cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who Knows What in NPD Teams: Communication Context, Mode, and Task Contingencies

The use of cross-functional teams in new product development (NPD) benefits firms in many ways. One benefit is the diverse knowledge team members bring to the project, but that benefit can only be appreciated if team members fully utilize and integrate the differentiated expertise of members. As reliance on cross-functional NPD teams grows, however, firms struggle to exploit the full potential of functionally diverse groups, the biggest obstacle being integrating team members' varied knowledge, expertise, and abilities. Therefore, understanding how information is integrated and used is a primary concern for both practitioners and researchers. Databases and other forms of hard data are methods team members can use to effectively share and integrate knowledge; another method based on social cognition is transactive memory systems (TMS). TMS indicates who will learn what and from whom. The notion is that knowledge is distributed among people in the group, and to make effective use of it, individuals need to know who knows what and who knows who knows what. Grounded in the knowledge-based theory of the firm, this study investigates the influence of different communication contexts and modes on TMS under different NPD task environments (i.e., exploitation and exploration) in cross-functional NPD teams. A theoretical model is developed and empirically tested using data collected from 272 ongoing NPD teams of 128 Chinese high-tech companies. Findings suggest that when teams face tasks defined by exploration, informal communication and face-to-face communication are positively associated with TMS, whereas for tasks defined by exploitation, formal communication and computer-mediated communication are positively related with TMS. Additionally, this study found that TMS is positively related to NPD performance both in terms of project performance and in terms of market performance. Based on these findings, theoretical and managerial implications are drawn regarding resource deployment that encourages the development of effective TMS leading to successful NPD projects.
Estrogen Receptor Binding and Growth of the Reproductive Tract

It is well known that normal growth and development of the reproductive tract depends on the proper stimulation by estrogen and other sex hormones. Likewise, it has been recognized for years that estrogenic stimulation provides an environment that is conducive to the development of neoplasia. 1 The interrelationships between normal and abnormal estrogenic stimulation are not well understood. However, because of recent developments in biochemical and molecular biology, the mechanism of action of estrogen is beginning to be understood. In this article, we present some of these findings and relate them to normal and abnormal estrogeninduced growth. At physiological temperatures, estrogen readily enters all cells (Fig. 1). In hormone-sensitive cells, estrogen is retained by binding to soluble macromolecules in the cytoplasm. These macromolecules are called cytosol receptors (R c ); while their exact nature in vivo is not known, they appear to be large proteins made up of two or more subunits. The binding reaction is specific for estrogens and results in the formation of receptor estrogen complexes (R c E) that undergo translocation to nuclear sites (R n E). The translocation process depletes the cytosol of R c sites and these are subsequently replenished by mechanisms discussed below. Nuclear binding of the R n E complexes can be classified as either acceptor (A) or nonacceptor (NA) sites. Acceptor sites are generally visualized as a specific complex of chromosomal proteins, probably nonhistone proteins, that the R n E complex recognizes and binds to with a very high affinity. Nonacceptor sites are considered to be secondary sites on chromatin where the R n E complex can bind with a lower affinity.
Clinically Significant Disturbance: On Theorists Who Theorize Theory of Mind

This essay is an autie-ethnographic narrative that traces the problems with and limits of theory of mind (ToM) as it is currently constructed in psychology and cognitive studies. In particular, I examine the role of the body in ToM—or rather, the ways in which autistic people are dis embodied in theories about ToM. I argue that theories about ToM deny autistic people agency by calling into question their very humanity and, in doing so, wreak violence on autistic bodies. I suggest, furthermore, that feminist rhetorical studies represent one potential location for dismantling the complex web of oppression that ToM has come to signify. Keywords: theory of mind; autism; rhetoric; violence; embodiment
A Photometric Analyses of Eclipsing Systems in NGC188

NGC188 is one of the oldest open/galactic clusters known. This cluster is unique with respect to the large number of binary stars found. The latest survey (Kaluzny and Shara) reported 9 eclipsing variables (all short-period systems except one). We attempted to derive photometric solutions for the 8 short-period systems with the Wilson and Devinney method. Unfortunately, the phase coverage of the light curves is poor. We were able to obtain preliminary solutions to only 5 of the systems. Four of them were found to be semidetached systems and the the other is a contact system. The mass ratios, Mh/Mc, are less than unity for all 5 systems. There is some agreement between the photometric mass ratios and the spectroscopic mass ratios estimated by Baliunas and Guinan. It is concluded that both new and good quality photometric and spectroscopic measurements are urgently needed to reinvestigate these systems.
Active substrates for optoelectronic interconnect

