cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Colleges and universities’ use of the World Wide Web: A public relations tool for the digital age☆

Abstract This study explores college and university Web sites to determine the extent institutions utilize the Web to accomplish public relations goals. A sample of the 129 best national universities in the United States compiled by the US News and World Report was used for analysis. Results show that schools with a small-medium level of student recruitment and alumni giving are more likely to actively utilize the Web. In this light, schools behind in school excellence strive to use the Web as an important public relations tool to overcome their inferiority to superior schools.
Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique

Studies by ourselves and others (Swan 1970, Austin & Noy-Meir 1972, Beals 1973, Hill 1973, 1974, Austin 1976a, b, Fasham 1977, Gauch Whittaker & Wentwarth 1977, Noy-Meir & Whittaker 1977, Orloci 1978, Gauch, Whittaker & Singer 1979) have found faults with all ordination techniques currently in use, at least when applied to ecological data specifying the occurrences of species in community samples. These faults certainly do not make existing techniques useless; but they mean that results must be interpreted with caution. Even with the best techniques, the underlying structure of the data is often poorly expressed.
Arsenic and Lead Uptake by Vegetable Crops Grown on Historically Contaminated Orchard Soils

Transfer of Pb and As into vegetables grown in orchard soils historically contaminated by Pb arsenate pesticides was measured in the greenhouse. Lettuce, carrots, green beans and tomatoes were grown on soils containing a range of total Pb (16.5-915 mg/kg) and As (6.9-211 mg/kg) concentrations. The vegetables were acid-digested and analyzed for total Pb and As using ICP-mass spectrometry. Vegetable contamination was dependent on soil total Pb and As content, pH, and vegetable species. Arsenic concentrations were highest in lettuce and green beans, lower in carrots, and much lower in tomato fruit. Transfer of Pb into lettuce and beans was generally lower than that of As, and Pb and As were strongly excluded from tomato fruit. Soil metal concentrations as high as 400 mg/kg Pb and 100 mg/kg As produced vegetables with concentrations of Pb and As below the limits of international health standards.
Changes in the Volatility of Household Income in the United States: A Regional Analysis

The typical American household experienced significantly larger annual changes in per capita income in the years 1992-1994 than they did in 1985-1987, and income volatility rose again by a small margin in the period 2003-2005. All three periods had similar GDP growth rates, suggesting that this is a long-run trend, not merely a cyclical phenomenon.
Representation of pseudo-lattice ordered vector spaces

Ordered vector spaces more general than vector lattices are represented as function spaces with ‘almost’ the pointwise order. The ‘pseudo-lattice’ property which is necessary (and sufficient in the finite-dimensional case) for the representation is also studied in relation to the lattice property.
Intelligent design: the de novo engineering of proteins with specified functions

One of the principal successes of de novo protein design has been the creation of small, robust protein-cofactor complexes which can serve as simplified models, or maquettes, of more complicated multicofactor protein complexes commonly found in nature. Different maquettes, generated by us and others, recreate a variety of aspects, or functional elements, recognized as parts of natural enzyme function. The current challenge is to both expand the palette of functional elements and combine and/or integrate them in recreating familiar enzyme activities or generating novel catalysis in the simplest protein scaffolds.
Feminist Reclamations of Normative Masculinity: On Democratic Manhood, Feminist Masculinity, and Allyship Practices

‘Feminist masculinity’ might seem like a contradiction in terms. One might have assumed that we can embrace feminism or embrace masculinity, but not both. If traditional masculinity is contrary to feminist values, a pressing query for feminist men is whether repudiation of traditional masculinity should move one to reject normative masculinity entirely, or to reframe and reclaim it instead. bell hooks and Michael Kimmel each counsel against discarding manhood and masculinity. hooks envisions feminist masculinity as an alternative to patriarchal dominance, with masculinity to be reconstituted in terms of love, integrity, and mutuality; Kimmel advocates moving from immature and traditional masculinities toward justice and democratic manhood, with a new model of masculinity that identifies real men with adulthood and doing the right thing. Neither proposal provides a viable stance for feminist men without collapsing into androgyny or risking erasure of some men’s and women’s identities and experiences. Building on Alcoff’s work on anti-racist whiteness, I suggest that feminist allyship practices ground a normative model of masculinity compatible with, and informed by, feminist values. We may understand allyship masculinities as open-ended feminist approaches to manhood: masculinities predicated on recognizing and responding to, rather than ignoring or accepting, the privileges and expectations distinctive of men under patriarchy.
Diagnosis and Assessment of Microbial Infections with Host and Microbial microRNA Profiles

