cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation factors for interstitial-mediated self-diffusion in the diamond lattice: Kinetic lattice Monte Carlo approach

We have performed extensive analysis of the correlation factors for interstitial-mediated self-diffusion via various possible mechanisms and hopping networks in the diamond lattice using the kinetic lattice Monte Carlo approach. The correlation factor for the kick-out mechanism in the tetrahedral hopping network is calculated to be 0.73, in agreement with previous results; and the value for the hexagonal hopping network is 0.47 for the dominant mechanism. For the mechanism where a split interstitial is stable (``stable-split'' mechanism), the correlation factor for the tetrahedral network stays the same while that for the hexagonal network increases to 0.62. We then performed simulations for the diffusion process of silicon involving multiple mechanisms. The choice of mechanisms is justified by ab initio calculations. We conclude that unlike vacancy diffusion, interstitial self-diffusion has a temperature-dependent correlation factor. This conclusion holds in general for diffusion processes involving multiple mechanisms with different activation energies. The correlation factor obtained from ab initio results for interstitial-mediated self-diffusion in silicon at 1000--1100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C is 0.64--0.80, compared to the value of 0.6 extracted from the experiment.
The Auto-Generated Fragment of the Usp1 Deubiquitylase Is a Physiological Substrate of the N-End Rule Pathway

Deamidation of N-terminal Gln by the Ntaq1 Nt^Q-amidase is a part of the Arg/N-end rule pathway, a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system. Here we identify Gln-Usp1^(Ct), the C-terminal fragment of the autocleaved Usp1 deubiquitylase, as the first physiological Arg/N-end rule substrate that is targeted for degradation through deamidation of N-terminal Gln. Usp1 regulates genomic stability, in part through the deubiquitylation of monoubiquitylated PCNA, a DNA polymerase processivity factor. The autocleaved Usp1 remains a deubiquitylase because its fragments remain associated with Uaf1, an enhancer of Usp1 activity, until the Gln-Usp1^(Ct) fragment is selectively destroyed by the Arg/N-end rule pathway. We also show that metabolic stabilization of Gln-Usp1^(Ct) results in a decreased monoubiquitylation of PCNA and in a hypersensitivity of cells to ultraviolet irradiation. Thus, in addition to its other functions in DNA repair and chromosome segregation, the Arg/N-end rule pathway regulates genomic stability through the degradation-mediated control of the autocleaved Usp1 deubiquitylase.
RLS-assisted cost reference particle filtering

Cost-reference particle filtering (CRPF) allows for tracking of nonlinear dynamic states without a prior knowledge of the probability distributions of the noises in the state-space representation of the system. In this paper we consider a setup where the system unknowns consist of linear and nonlinear states. We propose an efficient scheme for estimation of the states by combining CRPF with the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm. We applied the method to the problem of target tracking using biased bearing measurements. Simulation results show a very accurate performance of the proposed approach.
Drag reduction for viscous laminar flow on spray-coated non-wetting surfaces

We estimate the effective Navier-slip length for flow over a spray-fabricated liquid-repellent surface which supports a composite solid–air–liquid interface or ‘Cassie–Baxter’ state. The morphology of the coated substrate consists of randomly distributed corpuscular microstructures which encapsulate a film of trapped air (or ‘plastron’) upon contact with liquid. The reduction in viscous skin friction due to the plastron is evaluated using torque measurements in a parallel plate rheometer resulting in a measured slip length of bslip ≈ 39 μm, comparable to the mean periodicity of the microstructure evaluated from confocal fluorescence microscopy. The introduction of a large primary length-scale using dual-textured spray-coated meshes increases the magnitude of the effective slip length to values in the range 94 μm ≤ bslip ≤ 213 μm depending on the geometric features of the mesh. The wetted solid fractions on each mesh are calculated from free surface simulations on model sinusoidal mesh geometries. The trend in measured values of bslip with the mesh periodicity L and the computed wetted solid-fraction rϕs are found to be consistent with existing analytic predictions.
Enhancement of Polysialic Acid Expression Improves Function of Embryonic Stem-Derived Dopamine Neuron Grafts in Parkinsonian Mice

There has been considerable progress in obtaining engraftable embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived midbrain dopamine neurons for cell replacement therapy in models of Parkinson's disease; however, limited integration and striatal reinnervation of ES-derived grafts remain a major challenge for future clinical translation. In this paper, we show that enhanced expression of polysialic acid results in improved graft efficiency in correcting behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian mice. This result is accompanied by two potentially relevant cellular changes: greater survival of transplanted ES-derived dopamine neurons and robust sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive processes into host tissue. Because the procedures used to enhance polysialic acid are easily translated to other cell types and species, this approach may represent a general strategy to improve graft integration in cell-based therapies.
Electromagnetic wave propagation in a dielectric medium space-time modulated by a nonlinear pump wave