We present the design of an intelligent optoelectronic chip carrier (IOCC). This is an active package that is the basis for short haul, PCB by Chiarulli and Levitan (2003) and MCM by Bakos et al. (2003) and Selavo et al. (2003) level, optical interconnect. Our goal is a new solution to one of the most difficult problems associated with the packaging of chip-level optical interconnections; the dense and spatially interleaved integration of optical signaling with electric signals, power and ground. Our approach is based on an "active substrate" using Peregrine UTSi silicon on sapphire technology and the adaptation of laser drilling techniques to create vias through the sapphire. The result is an optoelectronic package that supports full CMOS performance, is mechanically and electrically compatible with current ball grid array (BGA) technology for electronic interconnect, and provides windows for active side optical I/O and substrate-side thermal extraction paths.
The ocean in near equilibrium with atmospheric methyl bromide

[1] Saturation-anomaly measurements of methyl bromide (CH3Br) were made in the eastern Pacific (3/30–4/27, 2010) and the eastern Atlantic (10/25–11/26, 2010) to assess the oceanic saturation state as the phaseout of fumigation - non-Quarantine and Pre-Shipment (non-QPS) uses of CH3Br nears completion and atmospheric concentrations continue to decline. These cruises occurred 16 years after the Bromine Latitudinal Air-Sea Transect (BLAST) cruises, which were conducted in the same regions and first established a global oceanic net sink of −12.6 Gg yr−1 for atmospheric CH3Br in 1994. Results from this study suggest saturation anomalies of CH3Br in the surface ocean have become less negative than those observed 16 years ago as the atmospheric burden has declined over the past decade. The global net sea-to-air flux was estimated at 0 to 3 Gg yr−1 in 2010, suggesting that the ocean may become a net small source to atmospheric CH3Br. There are no significant differences between this study and previous studies for measured biological loss rate constants and calculated annual production rates, suggesting that annual production rates and biological degradation rate constants for CH3Br in the surface ocean have likely remained relatively constant over the past 16 years. When including the biological loss rate constants from this study and all previous studies, the mean global biological loss rate constant is constrained to 0.05 ± 0.01 d−1 (at a 95% confidence level). Combining chemical and eddy degradation rate constants, and using an updated gas transfer velocity, we estimate the CH3Br partial atmospheric lifetime with respect to oceanic loss to be 3.1 (2.3 to 5.0) years. Although the new partial atmospheric lifetime is about 1.3 years longer than the best prior estimate, it does not change the overall atmospheric lifetime of CH3Br, 0.8 (0.7–0.9) years.
Career perspective: Jerome A. Dempsey

I received most of my education in Canada, finishing at the University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison medical school, where I have remained throughout my academic career. The research in our laboratory centered on the broad field of respiratory and cardiorespiratory physiology and pathophysiology as applied to exercise, sleep, hypoxia, and several chronic disease states. We used a team approach to our research with much emphasis given to the training of basic and clinical scientists in respiratory physiology and medicine. Our trainees provide the most important and lasting legacy to our laboratory's efforts.
Characterization of an Endophytic Gloeosporium sp. and Its Novel Bioactivity with "Synergistans".

Gloeosporium sp. (OR-10) was isolated as an endophyte of Tsuga heterophylla (Western hemlock). Both ITS and 18S sequence analyses indicated that the organism best fits either Hypocrea spp. or Trichoderma spp., but neither of these organisms possess conidiophores associated with acervuli, in which case the endophytic isolate OR-10 does. Therefore, the preferred taxonomic assignment was primarily based on the morphological features of the organism as one belonging to the genus Gloeosporium sp. These taxonomic observations clearly point out that limited ITS and 18S sequence information can be misleading when solely used in making taxonomic assignments. The volatile phase of this endophyte was active against a number of plant pathogenic fungi including Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia solani, Ceratocystis ulmi, Botrytis cinerea, and Verticillium dahliae. Among several terpenes and furans, the most abundantly produced compound in the volatile phase was 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, a compound possessing antimicrobial activities. When used in conjunction with microliter amounts of any in a series of esters or isobutyric acid, an enhanced inhibitory response occurred with each test fungus that was greater than that exhibited by Gloeosporium sp. or the compounds tested individually. Compounds behaving in this manner are hereby designated “synergistans.” An expression of the “median synergistic effect,” under prescribed conditions, has been termed the mSE50. This value describes the amount of a potential synergistan that is required to yield an additional median 50 % inhibition of a target organism. In this report, the mSE50s are reported for a series of esters and isobutyric acid. The results indicated that isoamyl acetate, allyl acetate, and isobutyric acid generally possessed the lowest mSE50 values. The value and potential importance of these microbial synergistic effects to the microbial environment are also discussed.
Evaluating Foreign Language Proficiency of Prospective French and German Teachers Using Standardized and Native-Rater Instruments*

