cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SoftWater: Software-defined networking for next-generation underwater communication systems

Abstract Underwater communication systems have drawn the attention of the research community in the last 15 years. This growing interest can largely be attributed to new civil and military applications enabled by large-scale networks of underwater devices (e.g., underwater static sensors, unmanned autonomous vehicles (AUVs), and autonomous robots), which can retrieve information from the aquatic and marine environment, perform in-network processing on the extracted data, and transmit the collected information to remote locations. Currently underwater communication systems are inherently hardware-based and rely on closed and inflexible architectural design. This imposes significant challenges into adopting new underwater communication and networking technologies, prevent the provision of truly-differentiated services to highly diverse underwater applications, and induce great barriers to integrate heterogeneous underwater devices. Software-defined networking (SDN), recognized as the next-generation networking paradigm, relies on the highly flexible, programmable, and virtualizable network architecture to dramatically improve network resource utilization, simplify network management, reduce operating cost, and promote innovation and evolution. In this paper, a software-defined architecture, namely SoftWater, is first introduced to facilitate the development of the next-generation underwater communication systems. More specifically, by exploiting the network function virtualization (NFV) and network virtualization concepts, SoftWater architecture can easily incorporate new underwater communication solutions, accordingly maximize the network capacity, can achieve the network robustness and energy efficiency, as well as can provide truly differentiated and scalable networking services. Consequently, the SoftWater architecture can simultaneously support a variety of different underwater applications, and can enable the interoperability of underwater devices from different manufacturers that operate on different underwater communication technologies based on acoustic, optical, or radio waves. Moreover, the essential network management tools of SoftWater are discussed, including reconfigurable multi-controller placement, hybrid in-band and out-of-band control traffic balancing, and utility-optimal network virtualization. Furthermore, the major benefits of SoftWater architecture are demonstrated by introducing software-defined underwater networking solutions, including the throughput-optimal underwater routing, SDN-enhanced fault recovery, and software-defined underwater mobility management. The research challenges to realize the SoftWater are also discussed in detail.
Development of motor coordination in boys and girls.

(1947). Development of Motor Coordination in Boys and Girls. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 30-44.
Systematic Review of Traumatic Brain Injury and the Impact of Antioxidant Therapy on Clinical Outcomes

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acquired brain injury that occurs when there is sudden trauma that leads to brain damage. This acute complex event can happen when the head is violently or suddenly struck or an object pierces the skull or brain. The current principal treatment of TBI includes various pharmaceutical agents, hyperbaric oxygen, and hypothermia. There is evidence that secondary injury from a TBI is specifically related to oxidative stress. However, the clinical management of TBI often does not include antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress and prevent secondary injury. Aims The purpose of this article is to examine current literature regarding the use of antioxidant therapies in treating TBI. This review evaluates the evidence of antioxidant therapy as an adjunctive treatment used to reduce the underlying mechanisms involved in secondary TBI injury. Methods A systematic review of the literature published between January 2005 and September 2015 was conducted. Five databases were searched including CINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Findings Critical evaluation of the six studies that met inclusion criteria suggests that antioxidant therapies such as amino acids, vitamins C and E, progesterone, N-acetylcysteine, and enzogenol may be safe and effective adjunctive therapies in adult patients with TBI. Although certain limitations were found, the overall trend of using antioxidant therapies to improve the clinical outcomes of TBI was positive. Linking Evidence to Action By incorporating antioxidant therapies into practice, clinicians can help attenuate the oxidative posttraumatic brain damage and optimize patients’ recovery.
Voluntary intake, gain, digestibility, rate of passage and gastrointestinal tract fill in tropical and temperate breeds of sheep.

In trial 1, Coastal bermudagrass pellets were fed for 63 d to 21 growing rams of Barbados Blackbelly (B), Dorset (D) and Blackbelly X Dorset (B X D) breeding to determine the effect of breed on voluntary intake (VI) and total gain. Initially, each breed group consisted of seven rams with mean weights of 18.6, 31.0 and 26.4 kg, respectively. At the end of the intake and growth phase, digestibility, rate of passage and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) fill were determined. Chromium-mordanted fiber was used as a particle phase marker. Intakes during the digestibility-marker phase averaged 75% of the VI determined in the intake and growth phase. Breeds did not differ in VI, total gain or digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Apparent crude protein (CP) digestibility was approximately 3 percentage units higher (P less than .10) for B X D than for B or D rams. Rate of passage was faster (P less than .05) for B X D rams than for the other breed groups, while D rams were intermediate. Total mean retention time (MRT) was shorter (P less than .05) for B X D rams compared with the other breed groups. Ruminal retention time (RRT) was shorter (P less than .05) and GIT fill was less (P less than .10) for D and B X D than for B rams. In trial 2, chopped orchardgrass-alfalfa hay was fed for 26 d to 19 of the same rams used in trial 1. Breed, number of rams and initial weights (kg) were: B, 5, 25.6; D, 7, 39.4; B X D, 7, 35.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infrastructure for Efficient Exploration of Large Scale Linked Data via Contextual Tag Clouds