A dispersion relation involving all space-time harmonics has been obtained for electromagnetic wave propagation in an infinite dielectric medium whose permittivity is modulated by a high-intensity pump wave containing two harmonics. A solution for the modal amplitudes has been obtained in the form of continued fractions and the convergence criterion has been postulated.
A semiparametric approach to estimate rapid lung function decline in cystic fibrosis

Abstract Purpose Detecting the onset of rapid lung function decline is important to reduce mortality rates in cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases. The most common approach is conventional linear mixed modeling—estimating a population-level slope of lung function decline and using random effects to address serial correlation—but this ignores nonlinear features of disease progression and distinct sources of variability. The purpose of this article was to estimate patient-specific timing and degree of rapid decline while appropriately characterizing natural progression and variation in CF. Methods We propose longitudinal semiparametric mixed modeling and contrast it with the conventional approach, which restricts lung function (measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a percentage of predicted, FEV 1 %) to linear decline. Each approach is applied to clinical encounter data from the United States CF Foundation Patient Registry. Results Timing and degree of rapid FEV 1 % decline vary across patients and as a function of key covariates. Patients experience maximal FEV 1 % loss by early adulthood more severe than indicated by conventional slope analysis. Conclusions Semiparametric mixed modeling provides a means to estimate patient-specific changes in CF disease progression and may be used to inform prognostic decisions in chronic care settings and clinical studies.
Adaptive strategies that reduce predation on Caribbean spiny lobster postlarvae during onshore transport

Like many marine species with meroplanktonic larvae, the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) has a postlarval stage that moves from the oceanic plankton to inshore nurseries only under specific environmental conditions (i.e., at night, in the surface water layer, on the flood tide, and during new moon), presumably to avoid predation or to enhance onshore transport. Using field and mesocosm experiments, we compared predation on planktonic postlarvae swimming at night near the surface and bottom over coastal habitats along typical offshore‐inshore transport paths and determined whether predation rates differed between lunar periods (new moon vs. full moon) and with prey density (i.e., predator encounter rates). We also measured predation on transparent (newly settled) and pigmented (nearing metamorphosis) postlarvae sheltering in coral reef, seagrass, and macroalgal habitats during the day. We measured predation on postlarvae swimming near the surface and bottom along typical offshore‐inshore transport paths (i.e., coral reefs, coastal lagoon, and bay) by tethering postlarvae to floats that drifted on the nightly flood tide during new moon. To test the hypothesis that new-moon transport of postlarvae may have evolved as a means to avoid higher predation under the bright full moon, we repeated the pelagic tethering experiments at the reef and in the bay during full moon. Mortality was highest over coral reefs regardless of lunar phase, but it was lower nearshore, especially in the bay near the surface and during new moon. Predation on benthic, recently settled transparent postlarvae and pigmented postlarvae (nearing metamorphosis) was also higher when tethered on the reef as opposed to vegetated habitats in the lagoon and bay. In experimental mesocosms, planktivorous fish were equally efficient at consuming postlarvae under new- and full-moon conditions when postlarval density was high, as it is in the constricted water column over the reefs. However, when postlarvae were less dense, mortality was significantly lower during new moon. Collectively, these results indicate that several behavioral traits exhibited by postlarval spiny lobsters, including inshore migration during the darkest lunar phase, use of surface waters, and settlement in vegetated habitats, reduce their risk of predation, particularly in the shallow bay. No single behavioral strategy is universally advantageous across all coastal habitats, but combined, they are an effective means to reduce predation across heterogeneous environments that postlarvae must transit during recruitment.
The opportunities and responsibility for carbon cycle science in the U.S.

Abstract Strategies to address climate change increasingly include options to manage the terrestrial and oceanic portions of the carbon cycle, whether as part of national commitments to international treaties, or as elements of entrepreneurial business plans. Carbon cycle science has much to contribute to informing these strategies, but must consider how to organize so as to best provide more “usable science.” Experience in other areas of earth systems science demonstrates that for knowledge to be more useful to decision makers and others outside the scientific community, deliberate mechanisms must be created to prioritize, conduct and disseminate research that are informed by the needs of the target audience. Carbon cycle science has not yet explored operating in this more deliberate mode. Carbon management thus presents an opportunity for some portion of carbon cycle research to become more directly relevant to societal decision-making through innovative ways of organizing research and operating programs.
Accumulation of RXRα During Activation of Cycling Human T Lymphocytes: Modulation of RXRE Transactivation Function by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways

