumor growth. Breast ductal epithelial cells and stromal cells have a number of things in common. Both cell types produce protein growth factors and active steroids. At the same time both cell types respond to stimulation by peptides and steroids. This chapter will explore the hypothesis that these two cell types interact in both paracrine and endocrine fashion to affect breast epithelial growth, tumor development, and breast tumor metastasis.
Antimicrobial effects of lactates: a review

Sodium lactate is used as humectant and flavor enhancer in meat and poultry products, and there is growing evidence of antimicrobial properties of the salt. Potassium and calcium lactate are equally effective in controlling growth of aerobes and anaerobes in meats, and antibotulinal and antilisterial activities of the lactate anion have been established. The specific action of lactate on the microbial cell is not well understood. No intracellular pH lowering effect could be demonstrated, and the reported small decreases in water activity appear insufficient to explain the effect. Other explanations have been proposed but not yet confirmed. Although lactates appear to be bacteriostatic, their ability to control spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in fresh and processed meat favors their use, particularly in refrigerated meat products in combination with other microbial inhibitors.
Mechanisms and Kinetics for the Thermal Decomposition of 2-Azido-N,N-Dimethylethanamine (DMAZ)

To gain insight into the mechanisms and kinetics of 2-azido-N,N-dimethylethanamine’s (DMAZ’s) thermal decomposition postulated reaction paths were simulated with ab initio and density functional theory quantum chemistry models. Four reaction types were modeled: (i) spin-allowed and spin-forbidden paths involving N–N2 bond fission and nitrene formation, (ii) HN3 elimination with the formation of (dimethylamino)ethylene, (iii) N–N2 bond fission with the formation of molecules with three- or four-membered heterocyclic rings, and (iv) simple scission of C–H, C–N, and C–C bonds. The geometries of stationary points of the reactions were obtained with a MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) model. To locate and model the geometries of minimum energy intersystem crossing points for triplet nitrene formation and isomerization, unrestricted broken spin symmetry calculations were performed. Employed to model an analogous path for methyl azide’s decomposition, this approach was found to yield results similar to those obtained with a CA...
Using the Diffusion Model to Explain Cognitive Deficits in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Slow, variable, and error-prone performance on speeded reaction time (RT) tasks has been well documented in childhood ADHD, but equally well documented is the context-dependent nature of those deficits, particularly with respect to event rate. As event rates increase (or, as the interstimulus intervals become shorter), RTs decrease, a pattern of performance that has long been interpreted as evidence that cognitive deficits in ADHD are a downstream consequence of a fundamental difficulty in the regulation of arousal to meet task demands. We test the extent to which this is a misinterpretation of the data that occurs when RT and accuracy are considered separately, as is common in neurocognitive research. In two samples of children aged 8–10 with (N = 97; 33 girls) and without (N = 39; 26 girls) ADHD, we used the diffusion model, an influential computational model of RT, to examine the effect of event rate on inhibitory control in a go-no-go task. Contrary to longstanding belief, we found that fast event rates slowed the rate at which children with ADHD accumulated evidence to make a decision to “no-go”, as indexed by drift rate. This in turn resulted in a higher proportion of failed inhibits, and occurred despite increased task engagement, as reflected by changes in the starting point of the decision process. Thus, although faster event rates increased task engagement among children with ADHD, the increased engagement was unable to counteract the concurrent slowing of processing speed to “no-go” decisions. Implications for theoretical models of ADHD and treatments are discussed.
Energy-Constrained Distributed Learning and Classification by Exploiting Relative Relevance of Sensors’ Data

We consider the problem of communicating data from energy-constrained distributed sensors. To reduce energy requirements, we go beyond the source reconstruction problem classically addressed, and focus on the problem where the recipient wants to perform supervised learning and classification on the data received from the sensors. Restricting our attention to a noiseless communication setting under simplistic Gaussian source assumptions, we study supervised learning and classification under total energy limitations. The energy constraints are modeled in two ways: 1) a linear scaling and 2) an exponential scaling of energy with number of bits used for compression at sensors. We first assume that the underlying parameters for Gaussian distributions have already been learned, and obtain (with linear scaling, reverse-waterfilling-type) strategies for allocating energy, and thus, bits, across different sensors under these two models. Intuitively, these strategies allocate larger rates and energies to sensors that are more “relevant” for the classification goal. These strategies are used to obtain an achievable bound on the tradeoff between energy and error-probability (classification risk). We then provide an algorithm for learning the distribution-parameters of the sensor-data under energy constraints to arrive at high-reliability energy-allocation strategies, while enabling the energy-allocation algorithm to backtrack when the underlying distributions change, or when there is noise in sensed data that can push the algorithm toward a local minimum. Finally, we provide numerical results on energy-savings for classification of simulated data as well as neural data acquired from electrocorticography (ECoG) experiments.
A Shot in the Arm for ART

