cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scholarly pursuit in the clinical setting: An obligation of professional nursing

Scholarly pursuit in the clinical setting is an essential component of the development of nursing as a profession. All nurses have a professional obligation to participate in the generation and testing of nursing knowledge. The success of such scholarly efforts calls for collaboration between nursing education and nursing service, new partnerships between academicians and clinicians, and the development of an array of research participation skills. As in other practice disciplines, nursing has experienced difficulty in translating its research into the practice setting. The lack of relevance of research to clinical practice, and the historic separation of academia and service have slowed the growth of scholarly activities in the clinical setting. However, changing attitudes about nursing research are creating new opportunities for scholarly pursuit in the clinical setting. Successful clinical research programs foster new roles for researchers and demonstrate planned social change to support positive attitudes about research among nurses. This paper will also examine how a few of these new paths of scholarly pursuit have been operationalized in one setting.
The rate of collisions due to Brownian or gravitational motion of small drops

Quantitative predictions of the collision rate of two spherical drops undergoing Brownian diffusion or gravitational sedimentation are presented. The diffusion equation for relative Brownian motion of two drops is derived, and the relative motion of pairs of drops in gravitational sedimentation is traced via a trajectory analysis in order to develop theoretical models to determine the collision efficiencies, both with and without interparticle forces applied between the drops. It is concluded that finite collision rates between nondeforming fluid drops are possible for Brownian diffusion or gravitational sedimentation in the absence of attractive forces, in stark contrast to the prediction that lubrication forces prevent rigid spheres from contacting each other unless an attractive force that becomes infinite as the separation approaches zero is applied. Collision rates are shown to increase as the viscosity of the drop-phase decreases. In general, hydrodynamic interactions reduce the collision rates more for gravitational collisions than for Brownian collisions.
Risk Factors for Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease

The occurrence of chronic kidney disease and subsequent rate of loss of renal function are highly variable among individuals with the same underlying cause of renal injury or degree of functional impairment. Individual variability of risk is typical of complex diseases and reflects the multifactorial nature of the biologic mechanisms that are involved in the underlying disease process. The utility of the risk factor concept in developing CKD prevention and control strategies includes identifying individuals at high risk for the occurrence and progression of CKD, defining at-risk populations, elucidating potential targets for intervention, and generating explanatory hypotheses for the variable risk of CKD noted in different populations. Future application of the risk factor concept in the prevention and control of CKD will entail developing multivariate prediction equations; using spatial and temporal, as well as personal, characteristics, to define at-risk populations; identifying biomarkers for complex risk factors like race; and translating this information into testable interventions. This should include active extension of our current understanding of health care, social, and economic risk factors at both the individual and the community level.
Admission control and preemption policy design of multi-class computer networks

The subject of optimal admission control for maximizing revenue in multiclass loss networks has been well studied. Preemption policies, employed in the Differentiated Services network architecture, serve as an additional type of loss network control, where active low priority calls may be selectively preempted upon the arrival of a high priority call. This paper studies the joint use of admission control and preemption for a two class loss link where per-class revenues are earned per unit time for each active call, and an instantaneous preemption cost is incurred whenever the preemption mechanism is employed. Our main result is if the preemption cost is not too high then the system revenue under the optimal preemption policy with no admission control (complete sharing) exceeds that of the optimal admission control policy with no preemption. That is, preemption control is superior to admission control provided the preemption cost is not too high. Results are established via dynamic programming.
Proteolytic bacteria in the lower digestive tract of poultry may affect avian influenza virus pathogenicity

Proteolytic cleavage of hemagglutinin is required for cell entry by receptor-mediated endocytosis and plays a key role in pathogenicity of the influenza virus. Despite several studies describing relationships between bacterial proteases and influenza A viral activation in mammals, very little is known about the role of the normal bacterial flora of birds on hemagglutinin activation. We examined the indigenous intestinal microflora of 100 mixed-sex, 27-d-old Ross chickens from a commercial poultry facility for protease-secreting bacteria. Protease-secreting bacteria were isolated from 82 of 100 chickens with 50 birds exhibiting 2 or more protease-secreting bacterial species. A total of 20 protease-secreting bacterial species were identified: 17 gram-positive cocci, 2 gram-positive rods, and 1 gram-negative rod. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Proteus mirabilis were the most frequently observed protease-secreting bacterial species. The presence of proteolytic bacteria in the intestinal tract of poultry in this study suggests the possibility of yet-to-be-described role(s) in cleavage of hemagglutinin that may alter the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses.
A practical methodology for the statistical design of complex logic products for performance

