cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“It’s just something engrained in them”: examining organizational citizenship behaviors within part-time campus recreation center employees

Sport scholars have sparsely examined the contributions of part-time employees in the workforce. This study contributes to the gap in the literature by exploring a recreation center’s part-time stu...
Effects of technology assumptions on US power sector capacity, generation and emissions projections: Results from the EMF 32 Model Intercomparison Project.

Abstract This paper is one of two syntheses in this special issue of the results of the EMF 32 power sector study. This paper focuses on the effects of technology and market assumptions with projections out to 2050. A total of 15 models contributed projections based on a set of standardized scenarios. The scenarios include a range of assumptions about the price of natural gas, costs of end-use energy efficiency, retirements of nuclear power, the cost of renewable electricity, and overall electricity demand. The range of models and scenarios represent similarities and differences across a broad spectrum of analytical methods. One similarity across almost all results from all models and scenarios is that the share of electricity generation and capacity fueled by coal shrinks over time, although the rate at which coal capacity is retired depends on the price of natural gas and the amount of electricity that is demanded. Another similarity is that the models project average increases in natural gas power generating capacity in every scenario over the 2020–2050 period, but at lower average annual rates than those that prevailed during the 2000–2015 period. The projections also include higher gas capacity utilization rates in the 2035–2050 period compared to the 2020–2050 period in every scenario, except the high gas price sensitivity. Renewables capacity is also projected to increase in every scenario, although the annual new capacity varies from modest rates below the observed 2000–2015 wind and solar average to rates more than 3 times that high. Model estimates of CO 2 emissions largely follow from the trends in generation. Low renewables cost and low gas prices both result in lower overall CO 2 emission rates relative to the 2020–2035 and 2035–2050 reference. Both limited nuclear lifetimes and higher demand result in increased CO 2 emissions.
Experience: from C++ to Python in 3 easy steps

Python is a programming language with clear syntax. It provides an interactive environment in which to explore procedural and object-oriented approaches to problem solving ([19]). This paper describes the shift from C++ to Python that the computer science program has taken place at our college. The author describes the reasoning behind the shift, the course content during the shift, and ends with a conclusion.
Developing an Extended Services School: A School-Community-University Partnership

For the past several years, faculty and students from Boston College have been engaged in a school-community-university partnership committed to improving the life chances of children and families in the local community. The development of this partnership has a complex history involving many aspects of the both the university and the community. In this paper, we describe the nature of the partnership (i.e., its purposes and goals), the process through which this partnership developed, its goals and achievements, and some of its key learnings regarding what factors best facilitate the development of a successful partnership.
Fallible is as Fallible Does

After a wild philosophical decade which has seen the resuscitation of innate ideas, essences, necessities, and possible worlds, Professor Isaac Levi now dreams the impossible dream of reviving infallibility. With admirable daring, he invokes pragmatism, not only to legitimate the quest for certainty, but to declare it always and everywhere successful. Not, to be sure, in the soul of man, but at any rate in his corpus, at every moment, glows the flame of certain and infallible truth.
A RRAM-based Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Array for Neural Network Accelerators

We propose a novel RRAM-based coarse grain reconfigurable array design for neural network computing. The proposed reconfigurable array design consists of RRAM-based reconfigurable AU array and the associated interconnects using novel RRAM-based multiplexer logic. A significant area saving is achieved compared with conventional design due to the simplification of logic expression as well as the saving of storage space and routing congestions from conventional switch controller. The experiments using 45nm CMOS technology show 47% area improvement and 27% performance enhancement can be achieved by using proposed RRAM-based reconfigure array technique.
Effect of Catheter Ablation vs Medical Therapy on Quality of Life Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: The CABANA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Catheter ablation is more effective than drug therapy in restoring sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but its incremental effect on long-term quality of life (QOL) is uncertain. Objective To determine whether catheter ablation is more beneficial than conventional drug therapy for improving QOL in patients with AF. Design, Setting, and Participants An open-label randomized clinical trial of catheter ablation vs drug therapy in 2204 symptomatic patients with AF older than 65 years or 65 years or younger with at least 1 risk factor for stroke. Patients were enrolled from November 2009 to April 2016 from 126 centers in 10 countries. Follow-up ended in December 2017. Interventions Pulmonary vein isolation, with additional ablation procedures at the discretion of the investigators, for the catheter ablation group (n = 1108) and standard rhythm and/or rate-control drugs selected and managed by investigators for the drug therapy group (n = 1096). Main Outcomes and Measures Prespecified co-primary QOL end points at 12 months, including the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life (AFEQT) summary score (range, 0-100; 0 indicates complete disability and 100 indicates no disability; patient-level clinically important difference, ≥5 points) and the Mayo AF-Specific Symptom Inventory (MAFSI) frequency score (range, 0-40; 0 indicates no symptoms and 40 indicates the most severe symptoms; patient-level clinically important difference, ≤−1.6 points) and severity score (range, 0-30; 0 indicates no symptoms and 30 indicates the most severe symptoms; patient-level clinically important difference, ≤−1.3 points). Results Among 2204 randomized patients (median age, 68 years; 1385 patients [63%] were men, 946 [43%] had paroxysmal AF, and 1256 [57%] had persistent AF), the median follow-up was 48.5 months, and 1968 (89%) completed the trial. The mean AFEQT summary score was more favorable in the catheter ablation group than the drug therapy group at 12 months (86.4 points vs 80.9 points) (adjusted difference, 5.3 points [95% CI, 3.7-6.9];P Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation, catheter ablation, compared with medical therapy, led to clinically important and significant improvements in quality of life at 12 months. These findings can help guide decisions regarding management of atrial fibrillation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00911508
Hamstring Injuries: Risk Factors, Treatment, and Rehabilitation.