Biomarkers are continuously being sought in the field of diagnostic microbiology for the laboratory diagnosis and assessment of microbial infections. A set of clinical and laboratory criteria necessary for an ideal diagnostic marker of infection have previously been proposed by Ng and his colleagues [1]. According these criteria, an ideal biomarker should possess at a minimum the following characteristics: (a) biochemically, a biomarker should be stable and remain significantly deregulated in the body fluid compartment for at least 12–24 h even after commencement of appropriate treatment that may allow an adequate time window for specimen collection or storage without significant decomposition of the active compound until laboratory processing; (b) its concentration should be determined quantitatively and the method of measurement should be automatic, rapid, easy, and inexpensive; (c) the collection of a specimen should be minimally invasive and require a small volume (e.g., <0.5 mL blood). Numerous biomarkers have been found and tested in clinical practice. Currently, microRNA (miRNA) molecules are without a doubt the biomarkers with the greatest potential capacities in the diagnostic microbiology field.
Thermal Effects on Second Harmonic Generation

High repetition-rate thermal loading of nonlinear crystals limits the conversion of efficiency of second harmonic generation (SHG). This paper presents a fully coupled thermal and optical description of SHG in an anisotropic, thermally absorbing medium which may be either uniaxial or biaxial. Computations of beam energies and wavefront structure are performed numerically. The program propagates a fundamental and second harmonic beam through the crystal and then recalculates the changed thermal gradients and indices of refraction before propagation of the following pulse. It is assumed that the optical and thermal properties of the medium are static during the propagation of any single pulse. Typical pulses have half-power widths of 10 to 20 ns, carry 1 Joule of energy, have Gaussian temporal and spatial profiles and are repeated at 20 to 30'Hz. Following each pulse the deposited heat is allowed a three-dimensional diffusion in the crystal according to the time-dependent heat equation.
O-011 Cerebral Perfusion From Infant Till Adolescence Assessed With Mr Pseudo Continuous Asl

Background and aim Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a MR technique to assess brain perfusion without necessity of intravascular administered MR contrast [1]. Our aim was to obtain age dependent normal paediatric values of brain perfusion. Methods In this retrospective study we included children aged 1–14 years recruited from our MRI database, collected from 2012–2014. In each age group 6 individuals were included having a normal MRI scan. All children were scanned on a 1,5 T MRI scanner (GE). A pseudo continuous ASL technique was used. Exclusion criteria were: congenital abnormalities, brain lesions, meningitis, scan artefacts. Measurement sites were cerebellar hemispheres, vermis, basal ganglia, thalamus and all lobes, using a postprocessing tool. Results Perfusion values of thalami and basal ganglia appeared fairly constant at different ages. An increase of perfusion was noted in the cerebellar hemispheres from 3 years of age. The cerebellar vermis showed a relative high perfusion in all ages. A slight progressive increase of perfusion was seen at the level of the temporal and occipital lobes without a specific peak. A progressive increase of perfusion was noted at the level of the frontal lobes and parietal lobes. In general, we found a considerable inter-individual variability, without significant variations between genders. Conclusions ASL shows an age dependence of cerebral perfusion. This normative data can help to identify abnormal cerebral perfusion, which may lead to diagnoses or a better understanding of the neurological presentation of a child. Biagi et al . 2007.
Microbial stabilization of active-sulfide sludges: Scientific note

It has been demonstrated that a sulfide-tolerant strain of T.denitrificans (strain F) can oxidize under moderate conditions at least part of the acid-labile sulfide solids in a refinery sulfide sludge resulting from the costorage of petroleum with water. Sulfate was the final oxidation product. However, some as yet unidentified byproduct of the process is apparently biocidal, resulting in lost culture viability before oxidation of the acid-labile sulfide solids was complete. Future work will focus on identifying the biocidal agent and diminishing its effect on T.denitrificans in order to effect the complete oxidation of the acid-labile sulfides in these active-sulfide sludges.
Immunological effect analysis of ACYW135 vaccine in epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Kunming city

Objective:To understand the antibody level of Neisseria meningitides group(Nm)Y,W135 in healthy population and immunological effect of group ACYW135 in Kunming city,and provide evidence for scientific usage of ACYW135 epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine.Methods:654(313 males,341 females) people were sampled randomly from population without inoculation of ACYW135 epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine in last 3 years in Kunming city.Blood were collected 3 days before,1 month after and 1 year after inoculation respectively.ELISA and TTC were adopted to detect antibody level of group Y and W135 of Neisseria meningitides.Results:654 cases were involved.Before inoculation,antibody positive rate of group Y was 18.04%,antibody geometric mean titer(GMT) was 1:6.14;antibody positive rate of group W135 was 23.09% with GMT 1:3.62.The proportion of cases with negative Y group antibody turned to positive 1 month after inoculation was 88.25% with GMT 1:72.74;for W135 group,the data were 87.05% and 1:45.95 respectively.The vaccine presented good immune effect.1 year after inoculation,the proportion of positive case of Y group turned to negative was 3.17%,with GMT 27.94;for group W135,the negative conversion rate was 5.30%,and GMT was 17.72.There was no statistic difference between antibody positive rates of cases 1 month and 1year after inoculation.Conclusion:Antibody level of Y group and W135 group Neisseria meningitides is low in healthy population in Kunming city.ACYW135 epidemic cerebrospi-nal meningitis vaccine can provide good epidemical protection with immune persistence for more than one year. Therefore,it is necessary to inoculate ACYW135 vaccine among healthy population.
Instrument-based pediatric vision screening.

