cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frailty increases the risk of 30-day mortality, morbidity, and failure to rescue after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair independent of age and comorbidities

Background Frailty, defined as a biologic syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors, has been linked to adverse outcomes after surgery. We evaluated the effect of frailty on 30-day mortality, morbidity, and failure to rescue (FTR) in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Methods Patients undergoing elective endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) or open AAA repair (OAR) were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for the years 2005 to 2012. Frailty was assessed using the modified frailty index (mFI) derived from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and secondary outcomes included 30-day morbidity and FTR. The effect of frailty on outcomes was assessed by multivariate regression analysis, adjusted for age, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class, and significant comorbidities. Results Of 23,207 patients, 339 (1.5% overall; 1.0% EVAR and 3.0% OAR) died ≤30 days of repair. One or more complications occurred in 2567 patients (11.2% overall; 7.8% EVAR and 22.1% OAR). Odds ratios (ORs) for mortality adjusted for age, ASA class, and other comorbidities in the group with the highest frailty score were 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.0) after EVAR and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.7) after OAR. Similarly, compared with the least frail, the most frail patients were significantly more likely to experience severe (Clavien-Dindo class IV) complications after EVAR (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.1) and OAR (OR, 1.8; 95%, CI, 1.5-2.1). There was also a higher FTR rate among frail patients, with 1.7-fold higher risk odds of mortality (95% CI, 1.2-2.5) in the highest tertile of frailty compared with the lowest when postoperative complications occurred. Conclusions Higher mFI, independent of other risk factors, is associated with higher mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing elective EVAR and OAR. The mortality in frail patients is further driven by FTR from postoperative complications. Preoperative recognition of frailty may serve as a useful adjunct for risk assessment.
What is appropriate to post on social media? Ratings from students, faculty members and the public

Objectives The purpose of this study was to ascertain what medical students, doctors and the public felt was unprofessional for medical students, as future doctors, to post on a social media site, Facebook®. The significance of this is that unprofessional content reflects poorly on a student, which in turn can significantly affect a patient's confidence in that student's clinical abilities. Methods An online survey was designed to investigate the perceptions of University of Michigan medical students, attending physicians and non-health care university-wide employees (that serves as a subset of the public) regarding mock medical students' Facebook® profile screenshots. For each screenshot, respondents used a 5-point Likert scale to rate ‘appropriateness’ and whether they would be ‘comfortable’ having students posting such content as their future doctors. Results Compared with medical students, faculty members and public groups rated images as significantly less appropriate (p < 0.001) and indicated that they would be less comfortable (p < 0.001) having posting students as future doctors. All three groups rated screenshots containing derogatory or private information about patients, followed by images suggesting marijuana use, as least appropriate. Images conveying intimate heterosexual couples were rated as most appropriate. Overall, the doctor group, females and older individuals were less permissive when compared with employee and student groups, males and younger individuals, respectively. Conclusions The most significant conclusion of our study is that faculty members, medical students and the ‘public’ have different thresholds of what is acceptable on a social networking site. Our findings will prove useful for students to consider the perspectives of patients and faculty members when considering what type of content to post on their social media sites. In this way, we hope that our findings provide insight for discussions, awareness and the development of guidelines related to online professionalism for medical students.
Three-dimensional flow separation over a surface-mounted hemisphere in pulsatile flow

Flow separation over a surface-mounted obstacle is prevalent in numerous applications. Previous studies of 3D separation around protuberances have been limited to steady flow. In biological and geophysical flows, pulsatile conditions are frequently encountered, yet this situation has not been extensively studied. Primarily motivated by our previous studies of the flow patterns observed in various human vocal fold pathologies such as polyps, our research aimed to fill this gap in the knowledge concerning unsteady 3D flow separation. This is achieved by characterizing velocity fields surrounding the obstacle, focused primarily on the vortical flow structures and dynamics that occur around a hemispheroid in pulsatile flow. As part of this study, two-dimensional, instantaneous and phase-averaged particle image velocimetry data in both steady and pulsatile flows are presented and compared. Coherent vortical flow structures have been identified by their swirling strength. This analysis revealed flow structures with dynamics dependent on the pulsatile forcing function. A mechanism to explain the formation and observed dynamics of these flow structures based on the self-induced velocity of vortex rings interacting with the unsteady flow is proposed.
Electroplated Al as the front electrode in crystalline-Si solar cells