The most predictive factor for hamstring injury is a previous hamstring injury.Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful study for determining the extent of the hamstring injury and whether surgical intervention is warranted.Conservative treatment is indicated for acute hamstring strains, partia
Value-based care for the treatment and evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia: an analysis of a metropolitan service area claims database.

With an aging population, cost containment and improved outcomes will be crucial for a sustainable healthcare ecosystem. Current data demonstrate great variation in payments for procedures and diagnostic workup of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). To help determine the best financial value in BPH care, we sought to analyze the major drivers of total payments in BPH. Commercial and Medicare claims from the Truven Health Analytics Markestscan® database for the Austin, Texas Metropolitan Service Area from 2012 to 2014 were queried for encounters with diagnosis and procedural codes related to BPH. Linear regression was utilized to assess factors related to BPH-related payments. Payments were then compared between surgical patients and patients managed with medication alone. Major drivers of total payments in BPH care were operative, namely transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) [$2778, 95% CI ($2385–$3171), p < 0.001) and photoselective vaporization (PVP) ($3315, 95% CI ($2781–$3849) p < 0.001). Most office procedures were also associated with significantly higher payments, including cystoscopy [$708, 95% CI ($417–$999), p < 0.001], uroflometry [$446, 95% CI ($225–668), p < 0.001], urinalysis [$167, 95% CI ($32–$302), p = 0.02], postvoid residual (PVR) [$245, 95% CI ($83–$407), p < 0.001], and urodynamics [$1251, 95% CI ($405–2097), p < 0.001]. Patients who had surgery had lower payments for their medications compared to patients who had no surgery [$120 (IQR: $0, $550) vs. $532 (IQR: $231, $1852), respectively, p < 0.001]. Surgery and office-based procedures are associated with increased payments for BPH treatment. Although payments for surgery were more in total, surgical patients paid significantly less for BPH medications.
Chinese compound word inference through context and word-internal cues:

Lexical inference through reading is considered an important method for vocabulary building; however, empirical research has not consistently offered strong evidence of the application of lexical i...
Integrating substance use care into primary care for adolescents and young adults: Lessons learned

Abstract Background Substance use disorders are common chronic conditions that often begin and develop during adolescence and young adulthood, yet the delivery of primary care is not developmentally tailored for youth who use substances. Very few primary care–based substance use treatment programs exist in the United States for adolescents and young adults and no clear guidance is available about how to provide substance use treatment in primary care. Methods We conducted a retrospective evaluation from July 2016 to December 2018 of a newly established primary care–based, multidisciplinary, outpatient program for youth who use substances. Components of the program include primary care, addiction treatment, harm reduction, naloxone distribution, psychotherapy, recovery support, and navigation addressing social determinants of health. We report the following patient characteristics and outcomes: demographics; proportion with substance use and mental health diagnoses; receipt of medications for opioid use disorder; retention in care at three, six, nine, and 12 months; and re-engagement in medical care. Results From July 2016 through December 2018, 148 patients had at least one visit. Demographic characteristics included: median age 21 years; 40.5% female; 94.0% spoke primarily English; 18.3% Black, 14.9% Hispanic, and 60.8% white. One-third of patients (33.8%) were homeless or housing insecure. The most common substance use disorder was opioid use disorder (60.8%), followed by nicotine (37.2%), cannabis (20.9%), and alcohol (18.2%). Overall, 29.7% of patients had depression, 32.4% had anxiety disorder, and 18.9% had post-traumatic stress disorder. Retention in care was 29.7% at six months and 12.2% at 12 months. Among the 90 patients with OUD, 90.0% received medication for OUD, and 35.5% and 15.5% of patients with OUD were retained at six and 12 months, respectively. For patients lost to follow-up (no contact during a three-month period), the median time to re-engagement was 4.8 months, and 33.3% (37/111) of patients re-engaged. The most common reason for re-engagement was to access mental health treatment (59.5%) and primary care (51.4%). Conclusions Youth who sought care in a primary care–based substance use program presented most commonly with opioid, nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol use disorders. Co-morbid mental health diagnoses were common. While continuous retention at 12 months was low, one in three of the patients who fell out of care re-engaged. For youth receiving substance use care integrated into primary care, key components for pursing optimal retention in substance use treatment are a flexible model that anticipates the need for the treatment of mental health disorders and the use of re-engagement strategies.
The end justifies the me: Self-interest moderates the relationship between Dark Triad traits and utilitarian moral decisions

