cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood loss at the time of first-trimester surgical abortion in anticoagulated women

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to compare blood loss resulting from surgical termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks of gestation between women receiving anticoagulation therapy and healthy controls. Study design Women using heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin or warfarin requesting surgical abortion were enrolled and prospectively matched with nonanticoagulated controls. The primary outcome was procedural blood loss. Additional outcomes included postprocedure blood loss (prior to discharge and 7 days following the procedure using standardized feminine hygiene products) and hemoglobin change (preoperative vs. Postoperative Day 1). Results Four anticoagulated subjects and six control subjects were included in the analysis. The median blood loss at the time of the procedure was 70 mL (range 6–187) for the anticoagulated group and 22.5 mL (range 10–100) for the control group (p=.33). The median blood loss in the postoperative period prior to discharge was 10.5 mL (range 1–11) for the anticoagulated group and 5.5 mL (range 2–35.4) for the control group (p=.82). There were no differences in use of hygiene products or mean hemoglobin change between groups. No interventions for bleeding were necessary at the time of the procedure. Conclusions Anticoagulated women appear to have an increase in blood loss during and immediately following first trimester surgical abortion as compared to healthy controls. However, this increase does not appear to be clinically significant.
Blackness and experience in omnivorous cultural consumption: Evidence from the tourism of capoeira in Salvador, Brazil

Abstract This paper shows how blackness and experience are important aspects of cosmopolitan omnivorous consumption with a case study of capoeira—a Brazilian martial art and popular tourist attraction in Brazil. Participant observation data reveal how interactions between foreign tourists and Brazilian producers associated capoeira objects with symbols of blackness recognizable to Westerners as authentic—specifically Africa, slavery, and the black male body. Meanings preferred by cultural omnivores—namely non-commercial, authentic, and experiential consumption—crystallized around these symbols of blackness. Interactions ascribed this network of symbols and meanings to dark skin-toned Brazilian bodies, excluding lighter skin-toned Brazilians. Tourists consumed these meanings through physical interaction with these bodies. Findings contribute to understanding of cosmopolitan omnivorous consumption, experiential consumption, the social construction of blackness, and mechanisms through which marginalized symbols become valorized.
Endocrine Effects of Anorexia Nervosa

A key feature of anorexia nervosa, a disease primarily psychiatric in origin, is chronic starvation, which results in profound neuroendocrine dysregulation, including hypogonadism, relative growth hormone resistance, and hypercortisolemia. A recent area of investigation is appetite hormone dysregulation. Whether such dysregulation is compensatory or plays a role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa is incompletely understood. The primary therapy for anorexia remains psychiatric, and endocrine abnormalities tend to improve with weight restoration, although residual endocrine dysfunction can occur. In addition, therapies directed at specific complications have been a particular focus of research.
Differential effects of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonism in the ventral respiratory group

This study tested the hypothesis that selective antagonism of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors within the ventral respiratory group (VRG) would induce changes in both respiratory rhythm and pattern. In the paralyzed, decerebrate, vagotomized and ventilated cat, baseline values for respiratory (Ttot), inspiratory (Ti), and expiratory (Te) durations and peak integrated phrenic nerve (integralPN) amplitude were established. Microinjection of the non-NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor antagonist NBQX (2, 3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline) into rostral/inspiratory-modulated (iVRG) or caudal/expiratory-modulated VRG elicited an immediate apnea. When PN activity resumed, Ttot was significantly decreased, and integralPN amplitude was attenuated. NMDA receptor antagonism with microinjections of AP5 (2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid) into iVRG decreased Te for more than 30 min. NMDA receptor antagonism in inspiratory/expiratory-modulated VRG (level of obex, transitional VRG) yielded either apnea or a significant reduction in Ttot, Ti and integralPN amplitude. Our data suggest that endogenous EAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission throughout the VRG is active in the determination of both respiratory timing and pattern. Our data further suggest that tVRG serves a unique function within the respiratory network.
Intergenerational Acculturation Conflict and Korean American Parents’ Depression Symptoms

This study examined the links between intergenerational acculturation conflict and depression symptoms in 176 Korean American parents of children between the ages of 5 and 10. Approximately, 29% of fathers and 28% of mothers reported increased depression symptoms, which were related to parent-child acculturation conflict. Specific situations related to parental depression symptoms included conflicts over the child's social life, comparing the child with others, expressions of love, the importance of saving face, and proper Korean child's behavior. These findings can be used to develop a family intervention program to decrease parental depression symptoms by reducing parent-child acculturation conflict.
A novel organorhodium complex: the structure of the product of the reaction of Rh(PPh3)2(PPh2C6H4) with two molecules of diphenylacetylene

