cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Profession in Transition: Discovery toAdaptation

Over the past century and half, groundwater has played an important role in the economic prosperity of the United States. The groundwater profession which has contributed to this prosperity has grown through the contributions of the U.S. and State Geological Surveys,academia, and industry. A century ago, the energies of the profession were channeled towards discovering new sources of groundwater in a largely unexplored land, and exploiting the resources for maximum economic benefit. Experience has since revealed that groundwater systems are finite, and are intimately linked to surface water bodies and the biosphere. A consequence is that aggressive exploitation of groundwater can lead to unacceptable environmental degradation and social cost. At present, the groundwater profession is in a state of transition from one of discovery and exploitation, to one of balancing resource development with avoiding unacceptable damage to the environment. This paper outlines the history of the groundwater profession in the United States since the late nineteenth century, and speculates on what may lie ahead in the near future, as the profession makes the transition from discovering new sources of groundwater to one of better understanding and adapting to nature's constraints.
Soundspace partitioning to increase communication efficiency in bird communities

Birds do not always vocalize at random, but may rather divide up soundspace in such a manner that they avoid overlap with the songs of other bird species. In effect, a high degree of communication efficiency can be achieved by many simultaneously active vocalists that finely integrate songs with minimal overlap. We describe this phenomenon from several recordings at our principal study location, near Volcano, California. The most-studied models for conceptualizing and studying such de-synchronized systems come from scheduling algorithms in computer science, where internet protocols involve packets of information that are broadcast widely; any collisions between them will corrupt the colliding packets so that they need to be resent. We have simulated some of these methods that might be appropriate for the soundspace of bird communities. Some features of these de-synchronized depend on specifics of the algorithms used.
A nonlinear PID-type controller utilizing fuzzy logic

This paper presents a new controller model, the fuzzy-PID controller, which merges PID control and fuzzy control in order to improve system performance especially when nonlinearity, uncertainty and complexity are involved. The proposed model provides a mechanism to achieve PID control selftuning and encodes different control strategies for use under different circumstances in a fuzzy rulebase. The rulebase can be adapted to different plants through successive refinement learning. The derived controller can always equal or better the performance of any PID controller. The new structure is implemented for several plants and demonstrates significant improvements in system performance. >
Robotic assembly of printed circuit boards with component feeder location consideration

Abstract The use of industrial robots for the assembly of printed circuit boards (PCB) is fast gaining popularity. Minimization of the time required for board assembly while maintaining production quality is the process planner's main task. This task involves the specification of the insertion sequence of components in their respective locations and the assignment of component types to feeders or dispensing magazine slots. The time taken by a robot to fetch a component for insertion is dependent on the location of the feeder that holds the component type. Similarly, board assembly lime is dependent on the order of component insertion on the board and the fetch time of components between insertions. In this paper, models to minimize the total assembly time for a board are developed and studied. Factors considered in the analysis of the assembly time are the component assignment to magazine
Convective cooling effect on cooled-tip catheter compared to large-tip catheter radiofrequency ablation.

BACKGROUND: Both actively cooled-tip and large-tip catheters are currently available clinically to create large endomyocardial lesions during application of radiofrequency (RF) energy. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of convective cooling at physiologic flow rates on RF lesion size using both actively cooled and large-tip catheters. METHODS: Porcine hearts were sectioned into 72 pieces and placed in a temperature-controlled saline bath (37 degrees C) with varying directed flow rates (0, 1, 2, and 3 L/min). Cooled-tip RF ablation (4 mm tip) was performed for 1 minute on 36 tissue sections with power manually titrated to keep tip temperature below 40 degrees C. Large-tip catheter ablation (10 mm tip) was performed at 65 degrees C target temperature for 1 minute on 36 tissue sections. For each catheter, flow rates were randomized between applications. The tissue pieces were sectioned and measured to determine lesion depth, width, and volume. RESULTS: Lesion dimensions were independent of the flow rate for the cooled-tip catheter (mean volumes: 382.0 +/- 121.6, 419.9 +/- 133.4, 375.9 +/- 169.1, and 346.7 +/- 173.4 mm(3) for 0, 1, 2, and 3 L/min flow rate, respectively, P = 0.78). For the large-tip catheter, lesion size varied significantly with flow, such that higher flow rates produced larger lesions (mean volumes: 120.7 +/- 50.7, 256.5 +/- 97.9, 393.4 +/- 149.9, and 548.9 +/- 157.0 mm(3) for 0, 1, 2, and 3 L/min flow rate respectively, P < 0.001) CONCLUSION: During RF ablation, blood flow rate significantly affects lesion size for large-tip but not cooled-tip catheters. At low flow rates (0-1 L/min) cooled-tip catheters create larger lesions, while at high flow rates (3 L/min) large-tip catheters create larger lesions.
Melting behavior of solid polymers on a metal surface at processing conditions

