cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FDA Drug Approval Summary: Bevacizumab (Avastin®) Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as First-Line Treatment of Advanced/Metastatic Recurrent Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

On October 11, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted approval for bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA), administered in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, for the initial treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic, nonsquamous, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Approval is based on a significant improvement in overall survival (OS). A randomized, open label, multicenter clinical trial, conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), in chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous NSCLC, evaluated bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel (BV/CP, n = 434) versus carboplatin and paclitaxel alone (CP, n = 444). Exclusion of patients with squamous or predominantly squamous histology was based on life-threatening or fatal hemoptysis occurring in 4 of 13 patients with squamous histology who received a BV/CP regimen in a phase II study. Among the 878 randomized patients, the median age was 63, 46% were female, 76% had stage IV disease, 12% had stage IIIB disease with malignant pleural effusion, 11% had recurrent disease, and 40% had an ECOG performance status score of 0. OS was significantly longer in patients receiving BV/CP than in those receiving CP alone (median OS, 12.3 versus 10.3 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; p = .013, stratified log rank test). Although a consistent effect was observed across most subgroups, in an exploratory analysis, evidence of a survival benefit was not observed in women (HR, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.25). Severe and life-threatening adverse events occurring more frequently in patients receiving BV/CP were neutropenia (27% versus 17%), fatigue (16% versus 13%), hypertension (8% versus 0.7%), infection without neutropenia (7% versus 3%), thrombosis/embolism (5% versus 3%), pneumonitis or pulmonary infiltrate (5% versus 3%), infection with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (5% versus 2%), febrile neutropenia (5% versus 2%), hyponatremia (4% versus 1%), proteinuria (3% versus 0), and headache (3% versus 0.5%). Fatal, treatment-related adverse events in patients receiving bevacizumab were pulmonary hemorrhage (2.3% versus 0.5%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage, central nervous system infarction, gastrointestinal perforation, myocardial infarction, and neutropenic sepsis. The most serious, and sometimes fatal, bevacizumab toxicities are gastrointestinal perforation, wound healing complications, hemorrhage, arterial thromboembolic events, hypertensive crisis, nephrotic syndrome, congestive heart failure, and neutropenic sepsis. The most common adverse events in patients receiving bevacizumab are asthenia, pain, abdominal pain, headache, hypertension, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis, constipation, upper respiratory infection, epistaxis, dyspnea, exfoliative dermatitis, and proteinuria.
Non-contact Scanning Electrical Impedance Imaging

We are interested in applying electrical impedance imaging to a single cell because it has potential to reveal both cell anatomy and cell function. Unfortunately, classic impedance imaging techniques are not applicable to this small scale measurement due to their low resolution. In this paper, a different method of impedance imaging is developed based on a noncontact scanning system. In this system, the imaging sample is immersed in an aqueous solution allowing for the use of various probe designs. Among those designs, we discuss a novel shield-probe design that has the advantage of better signal-to-noise ratio with higher resolution compared to other probes. Images showing the magnitude of current for each scanned point were obtained using this configuration. A low-frequency linear physical model helps to relate the current to the conductivity at each point. Line-scan data of high impedance contrast structures can be shown to be a good fit to this model. The first two-dimensional impedance image of biological tissues generated by this technique is shown with resolution on the order of 100 /spl mu/m. The image reveals details not present in the optical image.
Gene expression during terminal erythroid differentiation.

Purpose of review Expression profiling is a powerful technique to sample cell state. This review shows how expression profiling is being applied to the study of erythroid differentiation. Recent findings Expression-based studies of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells has shown that these cells express lineage-restricted genes from multiple lineages at low levels, and that they are in effect ‘primed’ to develop into all hematopoietic cell types. Expression profiling of oligopotent and committed progenitor cells has further shown that commitment to the erythroid lineage is associated with a progressive decline in the number of expressed genes. Lineage commitment is regulated by lineage-restricted transcription factors, and studies show that the erythroid transcription factor GATA1, in addition to activating a subset of genes, has global repressive effects on gene expression. Terminal erythroid differentiation is associated with further reduction in the number of expressed genes. The erythroid program is defined by those genes that are still expressed, and their high-level expression depends on specific epigenetic modifications, recruitment of transcription factors, and posttranscriptional effects. Summary Expression profiling provides the means to identify novel targets for the therapy of erythrocytes disorders, and to obtain insights into the mechanisms of cellular differentiation.
The Role of Roadsides in Plant Invasions: a Demographic Approach

