cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deadline assignment in a distributed soft real-time system

In a distributed environment, tasks often have processing demands on multiple sites. A distributed task is usually divided up into several subtasks, each one to be executed at some site in order. In a real-time system, an overall deadline is usually specified by an application designer indicating when a distributed task is to be finished. To study the subtask deadline assignment problem a simple model of the system and tasks is postulated. The focus is on soft real-time systems. In such systems, it is very difficult to guarantee that all deadlines will be met, and hence one tries to minimize the number of deadlines that are missed. The authors examine (through simulations) four strategies for subtask deadline assignment in a distributed soft real-time environment. >
On the impact of television's pictured news

If there is. one type of program common to all broadcasting stations, it is news. When television arrived, many thought that the addition of pictures to sound reports would create a method of news presentation that would inform the public better than any previous technique or medium. The following article reports research into this belief, to replace the unsupported talk that is far more common—on the part of both television newsmen and their rivals in other media.
Bifurcation in clinical psychology.

(1950). Bifurcation in Clinical Psychology. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 157-164.
A retrofit 60 Hz current sensor for power monitoring at the circuit breaker panel

Improved signal conditioning electronics and new experimental results are presented for a sensor that measures current flow in a circuit breaker. A PIC microcontroller optimizes the phase reference for the synchronous detection system on startup eliminating the need for I/Q demodulation. Ultimately, the parts count of the signal conditioning electronics is halved compared to the previous work. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the sensor's response to 60 Hz signals with higher harmonic content and to step transients in 60 Hz signal amplitudes. The proposed current sensor does not require permanent modification of the breaker panel or the circuit breaker itself. The intent of this work is to develop a low-cost, non-intrusive, retrofit sensor for centralized power monitoring at the circuit breaker.
Spatial and temporal features of superordinate semantic processing studied with fMRI and EEG.

The relationships between the anatomical representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain and the timing of neurophysiological mechanisms involved in manipulating such information remain unclear. This is the case for superordinate semantic categorization – the extraction of general features shared by broad classes of exemplars (e.g. living vs. non-living semantic categories). We proposed that, because of the abstract nature, of this information, input from diverse input modalities (visual or auditory, lexical or non-lexical) should converge and be processed in the same regions of the brain, at similar time scales during superordinate categorization - specifically in a network of heteromodal regions, and late in the course of the categorization process. In order to test this hypothesis, we utilized electroencephalography and event related potentials (EEG/ERP) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize subjects’ responses as they made superordinate categorical decisions (living vs. nonliving) about objects presented as visual pictures or auditory words. Our results reveal that, consistent with our hypothesis, during the course of superordinate categorization, information provided by these diverse inputs appears to converge in both time and space: fMRI showed that heteromodal areas of the parietal and temporal cortices are active during categorization of both classes of stimuli. The ERP results suggest that superordinate categorization is reflected as a late positive component (LPC) with a parietal distribution and long latencies for both stimulus types. Within the areas and times in which modality independent responses were identified, some differences between living and non-living categories were observed, with a more widespread spatial extent and longer latency responses for categorization of non-living items.
Follow that plant

A report on the talks presented at the Cold Spring Harbor 2000 Meeting on Arabidopsis Genomics, New York, 7-10 December, 2000.
Excel-NUMA: toward programmability, simplicity, and high performance

While hardware-coherent scalable shared-memory multiprocessors are relatively easy to program, they still require substantial programming effort to deliver high performance. Specifically, to minimize remote accesses, data must be carefully laid out in memory for locality and application working sets carefully tuned for caches. It has been claimed that this programming effort is less necessary in hardware COMA machines like Flat-COMA thanks to automatic line-based data migration. Unfortunately, Flat-COMA is complex to design. Consequently, we would like a machine as programmable as Flat-COMA, as simple as plain CC-NUMA, and that outperforms both. This paper presents our proposal: Excel-NUMA (EX-NUMA). The idea is to exploit the fact that, after a memory line is written and cached, the storage that kept the line in memory is unutilized. We use that storage to temporarily hold remote data displaced from the local caches. This enables automatic data migration, like in Flat-COMA, enhancing programmability. The hardware required to manage the system is a simple, local module added to a CC-NUMA; the global cache coherence protocol is not changed. Simulations of Splash2 applications show that EX-NUMA outperforms CC-NUMA and Flat-COMA in every single application and eliminates most of the conflict misses.
Performance of non-coherent pi /4-QPSK in a frequency-selective fast Rayleigh fading channel