This summary of two dissertations done at the University of Minnesota in 1973 involves a comparison of two procedures for measuring speaking and writing proficiency in French and German. Both studies used the MLA Cooperative Foreign Language Proficiency Tests (Form HA) and rating scales for speaking and writing devised for use by native speakers to rate the performance of prospective French and German teachers. The data were compared on the basis of correlation coefficients generated. There were twenty subjects in the French study, twelve in the German. Major findings indicated a strong relationship between native-rater speaking scores (based on three videotaped microteaching sessions in the target language) and scores on the MLA speaking test and its three parts. However, in terms of writing skills (three compositions rated by native speakers vs. the MLA writing test and its two parts), the relationship was stronger in French than in German. One interesting correlation indicated a stronger relationship between native ratings on three written compositions and the MLA writing test. The studies suggest that no one instrument is totally effective in measuring proficiency in language use, that the studies be extended into actual French and German classrooms to determine the kinds of language used by teachers in real teaching situations, that the scorers of such tests (preferably native speakers) be carefully trained and rigorously controlled, and that work should continue on developing other tests of productive proficiency.
Lipoid Pneumonia Associated with Paraesophageal Hernia: Angiocardiographic Study of a Case

An asymptomatic adult with bilateral lower lung field infiltrations went 13 years before the history of nightly ingestion of mineral oil was elicited. An unsuspected paraesophageal hernia was also found and may have contributed to mineral oil aspiration and lipoid pneumonia. Bronchography showed obstruction of the bronchi leading to the involved segments. Angiocardiography revealed avascularity of the lung in the regions of the lipoid areas, probably because the pulmonary circulation was destroyed by fibrotic changes early in the disease. A year after cessation of mineral oil ingestion the patient was asymptomatic; no change in the chest roentgenogram could be detected. Surgical repair of the paraesophageal hernia did not seem warranted because of the asymptomatic state.
Alteration of Thyroid Hormone Secretion Rate in Fowls Changed from a Cold to a Warm Environment

Abstract THE seasonal variation in thyroxine secretion rate (TSR) of two strains of New Hampshire fowls differing in mean TSR has been reported (Stahl and Turner, 1961). The group of fowls with a high mean TSR secreted the equivalent of 2.97 μg. l -thyroxine ( l -T4)/100g. body weight (b.w.) during the winter months and declined to 1.24 μg. l -T4/100g. b.w. during the summer months, a decline of 58.3%. The low TSR strain showed a mean TSR of 1.01 μg. l -T4/100g. b.w. in the winter and 0.59 μg. l -T4 in the summer, a decrease of 41.6%. These changes are gradual with increasing and decreasing environmental temperature. The mechanism by which the animal body adjusts to temperature variation involves the increased secretion of the thyrotropic hormone (TSH) and of l -T4 during periods of a cold environment and decreases during periods in a hot environment. When these fowls were shifted suddenly from a warm environment to …
Summer Reading and the Potential Contribution of the Public Library in Improving Reading for Children of Poverty

ABSTRACT Research indicates that there is surprisingly little difference in reading gains between children from high-and low-income families during the school year. Rather, the difference is what happens in the summer. Children from high-income families make better progress in reading over the summer, and over time the summer advantage can account for social-class differences in reading achievement. There is a simple explanation for this difference: Children from high-income families read more over the summer, and they read more because they have more access to books, not only at home but outside the home as well. Studies show that public libraries offer inferior collections and services to children of poverty. An obvious way to increase access to books over the summer is to improve public library services.
Determinates of EIS acceptance

The large number of organizations developing executive information systems (EISs) highlights the importance of understanding why executives use these systems. This survey investigated how ease of use, the number of features, and support staff characteristics are related to EIS acceptance. Acceptance was measured by the percentage of the targeted users who incorporate the EIS into their daily routine. High usage was not associated with ease of use, a large number of features, or the staff being physically close to the users. However, rapid development time was positively correlated with acceptance. Higher numbers of available features were associated with larger support staffs and larger user groups. The number of users was positively correlated with both staff size and EIS age. Existing EISs place a stronger emphasis on reporting internal rather than external data.
Olopatadine inhibits anti-immunoglobulin E-stimulated conjunctival mast cell upregulation of ICAM-1 expression on conjunctival epithelial cells