In this paper we present the infrastructure of the contextual tag cloud system which can execute large volumes of queries about the number of instances that use particular ontological terms. The contextual tag cloud system is a novel application that helps users explore a large scale RDF dataset: the tags are ontological terms (classes and properties), the context is a set of tags that defines a subset of instances, and the font sizes reflect the number of instances that use each tag. It visualizes the patterns of instances specified by the context a user constructs. Given a request with a specific context, the system needs to quickly find what other tags the instances in the context use, and how many instances in the context use each tag. The key question we answer in this paper is how to scale to Linked Data; in particular we use a dataset with 1.4 billion triples and over 380,000 tags. This is complicated by the fact that the calculation should, when directed by the user, consider the entailment of taxonomic and/or domain/range axioms in the ontology. We combine a scalable preprocessing approach with a specially-constructed inverted index and use three approaches to prune unnecessary counts for faster intersection computations. We compare our system with a state-of-the-art triple store, examine how pruning rules interact with inference and analyze our design choices.
Elevated Vanin1 and Advillin Expression Is Associated with Progression to Chronic ITP in Children

The majority of pediatric ITP patients recover spontaneously within 6 months (acute ITP), while about 20% of the patients develop chronic ITP. The ability to distinguish patients at higher risk of developing chronic disease during the acute phase of the illness could give prognostic information and serve as a basis for clinical trials to study earlier or more aggressive interventions to prevent morbidity associated with long-term immunosuppression. We have previously described the gene expression pattern of pediatric ITP patients. This data set was used to search for genes which would predict progression to chronic ITP. We identified 8 samples from patients with acute self-limited ITP and 4 samples from patients who progressed to chronic ITP, all tested during the acute phase of the disease. At a false discovery rate of 0, two genes—VNN1 (vanin1) and AVIL (advillin) were the most significantly different between the groups. To validate these findings from microarray analysis, real-time PCR experiments were performed using unamplified whole blood RNA from the original cohort, with 4 additional patients (for a total of 9 samples in self-limited acute ITP group and 7 samples in progressed to chronic ITP group), and a control group of 5 normal children. All real-time data was normalized to housekeeping gene (GADPH) expression. Both VNN1 and AVIL expression were significantly increased in the group which developed chronic ITP compared to patients with acute self-limited ITP (VNN1 p=0.008, AVIL p=0.006) and normal controls (VNN1 p=0.044, AVIL p=0.009). Table 1 shows the medians and ranges of the normalized real-time PCR results of the three groups. The mechanism of these over-expressed genes in pediatric ITP patients who progress to chronic ITP is currently being investigated. VNN1 is a GPI anchored protein involved in T cell trafficking and has a pro-inflammatory role as an oxidative-stress response gene. AVIL, whose gene product is a member of the gelsolin/villin family of actin regulatory proteins, is involved in monocyte/macrophage phagocytosis and cytoskeletal remodeling. Thus both of these genes have functions consistent with recent reports implicating T cell regulation and trafficking as well as immune-mediated destruction of platelets in chronic ITP. These findings represent the first candidate biomarkers in predicting prognosis in pediatric ITP and at the same time open the door for further investigation of the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical transition from acute to chronic ITP. A prospective study to validate these findings is in progress. Table1:
Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Primary

Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% of all strokes but is the least treatable and most deadly. The most important risk factors are hypertension (which typically produces deep brain hemorrhages) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (which produces lobar hemorrhages). Clinical presentation is indistinguishable from that of ischemic stroke with the exception that ICH is more commonly associated with signs of increased intracranial pressure. ICH is easily identified on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRI or angiography may identify an underlying lesion, particularly in nonhypertensive individuals with atypical bleeding locations. Treatment strategies focus on medical stabilization, prevention/limitation of secondary neurological injury, and supportive care to prevent medical complications. As with ischemic stroke, however, prevention through risk factor management remains the most effective means of reducing mortality and morbidity due to ICH.
Prostate Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Program Implementation and Impact: Initial Clinical Experience in a Community Based Health System