The bit-error-rate performance of the noncoherent quaternary-phase-shift-keying modem scheme in a digital cellular mobile communication system is analyzed. The system is modeled as a frequency-selective fast Rayleigh fading channel corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise and cochannel interference. The demodulation scheme considered is differential or discriminator detection. The probability density function of the phase difference between two consecutive symbols in such a channel is derived. In the pi /4-QPSK system, the information is completely contained in this phase difference. The bit error rate is then calculated by numerical integration. Numerical results show that for the recommended new USA standard system ( pi /4-DQPSK, f/sub c/=850 MHz, symbol rate=24 k Baud), the bit error rate is controlled by the cochannel interference, which is expected to be between 10 and 15 dB. >
Wavelet-based parameter estimation for polynomial contaminated fractionally differenced processes

We consider the problem of estimating the parameters for a stochastic process using a time series containing a trend component. Trend, i.e., large scale variations in the series that are best modeled outside of a stochastic framework, is often confounded with low-frequency stochastic fluctuations. This problem is particularly evident in models such as fractionally differenced (FD) processes, which exhibit slowly decaying autocorrelations and can be extended to encompass nonstationary processes with substantial low frequency components. We use the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to estimate parameters for stationary and nonstationary FD processes in a model of polynomial trend plus FD noise. Using Daubechies wavelet filters allows for automatic elimination of polynomial trends due to embedded differencing operations. Parameter estimation is based on an approximate maximum likelihood approach made possible by the fact that the DWT decorrelates FD processes approximately. We consider this decorrelation in detail, examining the between- and within-scale wavelet correlations separately. Better between-scale decorrelation can be achieved by increasing the length of the wavelet filter, whereas the within-scale correlations can be handled via explicit modeling by a low-order autoregressive process. We demonstrate our methodology by applying it to a popular climate dataset.
Inflammation, immune suppression, and tumor progression.

The tumor microenvironment is a complex milieu of tumor and host cells. Host cells can include tumor-reactive T cells capable of killing tumor cells. However, more frequently tumor and host components interact to generate a highly immune suppressive environment that frustrates T cell cytotoxicity and promotes tumor progression through a variety of immune and non-immune mechanisms. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a major host component contributing to the immune suppressive environment. MDSC accumulate in most patients and experimental mice with cancer. They inhibit both adaptive and innate immunity through a diverse array of suppressive mechanisms and therefore are a significant obstacle for natural immunity and for active cancer immunotherapies. Their accumulation and suppressive potency are driven by pro-inflammatory mediators. In addition to their inherent immune suppressive function, MDSC amplify the immune suppressive activity of macrophages and dendritic cells via cross-talk which results in the up-regulation of inflammatory mediators. Cross-talk between MDSC and other myeloid cells is itself enhanced by inflammation, resulting in an autocrine tumor microenvironment that sustains and amplifies immune suppression. This talk will describe the cell-cell interactions used by MDSC to inhibit anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression, and the role of inflammation in promoting cross-talk between MDSC and other cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Goldfinger's gold standard : Negotiating the economic nation in mid-twentieth century Britain

`Goldfinger's gold standard' reads the James Bond/007 spy film Goldfinger (1964) to interrogate how economic institutions and ideas shape a British national imaginary during the decolonising mid-century. I argue that Goldfinger answers anxieties about the loss of British `standards' of global authority by economically delimiting the nation and privileging cultural Britishness, at the same time that the film acknowledges the flexibility and the ironies of the Bretton Woods gold standard that is its premise. As such, Goldfinger is prescient about the transactive nature of Britishness and economics alike that are characteristic of life under contemporary global capitalism. I contend that ideas about Britain are conditioned by economic policy, and suggest that the interfaces of economic, national and cultural histories may serve as the basis for further interdisciplinary inquiry. •
Role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in hindlimb reactive and active hyperemia in conscious dogs

We tested in conscious dogs whether endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) mediates hindlimb reactive and active hyperemia. Hindlimb reactive hyperemia was observed in response to release of a 1-min occlusion of the terminal aorta, and in separate studies, hindlimb active hyperemic responses to graded dynamic (treadmill) exercise were observed before and after inhibition of EDRF production [NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); 5 mg/kg iv)]. At rest, L-NAME significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from control levels (100.6 +/- 6.2 vs. 125.0 +/- 7.3 mmHg) and significantly decreased heart rate (HR) (94.1 +/- 4.6 vs. 65.7 +/- 3.8 beats/min), terminal aortic blood flow (TAQ) (0.51 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.03 l/min), and terminal aortic vascular conductance (TAC) (5.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.1 ml.min-1.mmHg-1). L-NAME also significantly reduced the hindlimb hyperemia induced by intra-arterial acetylcholine (5 micrograms/kg). During reactive hyperemia L-NAME significantly reduced both the duration and maximal increase in TAC (16.2 +/- 1.6 vs. 10.4 +/- 0.8 s and 24.5 +/- 3.3 vs. 21.0 +/- 3.1 ml.min-1.mmHg-1, respectively). During graded exercise, MAP was significantly higher and HR significantly lower at each work load after L-NAME. During mild exercise, TAQ was significantly lower after L-NAME, whereas at higher work loads, L-NAME had no significant effect on TAQ. TAC was significantly reduced at each work load after L-NAME, but the difference from control remained constant with increasing work load; L-NAME caused a constant offset in TAC during graded exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular prejudice: RNA discrimination against purines allows response to a cellular alarm.

