cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case of Primary CNS Angiitis Presenting as Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis (P6.228)

Objective: To report an atypical presentation of primary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis affecting the spinal cord. Background: Primary CNS angiitis is a challenging clinical entity without reliable methods of definitive diagnosis that frequently mimics more common disease processes such as cerebral ischemia and neuroinflammatory disorders. We report a case of biopsy proven primary CNS angiitis that presented as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. A prior case series reported spinal cord involvement in Design/Methods: This is a clinical case report with radiographic and pathological correlation. Results: A 25 year old man developed low back pain and burning parasthesias in his lower extremities in August 2016. Over the next several months, he went on to develop urinary retention and worsening weakness in his bilateral lower extremities eventually requiring assistive devices to ambulate. Physical exam demonstrated normal cranial nerve function, with flaccid paraparesis, impaired vibration/proprioception, and absent reflexes in the lower extremities. MRI demonstrated extensive T2 hyperintensities from T10 to the conus with patchy enhancement that extended to the exiting lumbosacral nerve roots. Lumbar puncture revealed protein of 337 mg/dL, 305 white blood cells (91% lymphocytes without monoclonal populations), negative infectious markers and no oligoclonal bands. Patient received intravenous methylprednisolone and plasma exchange with mild improvement in his symptoms. Repeat MRI in January demonstrated new cerebral involvement that worsened on serial examination. A cerebral angiogram was negative prompting a surgical biopsy that demonstrated granulomatous inflammation in the blood vessel walls without signs of an infectious process or parenchymal inflammation. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates a diagnostic pitfall that deserves to be recognized and included in the differential diagnosis for this clinical syndrome. Delays in diagnosis in cases of primary CNS angiitis can lead to significant morbidity for patients. Disclosure: Dr. Benesh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pennington has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fallon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rinker has nothing to disclose.
Force-Vision Sensor Fusion Improves Learning-Based Approach for Self-Closing Door Pulling

Multiple sensors are often used in robotic applications for better situational awareness. Hence, sensor fusion becomes a key technology to manage multiple sources of information and plays a critical role to the success in robotic tasks such as object detection and tracking, autonomous navigation, and interaction with humans. With these capabilities, wheeled autonomous vehicles can be used to automate some public services. However, there are still challenges for wheeled vehicles to safely and agilely maneuvering in human-centered environments. One of these challenges is lacking the capability of autonomously opening doors and traversing doorways without using a general-purpose robotic arm (manipulator). An autonomous door-opening operation is a complex task consisting of identifying the door and door handle, navigating the vehicle to the door, operating the door handle, and pulling or pushing the door to open while traversing the doorway. A self-closing door adds significant difficulty for the last step because the door usually needs to be held open while the vehicle is traversing the doorway. This paper presents a method using force-vision sensor fusion to enhance a deep reinforcement learning (RL) process for a wheeled vehicle to perform the most difficult step of a door-opening and pass-through operation. That step is to pull and hold a self-closing door open while the vehicle is traversing the doorway. In our solution, the vehicle is equipped with a camera, a force sensor, and a concise door-opening mechanism. The method was simulated in Gazebo and the results demonstrated that the deep RL-based force-vision sensor fusion method can be successfully applied to the task of self-closing door pulling by a wheeled vehicle without using a robotic arm and without a pre-planned trajectory. The vehicle control was trained without using domain randomization, but it still works in variant environments.
Pediatric Firearm Injury Trends in the United States: A National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) Analysis

Abstract Aim of Study Firearm injuries are the second leading cause of injury-related death in the USA in children under 18. We compared overall and intent-specific firearm hospitalizations across age group and race to understand recent trends. Methods A retrospective cohort of 20,083 children from the National Trauma Data Bank involved in incidences of firearm discharges from 2013-2017 was divided by race, discharge intent, gun type, and four age groups: infants (ages 0-2), toddlers (3-6), children (7-12), and adolescents (13-18). Discharge intent and gun type were determined by ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM External Causes of Injury codes. Injury severity score (ISS), hospital discharge disposition, and length of stay (LOS) were used as predictors for morbidity and mortality. Results From 2013 to 2017, there were on an average 4016 firearm injuries reported to the NTDB (n=20,083). 71% (n=14313) of the incidents were assaults. Victims who identified as African American and Caucasian made up 60% (n=11890) and 26% (n=5162) of the total victims, respectively, and were predominantly male (86%, n=17202). Victims who identified as Caucasian made up 70% of suicides (n=819), while African Americans made up 70% of assaults (n=9733). 87% (n=17525) of the patient population were adolescents. The number of accidental firearm discharges compared to firearm assaults was greater for toddlers, while the opposite was true for infants, children, and adolescents. Average LOS by age group varied each year, though children had the highest total average LOS. Average ISS was highest for infants and adolescents (11.5 and 10.4) and American Indians and Caucasians (10.1 and 11.1). Overall mortality rate was 6% (n=1220) and had no significant differences between years. Mortality rate was highest for infants (7%, n=25). Conclusions Adolescent males and African Americans were disproportionately affected by overall and assault-specific firearm discharges. Firearm injury prevention legislation is critical to prevent these injures.
Adverse Wind Loading Induced by Adjacent Buildings