Antiretroviral therapy for HIV (ART) has changed the course of this deadly disease from a death sentence to a chronic illness. Daily ART has increased life expectancy among HIV-positive individuals to almost that of their HIV-negative counterparts. The enormous benefits of ART cannot be underestimated, but the complicated cocktail of daily pills and the side effects make the possibility of HIV control through other modalities an important goal. Now, Azzoni and colleagues investigate whether boosting the host immune system using interferon-α (IFN-α) can control HIV replication. The authors recruited 23 HIV patients for whom ART was successfully suppressing viral replication. All the participants received a polyethylene glycol –modified version of IFN-α in addition to ART for 5 weeks. Next, ART was stopped for 12 to 24 weeks, but IFN-α treatment was continued. The investigators found that in 45% of patients, HIV replication continued to be suppressed after 12 weeks of IFN-α treatment, and that in 30% of patients, HIV replication was still suppressed 24 weeks after cessation of ART. In addition, among participants who were able to suppress viral replication (7 out of 13), concentrations of latent virus DNA decreased. Indeed, even in those who did not show virus suppression after cessation of ART (6 out of 13), concentrations of latent virus DNA did not increase but remained stable. The study by Azzoni and colleagues demonstrates that boosting the host immune system with IFN-α could suppress HIV replication even after ART is stopped. Also, unexpectedly, the researchers report that IFN-α could decrease the amount of latent virus replication, which is an important goal for a functional cure in which elimination of latent virus is essential. Although the results of Azzoni et al. are intriguing, they need to be confirmed in larger studies. We also need to understand why some HIV patients responded to IFN-α treatment, whereas others did not. L. Azzoni et al ., Pegylated interferon-α2A mono-therapy results in suppression of HIV-1 replication and decreased cell-associated HIV DNA integration. J. Infect. Dis. , published online 26 October 2012 (10.1093/infdis/jis663). [[PubMed]][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23105144
A WLAN-applied Managed Fast Handover Technology Realized in AP

The handover speed is always vital for the further development of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) which is enjoying fast growth. The Manageable Fast Handover(MFHO) mechanism was thus brought about based on a study of the IEEE standard 802.11 for WAN handover,in order to speed up the Access Point (AP) handover,meet different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and ensure service continuity. Adopting the "make-before-break" switching operation,this technology enables the wireless APs to control and manage the handover traffic between two cells based on enhanced Inter Access Point Protocol (IAPP). Tests have been carried out to compare functions and performance of both the MFHO technology and handover using IAPP,with the former proved to have higher successful handover rates and better performance.
Teaching and assessing new method verification skills using interactive simulations.

1. Leonard Gary Nielsen, MS MT(ASCP)[⇑][1] 1. is Professor of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Weber State University 1. Address for correspondence: Leonard Gary Nielsen, 3905 University Circle, Ogden UT 84408-3905. (801) 626-6718, (801) 626-7508 (fax). lnielsen2{at}weber.edu Since the introduction of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 every laboratory has faced new regulatory compliance challenges including Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments/Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CLIA/CMS) pre-use verifications of the manufacturer's performance claims of each new instrument and method used in the laboratory. Skills in planning and conducting such verification studies are among those which should be taught to students preparing for careers as clinical laboratory scientists. I present a method to teach and assess student skills in planning and conducting a new method verification that is being successfully utilized in my CLS-3314 Advanced Clinical Chemistry course of Weber State University's (WSU) CLS program, both on-campus and online. The method, which does not impact actual patient care or the laboratory work-flow or significantly affect program budget, uses an interactive simulation approach in which each and every student has the opportunity to design and direct a customized verification study. In a prerequisite course, the students first define the components of method verification prescribed by the current CLIA/CMS regulations.2 They learn the requirements for verifying accuracy, precision, analytical measurement range, sensitivity, and that the reference range used is appropriate for the patient population being served. Next, in the Advanced Clinical Chemistry course these verification skills are assessed and enhanced. The course requires that student assume the role of a technical consultant to a laboratory, plan and design each verification experiment, and create explicit written instructions on how each experiment should be conducted. This simulation follows this concept: “If… ABBREVIATIONS: CLIA = Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments; CLS = clinical laboratory science; CMS = Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; WSU = Weber State University. [1]: #corresp-1
Memory and aging: components and processes.

