cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Population Structure, Linkage Disequilibrium, and Genetic Diversity in Soft Winter Wheat Enriched for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance

The occurrence of epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, in U.S. winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the past two decades led to signifi cant emphasis on development of resistant cultivars. Understanding the genetic diversity, population structure (PS), and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in winter wheat in the eastern United States is important for marker-assisted breeding and association analysis in this germplasm. Lines selected from collaborative FHB screening nurseries were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence tagged site (STS), and Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers to assess LD, genetic diversity, and PS. The genomewide average of LD decay to r 2 0.2) were generally constrained to markers less than 5 cM apart. Although the lines evaluated were targeted to distinct production zones of the eastern winter wheat region, cluster and principal component analyses did not detect separation of lines into subpopulations. The short, intense breeding history for scab resistance may have localized effects on LD. Lack of subgroups within our population could be due to intercrossing among common resistant parents and indicate frequent admixture and germplasm exchange among U.S. winter wheat programs focused on development of FHB resistant cultivars. F USARIUM HEAD BLIGHT (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a disease of wheat of international importance. Although the most economical
About the evolution of goat and sheep milk production

Abstract Goats and sheep producing milk for people start with the beginnings of domestication. For thousands of years they provide sustainance for the people. During the last 150 years genetic selection and better feeding conditions led to several superior goat and sheep breeds in some countries in terms of milk and solids productivity, proving a great potential for evolution in both species, and responding to an increasing market demand and popularity especially of cheeses from goat and sheep milk. Some sheep breeds can produce more than 1000 kg milk in one lactation and several goat breeds more than 2000 kg milk, but in physiologically comparable terms of 4% fat-corrected milk both species can be equal. Goat milk production leaders have been capable of producing 10 kg milk per day of lactation. Comprehensive reviews are presented of the latest aspects of production and technology of goat and sheep milk.
Quality of life outcomes after third molar removal in subjects with minor symptoms of pericoronitis.

Purpose Our purpose was to assess the effect of third molar removal on the quality of life in subjects with symptoms of pericoronitis. Patients and Methods Healthy subjects (American Society of Anesthesiologists Classes I and II), aged 18 to 35 years, with minor symptoms of pericoronitis affecting at least 1 mandibular third molar were recruited for an institutional review board-approved study. The exclusion criteria were major symptoms of pericoronitis, generalized periodontal disease, body mass index greater than 29 kg/m2, and antibiotic or tobacco use. The data from patients undergoing surgery to remove all third molars with a follow-up examination after surgery at least 3 months later were included in these analyses. The clinical, demographic, and quality of life data were collected at enrollment and after surgery. At entry, the debris was removed from symptomatic third molar sites; no attempt was made to mechanically remove nonsheddable biofilm. The patients scheduled surgery electively with a recall examination at least 3 months after surgery. Results The median age of the 60 subjects was 21.9 years (interquartile range 20.2 to 24.7). The median postoperative follow-up was 7.7 months (interquartile range 6.0 to 12.4). The proportion of patients reporting the worst pain as severe decreased from enrollment to after surgery from 32% to 3%. Those responding “none” for the worst pain increased from 10% to 78%. Fifteen percent of subjects reported the pain intensity as “nothing,” “faint,” or “very weak” at enrollment. This increased to 96% after surgery. One third of patients reported the unpleasantness of pain as “neutral,” “slightly unpleasant,” or “slightly annoying” at enrollment, which increased to 97% after surgery. Also, 22% and 18% of the patients reported “quite a bit” or “lots of difficulty” with eating desired foods and chewing foods at enrollment, respectively; only 1 patient reported this degree of difficulty at the follow-up examination. In contrast, 42% and 37% of the patients reported no difficulty with eating and chewing at enrollment, which had increased to 95% and 93% at the follow-up examination, respectively. Conclusions Removal of the third molars positively influenced the quality of life outcomes in those with minor symptoms of pericoronitis.
Manganese inhibits ATP-induced calcium entry through the transient receptor potential channel TRPC3 in astrocytes

Chronic exposure to elevated levels of manganese (Mn2+) causes neuronal injury and inflammatory activation of glia. Astrocytes selectively accumulate Mn2+, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration and increases production of reactive oxygen species. We previously reported that sub-acute exposure to low micromolar levels of Mn2+ in primary astrocytes inhibited ATP-induced calcium (Ca2+) signaling, associated with decreased levels of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ loads. In the present studies, we postulated that the mechanism underlying the capacity of Mn2+ to inhibit these purinergic signals in astrocytes could be due to competition with Ca2+ for entry through a plasma membrane channel. These data demonstrate that acutely applied Mn2+ rapidly inhibited ATP-induced Ca2+ waves and transients in primary striatal astrocytes. Mn2+ also decreased influx of extracellular Ca2+ induced by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), a direct activator of the transient receptor potential channel, TRPC3. The TRPC3 inhibitor, pyrazole-3, prevented ATP- and OAG-dependent transport of Mn2+ from extracellular stores, demonstrated by a dramatic reduction in the rate of fluorescence quenching of Fura-2. These data indicate that Mn2+ can acutely inhibit ATP-dependent Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes by blocking Ca2+ entry through the receptor-operated cation channel, TRPC3. Loss of normal astrocytic responses to purinergic signals due to accumulation of Mn2+ could therefore comprise critical homeostatic functions necessary for metabolic and trophic support of neurons.
3-Year Iatrogenic Effects Associated With Aggregating High-Risk Adolescents in Cognitive-Behavioral Preventive Interventions

