cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anosognosia and patterns of impaired self-awareness observed in clinical practice.

Disturbances of self-awareness are observed in a wide variety of patients. While group studies can provide useful information concerning potential mechanisms underlying these complex disturbances, experienced clinicians, such as Babinski, recognized the potential value of repeated observations on individual patients to insure the reliability of findings and to aid in diagnosis. This paper describes patterns of impaired self-awareness (ISA) that are observed in clinical practice that suggest a model for clinical classification. Repeated observations are reported on four patients ranging from anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP), ISA associated with bilateral cerebral dysfunction with frontal lobe involvement, and apparent denial of disability (DD). A patient who presents with denial of ability (DA) is also studied for comparison purposes. When coupled with brain imaging findings, the nature of the patients' subjective responses to feedback regarding their functional capacities, speed of finger tapping in the left, nondominant hand, and their capacity to express and perceive affect suggests different clinical correlates in these four conditions.
Economic Implications of Potential Changes to Regulatory and Reimbursement Policies for Medical Devices

Objective To evaluate the impact of regulatory scenarios on the financial viability of medical device companies.
Approximation by rational functions on compact nowhere dense subsets of the complex plane

Let \(X\) be a compact nowhere dense subset of the complex plane, and let \(dA\) denote two-dimensional or area measure on \(X\). Let \(R(X)\) denote the uniform closure of the rational functions having no poles on \(X\), and for each \(p,\, 1\le p<\infty \), let \(R^p(X)\) be the closure of \(R(X)\) in the \(L^p(X, dA)\)-norm. Since \(X\) has no interior \(R^p(X)=L^p(X)\) whenever \(1\le p <2\), but for \(p=2\) a kind of phase transition occurs that can be quite striking at times. Our main goal here is to study the manner in which similar phase transitions can occur at any value of \(p, \, 2\le p < \infty \).
A Preliminary Evaluation of the Critical Path Method for Scheduling Tasks on Multiprocessor Systems

The problem of scheduling tasks on a system of independent identical processors is discussed and the performance of a suboptimal method is evaluated. The computation is modeled by an acyclic directed graph G(T,<), where node set T represents the set of tasks to be completed and edge set < defines the precedence between tasks. The objective is to minimize the finishing time of the computation graph. Known theoretical results are reviewed and a general branch-and-bound algorithm for finding optimal solutions is presented. The schedules produced by a simple critical path priority method are shown to be near optimal for randomly generated computation graphs.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Mutants Unable To Convert Malate to Pyruvate and Oxaloacetate Are Avirulent and Immunogenic in BALB/c Mice

Previously, we showed that the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SR-11 tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle must operate as a complete cycle for full virulence after oral infection of BALB/c mice (M. Tchawa Yimga, M. P. Leatham, J. H. Allen, D. C. Laux, T. Conway, and P. S. Cohen, Infect. Immun. 74:1130-1140, 2006). In the same study, we showed that for full virulence, malate must be converted to both oxaloacetate and pyruvate. Moreover, it was recently demonstrated that blocking conversion of succinyl-coenzyme A to succinate attenuates serovar Typhimurium SR-11 but does not make it avirulent; however, blocking conversion of succinate to fumarate renders it completely avirulent and protective against subsequent oral infection with the virulent serovar Typhimurium SR-11 wild-type strain (R. Mercado-Lubo, E. J. Gauger, M. P. Leatham, T. Conway, and P. S. Cohen, Infect. Immun. 76:1128-1134, 2008). Furthermore, the ability to convert succinate to fumarate appeared to be required only after serovar Typhimurium SR-11 became systemic. In the present study, evidence is presented that serovar Typhimurium SR-11 mutants that cannot convert fumarate to malate or that cannot convert malate to both oxaloacetate and pyruvate are also avirulent and protective in BALB/c mice. These results suggest that in BALB/c mice, the malate that is removed from the TCA cycle in serovar Typhimurium SR-11 for conversion to pyruvate must be replenished by succinate or one of its precursors, e.g., arginine or ornithine, which might be available in mouse phagocytes.
An Operational 960-Mc Maser System for Deep-Space Tracking Missions