We have previously reported that the activation of resting human immature peripheral blood T (PBT) lymphocytes is associated with the loss of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) expression. In the present study, we have demonstrated that, unlike resting cells, activation of cycling human mature PBT lymphocytes, and T lymphocyte leukemia cell lines is accompanied by the accumulation of RXRα mRNA and protein. Interestingly, cyclosporin A further augmented RXRα expression, indicating the involvement of calcineurin pathways in the process. 9- cis retinoic acid inhibited the accumulation, suggesting that retinoids can regulate the synthesis of their own receptors during T cell activation. Transfection analysis in Jurkat cells, using RXRE-dependent reporter assays, showed that RXRα accumulated during T cell activation was transcriptionally inactive. To investigate the mechanism of such inhibition, the role of two mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), in modulating RXRE-dependent transcription, was explored. The expression of constitutively active MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) inhibited RXRE-dependent transcription, whereas dominant negative MEKK1 increased the transcription, indicating the involvement of JNK signaling pathways in the process. In contrast, expression of constitutively active MEK1, which activates ERK pathway, enhanced RXRE-dependent activation. When both were activated simultaneously, JNK pathway was dominant over ERK pathway and resulted in inhibition of RXRE-mediated transcription. These data demonstrate a dual regulatory control of RXRα expression during the activation of resting and cycling T lymphocytes and indicate a dynamic balance between JNK and ERK pathways in modulating RXRE-mediated transactivation.
Combining genomic and proteomic approaches for epigenetics research

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype that do not change the DNA sequence. In this review, current methods, both genomic and proteomic, associated with epigenetics research are discussed. Among them, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by sequencing and other ChIP-based techniques are powerful techniques for genome-wide profiling of DNA-binding proteins, histone post-translational modifications or nucleosome positions. However, mass spectrometry-based proteomics is increasingly being used in functional biological studies and has proved to be an indispensable tool to characterize histone modifications, as well as DNA–protein and protein–protein interactions. With the development of genomic and proteomic approaches, combination of ChIP and mass spectrometry has the potential to expand our knowledge of epigenetics research to a higher level.
ReGale: Some memorable results

Abstract This article reviews, with admiration and awe, the scientific contributions of David Gale.
Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone: COMMENT and REPLY: COMMENT

The recent publication, “Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone” ([Meade, 2007][1]), attempts to address an ongoing controversy about the dynamics of the Tibetan Plateau by finding block models for the region that correctly reproduce the kinematics from many global positioning
A laboratory group model for engaging undergraduates in faculty research

In this article, I outline a laboratory group program for engaging large numbers of undergraduate psychology students in faculty research at small liberal arts colleges that have limited research resources. Participating in the group enhances the students' interest in and understanding of psychological research and improves their chances of being accepted into competitive graduate programs while allowing faculty to conduct multiple projects in an efficient manner.
Late Presentation of Double Aortic Arch in School-Age Children Presumed to Have Asthma: The Benefits of Spirometry and Examination of the Flow-Volume Curve

Children with double aortic arch most often present in infancy. This report presents 3 patients in whom the diagnosis of double aortic arch was not revealed until later in childhood. They were all given a misdiagnosis of asthma, but abnormalities detected on the flow-volume curve led to the true diagnosis.
Role of cholecystokinin in the anorexia produced by duodenal delivery of oleic acid in rats

We used the type A cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-AR) antagonist devazepide to assess the importance of CCK in mediating the anorexia produced by 2-h duodenal infusions of glucose (9.2, 11.0, and 18.3 mmol.kg-1.h-1) and the glucose dimer maltose (4.5, 6.7, and 8.5 mmol.kg-1.h-1) at the start of the dark period in nonfasted rats with free access to food. Glucose and maltose appeared to inhibit 2- to 3-h food intakes dose dependently from 19 to 91%. The highest doses of glucose and maltose administered suppressed feeding similarly by increasing first meal latency and decreasing meal frequency; lower doses produced less reliable effects on meal patterns. Devazepide appeared to completely reverse the cumulative intake responses and some of the meal pattern responses to the 9.2-mmol.kg-1.h-1 dose of glucose and to partially attenuate responses to the two higher glucose doses and to the minimal effective dose of maltose (6.7 mmol.kg-1.h-1). The magnitudes of these devazepide effects were not statistically different from those produced by devazepide when vehicle was infused duodenally. These results suggest that CCK may play a significant necessary role in mediating the satiety response to duodenal delivery of small but not large loads of glucose.
The effects of alternating tactile and acoustic stimuli on habituation of the human eyeblink reflex

In the present investigation, we explored the effects of alternating sensory stimuli of two modalities on habituation to those stimuli. The subjects in two control groups participated in 25 trials in which they were exposed to either cutaneous (stimulation of supraorbital nerve) or acoustic (white noise burst) stimuli with a 5-sec interstimulus interval (ISI). The subjects in the experimental group participated in 50 trials in which they were exposed to alternating cutaneous and acoustic stimuli at 2.5-sec ISIs. Habituation in the experimental group, in which the cutaneous stimulus was alternated with acoustic stimuli, was expected to be more rapid than habituation in the control groups, in which the cutaneous stimulus was presented alone, due to the indirect stimulation of the supraorbital nerve by the eyeblinks was elicited by each acoustic stimulus. As predicted, alternating cutaneous and acoustic stimuli enhanced habituation to the cutaneous stimulus. Habituation to the acoustic stimulus was not increased by the interpolation of cutaneous stimuli. These results support the hypothesis that blinking to an acoustic stimulus will generate cutaneous stimuli that interact with direct cutaneous stimulation to engage modulatory processes.
Cohesion Policy of the European Union: Facilitated by Supranational Institutions and Regional Autonomy or Hindered by National Sovereignty?