Non-native plant species are common along roadsides, but presence does not necessarily indicate spread along the road axis. Roadsides may serve merely as habitat for a species spreading independently of roads. The potential conduit function of roads depends on the habitat specificity of the spreading species, its dispersal range relative to the spacing of roads in the landscape, and the relative importance of long- and short-range dispersal. We describe a demographic model of the road x species interaction and suggest methods of assessing conduit function in the field based on the model results. A species limited to roadside habitat will be constrained to spread along the road axis unless its long-range dispersal is sufficient to carry it across the intervening unfavorable area to another road. It will propagate along a road corridor at a rate determined by the scale of short-range dispersal. Effective management of an invasion requires distinguishing between the habitat and conduit functions, a distinction difficult to make with only snapshot data. Invasions can be reconstructed by several methods, but none is totally satisfactory. We suggest comparing stem distributions on transects parallel and perpendicular to the road axis, and beside the road, and away from it, with an idealized Gaussian curve. Such comparisons would allow discrimination between pattern determined by habitat suitability and pattern reflecting random and facilitated dispersal.
Scalable Fabrication of Low Elastic Modulus Polymeric Nanocarriers With Controlled Shapes for Diagnostics and Drug Delivery

A new process, decoupled functional imprint lithography (D-FIL), is presented for fabricating low elastic modulus polymeric nanocarriers possessing Young's modulus of bulk material as low as sub-1 MPa. This method is employed to fabricate sub-50 nm diameter cylinders with >3:1 aspect ratio and other challenging shapes from low elastic modulus polymers such as N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and poly(ethylene glycol) di-acrylate (PEGDA), possessing Young's modulus of bulk material 1 GPa, and so these polymers used in nanocarrier fabrication in comparison have very low elastic modulus. Monodispersed, shape- and size-specific nanocarriers composed of NIPAM with material elastic modulus of <1 MPa have been fabricated and show thermal responsive behavior at the lower critical solubility temperature (LCST) of ∼32 °C. In addition, re-entrant shaped nanocarriers composed of PEGDA with elastic modulus <10 MPa are also fabricated. Nanocarriers fabricated from PEGDA are shown with model imaging agent and anticancer drug (Doxorubicin) encapsulated in as small as 50 nm cylindrical nanocarriers.
A model and compilation strategy for out-of-core data parallel programs

It is widely acknowledged in high-performance computing circles that parallel input/output needs substantial improvement in order to make scalable computers truly usable. We present a data storage model that allows processors independent access to their own data and a corresponding compilation strategy that integrates data-parallel computation with data distribution for out-of-core problems. Our results compare several communication methods and I/O optimizations using two out-of-core problems, Jacobi iteration and LU factorization.
A Survey Of The Academic Ethics Of Accounting Seniors

We surveyed recent accounting seniors about the ethics of their academic behavior while in the university. Contrary to some earlier research, we did not find accounting majors to be more ethical than other business students. More than 70% of respondents had engaged in 4 of 16 activities considered unethical in the literature. Ninety-eight percent had engaged in at least one of the activities while enrolled in the university. This rate was higher than any found in the literature. Implications for accounting in-structors and managers are discussed.
Solubilization of Coal

Coal solubilization, or essentially complete dissolution, entails a series of complex processes which involve reactions of the solvent as well as coal. Effective solubilization requires hydrogen from the solvent or other source outside of the coal since its hydrogen content is so low. Solubilization conceptually consists of using a solvent (and sometimes a catalyst) to break up the coal structure into fragments that can be dissolved by the solvent and stabilization of those fragments in a solution. Solubilization can be used to facilitate chemical structure studies or it may be the first stage of a coal liquefaction process. Despite the long history of studies on coal dissolution there are many aspects of solubilization that need further study to achieve a complete understanding of the phenomena, mechanisms, and conditions which control coal dissolution reactions.
High-Order Statistics for Point Prediction in Natural Images

Results are presented for a simple conditional-moments method that directly measures high-order statistics of natural images. In four estimation tasks significant increases in performance are obtained in comparison to traditional methods.
Optically Powered Sensors

Many advanced systems such as next generation aircraft and automated factories require highly reliable, precise control functions. The designers of these systems are specifying fiber optics for not only interconnecting the sensors and actuators to the control circuits but also providing a passive (i.e. no electrical power) sensor mechanism. Optical sensors that have been developed can provide high sensitivity, EMI/EMP immunity, light weight, high reliability, low cost, and a single fiber for input and output of signals.
Cluster-based correlation of severe driving events with time and location

ABSTRACTIn this article, a systematic strategy is proposed to identify severe driving events occurrence correlation with time and location. The proposed approach, which is constructed based on batch clustering and real-time clustering techniques, incorporates historical and real-time data to predict the time and location of severe driving events. Batch clustering is implemented with the combination of subtractive clustering and fuzzy c-means clustering to generate clusters representing the initial correlation patterns. Real-time clustering is then developed to create and update real-time correlation patterns on the foundation of the batch clustering using the evolving Gustafson–Kessel like (eGKL) algorithm. In both clustering processes, the correlation of the events within time domain is identified first, and then two different levels of accurate correlations are conducted for the location domain. Real-time data of operating vehicles each equipped with a data acquisition and wireless communication platfor...
Establishment and evaluation of an in vitro model of brain-blood barrier for pharmaceutical experimental reserch