The cellular 'alarmone' molecule ZTP accumulates when a critical cellular metabolic pathway is starved for substrate. The high-resolution structure of ZTP bound to its RNA-based sensor reveals unexpected strategies used by RNA to specifically recognize small-molecule ligands within the complex cellular mixture.
Making it relevant: how a black male teacher sustained professional relationships through culturally responsive discourse

AbstractWhat we know about the experiences of black teachers is limited, especially considering the vast amount of research conducted on and about black boys and young men. This article describes and analyzes how a black teacher at a suburban high school in the Midwestern United States negotiated professional relationships through culturally relevant discourse. Anthony Bell was the only black male teacher participating in a classroom discourse analysis study group at a diverse suburban high school. Throughout the course of the semester, Anthony’s stated objective for learning discourse analysis was to understand, structure, and facilitate more productive conversations with a struggling student teacher he was mentoring. Yet Anthony also used his discursive inquiry to “trouble the water” in his classroom and in the study group workshops. Participation in the study group provided Anthony with metalinguistic tools to critique his interactions with his students, student teacher, and professional peers. Anthony...
Coagulase-negative staphylococcal adherence and persistence.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci, which are normal inhabitants of human mucous membranes and skin, have recently evolved as major contributors to systemic disease in hospitalized patients in the developed world [1]. Coagulase-negative staphylococci colonizing skin are capable of adherence to plastic and other therapeutic or prosthetic devices, and therefore, intensive-care patients or patients treated with reconstructive devices are especially susceptible to serious infections with these organisms. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the coagulase-negative species most frequently recovered from clinical specimens, although ^0 species of coagulase-negative staphylococci have been identified. At least two properties of S. epidermidis provide this organism with mechanisms for persistence. One of these properties is the capacity for adherence to surfaces by using lectins or other adhesins [2]. The other property is production of a surface slime material that protects the organisms from phagocytosis and from the action of antimicrobial agents [3]. Extracellular slime substance also inhibits inflammatory and specific adaptive immune responses [4, 5].
When Will the Next Record Rainfall Occur

(1972). When Will the Next Record Rainfall Occur? Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 15-19.
The Role of Pepsin in LPR: Will It Change Our Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to the Disease?

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is the back flow of gastric contents into the laryngopharynx. It is estimated that this disease affects 20−40 % of the United States population and is commonly encountered by otolaryngologists. Patients with LPR present with symptoms due to chronic laryngeal irritation such as hoarseness and cough. Pepsin, a gastric enzyme, has been shown to be a specific and sensitive biomarker for LPR. Measurement of pepsin in patients with LPR symptoms holds promise as a reliable diagnostic test. Studies have shown that pepsin induces cell damage, inflammation, and neoplastic changes independently of gastric acid in an endocytosis-dependent manner. Thus, pepsin has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target, especially for patients experiencing refractory symptoms on currently available anti-reflux medications. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact role that pepsin plays in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the laryngopharynx and to develop pharmacologic agents targeting pepsin.
The integrated stimulation technologies in sand fracturing for the fractured volcanic reservoirs

The limitations on the stimulation measures bring out bad effect on the recognition of gas-bearing property and the development of the fractured volcanic reservoirs in the Songliao Basin.As a result,in view of the fractured volcanic reservoirs,this paper studied the influencing factors on cracking and expansion of artificial fractures,and a kind of high-temperature-resistant fracturing fluid system with low damage,then optimized the previously-used stimulation methods by adopting high viscosity fracturing fluid,optimum perforation as well as injection with multi-slug proppant to improve the success rate of work and post-fracturing effect,and finally developed a series of stimulation technologies in sand fracturing for the fractured volcanic reservoirs,which include(1)the technology of processing and interpretation of small fracturing test data,(2)the technology of multi-fracture control and filtration reduction,(3)flowback technology after fracturing,and(4)the optimal design technology before fracturing.The application results show that this matching key technology can meet the demands of production.
Flexor Tendon Injury: Late Solution