This article focuses on 3-year outcomes associated with a preventive intervention trial in which high-risk youth were aggregated into cognitive-behavioral groups. Analyses of covariance and latent growth modeling revealed that the intervention contributed to 3-year escalations in self-reported smoking and teacher-reported delinquency. Interactions between participants' characteristics (i.e., initial status, age, and gender) and intervention were also tested. A statistically reliable interaction was found, suggesting that those with initially low levels of delinquency were especially affected by the peer intervention group. Implications of these iatrogenic effects are discussed with respect to aggregating high-risk youth in selected prevention trials.
Humoral and cellular immunologic aspects of adjuvant and collagen arthritis in rats.

AbstractSystemic and local immunological responses of rats sensitized with either M. butyricumor native type II collagen have been evaloatod. In rats exhibiting adjuvant-induced arthritis no antibodies to collagen could be detected. In animals exhibiting collagen-induced arthritis, high antibody titsrs developed by day 14, and could be correlated with the severity of the arthritis.Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were measured by a 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine 125-I (125-IUdR) uptake assay. Arthritic scores in rats immunized with collagen were not accompanied by a positive DTFt response, where as adjuvant arthritic rats showed a positive response. T-lymphocyte cellular responses in both adjuvant- and collagen-induced arthritic rats were measured. In neither syndrome were major alterations observed in T-lymphocytz subpopulations. These results provide evidence that adjuvant-induced arthritis and type II collagen-induced arthritis are distinct entities, and that they may be discriminated by the natur...
Preliminary Study of Effect of Decision Making on Locus of Control among Prison Inmates

To study the effect of teaching decision-making to inmates in a maximum security facility on locus of control 19 adult male inmates who were incarcerated at a community correctional center were pre- and posttested on the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. In this preliminary study there was no statistically significant difference at pretest or posttest so teaching decision-making skills in group settings versus teaching in a group combined and one-to-one contact did not affect locus of control as measured. This personality trait appears stable over time and a more thorough means of intervention is required to effect change.
Raynaud's phenomenon in an infant

T i~ I s 5~-month-old Caucasian female infant was admitted for evaluation of intermittent and evanescent "purpura" of 3 days' duration. The patient's gestational, birth, and developmental histories were not remarkable. She was well until 3 days prior to admission, when she developed areas of transient and recurrent blue to black discoloration of the skin of both calves. Recurrences varied in location and were confined to the lower extremities until one day prior to admission, when blue-black discoloration of the fingers occurred. The patient also had mild fever and a poorly defined macular eruption of the upper trunk and neck. She was seen by her private pediatrician, hospitalized briefly elsewhere, and transferred to Children's Hospital. Physical examination showed an irritable, crying, normally developed, normally nourished female infant, who measured 25 inches in length and weighed 15 pounds, 7 ounces. The rectal temperature was 100.2 ~ F. Blood pressures in the arm and leg by the flush method were 80 mm. Hg and 100 ram. Hg, respectively. There was blotchy pallor of the trunk, profuse diaphoresis, and alternating cyanosis and blanching of both hands over a pe r iod of several minutes. Respirations were 64 per minute. The lungs were clear to auscultation; air exchange was good. The apical cardiac rate was 132 per minute. The heart was of normal size by percussion, and
Fusion of data from spatially separated sensors using Riemannian manifolds

In this paper, an approach for representing target classes in feature space using Riemannian manifolds is explored. In a formal application of the approach, it is required that several basic assumptions used in the development of differential and Riemannian geometry are satisfied. These assumptions relate to the concepts of allowable parametric representations and allowable coordinate transformations. Developing target class representations which satisfy these assumptions has a direct consequence on the selection of a suitable feature set. Having found a suitable feature set, the approach results in a natural coordinate system in which to calculate distance metrics used in classification algorithms. In this paper, the approach is applied to a situation where an active sensor and a passive sensor are spatially separated and are simultaneously collecting data on a set of targets. It is shown that the use of the natural coordinate system offered by this approach leads to a straightforward and mathematically rigorous method for fusing the sensor data at the feature level.
A Novel Role for Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT (PIAS) Proteins in Modulating the Activity of Zimp7, a Novel PIAS-like Protein, in Androgen Receptor-mediated Transcription