Contradictory trends in the industrial design environment have increased uncertainty while decreasing the tolerance to uncertainty. Worst case design techniques, still widely used in industry, do not provide the accuracy required to design under these conditions. On the other hand, statistical design techniques do provide a significant improvement in accuracy, by virtue of their "circuit adaptive" behavior, but at a substantial cost in computational effort. One practical solution to improving the accuracy of worst case design without sacrificing efficiency is considered here. It integrates an efficient statistical circuit simulator with worst case design tools into a hierarchical performance design process. It employs two stages of worst case analysis, calibrated with statistical circuit simulation, serving as filters to screen out circuits that easily meet their performance requirements. This focuses the use of statistical circuit simulation on those circuits for which the improved accuracy provides significant benefit. This methodology has been applied with outstanding results in design and manufacturing. >
Status of Women in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in American women and accounts for a full one-third of all deaths.1 Although the common perception may be that CVD affects mainly men, there is equal prevalence of this disease between the genders by the age of 40, and by the age of 60 more women than men are affected. More women than men have died from CVD causes on a yearly basis since the mid 1980s, and whereas the CVD mortality has steadily declined in men over the past 30 years, it has remained steady in women until very recently when CVD mortality was noted to decrease for both genders.2 See accompanying article on page 277 The impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the health status of American women is gaining more recognition and has become the focus of public education efforts such as the “Go Red for Women” campaign sponsored by the American Heart Association and the “Red Dress” project sponsored by the Department of Health and Human Services, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). These programs are, in part, a response to the increasing awareness of cardiovascular disease as a major source of morbidity and mortality in U.S. women. The importance of CVD as a major source of mortality in women was recognized early on by federally funded institutes including the Public Health Service Task Force, which brought attention to concerns about the health information available to women and the historical lack of research focus on women’s health in its 1985 Report of the Public Health Service Task Force on Women’s Health Issues .3 In response to this report, the National Institutes of Health adopted a policy for the inclusion of women in clinical research …
Rethinking Women and Property in Sixteenth‐ and Seventeenth‐Century England

If one were to consider male-authored literary works alone – with no reference to historical documents or women's writing – one would probably be left with a distorted picture of women's status in relation to property. However, work in three main areas – legal history, material culture, and women's writing – in the last fifteen years has improved our understanding of women and property considerably. For example, revisions of legal history have highlighted differences between Renaissance women's everyday practices in relation to property and what the law theoretically required, and materialist work on women's connections to cloth production and theatrical properties ascribes significant agency to them. While analyses of women's diaries, letters, and wills have illuminated their thoughts and behavior in relation to property, we can still learn more from women's imaginative writing, especially their poetry.
A Versatile Sliding Control with a Second-Order Sliding Condition

A SISO versatile sliding control with auto-tuning capability is developed that allows for utilization of a low-pass filter for a second-order s dynamics and a high-pass (or band-pass) filter for an error dynamics in series. The control places zeros within the error dynamics and applies a second-order sliding condition. The increased number of control parameters enriches the tuning ability through which the system performance can thus be improved.
Modeling to optimize terminal stem cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cell (ESC), iPCs, and adult stem cells (ASCs) all are among the most promising potential treatments for heart failure, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. However, considerable uncertainty in the production of ESC-derived terminally differentiated cell types has limited the efficiency of their development. To address this uncertainty, we and other investigators have begun to employ a comprehensive statistical model of ESC differentiation for determining the role of intracellular pathways (e.g., STAT3) in ESC differentiation and determination of germ layer fate. The approach discussed here applies the Baysian statistical model to cell/developmental biology combining traditional flow cytometry methodology and specific morphological observations with advanced statistical and probabilistic modeling and experimental design. The final result of this study is a unique tool and model that enhances the understanding of how and when specific cell fates are determined during differentiation. This model provides a guideline for increasing the production efficiency of therapeutically viable ESCs/iPSCs/ASC derived neurons or any other cell type and will eventually lead to advances in stem cell therapy.
Stable scheduling policies for broadcast channels

We present a class of scheduling policies for an N-user broadcast channel and show that the system is stable in the mean through the use of a Lyapunov argument.
Parallel structures for Kalman filtering

In this paper we examine various discrete-time parallel Kalman filtering implementations, with special attention given to square-root versions in both covariance and information filter forms. A special feature of the suggested architecture is the ability to accomodate parallel local filters that have a smaller state dimension than the global filter. The estimates and covariances from these reduced-order filters are collated at a central filter at each step to generate the full-order, globally optimal estimates and their associated error covariances.
A twin-interferometer fiber-optic readout for diaphragm pressure transducers