Once the decision has been reached to reconstruct a digit with lost flexion, the options include tenolysis, one-stage tendon grafting and tendon transfer, and two-stage tendon reconstruction.
Evaluation of Flat Versus Complex Terrain Models in Estimating Pollutant Transport and Deposition in Complex Terrain

Estimation of potential human health risks associated with pollutants emitted into the atmosphere from the stacks of municipal waste combustors (MWCs), fossil fuel plants, and similar point sources requires accurate knowledge of annual average atmospheric pollutant concentrations and deposition rates in the areas surrounding these facilities. Values for these quantities are most often estimated through the use of atmospheric dispersion models. While a vast number of these models exist and are readily available for use, the risk assessor is generally faced with obstacles such as little or no data on the size and distribution of emitted particles, limited computing capability, crude meteorological measurements, or insufficient knowledge of terrain for the location being modeled. Consequently, common practice when determining exposure to pollutants emitted from these facilities has been to use air dispersion models which require minimal computing power and site specific information. The majority of these models are based on the Gaussian plume formulation and contain only limited provisions for dealing with complicated atmospheric processes such as pollutant deposition and flow in complex terrain (i.e. terrain exceeding the height of the stack). Of these, undoubtedly the most widely used are the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST) and Long Term (ISCLT) models (U.S. EPA, 1979).
Seeing the Big Picture

In this ambitious and well-researched study, David Zweig explores how China has internationalized itself over the last quarter of a century. He defines internationalization as “the expanded flows of goods, services, and people across state boundaries, thereby increasing the share of transnational exchanges relative to domestic ones, along with a decline in the level of regulation affecting those flows” (p. 3). While addressing a myriad of specific research questions, his central puzzle is this: “Why did a communist country, and a leadership so long committed to Maoist autarky, increase the level of global transactions and reduce the level of regulatory controls?” (p. 3). Through case studies of internationalization in four diverse areas—urban economy, rural economy, education, and foreign aid—Zweig presents us with a convincing big picture of how China opened its door to the outside world. He argues that the interaction of a host of international and domestic factors has brought about China’s internationalization. He demonstrates that typically the internationalization of a sector begins with the central government deciding to allow limited transnational exchanges to take place under government control. Once these exchanges develop, international and domestic beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries push for further opening through decentralization and/or deregulation. Despite government efforts to regain control from time to time, the process of greater liberalization has been irreversible. While this book contains many important insights, I find the treatment of the following questions especially enlightening. First, why did China’s leaders decide to allow the country to be internationalized? Disagreeing with Susan Shirk’s influential argument that the center granted coastal regions preferential policies—including lower international barriers—as a tactic to gain political support from local governments, Zweig points to elite visions and elite learning. I only wish the book
"Tofi Management, Inc.": An Experiential Exercise Regarding the Long-Term Implications of Some Technological Innovations

There have been some technological developments during the past few years, which will have a significant impact on marketing and management practices only a decade or two from now. This exercise is intended to provoke thought and discussion about the long-term social and managerial implications of such innovations. The case is one that captures the interest because of its unique setting, and induces lively discussion. The debriefing session at the end of the exercise is used to create awareness of the different points of view that emerge during the discussion.
The Bifocal Lens Model and Equation: Examining the Linkage between Clinical Judgments and Decisions

Background. Brunswik’s Lens Model and lens model equation (LME) have been applied extensively in medical decision making. Clinicians often face the dual challenge of formulating a judgment of patient risk for some adverse outcome and making a yes or no decision regarding a particular risk-reducing treatment option. Objective. In this article, I examine the correlation between clinical risk judgments and treatment-related decisions, referring to this linkage as “cohesion”. A novel form of the LME is developed to decompose cohesion. The approach is “bifocal” in that it focuses on 2 sets of linked responses from the same individual. Methods. Data from 2 studies were analyzed to illustrate how individual differences in cohesion could be explained by differences in the parameters of the bifocal lens model equation (BiLME). Results. Cohesion varied because of differences in cognitive control, similarities in the judgment and decision policies, and a possible reliance on a subjective threshold value applied to t...
Design and Analysis of a Four-Degree-of-Freedom Hybrid Spherical Scanning Apparatus

The design of a novel scanning apparatus used for digitizing dental impression molds is presented. The apparatus consists of a four-degree-of-freedom hybrid spherical linkage capable of moving the dental mold relative to a laser scanner along a curved path in the specified orientations. Since closed form inverse kinematics solutions are not available for the multiple degree-of-freedom spatial mechanism in question, symbolic and numerical computation techniques are used extensively for kinematics analysis, dimension design, and optimization. In addition, mechanical design and simulation software (Pro/Engineer & Pro/Mechanica), as well as the rapid prototyping machines are used to reduce the development cost and cycle time.
Double-Opposing Z-Plasty Palatoplasty