The melting or plasticating behavior of seven commercial polymers (high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyoxymethylene copolymer, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polycarbonate (PC) was investigated using an experimental apparatus specifically designed to measure the melting rate and the viscous shear stress of a solid polymer on a steel surface under precisely controlled conditions of temperature, velocity, pressure and sample width comparable to actual processing. The melting rate (per unit polymer solid/metal contact area) was found to increase with increasing temperature for all polymers except PC, to decrease with increasing sample width and to increase less than proportionally to velocity. Pressure increased the melting rate somewhat for most of the polymers. The viscous shear stress decreased with increasing temperature for all polymers except PC, decreased with increasing sample width and increased with increasing velocity. Pressure generally increased the viscous shear stress. PC showed an unusual behavior with a maximum in the melting rate near 4200°F(215.5°C) and also a maximum in the viscous shear stress near 445°F (229.4°C). The present melting model could be examined unequivocally for the first time using our experimental results. Comparison of our experimental results with the predictions of the present melting model clearly indicates the inadequacy of the present melting model, Our experimental results will provide a basis for rational development of a reliable melting model.
Optimizing Prefetch in a Residential Gateway with Networked Storage Systems

VOD services require the storage system support with multiple disks. SCSI-based systems are usual choices. However, disks can be attached directly to networks these days. Fiber channel arbitrated loop (FC-AL) is a leading network-accessible storage interface. As a residential service gateway, the FC-AL-based servers enable the stable delivery of high quality video to thousands of clients between external service providers and local clients. We have observed that, even though they performs better than conventional SCSI-based systems, all the disks in FC-AL-based VOD servers utilize only a small portion of their caches to a similar degree due to FC-AL fairness arbitration algorithm. In this paper, we analyze the impact of prefetching on the performance of the FC-AL-based systems according to disk block/cache size. Analysis is also focused on how to find the optimal number of blocks transmitted to the FC-AL from the disk cache per FC-AL arbitration among multiple disks. Finally, simulation results show that a 16-disk system provides over 800 concurrent video streams with quality guarantee, supporting our analytical model
A cascade of ER exit site assembly that is regulated by p125A and lipid signals.

The inner and outer layers of COPII mediate cargo sorting and vesicle biogenesis. Sec16A and p125A (officially known as SEC23IP) proteins interact with both layers to control coat activity, yet the steps directing functional assembly at ER exit sites (ERES) remain undefined. By using temperature blocks, we find that Sec16A is spatially segregated from p125A-COPII-coated ERES prior to ER exit at a step that required p125A. p125A used lipid signals to control ERES assembly. Within p125A, we defined a C-terminal DDHD domain found in phospholipases and PI transfer proteins that recognized PA and phosphatidylinositol phosphates in vitro and was targeted to PI4P-rich membranes in cells. A conserved central SAM domain promoted self-assembly and selective lipid recognition by the DDHD domain. A basic cluster and a hydrophobic interface in the DDHD and SAM domains, respectively, were required for p125A-mediated functional ERES assembly. Lipid recognition by the SAM–DDHD module was used to stabilize membrane association and regulate the spatial segregation of COPII from Sec16A, nucleating the coat at ERES for ER exit.
Profibrotic influence of high glucose concentration on cardiac fibroblast functions: effects of losartan and vitamin E.

Long-standing diabetes can result in the development of cardiomyopathy, which can be accompanied by myocardial fibrosis. Although exposure of cultured kidney and skin fibroblasts to high glucose (H...
Small Is Beautiful: Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Role in Growth, Development, and Cancer

Insulin-like growth factors were discovered more than 50 years ago as mediators of growth hormone that effect growth and differentiation of bone and skeletal muscle. Interest of the role of insulin-like growth factors in cancer reached a peak in the 1990s, and then waned until the availability in the past 5 years of monoclonal antibodies and small molecules that block the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. In this article, we review the history of insulin-like growth factors and their role in growth, development, organism survival, and in cancer, both epithelial cancers and sarcomas. Recent developments regarding phase I to II clinical trials of such agents are discussed, as well as potential studies to consider in the future, given the lack of efficacy of one such monoclonal antibody in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in a first-line study in metastatic non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma. Greater success with these agents clinically is expected when combining the agents with inhibitors of other cell signaling pathways in which cross-resistance has been observed.
Rethinking the "Early" Decline of Marital Fertility in the United States

In this article, I rely on new estimates of nineteenth-century mortality and the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series to construct new estimates of white fertility in the nineteenth-century United States. Unlike previous estimates that showed a long-term decline in overall fertility beginning at or before the turn of the nineteenth century, the new estimates suggest that U.S. fertility did not begin its secular decline until circa 1840. Moreover, new estimates of white marital fertility, based on “own-children” methods, suggest that the decline in marital fertility did not begin in the nation as a whole until after the Civil War (1861–1865).
Computer simulation of nerve growth cone filopodial dynamics for visualization and analysis.