A twin-interferometer fiber-optic readout scheme has been developed to monitor the deflection of pressure transducer diaphragms. This technique has a potential advantage at high temperatures, since the circuitry is kept at room temperature and is coupled to the sensor head via optical fibers. The interference scheme used differs from conventional interferometry in that: light is carried forward to the diaphragm and backwards to the photodetectors using a single fiber; and the cleaved fiber end-face itself acts as the reference plane for the interference cavity. A single interferometer cannot uniquely determine the direction of motion, but two such interferometers in parallel, i.e. the twin-interferometer, do provide the necessary information to measure both the magnitude and direction of deflection. Prototype sensor assemblies and detection circuitry have been developed and tested in an industrial setting. Limiting factors on sensor performance have been identified. This technique should also be applicable to other mechanical sensors in which deflections must be monitored. >
Supporting and expanding community-based HIV/AIDS prevention and care responses : a report on Save the Children (US) Malawi COPE Project

In 1995, Save the Children/US-Malawi introduced a small pilot project called COPE-Community-based Options for Protection and Empowerment, to provide direct services to prevent, and mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on children, families, and communities in one district. Over the past six years, the program has evolved, and expanded to four districts, covering nine percent of the national population. The goal of COPE is to mobilize sustainable community action, utilizing existing indigenous social infrastructures, and a three tier structure - District AIDS Coordinating Committees (DACCs), Community AIDS Committees (CACs), and Village AIDS Committees (VACs). The program is multi-sectoral, and involves partnerships with government, business communities, local leaders, other nongovernmental organizations, and community-based organizations, and religious organizations. Program success, and challenges are included.
WDM optical communication networks: progress and challenges

While optical-transmission techniques have been researched for quite some time, optical "networking" studies have been conducted only over the past dozen years or so. The field has matured enormously over this time: many papers and Ph.D. dissertations have been produced, a number of prototypes and testbeds have been built, several books have been written, a large number of startups have been formed, and optical WDM technology is being deployed in the marketplace at a very rapid rate. The objective of this paper is to summarize the basic optical networking approaches, report on the WDM deployment strategies of two major US carriers, and outline the current research and development trends on WDM optical networks.
An Essay on Juvenility, Phase Change, and Heteroblasty in Seed Plants.

Phase change (the change from nonreproductive to reproductive status) and heteroblasty (ontogenetic changes in vegetative metamers) are two determinants of longitudinal asymmetry in plants. These concepts are critically important to understanding the regulation of plant development as well as morphological evolution and life‐history variation. Since Goebel, the two have been conflated. This article questions how phase change and heteroblasty are delimited and explores some of the problems that arise in the explicit or implicit link between them, given that several lines of evidence indicate that they are distinct and independent facets of plant development. It is suggested that problems are perpetuated through use of the terms “juvenile” and “adult” to describe both phenomena.
The Need to Abolish the Prison System: An Ethical Indictment

In The Need to Abolish the Prison System: An Ethical Indictment, Martinot sets out to show that prisons equate to systematic violence and that the innermost logic of imprisonment – the revenge ethi...
Inactivation Kinetics and Replication Cycle Inhibition of Adenovirus by Monochloramine

Monochloramine is commonly used as a secondary disinfectant to maintain a residual in drinking water distribution systems in the United States. The mechanism by which waterborne viruses become inactivated by monochloramine remains widely unknown. A more fundamental understanding of how viruses become inactivated is necessary for better detection and control of viruses in drinking water. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is known to be the waterborne virus most resistant to monochloramine disinfection, and this study presents inactivation kinetics over a range of environmental conditions. Several steps in the HAdV replication cycle were investigated to determine which steps become inhibited by monochloramine disinfection. Interestingly, monochloramine-inactivated HAdV could bind to host cells, but genome replication and early and late mRNA transcription were inhibited. We conclude that monochloramine exposure inhibited a replication cycle event after binding but prior to early viral protein synthesis.
Botany — A Passing Phase?

botany. Often these predictions are stitched with patronizing regrets and glowing memorials. Perhaps the time has come to erect a separate journal, a sort of crying journal, for all the doleful memorial tributes to the fading botanical disciplines, appointing, let's say, a nuclear physicist as editor! Despite what you may think, even among the crypts of so ancient an institution as the herbarium the blood runs hot and the U. S. mails are delivered with
Making long-distance relationships work: Quantifying lexical competition with Hidden Markov Models