This article provides a critical review of memory and aging. The focus is on the more accepted ternary scheme of memory, i.e. procedural, semantic and episodic, and on processing resources. A review of the literature in these areas, considering the more relevant studies or those with a greater number of subjects, reveals a gradual decrease of performance with age. No single hypothesis, either psychological or physiological, seems to be capable of explaining this decline. However, the hypothesis of a cognitive slowing during aging has an appealing simplicity and offers the chance to integrate the myriad of task-specific explanations that have proliferated in the literature.
Management of rheumatoid arthritis in the surgical patient.

Summary The basic principles of care of patients having rheumatoid arthritis at the time of operation involve obtaining control over the rheumatoid disease before the operation is performed, maintaining control during the operative and rehabilitation period, and meticulously planning a system of anticipating, identifying, and preventing complications so that optimal benefit may be derived from the surgery. Individualized chemotherapy, a program of physical medicine, and a sustaining relationship with the ill patient are integral parts of a successful treatment program.
SU-F-T-356: DosimetricComparison of VMAT Vs Step and Shoot IMRT Plans for Stage III Lung CancerPatients with Mediastinal Involvement

Purpose: For Stage III lung cancers that entail treatment of some or all of the mediastinum, anterior-posterior focused Step and Shoot IMRT (SS-IMRT) and VMAT plans have been clinically used to deliver the prescribed dose while working to minimize lung dose and avoid other critical structures. A comparison between the two planning methods was completed to see which treatment method is superior and minimizes dose to healthy lung tissue. Methods: Ten patients who were recently treated with SS-IMRT or VMAT plans for Stage III lung cancer with mediastinal involvement were selected. All patients received a simulation CT for treatment planning, as well as a 4D CT and PET/CT fusion for target delineation. Plans were prescribed 6250 cGy in 25 fractions and normalized such that 100% of the prescription dose covered 95% of the PTV. Clinically approved SS-IMRT or VMAT plans were then copied and planned using the alternative modality with identical optimization criteria. SS-IMRT plans utilized seven to nine beams distributed around the patient while the VMAT plans consisted of two full 360 degree arcs. Plans were compared for the lung volume receiving 20 Gy (V20). Results: Both SS-IMRT and VMAT can be used to achieve clinical treatment plans for patients with Stage III Lung cancer with targets encompassing the mediastinum. VMAT plans produced an average V20 of 23.0+/−8.3% and SS-IMRT produced an average of 24.2+/−10.0%. Conclusion: Results indicate that either method can achieve comparable dose distributions, however, VMAT can allow the optimizer to distribute dose over paths of minimal lung tissue and reduce the V20. Therefore, creating a VMAT with constraints identical to an SS-IMRT plan could help to reduce the V20 in clinical treatment plans.
Continuous surface second harmonic generation as a surface probe

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden in the bulk of centrosymmetric media but necessarily allowed at the surface. The process has been used as a versatile tool for surface studies on a wide variety of interfaces. It is rather sensitive, capable of detecting submonolayers of molecules on surfaces with relatively low laser powers.1 Normally, pulsed laser systems are used as the pump source. It can be shown, however, that the maximum surface SH signal generated by a cw laser from most materials, assuming that the incident intensity is limited by thermal damage, may be larger or comparable with that generated by a typical pulsed laser, if the beam area is <10−5 cm2. With focusing, surface SHG can have a spatial resolution limited in principle by the optical wavelength. Thus it is ideally suited for surface optical microscopy.
The future of reference service: A response

Malgre les changements que connaissent les services de reference, les bibliothecaires de reference resteront. Par ailleurs ils ont a se poser les problemes de la variete des outils informatiques, du financement de l'acces a l'information, des materiaux anciens, des connaissances a avoir
Real-time DSP basics using Arduino and the Analog Shield SAR codec board

The Arduino micro-controller development platform has received a lot of attention from hobbyist (makers) as well as university engineering programs. The ability to perform simple, yet effective, real-time DSP, is now easily achieved with Arduino and the Analog Shield. The ADC and DAC of the shield allow aliasing and reconstruction issues to be fully explored. Most other audio DSP platforms employ sigma-delta converters, which integrate the ADC anti-aliasing and DAC reconstruction filters into the silicon, hence there is no way to probe the raw signals. We further advocate portable PC-based instrumentation, such as the Analog™Discovery. Programming the Arduino platform is easier than more sophisticated platforms, hence students can focus on key educational issues involving embedded systems, sampling theory, FIR filtering, upsampling and down sampling, and a taste of undersampling sampling as found in software defined radio. Sample investigations show how effective this platform is at revealing DSP math in action.
An ontology-driven, SVM approach for hyperspectral image classification