An operational 960-Mc low-noise receiving system for use in deep-space tracking missions is described. A ruby-cavity maser, low-noise antenna, low-loss transmission line connecting the antenna to the maser and associated instrumentation all combine to yield reliable and low-noise performance. Results of tests on this system in preparation for the Ranger RA-3 lunar probe are presented. The system was successfully used during operations with RA-3. A minimum system temperature of 47°K has been achieved.
Systematics and phylogeny of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep waters

Abstract The phylogenetic relationships of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are studied, based on the examination of the type species of all the genera previously described. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports that the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are a monophyletic group and the sister group of the clade formed by Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Halgerda Bergh, 1880. Several genera previously considered as valid or regarded as uncertain are here synonymized Peronodoris Bergh, 1904, Trippa Bergh, 1877, Phlegmodoris Bergh, 1878, Petelodoris Bergh, 1881, Kentrodoris Bergh, 1876, Audura Bergh, 1878, Centrodoris P. Fischer, 1883, Anisodoris Bergh, 1898, Awuka Er. Marcus, 1955, Rhabdochila P. Fischer, 1883, Boreodoris Odhner, 1939, Dictyodoris Bergh, 1880, Gravieria Vayssiere, 1912, Aporodoris Ihering, 1886. The following genera are regarded as valid Asteronotus , Atagema J.E. Gray, 1850, Jorunna Bergh, 1876, Platydoris Bergh, 1877, Diaulula Bergh, 1878, Rostanga Bergh, 1879, Halgerda Bergh, 1880, Baptodoris Bergh, 1884, Gargamella Bergh, 1894, Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904, Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904, Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955, Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977. The new genus Nophodoris is described based on two new species from New Caledonia deep waters. Two additional new species from New Caledonia belonging to the genera Atagema and Gargamella are also described. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are discussed, and several type species, neotypes and lectotypes are selected.
The Color of Discipline: Sources of Racial and Gender Disproportionality in School Punishment

The disproportionate discipline of African-American students has been extensively documented; yet the reasons for those disparities are less well understood. Drawing upon one year of middle-school disciplinary data for an urban school district, we explored three of the most commonly offered hypotheses for disproportionate discipline based on gender, race, and socioeconomic status. Racial and gender disparities in office referrals, suspensions, and expulsions were somewhat more robust than socioeconomic differences. Both racial and gender differences remained when controlling for socioeconomic status. Finally, although evidence emerged that boys engage more frequently in a broad range of disruptive behavior, there were no similar findings for race. Rather, there appeared to be a differential pattern of treatment, originating at the classroom level, wherein African-American students are referred to the office for infractions that are more subjective in interpretation. Implications for teacher training and structural reform are explored.
MIDDLE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION REACHING THE OCEAN SURFACE

— Direct measurements of the downwelling spectral irradiance in the middle UV (280–340 nm) have been made for a range of solar zenith angles (20°-70°). These measurements were made for a marine atmosphere at equatorial latitudes. We fit these data to two semi-empirical analytic representations, from which quantitative calculations of spectral irradiance in the middle UV incident at the ocean surface can be made. The formulae accommodate variation in wavelength, solar zenith angle, ozone thickness, aerosol thickness and surface albedo. Our purpose is to provide marine photobiologists and photochemists with a basis for estimating middle UV radiation levels reaching the ocean surface and the approximate changes caused by manmade alterations of the ozone layer.
BRINING PROPERTIES OF CUCUMBERS EXPOSED TO PURE OXYGEN BEFORE BRINING