Abstract We examined the relationship between Dark Triad (DT) traits—specifically, Machiavellianism and subclinical psychopathy—and utilitarian moral decisions (i.e., promoting the greater good). Although previous studies have found relationships between DT traits and utilitarianism, past research may have confounded whether or not utilitarian choice options were self-interested. In light of the DT's association with selfish motivations, we hypothesized that whether a utilitarian choice option was self-interested would moderate the relationship between DT traits and ostensible utilitarianism. In an online experiment (N = 155), we manipulated the self-interest of utilitarian choice options in moral dilemmas. Consistent with hypotheses, Machiavellianism predicted more utilitarian choices and greater endorsement of those choices, but only for dilemmas in which utilitarianism was self-interested. These findings are consistent with past research, but also extend previous findings on utilitarian moral judgment.
A Call to the Profession: Cross-Cultural Competence and Learning from a Sister Profession

Cross-cultural competence has increased in applied professions, including occupational therapy, physical therapy, psychiatry, mental health counseling, and social work. Despite three decades of research and scholarship advocating the need for cross-cultural competence in TR/RT, it remains lacking. This paper is a call for the profession to do better. Based on (1) learning how American Counseling Association and the National Board of Certified Counselors have positioned cross-cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills as core competence in national and international practice, (2) examining cross-cultural research and scholarship in TR/RT, and (3) drawing from ATRA’s Higher Education Committee Task Force, this paper suggests specific recommendations to develop cross-cultural competence in TR/RT.
Diaphragmatic hernia associated with pregnancy

Abstract Among 13 cases of diaphragmatic hernia found in parous women during the last fourteen years at the University Hospitals, 1 woman died during parturition from strangulation of viscera in a left-sided diaphragmatic hernia. This patient had had 3 previous uncomplicated deliveries.
Measuring Forces in Lattice Polymer Simulations

Polymer equations of state, and polymer-mediated forces in brushes and colloidal suspensions are of great practical and fundamental interest. While molecular dynamics simulations permit direct measurement of forces, Monte Carlo (MC) methods present distinct computational and conceptual advantages. Since MC simulations sample the equilibrium configurational distribution, a force is given by the derivative of the free energy with respect to the relevant coordinate In continuous-space simulations this leads to the relatively straightforward task of determining a one-body density in an in-homogeneous fluid. But for lattice models, evaluating the corresponding finite difference calls for special measures. I describe a computational trick permitting determination of forces in lattice polymer simulations, review its application to the equation of state of polymer fluids and to polymer-induced forces in brushes and colloids, and present a new approach to constant-pressure simulations on the lattice.
Blogging as L2 Writing: A Case Study

Weblogs—personal online, web-based publications—have exploded on the internet scene in recent years. They are among the technologies indicating changes in the way information is created, managed, and exchanged. This study examined the use of a blog in an intermediate level Spanish class and its effect upon students. Could blogging provide an opportunity to help students become more actively immersed in a foreign language over the course of a semester? Would students write more using a blog than in traditional course? Would students feel more confident writing in a foreign language because they were writing weekly?
DAL82, a second gene required for induction of allantoin system gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Several highly inducible enzyme activities are required for the degradation of allantoin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Induction of these pathway enzymes has been shown to be regulated at transcription, and response to inducer is lost in dal81 and dal82/durM mutants. The similar phenotypes generated by dal81 and dal82 mutations prompted the question of whether they were allelic. We demonstrated that the DAL81 and DAL82 loci are distinct, unlinked genes situated on chromosomes IX and XIV. DAL82 gene expression did not respond to induction by the allantoin pathway inducer or to nitrogen catabolite repression. Expression was also not significantly affected by mutation of the dal80 locus. From the nucleotide sequence of the DAL82 gene, we deduced that it encodes a protein with a mass of 29,079 Da that may possess the structural motifs expected of a regulatory protein. This protein was shown to be required for the function mediated by the cis-acting upstream induction sequence situated in the 5'-flanking regions of the inducible allantoin pathway genes.
Controlled CO2 injection into heterogeneous geologic formations for improved solubility and residual trapping