The economic, cultural, and political diversity of European Union member states is both a blessing and a curse with respect to the success of its integration. Political discord and economic inequality across the regions of the European Union are continuous concerns for policymakers. Regional disparity limits the potential for further integration, foments possible political instability, and contributes to the concentration of resources necessary for economic growth, such as capital, labor, investment, technology, and innovation. Establishing economic cohesion at the sub-national level with respect to the rest of the EU has become a paramount issue for policymakers of the central European Union institutions as they finalize the 2014-2020 Multiannual Financial Framework and assess their progress in meeting the objectives of the Europe 2020 Agenda while simultaneously attempting to resolve the current eurozone financial crisis. Using the case studies of the Basque country, Scotland, and Slovakia, this paper tests two hypotheses to examine the relative success of EU Regional policy. The research hypothesis argues that enhanced cooperation between regional authorities and EU institutions have resulted in achieving many of the cohesion policy objectives. The alternative hypothesis argues that the success of regional policy has been hindered by a variety of factors within regions and member states. The preponderance of evidence supports the research hypothesis.
Activation of suppressor cells is genetically restricted by the I-J Subregion

Evidence describing T cell-mediated suppression of T cell reactivities (1–4), humoral responses (5), and even other suppressor T (Ts) cells (6,7) suggests an important regulatory role for these cells. Manipulation of the Ts pathway may also have important clinical applications. For instance, in murine systems, altering suppressor signals has been shown to have an effect on: growth of a tumor challenge (8), development of experimental arthritis (9), encephalitis (10), as well as acceptance of allografts (11).
The vertebrate Hox gene regulatory network for hindbrain segmentation: Evolution and diversification

Hindbrain development is orchestrated by a vertebrate gene regulatory network that generates segmental patterning along the anterior–posterior axis via Hox genes. Here, we review analyses of vertebrate and invertebrate chordate models that inform upon the evolutionary origin and diversification of this network. Evidence from the sea lamprey reveals that the hindbrain regulatory network generates rhombomeric compartments with segmental Hox expression and an underlying Hox code. We infer that this basal feature was present in ancestral vertebrates and, as an evolutionarily constrained developmental state, is fundamentally important for patterning of the vertebrate hindbrain across diverse lineages. Despite the common ground plan, vertebrates exhibit neuroanatomical diversity in lineage-specific patterns, with different vertebrates revealing variations of Hox expression in the hindbrain that could underlie this diversification. Invertebrate chordates lack hindbrain segmentation but exhibit some conserved aspects of this network, with retinoic acid signaling playing a role in establishing nested domains of Hox expression.
Role of Ionic Strength on n-Butanol Partitioning into Anionic Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylglycerol Vesicles

Bacteria adjust their membrane lipid composition to counteract the fluidizing effects of alcohol and to adapt to elevated alcohol concentrations during fermentation. Bacterial membranes are rich in anionic phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), but little is known regarding alcohol partitioning into anionic membranes, particularly for n-butanol. This work examines the effects of lipid charge on n-butanol partitioning into anionic membrane vesicles composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) in the absence and presence of salt (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS; 0.152 and 1.52 M). Above 0.135 M n-butanol, the membranes were interdigitated irrespective of DPPG or salt concentration, consistent with previous results for neutral membranes, such as DPPC. Increasing salt concentration led to greater n-butanol partitioning in DPPC membranes and caused aggregation/fusion. However, aggregation/fusion was prevented with increasing DPPG concentration (i.e., increasing membrane c...
Quetelet: Rates and their Explanation

Comte’s disdain for statistics had resonance beyond its echoes in the milder criticisms made by Mill in A System of Logic. Claude Bernard, the influential biologist and philosopher of experimentalism, who carefully distanced himself from Positivism in the course of the dispute over vitalism which pitted Pasteur against Comte’s followers (Virtanen, 1960, pp. 2–4), shared in Comte’s and Mill’s suspicion of the claims of the statisticians.
Diet and Physical Activity Intervention Strategies for College Students.