Abstract On the basis of an X-ray structural study it is shown that the product of the reaction of Rh(PPh3)2(PPh2C6H4) (Ph=phenyl) with two molecules of diphenylacetylene represents a novel molecular system. The product has the composition Rh(PPh3)(PPh2-C6H4C4Ph4) and may be named 5,5,7,8,9,10-hexaphenyl-6-(triphenylphosphine)-5,6-dihydro-5-phospha-6-rhodabenzocyclooctene. The coordination about the Rh atom is distorted square-planar. The P of the PPh3 group is at one coordination site. The P of the PPh2C6H4X is at a second coordination site. The X group ortho to P on the C6H4 ring has formal composition C4Ph4 and is coordinated to the Rh in a bidentate manner via both a π and a σ bond, thus completing the coordination. The material crystallizes as a 1/1 toluene complex with four formula units in space group C2h5 -P21/n of the monoclinic system in a cell of dimensions a=20.262(7), b = 14.535(5), c = 18.476(8)A, β = 91.54(2)°. The final conventional R factor is 0.049 for the 2019 X-ray data collected by counter methods.
Skin effect modeling of interconnects using the Laguerre-FDTD scheme

The Laguerre-FDTD scheme is unconditionally stable for transient electromagnetic simulation and is ideally suited for modeling multi-scale structures such as packaging and interconnects. In this work, skin effect is incorporated into Laguerre-FDTD to ensure fast simulation speed and high accuracy with less dense mesh applied. The skin effect is modeled by applying the surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC) on the interface of conductor and dielectric material. A method of transferring the time domain convolution term in SIBC formulation into Laguerre domain is proposed. Results from microstrip and TSV structures have been presented which show good calculation accuracy and efficiency of the SIBC incorporated Laguerre-FDTD method.
Oxidative metabolism of hydralazine. Evidence for nitrogen centered radicals formation.

Abstract The oxidative metabolism of hydralazine, a hydrazine-containing hypotensive drug, has been studied using a spin-trapping technique. In the presence of Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , hydralazine rapidly forms a nitrogen-centered-DMPO adduct with a N = 15.0G, a β H = 16.7G and a β N = 2.55G. While catalase has a very small inhibitory effect, superoxide dismutase completely inhibits the formation of the DMPO adduct. Mass spectral analysis of the adduct indicates that the hydralazyl radical is trapped with DMPO. Human red blood cells also catalyze the formation of a nitrogen-centered-DMPO adduct, a N = 15.9G, a β H = 19.4G and a β N = 1.7G, which is different than that obtained with metal ions. DMPO-H adduct is also formed in the red cells from hydralazine.
Conformational studies of the duplex d-(CCAAAAATTTCC).d-(GGAAATTTTTGG) containing a (dA)5 tract using two-dimensional 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy.

A variety of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) techniques were utilized for structural studies of the dodecadeoxy-nucleotide duplex d-(CCAAAAATTTCC)·d-(GGAAATTTTTGG). Overall, the duplex was found to adopt a conformation of the B-DNA type. Direct measurement of 1 H- 1 H coupling constants of the deoxyribose rings and comparison of nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) involving characteristic intra- and inter-nucleotide proton-proton connectivities indicate that the sugar rings are all in predominantly C2′- endo /S-type conformation. The appearance of NOEs between adenine 2H and sugar l'H resonances indicates a narrowing of the minor groove at the 3′ end of the (dA) n tracts. Several lines of evidence indicate that a conformational change in the DNA duplex is introduced by the (dA) 5 tract, in support of the junction model for curved DNA. The results are compared with previous structural studies of the evidence for curvature in duplex DNA containing (dA) n tracts.
Lower bounds for 2-dimensional range counting

Proving lower bounds for range queries has been an active topic of research since the late 70s, but so far nearly all results have been limited to the (rather restrictive) semigroup model. We consider one of the most basic range problem, orthogonal range counting in two dimensions, and show almost optimal bounds in the group model and the (holy grail) cell-probe model.Specifically, we show the following bounds, which were known in the semigroup model, but are major improvements in the more general models:* In the group and cell-probe models, a static data structure of size n lgO(1) n requires Omega(lg n lglg n) time per query. This is an exponential improvement over previous bounds, and matches known upper bounds.* In the group model, a dynamic data structure takes time Omega((lg n lglg n)2) per operation. This is close to the O(lg2 n) upper bound, where as the previous lower bound was Omega(lg n).Proving such (static and dynamic) bounds in the group model has been regarded as an important challenge at least since [Fredman, JACM 1982] and [Chazelle, FOCS 1986].
Investigation of thermal recovery behavior in hydrogen-implanted SrTiO3 using high energy ion beam techniques

Abstract Damage accumulation, recovery process, and the influence of hydrogen on the recovery process have been investigated in single crystal SrTiO3 irradiated with low-energy (40 keV) H+ using in-situ hydrogen nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling (RBS/C) techniques. Samples were irradiated at a temperature of 120 K with ion fluences of 5.0×1016 and 1.0×1017 H+/cm2. For annealing temperatures up to ∼470 K , isochronal annealing results indicate increasing disorder on the Sr, Ti, and O sublattices with temperature in the vicinity of the implanted hydrogen for low fluences of 5.0×1016 H+/cm2. Annealing this sample above 570 K, resulted in the cleavage of the entire irradiated surface. On-the-other-hand, high-temperature isochronal annealing results for 1.0×1017 H+/cm2 fluence show an increase in the backscattering yield across the penetration depth of the implant hydrogen due to the formation of hydrogen blisters.
Potassium activity and changes in glial and neuronal membrane potentials during initiation and spread of afterdischarge in cerebral cortex of cat