OBJECTIVE To establish an in vitro model of brain-blood barrier(BBB)using cultured mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMVEC)and glioma cell line C6 for pharmaceutical research on the trans-BBB drug delivery property.METHODS Mouse BMVEC were seeded on the surface of polyester-multipore-membrane with gelatin-coated cell culture insert(Transwell),C6 cells were seeded on the bottom of cell culture plate for co-cultured to confluence.To evaluate the morphology and characters of BMVEC in the model,light and scanning electron microscopy were used,and transendotheliar resistance(TEERs)over BMVEC of the barrier was determined with Millicell-ERS system.RESULTS The in vitro BBB model has similar properties as in vivo BBB such as tight junctions between endothelial cells,produce high TEERs values.CONCLUSION The in vitro BBB model at cell level in our study is suitable for central nervous system(CNS)drug trans-BBB research.
Analysis and research of real-time communication current situation in power dispatch automation for China south power grid

The features of the fourth generation power dispatch automation real-time communication subsystem are analyzed in detail,such as hardware platform,operation model,communication protocol integration,PMU communication,gateway,etc.Based on application requirements,one or more real-time communication subsystems can be integrated in the unified supporting planform of the fourth generation dispatch automation system.A pplications of the fourth generation front-end communication subsystem are explained.For example,it is applied to full-vision energy management system real-time communication for China southern power grid and to the EMS communication project with TASE.2 protocol for Guizhou power grid.IEC61850 protocol communication is furtherly discussed.
Utilization of Quantitative EEG Trends for Critical Care Continuous EEG Monitoring: A Survey of Neurophysiologists

Purpose Quantitative EEG (QEEG) can be used to assist with review of large amounts of data generated by critical care continuous EEG monitoring. This study aimed to identify current practices regarding the use of QEEG in critical care continuous EEG monitoring of critical care patients. Methods An online survey was sent to 796 members of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS), instructing only neurophysiologists to participate. Results The survey was completed by 75 neurophysiologists that use QEEG in their practice. Survey respondents reported that neurophysiologists and neurophysiology fellows are most likely to serve as QEEG readers (97% and 52%, respectively). However, 21% of respondents reported nonneurophysiologists are also involved with QEEG interpretation. The majority of nonneurophysiologist QEEG data review is aimed to alert neurophysiologists to periods of concern, but 22% reported that nonneurophysiologists use QEEG to directly guide clinical care. Quantitative EEG was used most frequently for seizure detection (92%) and burst suppression monitoring (59%). A smaller number of respondents use QEEG for monitoring the depth of sedation (29%), ischemia detection (28%), vasospasm detection (28%) and prognosis after cardiac arrest (21%). About half of the respondents do not review every page of the raw critical care continuous EEG record when using QEEG. Respondents prefer a panel of QEEG trends displayed as hemispheric data, when applicable. There is substantial variability regarding QEEG trend preferences for seizure detection and ischemia detection. Conclusions QEEG is being used by neurophysiologists and nonneurophysiologists for applications beyond seizure detection, but practice patterns vary widely. There is a need for standardization of QEEG methods and practices.
Neuropsychological evaluation of the HIV patient.

The recognition that there were subtle cognitive changes in patients with HIV disease that could progress to serious dementia led to the need for neuropsychological evaluation of AIDS patients. This article describes both the normative considerations that are involved in developing a test battery and describes the practical uses for which neuropsychological testing can be used in diagnosis and management. A particular problem in testing can be differentiating between the direct impact of HIV infection on the brain and the effects of the various peripheral opportunistic infections. This article discusses the choices in neuropsychological testing between the trade-off of the breadth of application and ease of interpretation that is available from standard batteries and the ability to pinpoint specific or subtle deficits that might be obtained from more experimental tasks. This article describes many of the specific tests that are used and their use in various stages of the illness.
P04.21 Event-level analysis of condom use and love during transactional vaginal intercourse among women living in the midwestern united states