Little guidance is available to the building designer to indicate the possible or probable existence of increased cladding wind loadings resulting from nearby structures or to indicate when model tests should be performed to quantify such effects. To provide information on this problem, one case of increased wind loading on a cylindrical building caused by adjacent structures has been documented by means of wind-tunnel model tests. The results of this investigation are presented and general guidelines defining geometrical conditions which may lead to increased wind loading are stated.
Social Media Mining: Recommendation in Social Media

Individuals in social media make a variety of decisions on a daily basis. These decisions are about buying a product, purchasing a service, adding a friend, and renting a movie, among others. The individual often faces many options to choose from. These diverse options, the pursuit of optimality, and the limited knowledge that each individual has create a desire for external help. At times, we resort to search engines for recommendations; however, the results in search engines are rarely tailored to our particular tastes and are query-dependent, independent of the individuals who search for them. Applications and algorithms are developed to help individuals decide easily, rapidly, and more accurately. These algorithms are tailored to individuals' tastes such that customized recommendations are available for them. These algorithms are called recommendation algorithms or recommender systems . Recommender systems are commonly used for product recommendation. Their goal is to recommend products that would be interesting to individuals. Formally, a recommendation algorithm takes a set of users U and a set of items I and learns a function f such that f : U × I → R (9.1) In other words, the algorithm learns a function that assigns a real value to each user-item pair ( u, i ), where this value indicates how interested user u is in item i . This value denotes the rating given by user u to item i . The recommendation algorithm is not limited to item recommendation and can be generalized to recommending people and material, such as, ads or content.
Vorticity generation mechanisms and correct boundary conditions for transverse jet simulation

A three-dimensional vortex element method is developed to simulate the flow field of an incompressible transverse jet at high Reynolds number — in particular, to explore the response of large-scale vortical structures in the jet to actuation. Vorticity produced in the channel wall boundary layer interacts with the jet flow at the nozzle exit, producing both axial and azimuthal perturbations to the primary azimuthal jet vorticity. We derive vorticity boundary conditions that incorporate this interaction, providing a general framework for modeling vorticity associated with actuation. A comparison of centerplane trajectories for unforced transverse jets illustrates the effect of vorticity boundary conditions on the jet near field.
School discipline in perspective

(1986). School Discipline in Perspective. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 59, No. 8, pp. 369-370.
EULERIAN TIME-DOMAIN FILTERING FOR SPATIAL LES

Eulerian time-domain filtering seems to be appropriate for LES of flows whose large coherent structures convect approximately at a common characteristic velocity; e.g., mixing layers, jets, and wakes. For these flows, we develop an approach to LES based on an explicit second-order digital Butterworth filter, which is applied in the time domain in an Eulerian context. The approach is validated through a priori and a posteriori analyses of the simulated flow of a heated, subsonic, axisymmetrir jet.
Aspartate transcarbamylase. A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the binding of inhibitors and substrates to the catalytic subunit.

Abstract The binding of small molecules to macromolecules can be studied by nuclear magnetic resonance since the width of a resonance can often be related to rotational correlation times and exchange rates for bound and unbound species. Line widths for carbon-linked protons of analogues of carbamyl phosphate (carbamyl-P) in the presence of the catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase are a measure of the rotational freedom of the bound analogues. The protons of phosphonacetamide are broadened considerably in the presence of the subunit, while those of N-methyl phosphonacetamide and methyl phosphonate are not, indicating that an interaction between the [see PDF for structure] group of the analogue and the enzyme limits rotation about the P—C bond in the first instance but not in the latter two. The resonance line width for the methylene protons of 0.025 m succinate, a competitive inhibitor of aspartate, is 0.48 Hz in the absence of enzyme at pH 7, increases slightly when catalytic subunit (20 mg per ml) is added, but increases to 2.00 Hz upon the further addition of 0.025 m carbamyl-P. In this case, the broadening is due primarily to an increase in the lifetime of the succinate-enzyme complex, induced by carbamyl-P. Some analogues of carbamyl-P, for example phosphonacetamide and acetyl phosphate, induce broadening but others, including N-methyl phosphonacetamide, N-methyl carbamyl phosphate, and methyl phosphonate, do not. Only analogues which are not larger than carbamyl-P and which have a carbonyl group in addition to a phosphate or phosphonate dianion induce the broadening of the succinate line. The resonance for the protons of malonate, another inhibitor of aspartate, is also broadened by carbamyl-P and phosphonacetamide in the presence of the catalytic subunit. Dissociation constants determined at pH 7 confirm that carbamyl-P is the most effective analogue in inducing succinate binding at this pH. In addition to line widths, chemical shifts of the bound species have been determined for some of the analogues. The chemical shifts suggest that an aromatic ring is near the binding site for phosphate.
Treating glucosphingolipid disorders by chemotherapy: Use of approved drugs and over-the-counter remedies