Objectives To understand perceived barriers of a diverse sample of college students and their suggestions for interventions aimed at healthy eating, cooking, and physical activity. Methods Forty students (33% Asian American, 30% mixed ethnicity) were recruited. Six focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded. Coding began with a priori codes, but allowed for additional codes to emerge. Analysis of questionnaires on participants' dietary and physical activity practices and behaviors provided context for qualitative findings. Results Barriers included time, cost, facility quality, and intimidation. Tailoring towards a college student's lifestyle, inclusion of hands-on skill building, and online support and resources were suggested strategies. Conclusions Findings provide direction for diet and physical activity interventions and policies aimed at college students.
Chronic tenosynovitis of the hand caused by Mycobacterium heraklionense

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly recognized as a cause of infection in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Mycobacterium heraklionense is a recently described member of the Mycobacterium terrae complex. Herein we report a case of M. heraklionense chronic flexor tenosynovitis in the hand, managed with surgery and antibiotics.
Men of the Royal Air Force, the Cultural Memory of the Second World War and the Twilight of the British Empire

In an influential article which appeared in 1996, Bill Schwarz provocatively asserted that, in the postwar reconfiguration of Englishness, “the external determinations were primary, and that from the ruins of the colonial empires across the globe there emerged, among the white populations themselves, a recharged, intensified self-consciousness of their existential presence as white”. The rhetoric of embattled white settlers in Kenya, Rhodesia and South Africa was, in the 1950s and early 1960s, rearticulated in the populist language of politics in the metropole itself. In both domains, a common discourse emerged in which a vulnerable and increasingly victimized white community were betrayed by a political elite who were indifferent to the prospect of imminent racial suicide. With mass immigration into postwar Britain from the Caribbean and South Asia, the colonial frontier not merely came home, but “the language of the colonies was reworked and came with it”.1 Schwarza claim for a common structure of thought among whites in both metropole and colony has been taken up by Frank Mort’s study of moral change in postwar London, in which he notes that press coverage of the Mau Mau insurgency in Kenya encouraged a “symbolic interaction between images of the disintegration of British colonialism and the domestic world of inner-city areas like north Kensington”.2
Prefácio a Gender and Politics of History

Penso nesses ensaios como meus ensaios do Pembroke Center porque todos eles foram inspirados pelas discussoes realizadas durante os anos em que dirigi o Pembroke Center de Docencia e Pesquisa sobre Mulheres da Brown University. Foi la que um grupo notavel de pesquisadores envolveu-se no tipo de reflexao direta e experimental que muda o pensamento e abre novas direcoes para a pesquisa e a producao de textos. No seminario do Pembroke Center fui obrigada a levar a serio a teoria pos-estruturalista e enfrentar suas implicacoes para uma historiadora social. O processo foi gratificante e dificil. Foram tratadas muitas das questoes filosoficas mais prementes que eu tinha enfrentado como feminista ao tentar escrever a historia das mulheres mas, ao mesmo tempo, colocou-se para mim uma critica muito mais fundamental do que eu esperava a respeito dos pressupostos de minha disciplina. Ja que eu aprendera a respeito do pos-estruturalismo principalmente com pesquisadores da area de literatura, tambem encontrei problemas inevitaveis para quem se aventura num campo novo. Eram problemas de linguagem e de traducao, da possibilidade de adaptacao de paradigmas disciplinares reinantes e da significacao, se existe alguma, da suposta oposicao entre os metodos e projetos da historia e da
Mechanisms of selective delivery of xanthophylls to retinal pigment epithelial cells by human lipoproteins

The xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin, are dietary carotenoids that selectively accumulate in the macula of the eye providing protection against age-related macular degeneration. To reach the macula, carotenoids cross the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Xanthophylls and β-carotene mostly associate with HDL and LDL, respectively. HDL binds to cells via a scavenger receptor class B1 (SR-B1)-dependent mechanism, while LDL binds via the LDL receptor. Using an in-vitro, human RPE cell model (ARPE-19), we studied the mechanisms of carotenoid uptake into the RPE by evaluating kinetics of cell uptake when delivered in serum or isolated LDL or HDL. For lutein and β-carotene, LDL delivery resulted in the highest rates and extents of uptake. In contrast, HDL was more effective in delivering zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin leading to the highest rates and extents of uptake of all four carotenoids. Inhibitors of SR-B1 suppressed zeaxanthin delivery via HDL. Results show a selective HDL-mediated uptake of zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin via SR-B1 and a LDL-mediated uptake of lutein. This demonstrates a plausible mechanism for the selective accumulation of zeaxanthin greater than lutein and xanthophylls over β-carotene in the retina. We found no evidence of xanthophyll metabolism to apocarotenoids or lutein conversion to meso-zeaxanthin.
Approach to motion control of an exoskeleton in “verticalization-to-walking” regime utilizing pressure sensors