Introduction Little research has explored how love affects condom use among women engaging in transactional sex. Most interventions for these women focus on non-romantic partners who may not confer the most sexual risk for HIV/STI. Methods 26 women were enrolled into 4-week study during which event-level information about mood and sexual intercourse was collected twice daily via cell phone. We used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression with generalised estimating equation correction to test associations between person and event-level factors and condom use during transactional sex events. Results Participants reported 88 paid/traded vaginal intercourse events; 50.2% were condom protected. After controlling for partner type, feeling in love on a given day was significantly associated with higher odds of condom use, while time of day and day of were significantly associated with lower odds of condom use. There was a significant interaction between being in love and using condoms (p = 0.03). When participants reported being in love, they used condoms during 57.1% of events with romantic partners and 61.1% of events with non-romantic partners. When women did not report being in love, they reported condom use in 64.3% of events with non-romantic partners and 54.0% of events with romantic partners. Conclusion There was a strong association between being in love on a given day and condom use during transactional events. This association was moderated by partner type such that when women reported being in love they were more likely to use condoms with non-romantic partners and less likely to use condoms with romantic partners. Love may mark increased STI/HIV risk in romantic relationships, especially if condoms are seen as barriers to intimacy that distinguishes romantic from non-romantic partners. Unpacking women’s partner-specific perceptions of risk may be help women make the link between affective states and preventive behaviours. Disclosure of interest statement The study was funded by the Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Centre for Urban Health and NIDA grant T32 DA 023356.
Hemodynamic monitoring in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension: From analog tracings to the digital age

Hemodynamic monitoring in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension: From analog tracings to the digital age
The female urinary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders

This review provides the clinical context and updated information regarding the female urinary microbiota (FUM), a resident microbial community within the female bladder of many adult women. Microbial communities have variability and distinct characteristics in health, as well as during community disruption (dysbiosis). Information concerning characteristics of the FUM in health and disease is emerging. Sufficient data confirms that the microbes that compose the FUM are not contaminants and are cultivatable under appropriate conditions. Common clinical conditions, including urinary tract infection (UTI) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), a common form of urinary incontinence (UI), may be usefully reconsidered to determine the role of the FUM. Knowledge of FUM characteristics may help advance prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions and other common lower urinary disorders in women. The FUM appears related to UTI and UUI in adult women. The specific role of the FUM remains to be clarified and requires significant additional work in describing FUM variability and resilience in health. Unique aspects of the FUM prompt re-evaluation of existing nomenclature to more appropriately define health and disease; the concept of dysbiosis may be useful for understanding the interaction of the FUM with other aspects of lower urinary tract physiology, including urothelial signaling. Clinicians, through their clinical laboratories, can adopt enhanced urine culture techniques that more fully describe the living microbes within the FUM. This additional information may provide clinicians and their patients an opportunity to impact clinical care without antibiotic use, if the FUM can be appropriately modified to improve treatment precision for UTI and UUI.
Value-at-risk in uncertain random risk analysis

Uncertain random variables provide a tool to deal with phenomena in which uncertainty and randomness simultaneously exist. This paper proposes a concept of value-at-risk to quantify the risk of an uncertain random system. In addition, a value-at-risk theorem is proved in order to calculate the value-at-risk, and is applied to series systems, parallel system, k-out-of-n system, standby system, and structural system.
Bonding modes in bis(benzene)beryllium(0): A density functional and Møller-Plesset computational investigation

Abstract Density functional calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G ∗∗ and ωB97X-D/6-311+G ∗∗ levels of theory and Moller-Plesset calculations at the MP2/6-311+G ∗∗ level of theory predict that bis(benzene)beryllium(0) may adopt three different structures: syn - and anti -bis(1,2-η 2 -benzene)beryllium(0) and (1,2-η 2 -benzene)(1,2,3,4-η 4 -benzene)beryllium(0); the latter is the most stable structure. Significant charge transfer from the beryllium atom to the benzene rings is observed in all structures. Due to the relatively large energy differences between the three different structures, the molecules are unlikely to be fluxional at room temperature.
Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of Aliphatic Amides.

We report the Ni-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aliphatic amide derivatives. Prior studies have shown that aliphatic amide derivatives can undergo Ni-catalyzed carbon–heteroatom bond formation but that Ni-mediated C–C bond formation using aliphatic amide derivatives has remained difficult. The coupling disclosed herein is tolerant of considerable variation with respect to both the amide-based substrate and the boronate coupling partner and proceeds in the presence of heterocycles and epimerizable stereocenters. Moreover, a gram-scale Suzuki–Miyaura coupling/Fischer indolization sequence demonstrates the ease with which unique polyheterocyclic scaffolds can be constructed, particularly by taking advantage of the enolizable ketone functionality present in the cross-coupled product. The methodology provides an efficient means to form C–C bonds from aliphatic amide derivatives using nonprecious-metal catalysis and offers a general platform for the heteroarylation of aliphatic acyl electrophiles.
Erythrocyte Glyoxalase II Deficiency With Coincidental Hereditary Elliptocytosis