Replacement of the internal gas atmosphere of pickling cucumbers with O2 (O2-exchanged) greatly altered their brining properties. Oxygen-exchanged cucumbers absorbed brine rapidly, apparently as a result of reduced pressure inside the cucumbers due to respiratory conversion of O2 to CO2. The brine uptake reached a maximum and approximated the gas volume reported for fresh cucumbers (4-5%) within 24 hr. Upon brining, the O2 -exchanged cucumbers acquired a translucent internal appearance of fully-cured, brine-stock cucumbers within a few days, as compared to several months for untreated brine stock. The O2 -exchanged cucumbers were less susceptible to bloater damage than control cucumbers during brine fermentation. The density of O2 -exchanged cucumbers was significantly greater than that of control cucumbers within a day after brining, due to the greater brine absorption. No important effects of O2 treatment were noted regarding rate and extent of fermentation.
Detecting Dementia With the Mini-Mental State Examination in Highly Educated Individuals

Objective To evaluate the utility of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in detecting cognitive dysfunction in a sample of highly educated individuals. Design Archival data were reviewed on 4248 participants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer Disease Research Center and Alzheimer Disease Patient Registry. Patients A total of 1141 primarily white (93%) individuals with 16 or more years of self-reported education were identified. These included 307 (164 men and 143 women) patients with dementia (any type), 176 (106 men and 70 women) patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 658 (242 men and 416 women) control participants without dementia. Setting Mayo Clinic Alzheimer Disease Research Center and Alzheimer Disease Patient Registry cohort. Main Outcome Measures Diagnostic accuracy estimates (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive power) of MMSE cut scores in detecting cognitive dysfunction. Results In this sample of highly educated, largely white older adults, the standard MMSE cut score of 24 (23 or below) yielded a sensitivity of 0.66, a specificity of 0.99, and an overall correct classification rate of 89% in detecting dementia. A cut score of up to 27 (26 or below) resulted in an optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity (0.89 and 0.91, respectively) with an overall correct classification rate of 90%. In a cognitively impaired group (dementia and mild cognitive impairment), a cut score of 27 (sensitivity, 0.69; specificity, 0.91) or 28 (sensitivity and specificity, 0.78) might be more appropriate. Conclusion Older patients with a college education who present with complaints of cognitive decline (reported by themselves or others) and score less than 27 on the MMSE are at a greater risk of being diagnosed with dementia and should be referred for a comprehensive dementia evaluation, including formal neuropsychological testing.
Allogeneic Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently considered part of the standard care in the management of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Autologous transplantation has extended overall survival and progression-free survival by 1–1.5 years compared to conventional dose chemotherapy in randomized clinical studies 1 – 3 in patients up to 65 years of age. Unfortunately, long-term survival for patients treated with autologous HSCT is rare, and virtually all patients relapse. Allogeneic (Allo-) HSCT can induce long-term molecular remission and is possibly the only curative treatment for MM based on the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) or graftversus-myeloma (GVM) effects mediated by the allogeneic donor immune cells, particularly donor T-cells. Advantages of allogeneic HSCT in comparison to autologous HSCT are a tumor-free stem cell source and the GVM effect. Current clinical research is trying to define the clinical outcomes of patients allocated to allogeneic transplantations based on the availability of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor versus patients without a suitable donor who undergo one or two autologous transplantations. 4 , 5 Recent publications indicated that durable engraftment and less regimen-related toxicity can be obtained in allogeneic transplantation using reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen that do not result in myeloablation. 6 – 8 Despite reduced early mortality, significant rates of graft-versus-host (GVH) disease and late relapse remain problems following RIC regimens, highlighting the need for novel strategies to enhance and target the GVM effect in allogeneic transplantation. This chapter will highlight the antigenic targets for GVM and review the clinical experience with donor leukocyte infusions, myeloablative transplants, nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens, and the use of tandem auto-allo transplants for this disease.
Current thinking on chronic renal allograft rejection: Issues, concerns, and recommendations from a 1997 roundtable discussion