Abstract Trains of electrical stimuli of increasing intensity were applied to the surface of the anterior suprasylvian gyrus to produce afterdischarges (AD) that remained localized or spread to a recording site 2 cm posteriorly in the same gyrus. The local afterdischarge was associated with a negative steady potential (SP) shift and increases in [K+]0 that were maximal at or near the surface and gradually decreased in magnitude at deeper layers of the cortex. During spreading AD, recordings at the stimulus site showed a secondary increase in both the SP shift and [K+]0 at about 400 to 1400 μm below the cortical surface. As the AD invaded the distant recording site it was associated with a comparable negative SP shift and increase in [K+]o. Neither the appearance of local AD nor its spread to the distant recording site were contingent upon critical elevations of [K+]0. During secondary increases in [K+]o glial depolarizations were less than would be predicted if the membrane potential were determined solely by changes in the ratio of intra- to extracellular [K+]. Smaller deviations from the Nernst equation also occurred during the repolarizing phase of glial depolarization produced by weaker stimuli that did not produce a secondary increase in [K+]0. Only immediately after the stimulus train did the relationship between glial depolarization and [K+]0 approach the expected slope of a K+ electrode. Simultaneous intracellular recording of neurons and [K+]0 did not show an increase in neuronal firing rate or membrane depolarization to account for the additional increase in [K+]0 during spreading AD. The possible sources of the secondary increase in [K+]0 and the significance of the failure of glia to depolarize to levels predicted by the Nernst equation are discussed.
Liming acid forest soils with flue gas desulfurization by-product: growth of Northern red oak and leachate water quality

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product is created when a dolomitic lime [CaMg(CO3)2] is used to remove SO2 during the burning of high sulfur coal in electricity generating power plants. This study evaluated growth of Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in an acid forest soil (Rayne silt loam—a fine loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludult) and water leachate quality when FGD by-product was applied topically or mixed within the A horizon at rates equivalent to 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 times the soil’s lime requirement. Soils were leached with deionized water on a monthly basis and the leachate samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, P, S, B and metals (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, Mg, Pb, Ti and Zn). Tree growth significantly increased (p⩽0.05) when soil was treated with FGD and the greatest growth (75% increase over the untreated control) occurred when FGD was applied at 1.5 times the lime requirement rate. Boron toxicity symptoms were observed in plant tissue when FGD by-product was applied at two times (or higher) the lime requirement rate. Sulfur concentration increased from less than 10 mg l−1 (control soil) to 234 mg l−1 (soil treated with FGD at 2.5 times the lime requirement) in the leachate four months after treatment. Boron also approached toxicity concentrations (≈l mg l−1) in the leachate from soil treated at the highest rate during the initial leachings, but concentrations tended to decline with time. Applying FGD by-product onto acid forest soils has the potential to provide growth benefit to a commercially important tree species (red oak) but care will need to be taken to avoid using FGD materials that may release toxic levels of B.
Wiener's “Genius Project”

Norbert Wiener, the inventor of cybernetics, was sidelined by the U.S. government as a powerful critic of how that science was being used. His deep concerns about how the social sciences, which he considered to be a part of cybernetics, were deployed to assault the Cold War population were by-and-Iarge silenced. His worries about the massive disruptions ahead, driven by how automation would displace workers, were based on his personal observation that very few were willing to think through the social impact of technology. As a result, he organized what he called the “Genius Project” to provide historic guidance to those who might return to these concerns in some future renaissance.
Hormonal regulation of penile erection in castrated male rats

Abstract The effects of various androgen agonists and antagonists on the restoration of penile erection in long-term castrated male rats were investigated. Erections were evaluated in spinally intact animals held in a supine position with the penile sheath retracted. Mating behavior was measured by placing the male in an observation arena with a receptive female. Both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were very effective in restoring penile erections. Testosterone was also effective in restoring mating behavior, but DHT was totally ineffective. Estradiol was incapable of restoring erections but was effective in stimulating mounting behavior. The non-steroidal antiandrogen flutamide inhibited the testosterone-induced restoration of penile erections, when administered alone, it had a slight excitatory effect. The latency for restoration of erections by testosterone was quite rapid, with a substantial increase within 24 hr. It is suggested that: (1) the androgen-induced restoration of penile erection derives more from neural changes than growth of somatic tissues; and (2) the neural elements regulating erection demonstrate different response characteristics to various hormones than those regulating mounting.
Race, beauty, and the tangled knot of a guilty pleasure