Hereditary hydroxyacl-glutathione hydrolase (Glyoxalase II) deficiency was demonstrated in both homozygous and heterozygous form in kindred in which hereditary elliptocytosis was inherited independently. Homozygotes and heterozygotes for the enzyme deficiency were clearly differentiated by direct enzyme assay and a variety of indirect methods. Four homozygotes exhibited 10 per cent or less of normal activity. Leukocytes do not share the deficiency. Lactoyl-glutathione lyase (Glyoxalase I) activity was entirely normal in both leukocytes and erythrocytes, and was three times more active than Glyoxalase II. Glyoxalase II deficiency was traceable through three generations, was transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and was not associated with discernible clinical or hematological abnormalities. It did not appear to worsen clinical manifestations of hereditary elliptocytosis where the two abnormalities coexisted.
Chronic fetal stress and the risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome

The relationship between five conditions of chronic fetal stress and the incidence of infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was investigated among 614 premature (less than or equal to 36 weeks) infants delivered at the University of Washington Hospital from 1977 to 1980. The strongest association found was a protective effect of abnormal antepartum testing (nonreactive nonstress test, positive contraction stress test, or low or falling maternal urinary estriols). Among the 45 infants with abnormal antepartum testing, the probability of RDS was 15.0 versus 33.8% for the infants without the complication (odds ratio = 0.35, P less than or equal to .01, adjusted for gestational age and mode of delivery). Rupture of the membranes for greater than 24 hours (N = 151), amnionitis (N = 63), and vaginal bleeding beginning more than 24 hours before delivery (N = 108) were each associated with a reduced risk of RDS (adjusted odds ratios = 0.63, 0.51, and 0.58, respectively, P less than or equal to .05). Hypertensive disease of pregnancy was not associated with a decreased risk of RDS; in fact, the opposite trend occurred (N = 96, odds ratio = 1.67, P = .07). The associations with RDS were not explained by differences between births with and without each complication in terms of gestational age, mode of delivery, absence of labor, administration of antenatal steroids, and other complications of pregnancy. This study adds support to the hypothesis that certain conditions associated with chronic fetal stress lead to an acceleration in pulmonary maturity.
Changes in Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic Hormones and Neurotransmitters during Aging

It is well established that the central nervous system (CNS) regulates anterior pituitary (AP) function by the production of releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones from specialized neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus. These neurohormones are secreted into the vicinity of the primary capillary plexus of the portal vascular system for delivery to the AP. These secretory neurons are, in turn, under the regulatory influence of afferent neuronal inputs to the hypothalamus and from peripheral hormones secreted by AP hormone target tissues.
Neurocognitive Changes in AIDS: Evolution of Treatment of HIV Infection

Over the next 12 months, many additional cases of PCP pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and cryptococcal meningitis were identified in young MSMs, especially in major US cities on the East and West coasts. In most cases, the individuals had no prior indication of immunodeficiency, which provided the basis for nomenclature of AIDS that was applied to this syndrome by the CDC in 1982.
Effectiveness and tolerability of neoadjuvant pertuzumab-containing regimens for HER2-positive localized breast cancer

Based on improvement in pathologic complete response (pCR) in the NeoSphere and TRYPHAENA studies, the FDA approved neoadjuvant pertuzumab for HER2+ localized breast cancer. These studies demonstrated high pCR rates with THP (docetaxel + HP), FEC (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide)-THP, and TCHP (docetaxel, carboplatin + HP). However, in the United States, doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) is favored over FEC despite no data comparing neoadjuvant AC-THP with AC-TH or TCHP. Here we report outcomes for patients with localized HER2+ breast cancer treated with pertuzumab-containing neoadjuvant regimens and AC-TH. We reviewed clinicopathological characteristics of patients with HER2+ breast cancer (Stage I–III) treated with either a neoadjuvant pertuzumab-containing regimen or dose-dense (dd) AC-TH, from 2011 to 2016 at a large academic medical institution and two affiliated community sites. pCR was defined as ypT0/is ypN0. Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. In this study (N = 121), pCR was numerically higher with pertuzumab-based regimens, including ddAC-THP (60%), TCHP (63%), THP (55%), as compared with ddAC-TH (46%). THP resulted in significantly less cycle delays due to toxicity compared to the other regimens (p = 0.02). THP also resulted in the least dose reductions, lowest rate of hospitalization, and lowest rate of treatment discontinuation. Pertuzumab-based regimens, including THP, resulted in higher pCR rates as compared to ddAC-TH, with the THP regimen associated with the best tolerability among patients with localized HER2+ breast cancer. Given the various neoadjuvant regimens, additional studies are needed to determine optimal treatment sequencing and escalation/de-escalation strategies to personalize neoadjuvant regimens for localized HER2+ breast cancer.
Colorization of H&E stained tissue using Deep Learning