The PIAS proteins (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) were originally identified as inhibitors of the JAK-STAT pathway. Subsequently, their roles on transcriptional regulation have been identified in modulation of the androgen receptor (AR) and other nuclear hormone receptor-mediated actions. Zimp7, also named Zmiz2, is a novel PIAS-like protein and functions as a transcriptional co-activator. In this study, we demonstrate an interaction between Zimp7 and PIAS proteins with higher preference for PIAS3. A modified mammalian one-hybrid assay showed that the NH2-terminal proline-rich domain of Zimp7 and the region spanning amino acids 321–486 of PIAS3 were the primary interaction segments. The interaction between Zimp7 and PIAS3 proteins was further confirmed by in vitro protein pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays with both exogenous and endogenous proteins. Expression of exogenous PIAS3 further enhances Zimp7-mediated augmentation of AR transcription. Knockdown of the endogenous PIAS3 protein using a specific PIAS3 small hairpin RNA reduced the augmentation of Zimp7 on AR-mediated transcription. Co-localization of Zimp7 and PIAS3 proteins was observed in the nuclei of cells by immunostaining. Exogenous PIAS3 expression enhances the stability of the Zimp7 protein. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that PIAS3 is involved in the AR- and Zimp7-formed protein complex(es) in the AR downstream target promoter to facilitate androgen-induced transcription. Finally, we further demonstrated that loss of Zimp7 significantly impaired PIAS3-mediated enhancement on AR activity in mouse Zimp7 null (zimp7−/−) embryonic fibroblasts. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel interaction between PIAS and PIAS-like proteins and elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism for PIAS proteins in AR-mediated transcription.
MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test

Insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity are the two main factors controlling glucose tolerance. We have proposed a method for measuring these two factors, using computer analysis of a frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). This 'minimal modelling approach' fits two mathematical models with FSIGT glucose and insulin data: one of glucose disappearance and one of insulin kinetics. MINMOD is the computer program which identifies the model parameters for each individual. A nonlinear least squares estimation technique is used, employing a gradient-type of estimation algorithm, and the first derivatives (not known analytically) are computed according to the 'sensitivity approach'. The program yields the parameter estimates and the precision of their estimation. From the model parameters, it is possible to extract four indices: SG, the ability of glucose per se to enhance its own disappearance at basal insulin, SI, the tissue insulin sensitivity index, phi 1, first phase pancreatic responsivity, and phi 2, second phase pancreatic responsivity. These four characteristic parameters have been shown to represent an integrated metabolic portrait of a single individual.
DISPERSION RELATIONS FOR PION-HYPERON PRODUCTION AND A POSSIBLE PION- HYPERON RESONANCE

Approximate P-wave dispersion relations are derived, but not proved, for the processes bar-K + N - pi + SIGMA (or A) under the assumption that all pion-baryon and K-baryon interactions are of the odd intrinsic-parity, Yukawa type. By comparing these equations with the analogous equations for pion-hyperon scattering, it is shown that a low-energy resonance is likely to occur in a particular combination of the isotopic spin one, P/sub 3 2 9/ pi + LAMBDA , and pi + SIGMA scattering states; and this resonance should be recognizable in the pi + Y production processes. Despite complications associated with the unphysical region in the pi + Y production dispersion relations and with the fact that the K interactions are moderately strong, the resonance should occur in the production process in a direct and simple way. Measurements of the cross section for production of this resonance state can give information about the strengths of the strong interactions, particularly the pion-baryon interactions. The present experimental evidence concerning the existence of such a resonance effect in pi + Y production is favorable, but inconclusive. A short discussion is given of the additional experimental information needed to test the resonance hypothesis. (auth)
1036 THE EFFECT(s) OF FACTOR(s) GENERATED BY INVADING PATHOGENS ON CHEMOTAXIS (CX) OF HOST NEUTROPHILS (PMNS)

The effect of bacterial infection on PMN CX has not been studied in detail. Whether infection causes impairment or enhancement is controversial. The response during infection, to chemotactic factors (CF) generated by the pathogen is unknown. 14 patients (mean age 4.5 yrs) and 14 age matched controls were studied. 4 had septicemia; 1 meningitis; 5 UTI, 6 Enteritis and 1 otitis media. The organisms isolated (Pneumococcus, Shigella, Pseudomonas, E. coli, Klebsiella and Salmonella) were grown in broth. CF for each organism (OCF) was obtained. 12 patients were studied before and 2 during antibiotic therapy. CX was performed utilizing Boyden's technique. PMNS placed on 3 μ micropore filter were tested against OCF, endotoxin activated serum (EAS) and an standard E. coli CF (ECF) to determine chemotactic index (CI) and against Hank's solution random migration (RM). The mean (± 1SD) CI and RM are presented (table). CI obtained with the 3 CFs were decreased and RM unchanged compared with controls. These findings suggest that the invading organism contributes to the host's vulunerability and may impair recovery by decreasing CX.
Numerical Investigation of Plasma-Based Control for Low-Reynolds-Number Airfoil Flows