Recent feminist theory has attempted to bring considerations of women’s agency into analyses of the meaning and consequence of beauty norms in women’s lives. This article argues that these works ha...
The spatial ventricular gradient during alterations in the ventricular activation pathway

Abstract The spatial ventricular gradient was obtained from 71 ECG records exhibiting both normal sinus beats (NSB) and premature ventricular contractions (PVC). The difference in gradients between normal and extra beats was compared statistically with beat-to-beat variability of normal sinus rhythm. A significant difference was found, and Wilson's hypothesis on the constancy of the ventricular gradient in spite of changes in the ventricular activation pathway could be rejected. Two different corrected orthogonal lead systems were used in order to minimize the effect that a particular lead design might have had upon results. Methods for obtaining ECG time integrals were studied for accuracy and consistency. In planimetric determinations the width of records was found to influence results considerably. Digital or analog computations were found to be a preferable procedure for quantitative applications. Furthermore, the averaging of time integrals over at least one respiratory cycle was found to be necessary in order to eliminate beat-to-beat variability of the ventricular gradient. Since methods for obtaining ECG time integrals were found to be very critical, the question was raised whether simpler ECG measurements, such as maximal QRS vectors, are not preferable for clinical use.
Seropositivity for NT5c1A antibody in sporadic inclusion body myositis predicts more severe motor, bulbar and respiratory involvement

Objectives To explore phenotypic differences between individuals with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) who are seropositive for the NT5c1A antibody compared with those who are seronegative. Methods Cross-sectional clinical, serological and functional analysis in 25 consecutive participants with sIBM. Results All participants met criteria for clinically defined or probable sIBM. 18 of 25 participants with sIBM (72%) were seropositive for the NT5c1A antibody. No differences between median age and duration of illness between the two groups were seen. Females have higher odds of being seropositive (OR=2.30). Participants with seropositive sIBM took significantly longer to get up and stand (p=0.012). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of distance covered on a 6 min walk. Seropositive participants were more likely to require assistive devices such as a walker or wheelchair for mobility (OR=23.00; p=0.007). A number of secondary (exploratory) outcomes were assessed. NT5c1A seropositive sIBM cases had lower total Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score and MRC sum score on the right (p=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Participants with the NT5c1A antibody were significantly more likely to have symptoms of dysphagia (OR=10.67; p=0.03) and reduced forced vital capacity (p=0.005). Facial weakness occurred in 50% of seropositive participants while it was only seen in 14% of seronegative participants. Conclusions Even though the small sample size limits definite conclusions, our cross-sectional study showed seropositivity to the NT5c1A antibody is associated with greater motor and functional disability in sIBM. The study also suggests more prominent bulbar, facial and respiratory involvement in individuals positive for NT5c1A antibodies.
Characterizing a free group in its automorphism group

for beA and gEG. If the center of G is trivial, then i: G + A(G) is one-to-one, and G can be identified with a normal subgroup of A(G), with the action on G given by conjugation. A group G is said to be complete if i: G + A(G) is an isomorphism. A theorem of Burnside [Ru, p. 951 says that if G is a group with trivial center, then A(G) is complete if and only if G is a characteristic subgroup of A(G). Let F be a free group of finite rank n > 2. In [D-F] Joan Dyer and 1 used Burnside’s criterion to show that A(F) is a complete group. More precisely, WC showed that if q4: A(F) + A(F) is an automorphism of A(F), then d(P) = F.
Synthesis and characterization of one-dimensional flat ZnO nanotower arrays as high-efficiency adsorbents for the photocatalytic remediation of water pollutants

We report on facile fabrication of 1-D flat ZnO nanotower arrays on various substrates, including a metal, a semiconductor and an insulator. The nanotowers have a unique flat basal section near the substrate and taper in stages to wire-like at the tip. Electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize these new nanostructures, revealing that their morphologies are significantly influenced by reaction temperature. A qualitative formation mechanism is proposed based on the experimental observations. A proof-of-concept demonstration shows that the ZnO nanotower arrays are highly effective at adsorbing and subsequently photo-remediating a model pollutant (Eosin B) from water. These observations could promote new applications of photocatalytic adsorbents for wastewater treatment utilizing oxide semiconductor nanostructures.
Physical self-efficacy and actualization

Abstract In his theorizing about self-actualization, Maslow speculated that physical ability and physical self-confidence were two aspects of cooperative dominance which were associated positively with actualization. These aspects of dominance bear close resemblance to the Perceived Physical Ability (PPA) and the Physical Self-Presentation Confidence (PSPC) dimensions of the Physical Self-Efficacy (PSE) Inventory. Accordingly, the PPA and PSPC scores of undergraduate men and women were correlated with their scores on the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), a popular measure of actualization, to test Maslow's hypotheses. The results showed that, contrary to Maslow's claims, PPA is not a positive correlate of self-actualization. However, strong support was found for Maslow's contention that high-PSPC individuals are more likely to be actualizing than low-PSPC people. Also, Maslow's hypothesis that actualizers are high in global sensation seeking (SS) was tested. The data indicated that only male actualizers were high in various aspects of SS, but female actualizers were not. Multiple regression analyses revealed further that both SS and PSPC are primary contributors to POI for men, but only PSPC contributes significantly to POI for women. Discussion focused on the reasons why research findings showing that increases in physical fitness lead to increases in self-esteem cannot be used to support the view that physical fitness and actualization are linked positively.
Nonlinear relationships and phylogenetically independent contrasts.