[1] Geologic CO2 storage (GCS) has been proposed as a potentially viable climate change mitigation option. Among the trapping mechanisms known for permanent CO2 storage in saline aquifers, solubility and residual trapping are important for safe short-term entrapment. These storage mechanisms are hampered by density-driven upward CO2 movement that inhibits the lateral migration of the plume, leaving a large portion of the aquifer volume unexposed to CO2 and unavailable for storage. Heterogeneity of aquifer hydraulic properties and high horizontal/vertical hydraulic conductivity ratio of geologic formations are two competing mechanisms that can hinder upward CO2 migration. Postinjection displacement of free-phase CO2 is somewhat controlled by the heterogeneity in rock permeability and porosity distributions. In particular, low permeability shale layers that act as vertical flow barrier and high-permeability horizontal channels that form flow conduits can spread the CO2 plume laterally in the aquifer. In this paper, we consider CO2 storage in heterogeneous saline aquifers and propose controlled CO2 injection, based on existing knowledge of heterogeneity, to increase CO2 contact with brine and improve the solubility and residual trapping and the overall aquifer storage potential. We examine two optimization methods: directly maximizing the total stored gas in the aquifer, and maximizing the sweep efficiency of the CO2 flood to promote uniform displacement in all directions. We consider the effect of geologic uncertainty on the performance of the controlled injection schemes by using an ensemble of model realizations to represent the uncertainty in aquifer property distribution. We also show how a controlled injection can be used to mitigate the risk of leakage from potential pathways, such as an abandoned well, by restricting CO2 movement toward the leakage zone. Our results suggest that controlled injection can lead to substantial improvements in residual and dissolution trapping and can be used to divert a CO2 plume from approaching sensitive zones or leakage pathways.
“Designing for the web” revisited: a survey of informal and experienced web developers

We report a subset of findings from a survey of over 300 web developers – a mixture of professional and more casual developers – targeted at understanding the needs, problems and the processes that developers follow and the tools they use. The prototypical web developer from our sample is meticulous about the quality of the web sites she produces, considers usability issues but neglects accessibility concerns. Web developers have many similar interests regarding web applications or features such as authentication, databases, online surveys or forms. They value ease of use as the most important property of a web development tool but mention many other needs such as integration with other tools, strong code editing features, or WYSIWYG facilities. This report details findings regarding process, tools, quality control, and learning.
Genetic Analyses to Establish Captive Breeding Priorities for Endangered Snake River Sockeye Salmon

The plight of the Snake River sockeye salmon presents a challenging genetic puzzle for conservation biologists. Although the Snake River sockeye has been declared endangered, assessment of captive breeding strategies are complicated because a healthy non-migratory strain of O. nerka (kokanee) resides in Redfish Lake, Idaho—the same lake the anadromous fish return to for spawning. The migration of 1-year-old fish (outmigrants) from the lake each year and the observation of non-migratory fish spawning in areas previously used by the sockeye further complicate the issue. We estimated the relatedness of these strains by direct examination of their genetic similarity. Mixed DNA fingerprint analyses suggested that the outmigrants were more closely related to the anadromous sockeye than to the kokanee. Closer analysis using a probe, One-HO.8, to examine allele frequencies at a single locus revealed polymorphism in a number of O. nerka populations. Within the Redfish Lake populations this probe detected an allele present at 0.21 frequency in the kokanee (n = 43), 0.01 (n = 324) in the outmigrants, and absent among 13 anadromous fish. These results support a close genetic relationship of the outmigrants to the anadromous sockeye and the probable utility of the outmigrants in a captive breeding program to restore the anadromous strain. La amenaza que el salmon sockeye del rio Snake representa un rompecabezas genetico para biologos conservacionistas. Aunque esta especie ha sido declarada en peligro, la evaluacion de estrategias de reproduccion en cautiverio son complicadas puesto que una poblacion saludable de Oncorhynchus nerka (kokanee) reside en el lago Redfish, Idaho - el mismo lago al cual los peces anadromos retornan para desovar. La migracion de peces de un ano de edad (emigrantes) del lago cada ano y la observacion de desoves de peces no-migratorios en areas previamente usadas por el sockeye complican aun mas este asunto. Estimamos la relacion entre grupos examinando directamente su similitud genetica. Analisis de huellas de DNA sugieren que los emigrantes estuvieron mas cercanos a los sockeye anadromos que a los kokanee. Un analisis mas cercano, utilizando la prueba uno-HO.8, para examinar frecuencias de alelos en un solo locus revela polimorfismo en un numero de problaciones de O. nerka. Dentro de las poblaciones del lago, esta prueba detecta un alelo presente a la frecuencia 0.21 en kokanee (n = 43), 0.01 (n = 324) en los emigrantes y ausencia en 13 peces anadromos. Estos resultados soportan una relacion genetica cercana de los emigrantes con el anadromo sockeye y la probable utilidad de los emigrantes en un programa de reproduccion en cautiverio para restablecer el grupo anadromo.
Studies on the nature of dengue viruses. III. RNA synthesis in cells infected with type 2 dengue virus.