Large-eddy simulations are carried out to investigate the use of plasma-based actuation for the control of flows over a finite span wing at low Reynolds numbers. The wing section corresponds to the SD7003 airfoil, which is representative of those employed for micro air vehicle applications. Dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuators are used to modify the transitional flow and improve aerodynamic performance. Solutions are obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations, which were augmented by source terms used to represent plasma-induced body forces imparted by the actuators on the fluid. Simple phenomenological models provided the body forces generated by the electric field of the plasma surrounding the actuators. The numerical method is based upon a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme, an implicit large-eddy-simulation approach, and domain decomposition in order to perform calculations on a parallel computing platform. Flow at a chord-based Reynolds number of 40,000 is considered in the investigation, which is characterized by laminar separation on the suction surface of the wing at low angles of attack. This separation then promotes transition to a more complex state, which can be modified by the use of plasma actuation. Several aspects of control are examined, including different actuator configurations, alternative plasma-force models, both continuous and pulsed modes of operation, and the magnitude of plasma force required for control.
Depolarised broadband source

A depolarised broadband source is demonstrated by depolarising the output of a superluminescent diode with a short length of Hitachi single polarisation fibre. A degree of polarisation of less than 10?3 is achieved.
Pathology of Nematospiroides dubius. II. Reinfections in Webster mice.

Webster mice were inoculated via the esophagus with 130 to 150 Nematospiroides dubius larvae each; 4 weeks later the infected mice were given 200 larvae by the same route. The tissues, responding to the larval penetration, emergence, and necrotizing substance(s), produced lesions in the second infections that were more severe than those observed in the primary infections. The nodular lesions on the intestinal wall had not healed 90 days after the second infection.
Passive Diffusion as a Mechanism Underlying Ribbon Synapse Vesicle Release and Resupply

Synaptic ribbons are presynaptic protein structures found at many synapses that convey graded, “analog” sensory signals in the visual, auditory, and vestibular pathways. Ribbons, typically anchored to the presynaptic membrane and surrounded by tethered synaptic vesicles, are thought to regulate or facilitate vesicle delivery to the presynaptic membrane. No direct evidence exists, however, to indicate how vesicles interact with the ribbon or, once attached, move along the ribbon's surface to reach the presynaptic release sites at its base. To address these questions, we have created, validated, and tested a passive vesicle diffusion model of retinal rod bipolar cell ribbon synapses. We used axial (bright-field) electron tomography in the scanning transmission electron microscopy to obtain 3D structures of rat rod bipolar cell terminals in 1-μm-thick sections of retinal tissue at an isotropic spatial resolution of ∼3 nm. The resulting structures were then incorporated with previously published estimates of vesicle diffusion dynamics into numerical simulations that accurately reproduced electrophysiologically measured vesicle release/replenishment rates and vesicle pool sizes. The simulations suggest that, under physiologically realistic conditions, diffusion of vesicles crowded on the ribbon surface gives rise to a flow field that enhances delivery of vesicles to the presynaptic membrane without requiring an active transport mechanism. Numerical simulations of ribbon–vesicle interactions predict that transient binding and unbinding of multiple tethers to each synaptic vesicle may achieve sufficiently tight association of vesicles to the ribbon while permitting the fast diffusion along the ribbon that is required to sustain high release rates.
The rigidity dependence of the solar modulation at solar minimum, 1965

Abstract The spectral data on primary cosmic ray protons and helium nuclei, presented in the previous paper, are analyzed with the assumption that the solar cycle modulation is due to a diffusion-convection process in which the scattering mean free path is both a function of rigidity and radial distance from the Sun. In addition to these measurements made in 1965, balloon measurements made in 1963 and 1964 at low rigidities, ion chamber measurements at intermediate rigidities, and neutron monitor intensities at high rigidities are used to investigate the rigidity dependence of the scattering mean free path near solar minimum. A function of the form (1 + P / P 0 ), where P is the particle rigidity and P 0 is a time-varying parameter related to the scale size and magnetic field intensity of the scattering irregularities, is found to describe the modulation above 0·4 BV rigidity. The assumed radial power law form for the scattering mean free path is found to have an exponent in the range 1·00–1·08 from the observed time variations.
Treatment considerations for men who keep score in the game of life

“Scorekeeping,” or the psychological habit of evaluating personal worth according to how well one “measures up” to stereotypical standards of achievement and social desirability, is associated with gender role conflict in men, as well as with traditional diagnostic considerations such as narcissism and depression. In this paper, the theoretical implications of this construct are explored, and a treatment protocol for men, utilizing repeated administration of a scale to measure the severity of scorekeeping behavior, is described. Two clinical case vignettes illustrating the application of these treatment principles are offered.
Mortality following bone metastasis and skeletal-related events among patients 65 years and above with lung cancer: A population-based analysis of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2006.