The method of phylogenetically independent contrasts is commonly used for exploring cross-taxon relationships between traits. Here we show that this phylogenetic comparative method (PCM) can fail to detect correlated evolution when the underlying relationship between traits is nonlinear. Simulations indicate that statistical power can be dramatically reduced when independent contrasts analysis is used on nonlinear relationships. We also reanalyse a published data set and demonstrate that ignoring nonlinearity can affect biological inferences. We suggest that researchers consider the shape of the relationship between traits when using independent contrasts analysis. Alternative PCMs may be more appropriate if data cannot be transformed to meet assumptions of linearity.
In Vitro Activity of Anidulafungin against Selected Clinically Important Mold Isolates

In this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of anidulafungin against selected mold isolates. Anidulafungin showed promising activity against Bipolaris spicifera, Exophiala jeanselmei, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Madurella mycetomatis, Penicillium marneffei, Phialophora verrucosa, Pseudallescheria boydii, Sporothrix schenckii, and Wangiella dermatitidis.
Increasing Self-Determination: Teaching Students to Plan, Work, Evaluate, and Adjust

A study was conducted to determine if secondary-age students could use self-determination contracts to regulate the correspondence between their plans, work, self-evaluations, and adjustments on academic tasks. The authors examined the impact of these contracts on the plan, work, evaluation, and adjustment behaviors of 8 secondary-age students with severe emotional/behavioral problems. The students completed daily self-determination contracts to schedule their work on academic tasks, plan for work outcomes, evaluate progress, and adjust for the next day's activity. One-way repeated-measures (ANOVAs) yielded 15 significant effects for the correspondence between plan and work, between work and evaluation, between evaluation and adjustment, and between adjustment and the next day plan. Pre- and postassessment found significant academic improvement.
An Evidence-Based Practice Educational Intervention for Athletic Trainers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Context: As evidence-based practice (EBP) becomes a necessity in athletic training, Web-based modules have been developed and made available to the National Athletic Trainers' Association membershi...
Tales from the deep: reeling in renal failure

a major function of the kidneys is the concentration and excretion of toxic metabolites and drugs. Toxin-mediated acute renal failure (ARF) causes severe morbidity and mortality that are appreciably higher in older and more debilitated patients. Surviving individuals face a significant risk of
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria: Worrisome Developments

Antibiotic-resistant anaerobic bacteria have become increasingly recognized as a confounding factor in the selection of therapeutic agents. The use of potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics as empirical therapy, along with appropriate adjunctive measures, has, in some ways, masked the magnitude of the antibiotic resistance problem that parallels that observed for nonanaerobic pathogens. The use of standardized testing methods that recognize resistance and an understanding of resistance mechanisms have become essential for the treatment of patients and the development of new agents.
Low noise and high tolerance to radiation effects of complementary bipolar SOI IC technology

The 1/f noise performance of Advanced Complementary Bipolar Process from United Technologies (ACUTE) is presented as a function of a total dose, device geometry and polarity as well as bias condition during irradiation. The data shows a significant radiation tolerance and superior low noise as compared with a standard bipolar processes.
Delayed Lysis with a Mutant of Salmonella Bacteriophage P22

A mutant of bacteriophage P22 (Lys(-)) was isolated which shows a plaque morphology on mixed plates comparable to the r(+) plaques of the T-even phages. When Lys(-) and normal Lys(+) plaques are juxtaposed on a petri dish, the Lys(+) plaque exhibits a flat side adjacent to the Lys(-) plaque. The mutant is identical to P22 under an electron microscope, is inactivated at the same rate by antiserum and heat, and has the same kinetics of attachment. It does not plate on Salmonella lysogenic for phage P22 nor on strain St/22. In liquid culture, the lysis of mutant infections in M9CAA medium is delayed between 20 and 40 min. Cells mixedly infected in M9CAA with Lys(-) and Lys(+) phage lyse later than Lys(+)-infected cells and even later than Lys(-)-infected cells. In unsupplemented M9 medium, however, mixedly infected cells again lyse later than Lys(+)-infected cells, but Lys(-)-infected cells require more than 3 hr to lyse. In supplemented and unsupplemented M9 media, intracellular phage development and endolysin synthesis proceed in Lys(-) infections at least as rapidly as in Lys(+)-infected cells. In diluted infections, the latent and eclipse periods of Lys(-) and Lys(+) infections are indistinguishable. The possible mechanisms involved in the control and timing of lysis are discussed.
A note on strain hardening circular plates