Background Olopatadine is a clinically effective dual-action (antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer) ophthalmic antiallergic agent. We have previously demonstrated that olopatadine inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release from purified human conjunctival mast cells and that supernates from stimulated mast cells upregulate intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression on epithelial cells via TNF-α. Objective To investigate the effect of olopatadine on the TNF-α–mediated mast cell upregulation of ICAM-1 expression on conjunctival epithelial cells. Methods Human conjunctival mast cells and epithelial cells were purified (>95%) from cadaveric tissue. Conjunctival mast cells were preincubated with three doses (30, 300, or 3,000 μM) of olopatadine or buffer alone for 30 minutes followed by 90-minute challenge with anti-immunoglobulin E (10 μg/mL). The resulting supernates were incubated with conjunctival epithelial cell monolayers for 24 hours along with the following treatments: rTNF-α, mast cell supernate + anti-TNF-α, recombinant (r)TNF-α + anti-TNF-α, the three doses of olopatadine, olopatadine supernates, olopatadine supernates + rTNF-α. ICAM-1 expression was measured using flow cytometry. Results Anti-IgE–stimulated human conjunctival mast cell supernates upregulated human conjunctival epithelial cell ICAM-1 expression to the same extent as rTNF-α. ICAM-1 upregulation could be completely blocked with anti-TNF-α. Preincubation of conjunctival mast cells with olopatadine significantly blocked the ability of supernates to upregulate ICAM-1 on conjunctival epithelial cells. ICAM-1 expression could be restored by adding rTNF-α to the olopatadine-preincubated mast cell supernates. Conclusions Olopatadine is able to significantly decrease the anti-immunoglobulin E mast cell supernate-mediated upregulation of ICAM-1 on human conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro. This seems to be mediated through an effect on a TNF-α–specific mechanism.
Computed Performance Characteristics of Electrofluid Dynamic Colloid Generators

The effects of the electric breakdown limitation on the power output of an electrofluid dynamic generator operating with colloids are studied. The study is performed for both an axisymmetric cylinder of charge and a two-dimensional (Cartesian) slab of charge between infinite, plane, parallel electrodes. The ratio of radius to length or width to length varies from zero to infinity, thus both the so-called slender channels (reference [9]) and broad channels (reference [2]) as well as the intermediate geometries are studied. Normalized power (the value of which is basically limited by electric breakdown) is presented as a function of normalized gas velocity and normalized applied voltage. Also presented is a normalized power per unit mass flow rate as a function of the normalized velocity and voltage. A single chart is sufficient to cover all geometries because the normalized power includes a geometric factor which can be determined from an auxiliary curve to account for the particular geometry.
Activation of the NADH-methemoglobin reductase reaction by inositol hexaphosphate.

Abstract Inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) 1 increases the rate of the NADH-methemoglobin reductase reaction at neutral pH. This effect is apparently associated with the change in conformation of methemoglobin induced by its interaction with IHP. It is consistent with the suggestion that IHP stabilizes the quarternary T type of structure in methemoglobin.
Association of protein-DNA recognition complexes: electrostatic and nonelectrostatic effects.

Abstract In this study the electrostatic and nonelectrostatic contributions to the binding free energy of a number of different protein–DNA recognition complexes are investigated. To determine the electrostatic effects in the protein–DNA association the Poisson–Boltzmann approach was applied. Overall the salt-dependent electrostatic free energy opposed binding in all protein–DNA complexes except one, and the salt-independent electrostatic contribution favored binding in more than half of the complexes. Further the salt-dependent electrostatic free energy increased with higher ionic concentrations and therefore complex association is stronger opposed at higher ionic concentrations. The hydrophobic effect in the protein–DNA complexes was determined from the buried accessible surface area and the surface tension. A majority of the complexes showed more polar than nonpolar buried accessible surface area. Interestingly the buried DNA-accessible surface area was preferentially hydrophilic, only in one complex a slightly more hydrophobic buried accessible surface area was observed. A quite sophisticated balance between several different free energy components seems to be responsible for determining the free energy of binding in protein–DNA systems.
Sex education and sexuality before Stonewall: A historical look at subject headings used in the Education Index, 1929–1969

Homosexuality and bisexuality have existed since the beginning of life itself, yet such expressions have been repressed by many societies, from Plato's Greece to Shakespeare's England to America in the 1990s. Likewise, contraceptive devices have been in existence for over 3,200 years, but their availability has long been suppressed by religious groups and societies.
Stanford University Libraries Study: Topographical Map Vectorization and the Impact of Bayer Moiré Defect

The discovery of defects in Stanford University Library's topographical map raster image files prompted a study of the impact of Bayer moire on vectorization. An analysis of findings has supported developing a better understanding of color filter array technology and some of its associated quality issues: rationales for on-demand file remediation of affected image files, options for map imaging in the future, an effective and open-source approach for vectorization, performance improvements for producing and vectorizing raster images. Additional quality control measures for imaging large maps, and a refinement of the topo raster image specification are also shared.
The phenomenon of claimed memories of previous lives: possible interpretations and importance

Summary Several disorders or abnormalities observed in medicine and psychology are not explicable (or not fully explicable) by genetics and environmental influences, either alone or together. These include phobias and philias observed in early infancy, unusual play in childhood, homosexuality, gender identity disorder, a child’s idea of having parents other than its own, differences in temperament manifested soon after birth, unusual birthmarks and their correspondence with wounds on a deceased person, unusual birth defects, and differences (physical and behavioral) between monozygotic twins. The hypothesis of previous lives can contribute to the further understanding of these phenomena. © 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd
Fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging on large phantoms: depth studies

Time-dependent measurements in the frequency-domain were performed on large breast phantoms using an intensified CCD camera for rapid data acquisition, and fluorescence contrast agents (ICG) for enhanced optical contrast. Image reconstructions performed using approximate extended Kalman filter algorithm detected deep targets (> 1cm deep) under varying conditions.
Percutaneous transthoracic left ventricular cineangiography in patients with prosthetic aortic valves.