The neuronal growth cone plays a fundamental role in nerve development and regeneration. A sensory-motile structure, it determines the path of axonal extension through its interactions with the extracellular environment, ultimately directing the formation of functional connections in the nervous system. Though several mechanisms of interaction have been proposed, these have been difficult to describe quantitatively due to the complexity of growth cone behavior, as manifested in the randomly and rapidly changing shape of the growth cone. The application of mathematical techniques to model growth cone shape and motility in terms of underlying processes represents a promising approach with untapped potential for helping to unravel this complexity while revealing new insights into axonal pathfinding events. This paper presents a simulation model for filopodial dynamics, a primary feature of the motile growth cone. The model produces realizations of dynamic filopodial structure on representative growth cones for a given set of model parameters, which include the rates of filopodial initiation, extension, and retraction, filopodial length at maximum extension, and angular orientation. These parameters are based on recent experimental characterization of filopodial dynamics [Buettner et al., 1994: Dev. Biol. 163:407–422]. The mathematical relationship between the model parameters and average filopodial number and length per growth cone is described, and the contribution of individual parameters to overall filopodial morphology is illustrated both visually and numerically. In addition, the model is used to simulate filopodial encounter with a target for various conditions of filopodial dynamics. The result is characterized in terms of a mean encounter time for a population of growth cones and provides an indication of the effect of individual parameters of filopodial dynamics on the encounter process. Future experimental testing will be required to develop the model further. However, in its current form, the model enables a first approximation analysis of many hypotheses of growth cone migration and pathfinding and offers insight into the the underlying mechanismes of nerve growth and regeneration. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diabetes Mellitus and Trends in Hospital Survival After Myocardial Infarction, 1994 to 2006 Data From the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction

Background— Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk for mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). Despite an overall trend of reduced mortality after MI, the mortality gap between MI patients with and without DM did not decrease over time in previous analyses. We assessed recent trends in hospital mortality for patients with MI according to DM status. Methods and Results— We analyzed data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction, a contemporary registry of MI patients treated in 1964 hospitals, representing approximately one fourth of all US acute care hospitals. The study comprised 1734431 MI patients enrolled from 1994 to 2006, including 502315 (29%) with DM. Crude hospital mortality decreased in all patients between 1994 and 2006 but remained higher in patients with DM compared with those without DM throughout the study. The absolute difference in mortality between patients with and without DM significantly narrowed over time, from 15.6% versus 11.5% in 1994 to 8.0% versus 6.8% in 2006 ( P <0.001 for DM × time interaction). The adjusted odds ratio for mortality associated with DM declined from 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.32) in 1994 to 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.19) in 2006 ( P <0.001 for trend). The largest improvement in hospital mortality was observed in diabetic women (17.9% in 1994 versus 8.4% in 2006; P <0.001). Conclusions— The hospital mortality gap between MI patients with and without DM narrowed significantly from 1994 to 2006, with the greatest improvement observed in women with DM.
Blue Gene/L Log Analysis and Time to Interrupt Estimation

System- and application-level failures could be characterized by analyzing relevant log files. The resulting data might then be used in numerous studies on and future developments for the mission-critical and large scale computational architecture, including fields such as failure prediction, reliability modeling, performance modeling and power awareness. In this paper, system logs covering a six month period of the Blue Gene/L supercomputer were obtained and subsequently analyzed. Temporal filtering was applied to remove duplicated log messages. Optimistic and pessimistic perspectives were exerted on filtered log information to observe failure behavior within the system. Further, various time to repair factors were applied to obtain application time to interrupt, which will be exploited in further resilience modeling research.
Anacharsis in a Letter of Apollonius of Tyana

Philostratus remarks on the terseness of the letters of Apollonius of Tyana ( Vita Apoll. 7.35, cf. 4.27), and letter 61 is a good example of that stylistic feature. Addressed to a Lesbonax, it says: ᾽Agr;νἀχαπσις o Σκὑθης ῆν σπφoς ei δὲ Σκὐθης, ὃτι καi ϳκὐθης (‘Anacharsis the Scythian was a sage.. And if he was a Scythian, then it was because he was a Scythian that he was a sage’). In my commentary to the letters, I observed that Apollonius is drawing here on the tradition of the Scythians as an idealized race, unspoiled by the cultivations of Greek city life, and is implicitly criticizing his contemporaries in the Greek world for not living up to the high ideals of Hellenism. I compared a critical remark in letter 34 that alludes to Euripides, Orestes 485: “ἐβαπβαπὡθ” οὐ “χπoνιος ὢν ἀφ’ ‘Eλλἁδι. More can now be said.
Design and Demonstration of a Flexible Matrix Composite Actuated Flap in a UAV