Background: To quantify the impact of bone metastasis and skeletal-related events (SREs) on mortality among older patients with lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database, we identified patients aged 65 years or older diagnosed with lung cancer between July 1, 1999 and December 31, 2005 and followed them to determine deaths through December 31, 2006. We classified patients as having possible bone metastasis and SREs using discharge diagnoses from inpatient claims and diagnoses paired with procedure codes from outpatient claims. We used Cox regression to estimate mortality hazards ratios (HR) among patients with bone metastasis with or without SRE, compared to patients without bone metastasis. Results: Among 126,123 patients with lung cancer having a median follow-up of 0.6 years, 24,820 (19.8%) had bone metastasis either at lung cancer diagnosis (9,523, 7.6%) or during follow-up (15,297, 12.1%). SREs occurred in 12,665 (51%) patients with bone metastasis. The HR for death was 2.4 (95% CI = 2.4-2.5) both for patients with bone metastasis but no SRE and for patients with bone metastasis plus SRE, compared to patients without bone metastasis. Conclusions: Having a bone metastasis, as indicated by Medicare claims, was associated with mortality among patients with lung cancer. We found no difference in mortality between patients with bone metastasis complicated by SRE and patients with bone metastasis but without SRE.
The examination of the heart and lungs by the cardiocairographic method

Abstract Cardiocairography is a method by means of which roentgenographic examination of the heart can be made at a particular phase of its cycle. The apparatus designed by Schwarzchild for making such exposures of the thorax (the cardiocairograph) synchronizes the roentgen exposure with the action currents of the heart. These currents are taken through the standard leads of the electrocardiograph. Since the peak of the R wave is attained 0.08 second before the actual beginning of cardiac contraction, a roentgenographic exposure of the thorax at this instant will reveal the shape of the heart and the character of the lung fields during diastole. Inasmuch as the time of occurrence of maximum systole is relatively constant, namely, about 0.20 second after the peak of the R wave, and is relatively independent of the pulse rate, and since the diastolic interval is that part of the cycle which varies most with the pulse rate, it becomes possible, by introducing into the circuit a delay mechanism, to obtain an exposure at the instant of maximum systole. Thus, roentgenograms of the chest may be obtained either when the heart is in maximum diastole or in systole. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of exposure are discussed. The importance of establishing standards for the cardiac shadow, both during systole and diastole, is discussed. In roentgenology of the chest, the motion of the pulmonary structures is the most important single factor influencing definition and sharpness of the images. The amount of blurring produced by movement varies with the rate of movement and with the duration of the exposure. Shortening of the exposure, even to 1 30 second, does not eliminate movements which arise from the impact of the pulsating heart against the lungs and the pulsations of the vessels. This motion varies in relation to the cardiac cycle and in different portions of the lungs, depending upon the proximity of the vessels to the heart. Whereas at the periphery, in certain parts of the lung, the movement may be minimal, it may be very marked in the basal portions of the lungs. The movement of the pulmonary structures is at a minimum at the instant when the ventricles are almost at the end of the diastolic phase. This, therefore, is the ideal time for roentgen exposure of the lung. Further, in stereoscopic examinations of the chest, perfect visual fusion is obtained only if the two roentgen images of the lungs are made at exactly the same phase of the cardiac cycle. This method gives a true stereoscopic pair of roentgenograms which possess maximum sharpness and detail. Cardiocairography may also be used to obtain kymograms in which the time scale begins at any predetermined phase of the cardiac cycle; this type of roentgenogram has been named the cairokymogram. Further, cardiocairography provides a simple method for combined electrocardiographic and kymographic examination; it is free from many difficulties because there is no shielding problem in this procedure.
Transverse momentum dependence of the angular distribution of the Drell-Yan process.

We calculate the transverse momentum ${Q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ dependence of the helicity structure functions for the hadroproduction of a massive pair of leptons with pair invariant mass $Q$. These structure functions determine the angular distribution of the leptons in the pair rest frame. Unphysical behavior in the region ${Q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ is seen in the results of calculations done at fixed order in QCD perturbation theory. We use current conservation to demonstrate that the unphysical inverse-power and $\mathrm{ln}﻿(Q/{Q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}})$ logarithmic divergences in three of the four independent helicity structure functions share the same origin as the divergent terms in fixed-order calculations of the angular-integrated cross section. We show that the resummation of these divergences to all orders in the strong coupling strength ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ can be reduced to the solved problem of the resummation of the divergences in the angular-integrated cross section, resulting in well-behaved predictions in the small ${Q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ region. Among other results, we show the resummed part of the helicity structure functions preserves the Lam-Tung relation between the longitudinal and double spin-flip structure functions as a function of ${Q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ to all orders in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$.
Removal of Escherichia coli after Treatment Using Ozonation-Ultrafiltration with Iron Oxide-Coated Membranes