Histopathology is a critical tool in the diagnosis and stratification of cancer. Digital Pathology involves the scanning of stained and fixed tissue samples to produce highresolution images that can be used for computer-aided diagnosis and research. A common challenge in digital pathology related to the quality and characteristics of staining, which can vary widely from center to center and also within the same institution depending on the age of the stain and other human factors. In this paper we examine the use of deep learning models for colorizing H&E stained tissue images and compare the results with traditional image processing/statistical approaches that have been developed for standardizing or normalizing histopathology images. We adapt existing deep learning models that have been developed for colorizing natural images and compare the results with models developed specifically for digital pathology. Our results show that deep learning approaches can standardize the colorization of H&E images. The performance as measured by the chi-square statistic shows that the deep learning approach can be nearly as good as current state-of-the art normalization methods.
Telling Tales at Work: An Evolutionary Psychological Explanation

This paper explores the adaptive functions of storytelling in the workplace from an evolutionary psychological perspective. Based on the analysis of ethnographic studies on hunter-gatherer and modern work organizations, this paper claims that storytelling, as an adapted cognitive device, was selectively retained by natural and sexual selection, due to its survival and reproductive payoff. The narrative production through storytelling is a natural coping mechanism and has been functional in both old and new ways of working life under different ecological conditions. This paper also discusses some evolutionarily-informed practical implications of storytelling in contemporary organizations.
Flame propagation in nano-aluminum–water (nAl–H2O) mixtures: The role of thermal interface resistance

Abstract A detailed numerical analysis of flame propagation in nano-aluminum–water (nAl–H2O) mixture is performed. Emphasis is placed on investigating the role of particle thermal conductivity in the prediction of the burning properties of the mixture. Flame structure and burning characteristics are obtained by solving the energy equation using finite difference discretization and the Gauss–Seidel iteration method. Particle thermal conductivity is modeled using the temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of the aluminum core and oxide layer, as well as their interface resistance. The effective thermal conductivity of the mixture is modeled as a function of temperature, spatial coordinate, and local mixture composition, by means of the unified Maxwell–Eucken–Bruggeman model, accounting for random particle distribution and inter-particle interaction. Results indicate that the combined thermal resistance offered by the oxide layer and the interface constitute 95% of the total resistance of the particle. The calculated particle-size dependent linear burning rates show good agreement with experimental data, with only 5% error. Error in burning rate prediction increases, however, to 20% when interface resistance is excluded from the particle thermal conductivity model. It was also observed that burning rate varies as the inverse of particle size. Finally, an analysis of the sensitivity of burning rate to the individual components of the particle thermal conductivity model is also performed. Results suggest a 30% decrease in burning rate for two orders of magnitude reduction in both interface conductance and oxide thermal conductivity. The burning rate drops by only 15%, however, for a similar reduction in aluminum thermal conductivity. A heat conduction perspective on flame propagation in nanocomposites is presented, identifying the highest and the lowest conductive pathways for energy transport.
Optimal design of a fin in steady-state

Abstract A fin serves as an extended surface to enhance the heat transfer from a larger heated mass to which it is attached. We consider a fin in steady-state and find its shape that maximizes the efficiency. Our approach is based on a piecewise linear approximation of design. We develop the corresponding algorithm and conduct numerical experiments. Our optimization problem is similar but not identical to the problem studied by L. Hanin. We discuss the applicability of Schmidt’s hypothesis for our model. This paper is an extension of the previous authors’ paper where we considered the shape of the fin that minimizes the cooling time of a heated mass.
Relationship Between Serum Alpha-Tocopherol and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality

Rationale: Although there has been a long-standing interest in the human health effects of vitamin E, a comprehensive analysis of the association between circulating vitamin E and long-term mortali...
Assessing soybean genotypes for feeding damage by Neohydatothrips variabilis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract The prevalence of soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) in soybean (Glycine max (L.), Merr.) across major producing areas in North America and its negative impact on seed oil content demonstrate the need for effective control strategies against the virus. Varieties with resistance to vectors could modify their behavior, reduce transmission and consequently disease incidence. In this study we evaluated feeding preference of viruliferous Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach), the primary vector of SVNV on selected genotypes with different leaf pubescence. Low feeding genotypes were studied in-depth using imaging software to assess thrips injury in high resolution. We found that damage was reduced among genotypes with low pubescence levels. Given that there is no known SVNV-resistant germplasm, identifying resistance to vectors is a promising alternative strategy. The genotypes identified in this study could be the basis for breeding N. variabilis-resistant cultivars.
Childhood Trauma and Attachment

This article describes the relationship between trauma in early childhood and attachment style, with the goal that clinicians can more effectively tailor individualized interventions to their clien...
The State of Access in Cities: Theory and Practice