This paper reports aluminum (Al) electroplating as the metallization technique for the front finger electrode on n-type silicon (Si) in crystalline-Si solar cells. The development of the Al electroplating process is motivated by the limited reserves of silver (Ag) on this planet and the industry-wide push to reduce Ag usage for cost control. The new metallization process consists of: 1) patterning the silicon nitride (SiNx) layer for front electrode; 2) depositing a nickel (Ni) seed layer into the opening; 3) electroplating self-aligned Al onto the Ni seed layer and 4) annealing the Al/Ni electrode in air at ∼200°C. This temperature is far below the typical firing temperatures for commercial Al pastes. The new metallization process has been integrated into commercial p-type monocrystalline Si solar cells from Hareon Solar. An all-Al Si solar cell, with an electroplated Al front electrode and a screen-printed Al back electrode, has been demonstrated. The cell has a size of 2.54×2.54 cm2, with efficiencies approaching 15% demonstrated.
Adolescent vulnerability, sexual health, and the NP's role in health advocacy

AbstractPurpose:To describe adolescents as a vulnerable population with unique healthcare needs, especially in relation to their sexual risk-taking behaviors; and to explicate the necessity of nurse practitioners (NPs) advocating for youth-friendly services and policies to meet adolescents' sexual a
Utilization of Immobilized-Bacteria to Degrade Aromatic Compounds Common to Wood-Treatment Wastewaters

The utilization of immobilized bacterial cells to remove toxic compounds from contaminated water is reviewed. A microbial biofilm capable of degrading the wood preservative pentachlorophenol (PCP) was developed in an aquatic system exposed to the biocide. The ability of the biofilm to function in a variety of bioreactors was tested. PCP and other aromatic compounds were degraded in the reactors. Large-scale bioreactors developed following these initial studies are currently in operation decontaminating water associated with wood-treatment facilities. Pure cultures of bacteria capable of degrading PCP or p-cresol have been immobilized in calcium alginate. Complete degradation of the target compounds occurred in both batch and continuous bioreactors. Studies indicate that it should be possible to customize bioreactors for decontamination of specific waste streams by immobilizing the proper bacteria.
(5S,6S)-4,5-Dimethyl-3-methyl­acryloyl-6-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-2-one

The title compound, C15H18N2O3, is an example of an oxadiazinan-2-one with significant inter­action between the N3-acyl and N4-methyl groups. These steric inter­actions result in a large torsion angle between the two carbonyl groups, not present with acyl substituents with less steric demand.
Tangible Viewpoints: Physical navigation through interactive stories

Over the centuries, stories have moved from the physical environment (around campfires and on the stage), to the printed page, then to movie, television and computer screens. Today, using wireless and tag sensing technologies, researchers and storytellers are able to bring digital stories back into our physical environment. The Tangible Viewpoints system explores how physical objects and augmented surfaces can be used as tangible embodiments of different character perspectives in an interactive tale. These graspable surrogates provide a direct mode of navigation to the story world, a means of bridging the gap between cyberspace and our physical environment as we engage with digital stories.
Simple Enterostomy Versus Enterostomy Plus Intestinal Evacuation in Ileus

Whereas the importance of the early relief of mechanical ileus has been appreciated by all clinicians, there has been a controversy-concerning whether only a simple relief should be performed or whether in addition to relieving the obstruction the bowel should be emptied of its contents mechanically by “stripping ”the intestine. Even though, as shown by experimental and clinical investigations,1, 2, 3 such a procedure produces marked trauma resulting in cardiovascular changes, the theoretical advantages of complete emptying of the intestine by mechanical “stripping ”consist of decompressing the intestine and relieving the strangulation of the intramural intestinal vessels.In the present investigation the results obtained by simple relief of mechanical ileus were compared with those in which, in addition to the relief of the obstruction, a mechanical evacuation of the intra-intestinal contents was secured. Mechanical ileus wras produced in dogs and after varying periods of time (from 48 hours to 144 hours)...
Observability Properties of a 3D Ground Tethered Energy System using Orientation and Tether Length Observations Only

The combustion of fossil fuels is currently used to meet the majority of global energy needs. Given the anticipated future shortages of fossil fuels, and their contribution to greenhouse gas production and global warming, sustainable methods for energy production will need to be further developed. In this paper, we extend our results presented in the 2011 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference to a full study of the observability properties of a 3D ground tether energy (GTE) system. Will will first review the dynamical and controllability properties of the GTE system from our previous work. We will then present the observability properties for the GTE system given a certain set of realistic system parameters. We restrict ourselves to the case where we only measure tether length and tether and kite orientation variables, with no sensing of any velocity variables. This study helps understand which type of sensors are needed if we are to be able to completely determine the state of the system using any of the available state estimation techniques. The GTE system was found to be observable if at least the tether crosswind orientation angle and either the tether length or the tether downstream orientation angle are measured, though such a sensing scenario might result in a very weakly observable system. I. Introduction The combustion of fossil fuels is currently used to meet the majority of global energy needs. Given the anticipated future shortages of fossil fuels, and their contribution to greenhouse gas production and global warming, sustainable methods for energy production will need to be further developed. It is clear that wind energy will play a significant role in the future. Recent studies 1 have proposed that 20% of US power needs be met by wind power by 2030.
Cooperative Catalysis with Acid–Base Bifunctional Mesoporous Silica: Impact of Grafting and Co-condensation Synthesis Methods on Material Structure and Catalytic Properties