Abstract A listener recognizes a stimulus word from acoustic–phonetic input by discriminating that word’s representation from those of other words. The Neighborhood Activation Model (NAM; Luce & Pisoni, 1998) is a long-standing and deeply influential model quantifying how properties of the stimulus word and its competitors influence recognition. The current project incorporates Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) into the NAM’s framework to more flexibly evaluate the influence of multiple lexical properties, thereby allowing us to pose novel questions about the process of spoken-word recognition. Analyses using HMMs’ power to evaluate the stimulus’s “distance” even to very distant words suggest that faraway words still act as competitors, suggesting that a larger subset of the lexicon is activated during recognition than has been previously assumed. Another analysis reveals that the way competition is distributed among other words significantly influences word recognition. HMMs have been widely applied in other domains, and our results demonstrate that they may be similarly suited to quantifying the processes underlying spoken-word recognition.
Quality Education Should be Highly Concerned in Higher Education

Promoting the comprehensive qualities of college students is an important task for education of higher learning.This Paper takes some considerations on the ways of cultivating high-quality persons.
Different occasions of fingerprint minutiae extraction based on ARM

According to the different quality images,we put forward both the improved 8-neighborhood feature extraction algorithm and SUSAN fingerprint feature extraction algorithm based on ARM.The two algorithm is compared in MATLAB,and the application features are summarizes.Finally the two algorithms are verified in the Arm platform.
Islam and the Sharia in the 1993 Mujahideen — Draft Constitution of the Islamic State of Afghanistan: A Comparative Perspective

Since 1923, when Afghanistan adopted its first Constitution under the reign of Amir Amanullah Khan, the country has drafted and adopted ten constitutions (including the 1993 draft constitutions prepared by the Sunni and the Shi’ite mujahideen parties). Islam features prominently in all constitutions of Afghanistan, except perhaps in the Interim Constitution of 1980 drafted and adopted during the Soviet occupation of the country. In studying the constitutions of Afghanistan in the 20th century, two factors are apparent. In other words, the constitutional process operates in two divergent directions; on one hand, it moves towards initiating modern reforms and on the other hand it preserves religious and traditional values of the Afghan society. Roughly all Afghan constitutions demonstrate the coexistence of these two trends in an attempt to achieve a balance between the two paradigms, but perhaps with varying degrees of emphasis on the modernist and traditionalist ideals. Thus, Afghanistan has always struggled to achieve an acceptable constitutional balance between secular and religious values. At different times, this effort manifested through different provisions, but the commitment to balance remained — even under communist regimes. This desire to balance represents an unusual and distinctly Afghan quality, a quality illustrated by the fact that constitutions at either end of the spectrum ultimately failed. None of the earlier Afghan constitutions, except arguably the 1964 Constitution and the current 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan, have come closer to striking a balance between these interests.This paper examines the role of Islam and the Sharia (Hanafi Sharia) in the understudies 1993 draft constitution of the Islamic State of Afghanistan, drafted by the then mujahideen government of Afghanistan, but never ratified). It argues that the 1993 draft constitution is unique among Afghan constitutions by giving Islam and the Sharia a far dominant position in the country’s social and political affairs. While it shows a strong commitment to Islamic principles of law and government, it does not leave room to satisfy its commitments to rule of law and international standards. Though this analysis, this paper provides the first work on the 1993 draft constitution of the Islamic State of Afghanistan. It will thus help us see this draft’s uniqueness in terms of its references to Islam, the Sharia and the Hanafi School of jurisprudence.
Some thoughts on the problem of the Austro-Asiatic homeland

In a recent publication (“The Austroasiatic central riverine hypothesis”, JLR 4), Paul Sidwell came up with a new conception of what he considers to be the optimal localization of the original homeland of the Proto-Austro-Asiatic language: the Mekong valley in and around Indochina. The current paper is written in response to Sidwell’s conclusions. These are, first of all, evaluated from a strictly linguistic (lexicostatistical) point of view, and then compared with some of the available evidence on the most likely geographical distribution, cultural and ecological status, and ethnic surroundings of speakers of Proto-Austro-Asiatic. It is concluded that the overall complex of available data much more often contradicts Sidwell’s theory than confirms it, and that, consequently, there is no need to abandon the older hypothesis of a midYangtze valley homeland for Austro-Asiatic (Peiros & Shnirelman), nor is there sufficient evidence to rearrange previously offered models of the internal classification of Austro-Asiatic languages (Diffloth; Peiros) in order to better accommodate the «central riverine» speculation.
Numerically Testing Generically Reduced Projective Schemes for the Arithmetic Gorenstein Property