The accumulation of a glucosphingolipid (GSL) in individuals lacking an adequate level of hydrolase activity could be minimized by chemotherapeutic measures that slow the formation of the GSL and stimulate the defective hydrolase. By achieving a balance in the rates of formation and breakdown, one should be able to alleviate the symptoms of excess storage and achieve a satisfactory accommodation. While several drugs seem to be specifically suitable for this purpose, only one of these has been approved for human use. However, less effective drugs and over-the-counter substances are available for human use and may prove satisfactory for a few years until better ones are made available. The proposed materials and the evidence behind the recommendations are presented in this paper.
Wave-current interaction in the Florida Current in a coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model

The interaction of waves and currents are investigated in the Florida Current region in two events in early April 2005 using a state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean forecast model that includes assimilation of observations. During the first event, strong northerly winds force swell southward opposing the Florida Current. Current-wave interaction results in larger significant wave heights than found without currents. The second event has south-easterly winds with a significant component along the current direction. In that case, significant wave heights are smaller for the simulation that includes wave-current interaction than without that feed-back. Wave heights at buoy locations near the coast is generally in good agreement with the models results, which implies that inclusion of wave-current interaction may not be important near the shore. The simulation includes events where the maximum winds reach 20 m/s and significant wave heights exceed 2 m.
SPACE-FILLING CURVES AND A MEASURE OF COHERENCE

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on space-filling curves and a measure of coherence. Some space- filling curves can exploit coherence in two dimensions despite a range of object area sizes. As fractals, they are self-similar at multiple resolutions. Thus, if they do a good job of visiting all the pixels corresponding to a particular object area at one scale, then they may have this advantage for much larger or smaller object areas. As topologically continuous curves, areas visited always are adjacent. Peano curves are recursive boustrophedonic patterns. They snake back and forth at multiple recursion levels, filling the plane. Because each pattern enters and exits from opposite rectangle corners, they implicitly use serpentines with an odd number of swaths, a minimum of three. Both the Peano and Hilbert curves far exceed the coherence = 1.00 measure of conventional scanline traversal. The Hilbert curve appears superior, and is easier to generate. Better performance from a real renderer can be expected simply by choosing either of these alternative traversal sequences.
Thinking about AIDS and stigma: a psychologist's perspective

As Jonathan Mann observed, the problem of AIDS-related stigma is inextricably bound to issues of health, human rights, and the law. Such stigma translates into feelings of fear and hostility directed at people with HIV. It finds expression in avoidance and ostracism of people with HIV, discrimination and violence against them, and public support for punitive policies and laws that restrict civil liberties while hindering AIDS prevention efforts. Being the target of stigma inflicts pain, isolation, and hardship on many people with HIV, while the desire to avoid it deters some from being tested for HIV, seeking treatment, or practicing risk-reduction.
A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: application to components of the Escherichia coli lactose operon regulatory system

The use of gel electrophoresis for quantitative studies of DNA-protein interactions is described. This rapid and simple technique involves separation of free DNA from DNA-protein complexes based on differences in their electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gels. Under favorable conditions both unbound DNA and DNA associated with protein can be quantified. This gel method is applied to the study of the E. coli lactose operon regulatory system. At ionic strengths in the physiological range, the catabolite activator protein (CAP) is shown to form a long-lived complex with the wild type lac promotor, but not with a CAP-insensitive mutant. Formation of a stable "open" or "melted-in" complex of RNA polymerase with the wild type promoter requires the participation of CAP and cyclic AMP. Further, it is demonstrated that even when pre-formed in the presence of CAP-cAMP, the polymerase-promoter open complex becomes unstable if CAP is then selectively removed.
Development and evaluation of alternative approaches for exposure assessment of multiple air pollutants in Atlanta, Georgia.