Abstract Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate is increasingly being performed at academic centers but implementation in community based health systems has lagged and literature regarding clinical impact in this setting is limited. We describe our experience developing a community based prostate magnetic resonance imaging program, including the evolution of interpretation and reporting methods, and the resulting clinical impact during a period of more than 5 years (August 2010 to December 2015). Methods Data collected for prostate magnetic resonance imaging included demographic, clinical, scanning, pathology and treatment/management information. Suspicion level on prostate magnetic resonance imaging was correlated with pathology results when available. Outcomes were compared across 3 reporting eras, ie early, mid and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System, version 2. Results A total of 537 prostate magnetic resonance images were obtained for diagnosed prostate cancer (60%) or screening (37%). During the study period the number of scans and ordering physicians increased. The proportion of patients with suspected extraprostatic extension (17.5%), lymph node metastasis (6.9%) and bone/other metastasis (4.3%) on prostate magnetic resonance imaging remained relatively constant. When stratified by era, there was a significant increase in low suspicion studies (p = 0.0002) and a trend toward a significant increase in cancer detection at biopsy (p = 0.09), reflecting increased specificity in the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System, version 2 era. Conclusions While staging information with prostate magnetic resonance imaging was accurate early in the implementation of the program, lesion characterization improved with use of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System, version 2 criteria and standardized reporting. Regular multidisciplinary participation in community based prostate magnetic resonance imaging programs may maximize clinical impact.
P-type Doping of Organic Charge Transport Materials with Tungsten Oxide

The effects of WO3 doping in 4,4’-bis-9-carbozyl biphenyl (CBP) were studied through detailed electrical device characterization. A series of hole-only devices have been fabricated, where the doping level was varied from 10-40mol% and the doped CBP thickness was varied from 5-40 nm. It was found that, to achieve effective doping for improved hole injection and transport, the doping level should be greater than 20mol% and the doped layer should be at least 10 nm thick. It was also found that an energy barrier exists at the doped and undoped CBP interface, resulting in an additional voltage drop. This finding was explained by a large downward shift of the Fermi level in WO3-doped CBP, which causes band bending and depletion at the interface. Finally, simplified green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with CBP as the hole transport and host material were fabricated. With a WO3-doped hole transport layer, the OLEDs attained brightness above 105 cd/m2 at 20 mA/cm2, and exhibited an improved reliability under constant-current stressing as compared to undoped OLEDs.
Sigmoid Resection and Rectopexy (Frykman-Goldberg Procedure)

Sigmoid resection and rectopexy are indicated for full-thickness rectal prolapse with chronic constipation. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Memristive response of a new class of hydrated vanadium oxide intercalation compounds

The practical realization of energy-efficient computing vectors is imperative to address the break-down in the scaling of power consumption with transistor dimensions, which has led to substantial underutilized chip space. Memristive elements that encode information in multiple internal states and reflect the dynamical evolution of these states are a promising alternative. Herein we report the observation of pinched loop hysteretic type-II memristive behavior in single-crystalline nanowires of a versatile class of layered vanadium oxide bronzes with the composition δ[M(H2O)4]0.25V2O5 (M= Co, Ni, Zn), the origin of which is thought to be the diffusion of protons in the interlayer regions.
Social Media Scholarship and Alternative Metrics for Academic Promotion and Tenure

Traditionally, scholars focused their efforts in the domains of clinical care, research, and education; however, the last decade has witnessed the rise of novel areas of development such as innovation, quality improvement, informatics, and recently, digital scholarship. Academic institutions adapted and began considering these fields for academic promotion and tenure. Social media has become a critical space for the dissemination of knowledge and outreach to community and policy makers and also for the creation of communities of practice. This new realm brings multiple challenges, such as the appraisal of the quality and appropriateness of the content, the evaluation of impact on the academe and general populations, coupled to the creation of a system to reward scholars engaged in this novel endeavor. In this article, we describe the current state of academic promotion and the definition, nature, and merit of digital scholarship. We outline new strategies and tools for the assessment of dissemination and impact of these works, such as altmetrics, and finally, we reference innovative concepts on how to organize and use this digital academia on career promotion and tenure.
Hydrodynamic effects on the aggregation of nanoparticles in porous media

Abstract The aggregation of spherical nanoparticles as they propagate through porous media is explored using lattice Boltzmann simulations and tracking of the trajectoties of individual particles. The porous media are modeled as periodic arrays of spheres in different packing configurations. The effects of interparticle interactions on particle aggregation are treated through a single aggregation probability upon particle collision. Fast aggregation is represented by an aggregation probability with values close to one, and slow aggregation is represented by lower aggregation probability. An algorithm that accounts for the different time scales between hydrodynamics and Brownian motion is devised and validated. It is found that primary particle size, initial particle concentration, injection flow rate, and aggregation probability significantly impact the dynamics of the aggregation. Calculations of the transient mean size of the aggregates show that the aggregation rate is high near the entrance of the porous medium, yet dramatically decreases when moving farther downstream. The reason is that the growth of larger aggregates slows the aggregation process. It is also found that the bigger aggregates are formed in the pore space near the pore matrix surface, where particle residence time is long enough to allow the aggregates to grow. An empirical correlation based on measurable parameters is proposed for the prediction of the mean aggregate size.
Physical therapists familiarity and beliefs about health services utilization and health seeking behaviour.