The structural and cooperative catalytic characteristics of acid and base co-functionalized mesoporous silica synthesized through grafting and co-condensation methods are investigated. It is shown that incorporation of the mutually reactive amine and carboxylic acid functional groups is aided by a protecting group in the grafting method. Using a thermally cleavable protecting group on the carboxylic acid organosilane, the differential effect of silanol removal and acid group functionalization on catalytic activity is studied. For samples prepared here by both the co-condensation and grafting procedures, the removal of silanols and the introduction of the carboxylic acid has a negative impact on activity of the catalyst in aldol condensations under the conditions used here. These results demonstrate that a weaker Bronsted acid silanol is more effective in cooperatively catalyzing the aldol condensation in combination with an amine base than the stronger carboxylic acid for all the materials prepared in thi...
Dephosphorylation and activation of exogenous glycogen synthase by adipose-tissue phosphatase

Exogenous purified rabbit skeletal-muscle glycogen synthase was used as a substrate for adipose-tissue phosphoprotein phosphatase from fed and starved rats in order to (1) compare the relationship between phosphate released from, and the kinetic changes imparted to, the substrate and (2) ascertain if decreases in adipose-tissue phosphatase activity account for the apparent decreased activation of endogenous glycogen synthase from starved as compared with fed rats. Muscle glycogen synthase was phosphorylated with [γ-32P]ATP and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase alone, or in combination with a cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase, to 1.7 or 3mol of phosphate per subunit. Adipose-tissue phosphatase activity determined with phosphorylated skeletal-muscle glycogen synthase as substrate was decreased by 35–60% as a consequence of starvation. This decrease in phosphatase activity had little effect on the capacity of adipose-tissue extracts to activate exogenous glycogen synthase (i.e. to increase the glucose 6-phosphate-independent enzyme activity), although there were marked differences in the activation profiles for the two exogenous substrates. Glycogen synthase phosphorylated to 1.7mol of phosphate per subunit was activated rapidly by adipose-tissue extracts from either fed or starved rats, and activation paralleled enzyme dephosphorylation. Glycogen synthase phosphorylated to 3mol of phosphate per subunit was activated more slowly and after a lag period, since release of the first mol of phosphate did not increase the glucose 6-phosphate-independent activity of the enzyme. These patterns of enzyme activation were similar to those observed for the endogenous adipose-tissue glycogen synthase(s): the glucose 6-phosphate-independent activity of the endogenous enzyme from fed rats increased rapidly during incubation, whereas that of starved rats, like that of the more highly phosphorylated muscle enzyme, increased only very slowly after a lag period. The observations made here suggest that (1) changes in glucose 6-phosphate-independent glycogen synthase activity are at best only a qualitative measure of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity and (2) the decrease in glycogen synthase phosphatase activity during starvation is not sufficient to explain the differential glycogen synthase activation in adipose tissue from fed and starved rats. However, alterations in the phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase combined with decreased activity of phosphoprotein phosphatase, both as a consequence of starvation, could explain the apparent markedly decreased enzyme activation.
Localization and Subsurface Position Error Estimation of Gliders Using Broadband Acoustic Signals at Long Range

Broadband acoustic source transmissions recorded on Seagliders at ranges up to 700 km are used to estimate subsurface glider position. Because the sources transmitted at 9-min intervals the glider moved appreciably between source receptions. Source–glider ranges estimated from acoustic arrivals were combined using least squares analysis to estimate glider position and velocity during each reception period. The analysis was applied to 387 sets of source transmissions using three different flight models of glider subsurface motion for initial position input values. The offsets between the position estimated from the flight models and the acoustically derived position resulting from the inversions were 600–900-m root mean square (rms) depending upon the model and input parameters. The offsets were tripled if the positions from the flight models were not corrected for a dive-averaged current (DAC). Estimates of a posteriori errors ranged from 78–105-m rms and from 9.1–11.6-cm/s rms for glider position and velocity, respectively. Data residuals were on the order of 50-m rms, a dramatic reduction from 178-m rms, which was documented for the case neglecting the motion of the glider between subsequent source transmissions (Van Uffelen , J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 134, pp. 3260–3271, 2013). Overall horizontal glider speed was estimated to be approximately 21-cm/s rms.
The Significance of the Emotion Theories in Preventing Possible Disease

The sentimental theories is an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the egregious fluctuant emotion might causes illness.Preserving emotion is important to preserve one's health and to defend and cure disease.Taking care of the human's emotion in every stage could defend the coming into being,deteriorating,infecting and recrudescing of disease so that to prevent possible disease.
Pharmacological Study of the Reciprocal Dual Innervation of the Lateral Ciliated Gill Epithelium by the CNS of Mytilus Edulis (Bivalvia)