Let $$X\subset {\mathbb P}^n$$ be a generically reduced projective scheme. A fundamental goal in computational algebraic geometry is to compute information about X even when defining equations for X are not known. We use numerical algebraic geometry to develop a test for deciding if X is arithmetically Gorenstein and apply it to three secant varieties.
The relationship between conformity to gender norms, sexual orientation, and gender identity for sexual minorities

The current study examined how dimensions of masculinity and femininity were expressed for sexual minorities. Cluster analysis was used to determine the number of latent classes for conformity to masculine and feminine norms for sexual minorities. A four-class solution was the best fit to the data. Cluster 1 (labeled Relating to others through equality and caring, n = 41) was characterized by low dominance and power over women and high involvement with kids and have nice relationships norms. Cluster 2 (labeled Relating to others through avoidance and misogyny, n = 38) was characterized by low risk-taking and have nice relationships and high power over women and disdain for homosexuality. Cluster 3 (labeled Relating to others through power, n = 34) was characterized by high winning, pursuit of status, and appearance and low modesty. Cluster 4 (labeled Relating to others through sex, n = 27) was characterized by low involvement in romantic relationships and sexual fidelity while endorsing high playboy attit...
A Compact Set of Seeds for LFSR-Based Test Generation from a Fully-Specified Compact Test Set

This paper describes a procedure that computes a compact set of seeds for LFSR-based test generation using a fully-specified compact test set. The test set provides a target number of seeds that is not constrained by the LFSR. The procedure uses two techniques to produce a compact set of seeds. (1) It attempts to match a seed to a test in the compact test set, but without requiring a perfect match. (2) It drops a fault from consideration only after it is detected by N &#x003E; 1 different seeds. A set covering procedure is used for selecting a minimal subset of seeds. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the ability of the procedure to produce compact sets of seeds. The results also show that an LFSR with a larger number of bits allows a smaller number of seeds to be computed. However, a smaller number of LFSR bits is preferred for a larger reduction in the input test data volume.
Where Do We Stand on Maximum Entropy? (1978)

In May 1978 a three-day Symposium on ‘The Maximum-Entropy Formalism’ held at M.I.T. provided a good opportunity to put into the record a more comprehensive summing up than had been attempted until then. The following lengthy article was written hastily in a few weeks, to meet a publication deadline; and the rough unpolished edges show everywhere. Still, the Proceedings Volume did appear in December 1978, probably a speed record.
Lessons of the Angry Birds universe

When I say "physics", many people cringe. They recall classes with endless blocks on inclined planes and dull electric circuits.
Optical interconnects: Design and analysis

This paper focuses on design challenges and solutions for realization of low-power high-speed electronics for optical interconnects. Design methodologies for high sensitivity receivers and optimized driver circuitries at the transmitter side are presented.
Machine learning techniques for the identification of cues for stop place.

This paper is situated in a long line of phonetic studies that seek to determine and qualify the acoustic cues humans use to identify stop place. The present study draws from a database of 1500 CV tokens of American English and their values for the acoustic features thought to be cues for stop place identification, including (1) VOT, (2) energy of the burst and release, (3) spectrum at the burst, and (4) formant transitions into the following vowel. Decision trees are used to determine the relative invariance of these acoustic features, which indicates their potential to serve as useful cues for listeners cross-contextually. Decision trees thus allow the evaluation of vocalic effects on this hierarchy of features for the purpose of guiding classic perceptual confusion studies.
Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Inflammatory Arthritis (Pseudogout) with Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A New Paraneoplastic Syndrome?

To the Editor: Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) deposition in articular tissue causes a spectrum of clinical presentations including asymptomatic chondrocalcinosis, acute CPP crystal arthritis (pseudogout), and chronic CPP inflammatory arthritis1. Known risk factors include older age, osteoarthritis, prior joint injury, metabolic disease, and rarely, family history2. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of stem cell disorders generally characterized by hypercellular bone marrow and peripheral cytopenias3. Prognosis depends on comorbidities and disease factors including number of cytopenias, specific chromosomal abnormalities, and degree of marrow blast infiltration [5%–9%, 10%–19%, and ≥ 20% represent refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)-1, RAEB-2, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively]4. The patient died before our case report was prepared, and thus we were not able to obtain his written consent to publish the material; however, while he was alive we discussed our plan to prepare this case report and he was in agreement. Our patient was a 75-year-old man who developed dyspnea in October 2015. Anemia and leukopenia were noted, and bone marrow biopsy revealed hypercellular marrow with 10% blasts consistent with RAEB-2. A very complex/monosomal karyotype including loss of chromosome 17 was noted. … Address correspondence to Dr. S.K. Tedeschi, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. E-mail: stedeschi1{at}bwh.harvard.edu
Analgesic Effects of Meloxicam, Morphine Sulfate, Flunixin Meglumine, and Xylazine Hydrochloride in African-Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis)