Chronic rejection accounts for most renal allograft losses after the first year posttransplantation. On March 24 and 25, 1997, a roundtable of five transplant surgeons, two nephrologists, and one pathologist assembled in Dallas, Texas, to review critical issues surrounding chronic renal allograft rejection. This article summarizes the presentations and relevant discussions of this meeting regarding the cause of chronic rejection, clinical diagnoses, risk factors, future prospects for intervention strategies, and general recommendations for the transplant community. Growing evidence indicates that chronic rejection is the aggregate sum of irreversible immunologic and nonimmunologic injuries to the renal graft over time. A history of acute rejection episodes and inadequate immunosuppression, likely attributable to inconsistent cyclosporine exposure or poor patient compliance, are among the most recognizable immunologic risk factors for chronic rejection. Donor organ quality, delayed graft function, and other donor and recipient variables leading to reduced nephron mass are nonimmunologic factors that contribute to the progressive deterioration of renal graft function. Clinical management of renal transplant recipients should incorporate both immunologic- and nonimmunologic-based intervention strategies aimed at minimizing risk factors to thwart the progression of chronic rejection and improve long-term allograft and patient survival.
Achieving Higher-Order Convergence Rates for Density Estimation with Binned Data

Abstract A method is proposed for achieving fast—O(n –8/9) and faster—asymptotic mean integrated squared error (AMISE) convergence rates in density estimation using data condensed to standard histogram bin counts and edges. The method involves the two elements of B splines and the correct mass proportions property, in which the probability mass for the histogram bins equals exactly the fraction of the data found in those bins. It is shown that the asymptotic bias of such an estimate using a spline of order p and bin width h will be O(hP ), resulting in optimal AMISE of O(n –2p/2p+1) form. Theoretical and numeric comparisons to kernel-based and other estimators show that the histospline estimator is usually comparable and often superior. An extension to the multivariate density estimation setting is described.
Quantitative Mineralogy of Surface Sediments on the Iceland Shelf, and Application to Down-Core Studies of Holocene Ice-Rafted Sediments

Abstract Quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses on the < 2 mm sediment fraction from the Iceland shelves are reported for subglacial diamictons, seafloor surface sediments, and the last 2000 cal yr BP from two cores. The overall goal of the paper is to characterize the spatial variability of the mineralogy of the present-day surface sediments (18 non-clay minerals and 7 clay minerals), compare that with largely in situ erosional products typified by the composition of subglacial diamictons, and finally examine the late Holocene temporal variability in mineral composition using multi-mineral compositions. The subglacial diamictons are dominated in the non-clay-mineral fraction by the plagioclase feldspars and pyroxene with 36.7 ± 6.1 and 17.9 ± 3.5 wt % respectively, with smectites being the dominant clay minerals. The surface seafloor sediments have similar compositions although there are substantial amounts of calcite, plus there is a distinct band of sites from NW to N-central Iceland that contain 1–6 wt% of quartz. This latter distribution mimics the modern and historic pattern of drift ice in Iceland waters. Principal component analysis of the transformed wt% (log-ratio) non-clay minerals is used to compare the subglacial, surface, and down-core mineral compositions. Fifty-eight percent of the variance is explained by the first two axes, with dolomite, microcline, and quartz being important "foreign" species. These analyses indicate that today the NW–N-central Iceland shelf is affected by the import of exotic minerals, which are transported and released from drift ice. The down-core mineralogy indicates that this is a process that has varied over the last 2000 cal yr BP.
A Consideration of Two Concepts of Normality As It Applies to Adolescent Sexuality

Abstract Cross-cultural and cross-species developmental data are examined with the goal of defining tentatively the process of psychosexual development that might be considered species-specific for Homo sapiens. In comparison with this speculative norm, it is hypothesized that much of what is regarded as normal adolescent sexuality in the United States middle class represents psychologically delayed childhood. The pathogenic implications are discussed with respect to the expectable consequences of emotional development that must take place significantly past its critical or optimal period, and research possibilities are suggested.
Identification and Functional Characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans Riboflavin Transporters rft-1 and rft-2