This paper discusses a lower limb exoskeleton designed for executing sit-to-stand motion and walking. The exoskeleton is has an active foot comprising pressure sensors and range-finders. In the paper a control technology based on the use of information from the mechanism's sensor system, in particular sensors mounted on the foot is proposed. The work proposes a method for switching between the motion modes and presents experimental data.
Numerical and Experimental Characterization of Hybrid Fastening System in Composite Joints

Drilling of holes in continuous fiber composites for fastening reduces the load carrying capacities, introduces delamination and creates sites for failure initiation and progression. Recent work on a novel hybrid fastening system, which introduces a structural resin insert through a channel in the bolt shaft, overcomes the effects of drilling, eliminates slip, reduces delamination and increases the load-carrying capacities. While the benefits of this system are experimentally observed, the phenomena that govern these improvements are not fully understood. In this work, numerical simulations and experimental tests of hybrid fastening systems comprised of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite substrates fastened using a ½″ Grade 5 bolt, and with a preload torque of 35 N-m were performed. The results were compared one to the other for stiffness and strength. The simulations captured the damage initiation and progress around the hole, and showed the reduction in bolt tilt ascribed to the incorporation of the adhesive insert. Overall, numerical simulations show promise in providing quantitative information about these complex phenomena, and such post-experimental validations can be used as powerful design tools.
Spectrometer baseline control via spatial filtering

An absorptive half-moon aperture mask is experimentally explored as a broad-bandwidth means of eliminating spurious spectral features arising from reprocessed radiation in an infrared Fourier transform spectrometer. In the presence of the spatial filter, an order of magnitude improvement in the fidelity of the spectrometer baseline is observed. The method is readily accommodated within the context of commonly employed instrument configurations and leads to a factor of two reduction in optical throughput. A detailed discussion of the underlying mechanism and limitations of the method are provided.
TNF Family Protein Regulation in Megakaryocytes and Platelets.

Abstract Activated platelets express and release several TNF family proteins with diverse immunological and inflammatory functions. While the biological effects of these potent immunological modifiers are an area of intense study, there are no studies to date that have investigated the mechanism of TNF protein regulation in megakaryocytes. Understanding the mechanisms of TNF protein regulation in megakaryocytes may allow for the design of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Our data show that CD40 Ligand, Fas Ligand and TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) expression are induced during megakaryocyte-differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells. Promoter analysis and expression studies reveal multiple mechanisms of TNF family protein regulation. Megakaryocyte-specific regulation of TRAIL and Fas Ligand are primarily dependent on Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factor binding to proximal Sp1 binding elements within the respective promoter regions. Our preliminary data demonstrates differentiation-induced expression of CD40 Ligand on the other hand, is mediated via an Ets-1 site within 50 nucleotides of the transcription start site. In addition, endogenous CD40 Ligand but not TRAIL or Fas Ligand is constitutively expressed with ectopic expression of Fli-1, in the absence of differentiation-stimuli. Fli-1 is an Ets-1 family transcription factor that modulates several megakaryocyte-restricted genes. Further regulation studies reveal megakaryocyte expression of CD40 Ligand is diminished by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist prostaglandin J2 and enhanced by 9-cis retinoic acid. Conversely, TRAIL and Fas Ligand expression are enhanced by prostaglandin J2 and diminished by retinoic acid. Taken from these data is there are differential mechanisms of differentiation-driven and induced regulation of the TNF family proteins. Continuing studies include the determination of the mechanisms of PPAR agonist, retinoic acid and differentiation-modulated TNF protein expression. Our studies demonstrate novel TRAIL and Fas Ligand regulatory pathways in the context of megakaryocyte differentiation and represent the first investigation into megakaryocyte-associated regulatory mechanisms for the platelet-derived CD40 Ligand, Fas Ligand, and TRAIL.
Energy efficient AC computing methodology for wirelessly powered IoT devices

Charge-recycling based AC computing has recently been proposed to significantly increase energy efficiency in wirelessly powered devices. The power consumption is reduced by 1) eliminating the rectification and regulation stages of traditional DC computing and 2) recycling charge through AC computing. An alternative charge-recycling mechanism is proposed in this paper that does not require a phase shifter or peak detector, thereby reducing the overhead power consumption. Simulation results in 45 nm technology demonstrate that an additional 60% reduction in power consumption can be achieved while operating at the same frequency. As compared to the traditional case, power consumption is reduced by more than an order of magnitude.
Hegel in a Strange Costume: Reconsidering Normative Science for Conceptual Structures Research.