The authors describe a technique for studying postoperative left ventricular function and mitral insufficiency in patients with prosthetic aortic valves. Standard transthoracic left ventricular puncture techniques are modified to lessen the risk of injecting contrast material into the myocardium during cineangiography.
Amino acid transport in the gill epithelium of a marine bivalve.

Abstract 1. 1. Amino acid transport across the intestine of bivalve molluscs is reviewed. 2. 2. Transport of alanine or taurine is dependent on the sodium gradient across the intestine. 3. 3. The time course of the uptake of alanine into the brush border membrane vesicles is also sodium dependent.
Effectiveness of psychotherapy with children and adolescents.

This article reviews the outcome evidence of psychotherapy for children and adolescents. The questions that guide treatment research, conclusions about alternative treatments, and the impact on different types of problems are reviewed. Alternative treatments for children and adolescents have produced change across a diverse range of emotional and behavioral problems. Progress and advances in treatment research are illustrated by highlighting alternative treatments and factors that contribute to outcome in the treatment of conduct problem children. Although important advances can be readily identified in outcome research, the pace of progress has been thwarted by challenges of the subject matter (e.g., developmental issues, comorbidity, and the diverse parent, family, and other contextual factors in which child dysfunction is embedded) and deficiencies in current research (e.g., ambiguity in the characteristics of the samples, weak statistical power, departure of treatment conditions in research from those that characterize clinical work). Notwithstanding the recency of empirical attention to the topic, progress is evident in developing effective treatments for a wide range of problems.
CONGREGATE COGNITIVE MAPS: A UNIFIED DYNAMIC THEORY OF ORGANIZATION AND STRATEGY

Recently and independently, two dynamic approaches to organization and strategy have emerged in fields traditionally confined to static methods. One approach uses the cybernetic properties of collective cognitive maps to create a dynamic theory of organization and social system change. The other approach uses the hierarchic properties of collective cognitive maps to create a dynamic theory of strategy. This article discusses how a dynamic cognitive approach makes organization theory and strategy theory inseparable. The approach distinguishes between aggregate and congregate collective cognitive maps. The approach creates a unified dynamic theory of organization and strategy. In this unified theory, the hierarchic and cybernetic aspects of collective cognitive maps combine with the cryptic aspect of concepts and connections present in maps to further explicate the association between organization and strategy. In practice, the cryptic character of many concepts - especially those responsible for the congregation of individual cognitive maps - is exploited to generate both a potent interview technique and a powerful method for facilitating the initiation and development of strategy workshops.
Enzyme Degradation of Lychnis alba Pollen Tube Walls

In enzyme treatment studies of Lychnis alba pollen tubes, cellulase activity degraded 100-200A fibers associated with wall material and intracytoplasmic fibrillar masses. The wall behind the pollen tube tip is twolayered with the inner layer being composed primarily of an amorphous pectinaceous substance. Terminal wall material was demonstrated to be removed by low pH (5.0-5.5) regardless of the enzyme treatment, indicating a lack of structural polymerization of the wall components. No callose has been demonstrated in the walls of L. alba pollen tubes.
Decreased mesopontine choline acetyltransferase levels in schizophrenia. Correlations with cognitive functions.

The objective was to replicate a reported decrease of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the mesopontine tegmentum of deceased schizophrenics and to see if such a decrease is related to their cognitive status as measured during life. Rigorous antemortem psychiatric evaluations were performed on our large population of schizophrenic patients. Mesopontine tissue was collected promptly following death from eight of these patients, from an additional five schizophrenics without systematic premortem psychiatric evaluation, and from control subjects. ChAT content of this brain tissue was determined using Western immunoblot analysis. There were 13 schizophrenic patients and 8 control subjects. The mean age of subjects in the two groups was similar (64±9 yr vs 63±10 yr). Even in the face of reduced post mortem intervals in the patients with schizophrenia, mesopontine tegmental ChAT concentrations were depressed by 70% in schizophrenic patients (1.28±1.74 vs 4.39±3.20 ng ChAT/μg tissue protein,P<0.01), and correlated with orientation and reasoning (rs=0.90 and 0.98, respectively) in those subjects assessed antemortem. Mesopontine ChAT concentrations are depressed in schizophrenia and correlate significantly with measures of cognitive performance in patients with this disorder.
Testing the Information-Energy Model.