We evaluated analgesic use and analgesiometry in aquatic African-clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). We used the acetic acid test (AAT) to assess the analgesic potential of systemic xylazine hydrochloride, meloxicam, flunixin meglumine, and morphine sulfate after injection into the dorsal lymph sac. Flunixin meglumine provided better analgesia than did the other drugs, most evident at 5 and 9 h after administration. Because the AAT was associated with the development of dermal lesions, we discontinued use of this assay and chose the Hargreaves test as an alternative method of measuring nociception in Xenopus. This assay is commonly performed in rodents, but its efficacy in an aquatic species such as Xenopus was unknown prior to this study. We found that the Hargreaves test was an effective measure of nociception in Xenopus, and we used it to evaluate the effectiveness of the nonopiod agents xylazine hydrochloride, meloxicam, and flunixin meglumine both in the absence of surgery and after surgical oocyte harvest. Similar to findings from the AAT, flunixin meglumine provided better analgesia in the Hargreaves test than did the other agents when analyzed in the absence of surgical intervention. Results were equivocal after oocyte harvest. Although surgical oocyte harvest is a common procedure in Xenopus, and currently there are no published recommendations for analgesia after this invasive surgery. Future studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for that purpose.
Game Theoretic Approach for Systematic Feature Selection; Application in False Alarm Detection in Intensive Care Units

Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are equipped with many sophisticated sensors and monitoring devices to provide the highest quality of care for critically ill patients. However, these devices might generate false alarms that reduce standard of care and result in desensitization of caregivers to alarms. Therefore, reducing the number of false alarms is of great importance. Many approaches such as signal processing and machine learning, and designing more accurate sensors have been developed for this purpose. However, the significant intrinsic correlation among the extracted features from different sensors has been mostly overlooked. A majority of current data mining techniques fail to capture such correlation among the collected signals from different sensors that limits their alarm recognition capabilities. Here, we propose a novel information-theoretic predictive modeling technique based on the idea of coalition game theory to enhance the accuracy of false alarm detection in ICUs by accounting for the synergistic power of signal attributes in the feature selection stage. This approach brings together techniques from information theory and game theory to account for inter-features mutual information in determining the most correlated predictors with respect to false alarm by calculating Banzhaf power of each feature. The numerical results show that the proposed method can enhance classification accuracy and improve the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve compared to other feature selection techniques, when integrated in classifiers such as Bayes-Net that consider inter-features dependencies.
Community Pharmacist Preferences in Transition of Care Communications

Objective:To determine community pharmacist preferences in transition of care (TOC) communications.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, data were gathered via electronic survey of community pharm...
Radiation Resistance in Extremophiles: Fending Off Multiple Attacks

Ionizing radiation (IR) is of particular interest in biology because its exposure results in a severe oxidative stress to all the cell’s macromolecules. Many extremophiles are found to be resistant to IR, suggesting that radiation resistance is a fortuitous consequence of a high tolerance to other environmental stressors (e.g., desiccation). In that regard, IR-resistant organisms are true polyextremophiles. It is now established that proteins are the major targets of radiation and that protection against protein oxidation is an essential process for survival from IR exposure. The IR resistance found in the halophilic archaeon, Halobacterium salinarum, is attributed to high intracellular concentrations of Mn antioxidant complexes that protect proteins against IR-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The variety of Mn antioxidant complexes found so far, and the potential for compatible solutes from extremophiles to provide ROS-scavenging activity in the cell, suggests that the adaptations of extremophiles to their environments provide a tremendous reservoir for novel radioprotective molecules and antioxidants against the deleterious effect of IR.
The Nature of Site Response During Earthquakes

The traditional approach for empirical scaling of the amplitudes of strong earthquake ground motion revolves around the linear representation of the amplification of seismic waves when they propagate through soft surface sediments and soil. However, in the near field, when the amplitudes of shaking become large, the soil experiences nonlinear strains, and tensile cracks, fissures, and pounding zones form, resulting in highly nonlinear response characteristics. This means that the characteristic site response, and the patterns of amplifications measured via small earthquake records, or by analysis of microtremors, will disappear, departing from the linear amplification characteristics completely. This leads to chaos and creates a problem for seismic zoning because the nonlinear response is strongly dependent upon the amplitudes and on the time history of shaking, so that it becomes virtually impossible to predict the distribution of amplification from the local site conditions. If we assume that the observed damage distribution is a useful indication of the distribution and of the nature of shaking amplitudes, we can conduct a full-scale experiment every time a moderate or large earthquake leads to some damage. Analyses of these patterns, combined with detailed maps of the properties of the soil and of surface geology, suggest that there are reappearing patterns of nonlinear site response from one earthquake to the next. We show one such example for two earthquakes in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. This example implies that the relative movement along the boundaries of the blocks of soil, and along the cracks formed by previous strong shaking, may recur during future earthquakes. The implication is significant for all engineering analyses of response and for engineering design in the near field because it means that in the vicinity of these cracks the complexity of strong shaking is further increased by large differential motions and by large transient and permanent strains and tilts.
Propulsion Aspects of High-Speed Flight