This chapter provides an operative dictation template for a double opposing palatoplasty. It outlines the indications for the procedure potential complications and provides a detailed guide to the individual steps of the procedure.
Effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on muscle thickness and strength in resistance-trained men

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of phosphatidic acid (PA) supplementation on muscle thickness and strength following an 8 week supervised resistance-training program. Fifte...
Static Ball Bearing Thermal Conductance in Air and Vacuum: Review and Correlation

A literature review of static ball bearing thermal conductance in both air and vacuum was performed, with an emphasis on understanding the conductance that would be expected across ball bearings of...
Don't Go Viral: An Evidence-Based Practice Project for Increasing Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Rates on a College Campus

Aim : To describe the effectiveness of an evidence-based practice (EBP) project on a college campus using an educational campaign that leveraged technology as well as traditional marketing strategies for the dissemination of valuable, reliable health information about the seasonal influenza virus and seasonal influenza vaccination. Background : Despite the typical seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) of approximately 50% - 60% (Centers for Disease Contol and Prevention, 2016c), some groups of individuals, such as young adults, do not take advantage of obtaining the immunization for a variety of reasons. Methods : Students (N=55) at a small private university in southwestern Pennsylvania agreed to participate in an EBP project between September 2015 and October 2015. Project participants were sent a link to an animated online video about seasonal influenza, and an optional text message reminder was sent to encourage vaccination against the virus. An electronic survey was utilized to identify demographics and confirm the effectiveness of the campaign methods. Results : Due to the limited number of survey responses, a broad scale conclusion of intervention effectiveness cannot be applied against the larger college student population nationally. However, the results from the participants who viewed the online educational video showed a favorable reaction to this type of intervention. Conclusions : Based on the EBP project results, when developing health-related material and programming, consideration needs to be given to the college student population’s preferences on learning. Given the computer usage statistics of the college-age population and the results of this project, the matching of the video to the population’s preferred medium is supported.
Bioinspired Mushroom-Like Fiber Adhesives

Mushroom-like synthetic microfibers have been shown to generate strong adhesion to smooth surfaces, resulting in adhesive performance on par with the natural adhesive pads of the gecko. Theoretical and numerical investigations regarding the pull-off mechanism of this family of fibers suggest that adherence is primarily controlled by the geometry of the cap. Here, we designed an experimental study to determine the effect of tip size and edge angle on pull-off stress for comparison with existing theoretical/numerical results. An adhesion measurement system was designed to measure pull-off force of an individual fiber in an array. A fabrication technique was developed to fabricate microfibers with varying cap diameters and constant edge angle. Pull-off experiments performed with fibers of two different edge angles with varying tip sizes showed that pull-off stress, which reached as high as 2.08 MPa, increased with decreasing tip diameter and are in agreement with theoretical expectations. Repeatability experiments performed with a fiber employing a small cap (tip-to-stalk ratio = 1.3) showed that the fiber lost only about 10% of its initial adherence after six consecutive pull-off measurements. Conversely, a microfiber with a larger cap diameter (tip-to-stalk ratio = 2) lost 66% of its initial adherence after the same number of runs. Our findings suggest that fibers with smaller caps are better adhesives due to their enhanced durability and pull-off stress.
Cultural influences on mental health symptoms in a primary care sample of Latinx patients

The present study examines how both between group (i.e., ethnic group membership) and within group cultural factors (i.e., nativity status, age of immigration, and perceived discrimination) may contribute to anxiety and related symptoms in Latinx with anxiety disorders. Baseline data were examined from patients who participated in one of the largest intervention studies for adults with anxiety disorders in primary care settings; 196 Latinx and 568 NLW (non-Latinx White) patients participated. Proportions of anxiety disorders were similar between Latinx and NLWs; however, Latinx, on average, had a greater number of anxiety disorders than NLWs. Levels of anxiety and depression symptom severity, anxiety sensitivity, and mental functional impairment were similar between the ethnic groups. Latinx expressed greater somatization and physical functional impairment than NLWs. Among Latinx, perceived discrimination, but not other cultural variables, was predictive of mental health symptoms while controlling for age, gender, education, and poverty. Overall, these findings suggest more similarities than differences in types and levels of anxiety and anxiety-related impairment, with some important exceptions, including greater levels of somatization and physical functional impairment among Latinx patients. Further, perceived discrimination may be an important factor to consider when examining risk for greater symptom burden among Latinx with anxiety.
Poor Encoding and Weak Early Consolidation Underlie Memory Acquisition Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis: Retroactive Interference, Processing Speed, or Working Memory?