Abstract Background Physical therapists’ familiarity, perceptions, and beliefs about health services utilization and health seeking behaviour have not been previously assessed. Objectives The purposes of this study were to identify physical therapists’ characteristics related to familiarity of health services utilization and health seeking behaviour, and to assess what health seeking behaviour factors providers felt were related to health services utilization. Methods We administered a survey based on the Andersen behavioural model of health services utilization to physical therapists using social media campaigns and email between March and June of 2017. In addition to descriptive statistics, we performed binomial logistic regression analysis. We asked respondents to rate familiarity with health services utilization and health seeking behaviour and collected additional characteristic variables. Results Physical therapists are more familiar with health services utilization than health seeking behaviour. Those who are familiar with either construct tend to be those who assess for health services utilization, use health services utilization for a prognosis, and believe that health seeking behaviour is measurable. Physical therapists rated need and enabling factors as having more influence on health services utilization than predisposing and health belief factors. Conclusion Physical therapists are generally familiar with health services utilization and health seeking behaviour; however, there appears to be a disconnect between what is familiar, what is perceived to be important, and what can be assessed for both health services utilization and health seeking behaviour.
The Stigma of Addiction in the Medical Community

The medical community has worse attitudes toward individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), whom they frequently treat, than toward individuals with other medical or psychiatric conditions. This is concerning, as when clinicians have negative attitudes toward these patients, quality of care declines substantially. There are many reasons for these negative attitudes toward individuals with SUDs, including clinicians’ lack of exposure to individuals in recovery, lack of time and resources to adequately care for patients with SUDs, poor role models and mentorship, and perception of substance misuse as a moral failing. There are a number of potential strategies to improve this stigma. Efforts should be made to increase awareness of negative attitudes, provide forums to discuss common attitudes, continue to increase and improve addiction treatment options, and intervene at all levels of professional development.
Group work in research: creating a research family

As members of a research group at New York University’s Center on Violence and Recovery, we, the authors, strive to promote social justice through our research and awareness in relationships betwee...
The method of avoidance: Niceness as whiteness in segregated Chicanx schools

This qualitative study examines Chicanx students’ accounts of teachers’ (in)activity in classrooms regarding issues of racism and whiteness. Contextualised within the study of Arizona’s anti-immigr...
14. BURNOUT IN PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS: WHEN IS BURNOUT MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR DURING AN INPATIENT SERVICE MONTH AND WHAT ARE ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS

Background Burnout is a work-related syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and a sense of lack of personal accomplishment (PA). Data show those in medical training suffer from burnout, but neither the timing of burnout in a narrower timeframe nor its associations is known. Objective A single center prospective study was conducted to establish the prevalence of burnout in pediatric residents during an inpatient month, monitor the pattern of burnout progression throughout the month, and ascertain what factors may be associated with that burnout. Methods Surveys assessing burnout, symptoms of depression, quality of life, fatigue, clinical and personal experiences were distributed to pediatric residents every week for a total of five weeks during an inpatient service month. Surveys included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), considered the gold-standard for measuring burnout, and the McCauley Survey, a survey created by one of our authors to measure burnout. Inpatient service months included a rotation on the wards, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). First, second and third year pediatric residents were included in the study. A washout period of at least one month was required before a resident was surveyed a second time. Results Mean values of EE had statistically significant worsening between the start and end of an inpatient month. Similarly, the prevalence of burnout increased from 71% to 83%. 71% of residents had positive screens for depression. 38% of residents had answered “yes” to the question “have you doubted your career choice in the last week.” The McCauley Survey results for burnout correlated well with the standard MBI surveys. Conclusions A large majority of pediatric residents are burned out and burnout increases during an inpatient rotation. Many pediatric residents trigger positive screens for depression and question their career choice during an inpatient rotation. Intervention is warranted in this center and is currently underway. Future multi-center studies are needed to validate this data, as well as follow-up studies to evaluate the possible impact of current interventions at this center.
Implantable cathodic voltage controlled electrical stimulator

This work reports the first of its kind custom implantable cathodic voltage controlled electrical stimulator (iCVCES) for use with implanted orthopaedic devices. The iCVCES allows researchers to study DC cathodic voltage controlled electrical stimulation (CVCES) in vivo with no percutaneous leads. The iCVCES is a microcontroller-based potentiostat circuit with wireless (bluetooth) communication that controls the DC cathodic stimulation and monitors the environment around the implant. Comprising a single PCB with a coin cell battery, the device is able to hold a constant voltage as large as -1.8 V in a dynamic impedance environment. In vitro tests demonstrate functionality comparable to bench-top systems, and in vivo tests demonstrate operation in live rats, for up to 8 days, with the ability to provide constant stimulation with a maximum variation of 2 mV.
A Novel MRI Tool for Evaluating Cortical Bone Thickness of the Proximal Femur.