The effect of membrane filtration, ozonation, and combined ozonation-membrane filtration on the removal of Escherichia coli was studied. Commercially available ceramic membranes with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 5kDa were used as is, and also coated with iron oxide nanoparticles and sintered at 900°C. With membrane filtration and ozonation-membrane filtration using the uncoated membrane, 7 log removal of E. coli was achieved, as compared to 7.5 log removal with ozonation-membrane filtration with the coated membrane. A Live-Dead assay indicated that the mortality of E. coli in the product water was 15%, ∼50%, ∼86%, and >99% with membrane filtration, ozonation, combined ozonation-membrane filtration with the uncoated membrane and the coated membrane, respectively. With the coated membrane, the concentration of assimilated organic carbon (AOC) was reduced by up to 50% more than with the uncoated membrane filtration (with both systems operated using ozone). This indicates that there is a reduced potent...
Capsule Commentary on Guerrasio and Aagaard, Methods and Outcomes for the Remediation of Clinical Reasoning

“Read more, see more” is one of the most common constructive comments for students and residents who struggle with clinical reasoning. It’s a well-intentioned prescription, but it doesn’t work. In this issue, Guerrasio and Aagaard describe an approach that does.1
The nature of philanthropy in nineteenth-century France and thementalité of the Jewish elite

When French Jews in the century or so before World War I spoke about their philanthropic activities, whether those activities were directed toward helping their coreligionists within France or somewhere overseas, they often tried to connect their work with traditional Jewish values. The Alliance isra?lite universelle chose as its motto the traditional Jewish maxim "kol yisrael haverim" ("all Israel are comrades")? for example, and French rabbis often linked their appeals for involvement in charitable activities to Biblical verses or traditional texts. Thus, in an 1882 sermon preached in support of the Oeuvre des femmes en couche, Zadoc Kahn, the chief rabbi of France, tied support for this maternal care organization to the Mishnaic observation "torah fhilatah gemilut hasadim v'sofah gemilut hasadim" ("the Torah both begins and ends with acts of lovingkindness").1 Similarly, in his Pesach sermon of 1905, Emile Levy, chief rabbi at Bayonne, drew the lesson that it was incumbent upon Jewish communities to create charitable societies from the Biblical verse "banim atem Vadonai elohaihem" ("you are the children of the Lord your God").2
Role of disorder in half-filled high Landau levels

We study the effects of disorder on the quantum Hall stripe phases in half-filled high Landau levels using exact numerical diagonalization. We show that, in the presence of weak disorder, a compressible, striped charge-density wave, becomes the true ground state. The projected electron-density profile resemble that of a smectic liquid. With increasing disorder strength W, we find that there exists a critical value, W c ∼0.12e 2 /∈, where a transition/crossover to an isotropic phase with strong local electron-density fluctuations takes place. The many-body density of states are qualitatively distinguishable in these two phases and help elucidate the nature of the transition.
The structure of alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses as determined by vibrational spectroscopy

Abstract The structure of glasses in the CaOAl2O3SiO2 (CAS) and MgOAl2O3SiO2 (MAS) systems have been studied using Raman and infrared (IR) reflectance spectroscopies. Kramers-Kronig analysis was performed on the IR data. Two compositional series were chosen in each system, one which has a constant average polymerization of 1 non-bridging oxygen per tetrahedral cation, and the other in which silica content is constant at 50 mol%, but polymerization varies. The results indicate that the presence of alkaline earth network modifiers favors the formation of species with high negative charge density. In the NBO/T = 1 series this leads to the equilibrium 2Q3 = Q4 + Q2 (where the superscript is the number of bridging oxygens per tetrahedron) shifting to the right at low Al content and to the left at high Al/Si. In the fully polymerized, 50% silica Mg glass, there is evidence of clustering into Al-rich and Si-rich domains. Transformation of the IR data yields a well-resolved low-frequency band in the CAS spectra whose frequency depends on polymerization and whether Ca is acting as a network modifier or charge balancer. The analogous Mg band is apparently buried in the mid-frequency network mode.
Anomalies in Contact Angle Behaviour for Ethyl Alcohol-Water Mixtures

MEASUREMENTS of static contact angles for alcohol/water mixtures on pretreated copper surfaces are presented in Fig. 1. The results indicate that, for ethyl alcohol concentrations up to 8 per cent by weight, a constant contact angle of 72° is attained. Analogous behaviour has been, observed by Franke1 when measuring mutual diffusivities where a minimum value was reported at 10 per cent concentration. Hoffman et al.2 have shown a maximum value of the temperature coefficient of the surface tension of ethyl alcohol/water mixtures at 8 per cent weight.
Optical properties of selected first-row transition metals determined by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy

Abstract The optical constants for Ti, V, Fe, Co, and Ni determined by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) are reported. The optical constants were calculated from the experimental REELS data using an empirical data treatment method previously reported [Appl. Surf. Sci. 44 (1990) 279, 293]. The purpose of this study is to further evaluate the data treatment method on electronically more complex metals. The REELS experimental spectra, taken with primary beam energies of 1500 and 200 eV, are discussed along with the resulting optical constants. These results are compared to values reported in the literature. From this comparison, it is shown that the method is effective in approximating the real (ϵ1) and imaginary (ϵ2) parts of the dielectric constant for Ti, V, Fe, Co, and Ni.
A tunable subminiature bio-telemetry transmitter.