Abstract Previous solutions for uniformly loaded simply supported circular plates are extended to plates which are partially clamped. A piecewise linear theory using prager's hardening law is employed. The effect of perturbations in the initial yield stress on the post-yield stresses and displacements is also examined.
Brief History of Antipyretic Therapy

Both external cooling and pharmacotherapy have been used to treat fever since time immemorial. In the past century such treatments have proliferated at an astonishing rate. The COX-2 inhibitors are the most recent additions to the antipyretic pharmacopoeia. Additional research is needed to determine whether they represent an important new chapter in antipyretic therapy's long history or, for that matter, if the benefits of any currently available treatment for fever outweigh its cost.
Damping Effects on the State-Switched Absorber Used for Vibration Suppression:

A state-switched device is conceptually capable of instantaneously changing its mass, stiffness, or damping. Such a device will exhibit different dynamical response properties (modes and resonance frequencies) depending on its current state. A state-switched vibration absorber exploits the state-switching concept for the purposes of enhanced vibration suppression. Between each state switch, it is fundamentally a passive vibration absorber, but one which exhibits a different tuning frequency for each possible state. A state-switched vibration absorber therefore has a greater effective bandwidth than a classical passive absorber. This paper considers the role of damping in the state-switching concept for a simple one-degree of freedom system and for a two-degree of freedom system. Certain values of damping in the system improve performance, while other values hinder the performance of the state-switched absorber, as compared to classical absorbers. The predicted performance of the system also depends upon t...
Clinical Predictors of Nasal Secretory Cell Quantities in Allergy Clinic Patients

Background Nasal cytograms are useful in evaluating patients with inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses. When mucosal samples are taken with curette and brush devices, significant numbers of non-leukocytic cells can also be analyzed. Objective To examine two specific morphologic variations in granule-containing epithelial cells in nasal samples obtained from allergy clinic patients and describe their clinical associations. These two cellular variants consisted of goblet cells, with coalesced granules usually displacing the nucleus, and discrete granular mucinous cells (DGMC), which show more discrete granules not displacing the nucleus. Methods Patients from an adult allergy clinic were studied prospectively for nasal mucosal cytology, historical clinical data, nasal physical findings, serum IgE levels, and aeroallergen-specific IgE. Proportions and absolute numbers of goblet cells and DGMC in the nasal mucosal samples were related to other data using simple and multivariate analyses. Results Both goblet cells and DGMC showed absolute number increases in patients with observable nasal secretions. Discrete granular mucinous cell decreases were also observed in patients with IgE levels greater than or equal to 200 IU/mL and in asthmatic patients. In non-asthmatic patients with nasal eosinophilia, a significantly greater proportion of DGMC was observed compared with other patients (19.8 +/− 11.9% versus 8.5 +/− 5.9%, P = .007), while asthmatics with nasal eosinophilia had mean DGMC quantities closer to that observed in patients without nasal eosinophilia. Increases in goblet cell numbers were observed in patients with specific IgE to aeroallergens compared with other patients (46.5 +/− 46.7 versus 27.0 +/− 23.9, P = .014). Multivariate analysis confirmed that (1) the presence of aeroallergen-specific IgE and (2) the presence of nasal eosinophilia in the absence of asthma were differentially associated with increases in goblet cells and DGMC, respectively. Conclusions Increases in nasal DGMC and goblet cells differentially relate to specific clinical patterns of nasal cellular inflammation and aeroallergen hypersensitivity. The nasal epithelial cell profile associated with nasal eosinophilia in asthmatics may differ from that observed in non-asthmatic nasal eosinophilia.
FACTORS AFFECTING DETECTION PROBABILITY OF CALIFORNIA BLACK RAILS

Abstract Optimal survey methods for estimating population trends are those that result in high detection probability and low temporal variance in detection probability. We compared detection probability of California black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) between passive and call-broadcast surveys, and we examined factors that influenced detection probability. The number of black rails detected was 13% higher on call-broadcast surveys compared to passive surveys, but the number of other marsh birds (bitterns and other species of rails) detected was 21% lower. We detected more black rails on evening surveys compared to morning surveys, but we had to cancel 42% of evening surveys due to high wind (>25 km/hr). Detection probability increased from 0500 to 0700 hr and then declined as the morning progressed, but detection probabilities did not vary among hourly time intervals during evening surveys. We failed to detect an effect of broadcast volume on number of black rails detected during paired sur...
The superficial femoral artery conundrum: so close, yet so far away!