Charles Peirce was influenced by German philosophy to conceive logic as one of a carefully related set of theoretical disciplines called the Normative Sciences, strategically located in his Classification of the Sciences between Phenomenology and Metaphysics. Barely enough evidence is available from his archived manuscripts to indicate how he might have developed that part of his philosophy in the three disciplines of esthetics, ethics, and logic-as-semiotic (I will use his preferred spelling, semeotic), which he says support his purpose for pragmatism in a theory of inquiry. I have investigated that evidence to find how his philosophy treats some neglected issues in modern philosophy (nominalism, intuition, automation) which limit the advancement of conceptual structures research, and suggest that his normative science will be required for effective knowledge creation and communication.
Factors Affecting the Fluidity of the Endothelial Cell Plasma Membrane

Pulmonary endothelial cells form a continuous monolayer on the luminal surface of the lung vasculature, and they provide, primarily via their plasma membranes, a thromboresistant, semipermeable barrier that regulates transport of water, solutes, and particulate material between blood and tissues in the lung. The pulmonary endothelium is also a metabolically active tissue, metabolizing a variety of biologically active substances in the circulation either by interiorizing the substance by way of specific plasma membrane transport processes or by way of enzymatic activity at the luminal aspect of the plasma membrane (Ryan and Ryan, 1977). The structural and functional integrity of the pulmonary vascular endothelial cell and its plasma membrane is, therefore, of major importance for normal vascular and organ function.
Structure, function, and genetics of human B cell-associated surface molecules.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structures and the possible functions of specific surface molecules expressed on B cells. B lymphocytes are exceptionally motile and social cells, which are directed and regulated through their cell surface molecules by a number of different kinds of cell-cell interactions and soluble signals. Each distinct interaction that B lymphocytes have with other cells during differentiation presumably is mediated through specific cell surface molecules expressed on B cells or subsets of B cells. Surface molecules primarily associated with B lineage cells most likely function as receptors for signals required uniquely by these cells during their maturation or activation. Thus, a better understanding of this group of lymphocyte molecules should help elucidate the mechanisms that regulate normal or malignant B lineage cells. B cells must also express specific receptors for the various soluble factors that regulate B cell growth differentiation. Furthermore, animal models are required to assess the in vivo functions of B cell surface molecules and to test the effects of drugs or monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to these polypeptides.
Definition and symmetry of averaged stress tensor in granular media and its 3D DEM inspection under static and dynamic conditions

Abstract The paper aims to clarify the stress tensor definition and its symmetry property that applies to granular media, and conducts 3D Discrete Element Method (DEM) inspection of the stress tensor definitions provided in the literature. Various stress tensor formulas under static and dynamic conditions are summarized, compared and numerically inspected through different types of simulation, such as gravitational deposition, isotropic/oedometer compression and high-strain-rate (HSR) oedometer impact. The stress tensor symmetry is particularly discussed from the perspective of applying classical continuum mechanics to granular media. It is proved analytically and numerically that the stress tensor should be calculated by Bagi’s formula, not Weber’s formula or Drescher’s formula, for a particle assembly or representative volume element (RVE) in static equilibrium. We propose to modify the De Saxce and Nicot formulas by incorporating the boundary-radius-gap term such that they are consistent with Bagi’s formula, which is particularly well-suited for studying granular phenomena that transition between static, quasi-static and dynamic conditions. It is shown from the perspective of stress tensor calculation that the number of particles in the RVE does not need to be large. Symmetry of averaged stress tensor can be accurately satisfied in static equilibrium of the granular DEM RVE, however it cannot in quasi-static or dynamic states due to imbalance of angular momentum of the granular DEM RVE (in comparison to the balance of angular momentum which is always satisfied in classical continuum mechanics). When the stress tensor definition is extended to “discontinuous” state with regard to discrete granular DEM RVEs, the calculated values need to be treated with caution.
Has democratic governance and the rule of law been compromised by the continued growth of the administrative state

To place the administrative state into perspective, I first present the theoretical justifications for America’s traditional form of government followed by the theoretical justifications for the ad...
Abstract 2956: Inhibition of CHK1 sensitizes Ewing sarcoma cells to CDK1-dependent cell death in S-phase

Ewing sarcoma is a highly aggressive bone and soft tissue cancer that is caused by the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein. The treatment of Ewing sarcoma has changed very little in the past two decades and novel treatment approaches are needed. We recently identified that Ewing sarcoma cells are uniquely vulnerable to inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. We subsequently found that the inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) increases the sensitivity of Ewing sarcoma cells to inhibitors of RNR, such as gemcitabine. The ATR-CHK1 pathway, from a mechanistic standpoint, regulates multiple stages of the cell cycle, including S-phase, the G2/M transition, and M phase. In the current work, we used cell synchronization to identify that the inhibition of CHK1 in S-phase cells results in premature entry into mitosis and cell death. Similarly, the inhibition of ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR), the upstream activator of CHK1, also causes Ewing sarcoma cells to inappropriately enter mitosis. Moreover, we have found in Ewing sarcoma cells that this aberrant entry into mitosis is mediated, in part, by cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). In addition, activation of CDK1 by inhibiting the WEE1 kinase with AZD1775 also results in entry into mitosis and cell death in Ewing sarcoma cells. Currently, ongoing work is focused on the in vivo testing of gemcitabine in combination with CHK1 and WEE1 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: David Gordon, Kelli Goss, Stacia Koppenhafer. Inhibition of CHK1 sensitizes Ewing sarcoma cells to CDK1-dependent cell death in S-phase [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2956.
Clinically node-positive (cN+) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with chemotherapy and radical cystectomy: Clinical outcomes and development of a postoperative risk stratification model.