SUMMARY The function of the CNS ofMytilus edulis was investigated for its role in the control of lateral ciliary activity. Ciliary beating rates were directly measured by stroboscopic microscopy of gill preparations which had the ipsilateral visceral ganglion (VG) attached. Low frequency electrical stimulation of the cerebrovisceral connective (CVC) or superfusion of the VG with serotonin increased lateral ciliary activity. This response could be antagonized by pretreating the gill with BOL or methysergide (MS), or by pretreating the VG with BOL, MS or ergonovine (ERG). High frequency stimulation of the CVC or superfusion of the VG with dopamine or epinephrine decreased lateral ciliary activity. This response could be antagonized by pretreating the gill with ERG or by pretreating the VG with ERG or MS. Acetylcholine and its mimetic acetylmethylcholine were found to be non-effective in altering ciliary activity in this study. The 9tudy demonstrates a reciprocal serotonergic-dopaminergic innervation of lateral gill ciliated cells originating in the CNS.
Media-dependent subculture of nutritionally variant streptococci.

A case of infective endocarditis due to a strain of Streptococcus that demonstrated unusual nutritional requirements is reported. This strain was recognized as a nutritional variant because it could not be subcultured on certain routine primary plating and subculture media. The media-dependent recovery of this nutritionally variant Streptococcus is stressed, since media used routinely in some laboratories would result in this organism’s being missed. Variability of routine media in supporting the growth of this isolate is also demonstrated.
Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling of CAPE from Analytical Solutions to RCE

AbstractBy deriving analytical solutions to radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE), it is shown mathematically that convective available potential energy (CAPE) exhibits Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) scaling over a wide range of surface temperatures up to 310 K. Above 310 K, CAPE deviates from CC scaling and even decreases with warming at very high surface temperatures. At the surface temperature of the current tropics, the analytical solutions predict that CAPE increases at a rate of about 6%–7% per kelvin of surface warming. The analytical solutions also provide insight on how the tropopause height and stratospheric humidity change with warming. Changes in the tropopause height exhibit CC scaling, with the tropopause rising by about 400 m per kelvin of surface warming at current tropical temperatures and by about 1–2 km K−1 at surface temperatures in the range of 320–340 K. The specific humidity of the stratosphere exhibits super-CC scaling at temperatures moderately warmer than the current tropics. With a su...
Guinea Pigs as Experimental Models

Publisher Summary The guinea pig, like many animals used in biomedical research today, first became popular to enthusiasts and fanciers. This popularity fostered familiarity with its behavior, physiology, and suitable husbandry conditions, and this knowledge about care and husbandry subsequently allowed successful transition into laboratory housing, making it a popular research model. The guinea pig first served as a useful animal model of disease and was used in the study of respiratory physiology. Guinea pigs were further used in studies of infectious disease, and seminal work on the role of certain vitamins in maintaining health. Through time it was learned that, beyond the virtues of its relatively small size and docile nature, the guinea pig possesses anatomical and physiological features that make it uniquely suited to certain studies. For example, guinea pigs are useful in reproductive studies because they and humans share similarities in placental structure, their gestation period of 68 days can be divided effectively into trimesters akin to the human condition, and they can develop pregnancy toxemia. The most commonly used variety is the Hartley albino stock, but the inbred strains 2 and 13, and euthymic hairless stock are also used with some frequency. A principal reason for the overall decline in use is the increased use of mice as a favored animal model. The paucity of inbred guinea pig strains and the limited number of specific reagents for use with the species are two factors that generally limit the use of this species in research in the foreseeable future.
The Years of Living Dangerously

The easing of Turkey’s preoccupation with Iraq after Ozal’s death, one Turkish diplomat argued with some satisfaction, ended the ‘temporary interruption’ of ‘our traditional foreign policy’ based on nonintervention and adherence to the status quo.1 And yet the next three years, corresponding to the tenure of Tansu Ciller as prime minister, witnessed an unprecedented upsurge in activism abroad. In the space of just eleven months — from March 1995 to February 1996 — Turkey launched a series of military operations into Iraq, came close to carrying out an incursion into Iran, concluded a veritable alliance with Israel, got involved in a coup attempt in Azerbaijan, and came to the brink of war with Greece. These episodes are notable for a number of reasons. First, they illustrate vividly the impasse that had been reached by the mid-1990s, as new security imperatives arising primarily (but not exclusively) from exogenous social dynamics at home generated policies that ran counter to the dominant strategic culture paradigm, including an expansion of offensive military capabilities, a more aggressive posture toward some regional states, and a willingness to enter into exclusive alliances with others. Second, they reveal the interplay of the contending Republican and Imperial paradigms in shaping policy behavior, encouraging certain courses of action and constraining others. And third, they highlight the centrality of statecraft in its various dimensions — not just spirit, but judgment and vision as well — in determining the quality of responses to new security challenges.
Direct MOCVD epitaxial growth of III-V alloys on Mo for low cost PV applications

In order to reduce the cost of manufacturing III-V solar cells, an investigation using the direct epitaxial growth process of III-V alloys on metal foils is performed with a particular effort to make III-V devices practical outside of specialty applications. The samples studied here consist of Indium Phosphide and Indium Arsenide thin film deposition. In this research, direct MOCVD epitaxial growth of III-V alloys, specifically, InP and InAs, on molybdenum foils is studied in order to develop a means of creating a virtual substrate based on a specific lattice constant. Lattice constants of 5.94 A and 6.04 A are reported.
The Tei index as an expression of right ventricular impairment and recovery: investment grade or subprime?