The endovascular treatment of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) remains one of the biggest conundrums for interventionalists in everyday clinical practice. Whereas we have grown accustomed to excellent endovascular outcomes in the coronary, carotid, renal, and iliac arteries, the femoropopliteal
Conference on Representing Children in Families: Children's Advocacy and Justice Ten Years After Fordham

The William S. Boyd School of Law, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, hosted a working conference, Representing Children in Families: Children's Advocacy and Justice Ten Years After Fordham, on January 11-14, 2006. The conference was a follow-up to the Conference on Ethical Issues in the Legal Representation of Children held at Fordham University School of Law in December 1995, which produced the influential Recommendations of the Conference on Ethical Issues in the Legal Representation of Children. The UNLV conference brought together nearly 100 academics and child and youth advocates, mostly, but not exclusively, law-trained, and all with varied experiences relevant to the legal representation of children across a wide array of legal contexts. The conference cast a critical eye on the practice and effects of legal representation of children, producing recommendations, written working group reports and papers regarding the role of family and community in the representation of children. This work product also addressed relationships between children's advocacy and justice, international legal norms, interdisciplinary competencies and models for representation, and the roles of race, ethnicity, class, gender, culture, sexuality, sexual orientation and sexual identity in child advocacy. The conference recommendations and reports, along with the fourteen opening papers and sixteen response papers, are published in 6 Nevada Law Journal 571-1423 (2006). The volume's table of contents, Foreword (by Bruce Green and Annette Appell), Recommendations, and Working Group Reports are available on the conference website; the table of contents is also available on SSRN through a link to this abstract. The Representing Children in Families Conference planning committee included Professors Annette Appell, Susan Brooks, Bernardine Dohrn, Bruce Green, Marty Guggenheim, and Jean Koh Peters. Opening paper authors are: Annette Appell, Susan Brooks, Bernardine Dohrn, Barbara Fedders, Martin Guggenheim, Kristin Henning, Antoinette Kavanaugh, Nesheba Kittling, Kimberly Mutcherson, Jean Koh Peters, Michael Pinard, Abbe Smith, Kim Taylor-Thompson and David Thronson. Response paper authors are: Marty Beyer, Kim Brooks, Naomi Cahn, Don Duquette, Chris Gottlieb, Gerard Glynn, Ann Haralambie, Robert Harris, Kathy Krebs, Miriam Krinsky and Jennifer Rodriguez, Kate Kruse, Kelly Olsen, Erik Pitchal, Catherine J. Ross, Shari Shink and Jane Spinak.
Eight Areas of Competency in Decision Making for Sustainability in Metro Food Systems

Michigan State University (MSU) held a focus group in Detroit, Michigan, USA in 2012 with members of the urban agriculture movement. The session included business persons involved in growing and selling food, members of the health system, community group members and city government. The purpose was to identify the full range of sectors of society involved in the food system, to identify the perceptions of the food system among the city population, test eight sustainability competency areas developed by MSU faculty as concepts and as they related to urban food systems, and to discover what kinds of decision support tools were needed to foster sustainable food systems in Detroit. The focus group session was video and audio recorded, the tapes transcribed and coded to identify common themes and responses to the competency area concepts. The competency areas presented were: ecological integrity, community well-being/social justice, economic vitality, aesthetic quality, civic responsibility, systems interdependence, critical thinking, and personal growth. Participants indicated that they considered sustainability a value that people in urban agriculture shared, but that people struggled with how to move forward toward sustainability. Focus group participants were able to identify some aspect of each of the eight competency areas that they perceived people in urban agriculture, and the broader city resident population already recognized, or engaged in without recognizing that they were doing something that could lead to more sustainable outcomes. However, participants perceived that a sustainable metropolitan food system remains a somewhat elusive goal to achieve for people engaged in pursuing urban agriculture in Detroit due to a negative perception they expressed that many of the city’s population holds for growing food in the city, and in general for goods produced in the city. Information gained from the focus group and subsequent focus groups with members of the different urban agriculture sectors will be used to help develop university and partner organization education programs, to identify other research needs, and to help people developing school and other youth education programs in sustainability.
Notch1 Autoactivation via Transcriptional Regulation of Furin, Which Sustains Notch1 Signaling by Processing Notch1-Activating Proteases ADAM10 and Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase

Notch1 is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane receptor involved in melanoma growth. Notch1 is first cleaved by furin in the Golgi apparatus to produce the biologically active heterodimer. Following ligand binding, Notch1 is cleaved at the cell membrane by proteases such as ADAM10 and -17 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), the latter of which we recently identified as a novel protease involved in Notch1 processing. The final cleavage is γ-secretase dependent and releases the active Notch intracellular domain (NIC). We now demonstrate that Notch1 directly regulates furin expression. Aside from activating Notch1, furin cleaves and activates several proteases, including MT1-MMP, ADAM10, and ADAM17. By chromatin immunoprecipitation and a reporter assay, we demonstrate that Notch1 binds at position -1236 of the furin promoter and drives furin expression. The Notch1-dependent enhancement of furin expression increases the activities of MT1-MMP and ADAM10 but not that of ADAM17, as demonstrated by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of furin, and promotes the cleavage of Notch1 itself. These data highlight a novel positive-feedback loop whereby Notch1-dependent furin expression can induce Notch1 signaling by increasing Notch1 processing and by potentiating the activity of the proteases responsible for Notch1 activation. This leads to Notch1 signal amplification, which can promote melanoma tumor growth and progression, as demonstrated by the inhibition of cell migration and invasion upon furin inhibition downstream of Notch1. Disruption of such feedback signaling might represent an avenue for the treatment of melanoma.
Lectures on convexity estimates for mean curvature flow