BACKGROUND Osteoporotic hip fractures heavily cost the health care system. Clinicians and patients can benefit from improved tools to assess bone health. Herein, we aim to develop a three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to assess cortical bone thickness and assess the ability of the method to detect regional changes in the proximal femur. METHODS Eighty-nine patients underwent hip magnetic resonance imaging. FireVoxel and 3DSlicer were used to generate three-dimensional proximal femur models. ParaView was used to define five regions: head, neck, greater trochanter, intertrochanteric region, and subtrochanteric region. Custom software was used to calculate the cortical bone thickness and generate a color map of the proximal femur. Mean cortical thickness values for each region were calculated. Statistical t-tests were performed to evaluate differences in cortical thickness based on proximal femur region. Measurement reliability was evaluated using coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficients, and overlap metrics. RESULTS Three-dimensional regional cortical thickness maps for all subjects were generated. The subtrochanteric region was found to have the thickest cortical bone and the femoral head had the thinnest cortical bone. There were statistically significant differences between regions (p < 0.01) for all possible comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Cortical bone is an important contributor to bone strength, and its thinning results in increased hip fracture risk. We describe the development and measurement reproducibility of an MRI tool permitting assessment of proximal femur cortical thickness. This study represents an important step toward longitudinal clinical trials interested in monitoring the effectiveness of drug therapy on proximal femur cortical thickness.
Rumination and Sleep Quality Among Older Adults: Examining the Role of Social Support.

Objectives Although the adverse link between rumination and sleep quality is well established, much of the literature neglects the role of social factors. This study examined the role of older adults' perceived social support from spouses and from family/friends in modifying the association between trait rumination and sleep quality. Existing hypotheses suggest that social support may play three unique roles, each tested within the current study: (H1) support may act as a protective factor that buffers negative effects of rumination on sleep quality, (H2) support may curtail rumination and, in turn, promote sleep quality, and (H3) rumination may erode support and, in turn, undermine sleep quality. Method Data came from 86 partnered older adults in independent-living or retirement communities (Mage = 75.70 years). We utilized three waves of interview data collected annually between 2017 and 2019. The first hypothesis was tested using moderation in multilevel models; the second two hypotheses were evaluated with prospective associations using multilevel mediation. Results Negative effects of high-trait rumination on time-varying sleep quality were attenuated among those who reported high, stable levels of support from their spouses. Perceived family/friend support did not yield the same protective effect. There was no evidence that support preempted, or was eroded by, rumination. Discussion Perceived spousal support may act as a psychosocial resource that mitigates negative effects of trait rumination on older adults' sleep quality. Interventions aimed at mitigating maladaptive outcomes of rumination on sleep quality for older adults should consider spousal support as a key target.
On a Novel Scheme for the Generation of Megagauss Fields

The scheme reported here proposes to use a pulsed coil in which the stresses due to the electromagnetic forces are compensated internally. Some of the main advantages of the system are simplicity of construction, the use of a nondestructive procedure for the generation of megagauss fields and a fairly efficient energy consuming device.
Changing Values and Lifestyle to Accommodate a Symbiotic View of Consumer Choice

The Symbiotic paradigm is applied to consumer behavior from a macro perspective. Propositions are formed concerning consumer usage, reusage, and disposition of goods in light of values and lifestyle changes. Implications for future research are discussed.
The Franck—Condon Principle in Bound‐Free Transitions

Mise au point. Discussion du role du principe de Franck-Condon dans l'interpretation et l'analyse des transitions lie-libre de molecules diatomiques, dans la cadre classique, semi-classique ou quantique. Transitions radiatives. Predissociation
Negotiator Preference Change: Motivational vs. Informational Mechanisms for Dynamic Valuation

Results from previous research suggest that individuals change their preferences during negotiations (J. R. Curhan, M. A. Neale, & L. Ross, forthcoming). Consistent with dissonance and self-perception theories, negotiators enhance their valuation of offers they make. Consistent with reactance theory and rational inference, negotiators devalue offers they receive. Each of these dynamic valuation processes could be explained by informational mechanisms alone, or additionally by motivational mechanisms. The present investigation examines negotiator preference change in a context where informational mechanisms can be controlled for, and hence motivational mechanisms could be measured independently. Results of this investigation will potentially have important implications for theory and practice.
Effect of High Pressure Processing on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Films Measured by Dynamical Mechanical and Tensile Analyses