Abstract Infection of KB cells with type 2 dengue virus results in stimulation of “actinomycin D-resistant” RNA synthesis. The newly synthesized intracellular RNA produces plaques on monolayers of BHK21 cells as does RNA extracted from virus. The intracellular RNA is composed predominantly of two species with sedimentation coefficients of 45 S and 20 S. An intermediate (26 S) form may be present occasionally, but then only in barely detectable amounts. The 45 S species corresponds to viral RNA. The 20 S RNA is resistant to RNase treatment; after denaturation by dimethylsulfoxide its sedimentation coefficient changes to about 45 S. It is concluded that the 20 S RNA is a double-stranded replicative form. If infected cells are exposed to 32 P inorganic phosphate early in the viral growth cycle, the base composition of the labeled 20 S RNA approaches that expected for a double-stranded RNA. If the 32 P labeling is done at later periods, however, the labeled 20 S base composition is similar to that of the 45 S RNA. It is concluded that both strands of the 20 S RNA are synthesized in the early period after infection, whereas at later times only the positive or viral strand is synthesized.
Gerald L. Shook (1948–2011)

We begin our careers after graduate school with some sort of plan by which we mean to accomplish great things for our field. As our careers progress, our plans adjust to unfolding realities, and our original list of expected accomplishments becomes a more manageable size. I do not know what career objectives Jerry Shook developed during his graduate school years, but he certainly could not have forecast the path he would take, nor the impact he would have on his chosen field.
Corporate Reorganization as Corporate Reinvention: Borders and Blockbuster in Chapter 11

At its heart, Chapter 11 is supposed to be about giving struggling businesses a new beginning, predicated on the idea that 'a failing business can be reshaped into a successful operation . . . a predictable creation from a people whose majority religion embraces the idea of life from death and whose central myth is the pioneer making a fresh start on the boundless prairie.' However, major Chapter 11 cases filed in the past few months, and the subsequent discussions they provoked, raise a new question to peruse: how new should the new beginning be - how fresh the fresh start?
Could Middle Ordovician Carbonate Shelf Depositional Patterns in Appalachian Orogene Indicate Collision Along an Irregular Continental Margin?: ABSTRACT

Analysis of Lower to Middle Ordovician carbonate successions and the conodonts they contain from Tennessee to New York show that (1) in the northern Great Valley, strike-parallel disconformable contacts occur between Lower and Middle Ordovician and within Middle Ordovician carbonate units, (2) apparent maximum extent of unconformities along tectonic promontories, and (3) relatively rapid subsidence and transgression at promontories. Diachronous early Paleozoic collisional events at an irregular continental margin might explain these observations. Initial Taconic collisions may have occurred at the Virginia promontory resulting in uplift and erosion of the Knox/Beekmantown shelf in Whiterockian time followed by rapid subsidence and transgression. Uplift and erosion, possib y related to continued convergence migrated southwest and at least as far northeast as Lexington, Virginia; beyond Lexington, shelf deposition continued relatively uninterrupted on the east side of the Great Valley. Collision at the New York Promontory could have produced the two pre-Blackriverian and pre-Rocklandian Middle Ordovician intervals of uplift and erosion on the Beekmantown shelf. These unconformities are greatest near Newburgh, New York, and decrease in magnitude northeastward and southwestward. West of Reading, Pennsylvania, in the Great Valley, carbonate shelf deposition remained virtually continuous. Thus between Reading and Lexington, in the Pennsylvania reentrant, continuous deposition during early Paleozoic collisions suggests that an irregular outline of the continenta margin may have controlled patterns of sedimentation during collision tectonics. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1171------------
The uptake of glucose by the skin of Rana pipiens

Abstract 1. 1. The skin of Rana pipiens can absorb glucose from the surrounding medium in an in vivo preparation. 2. 2. This uptake of glucose occurs against a gradient and is blocked by phloridzin. 3. 3. The uptake of glucose may be important in the overall carbohydrate needs of the frog.
OH Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Velocity Measurements in a Supersonic Combustor

Quantitative velocity measurements have been made in a hydrogenlair reacting flow in a supersonic combustor model. These measurements were made with an unswept ramp fuel injector in a clean-air, electrically heated supersonic combustion tunnel. A nonintrusive optical velocity measurement technique based on OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH PLIF) has been used for this study. A narrow line-width, tunable, pulse-amplified, doubled-dye uv beam was used to resolve an OH spectral line by monitoring the laser-induced fluorescence at every point in the measurement plane. The Doppler-shifted line center was measured with a counterpropagating scheme to eliminate collisional impact shifts. Velocity fields were measured in five planes parallel to the injector wall. The maximum streamwise component is 700-800 m/s and the transverse spreading component is much smaller compared to the streamwise component. These measurements have an uncertainty of ±6-8% in flow regions with the maximum velocity. The spatial resolution and accuracy of these measurements provide a unique benchmark data set (which also includes OH PLIF absolute concentration and temperature) for computational fluid dynamics validation of reacting supersonic combustion flows.
LASER TISSUE SOLDERING FOR HYPOSPADIAS REPAIR:: RESULTS OF A CONTROLLED PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL

Purpose: Laser tissue soldering has been shown to provide safe and effective tissue closure by creating an immediate leak-free anastomosis with minimal scar formation. We compared the results of laser tissue soldering and conventional suturing for hyposadias repair.Materials and Methods: A consecutive group of 138 boys 4 months to 8 years old (mean age 15 months) was divided into a standard suturing (84) and a sutureless laser (54) hypospadias repair group. Urethral repair was defined as simple (Thiersch-Duplay or Snodgrass) and complex (onlay island flap or tube) in 101 and 37 cases, respectively. Laser tissue soldering was performed with 50% human albumin solder doped with 2.5 mg./ml. indocyanine green dye using an 808 nm. diode laser at 0.5 W. In the laser group sutures were used for tissue alignment only. At surgery neourethral and penile length, operative time for neourethral construction and the number of sutures or throws were measured. Postoperatively patients were examined for complications of wo...
Dynamic resistivity of a two-dimensional electron gas with electric modulation

We explore anomalies in the ac transport or produced by electromagnetic wave radiation on the quantum magnetotransport (QMT) coefficients of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) with electrostatic modulation. An applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the 2DES. The QMT coefficients are determined by the scattering produced by the electrostatic modulation potential, the sub-Landau level eigenstates arising from the formation of new magnetic Brillouin zones, and the ratio of the frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ of the electromagnetic radiation to the cyclotron frequency. For strong modulation, it is found that the Hall resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xy}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is quenched and becomes negative for low magnetic fields. The magnetic field range over which ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xy}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is quenched and negative increases as the frequency is increased. The longitudinal resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xx}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ has been observed experimentally to have a double peak structure (commensurability of the orbits with the lattice) for strong modulation when $\ensuremath{\omega}=0$. In the presence of electromagnetic wave excitation, we find that the double peaks are shifted to a higher magnetic field and the resistivity is reduced.
POS weighted TF-IDF algorithm and its application for an MOOC search engine

Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) has been one of the most highly used information retrieval methods for many years. Although there are several variants of TF-IDF optimizing for solving various problems, very few of them considered the properties of the query terms themselves. We found that there could be a big potential for improvement. When people type out a query, usually the verbs and the nouns are the primary keywords that directly define the query. The adjectives and adverbs are generally the secondary keywords, which describe the query more accurately. Other terms might not be as important as the terms just mentioned and could be the tertiary keywords. Based on this fact, this paper proposes an algorithm improved upon the original TF-IDF algorithm — POS Weighted TF-IDF algorithm. This algorithm takes every query term's part of speech (POS) into account and assigns each query term frequency a different weight value according to the POS of that term. Based on the POS Weighted TF-IDF Algorithm, we developed COURSES, a massive open online courses (MOOC) search engine, and achieved very positive results, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Size-Dependent Activity of Palladium Nanoparticles for Oxygen Electroreduction in Alkaline Solutions

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of palladium particle size on catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in alkaline solutions. Carbon-supported palladium catalysts with average Pd particle sizes from 3 to 16.7 nm were obtained by treating a 20% Pd/C catalyst in a H 2 /N 2 gas at elevated temperatures from 300 to 600°C, respectively. The specific activity of the Pd/C catalysts for the ORRs, described by a kinetic ORR current (i k ) normalized to the Pd active surface area, was found to increase continuously by a factor of about 3 with increased particle size from 3 to 16.7 nm without reaching a maximum. The mass activity increased by a factor of 1.3 when Pd particle size increased from 3 to 5 nm and then decreased with increased Pd particle size. The hydrogen peroxide yield on the Pd/C catalysts was negligible, especially in the mixed kinetic-diffusion controlled region, indicating that the four-electron transfer path is dominant for the ORR on the Pd/C in alkaline solutions.
Men in obstetrical nursing: perceptions of the role.

Purpose To explore the role of men as obstetrical nurses. Design Exploratory cross sectional survey using structured and open-ended questions. Sample Three groups: 599 men licensed as Registered Nurses by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 337 District I AWHONN members, and 130 pregnant women. Analysis Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression were performed for the AWHONN and pregnant women groups. Descriptive and narrative summaries for the men who were Registered Nurses. Results Seventy-three percent of AWHONN members had positive attitudes toward men in obstetric nursing. The experience of having worked with men in obstetrical nursing roles was the most significant predictor of positive perceptions by AWHONN members. Nurses in the positions of clinical nurse specialists or nurse educators in academia had more negative perceptions of men in this specialty. No predictor variables reached significance for the group of pregnant women. Only 6.8% of the male RNs questioned had ever worked in the specialty, and most reported a lack of interest in working in the specialty of obstetrics. Clinical implications Findings suggest that both clinical and academic settings may need to adopt more nontraditional recruitment and teaching strategies to encourage men to pursue this specialty.
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of the procaryotic symbiont of a hydrothermal vent tube worm: kinetics, activity and gene hybridization