Purpose of reviewThe purpose is to review currently available instruments for vision screening in young children.Recent findingsInstrumentation continues to evolve. Although the current generation of photoscreeners and autorefractors strive to identify amblyopia risk factors, newer technology aims t
Estimation of a parametric function associated with the lognormal distribution

ABSTRACTEstimation of the mean of the lognormal distribution has received much attention in the literature beginning with Finney (1941). The problem is of significant practical importance because of the ubiquitous use of log-transformation. In this article, we consider the estimation of a parametric function associated with the lognormal distribution of which the mean, median, and moments are special cases. We generalize various estimators from the literature for the mean to this parametric function and propose a new simple estimator. We present the estimators in a unified framework and use this framework to derive asymptotic expressions for their biases and mean square errors (MSEs). Next, we make asymptotic and small-sample comparisons via simulations between them in terms of their MSEs. Our proposed estimator outperforms many of the previously proposed estimators. A numerical example is given to illustrate the various estimators.
Robust cloud motion estimation by spatio-temporal correlation analysis of irradiance data

Abstract The main contributor to spatio-temporal variability in the solar resource is clouds passing over photovoltaic (PV) modules. Cloud velocity is a principal input to many short-term forecast and variability models. In this paper spatio-temporal correlations of irradiance data are analyzed to estimate cloud motion. The analysis is performed using two spatially and temporally resolved simulated irradiance datasets generated from large eddy simulation. Cloud motion is estimated using two different methods; the cross-correlation method (CCM) applied to two or a few consecutive time steps and cross-spectral analysis (CSA) where the cloud speed and direction are estimated by cross-spectral analysis of a longer time series. CSA is modified to estimate the cloud motion direction as the case with least variation for all the velocities in the cloud motion direction. To ensure reliable cloud motion estimation, quality control (QC) is added to the CSA and CCM analyses. The results show 33% (52°) and 21% (6°) improvement in the cloud motion speed (direction) estimation using the modified CSA and CCM over the original methods (without QC), respectively. In general, CCM results are accurate for all the different cloud cover fractions with average relative mean bias error (rMBE) of cloud speed and mean absolute error of cloud direction equal to 3% and 3°, respectively. For low cloud cover fractions, CSA estimates the cloud motion speed and direction with rMBE and mean absolute error equal to 10% and 11°, respectively. However, for high cloud cover fractions and unsteady cloud speed, CSA results are not reliable for 3–4 h time series; however, splitting the whole time series into shorter time intervals reduces the rMBE and mean absolute error to 15% and 16° respectively.
Total ionizing dose effects in passivated and unpassivated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

Significant shifts in threshold voltage have been observed during 10-keV X-ray irradiation of passivated and unpassivated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Oxygen and hydrogen impurities are found to contribute to differences in threshold voltage shifts and transconductance degradation for the passivated and unpassivated devices.
The impact of switching systemic treatment after radiosurgery (SBRT) for oligo-progressive, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

599Background: Local therapy such as SBRT is increasingly applied to RCC metastases when progression involves a limited number of metastatic sites (oligo-progression; O-PD). We aimed to assess the ...
An approach to automated detection of structural failure using chronological image analysis in temporary structures

This study explores new technologies for detecting structural failures in temporary structures by applying image processing techniques for the automated detection of structural failures. Temporary ...
Coaches and child sexual abuse prevention training: Impact on knowledge, confidence, and behavior

Abstract Over the last twenty years, increasing numbers of athletic associations in the United States have begun requiring child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention training for staff members. This is a potentially powerful step because sexual abuse continues to be a significant problem in youth athletics. Additionally, coaches develop close relationships with children, putting them in a unique position to recognize and report the warning signs of child sexual abuse. Now that training has been in place for some time, it is important to assess its impact. This study draws on pretest, posttest, and six month follow-up questionnaires as well as observational data collected from over 500 adults (93 of whom were coaches) at a national adult prevention program. It examines coaches' knowledge about CSA, their confidence in identifying it, and their engagement in protective behaviors. The article also addresses the question of whether coaches have unique training needs that are not well met by programs targeted to teachers or parents. Results suggest that training improves coaches' knowledge and boosts their confidence level. Findings about behavior change are mixed, but male coaches are found to respond to CSA suspicions less often than do female coaches. Coach knowledge, confidence, and behavior are not significantly different from either teachers or parents but they have unique concerns about CSA and CSA training. The article concludes with policy suggestions for developing and improving coach-training programs.
Making the high country: cannabis tourism in Colorado USA

Tourism worldmaking theories explain how discourse, representation, and practice shape tourism and leisure spaces, yet can neglect the important roles of law, policy and the economic production of ...
Treatment Features Associated with Youth Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Follow-Up Effects for Internalizing Disorders: A Meta-Analysis.