This study investigated the influence of high pressure processing on the thermal and mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films used for food packaging. This was carried out by monitoring the thermal and mechanical properties of the materials before and after the pressure treatments. Pouches made from the LDPE films were pressured at 200, 400 and 800 MPa for 5 and 10 min at 25 and 75°C. The storage and loss moduli, tensile strength and elongation at break and yield of the film samples were then measured using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and an Instron® Universal Tester (Canton, MA, USA), respectively. The DMA was performed at −130 to 85°C, whereas the tensile and elongation analyses were carried out at room temperature. Results of the DMA experiments showed that the storage modulus increased with increasing pressure intensity. The tensile analysis showed that the tensile strength increased but the elongation decreased with increasing pressure treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiparametric Quantitative-Trait-Locus Mapping: II. on Censored Age-at-Onset

In genetic studies, the variation in genotypes may not only affect different inheritance patterns in qualitative traits, but may also affect the age-at-onset as quantitative trait. In this article, we use standard cross designs, such as backcross or F2, to propose some hazard regression models, namely, the additive hazards model in quantitative trait loci mapping for age-at-onset, although the developed method can be extended to more complex designs. With additive invariance of the additive hazards models in mixture probabilities, we develop flexible semiparametric methodologies in interval regression mapping without heavy computing burden. A recently developed multiple comparison procedures is adapted to identify the QTL in dense maps. The proposed methodologies will be evaluated by simulation studies and demonstrated in an actual data analysis of forest tree growth.
Multiple-PRF radar target range calculation with error correction

The calculations of radar target ranges using multiple pulse repetition frequencies (PRI's) are considered for cases where one or more range measurement errors occur. It is assumed that target ranges are quantized into integer range gate numbers. To calculate the range gate number X for a target, an ambiguous range gate number is measured for each PRF. The number X is represented by a code word whose components are the ambiguous range gate numbers. A table is constructed consisting of all possible code words and the corresponding values of X. Given a code word from a target the corresponding number X is determined by searching the table for the closest match. It is shown that by setting maximum values for X, errors m the range gate numbers can be detected or corrected. >
Mechanisms of oxygenations in zeolites

Publisher Summary This chapter examines both the shape (structure) and chemical compositions of a unique set of nanovessels, the zeolites. This chapter also examines the outcome of photochemical reactions that can be influenced and controlled in these nanospace environments. Zeolites are crystalline inorganic solids that are better known as molecular sieves. Zeolites are aluminosilicates characterized by a network of silicon and aluminum tetrahedral. Zeolites are formed by crystallization at temperatures between 80°C and 200°C from aqueous alkaline solutions of silica and alumina gels in a process referred to as hydrothermal synthesis. Zeolites are amphoteric hosts with well-established acid and base properties. Reagents or reactants that are too large to diffuse through the zeolite pore opening, but are of the correct size to be housed in intrazeolite cavities, have been incorporated by a novel “ship-in-a-bottle” synthesis. The ability of zeolites to compartmentalize substrates and sensitizers provides a novel tool to determine the mechanistic origin of photooxygenation products.
CHALLENGES IN THE ANALYSIS OF HETEROGENEOUS POTTERY BY LA–ICP–MS: A COMPARISON WITH INAA*

Tempers added to pottery have the potential to obscure geographical variation in the chemistry of exploited clay resources when analysed using bulk methods. A pilot study was conducted to assess the possibility of using LA–ICP–MS to analyse clay matrix in pottery with extremely subtle partitions between INAA chemical groups. LA–ICP–MS was used to analyse the clay matrix of 32 pottery samples from seven Middle and Late Woodland period (c. ad 200–800) sites in north-east Florida and results were compared to data from INAA of the same samples. The results reveal many of the challenges in analysing highly heterogeneous materials with LA–ICP–MS. However, the study also generated data that are potentially useful in the determination of pottery provenance. In some respects, LA–ICP–MS of clay matrix replicated the chemical variation recorded by INAA, and in other respects the results are divergent. The similarities and differences between these results are explained by specific differences between the methods and the materials analysed (matrix versus bulk analysis). Suggestions for improving the method are discussed.
Nicotine patch plus nicotine lozenges increased smoking cessation rate more than placebo

Source Citation Piper ME, Smith SS, Schlam TR, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of 5 smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66:1253-62. 19884613
Characterization of luteinizing hormone synthesized and released by rat pituitaries in vitro: dissociation of immunological and biological activities.