The importance of flight time in commercial and military applications is discussed in terms of the flight Mach number. The productivity of a supersonic airliner and a current commercial airliner is analyzed in terms of flight time, passenger capacity, fuel burn, and capital cost.
Osteonecrosis After Surgically Repaired Proximal Humerus Fractures Is a Predictor of Poor Outcomes.

Objectives To determine the effect of osteonecrosis (ON) on the clinical and functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patients Over a 12-year period, patients were screened and identified on presentation to the emergency department or in the clinical office for inclusion in an institutional review board-approved registry. One hundred sixty-five patients with 166 proximal humerus fractures met inclusion criteria. Eight patients developed radiographic evidence of ON (4.8%). Intervention Surgical repair of proximal humerus fractures. Main outcome measure Patients were divided into 2 cohorts; 1 cohort being those diagnosed with ON and the other cohort being those who were not. All patients were prospectively followed and assessed for clinical and functional outcomes at the latest follow-up visit (mean = 22.9 months) using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand survey along with ranges of motion of the injured extremity. Results Average postoperative forward elevation for patients with ON was worse than those without ON (P = 0.002). Additionally, there was a significant difference in Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores at the latest follow-up between the 2 groups (P = 0.026). There was no difference in external rotation or mean length of follow-up between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrates the negative effects of ON after open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Those who develop ON have poorer functional and clinical outcomes as compared with patients without ON. Consequently, the development of ON can be used as a predictor of poor outcomes. Level of evidence Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
International Review Board

International Review Board for Issue 19.4 of Journal of STEM Education: Research and Innovation
Re-Defining the Meaning of Impact

A major concern for doctoral students finishing their doctoral degree program is determining if they can make a significant contribution to their discipline. How is it possible for someone to have a definitive impact on their field of study? The majority of doctoral students I have worked with feel their biggest impact to the field will be through research. In graduate school we spend a great deal of time thinking and reading about how impact is measured through our research. With a sense of optimism and idealism, the expectation when beginning a career as a faculty member is to have a significant impact on the field one works in–in my case Kinesiology. That certainly was my goal when I took a tenure–track, assistant professor position in 2006. However, the impact that I believe I was going to make took a dramatically different direction than I originally intended. In this chapter, I hope to provide insight on how the meaning of impact has changed for me as I transitioned from a doctoral student to an assistant professor at a regional comprehensive university. I hope to also elaborate on specific strategies that I have used to redefine impact while developing a standing within my field at the university and beyond.
What the Founders Missed About Whist (Preface)

In the 18th century, conventional decks of playing cards consisted (as they do today) of four suits of 13 cards, each with cards for 2 through 10, three royals (a king, a queen, and a knave that is now a jack), and an ace. Players on both sides of the Atlantic played with cards with the same designs and often from the same manufacturers. But why, having recently fought a long and bloody war of independence to free themselves from monarchy, would the leaders (or, for that matter, the foot soldiers) of that revolution carry on playing their favorite game with cards portraying monarchy? Imagine yourself as George Washington or John Adams or James Madison, playing whist with some of your Founding Friends in late-18th-century Boston or Philadelphia or Richmond. Most of the most powerful cards in your hand would have been kings and queens. Wouldn’t it have occurred to you that a more suitable deck would instead feature the rulers of your own new world?
Gender Differences in Psoriatic Arthritis With Fatigue, Pain, Function, and Work Disability:

Introduction/Objectives:Gender is an important patient characteristic that may be used to predict clinical presentation, disease progression, and therapeutic response. In recent studies, women with...
Highly prized experiments