Our aim was to investigate whether four treatment features (i.e., the inclusion of parental involvement, goal-setting strategies, maintenance/relapse prevention sessions, the addition of booster se...
An economic analysis of marketing of banana (Musa paradisica L.) in Durg district of Chhattisgarh.

The paper attempts to study the disposal pattern, marketing cost, marketing margins and price spread of banana in Dhamdha blockof Durg district of Chhattisgarh state for the year 2017-18. The marketing of banana has been studied by three marketing channels, viz., I: Producer wholesaler → retailer → consumer; II: Producer → wholesaler (through commission agent) → retailer → consumer; III: Producer → retailer (through commission agent) → consumer. The net price received by the producer was 58.75 per cent, 53.08 per cent and 62.43 per cent in marketing channel I, II and III, respectively. The producer’s share in marketing channel III was the maximum because of direct sale by the producer to the retailer through commission agent. In the marketing cost, expenditure was highest on commission charges followed by transportation in all the channels. The marketing channel I has been found most efficient because its marketing efficiency was 1.42 as compared to 0.96 and 1.36 in marketing channel II and III, respectively. The low marketing efficiency in supply chain II was on account of a higher number of market intermediaries in this chain. High price fluctuations followed by unremunerative prices, high commission charge, lack of regulated market and high transportation cost were the major problem reported by the banana growers. Whereas lack of cold storage facilities followed by non - availability of banana processing units, inadequate market infrastructure and shortage of electricity supply were the marketing problems highlighted by the intermediaries.
Allosteric regulation of glycogen synthase in liver. A physiological dilemma.

Glycogen synthase catalyzes the transfer of the glucosyl moiety from UDP-glucose to the terminal branch of the glycogen molecule and is considered to be the rate-limiting enzyme for glycogen synthesis. However, under ideal assay conditions, i.e. 37 degrees C with saturating concentrations of UDP-glucose and the activator, glucose-6-P, the maximal catalytic activity of glycogen synthase was only 78% of the in vivo glycogen synthetic rate. Using concentrations of UDP-glucose and glucose-6-P likely to be present in vivo, the rate was only approximately 30%. This prompted us to reassess a possible role of allosteric effectors on synthase activity. Glycogen synthase was assayed at 37 degrees C using dilute, pH 7.0, buffered extracts, initial rate conditions, and UDP-glucose and glucose-6-P concentrations, which approximate those calculated to be present in total liver cell water. Several allosteric effectors were tested. Magnesium and AMP had little effect on activity. Pi, ADP, ATP, and UTP inhibited activity. When a combination of effectors were added at concentrations approximating those present in cell water, synthase activity could account for only 2% of the glycogen synthetic rate. Thus, although allosteric effectors are likely to be playing a major role in regulating synthase enzymic activity in liver cells, to date, a metabolite that can stimulate activity and/or overcome nucleotide inhibition has yet to be identified. If such a metabolite cannot be identified, an additional or alternative pathway for glycogen synthesis must be considered.
Polymeric Ring Resonators for Label-Free Biosensing

We developed a biophotonic ring resonators for label-free biosensing. We first study an optimization approach for improving the optical performance of Su-8 based ring resonator. The effects of an ultrathin Su-8 under-layer are evaluated in terms of quality factor. An improvement of about 20% is obtained, as a consequence of the improved polymeric affinity between the substrate and the ring material. The biophotonic device is, than, integrated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel for biomolecule detection. The experimental results indicated that the ring resonators are able to detect the biomolecules of bovine serum albumin (BSA) after their immobilization on the Su-8 surface.
Millimeter-Wave Nondiffracting Circular Airy OAM Beams

We demonstrate using theoretical analysis and full-wave numerical simulations nondiffracting circular Airy beams modulated with different orbital angular momenta (OAM) at millimeter wavelengths. It is shown that applying an azimuthal spiral phase component to the circular Airy beam results in a circular Airy OAM beam. These beams are radially symmetric with a null at the center and experience an inward radial shift within a certain propagation distance. Such propagation dynamics are contrary to that of a conventional OAM beam where the vortex radius increases, and the beam intensity decreases as the beam propagates due to diffraction effects. Thus, the circular Airy OAM beam can be nondiffracting over an appreciable distance of few tens of meters (i.e., few thousand wavelengths) and open the door for high data-rate communications. Phase only spatial wave modulators of aperture 20 cm $\times20$ cm with $40 \times 40$ pixels are designed for generating the circular Airy OAM beams with OAM of order 0, 1, and 2. These spatial wave modulators when illuminated with Gaussian beams generate the corresponding circular Airy OAM beam. Full-wave numerical simulation results showing the generation and propagation of circular Airy OAM beams at millimeter wavelengths that are nondiffracting up to 50 m are presented.
Kinetic Study of the Pyrolytic Treatment of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils

This study presents a systematic approach to determine the kinetics of pyrolytic remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils. Two clean soils with different compositions were spiked with oil crudes to prepare petroleum-contaminated soils. Thermogravimetry with evolved gas analysis (TG–IR and TG–MS) was used first to identify the mineral transformations taking place as the clean soils were heated in an anoxic atmosphere. The same analytical techniques were applied to study the pyrolysis of contaminated soils and identify the temperature ranges over which soil mineral transformations overlap with hydrocarbon desorption and pyrolysis. We then employed distributed activation energy models with multiple pseudocomponents to quantify the kinetics of thermal processes involving only components of the clean soils. Finally, the same approach was used to obtain the full kinetics for the pyrolytic treatment of soil–petroleum mixtures and to accurately characterize the temperature dependence of hydrocarbon desorption ...
Luther: The Age of the Individual, 500 Years Ago

In celebrating the anniversary of Luther’s 95 Theses, some celebrate the Reformation as the historical moment that shaped the modern world by ushering in modern, Western values such as the autonomy of the individual and the individual’s freedom from religious or political coercion. However, if we carefully distinguish individualism from subjectivity and trace the rise of the latter as a creation of modern, post-Luther culture, politics, and theology, we can recover a more accurate picture of the historical Luther. In reading the pre-modern Luther, we see that the deepest individual human experiences occur within the social context and in the community of the church.
Frequency distribution of three perennial plant species to nearest neighbor of the same species in the northern Mohave Desert

Frequency distribution patterns were developed for distance to nearest neighbor of the same species for Larrea tridentate (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Cov., Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats., and Acamptopappus shockleyi A. Gray. The distances between shrubs had been determined previously in another study. About one-third or more of the nearest neighbor of its own kind was within less than one meter for each species, indicating that it was usually within the same shrub clump, which in turn is indicative of an aggregating effect. For L. tridentata and E. nevadensis much of this could be from the same original plant by crown diffusion ( L. tridentata ) or underground spreading ( E. nevadensis ). None of the three gave evidence of spacing at regular intervals when the nearest neighbor of a single individual within a shrub clump was outside that clump. Rather, they appeared to be randomly distributed under this condition, except possibly for A. shockleyi .
Repurposing Interleukin-6 Inhibitors to Combat COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic with major implications across the world. One of the most frequent causes of death from SARS-CoV-2 is fatal pneumonia from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To date (as of April 2, 2020), other than supportive measures, there are no efficient therapeutic options for COVID-19-related ARDS, although the US Food and Drug Administration recently granted emergency authorization for the use of hydroxychoroquine/chloroquine for this indication (which is usually given with azithromycin). Although the pathogenesis for ARDS is under investigation, one of the major culprits is considered to be cytokine storm, especially from interleukin 6 (IL-6) release. Herein, we review potential use of IL-6 inhibitors, several of which are approved for other disease conditions, as potential novel treatment for the management of COVID-19-related ARDS.
Nanotrap® particles improve detection of SARS-CoV-2 for pooled sample methods, extraction-free saliva methods, and extraction-free transport medium methods

Abstract Here we present a rapid and versatile method for capturing and concentrating SARS-CoV-2 from transport medium and saliva using affinity-capture magnetic hydrogel particles. We demonstrate that the method concentrates virus prior to RNA extraction, thus significantly improving detection of the virus using a real-time RT-PCR assay across a range of viral titers, from 100 to 1,000,000 viral copies/mL; in particular, detection of virus in low viral load samples is enhanced when using the method coupled with the IDT 2019-nCoV CDC EUA Kit. This method is compatible with commercially available nucleic acid extraction kits, as well with a simple heat and detergent method. Using transport medium diagnostic remnant samples that previously had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 using either the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 EUA Test (n=14) or the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 EUA Test (n=35), we demonstrate that our method not only correctly identifies all positive samples (n = 17) but also significantly improves detection of the virus in low viral load samples. The average improvement in cycle threshold (Ct) value as measured with the IDT 2019-nCoV CDC EUA Kit was 3.1; n = 10. Finally, to demonstrate that the method could potentially be used to enable pooled testing, we spiked infectious virus or a confirmed positive diagnostic remnant sample into 5 mL and 10 mL of negative transport medium and observed significant improvement in the detection of the virus from those larger sample volumes.
Research on Key Technical Problem of System Commissioning of Sutong GIL Utility Tunnel Project