Objective Learning and memory impairments are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be related to difficulty acquiring (encoding or consolidating) new information. We evaluate the role of retroactive interference and investigate whether minimizing interference immediately following encoding (early during consolidation) will improve MS participants' ability to remember new verbal information. Additionally, we investigate processing speed differences between memory-impaired and unimpaired participants and present an exploratory analysis of how the dual-components of working memory (capacity vs. processing) relate to memory impairment. Method MS memory-unimpaired (N = 12) and MS memory-impaired participants (N = 12) were compared to healthy controls (N = 15). Interference onset following encoding (early, mid, late, no interference) was manipulated over the retention interval of a verbal learning and memory task. Response times (RT) were recorded during interference trials. Results MS memory-impaired participants encoded less information and lost proportionally more information over the retention interval (weak consolidation). Lengthening the onset of interference did not benefit memory performance in this sample. Memory performance was unrelated to RT but was related to performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Primary capacity of working memory did not differ across groups; however, secondary memory processing was reduced for MS memory-impaired participants. Conclusion Minimizing interference following encoding did not improve memory in this sample. Both initial encoding and early consolidation were reduced for memory-impaired MS participants. Evidence for a relationship between processing speed and memory was mixed and depended on the processing speed assessment used. Memory impairment in MS may be partially due to inefficient processing within working memory.
High prevalence of cholestasis, with increased conjugated bile acids in inflammatory bowel diseases patients

High prevalence of cholestasis, with increased conjugated bile acids in inflammatory bowel diseases patients
Organic chemistry students’ challenges with coherence formation between reactions and reaction coordinate diagrams

The purpose of this study was to elucidate and describe students’ thinking when making connections between substitution and elimination reactions and their corresponding reaction coordinate diagrams. Thirty-six students enrolled in organic chemistry II participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Three major themes were identified that characterize students’ difficulties with integrating the information from the reactions and the reaction coordinate diagrams: incorrect ideas about the meanings of the reaction coordinate diagrams’ features, errors when examining reaction mechanisms, and an inability to assess the relative energies of reaction species. These findings suggest that students need support for coherence formation between reactions and reaction coordinate diagrams. Implications for teaching to address these student difficulties are suggested.
A Context for Change – A Charge to Consider

A cursory review of the chapters included in this book provides ample evidence that the international community of technology educators is interested in a range of topics in order to better position the profession well into the 21st century. Each of the topics, at least from a global perspective, needs the profession’s immediate and undivided attention.
Course of Schizophrenia: What Has Been Learned from Longitudinal Studies?

Understanding the course of schizophrenia is essential to improve prophylaxis, early diagnosis, diagnostic validity, and prognosis. While the majority of the longitudinal studies of schizophrenia report that 50–70% of patients have a chronic, generally persistent course of illness, the rest of the patients present with a heterogeneous course. Furthermore, there are no clear course predictors at the time of the initial diagnosis. In this chapter we discuss likely contributors to the reported course heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia longitudinal studies are based on heterogeneous patient samples, using different inclusion criteria to define the type and severity of the disease. Different diagnostic approaches as described by Kraepelin, Bleuler, Schneider, Conrad and DSM, amongst others, have been used over time. The implications of different diagnostic systems on course and outcome are discussed.
Pathways through the border of biomedicine and traditional chinese medicine: a meeting of medical systems in a Japanese psychiatry department.

This article examines a meetingof biomedicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the context of a psychiatry departmentin a Japanese national medical school. Themeeting is explored through stories of fourindividuals, the professor of the departmentand three Chinese physicians studying asexchange students. Global structures of medicalauthority are revealed in the way eachparticipant follows a different trajectorythrough this space, positioning themselves byvirtue of the medical epistemologies theyembody. The particular geography of thismeeting between systems allowed for aproductive synthesis of diagnostic techniques,quite different from the more commontherapeutic syntheses. This synthesis isparticularly important for contemporarypsychiatry because of its ability to attend todimensional as opposed to categorical aspectsof mental health.
A Study of the First 99 Monday Morning Managers: Key Findings

In July 2014, the Network for Social Work Management (NSWM) initiated a weekly blog series titled “Monday Morning Managers” (MMMs) featuring the autobiographical accounts of the history and experie...
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Borylation of Racemic Secondary Benzylic Electrophiles