The mean curvature flow is a very important geometric evolution equation. This article is an expository account on an important result by Huisken and Sinestrari on the convexity estimates of mean curvature flow on mean convex hypersurfaces.
Biochemical differentiation of morphologically indistinguishable strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Strains of Aedes aegypti were characterized and separated from one another on the basis of differences in chromatographic patterns of fluorescent compounds present in the extracts of adult mosquitoes. The high degree of reproducibility of these patterns, together with preliminary evidence concerning their heritable nature, strongly suggests that these fluorescing components are under genetic control and thereby provide a reliable taxonomic tool at the intraspecific level.
A full-space barrier method for stress-constrained discrete material design optimization

In this paper, we present a full-space barrier method designed for stress-constrained mass minimization problems with discrete material options. The advantages of the full-space barrier method are twofold. First, in the full-space the stress constraints are provably concave, which facilitates the construction of convex subproblems within the optimization algorithm. Second, by using the full-space, it is no longer necessary to employ stress constraint aggregation techniques to reduce adjoint-gradient evaluation costs. The proposed optimization algorithm uses a Newton method where an approximate linearization of the KKT conditions is solved inexactly at each iteration using a preconditioned Krylov subspace method. Sparse constraints that arise in the discrete material parametrization are treated using a null-space method. Results of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated on a series of three topology and multimaterial optimization problems with selection between isotropic and orthotropic materials, as well as discrete ply-angle selection.
Case 2: Acute-Onset Tachypnea, Tachycardia, and Reduced Activity in a 16-Month-Old Girl

1. Michael Perez, MD* 2. T. K. Susheel Kumar, MD* 3. Mayte Figueroa, MD* 4. Jason Johnson, MD* 5. Mohammed Ali Absi, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN. A 16-month-old girl presents to the emergency department with rapid breathing, fatigue, malaise, and drastically diminished activity level of 1-day duration. She has had persistent nasal congestion for the past 2 weeks without fever, cough, or wheezing. She most recently has begun to experience repeated episodes of emesis. The emesis is nonbilious and without blood. Despite persistent emesis, she has managed to keep up with her fluid losses and has normal urine output. She has a history of bilateral hydronephrosis with no other significant medical or family history. On physical examination, her height is 81 cm (75th percentile), weight is 9.9 kg (25th percentile), and head circumference is 45 cm (25th percentile). She has a heart rate of approximately 200 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg in her upper extremities and 152/101 mmHg in her lower extremities, temperature of 100.6°F (38.1°C), and oxygen saturation of 99%. She is lethargic, and her radial and femoral pulses are equal, rapid, and thready. She has no murmurs, rubs, or gallops but has crackles (rales) in bilateral posterior lung fields with fair air exchange and no wheezing. Her abdomen is soft without distention or hepatomegaly, and she has no peripheral edema. Electrocardiography reveals sinus tachycardia with slight ST elevation in leads 1 and 2, whereas chest radiography reveals cardiomegaly and bilateral interstitial markings. The results of her initial laboratory …
Advanced Dram Cell Dielectric Films using Rapid Thermal Processing

The reliable operation of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device requires a minimum level of charge to be stored in the capacitor. The nonlinear dependence between the scaling of the minimum charge and the cell area for higher DRAM densities is the driving force in the development of exotic capacitor structures and advanced cell dielectric materials. The conventional option of reducing the thickness of the silicon nitride dielectric films for high density DRAM applications will eventually be constrained by the increase in the leakage current due to direct carrier tunneling or by the decrease in the oxidation resistance of the films. In this paper we discuss the use of rapid thermal processing to modify the interface between the polysilicon storage node of the capacitor and the silicon nitride to improve the electrical and structural characteristics without any loss in capacitance. The influence of electrode roughness on the electrical behavior will also be discussed for the various dielectric stack combinations.
A note on the effect of zeranol administration on oestrous cycle length and hormonal profiles in cows

Zeranol is an anabolic agent with oestrogenic actions commonly used in fattening beef cattle. This experiment was designed to determine the effects of zeranol administration on oestrous cycle lengths, plasma progesterone concentrations and the exhibition of oestrus in mature cows. Administration of 36-mg zeranol implants during the early, middle or later portion of the oestrous cycle did not alter the length or persistence of oestrous cycles, nor were progesterone profiles different from those observed in untreated cows. Some cows that received zeranol exhibited a prolonged oestrus. The regularity of oestrous cycles in cows treated with zeranol indicates that it may be possible to utilize zeranol as an anabolic and lactopoetic agent in post-partum beef cows.