Sutong GIL utility tunnel project is a significant part of Huainan-Nanjing-Shanghai UHV AC transmission project. Sutong GIL connects 1000kV over-head transmission lines from Taizhou and Suzhou stations, and its length is about 5.5km. High voltage and large power flow of UHV AC transmission lines produce large induction current, which will cause difficult-extinguished secondary arc and reclosing failure.To solve the above problem, induction current rapid release devices are installed at both sides of Sutong GIL. Thus, there are four grounding devices for the same loop of Taizhou-Suzhou transmission lines, and the induction voltage and current are different under various grounding conditions, which should be concerned during system commissioning. Sutong GIL project divides Taizhou-Suzhou transmission lines into two parts, and the both open-looped over-head parts are earlier completed. This may cause voltage control and electromagnetic transient problems in system commissioning of the over-head parts of Huainan-Nanjing-Shanghai UHV AC transmission project. This paper focuses on key technical problems of system commissioning Sutong GIL utility tunnel project as well as Huainan-Nanjing-Shanghai UHV AC transmission project. Simulation studies have been carried out, and corresponding measures have been proposed, which have been applied in field commissioning.
The Gravitational Lens B1608+656: I. V, I, and H-band HST Imaging

We present a multi-wavelength analysis of high-resolution observations of the quadruple lens B1608+656 from the HST archive, acquired with WFPC2 through filters F606W (V-band) and F814W (I-band), and with NIC1 in filter F160W (H-band). In the three bands, the observations show extended emission from the four images of the source in a ring-like configuration that surrounds the two, resolved, lensing galaxies. B1608+656 was discovered as a double-lobed radio source, and later identified as a post-starburst galaxy in the optical. Based on photometry and optical spectroscopy we estimate that the stellar population of the source has an age of $\sim$ 500 Myr. This provides a model for the spectrum of the source that extends over spectral regions where no observations are available, and is used to generate Tiny Tim PSFs for the filters. Deconvolutions performed with the Lucy-Richardson method are presented, and the limitations of these restorations is discussed. V$-$I and I$-$H color maps show evidence of extinction by dust associated with one of the lensing galaxies, a late type galaxy presumably disrupted after its close encounter with the other lens, an elliptical galaxy. The extinction affects the two lens galaxies and two of the four multiple images. The diagnostic of wavelength-dependent effects in the images shows that corrections for contamination with light from the lenses, extinction, and PSF convolution need to be applied before using the extended structure in the images as a constraint on lens models. We will present the restoration of the images in a subsequent paper.
A cross-case analysis of developing program sustainability and institutionalization in early stages of a multisite biomedical student diversity initiative

Grant funding often drives innovative programming in efforts to enhance diversity in biomedical fields, yet strategies for sustainability of grant-funded biomedical intervention are not well understood. Additionally, as funding agencies shift toward supporting institutional change to biomedical training, less is known about the extent to which sustainability strategies can support long-term institutionalization of the original goals of the grant-funded initiative. The purpose of this study is twofold: to identify strategies used by grant-funded programs for promoting sustainability, and to examine the interrelations between the concepts of sustainability and institutionalization during early stages of grant-funded biomedical career training efforts. We employed a multiple case study design and cross-case analysis using interviews of program administrators and participants from 10 undergraduate institutions that received Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) awards funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). BUILD sites engaged in the following strategies to develop program sustainability: 1) scaling and adapting to expand programmatic impact, 2) identifying additional funding and cost-cutting measures, 3) developing and maintaining infrastructure and structural operations, 4) leveraging relationships and with intra-and inter-institutional partners, and 5) and addressing hiring, policies, and reward systems at the institution. Senior administrative support supported program sustainability and early institutionalization, although we also identified situations where participants felt that they were on track for sustainable changes without administrative support or institutional change. Of the strategies identified, those that involve organizational and infrastructural changes contribute to early stages of institutionalization. This study contributes to literature on organizational change by providing evidence of distinctions and interrelations between program sustainability efforts and institutionalization of change efforts in that some sustainability strategies can overlap with strategies to move toward institutionalization. The findings indicate the importance of program administrators developing early sustainability plans that also lead to institutionalization, as well as an opportunity for funding agencies to develop technical assistance on sustainability, organizational change, and institutionalization as a resource to support program administrators’ efforts toward making lasting, structural change on their campuses.
Mary Elvira Weeks and Discovery of the Elements

Mary Elvira Weeks (1892–1975) was the author of the highly successful book, The Discovery of the Elements. She was born in Lyons, Wisconsin, and attended Ripon College, Ripon, Wisconsin (B.A. 1913), the University of Wisconsin (M.A. 1914), and the University of Kansas (Ph.D. 1927). In 1932, Weeks began publishing a series of more than twenty-one articles in the Journal of Chemical Education, and in 1933 she combined these articles in book form and published the first edition of The Discovery of the Elements. The book went through six further editions, ending with the 7th edition in 1968 which was co-authored with Henry M. Leicester. In 1944 Weeks moved to Wayne State University in Detroit to accept a post as a scientific researcher at the Kresge-Hooker Science Library. She retired in 1954 and stayed in Detroit until her death. In addition to these and other biographical details, the present paper contains an analysis of the changes made in the various editions of Discovery of the Elements, along with a study of how the book was received, as illustrated by excerpts from book reviews over the years. Much of the material in Discovery of the Elements is as enjoyable and informative today as it was when first published beginning in 1932.
Patients with chronic non-specific low back pain have altered movement coordination during functional reaching tasks.