The information-energy model is a theory which purports to explain changes in bureaucratic development for developing nations in terms of changes in ecological variables. This research note attempts to test the validity of the model and to assess its explanatory power through aggregate data analysis and cross-national causal modeling techniques. The results indicate that though ecological variables account for some variation in bureaucratic development, the overall explanatory power of the model is not what was initially hypothesized. Of all the paths in the causal model leading to bureaucratic development, the direct linkage between information and bureaucratic development is the strongest.
Optimizing support vector machine learning for semi-arid vegetation mapping by using clustering analysis

In remote sensing communities, support vector machine (SVM) learning has recently received increasing attention. SVM learning usually requires large memory and enormous amounts of computation time on large training sets. According to SVM algorithms, the SVM classification decision function is fully determined by support vectors, which compose a subset of the training sets. In this regard, a solution to optimize SVM learning is to efficiently reduce training sets. In this paper, a data reduction method based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering is proposed to obtain smaller training sets for SVM learning. Using a multiple angle remote sensing dataset of a semi-arid region, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by classification experiments with a series of reduced training sets. The experiments show that there is no loss of SVM accuracy when the original training set is reduced to 34% using the proposed approach. Maximum likelihood classification (MLC) also is applied on the reduced training sets. The results show that MLC can also maintain the classification accuracy. This implies that the most informative data instances can be retained by this approach.
Epothilone B enhances Class I HLA and HLA-A2 surface molecule expression in ovarian cancer cells.

Abstract Objective Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancers in the United States. Epothilone B (EpoB), Taxol and vinblastine are anti-neoplastic agents that interfere with microtubules and arrest the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. EpoB is being evaluated in phase III clinical trials, and its analogs are currently being used in the treatment of taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer. Little is known about the effect of these drugs on the immune response to tumors. Cancer cells evade immune recognition by down-regulating HLA Class I expression, allowing escape from immune surveillance and destruction. Our data illustrates the effect of microtubule-interacting agents on HLA Class I and HLA-A2 expression as well as the modulation of cytokine expression in ovarian cancer cells. Methods Ovarian cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of drugs. Cell surface expression and mRNA transcription of HLA Class I molecules and HLA-A2 was examined. IFNα, IL1β, IL12 and IL6 mRNA expression was also evaluated upon EpoB treatment. Results Low-dose EpoB, Taxol and vinblastine greatly increased expression of HLA Class I and HLA-A2 molecules in Hey ovarian cancer cells. EpoB does not modulate HLA expression in drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. The expression of IFNα, IL1β, IL12 and IL6 is also markedly increased upon EpoB treatment. Conclusions Nanomolar concentrations of microtubule-interacting agents enhance immune-visibility of ovarian cancer cells by increasing HLA Class I and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Immune recognition of tumor cells may be improved.
Characterization of the functional coupling of bovine brain vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase. Effect of divalent cations, phospholipids, and subunit H (SFD)

Abstract Vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPases (V-ATPases or V-pumps) are complex proteins containing multiple subunits and are organized into two functional domains: a peripheral catalytic sector V1 and a membranous proton channel V0. The functional coupling of ATP hydrolysis activity to proton transport in V-pumps requires a regulatory component known as subunit H (SFD) as has been shown both in vivo and in vitro (Ho, M. N., Hirata, R., Umemoto, N., Ohya, Y., Takatsuki, A., Stevens, T. H., and Anraku, Y. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 18286–18292; Xie, X. S., Crider, B. P., Ma, Y. M., and Stone, D. K. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 25809–25815). Ca2+ is thought to uncouple V-pumps because it is found to support ATP hydrolysis but not proton transport, while Mg2+ supports both activities. The direct effect of phospholipids on the coupling of V-ATPases has not been reported, likely due to the fact that phospholipids are constituents of biological membranes. We now report that Ca2+-induced uncoupling of the bovine brain V-ATPase can be reversed by imposition of a favorable membrane potential. Furthermore we report a simple “membrane-free” assay system using the V0 proton channel-specific inhibitor bafilomycin as a probe to detect the coupling of V-ATPase under certain conditions. With this system, we have characterized the functional effect of subunit H, divalent cations, and phospholipids on bovine brain V-ATPase and have found that each of these three factors plays a critical role in the functional coupling of the V-pump.
2-azaisobenzofurans as intermediates in a convenient annelation of aromatic tertiary amides

Abstract The conversion of N , N -diisopropylbenzamide and dienophiles to N , N -diisopropylamino-2-car☐y-4-hydroxyl-3,4-dihydronapthalenes via ortho lithiation, formylation, diazotization, ring closure, cycloaddition, and ring opening is reported and postulated to involve the intermediacy of a novel 2-azaisobenofuran.
Paper ID: HP006