The mechanics of a normal ventricular contraction are precise. The cardiac cycle can be divided into the cyclical sequence of systolic ejection, isovolumic relaxation, diastolic filling, isovolumic contraction, and the next systole. This sequence is mediated by a chain of high-energy steps that
Using EEG in Knowledge Tracing

Knowledge tracing (KT) is widely used in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) to measure student learning. Inexpensive portable electroencephalography (EEG) devices are viable as a way to help detect a number of student mental states relevant to learning, e.g. engagement or attention. This paper reports a first attempt to improve KT estimates of the student’s hidden knowledge state by adding EEG-measured mental states as inputs. Values of learn, forget, guess and slip differ significantly for different EEG states.
Evaluation of various glyphosate concentrations on DNA damage in human Raji cells and its impact on cytotoxicity

Abstract Glyphosate is a highly used active compound in agriculturally based pesticides. The literature regarding the toxicity of glyphosate to human cells has been highly inconsistent. We studied the resulting DNA damage and cytotoxicity of various glyphosate concentrations on human cells to evaluate DNA damaging potential. Utilizing human Raji cells, DNA damage was quantified using the comet assay, while cytotoxicity was further analyzed using MTT viability assays. Several glyphosate concentrations were assessed, ranging from 15 mM to 0.1 μM. We found that glyphosate treatment is lethal to Raji cells at concentrations above 10 mM, yet has no cytotoxic effects at concentrations at or below 100 μM. Treatment concentrations of 1 mM and 5 mM induce statistically significant DNA damage to Raji cells following 30–60 min of treatment, however, cells show a slow recovery from initial damage and cell viability is unaffected after 2 h. At these same concentrations, cells treated with additional compound did not recover and maintained high levels of DNA damage. While the cytotoxicity of glyphosate appears to be minimal for physiologically relevant concentrations, the compound has a definitive cytotoxic nature in human cells at high concentrations. Our data also suggests a mammalian metabolic pathway for the degradation of glyphosate may be present.
Vortex-induced vibration and galloping of prisms with triangular cross-sections

Flow-induced oscillations of a flexibly mounted triangular prism allowed to oscillate in the cross-flow direction are studied experimentally, covering the entire range of possible angles of attack. For angles of attack smaller than (where corresponds to the case where one of the vertices is facing the incoming flow), no oscillation is observed in the entire reduced velocity range tested. At larger angles of attack of and , there exists a limited range of reduced velocities where the prism experiences vortex-induced vibration (VIV). In this range, the frequency of oscillations locks into the natural frequency twice: once approaching from the Strouhal frequencies and once from half the Strouhal frequencies. Once the lock-in is lost, there is a range with almost-zero-amplitude oscillations, followed by another range of non-zero-amplitude response. The oscillations in this range are triggered when the Strouhal frequency reaches a value three times the natural frequency of the system. Large-amplitude low-frequency galloping-type oscillations are observed in this range. At angles of attack larger than , once the oscillations start, their amplitude increases continuously with increasing reduced velocity. At these angles of attack, the initial VIV-type response gives way to a galloping-type response at higher reduced velocities. High-frequency vortex shedding is observed in the wake of the prism for the ranges with a galloping-type response, suggesting that the structure’s oscillations are at a lower frequency compared with the shedding frequency and its amplitude is larger than the typical VIV-type amplitudes, when galloping-type response is observed.
Constraint Transformation and Controller Synthesis

The mathematical tools and propositions of the previous chapter provide the backbone for the control synthesis procedures presented here. In section 5.1, two techniques are introduced for generating transformations of linear constraints that will meet the conditions of Theorem 4.12. Methods for characterizing all admissible constraints for plants with uncontrollable and unobservable transitions are developed in section 5.2. These techniques are then employed in sections 5.3 and 5.4 for the synthesis of controllers that enforce the disjunctions of linear inequalities allowing for a high degree of plant freedom. The technique for enforcing nonconvex constraints in section 5.4 requires a modification of the controller net’s transition enabling rule, however this modification does not decrease the computational efficiency of the closed loop system model, and it leaves many of the analytical results and tools intact.
Genomics: Technics and writing the posthuman