Abstract Introduction and objective Although node-positive (cN+) bladder cancer is considered Stage IV disease, a subset of patients is treated with chemotherapy and consolidative radical cystectomy (RC). We examined the clinical outcomes of such patients and developed a risk prediction model to facilitate risk-stratification and management. Methods We identified adult patients with cTany cN1-3 M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with chemotherapy followed by RC from 2006 to 2013 in the NCDB. The associations of clinicopathologic features with overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Cox regression, and a simplified risk score was developed. Results A total of 491 patients received chemotherapy followed by RC. Median number of lymph nodes removed was 16 (interquartile range 9–25). At RC, 10% of patients were ypT0, and 35% were ypN0. Over a median follow-up of 18.7 months, 160 patients died of any cause. 1-, 5-, and 8-year OS were 69%, 34%, and 29%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, pT stage (hazard ratio [HR] 2.18; P = 0.003 for pT3, HR 2.65; P Conclusions Survival for patients with cN+ bladder cancer treated with chemotherapy and RC is highly variable, ranging from 10% to 59% at 5 years. A risk score can facilitate postoperative risk-stratification and selection of patients for adjuvant therapy.
Decolonizing Identities of Teachers of Color Through Study Abroad: Dreaming Beyond Assumptions, Toward Embracing Transnational Ways of Knowing

Teacher education study abroad is often designed to provide unique spaces for personal transformation. Usually, the (unspoken) default audience for these programs is Whites, who comprise about 80% of the teacher workforce in the U.S. This chapter, however, explores how a Mexico-based study abroad program—one that engages indigenous knowledge while partnering with a Freirian language school—helps decolonize the identities of teachers of color. Through the self-reflections of two study abroad participants of color, the article explores the program’s beginning decolonization, undoing the historic subjugation of certain forms of knowledge. We see how the two former participants of color, in their own words, explored their journeys and applied wisdoms of practice in teaching English learners as a result.
Robust effect of metabolic syndrome on major metabolic pathways in the myocardium

Although the high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a precursor of human cardiac pathology, the myocardial metabolic state in MetS is far from clear. The discrepancies in metabolite handling between human and small animal models and the difficulties inherent in obtaining human tissue complicate the identification of the myocardium-specific metabolic response in patients. Here we use the large animal model of swine that develops the hallmark criteria of human MetS. Our comparative metabolomics together with transcriptomics and computational nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) interpretation of the data exposes significant decline in metabolites related to the fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway. Behind the reversal lies decreased expression of enzymes that operate in the pathways. We showed that diminished glycogen deposition is a metabolic signature of MetS in the pig myocardium. The depletion of glycogen arises from disbalance in expression of genes that break down and synthesize glycogen. We show robust acetoacetate accumulation and activated expression of key enzymes in ketone body formation, catabolism and transporters, suggesting a shift in fuel utilization in MetS. A contrasting enrichment in O-GlcNAcylated proteins uncovers hexosamine pathway and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) expression involvement in the myocardial response to MetS. Although the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) activity and the availability of the UDP-GlcNAc substrate in the MetS myocardium is low, the level of O-GlcNacylated proteins is high as the O-GlcNacase is significantly diminished. Our data support the perception of transcriptionally driven myocardial alterations in expression of standard fatty acids, glucose metabolism, glycogen, and ketone body related enzymes and subsequent paucity of their metabolite products in MetS. This aberrant energy metabolism in the MetS myocardium provide insight into the pathogenesis of CVD in MetS.
Teaching Object Play to Young Children With Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Methods and Rigor.

Abstract In this systematic review, we examined the rigor and outcomes across 27 object play intervention studies using single-case research methodology. We focused on studies including children ag...
General, compact and easy-to-compute winding factor formulation

With the use of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the study provides a compact relation to calculate the winding factor of any winding distribution among regularly space-shifted slots. The new expression is general, meaningful and particularly easy-to-compute. The phase winding layout is represented with a distribution vector whose length equals the slot number: each component corresponds to a slot and indicates the proportion of conductor allocated to the considered phase (forward turns positively counted and backward turns negatively counted). From winding factor definition, mathematical developments allow to demonstrate that, in any case, the winding factors simply relate to the DFT of the distribution vector: each component of the DFT vector corresponds to a space harmonic order and equals the so-called complex winding factor. The module of the complex winding factor is the usual winding factor while the angle of the complex winding factor reveals the magnetic axis position for the considered space harmonic.