These studies were designed to characterize the LH synthesized de novo by rat anterior pituitary glands in vitro. Pituitaries from ovariectomized rats were incubated with [H]- glucosamine ([3H]GA), [14C]alanine, ([14C]A), and synthetic gonadotropin- releasing hormone for 4 h. At the end of incubation, pituitaries were separated from medium and then homogenized, centrifuged, and dialyzed. Dialyzed medium and supernatant were chromatographed separately on Sephadex G-100. Fractions were monitored for total immunoreactive LH (IR-LH) by RIA. Newly synthesized radiolabeled LH was measured by monitoring the radioactivity of LH immunoprecipitated with anti-LH-β serum. About 4% of the total IR-LH in the pituitary supernatant eluted in the void volume (peak A), whereas 96% eluted at the same position as [125I]rat LH (peak B). Seventy-six percent of total [14C]A-LH and 37% of total [3H]GA-LH eluted in peak A, whereas the remainder eluted in peak B. The ratio of [14C]A-LH to [3H]GA-LH in peak A varied from 2.5 to 3 5...
Dynamic Route Diversion in Connectionless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), communication connections need to adapt to frequent unpredictable topology changes due to the mobility, energy constraints, and limited computing power of the mobile hosts. Early solutions address this fundamental requirement by employing techniques that can reconnect a broken link quickly with low overhead. This strategy, however, cannot cope with a high frequency of broken links in a high mobility environment. To address this problem, a few connectionless-oriented techniques, e.g., connectionless approach (CLA), have emerged. These schemes rely on any mobile hosts along the general direction towards the destination node to help forward the data packets. Extensive simulation results have shown that these methods are more robust, and perform significantly better than connection-oriented techniques. The current connectionless methods, however, may suffer from packet drops since traffic congestion is not considered in the packet forwarding policy. In this paper, we address this weakness by applying a cross-layer design, where the physical and MAC layer knowledge of the wireless medium is shared with higher layer, in order to provide efficient methods of establish and maintain routes. We proposed two connectionless-oriented dynamic route diversion techniques; and give simulation results, based on GloMoSim, to illustrate their performance advantage.
Parallel Implementation and Performance of an Immersed Boundary Method

An implementation for parallelization of an immersed boundary method is presented using the standard MPI communication. The immersed boundary method in the present work follows that in Zhang & Zheng [1]. The Poisson problem is solved with assistance of a scientific parallel computational library PETSc. A staggered grid mesh is employed to reduce the discretization error. The 2nd order accuracy is obtained eventually. This method is validated by a case with a 2D uniform flow over a stationary or oscillating circular cylinder and a 3D uniform flow over a stationary sphere. Comparisons with previous studies are presented. Also, performances of parallelization, including parallelism and scalability, are tested.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Recasting Metal Alloy Phases with Block Copolymers

Crystalline order develops through a balance between short-range attractive and repulsive interactions ( 1 ) that not only operate on atoms but work at the nanoscale on supramolecular structures ( 2 ). Spherical particles often pack together into simple, high-symmetry arrangements, but more complex topologically close-packed structures, such as the Frank-Kasper σ phase ( 3 , 4 ) first seen in metal alloys, have also been observed (see the figure, panel A). Spherical supramolecular aggregates formed from polymers and monodisperse branched macromolecules ( 5 – 7 ) can be used to mimic atoms and explore how these phases arise. On page 349 of this issue, Lee et al. ( 8 ) show that linear block copolymers that form spherical aggregates through microphase separation can crystallize into a Frank-Kasper σ phase. Relative to metal alloys, the volume of its crystalline repeating unit, the unit cell, is six orders of magnitude greater (see the figure, panel C). The scaling up of atomic lattices by using spherical supramolecular aggregates is also of practical interest because such structures could be used as photonic materials ( 9 ), nanoreactors ( 5 ), or drug delivery vehicles ( 10 ).
Combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bevacizumab improves pathologic complete response in patients with hormone receptor negative operable or locally advanced breast cancer.

Objectives To evaluate the pathologic complete response (pCR) and safety of bevacizumab (B) with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting of breast cancer (BC). Methods A prospective single-arm, single-institution phase II trial for women with stage IIA-B/IIIA-B-C BC. Patients received neoadjuvant docetaxel, cyclophosphamide, B every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by doxorubicin every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by surgery. After healing, B was given every 3 weeks for 9 cycles. Radiation therapy, trastuzumab and endocrine therapy were given as indicated. Results Thirty-nine of 40 patients were evaluable. Median age of participants was 45 years (range, 26 to 72 y). The most serious grade ≥3 adverse events were infection (4), congestive heart failure (2), and pulmonary embolism (1). Thirty-eight of 39 patients underwent surgery. The pCR rate was 41% (16/39), significantly higher than the null-hypothesis rate of 25% (P=0.0204). Rates of pCR were 52% (15/29) in ductal carcinoma compared with 10% (1/10) in nonductal disease (P=0.021), and 59% (10/17) in estrogen receptor-/progesteron receptor- patients compared with 27% (6/22) among patient with at least one positive hormone receptor (P=0.047). African Americans (AA) had 75% pCR (9/12), whereas Whites had only 28% pCR (7/25; P=0.0069), possibly in part because 100% of AA (12/12) had ductal carcinoma compared with only 64% (16/25) of Whites (P=0.017). Conclusions Chemotherapy with B improved pCR in BC patients, but was associated with significant toxicity and rare but very serious complications. The improvement was more pronounced in AA patients, those with ductal carcinoma, and those with estrogen receptor-/progesteron receptor - BC.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00203502.
Optimal one-dimensional apodizations and shaped pupils for planet finding coronagraphy