ABSTRACT​​Although support vector machine (SVM) has shown powerful capability to support supervised classification for hyperspectral data, such model does not have the capability to define semantically the classification and reasoning rules which can potentially contribute to a more accurate supervised classification. In this article, we present an ontology-driven framework to support SVM-based hyperspectral data classification. First, we proposed a dimension reduction algorithm to allow automatic selection of prominent spectral characteristics for each land cover class included in a hyperspectral image. The result of the prominent spectral characteristics includes ranking and weights, used to signify the importance of a subset of all wavebands in distinguishing a particular land cover class from others. Then, we developed an ontology named HIC-Ontology to formally represent the extracted spectral characteristics to support the final training and classification process. The experimental results show that ...
A central-cutting-plane algorithm for semi-infinite programming problems

We give a cutting-plane algorithm for a class of linear semi-infinite programming problems that is based on the central-cutting-plane algorithm of Elzinga and Moore for convex programs. This algorithm has the property of being able to generate a cut from any violated or tight constraint without affecting convergence or convergence rate of the algorithm. Thus, to insure convergence, one is not required to find the most violated (or nearly most violated) constraint as required by the alternating algorithm.
Especies oportunistas de importancia clínica de los géneros Bipolaris Shoemaker y Curvularia Boedijn: su caracterización bajo los nuevos criterios taxonómicos

Los generos fungicos Bipolaris y Curvularia, incluyen numerosas especies fitopatogenas, saprotrofas y algunas oportunistas emergentes en el ser humano como en otros animales. La distribucion ecologica de ambos taxas es cosmopolita en la gran mayoria de sus integrantes, encontrandose frecuentemente en hojas, tallos y raices de diferentes pastos, en especial Poaceae, pero tambien en una gran variedad de dicotiledoneas, aire y suelo en todos los continentes. Cochliobolus, Bipolaris y Curvularia integran un complejo de especies taxonomicamente confuso, debido a los constantes cambios en la nomenclatura de algunos de sus integrantes asexuales (Bipolaris y Curvularia), los cuales se han diferenciado principalmente en base a la morfologia de sus conidios, situacion a veces muy dificultosa debido a que en ambos generos algunas especies presentan similares caracteristicas conidiales. Una cuidadosa identificacion y una nominacion precisa de las especies es crucial para el acceso a la informacion referente en la literatura moderna, que gracias a la biologia molecular ha resuelto muchas de las dudas de la taxonomia basada solo en el fenotipo. Las especies de ambos generos (principalmente Curvularia) pueden afectar a pacientes inmunocomprometidos e inmunocompetentes, en especial B. cynodontis, C. australiensis C. hawaiensis y C. spicifera, causando cuadros clinicos diversos ya sea superficiales o profundos en muchas areas geograficas. Los objetivos de este trabajo solo pretenden aportar para el micologo medico dedicado al laboratorio, los avances mas significativos en la nomenclatura, taxonomia y biologia molecular de las especies comunes de importancia clinica de ambos generos. Se incluyen ademas como objetivo primario, descripciones, figuras, claves y la literatura actual de utilidad en la identificacion de los agentes causales, sin olvidar la valoracion de sus sensibilidades frente a los antifungicos modernos. Se aconseja ademas, que si el laboratorio es de baja complejidad, debe derivar su aislado a un centro de referencia internacional para confirmar mediante biologia molecular su diagnostico.
Novel TFET circuits for high-performance energy-efficient heterogeneous MOSFET/TFET logic

TFET's steep subthreshold slope and asymmetric I DS -V DS characteristics enable energy-efficiency and novel circuits that are not possible with MOSFETs. Logic with low-V DD and memory with low-V MIN are required and possible with TFET. To increase performance despite low-V DD , circuits and logic are re-designed for TFET's unique I–V characteristics. Asymmetric I DS -V DS improves circuit design. Efficiency gains from transistor steep-slope enable heterogeneous MOSFET-TFET logic re-design for higher clock rate and greater parallelization.
Discrete Data Models

The logistic regression model has been widely used in statistical literature for analyzing categorical data. In this chapter we present many other useful discrete data models. If the data collection process is retrospective, then we end up with different biased sampling problems.
Specific Challenges in Brachial Plexus Surgery

Brachial plexus injuries are devastating, resulting in loss of function of the upper extremity, which carries significant morbidity. In adults, trauma is the most common etiology of brachial plexus injury. In neonates, the exact pathophysiology of brachial plexus injuries is unclear but occurs before or during labor and parturition [1]. Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births [5]. A significant proportion of these patients will demonstrate spontaneous recovery with therapy alone and no operative intervention. However, there remains a subset of these patients that will not recover without operative intervention.
Chapter 28 – Carbonate Aquifers