Measurements from central site (CS) monitors are often used as estimates of exposure in air pollution epidemiological studies. As these measurements are typically limited in their spatiotemporal resolution, true exposure variability within a population is often obscured, leading to potential measurement errors. To fully examine this limitation, we developed a set of alternative daily exposure metrics for each of the 169 ZIP codes in the Atlanta, GA, metropolitan area, from 1999 to 2002, for PM2.5 and its components (elemental carbon (EC), SO4), O3, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Metrics were applied in a study investigating the respiratory health effects of these pollutants. The metrics included: (i) CS measurements (one CS per pollutant); (ii) air quality model results for regional background pollution; (iii) local-scale AERMOD air quality model results; (iv) hybrid air quality model estimates (a combination of (ii) and (iii)); and (iv) population exposure model predictions (SHEDS and APEX). Differences in estimated spatial and temporal variability were compared by exposure metric and pollutant. Comparisons showed that: (i) both hybrid and exposure model estimates exhibited high spatial variability for traffic-related pollutants (CO, NOx, and EC), but little spatial variability among ZIP code centroids for regional pollutants (PM2.5, SO4, and O3); (ii) for all pollutants except NOx, temporal variability was consistent across metrics; (iii) daily hybrid-to-exposure model correlations were strong (r>0.82) for all pollutants, suggesting that when temporal variability of pollutant concentrations is of main interest in an epidemiological application, the use of estimates from either model may yield similar results; (iv) exposure models incorporating infiltration parameters, time-location-activity budgets, and other exposure factors affect the magnitude and spatiotemporal distribution of exposure, especially for local pollutants. The results of this analysis can inform the development of more appropriate exposure metrics for future epidemiological studies of the short-term effects of particulate and gaseous ambient pollutant exposure in a community.
The RECQL4 protein, deficient in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is active on telomeric D-loops containing DNA metabolism blocking lesions.

Abstract Telomeres are critical for cell survival and functional integrity. Oxidative DNA damage induces telomeric instability and cellular senescence that are associated with normal aging and segmental premature aging disorders such as Werner Syndrome and Rothmund–Thomson Syndrome, caused by mutations in WRN and RECQL4 helicases respectively. Characterizing the metabolic roles of RECQL4 and WRN in telomere maintenance is crucial in understanding the pathogenesis of their associated disorders. We have previously shown that WRN and RECQL4 display a preference in vitro to unwind telomeric DNA substrates containing the oxidative lesion 8-oxoguanine. Here, we show that RECQL4 helicase has a preferential activity in vitro on telomeric substrates containing thymine glycol, a critical lesion that blocks DNA metabolism, and can be modestly stimulated further on a D -loop structure by TRF2, a telomeric shelterin protein. Unlike that reported for telomeric D -loops containing 8-oxoguanine, RECQL4 does not cooperate with WRN to unwind telomeric D -loops with thymine glycol, suggesting RECQL4 helicase is selective for the type of oxidative lesion. RECQL4's function at the telomere is not yet understood, and our findings suggest a novel role for RECQL4 in the repair of thymine glycol lesions to promote efficient telomeric maintenance.
Family purchasing roles in Saudi Arabia: Perspectives from Saudi wives

Abstract With a few notable exceptions, family purchasing behavior in developing countries has received scanty attention from researchers. This study partially fills in the void by empirically examining family purchasing decision roles in Saudi Arabia. An upscale sample of 249 married Saudi women was used in testing seven hypotheses derived from a synthesis of the relevant cross-cultural literature. All seven hypotheses were developed around one outcome variable-who makes the decision-and were examined across three subdecisions (when to buy, where to buy, and how much to pay). Results supported earlier findings that differential role behavior varies according to cultural influences, resource contributions, and decision and product types.
Computationally efficient radar image based forecasting using RBF neural networks

Radial Basis Function neural networks (RBFNN) have been used for tracking precipitation in weather imagery. Techniques presented in the literature used RBFNN to model precipitation as a combination of localized envelopes which evolve over time. A separate RBFNN was used to predict future values of the evolving envelope parameters considering each parameter as a time series. Prediction of envelope parameters is equivalent to forecasting the associated weather events. Recently, the authors proposed an alternative RBFNN-based approach for modeling precipitation in weather imagery in a computationally efficient manner. However, the event prediction stage was not investigated, and thus any possible trade-off between efficiency and forecasting effectiveness was not examined. In order to facilitate such a test, an appropriate prediction technique is needed. In this work, an RBFNN series prediction scheme explores the dependence of envelope parameters on each other. Although different approaches can be employed for training the RBFNN predictor, a computationally efficient subset selection method is adopted from past work, and adjusted to support parameter dependence. Simulations are presented to illustrate that simultaneous prediction of the precipitation event parameters may be advantageous.
EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON ELONGATION AND BRANCHING IN PEA ROOTS.