Les nouvelles alliances entre la microbiologie, la genetique et la cybernetique, remettent en question le statut epistemique et la fonction du sujet moderne ; une nouvelle episteme bioinformatique et genomique revendique l'emergence de nouveaux paradigmes pour une culture posthumaine. A partir d'une perspective historique et anthropologique, l'A. examine quelques aspects des nouvelles interventions de la genomique dans la formation culturelle contemporaine et tente de mettre en perspective les revendications d'identites cyborgues et genetiques. S'inspirant des travaux de Leroi-Gourhan sur les techniques paleontologiques et de l'approche de Giorgio Agamben sur la politisation du zoe, il propose une critique de la rhetorique posthumaine et interroge la revendication d'un depassement du sujet humain epistemique incorpore. Il decrit les paradigmes genomiques du point de vue de l'actualisation de la technologie - dans ses potentialites ethiques, pratiques et theoriques -, et de la reconfiguration des limites entre l'humain et le non-humain, le monde artificiel et le monde naturel. Selon l'A., la genomique, en tant que biopouvoir, interroge notamment l'autonomie des sciences de la vie et la nature de la souverainete biopolitique.
Surgical Procedures for the Treatment of Malignant Neoplasms of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

■ The anatomic relationship of the sinuses to the orbit, anterior cranial fossa, and face makes complete tumor removal with preservation of form and function challenging.
X-search: an open access interface for cross-cohort exploration of the National Sleep Research Resource

The National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR) is a large-scale, openly shared, data repository of de-identified, highly curated clinical sleep data from multiple NIH-funded epidemiological studies. Although many data repositories allow users to browse their content, few support fine-grained, cross-cohort query and exploration at study-subject level. We introduce a cross-cohort query and exploration system, called X-search, to enable researchers to query patient cohort counts across a growing number of completed, NIH-funded studies in NSRR and explore the feasibility or likelihood of reusing the data for research studies. X-search has been designed as a general framework with two loosely-coupled components: semantically annotated data repository and cross-cohort exploration engine. The semantically annotated data repository is comprised of a canonical data dictionary, data sources with a data dictionary, and mappings between each individual data dictionary and the canonical data dictionary. The cross-cohort exploration engine consists of five modules: query builder, graphical exploration, case-control exploration, query translation, and query execution. The canonical data dictionary serves as the unified metadata to drive the visual exploration interfaces and facilitate query translation through the mappings. X-search is publicly available at https://www.x-search.net/ with nine NSRR datasets consisting of over 26,000 unique subjects. The canonical data dictionary contains over 900 common data elements across the datasets. X-search has received over 1800 cross-cohort queries by users from 16 countries. X-search provides a powerful cross-cohort exploration interface for querying and exploring heterogeneous datasets in the NSRR data repository, so as to enable researchers to evaluate the feasibility of potential research studies and generate potential hypotheses using the NSRR data.
Clinical Guideline Highlights for the Hospitalist: The Use of Intravenous Fluids in the Hospitalized Adult.

GUIDELINE TITLE Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Adults in Hospital RELEASE DATE: December, 2013 PRIOR VERSION: Not Applicable DEVELOPER: Multidisciplinary Guideline Development Group within the United Kingdom's National Clinical Guideline Centre FUNDING SOURCE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence TARGET POPULATION: Hospitalized adult patients.
Defying the Single Narrative of Black Girls' Literacies: A Narrative Inquiry Exploring an African American Read-In.

This narrative inquiry explores an African American read-in entitled Black Girls Read! This read-in was organized by four Black, women scholars who, in celebration of Black History Month, continued the tradition of Black women throughout history who have resisted the dominant narrative perpetuated by mainstream culture. Attended by over 100 Black girls, the read-in provided an opportunity and a space for Black girls to connect with their cultural heritage and to build upon their individual, literate identities. A Black girls’ literacies framework was used to examine the diverse experiences of the attendees and to highlight the need for educational experiences that affirm the identities of Black girls and defy a single narrative of Black girls’ literacies.
Regression of Striatal Dendrites in Parkinson’s Disease

The clinical aspects of Parkinson’s disease (PD) were first characterized by James Parkinson in 1817 in his monograph “An Essay on Shaking Palsy”. He described the features of the illness as a proneness to tremor with a progressive decline in motor function marked by bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability (Birkmayer and Riederer, 1983; Klawans and Tanner, 1984). The onset of the illness usually occurs in the sixth or seventh decade and thus, has been considered a disease of aging. Approximately 2 percent of the population over the age of 60 is afflicted with PD and prevalence is predicted to increase with prolonged longevity (Calne, 1970; Marttila, 1983). Neuropathological hallmarks include a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SN) accompanied by a significant decline in the content of dopamine and activity of the synthetic enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (Hornykiewicz, 1982; Marsden, 1981). Less pronounced changes involve other neurotransmitter systems including a decline in choline acetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in the striatum and norepinephrine and dopamine beta hydroxylase activity in the locus coeruleus (Hornykiewicz, 1982). Earlier studies have also reported cortical atrophy associated with an increase in the number of astrocytes, particularly in the frontal cortex, as well as general “senile changes” such as cortical cell loss, neurofibrillary degeneration and senile plaque formations (Turner, 1968).
Bone up on spinal osseous lesions: a case review series