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as the most versatile approach to date for achieving enantioconvergent carbon-carbon bond formation using racemic alkyl halides as electrophiles. In contrast, there have not yet been reports of the application of chiral nickel catalysts to the corresponding reactions with heteroatom nucleophiles to produce carbon-heteroatom bonds with good enantioselectivity. Herein, we establish that a chiral nickel/pybox catalyst can borylate racemic secondary benzylic chlorides to provide enantioenriched benzylic boronic esters, a highly useful family of compounds in organic synthesis. The method displays good functional group compatibility (e.g., being unimpeded by the presence of an indole, a ketone, a tertiary amine, or an unactivated alkyl bromide), and both of the catalyst components (NiCl2 ⋅glyme and the pybox ligand) are commercially available.
Multifractality of Unperturbed and Asymmetric Locomotion.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the extent of multifractality in unperturbed and constrained locomotion, and to determine if multifractality predicted gait adaptability. Young, healthy participants (n = 15) walked at preferred and slow speeds, as well as asymmetrically (one leg at half speed) on a split-belt treadmill. Stride time multifractality was assessed via local detrended fluctuation analysis, which evaluates the evolution of fluctuations both spatially and temporally. Unperturbed walking exhibited monofractal behavior. Asymmetric walking displayed greater multifractality in the faster moving limb, indicating more intermittent periods of extreme high or low variance. Multifractality was not associated with adaptation to asymmetric walking. These findings further suggest that unperturbed locomotion is monofractal and establish that perturbed walking yields multifractal behavior.
Does routine use of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography prevent anastomotic leaks? A retrospective cohort analysis.

Abstract Background Insufficient perfusion to anastomoses in colorectal surgery is known to lead to complications. This study aims to evaluate whether routine use of fluorescence angiography (FA) alters the incidence of anastomotic leaks after colorectal surgery. Methods This was a retrospective study of 554 colorectal resections with and without the use of intraoperative fluorescence angiography. Anastomotic leak rates and whether angiography altered surgical management were the main outcomes measured. Results The anastomotic leak rate was found to be 1.3% both with and without use of FA (p > 0.05). Significantly more alterations were made to planned anastomotic site in FA group (n = 13, 5.6%) as compared to the group prior to use of FA in whom no alterations were made (p Conclusions No significant difference was found in anastomotic leak rates between the two groups studied. Routine use of fluorescence angiography significantly altered intra-operative decision-making without discernible change in clinical outcome.
Parameters for Validating a Hospital Pneumatic Tube System

BACKGROUND: Pneumatic tube systems (PTSs) provide rapid transport of patient blood samples, but physical stress of PTS transport can damage blood cells and alter test results. Despite this knowledge, there is limited information on how to validate a hospital PTS. METHODS: We compared 2 accelerometers and evaluated multiple PTS routes. Variabilities in PTS forces over the same routes were assessed. Response curves that demonstrate the relationship between the number and magnitude of accelerations on plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LD), hemolysis index, and potassium in PTS-transported blood from volunteers were generated. Extrapolations from these relationships were used to predict PTS routes that may be prone to false laboratory results. Historical data and prospective patient studies were compared with predicted effects. RESULTS: The maximum recorded g-force was 10g for the smartphone and 22g for the data logger. There was considerable day-to-day variation in the magnitude of accelerations (CV, 4%–39%) within a single route. The linear relationship between LD and accelerations within the PTS revealed 2 PTS routes predicted to increase LD by ≥20%. The predicted increase in LD was similar to that observed in patient results when using that PTS route. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital PTSs can be validated by documenting the relationship between the concentrations of analytes in plasma, such as LD, with PTS forces recorded by 3-axis accelerometers. Implementation of this method for PTS validation is relatively inexpensive, simple, and robust.
Retranslocation of tagged carbon in Ambrosia dumosa

Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) Payne cuttings grown in solution culture were exposed to /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ to measure the distribution of labeled photosynthate among leaves, stems, and roots after 4, 24, and 48 h. For all sampling periods, the highest levels of /sup 14/C were found in leaves and the lowest in roots; however, considerable /sup 14/C had moved to roots in 48 h. In a 12-week study of A. dumosa in solution culture, plants increased in size more than 17 times and flowered and produced seeds. The plants had received /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ in photosynthesis at the start. The gradual loss of /sup 14/C from the plants in the 12 weeks averaged 3.5 percent per week (coefficient of variation = 58 percent). This represents an average respiration rate of 0.21 mg C g dry weight/sup -1/ h/sup -1/. This compares favorably with other means for determining respiration rate. The percentage of /sup 14/C in the root portion of the plant varied little over 6 sampling periods, indicating that essentially none of the initially fixed /sup 14/C left the roots during the 12 weeks of test. The /sup 14/C entering fruits and seeds came from leaves only. The biomass ofmore » fruit parts resulted more from new photosynthate than from retranslocation from leaves. In a study in which A. dumosa plants were defoliated, little /sup 14/C moved from roots to new shoot growth.« less
THRUST AUGMENTATION OF AN ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED HYBRID ROCKET SYSTEM USING SECONDARY OXIDIZER INJECTION