The characteristic morphology of the branched tap-root system of an adult plant is determined by the number and location of lateral root meristems initiated by the primary root during the course of its development. Much interest has centered around the identification of the specific factors responsible for the initiation of the cellular divisions leading to the precise formation of lateral root primordia. It was shown by Thimann (16) and others that auxin plays a role in the initiation of lateral roots in the primary root of such plants as the garden pea, Pisum sativum. Evidence from recent studies of isolated pea roots grown in sterile nutrient medium (17) indicated that some other factor or factors act together with auxin to control lateral root formation in this plant. The continued study of these unknown factors revealed some remarkable effects of light on root growth? effects which may contribute to our understanding of the processes controlling root growth. Relatively few investigators have described direct effects of illumination on the growth of this usually subterranean organ of the plant body. Scattered reports in the literature including such early work as that by Darwin (2) and others (7), demonstrated an inhibitory effect of white light on root elongation. Segelitz (15) reported that isolated corn roots grown in culture in the dark extend more rapidly than roots exposed to white light, an effect attributed to the production of auxin by roots in the light. Robbins and Maneval (14) reported that the growth of excised corn roots was favorably influenced by light, an effect also reported by White (20) for the excised roots of wheat grown in sterile culture. Naundorf (8) showed that illumination causes increased auxin production in the roots of intact or seedless Helianthus plants, which results in a slight acceleration of root elongation. According to Naundorf, auxin stimulation of root elongation may occur when suboptimal concentrations of auxin are normally present in the root. Phototropic responses by roots, either positive or negative, are recorded for a number of different species of plants and attempts have been made (8) to explain these responses in terms of differential auxin production in the light and dark. White (21) has stated that light has no observable effect on the growth of tomato roots in a sterile nutrient medium. Robbins (13) reported a peculiar periodic formation of root hairs by isolated roots of Datura grown in
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF THE CLOSED RUNWAY OPERATION PREVENTION DEVICE

The MITRE Corporation was asked by the Federal Aviation Administration to perform an initial operational feasibility analysis on a speech recognition-based concept called the Closed Runway Operation Prevention Device (CROPD). This paper describes the activities conducted as part of the design and evaluation of the CROPD and outlines how a human-centered perspective of the system and operational environment informs the specifications of user interface design and system functionality.
Medicolegal analysis of injury during endoscopic sinus surgery

Objectives To survey the causes, characteristics, and outcomes of malpractice litigation resulting from injuries sustained during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Study design A retrospective analysis of United States state and federal civil litigation involving injuries resulting from ESS. Methods Sources were state and federal court decisions and jury verdict reports accessed through a computerized legal database. The 41 cases were decided or settled between 1990 and 2003. The cases and reports were analyzed for pertinent data regarding plaintiffs, defendants, allegations of wrongdoing, resulting injury, expert witnesses, and resulting verdict or settlement. Correlation between severity of injury and case outcome was analyzed. Results All suits reviewed involved ESS. Many cases included multiple causes of action, or types of malpractice, including negligent technique, 31 (76%); lack of informed consent, 15 (37%); and wrongful death, 2 (5%). The defendant-physician specialty was overwhelmingly otolaryngology, 40 (98%). The most common presenting complaint, or indication for surgery, was chronic sinusitis, 30 (73%). The injuries caused by surgery were frequently multiple, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, 10 (24%); brain damage, 6 (15%); diplopia, 7 (17%); and death, 2 (5%). The majority of cases reviewed (83%) resulted in a verdict rather than settlement. The result of the verdict or settlement was 17 (41%) in favor of the plaintiff, 23 (56%) in favor of the defendant, and 1 (2%) unknown. The average award was 751,275 dollars, with a median of 410,239 dollars and a range of 61,000 dollars to 2,870,000 dollars. Conclusions This is the first study to review malpractice litigation resulting from injuries sustained during ESS and shows a hitherto unexpected pattern between severity of injury and case outcome.
The effects of primary ion energy on the extent of fragmentation in desorption ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract The extent of fragmentation of molecules ionized from the solid state by static and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry increases as the translational energy of the bombarding Ar+ or Cs+ ion is decreased. This result applies to both positive and negative ions in the compounds examined, which include ammonium, arsonium, phosphonium, pyridinium, and sulfonate salts, as well as two neutral compounds, a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, and an aromatic carboxylic acid. The degree of fragmentation also depends on the nature of the substrate, with copper consistently yielding more fragmentation than does silver, platinum, or gold. Fragmentation can also be increased by sputter deposition of a thin metal coating over the organic compound. Each of these effects is accounted for in terms of enhanced unimolecular dissociation due to increased internal energy deposition in the desorbed organic ions.
Acculturation and Substance Use: Social Influence as a Mediator among Hispanic Alternative High School Youth.