Abstract Background Identifying altered motor control patterns during functional movements in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) has important clinical implications for reducing the risk of recurrence. While prior research has shown that magnitudes of lumbar and hip motion are not altered in patients with chronic non-specific LBP, it is possible that outcomes which describe coordination could provide greater discriminatory information between pathological and healthy movement. Research question Determine the effect of biological sex and chronic non-specific LBP on coordination between hip and lumbar motion during cyclic and discrete reaching. Methods Twenty participants with chronic non-specific LBP (11 male/9 female, 23.5 ± 4.9 years old) and 21 control participants (12 male/9 female, 22.9 ± 6.1 years old) completed discrete and cyclic reaching tasks to a target in the mid-sagittal plane, while whole-body kinematics were collected using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Movement time, lumbar motion, hip motion, and the ratio between lumbar and hip motion were compared between participants with and without chronic non-specific LBP and between men and women using two-way mixed ANOVAs. Results Participants with chronic non-specific LBP had reduced lumbar-hip ratios relative to control participants during both the cyclic (F = 4.779, p = 0.035, η2 = 0.114) and discrete tasks (F = 4.743, p = 0.036, η2 = 0.119), however group differences were not observed for hip or lumbar excursion during either task (p > 0.05). Participants with chronic non-specific LBP had slower reaching times relative to controls during the discrete reaching task (F = 4.795, p = 0.035, η2 = 0.115). No significant effects of sex, and no interactions between group and sex were observed for any outcome. Significance Reduced lumbar-hip ratios during reaching likely reflect a compensatory movement strategy that could play an important role in the development and progression of LBP.
Space transformation method in control of agile interceptors and missiles with advanced microelectromechanical actuators

Interceptors and missiles must demonstrate acceptable performance (agility, maneuverability, controllability, stability, etc.), and different autopilots have been designed. In addition, different guidance control laws have been studied. The needs for improvements of interceptors and missiles guidance and performance in expanded flight envelopes lead to the design of integrated guidance-autopilot tracking controllers. The missile performance is strongly influenced by nonlinear highly coupled longitudinal-lateral dynamics modeled using six nonlinear differential equations (six-degree-of-freedom mathematical model). The linearization of mathematical models are found to be very limited and can be applied only to a very restricted class of flight vehicles. Missiles are controlled by deflecting control surfaces, thrust vectoring, moving mass, reactive jets, and other techniques. Depending upon the missile configuration, which is particularly true for multi-stage missiles, the mathematical models are different. Therefore, general control methods capable to handle nonlinear phenomena and effects are sought. This paper illustrates that superior performance can be accomplished devising novel control procedures based upon complete nonlinear missile-actuators dynamics. A new control design method is reported, and integrated tracking guidance-autopilot control algorithms are synthesized. In this paper, the application of the Hamilton-Jacobi concept and the space transformation method are reported. To validate the results, nonlinear design, simulations, and analysis are performed. High-performance miniscale actuators, fabricated utilizing MEMS technology, are examined to actuate control surfaces. The rigid-body interceptor (missile) and actuator dynamics may have the same order of settling time. Therefore, vehicle and actuators dynamics must be integrated in order to analyze and design high-performance control systems.
Collision-Induced Dissociation of Polyatomic Ions

This chapter deals with reactions between polyatomic ions and collision targets which lead to fragmentation of the ion. Most but not all of the work involves gaseous targets. Impact energies fall in the range from ∼100 eV to ∼ 100 keV. Virtually all studies have employed detection of the fast product ion at near zero scattering angle. Many have been made in some type of mass spectrometer. The reactions of interest involve inelastic collisions, the internal energy of the ion increasing as a result of the collision. The reactions of fast ions with which we are concerned are mechanistically dissimilar from collision-induced dissociations (CID) at low energy (electron volt range) which proceed via long-lived complexes. The latter reactions are well known1 but fall outside the scope of this work.
Impression store: compressive sensing-based storage for big data analytics

For many big data analytics workloads, approximate results suffice. This begs the question, whether and how the underlying system architecture can take advantage of such relaxations, thereby lifting constraints inherent in today's architectures. This position paper explores one of the possible directions. Impression Store is a distributed storage system with the abstraction of big data vectors. It aggregates updates internally and responds to the retrieval of top-K high-value entries. With proper extension, Impression Store supports various aggregations, top-K queries, outlier and major mode detection. While restricted in scope, such queries represent a substantial and important portion of many production workloads. In return, the system has unparalleled scalability; any node in the system can process any query, both reads and updates. The key technique we leverage is compressive sensing, a technique that substantially reduces the amount of active memory state, IO, and traffic volume needed to achieve such scalability.
Multiple measures of provider participation in Internet delivered interventions.