Abstract A modified version of a bio-telemetry transmitter previously developed by Skutt is described. The unit is tunable over a 20 MHz range, is sensitive to 20 μV signals, and weighs approximately 3 g. A construction diagram, listing of component suppliers, and detailed assembly instructions are given along with performance characteristics, comments on signal reception, and an example of telemetered neural response data.
DFT and experimental study of N,N′-bis(3′-carboxy,4′-aminophenyl)-1,4-quinonediimine, a carboxyl substituted aniline trimer

Abstract Density functional calculations were performed on N , N ′-bis(3′-carboxy,4′-aminophenyl)-1,4-quinonediimine, a carboxylic acid substituted aniline trimer. Results of the calculations were compared to experimental properties of the herein synthesized trimer, as well as to the properties of the anthranilic acid/aniline co-polymer reported in the literature. The calculated LUMO levels for isomers of the title compound range from −4.45 to −5.05 eV. The calculated electron affinities range from 75.93 kcal mol −1 to 89.04 kcal mol −1 (3.29–3.86 eV). Both the LUMO levels and electron affinities are greatest in magnitude for the anti, syn isomer. The HOMO levels, on the other hand, range from −5.32 eV (for the trans, trans isomer) to −5.36 eV (syn, syn inner). In acetonitrile solvent, the zwitterionic form is calculated to be energetically preferred to the non-zwitterion. Experimental UV–vis and near-IR studies in acetonitrile and ethanol show little evidence for zwitterion formation, but those in water show strong evidence. The predicted electronic transitions for the non-zwitterion in acetonitrile solvent correspond closely to those seen at 533 and 416 nm. The zwitterion present in solvent corresponds to a trimer with the capability to “self-dope”, suggesting that the trimer would be effective at corrosion inhibition in the emeraldine base form, unlike other trimers which are only effective in the emeraldine salt form. This effectiveness in the emeraldine base form would enable the material to be utilized in corrosion inhibition applications in alkaline environments where standard oligo- and polyanilines fail.
Xenon and other noble gases in shergottites

The isotopic composition of the xenon component trapped in EETA 79001's lithologies B and C has been determined, and other noble gases were measured in some samples. The Xe component was found to have light isotope ratios indistinguishable from those of the terrestrial atmosphere. The trapped component has a Xe-129/Xe-132 ratio of about 2.4, and is enhanced in Xe-134 and Xe-136 relative to the terrestrial atmosphere or the average carbonaceous chondrite. Similarities between values for Ar-40/Ar-36, Xe-129/Xe-132, and N-15/N-14 and the corresponding Martian atmospheric values suggest Martian origin of the trapped gases.
Hormone action at the membrane level III. Epinephrine interaction with the rat liver plasma membrane

Abstract Epinephrine binds to the isolated plasma membrane of rat liver. At least two types of binding sites have been demonstrated by Scatchard analysis having affinity constants of 1.85·107 M−1 and 1.36·105 M−1. The binding of dl -epinephrine, d - and l -norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy- l -phenylethylamine demonstrate that the benzene ring and the two ring hydroxyl groups are important for binding and that the side chain does not play a major role in binding. Both d - and l -norepinephrine are bound equally well but 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethylamine is bound very slightly compared to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. Delipidized membranes bind epinephrine to the same extent as do intact membranes. Thus the hormone is bound primarily to protein. Alteration of the membrane by chemical agents which interact with SH groups inhibit the binding of epinephrine. Agents which iodinate tyrosine residues also inhibit binding. However, agents which acylate amino and hydroxyl groups do not inhibit hormone binding. Several α- and β-adrenergic blocking agents were tested (phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, dihydroergotamine, propranolol and dichloroisoproterenol) for their effect on epinephrine binding. Only phentolamine gave a moderate inhibition of epinephrine binding. Attempts were made to purify the epinephrine receptor protein. A receptor fraction was isolated by treating membranes containing bound epinephrine with sodium dodecyl sulfate and chromatographing the membrane fragments on Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose. The latter column gave the best separation of the detergent treated membranes and yielded a fraction which contained the major part of the bound epinephrine and which had the highest binding capacity for the hormone.
Inhibitory effects of parasitism by the gregarious endoparasitoid Cotesia congregata on host testicular development