The development of high-k composites based on CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramic powder is reported. The CCTO ceramic powders were prepared by traditional sintering method and were milled with a relative uniform size. Based on solution casting method, the composite using P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer as matrix and CCTO powders as filler were prepared and its dielectric response were characterized. The dielectric properties of the 0?3 composite with micro-size and nano-size CCTO particle, as well as different polymer matrixes were determined. The 0?3 composites exhibit a very high dielectric constant, more than 1700 at 1 kHz at room temperature after surface modification.
Predictors of Deteriorations in Diabetes Management and Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract Purpose Deteriorating type 1 diabetes management and control are common among adolescents; however, clinical evidence suggests that individual trajectories can vary. The aim of this study was to examine patterns and predictors of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency and glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c). Methods Prospective data analysis spanning 18–24 months was conducted with 150 adolescent–parent pairs. Latent group-based trajectory modeling identified subgroups and determined medical, demographic, psychological, and family predictors of subgroup membership. Results Three subgroups emerged, representing diabetes management and control that are "meeting treatment targets" (40%; A1c at baseline=7.4%, BGM frequency at baseline=4.8 checks/day) and two levels "not meeting targets":"normatively similar" youth (40%; A1c=9.2%, BGM frequency=2.8 checks/day), and "high-risk" youth (20%; A1c=11.2%, BGM frequency=2.9 checks/day). Subgroup membership was maintained over 18–24 months. There was minimal change across time, although only one-third of adolescents met treatment targets. Older age, longer diabetes duration, ethnic minority status, unmarried caregiver status, insulin delivery via injections versus continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, greater depressive symptoms, negative affect about BGM, and diabetes-specific family conflict each predicted membership in a subgroup with poorer diabetes management and control. Conclusions Among the nearly two-thirds of adolescents with management and control that do not meet treatment targets, modifiable and nonmodifiable factors may signal the need for prevention or intervention. Demographic and medical factors may call for proactive efforts to prevent deterioration, and psychological symptoms and family conflict signal opportunities for clinical intervention to promote improved diabetes management and control in adolescence.
Fractionation of motor units by curare.

Abstract The effect of curare upon the population of muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron has been investigated. Observations were made on motor units driven by stimulation of ventral root filaments and on units discharging reflexly in response to pinch of the ipsilateral hind paw. Recordings were made from the surface of the gastrocnemius and gracilis muscles of the rat with pairs of closely spaced electrodes. Curare was found to reduce reversibly the amplitude of responses from motor units in either of two patterns: (1) the amplitude remained at control levels until it abruptly dropped to zero or a very low value; (2) the amplitude declined gradually, with one or more abrupt downward “steps” and a large terminal “step.” Analysis of these effects with a fast sweep showed that decline in the amplitude of response was accompanied by an alteration in its form. Units which declined gradually in amplitude with “steps” were found to be made up of two or more components, each of which responded in all-or-none fashion. As the effect of curare developed, these components became distinguishable as separate entities because of unequal delays at their neuromuscular junctions. The originally synchronized responses, that is, began to fall more and more out of phase, which produced a gradual decline in amplitude. “Steps” occurred whenever a component dropped out entirely. An electronic analog of this desynchronization and fractionation of motor units was devised to help explain the results.
Catechin and Caffeine Content of Green Tea Dietary Supplements and Correlation with Antioxidant Capacity

The health benefits associated with tea consumption have resulted in the wide inclusion of green tea extracts in botanical dietary supplements, which are widely consumed as adjuvants for complementary and alternative medicines. Tea contains polyphenols such as catechins or flavan-3-ols including epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), as well as the alkaloid, caffeine. Polyphenols are antioxidants, and EGCG, due to its high levels, is widely accepted as the major antioxidant in green tea. Therefore, commercial green tea dietary supplements (GTDS) may be chemically standardized to EGCG levels and/or biologically standardized to antioxidant capacity. However, label claims on GTDS may not correlate with actual phytochemical content or antioxidant capacity nor provide information about the presence and levels of caffeine. In the current study, 19 commonly available GTDS were evaluated for catechin and caffeine content (using high-performance liquid chromatograp...
Discovery of an Ultracool Subdwarf: LSR 1425+7102, the First Star with Spectral Type sdM8.0

We report the discovery of the coolest subdwarf reported to date. The star LSR 1425+7102 was discovered in our survey for faint high proper motion stars in the northern sky. Follow-up spectroscopy revealed the star to be a very red object with the characteristic signature of M subdwarfs: strong CaH bands but relatively weaker TiO bands. The CaH molecular band at ≈6900 A is particularly strong. By extrapolating the empirical relationship between the strength of the CaH molecular band and that of the subdwarf subtype, we conclude that LSR 1425+7102 is the first star to be discovered with spectral type sdM8.0.
Remittances in the Pacific Region

Remittances are large and have grown substantially over the past decade in the Pacific region. This primarily reflects the impact of emigration due to low growth and limited employment prospects at home. Many Pacific emigrants settle abroad with their families for long periods, but maintain close links with their relatives, villages and churches. The paper finds that the altruistic motive for remittances remains much stronger in the Pacific region than in the rest of Asia, where investment considerations increasingly appear to predominate, especially for the large share of single citizens working abroad for limited periods.
Theoretical analysis of hybrid flat-panel detector arrays for digital x-ray fluoroscopy: general sys