Evaluation of Internet-delivered continuing education for health care providers requires appropriate consideration of their level of participation. To fully assess participation requires multidimensional measures, including factors such as the volume of participation (page views), frequency (visits), variety (components accessed by each provider), and duration (months of activity). We calculated crude and refined (adjusted for study design) measures and then compared these measures across three longitudinal Internet-delivered continuing education to health care providers (N = 429). We found that participation varied across study, varied by factor and varied by specific measure. Correlation between crude and refined measures within a factor and across factors differed significantly. Participation assessment of internet-delivered interventions varies by the selection of measure and factor. Further research assessing the potential for these measures to predict intervention effectiveness is needed.
Cyclic acetals as cleavable linkers for affinity capture

Labeling proteins with biotin is a widely used method to identify target proteins due to biotin's strong binding affinity for streptavidin. Combined with alkyne–azide cycloaddition, which enables the coupling of probes to targeted proteins, biotin tags linked to an alkyne or azide have become a powerful tool for purification and analysis of proteins in proteomics. However, biotin requires harsh elution conditions to release the captured protein from the bead matrix. Use of these conditions reduces signal to noise and complicates the analysis. To improve affinity capture, cleavable linkers have been introduced. Here, we demonstrate the use of a cyclic acetal biotin probe that is prepared easily from commercially available starting materials, is stable to cell lysates, yet is cleaved under mildly acidic conditions, and which provides an aldehyde for further elaboration of the protein, if desired.
Dietary modulation of small intestinal glutamine transport in intestinal brush border membrane vesicles of rats

The effects of a glutamine-enriched diet on the transport of glutamine across brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from the rat jejunum were studied to gain further insight into the effects of diet on regulating gut glutamine utilization. Following fasting, rats were randomized to one of three nutritionally complete elemental diets supplemented with glutamine, glutamate, or glycine (control). Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared by a Mg2+ aggregation/differential centrifugation technique and uptake of radioactive [3H]glutamine by the BBMV was studied using a rapid mixing/filtration technique. BBMVs from all test diet groups were enriched in alkaline phosphatase 14-fold. [3H]Glutamine uptake courses for all groups demonstrated sodium dependency, overshoots, and similar 2-hr equilibrium values. Vesicles from animals fed the glutamine-enriched diet had a 75% increase in glutamine uptake compared to those of the control diet and a 250% increase compared to those of the glutamate-enriched diet (P less than 0.05). alpha-Methylamino isobutyric acid and glycine did not significantly inhibit total [3H]glutamine uptake, whereas asparagine and glutamine inhibited total [3H]glutamine uptake compared to the mannitol control. The brush border appears to possess the glutamine selective System N transporter, the activity of which can be stimulated by providing dietary glutamine.
Electron-Paramagnetic-Resonance Investigation of the Superhyperfine Structure of Iron-Group Impurities in II-VI Compounds

The electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectra of several iron-group impurities in ZnSe, ZnTe, and CdTe are shown to have resolved superhyperfine structure (SHFS) resulting from an interaction with one or two shells of Se or Te nuclei surrounding the impurity. We have observed interaction with the two nearest chalcogenide shells for ZnSe: ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{+}$, ZnSe: ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$, ZnTe: ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{+}$, ZnTe: ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$, and ZnTe: ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{+}$, and an interaction with only the nearest chalcogenide shell for ZnSe: ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$, ZnSe: ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$, and CdTe: ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$. Hensel's data on ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ in ZnTe were analyzed for the first-shell Te SHFS. None of these data exhibit ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{67}$ SHFS, although the Cd chalcogenides show Cd SHFS. Several other impurities in II-VI compounds were studied to obtain additional information on SHFS. The SHFS results are compared for different impurities and crystals and discussed in relation to the delocalization expected from covalent bonding. The small observed delocalization is surprising in view of the fairly large covalent character of the crystals.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance and Diagnosis

tries, most of which are in Western Europe [2]. Half of these countries, including Canada, Israel, and Japan, reported their first cases of BSE during 2001-2003. In the United States, BSE was identified for the first time in 2003 in a cow imported into Washington state from Canada, where 3 additional BSE cases were reported in native cattle, 2 of them in January 2005 [1, 3]. In June 2005, BSE was reported in a cow born and raised in Texas. Strong epidemiologic and laboratory evidence supported a causal link between BSE and variant CJD cases that were recognized initially in the United Kingdom but were later also reported in other coun-