Research suggests that acculturation increases the risk of substance use among Hispanic youth. However, this process is not well understood. This study examined associations between acculturation and several substance use indicators among a sample of 714 Hispanic youth attending alternative high schools in southern California. Peer social influence was assessed as a potential mediator. Acculturation, measured by language use, was associated with increased risk of lifetime alcohol, marijuana, and current alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and hard drug use, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, and gender. Results of mediation analyses indicate that peer social influence mediated the relationship between acculturation and lifetime alcohol, and current alcohol, cigarettes, and hard drug use. Evidence for partial mediation was observed with lifetime and current marijuana use. These results provide evidence that peer social influence is an important mediating variable that should be considered when examining the relationship between acculturation and substance use.
GENERALIZATIONS OF THE ORLICZ-PETTIS THEOREM

The Orlicz-Pettis Theorem for locally convex spaces asserts that a series in the space which is subseries convergent in the weak topology is actually subseries convergent in the original topology of the space. A subseries convergent series can be viewed as a multiplier convergent series where the terms of the series are multiplied by elements of the scalar sequence space m0 of sequences with finite range. In this paper we show that the conclusion of the Orlicz-Pettis Theorem holds (and can be strengthened) if the multiplier space m0 is replaced by a sequence space with the signed weak gliding hump property.
Preliminary evaluation of cavitation–erosion resistance of Ti-alloys in mercury for the Spallation Neutron Source

Abstract A number of Ti-based alloys in both the mill-annealed and 20% cold-worked conditions were subjected to sonication conditions in Hg using a vibratory horn to assess relative cavitation–erosion resistance. Weight loss as a function of exposure time decreased monotonically with increasing hardness for all alloys/conditions examined, with Ti–6Al–4V (Grade 5) and Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo yielding the best resistance to cavitation–erosion as evidenced by low weight losses and little or no tendency to form pits on the exposed surface. Unalloyed Ti (Grade 4) and Ti–0.12Pd (Grade 7) exhibited greater weight losses by a factor of about two and about five, respectively, with Ti–0.12Pd particularly prone to pitting development. The mean erosion rates of the best two Ti-alloys examined were about a factor of three higher than identically tested 316LN stainless steel following a low temperature carburizing treatment, but this difference is considered minor given that the rate for both materials is very low/manageable and represents a through-thickness property for the Ti-alloys. A nitriding surface treatment was also evaluated as a potential method to further increase the cavitation–erosion resistance of these alloys in Hg, but the selected treatment proved largely ineffective as measured by rapid weight loss. Recommendations for further work to evaluate the efficacy of Ti-based alloys for use in high-powered targets for the Spallation Neutron Source are given.
Two-Valued Logics of Intentionality: Temporality, Truth, Modality, and Identity

The essay introduces a non-Diodorean, non-Kantian temporal modal semantics based on part-whole, rather than class, theory. Formalizing Edmund Husserl’s theory of inner time consciousness, §3 uses his protention and retention concepts to define a relation of self-awareness on intentional events. §4 introduces a syntax and two-valued semantics for modal first-order predicate object-languages, defines semantic assignments for variables and predicates, and truth for formulae in terms of the axiomatic version of Edmund Husserl’s dependence ontology (viz. the Calculus [CU] of Urelements) introduced by The Ontology of Intentionality I & II. It then uses the §3 results to define the modalities of truth, and §5 extends the semantics to identity claims. §6 defines and contrasts synthetic a priori truths to analytic a priori truths, and §7 compares Brentano School noetic semantic and Leibnizian possible-world semantic perspectives on modality. The essay argues that the modal logics it defines semantically are two-valued, first-order versions of the type of language which Husserl viewed as the language of any ontology of experience (i.e. of any science), and conceived as the logic of intentionality.
Physiological decrements during sustained military operational stress.

ABSTRACTMissions conducted by the U.S. Military during combat involve a multitude of operational stressors that can cause deterioration in physical and military performance of soldiers. Physiological consequences of sustained operational stress include decrements in anabolic hormones, skeletal muscle mass, and loss of bone mineral density. The objective of this review is to examine the current literature and provide commanders with information on the physical and physiological decrements in soldiers conducting sustained operations. The intent is that this will provide commanders with insight on how to plan for missions to incorporate possible countermeasures to enhance or sustain warfighter performance.
A Mathematical “Prototype” of the Vehicle to Describe Vehicle Handling Behaviour

SUMMARY This paper presents an overview over a new kind of computation method in the field of vehicle development. The computer program applied is called ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems). The general theory of the program is explained by a simple example. Some applications, especially with regard to vehicle handling, are described, and computation results are compared with tests.
Multi-objective genetic algorithms for cost-effective distributions of actuators and sensors in large structures