The giant tube worm, Riftia pachyptila, which is abundant at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, contains an extremely high density of bacterial symbionts in a specialized ‘trophosome’ tissue. Although the symbiont has not been cultured, enzymatic studies by others indicate that the symbiont is capable of hydrogen-sulfide- or sulfur-based lithoautotrophy and fixes CO2 via the Calvin-Benson cycle. Here we report additional findings for a specimen from the Guaymas Basin vent site (Gulf of California, 2000 m). Under assay conditions where activity was proportional to cell-free extract concentration, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) activity was 6.3 nmol CO2/mg protein per min (30°C). This is within the range observed for non-CO2 limited cultures of sulfur bacteria. The activity vs. temperature profile suggests that the symbiont is a mesophile and not a thermophile. A substrate saturation curve shows an apparent Km (with respect to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate) of 65 μM which is considerably lower than the single previous report for a sulfur bacterial symbiont. Strong hybridization was detected between a gene probe derived from the RuBisCO large subunit gene of Anacystis nidulans and Riftia trophosome DNA. A Rhodospirillum rubrum-derived probe also showed hybridization with the same restriction fragments of symbiont DNA.
Activation of Plant Nod-like Receptors: How Indirect Can It Be?

Pioneering plant research has shown that many Nod-like receptors (NLRs) detect pathogens indirectly via recognizing modifications of other host proteins. In this issue, two groups show that the RPM1 NLR is activated by phosphorylation of the host protein RIN4, probably resulting from activation of a host kinase by pathogen effectors.
Long- vs. short-term performance perspectives of Western European, Japanese, and U.S. countries: where do they lie?

Abstract This paper examines the differences between Eastern and Western companies regarding long- vs. short-term orientations. Utilizing Hofstede’s long-term orientation index, this study scrutinizes both long- and short-term performance measurements for companies from Western Europe, Japan, and the United States. The findings suggest that Western European companies place an equally higher priority on both long- and short-term measures of performance compared to companies from Japan and the United States. Additionally, Japanese companies were postulated by the literature to employ a long-term orientation toward company performance greater than U.S. companies. However, our results do not support this statement, as U.S. and Japanese companies were not statistically significantly different.
Disparities in the Educational Success of Immigrants: An Assessment of the Immigrant Effect for Asians and Latinos

This study employs nationally representative data to determine how immigrants from the largest immigrant groups within the United States (i.e., Asians and Latinos) compare to whites on a wide range of educational outcomes. The authors also examine the extent to which socioeconomic background and immigrant characteristics explain racial/ethnic difference in academic outcomes. In addition, this study includes analyses that omit whites and compare immigrants to their nonimmigrant counterparts. Previous studies typically use whites as a basis for comparison, which the authors argue may not be appropriate for isolating the immigrant effect on scholastic outcomes. Findings show Asian immigrants have better educational outcomes than whites, which is accounted for by their immigrant characteristics. In contrast, Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrants have lower educational outcomes than whites, most of which is explained by socioeconomic background. Furthermore, findings illustrate the importance of employing the pr...
Should we vigorously try to contain and control methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

Objective: To review practices currently used to control transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals, determine the frequency of their use, and discuss the indications for implementing such measures. Design: A questionnaire survey to determine how commonly selected control practices are used, and a literature review of the efficacy of control practices. Participants: Two hundred fifty-six of 360 hospital-based members fo the Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America, Inc. (SHEA) completed the survey questionnaire. Result: Many different combinations of surveillance and control measures are used by hospitals with MRSA. Nine percent of hospitals stated that no special measures were used to control MRSA. The efficacy of commonly used control measures has not been established by controlled trials. Conclusions: Implementing control measures is warranted when MRSA causes a high incidence of serious nosocomial infections, and is desirable when MRSA has been newly introduced into a hospital or into an intensive care unit, or when MRSA accounts for more than 10% of nosocomial staphylococcal isolates. While the value of some practices is well established, measures such as routinely attempting to eradicate carriage of MRSA by colonized patients and personnel require further evaluation.
Different trajectories to undergraduate literacy development: Student experiences and texts

This presentation draws on data from a four-year longitudinal study of undergraduate literacy development at an English-medium university in Qatar. While previous studies have documented literacy development at the primary and secondary school levels (Christie & Derewianka, 2010, Coffin, 2006) and much has been researched about the nature of writing genres at the graduate and professional levels (Hyland, 2009, Swales, 1990, 2004), there is a limited body of research on writing at the undergraduate level (Ravelli & Ellis, 2005). The limited work at this level has been either largely qualitative (Leki, 2007, Sternglass, 1997) or primarily text-based (Byrnes, 2010, Colombi, 2002, Nessi, 2009, 2011, North, 2005, Woodward-Kron, 2002, 2005, 2008). Recently, drawing on systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and genre pedagogy, the work of Dreyfus (2013), and Humphrey and Hao (2013) has begun to shed light on the nature of disciplinary writing and writing development at the undergraduate level. However, there is m...
Cochlear implants in Waardenburg syndrome.