Spinal osseous neoplasms are frequently encountered and can be challenging when present as solitary lesions. Familiarity with the range of benign and malignant spinal pathology can help the radiologist formulate a comprehensive differential diagnosis. This article focuses on the spectrum of extradural spinal tumors, accounting for the majority of primary spinal tumors, by comparing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and characteristic imaging appearance of these lesions. The discussion includes the commonly encountered benign lesions, such as vertebral venous vascular malformation and enostosis, as well as malignant lesions including metastases and lymphoma. The article also includes other less-encountered primary spinal tumors such as plasmacytoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, eosinophilic granuloma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. Familiarity with the characteristic imaging features can help the radiologist reach an accurate diagnosis and obviate the need for unnecessary invasive procedures such as biopsy and surgery.
Clinical Feasibility of Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with Standard Aphasia Therapy.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe, portable, and inexpensive form of noninvasive brain stimulation that appears to augment the effects of concurrent therapy. However, several methodological issues in existing studies distance tDCS from current clinical practice. In this study, we offered (and administered) tDCS to individuals seeking typical behavioral aphasia therapy on an outpatient basis. Methods: We approached clients (n = 10) planning to receive standard aphasia therapy at a university clinic. Following a brief description of tDCS, we offered to provide stimulation during their therapy. Those interested and without contraindications participated in a double-blind, sham-controlled crossover study of tDCS paired with speech-language therapy provided twice weekly. Participants received active (2 mA) or sham tDCS during two eight-week therapy phases (separated by ten weeks) with the anode over Broca's area and the cathode on the contralateral forehead. Stimulation was provided for the first 20 minutes of each one-hour session. Prior to and following each phase, participants were video recorded telling the Cinderella narrative. Recordings were transcribed and analyzed for correct information units (CIUs). Results: Seven individuals (70%) were interested in and eligible for tDCS. Data from four participants who completed the study indicated a large effect size favoring active over sham tDCS (Cohen's d = 1.32). The participant with the most severe deficits did not benefit from therapy in either condition. Conclusion: There is potential for tDCS to enhance meaningful communication outcomes in standard clinical practice. Further investigation is needed to replicate findings and determine individual characteristics predictive of treatment response.
A Mega-Study of Text-Message Nudges Encouraging Patients to Get Vaccinated at their Pharmacy

We partnered with Walmart to test 22 nudges designed to boost vaccination rates in their pharmacies. Nudges were delivered via text message to over 650,000 Walmart pharmacy patients in the fall of 2020 and encouraged patients to visit Walmart for a flu vaccine. We demonstrate that behaviorally informed messages increase pharmacy vaccination rates by an average of 6.7% over a roughly three-month follow-up period. The most effective messages in our field experiment matched the tone of typical pharmacy communications and reminded patients that a flu shot was waiting for them. These insights suggest that carefully crafted messages informed by the results of this study could nudge the adoption of other vaccines for other infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
Gain switched Fe:ZnSe hot-pressed ceramic laser

We report the first room temperature gain switched Fe:ZnSe hot-pressed ceramic laser pumped by 2.94 μm radiation of mechanically Q-switched Er:YAG laser. The maximum output energy was obtained to be 2.5 mJ at 32 mJ of pump energy. The measured slope efficiency was 8% with respect to the pump energy. In this experiment, 3.2 mm hot-pressed Fe:ZnSe ceramic sample was used which had 6% active transmission at the pump wavelength. By using absorption cross-section, the concentration of Fe2+ ions was calculated to be N=9*10^18 cm-3.
Comparison of effects between kaolinite and hydrogen peroxide on tungsten and molybdenum speciation and implications for their geochemistry in aquatic environments