Morphing wings are of great interest in the aerospace community. Control surfaces with continuously variable geometry can increase the efficiency of aircraft aerodynamics. This research focuses on demonstrating a morphing flap on a small span-wise section of the trailing edge in a wing for a small unmanned air vehicle (UAV). The flaps used flexible matrix composite (FMC) actuators embedded in a flexible structure, rather than hinged control surfaces with conventional actuators. This created a local aerodynamic control force whose effect can be measured using the UAV’s on-board flight control system. After multiple design iterations, in which the FMC actuator material and structure were varied, the final design incorporates a carbon fiber frame with an actuator system embedded in a foam matrix. The FMC control surfaces were successfully demonstrated in flight tests on the eSPAARO unmanned aerial vehicle.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Crafting Core/Graded Shell–Shell Quantum Dots with Suppressed Re‐absorption and Tunable Stokes Shift as High Optical Gain Materials

The key to utilizing quantum dots (QDs) as lasing media is to effectively reduce non-radiative processes, such as Auger recombination and surface trapping. A robust strategy to craft a set of CdSe/Cd1−xZnxSe1−ySy/ZnS core/graded shell–shell QDs with suppressed re-absorption, reduced Auger recombination rate, and tunable Stokes shift is presented. In sharp contrast to conventional CdSe/ZnS QDs, which have a large energy level mismatch between CdSe and ZnS and thus show strong re-absorption and a constrained Stokes shift, the as-synthesized CdSe/Cd1−xZnxSe1−ySy/ZnS QDs exhibited the suppressed re-absorption of CdSe core and tunable Stokes shift as a direct consequence of the delocalization of the electron wavefunction over the entire QD. Such Stokes shift-engineered QDs with suppressed re-absorption may represent an important class of building blocks for use in lasers, light emitting diodes, solar concentrators, and parity-time symmetry materials and devices.
Compost source and rate effects on soil macronutrient availability under saint augustine grass and bermuda grass turf

Compost application to turf grasses can increase availability of nutrients in soil and improve growth, but can potentially lead to accumulation of macronutrients in soil and contribute to leaching and runoff losses. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of compost source and application rate on concentrations of plant-available macronutrients in soil over 29 months after a one-time application to saint augustine grass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] and Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf. Compost application increased soil organic C, P, Ca, and S concentrations by 3 months after addition, but further increases from 3 to 29 months were seldom observed. In contrast, NO3-N and K levels declined while Mg levels increased slightly from 3 to 29 months. Seasonal or cyclical patterns of soil macronutrient levels were apparent, as lower concentrations were observed during dormant stages of Bermuda grass growth in winter. Initial macronutrient concentrations of compos...
Recurrent Sequences and Pascal's Triangle

(1968). Recurrent Sequences and Pascal's Triangle. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 13-21.
Impact of antenna group delay variations on protection levels

Requirements for single frequency airborne antenna group delays were developed after the completion of ground and airborne specifications for aircraft precision approach operations using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Airborne antenna group delays were not included in the aircraft position protection level calculations as they were assumed to be part of the allocation for aircraft pseudorange noise and multipath. Unfortunately, the dual-frequency antennas used for the characterization of aircraft pseudorange noise and multipath exhibit much smaller group delay variations as a function of signal arrival angle than the allowable errors for single frequency antennas. Therefore, antenna group delay variations must be treated as a new error source for high-accuracy aviation applications such as the Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS), the Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) and future Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) concepts. This paper provides an analysis of the impact of antenna group delay variations on aircraft position protection levels for single frequency users. In addition, it is shown that dual-frequency users experience similar group delay errors as single frequency users when an ionosphere-free pseudorange solution is used.
Probability Measures on a Hilbert Space

We assume throughout that ℋ is a separable, real Hilbert space. Let x1,...xn be n elements (distinct or not) in ℋ and let B be a Borel set in Euclidean n-space En. Then by a “cylinder” set we mean the set of all y such that the n-tuple f {[y, xi]} is in B: $$\left\{ {y\left| {\left\{ {\left[ {y,{x_i}} \right]} \right\}} \right.\varepsilon B} \right\}$$ Let ℋn denote the finite dimensional subspace generated by the elements xl,..xn. The dimension of ℋn may well be less than n. Note that if Pn denotes the projection operator projecting ℋ onto ℋ n, then if y belongs to the cylinder set, so does $${P_n}y + \left( {I - {P_n}} \right)\mathcal{H}$$ which explains the name “cylinder” set. We can also describe the set in a slightly different (and more general) language. Let us take any finite dimensional subspace ℋm in ℋ. We know what is meant by a Borel subset of ℋm. By a cylinder set we mean any set of the form $$B + orthogonal{\text{ complement of }}{{\text{H}}_m}$$ where B is a Borel subset of ℋm. The Borel set B is then called the “base” of the cylinder, and ℋm the “base” space or “generating” space.
Module Interface Access

There are two ways that modules may gain access to interface variables: through the module’s calling sequence or through COMMON blocks. Each variable is available by each method; however, module contributors are urged to access interface variables through COMMON blocks because this shortens the symbol table required by the ELLPACK preprocessor (see Section 16.A). Since the former method is straightforward we only describe the arrangement of interface variables in COMMON blocks.
The Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of 9-(X-Phenyl)-guanines Reversibly Inhibiting Guanine Deaminase: Quantitative Comparison of Enzyme from Two Sources