This paper proposes a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) for optimal placements of control devices and sensors in seismically excited civil structures through the integration of an implicit redundant representation genetic algorithm with a strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2. Not only are the total number and locations of control devices and sensors optimized, but dynamic responses of structures are also minimized as objective functions in the multi-objective formulation, i.e., both cost and seismic response control performance are simultaneously considered in structural control system design. The linear quadratic Gaussian control algorithm, hydraulic actuators and accelerometers are used for synthesis of active structural control systems on large civil structures. Three and twenty-story benchmark building structures are considered to demonstrate the performance of the proposed MOGA. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is effective in developing optimal Pareto front curves for optimal placement of actuators and sensors in seismically excited large buildings such that the performance on dynamic responses is also satisfied.
A Multidimensional Examination of Campus Safety Victimization, Perceptions of Danger, Worry About Crime, and Precautionary Behavior Among College Women in the Post-Clery Era

Using data from a spring 2004 telephone survey of 1,010 female undergraduate and graduate students at one southeastern state university, the authors examine the objective and subjective experiences with sexual assault or coercion, physical assault, and stalking among college women, paying particular attention to whether actual victimization experiences while in college coincide with cognitive assessments of campus risk, emotionally based worry about crime, and fear-related precautionary behavior. Furthermore, the authors explore whether these interrelationships might be perpetrator specific, focusing on differences in risk perception, worry, or precautionary behavior across acquaintance versus stranger-perpetrated victimization experiences. Results suggest that there is a loose coupling between actual victimization and subjective crime experiences. Implications for how colleges and universities publicly report crime and victimization, as mandated by the Clery Act, are discussed in light of these findings.
Role of “Core” and “Halo” solar electrons in ionization of the interstellar medium

In the present consideration of the probability of interstellar wind H and He atoms' survival of ionization by solar wind electrons, a dual temperature electron distribution is for the first time used to model the effects of 'core' (10 eV) and 'halo' (60 eV) solar electrons on survival probabilities. The interstellar wind has a higher probability of surviving halo rather than core electron ionization only at heliocentric distances smaller than 0.5 AU. For larger distances, halo and core survival probabilities are similar, and similarly insensitive to changes in (1) interstellar wind velocity at infinity, (2) the solar ratio of radiation to gravitational force, and (3) solar electron temperatures. At distances smaller than 0.5 AU, however, sensitivity significantly increases.
The importance of patient registration and processing.

coughing and experiencing mild chest discomfort ordered a chest radiograph of himself while covering a Saturday afternoon shift at the hospital. The physician was a heavy smoker and his father had died of lung cancer. When he asked the radiology technologist who was on duty to perform the chest examination, the technologist told him that he had to register first so that there would be a permanent record of the radiograph, an official interpretation rendered by a radiologist, and a bill. The emergency physician responded that he was in a hurry and would register later. The technologist proceeded to perform the examination, which resulted in slightly overexposed chest radiographs (Fig. 1). Holding the radiographs up to a viewbox, the emergency physician interpreted them as normal, placed the radiographs inside the film envelope, and left the radiology department. He did not show the radiographs to, or consult with, a radiologist and he never completed the hospital registration process. The permanent film jacket was later filed, with neither the radiologist who was on call for the department that day nor anyone else noticing that it contained an unregistered and unreported radiographic examination. Seventeen months later, the emergency medicine physician underwent another radiographic chest examination because of persistent cough,
A directional recombination cloning system for restriction- and ligation-free construction of GFP, DsRed, and lacZ transgenic Drosophila reporters.

Abstract The fruit fly Drosophila is a leading model system for the study of transcriptional control by cis-regulatory elements, or enhancers. Here we present a rapid, high-efficiency system for directionally cloning PCR-amplified, PCR-mutated, or synthetic enhancer sequences into the Ganesh family of P element reporter constructs, which contain reporter genes encoding nuclear-localized eGFP, DsRed, or β-galactosidase. This system, which is scalable for either small projects or high-throughput approaches, makes use of both TOPO and Gateway cloning technologies for directional, efficient cloning, without the need for restriction digestion or ligation reactions. It should be especially useful for those researchers who wish to test large numbers of putative enhancers, those who are undertaking detailed mutational analyses of enhancer sequences, or those who wish to avoid the difficulties sometimes encountered in traditional cloning strategies.
Left ventricular function and haemodynamics in ponies during exercise and recovery

Myocardial and haemodynamic responses to strenuous treadmill exercise were monitored with chronically implanted instrumentation in seven physically untrained ponies. In two other ponies, haemodynamics were monitored using a conventional catheter technique. During exercise (mean +/- sem heart rate = 203 +/- 3 beats/min), left ventricular peak systolic ahd end-diastolic blood pressure significantly increased from 125 +/- 2 to 208 +/- 6 mmHg and from 29 +/- 1 to 58 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively (P less than 0.05). Peak positive first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) was also increased significantly, (1397 +/- 144 to 6016 +/- 325 mmHg/sec), as were myocardial segment velocity of shortening during systole (dL/dtsys) and stroke work (193 and 109 per cent, respectively). Paradoxically, segment systolic shortening was reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) with respect to resting control values for 10 mins after cessation of exercise, with the maximal reduction of 22 per cent occurring at 2 mins post exercise. In addition, left ventricular segment stroke work decreased significantly to 67 per cent of resting control value at 2 mins post exercise. This study demonstrates that analysis of regional myocardial performance in conjunction with haemodynamic data permits a detailed description of cardiac events during and immediately following exercise, facilitating definition of changes which are not readily reflected by haemodynamics. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that untrained ponies may readily complete short bouts of near-maximal exercise, yet experience significantly diminished left ventricular function in the immediate post exercise period.
Spatial Reasoning: Learning from Observations