Abstract Tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) speciation greatly influences their biogeochemical cycling in natural waters. However, the factors that affect their speciation in the environment are poorly constrained. Here, we critically evaluate the impacts of kaolinite and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the speciation of W and Mo in aquatic environments. We present data that constrain rates, environmental controls, and mechanisms for tetrathiotungstate (WS42−) and tetrathiomolybdate (MoS42−) hydrolysis catalyzed by kaolinite and H2O2. The laboratory experiments show that the hydrolysis rate constants for WS42− and MoS42− are first order with respect to kaolinite surface areas and H2O2 concentrations. Hence, high abundances of kaolinite and reactive oxygen species (ROS) like H2O2 in aquatic environments greatly facilitate WS42− and MoS42− hydrolysis. In addition, our results indicate that pH has a substantial impact on the catalytic ability of H2O2, whereas pH has a limited impact on the catalytic ability of kaolinite. In comparison, SO42− has a limited impact on catalytic ability of H2O2, whereas it has a moderate impact on the catalytic ability of kaolinite. Although the rate constants for H2O2–catalyzed WS42− and MoS42− hydrolysis reactions are substantially larger than those for kaolinite–catalyzed WS42− and MoS42− hydrolysis reactions, implying a higher decomposing potential of H2O2 than that of kaolinite, modeling results suggest that the impact of H2O2 on W and Mo speciation is less important compared to that of kaolinite due to the low abundance of H2O2 in natural aquatic environments. Because the equilibrium time for WS42− and MoS42− hydrolysis reactions in the presence of kaolinite is substantially longer than that for W and Mo adsorption onto minerals, these results also suggest that various aqueous W and Mo species, including W and Mo thioanion intermediates, are likely to be scavenged via adsorption onto minerals and possibly organic phases, within aquatic sediments. Our investigation highlights the importance of minerals in regulating the chemical speciation of W and Mo in natural systems, which can improve our ability to predict W and Mo cycling in the environment.
Studies on the cyanamide-ethanol interaction: Dimethylcyanamide as an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase in vivo

Administration of dimethylcyanamide (DMC) to rats caused a marked elevation in ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde (AcH) and depressed the specific activity of the low Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH) by 90% at 12-24 hr, coincident with depletion of hepatic glutathione levels. Comparison of the relative efficacy of DMC and cyanamide in elevating blood AcH measured at 2 hr and 1 hr post-drug treatment, respectively, indicated that DMC was at least one-fifth as active as cyanamide. However, since the comparison was not made at optimal times for DMC (12-24 hr), it is likely that its activity in vivo approaches that of cyanamide itself. DMC was essentially inactive in vitro as an inhibitor of the low Km AIDH isozyme in intact rat liver mitochondria. Although methylcyanamide, the product of N-demethylation of DMC, was too unstable to be prepared for this evaluation, the higher monoalkyl cyanamide, n-propylcyanamide, was synthesized chemically and was shown to be a good inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme in vitro. These results suggest that DMC must be N-demethylated before being converted to a reactive species that inhibits AIDH activity.
The Articulated Peasant: Household Economies in the Andes.

The Articulated Peasant: Household Economies in the Andes. Enrique Mayer. Boulder: Wesrview Press, 2002. 390 pp.
183 On the origin and completeness of ligand binding pockets with applications to drug discovery

The intrinsic ability of protein structures to exhibit the geometric and sequence properties required for ligand binding without evolutionary selection is shown by the coincidence of the properties...
Hormonal regulation of the developmental pattern of epoxide hydrolases. Studies in rat liver.

Hormonal influences on the developmental pattern of epoxide hydrolases (EH) were investigated in livers from male and female Fischer F-344 rats. During ontogeny, activities of rat liver microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolases (cEH and mEH) increased gradually until puberty when activities in males rose rapidly to become 1.5-fold to 2.0-fold higher than those in females. These sex differences were not observed in the adult rat if males were castrated 24 hr after birth. In castrated males, as well as in females, testosterone propionate (TP, 0.5 mg s.c. in 50 microliters peanut oil) injected on days 1, 3 and 5 postpartum increased mEH and cEH activities at adulthood compared to peanut oil-treated controls. In another study to determine effects on adults of neonatal exposure to a prototype-inducing agent, phenobarbital (PB, 30 mg/kg s.c., qd, in 0.9% saline) was injected in male and female neonates on days 1 through 5 postpartum. Although no long-term effect on mEH activities appeared on days 28, 45 and 60, hepatic mEH activities increased in all treatment groups on days 90 and 120. Collectively, these studies indicate that neonatal exposure to testosterone and PB alters the developmental pattern of EH activities, including final adult levels. Thus, full adult expression of these activities depends on hormonal influences exerted neonatally.
A generalization of Lomonosov's inequality and its applications to invariant subspaces

In this article we generalize Victor Lomonosov's famous inequality so as to be applicable to a wider class of functions. Then using it we prove that the adjoint of an algebra with a compactness property which is weaker than the PS property, employed by Victor Lomonosov, has nontrivial invariant subspaces.
Correlation of the critical properties of alkanes and alkanols

Abstract Recent measurements of the critical properties of n-alkanes (up to C 18 ) and isomeric alkanols (up to C 12 ) have been compiled and tested for consistency. In general, these measurements exhibit the expected trends in homologous series behavior. For example, the properties of the alkanols converge to those of the corresponding n-alkanes as the chain length increases. Existing estimation methods were compared for their ability to predict data for the higher members of the homologous series and were generally found to be unsatisfactory. Two new correlations based on the hole theory of long chain molecules were therefore developed in this work. Both correlations were able to fit the data within experimental error.