The structure-activity relationship for 9-(X-phenyl)guanines inhibiting guanine deaminase (EC [3.5.4.3][1]) has been studied using substituent constants and regression analysis. The resulting quantitative relationship confirms what one might expect a priori: there are two types of space in or on an enzyme with which substituents might interact. Substituents in position 4 of the phenyl ring interact with hydrophobic space, while substituents in position 3 interact with polar space. The electronic effects of substituents on the phenyl ring appear to be of very minor importance. Steric effects of 2-functions are quite important. Equations were formulated for enzymes from two sources: rabbit liver and Walker 256 rat tumor. While different sets of congeners were studied with the two different enzymes, similar equations were obtained, showing the great similarity in enzyme from two different sources. [1]: pending:yes
Stress and Parasympathetic Control

Phylogenetic changes in the vertebrate autonomic nervous system illustrate the changing functions of vagal pathways. In mammals, these changes are mapped into a hierarchy of neural-regulated responses to stressors. Unique to mammals is a myelinated vagus that functions like a brake to slow the heart and to rapidly inhibit sympathetic and adrenal activity. This neural circuit dampens stress reactivity and promotes social behavior. Withdrawal of the myelinated vagus promotes sympathetic activation and mobilization behaviors (i.e., fight-or-flight). Under unique conditions, when sympathetic activation and mobilization are depressed, the inhibitory influence of the primitive unmyelinated vagus reacts to threat by immobilization and reduced metabolic activity.
The Racial Ecology of Lead Poisoning

This paper examines the racial ecology of lead exposure as a form of environmental inequity, one with both historical and contemporary significance. Drawing on comprehensive data from over one million blood tests administered to Chicago children from 1995-2013 and matched to over 2300 geographic block groups, we address two major questions: (1) What is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and variability in children’s elevated lead prevalence levels? And (2) what is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and rates of change in children’s prevalence levels over time within neighborhoods? We further assess an array of structural explanations for observed racial disparities, including socioeconomic status, type and age of housing, proximity to freeways and smelting plants, and systematic observations of housing decay and neighborhood disorder. Overall, our theoretical framework posits lead toxicity as a major environmental pathway through which racial segregation has contributed to the legacy of Black disadvantage in the United States. Our findings support this hypothesis and show alarming racial disparities in toxic exposure, even after accounting for possible structural explanations. At the same time, however, our longitudinal results show the power of public health policies to reduce racial inequities.
SRAL: Shared Representative Appearance Learning for Long-Term Visual Place Recognition

Place recognition, or loop closure detection, is an essential component to address the problem of visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Long-term navigation of robots in outdoor environments introduces new challenges to enable life-long SLAM, including the strong appearance change resulting from vegetation, weather, and illumination variations across various times of the day, different days, months, or even seasons. In this paper, we propose a new shared representative appearance learning (SRAL) approach to address long-term visual place recognition. Different from previous methods using a single feature modality or a concatenation of multiple features, our SRAL method autonomously learns representative features that are shared in all scene scenarios, and then fuses the features together to represent the long-term appearance of environments observed by a robot during life-long navigation. By formulating SRAL as a regularized optimization problem, we use structured sparsity-inducing norms to model interrelationships of feature modalities. In addition, an optimization algorithm is developed to efficiently solve the formulated optimization problem, which holds a theoretical convergence guarantee. Extensive empirical study was performed to evaluate the SRAL method using large-scale benchmark datasets, including St Lucia, CMU-VL, and Nordland datasets. Experimental results have shown that our SRAL method obtains superior performance for life-long place recognition using individual images, outperforms previous single image-based methods, and is capable of estimating the importance of feature modalities.
TRENDS IN PREVALENCE AND IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY OF NSTEMI PATIENTS WITH SOLID TUMOR CANCER: THE NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS FROM 1998-2013

Background: The prevalence and outcomes in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome with pre-existing cancer has been under-represented in major clinical trials. We sought to assess the temporal trends in the prevalence of Non ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) with the most
Factors Associated With the Use of U.S. Community–Based Palliative Care for Children With Life-Limiting or Life-Threatening Illnesses and Their Families: An Integrative Review