Only limited hydrogeological research has been conducted using ichnology in carbonate aquifer characterization. Regardless, important applications of ichnology to carbonate aquifer characterization include its use to distinguish and delineate depositional cycles, correlate mappable biogenically altered surfaces, identify zones of preferential groundwater flow and paleogroundwater flow, and better understand the origin of ichnofabric-related karst features. Three case studies, which include Pleistocene carbonate rocks of the Biscayne aquifer in southern Florida and Cretaceous carbonate strata of the Edwards–Trinity aquifer system in central Texas, demonstrate that (1) there can be a strong relation between ichnofabrics and groundwater flow in carbonate aquifers and (2) ichnology can offer a useful methodology for carbonate aquifer characterization. In these examples, zones of extremely permeable, ichnofabric-related macroporosity are mappable stratiform geobodies and as such can be represented in groundwater flow and transport simulations.
Altering the Ideology of Consumerism: Caring for Land and People Through School Science

In this chapter, we examine how school science can engage ethics of care to interrupt harmful environmental and economic practices of consumption. More specifically, we question: how can science education promote ethical practices of sustainability, particularly within contexts of economic oppression? We first describe how consumerism has become an under–interrogated dominant neoliberal ideology, calling attention to how unfettered consumerism has had devastating effects on individuals, communities, land, and other living beings. We outline how these effects are disproportionately intensified within economically oppressed communities. We then propose an ethic of caring for land and people by drawing on conceptualizations of caring in education literature, environmental education, and Indigenous thought. Next we draw from two case studies of high school science contexts to show ways that youth and their teachers critique consumption through and within an ethic of caring for self, each other, land, and community. As youth re/learn sustainable practices, they attend to both ecological and economic dimensions of sustainability–caring for both land and people. Ultimately, these cases highlight how youth benefit from opportunities to rethink consumption and consumerism in ways that are situated within the complex ecologies of their lives.
Structure-based protein family signature: Efficient comparison of multidomain proteins

The rapid increase in available protein structure datasets requires new techniques for fast, yet, effective analysis of protein 3D structures. In this work, we propose a structure-based signature for protein families, suitable for rapid analysis of multidomain domain protein structures. Our method is alignment-free, using protein strings as the basic representation. A key novelty is the two-stage approach, whereby an initial list of candidate protein superfamilies are rapidly identified using the protein family signature, and then information retrieval methods are applied only to the members of the candidate superfamilies. This approach is the key to both improved speed, and improved structure retrieval accuracy. Experimental results, including comparative results with state-of-the-art methods, demonstrate the performance of the proposed protein family signature on queries with multidomain protein structures.
Teleconsultation as the New Frontier of Educational and Psychological Consultation: Introduction to the Special Issue

In this lead-in article, we define teleconsultation as the delivery of consultative services through videoconferencing and other technologies. We then describe the emergence and potential positive ...
Transgenic Techniques for Investigating Cell Biology During Development

Ascidians are increasingly being used as a system for investigating cell biology during development. The extreme genetic and cellular simplicity of ascidian embryos in combination with superior experimental tractability make this an ideal system for in vivo analysis of dynamic cellular processes. Transgenic approaches to cellular and sub-cellular analysis of ascidian development have begun to yield new insights into the mechanisms regulating developmental signaling and morphogenesis. This chapter focuses on the targeted expression of fusion proteins in ascidian embryos and how this technique is being deployed to garner new insights into the cell biology of development.
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF JUVENILE AND ADULT DELINQUENCY WITH SAMPLES DIFFERING IN SOME IMPORTANT RESPECTS: CROSS-VALIDATION WITHIN THE SAME RESEARCH PROGRAM*

Problems of crime and the correctional system have received a great deal of attention in recent years. This set of studies presents some factual information bearing on these problems. This has been obtained from follow-ups covering periods of from 10 to 35 years using populations which had already been studied for shorter periods of time. These were parts of a comprehensive program of life history studies dealing not only with offenses but also with other kinds of problem behavior.
The Potential of Long-Baseline Optical Interferometry of Binary Stars

Interferometric arrays possessing sub-milliarcsecond resolution are either about to be fully scientifically productive, as in the case of the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer, or are under various stages of planning and development. The 1990’s will thus witness a hundred–fold gain in resolution over speckle interferometry at the largest telescopes and 5,000 times the resolution of classical direct imaging. Where speckle interferometry can now resolve binary stars with periods of 1 to 2 years, interferometric arrays with baselines of hundreds of meters will resolve binaries with periods of a few hours. Arrays will resolve the majority of the known spectroscopic binaries, providing a substantial increase in the quantity and quality of stellar mass determinations. Surveys for new binaries among the field stars and other restricted samples will be accomplished with unprecedented completeness. The remarkable enhancement in resolution we are about to witness from facilities like SUSI and our own proposed CHARA Array will quite literally revolutionize the field of double and multiple star research.
Nationwide Survey of Hospitalization Due to Pediatric Food-Induced Anaphylaxis in the United States.