Abstract The new Nobel prize winners have expertly popularized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as the “tool-of-choice” for empirical research. The award is a good opportunity to reflect on the role of RCTs in development-policy evaluation. Unbiasedness is the tool’s main virtue; transparency is another. Practitioners should also be aware of some limitations. First, an RCT assigns the treatment in a different way to most real-world policies, which use purposive selection; given heterogeneous impacts, one is evaluating a different intervention. Second, the tool may only be feasible for non-random subsets of both the relevant populations and the policy options, biasing assessments of overall development effectiveness. Third, given budget-constraints and a bias-variance trade-off, a non-RCT may allow a larger sample size, making its trials often closer to the truth. There is a continuing need for a broad range of research methods for addressing pressing knowledge gaps in fighting poverty.
Knowledge formulation in the health domain: a semiotics-powered approach to data analytics and democratization

Abstract Developments in knowledge-based systems and information and communications technology (ICT) occupy increasingly important positions in the health domain. The advent of ICT has enabled “big data” analytics that emphasize leveraging large, complex datasets to manage population health, drive down disease rates, and control costs. Moreover, knowledge formulation, as well as the growth and application of ICT-supported knowledge-based systems, has important implications for the practice of medicine, healthcare distribution, evidence-based health policy making, and professional research agendas. A conceptual analytical framework is presented that encompasses different aspects of knowledge formulation based on semiotics-focused interdependencies. Semiotics is normative, bounded by epistemic, and cultural contexts and provides the foundation for ontology development. Knowledge formulation depends on ontologies to provide repositories for formal specifications of the meanings of symbols delineated by semiotics. Accordingly, the framework posits and addresses semiotics-related pragmatics through two kinds of paradigms: (1) a model-based analytics paradigm that reflects the needs of health researchers and (2) a heuristics-based analytics paradigm that is appropriate for medical staff, patients, and other nonresearch-oriented end-user communities. The framework supports data democratization through the operationalization of these paradigms.
Antimicrobial Materials in Arthroplasty

With an increase in the number of total joint arthroplasty procedures being performed, the number of surgical site infections (SSI) and peri-prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are also expected to increase. In addition to portending significant morbidity and mortality, the growing number of prosthetic associated infections also presents a significant social and economic burden. There are current antimicrobial resistance strategies available for clinical use and more are being developed and are in the laboratory development and testing phases. However, resistance to treatment include limited implant host interface vascularity that contributes to the inability of systemically administered antibiotics to effectively reach and exert a full effect where most needed. Recognition of the limitation of systemic antibiotics and the growing problem presented by PJI have led to more recent efforts focused on local antimicrobial control at or around surgically implanted materials. Current and developing methods of achieving prophylactic local antimicrobial control in arthroplasty include using antibiotic loaded bone cement, intrawound antibiotic powders, antiseptic lavages, biocompatible antimicrobial delivery devices and coatings, and modified implants.
Cardiac Anomalies in Liveborn and Stillborn Monochorionic Twins.

Background Cardiovascular anomalies are more common in monochorionic twins, especially with twin-twin transfusion, compared to other twin types and to singletons. Because previous studies are based on fetal and neonatal echocardiography, more information is needed to study prevalence of cardiac anomalies in twin miscarriages, stillbirths, and children after the immediate neonatal period. Methods With specific attention to cardiac anomalies, we reviewed the medical records of 335 selected liveborn twin pairs from the Marshfield Clinic Twin Cohort (enriched for twin-twin transfusion) and all twins (175 pairs) identified in the Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program cohort of late miscarriages and stillbirths. Results Structural cardiac defects occurred in 12% of liveborn monochorionic twin infants and 7.5% of stillborn infants with twin-twin transfusion compared to only 2% of liveborn dizygotic twins and no stillborn dizygotic infants. The most common cardiac lesion in liveborn twins was ventricular septal defect, which was usually isolated and discordant, preferentially affecting the smaller twin in monochorionic pairs. Among stillborn and miscarried monochorionic twins, the most common cardiac lesion was acardia. Conclusions Monochorionic twins, particularly those with TTT, are at increased risk for a spectrum of structural cardiac malformations which we suggest may be related to asymmetry of the inner cell mass resulting in a smaller poorly perfused twin. In severe cases, limited cardiac and circulatory development in the affected twin leads to acardia. In less severe cases, the smaller infant has deficient septal growth that sometimes results in ventricular septal defect.
Random Sampling for Bandlimited Signals on Product Graphs

In this work, we construct a structured framework for the efficient random sampling and recovery of bandlimited graph signals that lie on product graphs. Product graphs are a model to construct large complex graphs from smaller simpler building blocks we call graph atoms, and are a convenient tool to model rich classes of multi-modal graph-structured data. Our randomized sampling framework prescribes an optimal sampling distribution over the nodes of the product graph constructed by only processing these smaller graph atoms. As a result, the framework achieves significant savings in computational complexity with respect to previous works that do not exploit the inherent structure of product graphs.