Abstract Context As children with life-limiting illnesses (LLIs) and life-threatening illnesses (LTIs) live longer, challenges to meeting their complex health care needs arise in homes and communities, as well as in hospitals. Integrated knowledge regarding community-based pediatric palliative care (CBPPC) is needed to strategically plan for a seamless continuum of care for children and their families. Objectives The purpose of this integrative review article is to explore factors that are associated with the use of CBPPC for U.S. children with LLIs and LTIs and their families. Methods A literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, and an ancestry search was performed to identify empirical studies and program evaluations published between 2000 and 2016. The methodological protocol included an evaluation of empirical quality and explicit data collection of synthesis procedures. Results Forty peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative methodological interdisciplinary articles were included in the final sample. Patient characteristics such as older age and a solid tumor cancer diagnosis and interpersonal factors such as family support were associated with higher CBPPC use. Organizational features were the most frequently discussed factors that increased CBPPC, including the importance of interprofessional hospice services and interorganizational care coordination for supporting the child and family at home. Finally, geography, concurrent care and hospice eligibility regulations, and funding and reimbursement mechanisms were associated with CBPPC use on a community and systemic level. Conclusion Multilevel factors are associated with increased CBPPC use for children with LLIs or LTIs and their families in the U.S.
Behavioral and biochemical sensitivity to low doses of ketamine: Influence of estrous cycle in C57BL/6 mice.

Abstract Rationale Low-dose ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant, to which female rodents are more sensitive as compared to males. However, the mechanism mediating this sex difference in ketamine sensitivity remains elusive. Objectives We sought to determine whether male and female mice differ in their behavioral sensitivity to low doses of ketamine, and uncover how ovarian hormones influence females’ ketamine sensitivity. We also aimed to uncover some of the molecular mechanism(s) in mood-related brain regions that mediate sex differences in ketamine antidepressant effects. Methods Male and female mice (freely-cycling, diestrus 1 [D1], proestrus [Pro], or D1 treated with an estrogen receptor (ER) α, ERβ, or progesterone receptor (PR) agonist) received ketamine (0, 1.5, or 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and were tested in the forced swim test (FST) 30 min later. Ketamine's influence over synaptic plasticity markers in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) of males, D1, and Pro females was quantified by Western blot 1 h post-treatment. Results Males, freely cycling females, D1 and Pro females exhibited antidepressant-like responses to 3 mg/kg ketamine. Pro females were the only group where ketamine exhibited an antidepressant effect at 1.5 mg/kg. D1 females treated with an agonist for ERα or ERβ exhibited an antidepressant-like response to 1.5 mg/kg ketamine. Ketamine (3 mg/kg) increased synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the PFC and HPC of males, D1, and Pro females. Yet, Pro females exhibited an increase in p-Akt and p-CaMKIIα in response to 1.5 and 3 mg/kg ketamine. Conclusion Our results indicate that females’ enhanced sensitivity to ketamine during Pro is likely mediated through estradiol acting on ERα and ERβ, leading to greater activation of synaptic plasticity-related kinases within the PFC and HPC.
Housing, citizenship, and communities for people with serious mental illness.

One of the biggest struggles for people with serious mental illness (SMI) is the ability to find adequate housing. Contributing to this struggle is the cascading effects of mental illness. For exam...
Prospects for Precision Medicine in Glomerulonephritis Treatment

Background:Glomerulonephritis (GN) consists of a group of kidney diseases that are categorized based on shared histopathological features. The current classifications for GN make it difficult to di...
Abstract 18940: Application of the HeartMateII Risk Score in Patients With Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Background: Survival with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is dependent on appropriate patient selection. The Heart Mate II Risk Score (HMRS) was recently derived and validated in clinical trial patients to predict 90 day mortality following implantation of a continuous flow LVAD. The aim of this study was to test the validity of the HMRS in our patient population. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients implanted with HeartMate II (Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA) LVADs from March 31, 2004 to September 20, 2012. Patients were stratified according to HMRS profiles (HMRS Low 2.48) calculated using age, albumin, creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR) and center volume. Outcome was defined as survival at 90 days post-device implantation. Results: HeartMate II LVADs were implanted in 205 patients. Pre-operative data from 201 patients were categorized into HMRS Low (n=101; 1.04 (0.64-1.31)), HMRS Medium (n=73; 1.98 (1.78-2.25)), and HMRS High (n=27, 3.07 (2.70-3.43)); p Conclusion: The HMRS successfully stratifies patients according to pre-operative clinical characteristics. In our HeartMate II LVAD population, the HMRS demonstrated poor discrimination for 90 day mortality. HMRS generalizability may be limited.
Singapore’s Green Corridor park as a homegrown import

Singapore’s new Green or Rail Corridor created on the site of the former Keretapi Tanah Meleyu (KTM) rail line resembles influential global models like Manhattan’s repurposed elevated rail line park, High Line. In fact, the roots of the Green Corridor are more properly located in Singapore’s planning and nature conservancy traditions going back decades. The straight-line dimensions and, by Singaporean standards, less manicured appearance of the Green Corridor enables this green space to capture the human and natural diversity and complexity of an urban setting better known for its uniform standards and “master plans.” In the process opportunities have opened up for partnerships between state and civil society in the planning process.
[Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in coronary artery disease].