ObjectiveAnaphylaxis is a common, serious, systemic allergic reaction. In the United States, the change of annual hospitalization rates by anaphylaxis-trigger foods and risk factors associated with severity remain unclear.MethodsHospital discharge records of food-induced anaphylactic reactions of in
139 Effect of protein and calcium ionophore A23187 concentration on hyperactivated motility and acrosome status of stallion sperm

In vitro fertilization does not occur readily in the horse. Fertilization can be achieved using sperm treated with the calcium ionophore A23187 (CaI), but rates are low and variable. In order to fertilize, it is thought that the sperm must show hyperactivated motility and undergo the acrosome reaction. The presence of protein in the media is thought to suppress the effect of CaI, but protein is needed for maintenance of sperm motility. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of CaI in the presence or absence of protein on the acrosome and on hyperactivated motility of equine sperm. For this purpose, sperm from 4 stallions were exposed for 10 min at 37°C to vehicle or to 1 (C1), 5 (C5) or 10 (C10) μM CaI, with (BSA) or without (N) 7 mg mL−1 BSA. The sperm were then washed and incubated at 37°C for 2 h. Total and hyperactivated motility were measured by computer-assisted semen analysis. Sperm were considered hyperactivated if curvilinear velocity was >180 μm s−1, amplitude of lateral head displacement was >12 μm, linearity was 1.3. The percentage of live acrosome-reacted sperm was measured by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide and Pisum sativum agglutinin. Data were analysed by repeated-measures 2-way ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± standard error. Total motility in C5 and C10 treatments was significantly decreased in relation to control (BSA-vehicle) starting at 30 min of incubation (35.42 ± 13.57 to 28.20 ± 13.10% v. 71.72 ± 9.21%, respectively; P < 0.05). Hyperactivated motility was significantly lower in C10, C5 and N-C1 than in control after 2 h of incubation (1.46 ± 0.64 v. 3.10 ± 0.58%, respectively). Live acrosome-reacted sperm were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for BSA-C5 (14.04 ± 1.99%) and BSA-C10 (14.85 ± 2.52%) than for control (7.50 ± 1.62%) after 2 h of incubation. The exposure to sperm of concentrations ≥5 μM CaI was associated with loss of motility from 30 min of incubation on. However, 2 h of incubation after ≥5 μM CaI in the presence of BSA were needed to increase the percentage of live acrosome-reacted sperm. This mismatch between motility and acrosome response helps to clarify the reasons for the variable effect of sperm CaI treatment on equine IVF. Further studies measuring calcium influx and assessing the effect of sperm pre-incubation on CaI response are needed to explore mechanisms for equine in vitro sperm capacitation.
Suggested methods for the analysis of survival rates: application to studies of vector snail biology.

(1990). Suggested methods for the analysis of survival rates: application to studies of vector snail biology. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 84, No. 6, pp. 641-642.
Use of Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index in Cardiac Surgery

Objective This study evaluated whether the pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) collected before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is predictive and diagnostic of new onset right ventricular (RV) failure in the elective cardiac surgical population. Design This was a prospective observational study of patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2017 and 2019. Setting Weill Cornell Medicine, a single large academic medical center. Participants The study comprised 119 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Interventions Cardiopulmonary bypass, transesophageal echocardiography, pulmonary artery catheter, and elective cardiac surgery. Measurements and Main Results Echocardiographic and hemodynamic data were collected at 2 time points: pre-CPB and post-chest closure/post-CPB. Patients with and without post-CPB RV dysfunction fractional area of change ( Pre-CPB PAPi (0.98 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.96-0.99]), end systolic area (0.99 [95% CI 0.98-0.99]), and end diastolic area (1.01 [95% CI 1.001-1.02]) were independently associated with RV dysfunction in multivariable modeling, with a lower PAPi and end systolic area and higher end diastolic area demonstrating a greater risk of RV dysfunction post-CPB (post-CPB area under the curve for PAPi 0.80 [95% CI 0.71-0.88; sensitivity = 0.68, specificity = 0.93, optimal cutoff = 1.9]). Conclusions PAPi measured pre-CPB is a potential predictor and marker of post-CPB RV dysfunction and may have diagnostic utility in cardiac surgery. Additional, large-scale studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Association Between Reduced Handgrip Strength and Commonly Prescribed Medications