This paper is concerned with a machine learning approach to spatial reasoning, under the goal of developing an intelligent system capable of sensor fusion, scene understanding, reasoning with spatial objects, and improving its performance over time. We integrate an incremental conceptual clustering system (INC) with a com-puter vision system, developed in our Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision laboratories. The project consists of: (1) developing spatial knowledge models and cognitive functions within a spatial learning system, and (2) evaluating the plausibility, effectiveness, and constraints of the system in both the general-type spatial reasoning tasks in cognitive systems and the following scene analysis/understanding tasks: sensor fusion, object recognition, model instantiation, image/scene description, and reasoning about a scene.
The regulation of stroke volume in the resting, unanesthetized dog.

Abstract In the resting dog who displays a marked sinus arrhythmia, a model of stroke volume control was tested by a procedure of vectorial reconstruction. In the model, stroke volume is determined by preceding cardiac interval (I), arterial pressure (PA), and filling pressure (PDV). The fit of the model is good; changes in stroke volume are accurately predicted by changes in the other variables. A unit-vector solution indicates the relative importance of each variable. A set of (regression) coefficients indicates how a change in each variable changes the stroke volume. Agreement from run to run and from animal to animal is good. All of the variables—I, PDV, and PA—are necessary to achieve the best prediction of the stroke volume. Each of the variables makes a unique contribution to the stroke-volume changes. If another variable acts in conjunction with those named, its effect is less than that of any of the others. Sympathetic discharge to the heart appears to cause no changes in stroke volume in these resting animals.
Core-excitation effects on atomic transitions

By including explicitly the electronic configurations with three simultaneously excited electronic orbitals, we have successfully extended the BSCI (B-spline based configuration interaction) method to estimate directly the effects of inner shell core-excitation to atomic transitions. In particular, we are able to carry out detailed ab initio investigation on the core polarization effects without the need of employing parameterized model potential. We present in this paper quantitatively the change in atomic transition rate due to the core excitations for four-electron systems, especially for transitions involving doubly excited states and transitions with small oscillator strengths. Our numerical results using length and velocity gauge typically agree to better than 1%.
Integrated measurements of acoustical and optical thin layers I: Vertical scales of association

Abstract This study combined measurements from multiple platforms with acoustic instruments on moorings and on a ship and optics on a profiler and an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to examine the relationships between fluorescent, bioluminescent, and acoustically scattering layers in Monterey Bay during nighttime hours in July and August of 2006 and May of 2008. We identified thin bioluminescent layers that were strongly correlated with acoustic scattering at the same depth but were part of vertically broad acoustic features, suggesting layers of unique composition inside larger biomass features. These compositional thin layers nested inside larger biomass features may be a common ecosystem component and are likely to have significant ecological impacts but are extremely difficult to identify as most approaches capable of the vertical scales of measurement necessary for the identification of sub-meter scale patterns assess bulk properties rather than specific layer composition. Measurements of multiple types of thin layers showed that the depth offset between thin phytoplankton and zooplankton layers was highly variable with some layers found at the same depth but others found up to 16 m apart. The vertical offset between phytoplankton and zooplankton thin layers was strongly predicted by the fraction of the water column fluorescence contained within a thin phytoplankton layer. Thin zooplankton layers were only vertically associated with thin phytoplankton layers when the phytoplankton in a layer accounted for more than about 18–20% of the water column chlorophyll. Trophic interactions were likely occurring between phytoplankton and zooplankton thin layers but phytoplankton thin layers were exploited by zooplankton only when they represented a large fraction of the available phytoplankton, suggesting zooplankton have some knowledge of the available food over the entire water column. The horizontal extent of phytoplankton layers, discussed in the second paper in this series, is likely an important factor contributing to this selective exploitation by zooplankton. The pattern of vertical offset between phytoplankton and zooplankton layers was consistent between studies in different years and using different combinations of platforms, indicating the importance of the relationship between zooplankton layers and the fraction of phytoplankton within a layer at night within Monterey Bay. These results highlight the value of integrating measurements of various types of organisms to understand thin layers processes and the importance of assessing ecological interactions in plankton thin layers within the context of the properties of the entire water column, like the animals themselves do.