The realization that direct imaging of extrasolar planets could be technologically feasible within the next decade or so has inspired a great deal of recent research into high-contrast imaging. We have contributed several design ideas, all of which can be described as shaped pupil coronagraphs. We offer a complete and unified survey of one-dimensional shaped pupil designs, some of which have been published in our previous papers. We also introduce a promising new design, which we call bar-code masks. With these masks we can achieve the required contrast with a fairly large discovery zone and throughput, but most importantly they are perhaps the easiest to manufacture and might therefore stand up best to refined analyses.
RETARDATION, CRIMINALITY, AND COMPETENCY TO STAND TRIAL AMONG MENTALLY RETARDED CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS: VIOLENT VERSUS NON-VIOLENT DEFENDANTS

ABSTRACT The mentally retarded criminal defendant has created substantial difficulty for the judicial system in terms of the determination of competency to stand trial. Mentally retarded criminal offenders are often portrayed as aggressive, violent, and sexually promiscuous. This study examines the interrelationship of mental retardation, violent behavior, and a judge's determination on competency to stand trial among 288 mentally retarded criminal defendants. Results show that the proclivity toward violent behavior is not correlated with the severity of mental retardation among retarded criminal defendants and the retarded defendant's criminality (violent or non-violent) has no effect on a judge's competency determination.
From Social Ties to Social Capital: Class Differences in the Relations Between Schools and Parent Networks

Focusing on parental networks—a central dimension of social capital—this article uses ethnographic data to examine social-class differences in the relations between families and schools. We detail the characteristics of networks across different classes and then explore the ways that networks come into play when parents are confronted by problematic school situations. The middle-class parents in our study tended to react collectively, in contrast to working-class and poor parents. The middle-class parents were also uniquely able to draw on contacts with professionals to mobilize the information, expertise, or authority needed to contest the judgments of school officials. We did not find substantial race differences. We affirm the importance of a resource-centered conception of social capital that grants the issue of inequality a predominant place.
A quasi-Newton versus a homotopy method for nonlinear structural analysis

The globally convergent quasi-Newton minimization algorithm and the homotopy algorithms are discussed in detail and their effectiveness in solving certain classes of highly nonlinear problems of structural analysis is demonstrated. The application of the double dogleg strategy controls the directions and step-lengths of the quasi-Newtonian algorithm and overcomes the problem of nonpositive definite Hessians being produced during the iteration process. The algorithms are applied to a centrally loaded clamped beam, the snap-through of a shallow arch, and a shallow reticulated dome.
Generic Style Music Preferences of Fifth-Grade Students

The primary intent of this study was to find fifth-graders' most preferred generic music style and identify the critical competitors of that style, if any existed. A short listening test was develo...
Physiological phenotyping of cholecystokinin-responsive rat taste receptor cells.

Abstract The recent discovery that subsets of rat taste receptor cells (TRCs) express the peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) and that subsets of TRCs respond to CCK with altered potassium currents or elevated intracellular calcium via CCK-A receptor has lead to the hypothesis that CCK may play a novel signaling role within the taste bud, perhaps modifying tastant responses by co-transmission with a classic transmitter. To better understand this phenomenon, CCK-responsive TRCs were characterized for sensitivity to two bitter stimuli, quinine or caffeine, or to the neurotransmitter ACh using a ratiometric procedure with the calcium sensitive dye fura-2. In characterizing TRC responses to quinine, it was observed that quinine-induced elevations of intracellular calcium were not due to endogenous fluorescence of the quinine molecule. Most (60–70%) CCK-responsive cells were also sensitive to either bitter stimuli or to cholinergic stimulation. These data suggest that TRCs expressing CCK-receptors also express receptors to bitter stimuli and/or muscarinic receptors. They further support the notion of a putative modulatory role of CCK with convergence of multiple inputs occurring at the level of intracellular calcium.
Subject characteristics in hypnosis research: II. Attitudes towards hypnosis, volunteer status, and personality measures. III. Some correlates of hypnotic susceptibility.

(1962). Subject characteristics in hypnosis research: Ii. attitudes towards hypnosis, volunteer status, and personality meaaures iii. some correlates of hypnotic susceptibility. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 13-21.