Die Blockade der membranstandigen thrombozytaren Glykoprotein-(GP-)IIb/IIIa-Rezeptoren stellt eine innovative Strategie in Richtung einer potenten Hemmung der Plattchenaktivitat im Bereich der rupturierten Koronarplaque dar. GP-IIb/IIIa-Rezeptoren binden an zirkulierendes Fibrinogen oder Von-Willebrand-Faktor und fuhren so zu einer Vernetzung von Thrombozyten als eine gemeinsame Endstrecke der Plattchenaggregation. Intravenose Pharmaka sind gegen diese Rezeptoren gerichtet, wobei einerseits ein chimares monoklonales Antikorperfragment (Abciximab) und andererseits peptidische (Eptifibatid) und nichtpeptidische (Tirofiban und Lamifiban) Mimetika zur Verfugung stehen. In zahlreichen plazebokontrollierten, gros angelegten klinischen Studien wurden diese Substanzen auf ihre Wirksamkeit uberpruft. Im Rahmen von perkutanen Koronarinterventionen konnte eine absolute Reduktion des Risikos, innerhalb von 30 Tagen den kombinierten Endpunkt aus Tod und Myokardinfarkt zu erleiden oder eine dringliche neuerliche Revaskularisation zu benotigen, um 1,5–6,5% erreicht werden. Es wurde eine erhebliche Variabiliat des Behandlungseffekts zwischen den einzelnen gepruften Substanzen (Abciximab, Eptifibatid, Tirofiban) nachgewiesen. Ein Behandlungseffekt wurde sehr fruhzeitig und mit jeder Art von Koronarintervention gezeigt und konnte bereits uber einen Langzeitverlauf (> 3 Jahre) dokumentiert werden. Das erhohte Blutungsrisikos ist durch eine Reduktion und Gewichtsanpassung der begleitenden Heparinisierung zu reduzieren. Beim akuten Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Strecken-Hebung im EKG wird das Risiko, innerhalb von 30 Tagen den kombinierten Endpunkt aus Tod und Myokardinfarkt zu erleiden, durch eine 2- bis 4-tagige Behandlungsdauer mit Eptifibatid oder Tirofiban um 1,5–3,2% reduziert. Ein klinischer Vorteil war sowohl wahrend der Behandlungsphase als auch daruber hinaus nachzuweisen. Eine fruhzeitige Koronarrevaskularisation steigert die Effektivitat der GP-IIb/IIIa-Rezeptor-Blockade. Die Zielsetzung des Einsatzes dieser Substanzen ist eine Stabilisierung vor der Intervention und eine Reduktion der interventionsassoziierten ischamischen Ereignisse. Somit ist eine Blockade der thrombozytaren GP-IIb/IIIa-Rezeptoren als Zusatzbehandlung bei perkutanen Koronarinterventionen und der Behandlung akuter Koronarsyndrome geeignet, ischamische Komplikationen zu reduzieren.
Neural correlates of taste reward value across eating disorders.

Abstract Individuals with eating disorders (ED) make extreme food choices, raising the possibility of altered food-value computation. We utilized an associative taste reward learning paradigm to test whether value signaling differs between participants with EDs vs. healthy controls (HC). We followed up on previous work examining prediction error (PE) signaling, which is a brain response to violation of a learned reward contingency. Expected value (EV) signal is a trial-by-trial assessment of reward significance accounting for error signaling, reward-likelihood, and learning rate. Adult female participants ( N = 111) performed a temporal difference (TD) fMRI taste task, which is a specific type of associative reward learning paradigm, to determine EV signal: Anorexia Nervosa-ill ( N = 28), Anorexia Nervosa-recovered ( N = 20), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) ( N = 20), and HC ( N = 43). Anatomical region-of-interest (ROI) analyses were performed utilizing EV regressors derived via algorithm, with ROIs based on prior EV analyses: orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate (ACC), amygdala, and striatum. EV signal was elevated in the bilateral ACC in AN-ill vs. HC and BN. Intolerance of uncertainty negatively correlated with EV in AN-ill. BMI and EV were negatively-correlated across groups. Altered ACC EV computation in response to food stimuli could contribute to food restriction in AN-ill.
Shear band broadening in simulated glasses

A model for shear band width as a function of applied strain is proposed that describes shear bands as pulled fronts which propagate into an unsteady state. The evolving structural state of material ahead of and behind the front is defined according to effective temperature shear-transformation-zone theory. The model is compared to another that is based on dimensional analysis and assumes shear band dynamics is governed by the strain rate within the shear band. These models are evaluated on three material systems: a two-dimensional binary Lennard-Jones glass, a ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{64}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{36}$ glass modeled using an embedded atom method potential, and a Si glass modeled using the Stillinger-Weber potential. Shear bands form in all systems across a variety of quench rates and appear to either broaden to the system size or saturate to a finite width, remaining contained within the simulation cell. The dimensional analysis-based model appears to apply only when band growth is uncontained, indicating the dominance of a single timescale in the early stages of shear band development. The front propagation model, which reduces to the dimensional analysis model, applies to both contained and uncontained band growth. This result suggests that competition between the rate of shear-induced configurational disordering and thermal relaxation sets a maximum width for shear bands in a variety of material systems.
Temporal trends, determinants, and impact of high-intensity statin prescriptions after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a large single-center prospective registry.