A hybrid rocket includes a housing having first and second ends, a solid-grain fuel material in the housing and defining a bore extending from end to end, two electrodes positioned adjacent to the fuel material to ignite the fuel material at the first end, a primary oxidizer port positioned at the first end to inject a primary oxidizer to flow in a downstream direction from the first end to the second end, a nozzle positioned at the second end and having a converging portion and a diverging portion, and a secondary oxidizer port to inject a secondary oxidizer downstream of the converging portion. The bore has a geometry configured to produce a hot-gas, fuel-rich mixture at the nozzle as the fuel material and primary oxidizer burn while flowing downstream. The diverging portion of the nozzle is configured to spontaneously combust the secondary oxidizer and the hot-gas, fuel-rich mixture.
A Similarity Mindset Matters on Social Media: Using Algorithm-Generated Similarity Metrics to Foster Assimilation in Upward Social Comparison:

Upward social comparison on social networking sites (SNSs) makes SNS users feel bad about themselves. Would emphasizing overall similarity between SNS users and the upward comparison targets make t...
Reconstructing past forest composition and abundance by using archived Landsat and national forest inventory data

ABSTRACTEffective modelling of forest susceptibility to defoliating insect outbreaks requires a better understanding of outbreak dynamics, which includes detailed knowledge of the pre- and post-out...
Prepregnancy Obesity Is Not Associated with Iron Utilization during the Third Trimester.

BACKGROUND An adequate maternal iron supply is crucial for maternal red blood cell (RBC) expansion, placental and fetal growth, and fetal brain development. Obese women may be at risk for poor iron status in pregnancy due to proinflammatory-driven overexpression of hepcidin leading to decreased iron bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the impact of prepregnancy (PP) obesity on third-trimester maternal iron utilization. DESIGN Using the stable isotope 57Fe, we measured iron utilization in the third trimester in PP obese [BMI (in kg/m2): ≥30] and nonobese (BMI: 18.5-29.9) women. We also assessed iron status, hepcidin, inflammation, erythropoietin, dietary iron intake, and gestational weight gain. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests (e.g., Student t test, Pearson correlation) were used for data analysis. RESULTS Fifty pregnant women (21 PP obese, 29 PP nonobese) were included. Mean age was 27.6 ± 6.8 y and mean gestational age at time of 57Fe administration was 32.7 ± 0.7 wk. Anemia (hemoglobin <11 g/dL for non-black and <10.2 g/dL for black women) affected 38% of women (43% PP obese compared with 35% PP nonobese; P = 0.55). Women with PP obesity had significantly higher C-reactive protein (8.5 compared with 3.4 mg/L, P = 0.0007) and total body iron corrected for inflammation (6.0 compared with 4.3 mg/kg, P = 0.04) compared with the nonobese women. There was no difference in serum hepcidin or iron utilization between the PP BMI groups. CONCLUSION This is the first study to assess the impact of PP obesity on maternal iron utilization. We found no difference in iron utilization in the third trimester of pregnancy in women with and without PP obesity. Despite higher frequency of anemia, women with PP obesity had less depleted body iron stores, suggesting some degree of iron sequestration. This finding should be followed up and extended to understand effects on fetal iron bioavailability.
Targeting of Water Rights Retirement Programs: Evidence from Kansas

This article assesses the water use impacts of the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program in the Upper Arkansas River basin in Kansas, a water rights retirement program aimed at reducing depletion of the High Plains Aquifer. First, I use a fixed effects model with matched samples of farmers to determine the effect of the program on the water use of individuals who retire acreage. I find that every acre authorized for irrigation that is retired in the program represents about 1.28 acre‐feet of water that would have been used each year. Further, I do not find evidence that farmers increase their water use in an effort to satisfy program eligibility requirements. Second, I estimate a probit regression to determine which factors most influence the probability that a farmer retires a water right. Using the results of the probit regression, I then simulate enrollment decisions outside of the policy region to assess how features of the program impact its cost effectiveness and how the policy design could be improved. I find that programs that base incentives on past levels of water extraction lead to more water use reductions per dollar paid.
Hybrid Modeling in the Era of Smart Manufacturing

Abstract Smart manufacturing (SM) is a new paradigm that allows manufacturing to enter its fourth revolution by exploiting state-of-the art sensing, communication and computation as the Industrial Internet of Things (IioT). Through the use of high-performance computing and advanced modeling, SM aims to improve the flexibility and adaptability of manufacturing. This paper addresses this trend by reviewing the combined use of data-driven and knowledge-enabled hybrid models (HM), and discusses how such techniques seamlessly fit in the SM platform. Furthermore, a discussion of the new paradigms of HM enabled by the SM platform is given, highlighting their importance in future large-scale applications of the SM platform.