Cotesia congregata is a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Parasitized larvae exhibit a variety of physiological and developmental aberrations, the most obvious of which is the induction of developmental arrest characterized by the absence of wandering behavior and suppression of pupation. This arrest appears attributable to continued maintenance of an elevated titer of juvenile hormone and reduced levels of hemolymph juvenile hormone esterase activity. Injection of the wasp's polydnavirus into nonparasitized larvae also causes arrest and the larvae eventually form larval-pupal intermediates instead of normal pupae, indicating the virus may be partially responsible. Aside from causing arrested host development, parasitism also inhibits the normal development and differentiation of testes in male host larvae, so that the testes atrophy instead of growing synchronously with other larval tissues. Here we report that parasitism has pronounced disruptive cytological effects on the developing reproductive organs of male hosts, in addition to causing them to atrophy. Parasitism results in a reduction in testicular volume attributable to a reduction in the number of developing germ cells. Microscopy revealed that the structural integrity of the sheaths surrounding the testicular follicles also is disrupted, so that the tissues appear grossly abnormal compared to those of nonparasitized larvae. Intrahemocoelic injection of purified C. congregata polydnavirus in combination with venom into nonparasitized fourth instar larvae, or topical application of 100 μg of methoprene to fourth instar larvae, also alters sheath integrity and reduces the numbers of developing germ cells, but not to the same degree as the pattern observed in truly parasitized hosts. The occurrence of cell death in the male gonad was documented using the vital dyes acridine orange and ethidium bromide. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 36:95–114, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Brass Rings or Brass Buttons in Engineering Design

The purpose of this paper is to point out two distinct selections for student design projects. The main decision maker is assumed to be the faculty advisor for the projects, although the students would be expected to have input. The brass ring project involves some aspect of cutting edge technology. The brass button project is one that satisfies the typical criteria of a thoroughly designed, fabricated, and documented “component.” Both types of projects have great value for the students although one is obviously more visible outside the academic community. These two philosophical approaches in engineering design projects reflect the distinction between entrepreneurial and traditional engineering education. As we move from the concept of engineers working for large companies to engineers starting companies, this distinction becomes more important. The primary example base is drawn from electrical and mechanical engineering due to our experiences. While two philosophical approaches are indicated, there are ultimately numerous methodologies and end points possible as a result of diversions along the way.
Comparison of management practices between Ohio, USA dairy farms participating in whole-herd Johne's disease testing programs and those not participating.

Abstract The purpose of our mail survey was to compare the adoption of management practices recommended for Johne’s disease (JD) control between herds involved in whole-herd testing programs versus those that do not routinely test the entire herd for JD. A questionnaire consisted of 38 closed-ended questions that inquired about: general herd characteristics; management practices related to JD control; changes that occurred within the last 5 years regarding management practices recommended for the control of JD; producer knowledge of JD; the perceived infection status of the herd by the producer; and herd JD-testing history. The questionnaire was mailed to 810 Ohio dairy producers in September 2002; 266 questionnaires were returned (32.8% response). We used univariable logistic-regression models to assess the relationship between whole-herd testing status (TESTING versus NON-TESTING) and each management practice, each change in management practice and producer knowledge about JD. Because it is conceivable that only producers who believe their herds to be infected would be motivated to adopt the management practices recommended for control of JD, the comparisons were repeated with models that controlled for producer-perceived infection status. Of the 20 management practices recommended for JD control that we evaluated, 7 differed between TESTING and NON-TESTING herds. Additionally, TESTING herds more-frequently reported adopting changes within the past 5 years relative to NON-TESTING herds with respect to 7 of 9 management practices evaluated. Producers with TESTING herds also reported greater familiarity with JD than those with NON-TESTING herds.
Avoidance and management of expandable metallic stent-related complications

The use of expandable esophageal stents has been of significanthelp in the endoscopic palliation of esophageal cancer and esophageal fistulae. They are, however, associated with several complications, some of which are significant and potentially fatal. Most common complications are mild and self-limited. The various complications are related to stent designs, differing expansile force, or the characteristics of the tumor, or are dependent on the operator. In some instances, all may play a role. The following is a review of these complications and how to avoid them.
Clinical Positron Imaging and the Transition Towards an On-Line Electronic Journal.

Abstract Currently most scientific journals are still predominated by printed versions alone. Although the use of CD-ROM technology and the Internet has facilitated a transition into the domain of electronic communication and electronic journals, we still have a relatively long way to go. However, we will probably make this long journey in a relatively short amount of time (perhaps no more than 5–10 years). This article reviews the history of printed journals, the limitations of current printed journals, transitioning to newer electronic communication methods, and, finally, details of accessing the different electronic versions of the journal are provided. These electronic versions include e.CPI, CPI ONLINE, and ScienceDirect TM . e.CPI will allow for presentation of animations, movie segments, as well as complete sets of functional images not otherwise accessible from a standard printed journal. CPI ONLINE and ScienceDirect TM will eventually allow for on-line access of the entire article and links to articles provided in the references. The hope is that the electronic versions may allow us to eventually transition to a fully electronic journal for the field of positron imaging.