This chapter presents a framework to analyze access to rights and services in urban settings. Following De Jong and Rizvi’s (2008) definition of access as the match between societal commitment and institutional capacity to deliver rights and services and people’s capacity to benefit from those rights and services, the chapter examines the different dimensions that underpin access in urban settings. It argues that efforts to deal with the bureaucratic dysfunction that impedes access should be grounded in an approach that looks at context, system, agency and individual levels of analysis. Such conceptual approach highlights the adaptive nature of dealing with bureaucratic dysfunction to enlarge access to urban benefits, putting an emphasis on the role of leadership in innovating to make it possible. The chapter tests these propositions by examining examples of recent innovations to manage bureaucratic dysfunction and associated lack of access from cities across the world. Some lessons are drawn from the analysis: (i) leaders who can articulate the public value proposition, can enable the necessary legitimacy and can build operational capacity are a fundamental pillar of any effort, (ii) focusing in an agency or a narrow set of agencies may leave key stakeholders out, rendering efforts to increase access unsustainable, and (iii) engaging frontline workers has to be a central part of any effort, but it cannot fail to act at the context and societal level, so that the deeper forces inhibiting access to urban benefits are deactivated in the long term.
Afterword: “Miami’s Nappy Edges: Finding Black Miami, Sin Fronteras”

A reflection on the ‘Mapping Creole Miami: Black Intellectual and Artistic Trajectories’ symposium; pursuing coarse, loose(ned), twisted, and braided strands of relation that can create and maintain more possible Black futures.
The ABCF gene family facilitates disaggregation during animal development.

Skuodas and Clemons et al. show that protein aggregation is pervasive during early development and that the ABCF family of soluble ATP-binding proteins, which are encoded by animal genomes and expr...
Navigating Graduate School with a Disability

In graduate school, people with disabilities use disability accommodations to learn, network, and do research. However, these accommodations, often scheduled ahead of time, may not work in many situations due to uncertainty and spontaneity of the graduate experience. Through a three-person autoethnography, we present a longitudinal account of our graduate school experiences as people with disabilities, highlighting nuances and tensions of situations when our requested accommodations did not work and the use of alternative coping strategies. We use retrospective journals and field notes to reveal the impact of our self-image, relationships, technologies, and infrastructure on our disabled experience. Using post-hoc reflection on our experiences, we then close with discussing personal and situated ways in which peers, faculty members, universities, and technology designers could improve the graduate school experiences of people with disabilities.
When is a Match Sufficient? A Score-based Balance Metric for the Synthetic Control Method

In some applications, researchers using the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of a policy may struggle to determine whether they have identified a “good match” between the control group and treated group. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of the mean and maximum Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) as a test of balance between a synthetic control unit and treated unit, and provide guidance on what constitutes a poor fit when using a synthetic control. We explore and compare other potential metrics using a simulation study. We provide an application of our proposed balance metric to the 2013 Los Angeles (LA) Firearm Study [9]. Using Uniform Crime Report data, we apply the SCM to obtain a counterfactual for the LA firearm-related crime rate based on a weighted combination of control units in a donor pool of cities. We use this counterfactual to estimate the effect of the LA Firearm Study intervention and explore the impact of changing the donor pool and pre-intervention duration period on resulting matches and estimated effects. We demonstrate how decision-making about the quality of a synthetic control can be improved by using ASMD. The mean and max ASMD clearly differentiate between poor matches and good matches. Researchers need better guidance on what is a meaningful imbalance between synthetic control and treated groups. In addition to the use of gap plots, the proposed balance metric can provide an objective way of determining fit.
Host-pathogen Immune Feedbacks Can Explain Widely Divergent Outcomes from Similar Infections