Background High-intensity statins (HIS) are recommended for secondary prevention following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to describe temporal trends and determinants of HIS prescriptions after PCI in a usual-care setting. Methods All patients with age ≤75 years undergoing PCI between January 2011 and May 2016 at an urban, tertiary care center and discharged with available statin dosage data were included. HIS were defined as atorvastatin 40 or 80 mg, rosuvastatin 20 or 40 mg, and simvastatin 80 mg. Results A total of 10,495 consecutive patients were included. Prevalence of HIS prescriptions nearly doubled from 36.6% in 2011 to 60.9% in 2016 (P Conclusion Although the rate of HIS prescriptions after PCI has increased in recent years, important heterogeneity remains and should be addressed to improve practices in patients undergoing PCI.
Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Lung Cancer: Questions and Challenges

Lung cancer represents 13% of all cancers, making it the second most common type of malignancy in the United States. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States and accounts for nearly 18% of all deaths from cancer. Because of its high mortality rate, lung cancer is associated with an increased rate of distress. Patients use various strategies to cope with this distress during and after cancer treatments, and complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) has become a common coping strategy. This review covers major questions and challenges of incorporating CIM during and beyond treatment for lung cancer. The questions revolve around determining the value of nutrition and nutritional supplements, assessing the role of exercise, addressing the mind-body connection, enhancing the benefit of immunotherapy, and determining the benefit of incorporating complementary therapies such as acupuncture and homeopathy. This review may provide a basis for discussion that can enhance patient-doctor dialogue regarding the use of CIM during and after treatment for lung cancer.
The Intensity Distribution of Faint Gamma-ray Bursts Detected with BATSE

We have recently completed a search of 6 years of archival BATSE data for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that were too faint to activate the real-time burst detection system running onboard the spacecraft. These "non-triggered" bursts can be combined with the "triggered" bursts detected onboard to produce a GRB intensity distribution that reaches peak fluxes a factor of 2 lower than could be studied previously. The value of the V/Vmax statistic (in Euclidean space) for the bursts we detect is 0.177 +/- 0.006. This surprisingly low value is obtained because we detected very few bursts on the 4.096 s and 8.192 s time scales (where most bursts have their highest signal-to-noise ratio) that were not already detected on the 1.024 s time scale. If allowance is made for a power-law distribution of intrinsic peak luminosities, the extended peak flux distribution is consistent with models in which the redshift distribution of the gamma-ray burst rate approximately traces the star formation history of the Universe. We argue that this class of models is preferred over those in which the burst rate is independent of redshift. We use the peak flux distribution to derive a limit of 10% (99% confidence) on the fraction of the total burst rate that could be contributed by a spatially homogeneous (in Euclidean space) subpopulation of burst sources, such as type Ib/c supernovae. These results lend support to the conclusions of previous studies predicting that relatively few faint "classical" GRBs will be found below the BATSE onboard detection threshold.
Disparities in the Use of Chemotherapy in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Introduction of effective systemic therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has demonstrated survival benefit. However, chemotherapy remains underutilized in these patients. We sought to investigate the implications of disparities on the trends in utilization of chemotherapy. A retrospective study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database identified patients who underwent surgical resection for PDAC from 1998 to 2014. Clinicopathologic, demographic, racial, and geographical factors were analyzed to assess associations with receipt of chemotherapy and disease-specific survival. A total of 15,585 patients were included in the study. A majority (N = 9953, 63.9%) received chemotherapy. Factors associated with poorer odds of receiving chemotherapy included older age (p < 0.001), African-American race (p = 0.003), and living in the Southwest region of the USA (p < 0.001). Married patients were at higher odds of receiving chemotherapy (all p < 0.001). Receipt of chemotherapy was independently associated with improved disease-specific survival (p < 0.001). Receipt of chemotherapy results in an improved survival in patients with resected PDAC. Demographic, racial, and geographic factors influence the rate of receipt of chemotherapy. Despite prior reports, these trends have not changed over the recent decades.
Degree powers in graphs with a forbidden even cycle

Let $C_{l}$ denote the cycle of length $l$. For $p\geq2$ and integer $k\geq1$, we prove that the function $$ \phi\left( k,p,n\right) =\max_G\left\{ \sum_{u\in V\left( G\right) } d^{p}\left( u\right)\right\} $$ (where the maximum is over graphs $G$ of order $n$ containing no $C_{2k+2}$) satisfies $\phi\left( k,p,n\right) =kn^{p}\left( 1+o\left( 1\right) \right)$. This settles a conjecture of Caro and Yuster. Our proof is based on a new sufficient condition for long paths.