Objective: Waardenburg syndrome is an autosomal-dominant syndrome characterized by dystopia canthorum, hyperplasia of the eyebrows, heterochromia irides, a white forelock, and sensorineural hearing loss in 20% to 55% of patients. This patient population accounts for approximately 2% of congenitally deaf children. The purpose of this retrospective case review was to describe the outcomes for those children with Waardenburg syndrome who have undergone cochlear implantation. Methods: Pediatric cochlear implant recipients with documented evidence of Waardenburg syndrome underwent retrospective case review. All patients received their cochlear implants at the study institution followed by outpatient auditory habilitation. Charts were reviewed for etiology and duration of deafness, age at time of cochlear implantation, perioperative complications, duration of use, and performance outcomes. Results of standard tests batteries for speech perception and production administered as a part of the patients' auditory habilitation were reviewed. Results: Seven patients with Waardenburg syndrome and cochlear implants were identified. The average age at implantation was 37 months (range, 18–64 months) and the average duration of use was 69 months (range, 12–143 months). All of these patients are active users of their devices and perform very well after implantation. There were no major complications in this small group of patients. Conclusions: Children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss without other comorbidities (e.g., developmental delay, inner ear malformations) perform well when they receive cochlear implantation and auditory habilitation. Patients with Waardenburg syndrome can be expected to have above-average performance after cochlear implantation.
Cache design of a sub-micron CMOS system/370

An innovative cache accessing scheme based on high MRU (most recently used) hit ratio [1] is proposed for the design of a one-cycle cache in a CMOS implementation of System/370. It is shown that with this scheme the cache access time is reduced by 30 ~ 35% and the performance is within 4% of a true one-cycle cache. This cache scheme is proposed to be used in a VLSI System/370, which is organized to achieve high performance by taking advantage of the performance and integration level of an advanced CMOS technology with half-micron channel length [2]. Decisions on the system partition are based on technology limitations, performance considerations and future extendability. Design decisions on various aspects of the cache organization are based on trace simulations for both UP (uniprocessor) and MP (multiprocessor) configurations.
A General Finite Difference Technique for the Compressible Flow in the Meridional Plane of Centrifugal Turbomachinery

There has been an increased concentration of effort recently in the understanding of the complex flow in centrifugal turbomachines, especially industrial machines. Although it is impossible at this time, to model all the phenomena existing in a real machine, it is felt that a systematic approach which makes use of recent advances in computational fluid dynamics, and extends these as further developments occur, will significantly improve our understanding of the flow, and our ability to predict performance and improve efficiency. In this paper, a new general finite difference technique for solving the flow field in the hub-to-shroud plane of any component of a centrifugal turbomachine is described. The technique uses a quasi-orthogonal finite-difference net, and solves the resulting system of equations using a matrix method. Thus the technique offers a stable, accurate computational method, combined with a fixed grid which may be simply applied to the most complex annular passage shape. The results for three numerical examples are presented, a radial to axial inlet, a vaneless radial diffuser and an interstage return bend.Copyright © 1975 by ASME
Common radiographic imaging modalities fail to accurately predict capitate morphology

Background There are three morphologies of the capitate based on its lunate and scaphoid articulations: flat, spherical, and V-shaped. Following a proximal row carpectomy (PRC), the capitate articulates with the lunate facet of the radius, altering contact biomechanics at the radiocarpal joint. Therefore, capitate morphology may influence contact pressures at the capitolunate articulation and influence clinical outcomes after PRC. However, it remains unclear which diagnostic imaging technique most reliably distinguishes between capitate morphologies.
Multiplication of microorganisms in an evaporative air cooler and possible indoor air contamination

Evaporative air coolers (EACs) cool and humidify hot, dry, outdoor air by pulling it through pads that are wetted continuously by recirculated water. An EAC in a single-family house was examined for three summer months, during which the amount of dissolved solids in the sump water rose to ten times the level in the chlorinated tap water supply. Although the concentration of bacteria in the tap water was always <10 colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu.mL), the concentration in the cooler water reached 1 × 105cfu/mL in the ninth week. Indoors and outdoors, the concentrations of airborne microorganisms were similar on individual days, but throughout the study they varied from 102 to 104 cfu/m3 for bacteria, and from 102 to ≥103 cfu/m3 for fungi. When the EAC was not operating, the concentration of airbone microorganisms tended to be higher indoors than outdoors. When operating, the cooler introduced large volumes of outdoor air into the house and there was less difference between the indoor and the outdoor microbiological air quality. Although the pads of the EAC appeared to filter microoganisms from the outdoor air, the types of bacteria that predominated in the sump water were more abundant in the indoor air, and several types of bacteria and fungi were found only in the sump water and in the indoor air.