Abstract A longstanding question in infection biology is why two very similar individuals, with very similar pathogen exposures, may have very different outcomes. Recent experiments have found that even isogenic Drosophila melanogaster hosts, given identical inoculations of some bacterial pathogens at suitable doses, can experience very similar initial bacteria proliferation but then diverge to either a lethal infection or a sustained chronic infection with much lower pathogen load. We hypothesized that divergent infection outcomes are a natural result of mutual negative feedbacks between pathogens and the host immune response. Here we test this hypothesis in silico by constructing process-based dynamic models for bacterial population growth, host immune induction, and the feedbacks between them, based on common mechanisms of immune system response. Mathematical analysis of a minimal conceptual model confirms our qualitative hypothesis that mutual negative feedbacks can magnify small differences among hosts into life-or-death differences in outcome. However, explaining observed features of chronic infections requires an extension of the model to include induced pathogen modifications that shield themselves from host immune responses at the cost of reduced proliferation rate. Our analysis thus generates new, testable predictions about the mechanisms underlying bimodal infection outcomes.
Binder free Cu2O/CuO/Cu/Carbon-polymer composite fibers derived from metal/organic hybrid materials through electrodeposition method as high performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract Design of Cu2O/CuO nanocomposites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries has attracted extensive attention because of their potential applications in the energy field. Herein, in this work, the coordination polymers of Cu2+ and flexible chain-like α, ω-dicarboxylate (succinate and sebacate) are synthesized by a facile anodic electrochemical deposition method, in which succinic acid/sebacic acid is used as electrolyte and the copper foil is used as electrodes. The obtained Cu(α, ω-dicarboxylate) polymers grown on copper foil substrate are decomposed and oxidized to prepare a Cu2O/CuO/Cu/Carbon-polymer composite fibers, in which the nanoparticles of Cu2O/CuO/Cu are uniformly incorporated into a fibrous carbon-polymer, which can facilitate Li+ ion diffusion to active sites in the electrodes and alleviate the volume expansion during the charge and discharge process. As a result, the Cu2O/CuO/Cu/Carbon-polymer composite fibers can be used as novel binder free anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which displays high capacity, excellent cycle stability and rate performance. The initial discharge capacity of composite fibers electrode derived from Cu (sebacate) polymers (Cu-C10) is as high as 508.9 mAh/g at the current densities of 50 mA·g−1. After 150 cycles, the capacity can still remain at 479.9 mAh/g with capacity retention rate of 94.3%. The preparation of electrodes by novel electrochemical deposition in this work would provide a new insight for preparing advanced binder free metal oxide/carbon-based anodes for LIBs with environmental friendliness and inexpensive.
Global Health Security Capacity and Capability Measurement Framework Within the Biological Threat Reduction Program

The Biological Threat Reduction Program, part of the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program since 1991, is mandated by the US Congress to regularly provide public reporting as part of its accountability. The Biological Threat Reduction Program recently designed a metrics and evaluation framework to measure its impact and effectiveness in partner countries. The framework focuses on capacity and capability strengthening related to biosafety, biosecurity, and biosurveillance. This is a marked shift from the previous approach, which relied on more tangible outcomes such as the elimination of weapons of mass destruction production assets, delivery devices, munitions, and construction activities. The new metrics and evaluation framework tracks the program's impact across 24 biosafety, biosecurity, and biosurveillance metrics and numerous capability, capacity, sustainability, and regional leadership indicators for human and animal health systems. The framework uses quantitative and qualitative inputs to generate measurement scores for program investment in partner countries. Overall, the framework provides a robust feedback loop between requirements, plans, and implementation processes throughout each step of the program's annual management lifecycle.
Imaging and Detection of Botrytis Cinerea with Gigahertz Ultrasonic Imager

This paper demonstrates the detection of Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic fungus that can infect grapes, with a GHz ultrasonic CMOS integrated imager. The Botrytis spore solution (~0.1 spores/µm] was applied to the imaging surface of the ultrasonic imager. Water is pumped onto the surface periodically to compensate for the water evaporation and water consumption by the spores. The presence of Botrytis is detected, and its growth cycle is also recorded simultaneously from optical and ultrasonic images. The results of ultrasound imaging are consistent with those of optical imaging. The ultrasonic impedance of Botrytis is estimated to be 5.9-11.1 MRayls. The Botrytis cinerea images are also compared with those obtained from Metschnikowia Pulcherrima yeast, another ubiquitous organism on the surface of grapes. In the experiments, Botrytis grows slowly for the first 6–7 hours and then rapidly, whereas the yeast grows exponentially at first and then almost linearly. This observation is consistent with the biological expectation. This paper proves the effectiveness of ultrasonic imaging microorganisms, potentially facilitating early detection in agricultural systems The mixed sample with yeast and fungal spores is more complicated but different than each organism separately imaged. Controlled growth and image classification techniques can improve the specificity and selectivity by using the continuous voltage distribution images as inputs.
Conserving Energy by Expanding the Thermal Comfort Envelope

Standard 55–74 entitled “Thermal Conditions for Human Occupancy” which is published by The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, (ASHRAE) defines an “acceptable thermal environment” as one in which “at least 80 percent of the normally clothed men and women while engaged in indoor sedentary or near sedentary activities would express thermal comfort.” This is pictured on the ASHRAE psychrometric chart as an envelope that includes dry bulb temperatures between 74°F and 77°F at relative humidities between 20% and 60%. The paper will describe five human factors approaches that have been used or are being considered to expand this envelope and thereby conserve energy. These are (1) the use of small radiant heaters which are installed in the modesty panels of desks so comfort may be attained at lower temperatures; (2) the demonstration that night set-back of thermostats to temperatures as low as 50°F do not effect sleeping patterns; (3) the role that interior decor can play ...