Semiconductor flat-panel detector arrays are being investigated for applications in digital x-ray medical imaging. This paper describes the system architecture and theoretical signal and noise processes of a proposed hybrid cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) based CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) array for fluoroscopy. Sim- ulations were performed using an 80-kVp-tungsten spectrum and a 200- m pixel. The proposed system appears to exhibit favor- able characteristics in terms of charge generation, lag, quantum noise, and other electronic sources of noise, and compared well with other direct conversion detectors. Overall, we expect the system to be x-ray quantum noise limited under diagnostic exposure condi- tions for fluoroscopy and conclude that the proposed imager ex- hibits promising characteristics for applications in diagnostic x-ray imaging.
Supporting Community-Based Prevention and Health Promotion Initiatives: Developing Effective Technical Assistance Systems

As research evidence for the effectiveness of community-based prevention has mounted, so has recognition of the gap between research and community practice. As a result, state and local governments are taking a more active role in building the capacity of community-based organizations to deliver evidence-based prevention interventions. Innovations are taking place in the establishment of technical assistance or support systems to influence the prevention and health education activities of community-based organizations. Several challenges for technical assistance systems are described: (1) setting prevention priorities and allocating limited technical assistance resources, (2) balancing capacity-building versus program dissemination efforts, (3) collaborating across categorical problem areas, (4) designing technical assistance initiatives with enough “dose strength” to have an effect, (5) balancing fidelity versus adaptation in program implementation, (6) building organizational cultures that support innov...
All Things Shining: Reading the Western Classics to Find Meaning in a Secular Age

This is a big book not in terms of its length, which comes in at a rather modest 243 pages minus the notes, but in terms of the big questions it raises and tries to answer: the biggest and most cen...
Urban citizens and a university after a serious campus disturbance

This study looks at 282 urban citizens' attitudes about campus dissent, attitudes about the legitimacy of a campus disturbance, and their satisfaction with a university soon after a serious campus disturbance.
Revision of marine species of Didymosphaeria (Ascomycotina)

The four marine species of Didymosphaeria have been re-examined and the names of three of them transferred to new genera ( Bicrouania, Lineolata, Verruculina). A new genus and species from wood of Rhizophora mangle in Belize is described as Coronopapilla avellina . The following new combinations are proposed: B. maritima (syn. Sphaeria maritima Crouan & Crouan), L. rhizophorae (syn. Didymosphaeria rhizophorae Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.), and V. enalia (syn. Didymosphaeria enalia Kohlm.). Ascomata of B. maritima contain hymenial photobionts. A key to the marine Didymosphaeria -like fungi is provided.
Influence of decorrelation on Heisenberg-limited interferometry with quantum correlated photons

The feasibility of a Heisenberg-limited phase measurement using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer fed with twin photon correlated light is investigated theoretically. To take advantage of the Heisenberg limit, $1/N$, for the phase sensitivity, one wants the number of correlated photons, $N$, to be high. This favors the use of parametric oscillation rather than the weaker but better correlated source given by parametric down-conversion. In real systems, decorrelation arising from photon absorption, mode mismatch, and nonideal detectors must be considered. In this paper we address the problem of detection when correlated photons are used as the input. We study the influence of photon statistics and of imperfect quantum correlation of the input light, and show that it is still possible to break the classical $1/\sqrt{N}$ phase sensitivity limit in nonideal experimental conditions. All the results are valid in the general case of quantum correlated bosons.
Family Instability and Children's Early Problem Behavior

This study investigated the association between family instability and children's problem behavior during the transition to first grade. In a sample (n = 1,015) drawn from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we found that a quarter of sample members experienced at least one family transition between birth and age 6. Instability was also related to family structure at birth: those born into cohabiting parent families experienced the most instability, followed by those born into single mother families and finally, those in two-biological married parent families. Children who experienced instability had higher teacher and observer reports of problem behaviors than those from stable family structures. Finally, differences in problem behavior associated with family instability varied by family structure at birth and the emotional, social and material resources in the family.
Online video repository and supportive community for beginning teachers

Nearly half of public school teachers leave in their first five years of teaching, and the inadequacy of their preparation is a significant challenge to their success. Teacher attrition results in part from frustration caused by inadequate preparation and lack of a professional development support system. Beginning teachers lack access to exemplars of effective teaching practices. This paper proposes a design framework addressing these problems via a free Internet-based resource for teachers to share videos of their teaching practices and exchange ideas through a supportive online community. This resource would present easily accessible videos of model practices, problem representations, problem solutions. The website would provide a supportive community for beginning teachers; enable them to: form groups centered on common interests, exchange messages, and offer one another feedback on teaching practices; facilitate sharing of classroom materials and best practices; and allow teachers to post profiles of professional and personal information.