Decreased handgrip-strength has become an increasingly important measure of overall health status and fitness. This was a cross-sectional analysis among adult participants in the 2011-2012 NHANES survey. Handgrip-strength was assessed using a digital dynamometer and a standard protocol, and medication use was assessed by self-report and verification by the interviewer. Mean handgrip-strength among participants with no medication use was 87.2kg in males and 57.2kg in females. Handgrip strength decreased significantly in both men and women (ptrend
Engineering Cytochrome P450s for Enantioselective Cyclopropenation of Internal Alkynes

We report a biocatalytic platform of engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes to carry out efficient cyclopropene synthesis via carbene transfer to internal alkynes. Directed evolution of a serine-ligate...
Who Is the Father of Deep Learning

This paper evaluates candidates for the father of deep learning. We conclude that Frank Rosenblatt developed and explored all the basic ingredients of the deep learning systems of today, and that he should be recognized as a Father of Deep Learning, perhaps together with Hinton, LeCun and Bengio who have just received the Turing Award as the fathers of the deep learning revolution.
The Migration Accelerator: Labor Mobility, Housing, and Demand

What is the role of migration in regional evolutions? I document that within-US migration causes a reduction in the unemployment rate of the receiving city over several years. To establish this causal effect, I construct an instrument using out-migration of other places and predict its destination from historical patterns. The decline in unemployment is due to housing. Housing is durable, so increased demand causes a surge of new houses and construction jobs. Additionally, migrants' housing demand raises prices, increasing borrowing and nontradable employment. This finding implies the endogenous response of migration amplifies local labor demand shocks by about a third.
MUC1-specific immunity and tumor inhibition induced by a recombinant BCG-MUC1-IL2 cancer vaccine in a MUC1-Tg mouse model.

2160 We have constructed a recombinant vaccine BCG-MUC1-IL2, which expresses high level of human MUC1 VNTR core protein and secretes functional IL2. MUC1 is a breast cancer-associated antigen that is known to stimulate immunological responses in human. Interleukin 2 (IL2) is a lymphocyte activator and growth factor. BCG is a strong immune adjuvant that has been used safely and effectively in preventing tuberculosis and treating multiple human cancers. We hypothesized that, by combining the cancer-associated antigen with immunologic activators, recombinant BCG-MUC1-IL2 will augment the MUC1-specific immune responses and tumor inhibition. A mouse melanoma cell line transfected with human MUC1 (B16/hMUC1) grown in a human MUC1 transgenic mouse (MUC1-Tg) was selected for testing this hypothesis. The mice were immunized subcutaneously with 3×104 CFU of BCG-MUC1-IL2 and boosted four weeks later. The immunized animals were then challenged with 1,000 B16/hMUC1 melanoma cells the day after the last immunization. Control animals received either BCG-vector or PBS according to the same schedule. The tumor growths in all three groups were monitored. The animals were sacrificed when the tumor reached the maximal allowed size or four weeks after control animal died of tumor growth. The splenocytes and serum were collected from individual animals and were used to study the MUC1-specific immunities by ELISPOT and ELISA. We found that mice immunized with BCG-MUC1-IL2 had significant delay in tumor appearance. The mice in PBS group all developed tumors (four out of four) in three weeks and were scarificed by the fifth week because tumor reached the maximum size (1.5 cm3) allowed by the approved protocol. Mice in the BCG-vector group developed tumor one week later than PBS group. In BCG -MUC1-IL2 group, only one mouse developed tumor after fifth week and no tumor was observed in remaining three mice. These mice were sacrificed for immunological study at the end of eighth week after tumor challenge. The BCG-MUC1-IL2 vaccine mediated immunity was determined by ELISPOT and ELISA. The results of ELISPOT indicated that the MUC1-specific INF-γ expressing splenocytes were increased only in mice immunized with BCG-MUC1-IL2, but not in mice treated with BCG-vector or PBS. The IL4 expressing splenocytes were induced by both BCG-MUC1-IL2 and BCG-vector. A high level of MUC1-specific IgG production was detected by ELISA in BCG-MUC1-IL2 group. These results suggest that the recombinant BCG-MUC1-IL2 induces not only MUC1-specific cellular and humoral immune responses but also tumor inhibition and it may serve as a vaccine for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
Using Item Response Theory to Develop Revised (SSOSH-7) and Ultra-Brief (SSOSH-3) Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scales:

The current research developed ultra-brief (SSOSH-3) and revised (SSOSH-7) versions of the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help scale. Item response theory was used to examine the amount of information each item provided across the latent variable scale and test whether items functioned differently across women and men. In a sample of 857 community adults, results supported removal of three reverse-scored items to create the SSOSH-7. The three most informative items were retained to create the SSOSH-3. Differential item functioning testing supported the use of both versions across women and men. Results replicated in an undergraduate student sample (n = 661). In both samples, the SSOSH-3 (αs = .82-.87) and SSOSH-7 (αs = .87-.89) demonstrated evidence of internal consistency. The SSOSH-3 (rs ≥ .89) and SSOSH-7 (rs ≥ .97) were highly correlated with the original SSOSH across samples and demonstrated significant correlations with help-seeking constructs and in similar magnitude to the original SSOSH.
First-Dose Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Versus Empiric Dosing on Area-Under-the-Curve Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients.

Background Early attainment of target area under the curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratios have been associated with clinical success, as well as lower incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), in patients receiving vancomycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Critically ill patients are particularly vulnerable to poor outcomes from infection and face multiple risk factors for AKI, thus early precision dosing of vancomycin is vital in this population. We hypothesized that a personalized dosing approach, using vancomycin levels obtained after the first dose to guide further dosing, would be superior to empiric dosing in terms of AUC target attainment assessed at steady state (SS). Methods A retrospective cohort study of 66 critically ill adult patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit without AKI and receiving vancomycin with at least two SS concentrations obtained for AUC calculation was performed. Patients were separated into cohorts based on whether they had two concentrations assessed after the first dose of vancomycin and were subsequently dosed based on personalized pharmacokinetic calculations (first-dose kinetics) or whether they were empirically dosed using population estimates. The primary outcome was AUC target attainment (400-600 mg hour/L) at SS. Results Compared with patients receiving empiric dosing by population estimates, using first-dose kinetics to guide subsequent dosing resulted in significantly greater AUC target attainment at SS (58.6% first-dose vs 32.4% empiric; p=0.033). Patients dosed empirically yielded more variable AUC values across a wide range compared with the first-dose kinetics group (coefficient of variation 40.7% empiric vs 26.1% first-dose). There was no difference in AKI up to 48 hours after SS concentrations between the two dosing schemes. Conclusions A dosing strategy using two vancomycin serum concentrations after the first dose and calculating personalized pharmacokinetic parameters to guide subsequent dosing is associated with greater AUC target attainment at SS compared with empiric dosing of vancomycin in critically ill adults with relatively stable renal function.
Tratamiento farmacológico de COVID-19: Conferencia de la Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS)

The pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 has changed a lot during the pandemic. Hydroxychloroquine is not used anymore due to the lack of clinical efficacy. Ivermectin, a medication applied widely in Peru, is not recommended because the scientific evidence to support its use is insufficient. To date, the treatment of hospitalized patients is based in Remdesivir and corticosteroids, and it is only symptomatic without empiric antibiotics in the ambulatory setting. The use of Tocilizumab is still controversial due to the contradictory results of the clinical trials. Although there is probably a higher frequency of thrombotic events in COVID-19, therapeutic anticoagulation is not recommended.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for New Aerospace Fuels

The design of new materials can be made more efficient if toxicity screening is performed in early rather than in late stages of development, especially for volatile materials such as lubricants, fire retardants, fuels, and fuel additives. In our continuing efforts to develop methods for the prediction of the toxicological response to materials of interest to the U.S. Air Force, we have constructed Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) for thirteen newly proposed propellant compounds. We employed two previously published in vitro toxicity endpoints in primary cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes, which measured decrease in mitochondrial function and glutathione depletion [1]. Molecular descriptors were obtained using ab initio molecular orbital theory. QSAR models were then derived for each endpoint. Correlation coefficients for 2- and 3-parameter QSARs exceed 0.9, possibly enabling toxicity predictions for similar compounds. Insight into the biophysical mechanism of toxic response can be gained from interpretation of the descriptors comprising the QSARs.
Recent advances in the electrochemical production of chemicals from methane

Abstract Conventional production of chemicals from methane requires large industrial plants to minimize energy losses and capital costs associated with reforming, synthesis, and product separation steps. The use of renewable electricity as a source of heat for furnaces and the use of electrocatalytic processes to drive energy-intensive chemical transformations promise to displace natural gas combustion as a source of heat and to deliver more compact, economic, efficient, and thus more competitive chemical manufacturing units. Herein, we review the most recent developments on the direct transformation of methane to chemicals using electrochemistry in the past five years. Future declining electricity prices could make electrochemical routes a competitive alternative for the manufacturing of chemicals in small-, medium-, and large-scale plants.