Two potential orthologs of the human riboflavin transporter 3 (hRFVT3) were identified in the C. elegans genome, Y47D7A.16 and Y47D7A.14, which share 33.7 and 30.5% identity, respectively, with hRFVT3. The genes are tandemly arranged, and we assign them the names rft-1 (for Y47D7A.16) and rft-2 (for Y47D7A.14). Functional characterization of the coding sequences in a heterologous expression system demonstrated that both were specific riboflavin transporters, although the rft-1 encoded protein had greater transport activity. A more detailed examination of rft-1 showed its transport of riboflavin to have an acidic pH dependence, saturability (apparent Km=1.460.5 mM), inhibition by riboflavin analogues, and Na + independence. The expression of rft-1 mRNA was relatively higher in young larvae than in adults, and mRNA expression dropped in response to RF supplementation. Knocking down the two transporters individually via RNA interference resulted in a severe loss of fertility that was compounded in a double knockdown. Transcriptional fusions constructed with two fluorophores (rft-1::GFP, and rft-2::mCherry) indicated that rft-1 is expressed in the intestine and a small subset of neuronal support cells along the entire length of the animal. Expression of rft-2 is localized mainly to the intestine and pharynx. We also observed a drop in the expression of the two reporters in animals that were maintained in high riboflavin levels. These results report for the first time the identification of two riboflavin transporters in C. elegans and demonstrate their expression and importance to metabolic function in worms. Absence of transporter function renders worms sterile, making them useful in understanding human disease associated with mutations in hRFVT3.
Topotecan (Hycamptin) and Topotecan‐Containing Regimens in the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies

Single-agent topotecan is an active drug in chemotherapy-naive MDS and CMML and, to a lesser degree, in refractory/relapsed acute leukemias, low-/intermediate-grade lymphoma, and myeloma. Its combination with cytosine arabinoside induces complete remissions in high-risk MDS/CMML. A triple-combination regimen of cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, and topotecan (CAT) was extensively tested in refractory/relapsed as well as in untreated AML. By proving effective in inducing complete remission in newly diagnosed AML at rates comparable to those achieved by anthracycline-cytosine arabinoside regimens, for example, CAT offers a useful treatment alternative. Topotecan combined with paclitaxel is promising in low-/intermediate-grade lymphomas. The activity of topotecan justifies further evaluation of topotecan-containing combination regimens, particularly in MDS/CMML and acute leukemias.
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Immunoglobulin Promoter Activation in Association with the Transcription Factor Bright

Bright (B-cell regulator of immunoglobulin heavy chain transcription) binding to immunoglobulin heavy chain loci after B-cell activation is associated with increased heavy chain transcription. Our earlier reports demonstrated that Bright coimmunoprecipitates with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and that these proteins associate in a DNA-binding complex in primary B cells. B cells from immunodeficient mice with a mutation in Btk failed to produce stable Bright DNA-binding complexes. In order to determine if Btk is important for Bright function, a transcription activation assay was established and analyzed using real-time PCR technology. Cells lacking both Bright and Btk were transfected with Bright and/or Btk along with an immunoglobulin heavy chain reporter construct. Immunoglobulin gene transcription was enhanced when Bright and Btk were coexpressed. In contrast, neither Bright nor Btk alone led to activation of heavy chain transcription. Furthermore, Bright function required both Btk kinase activity and sequences within the pleckstrin homology domain of Btk. Bright was not appreciably phosphorylated by Btk; however, a third tyrosine-phosphorylated protein coprecipitated with Bright. Thus, the ability of Bright to enhance immunoglobulin transcription critically requires functional Btk.
Using qualitative methods to assess student learning in higher education

In an era of increased accountability in higher education, stronger and more compelling evidence of what and how students learn is needed. Ways in which qualitative approaches can be used to assess student learning are described in this chapter.
Study of control parameters for separation mitigation using an asymmetric single dielectric barrier plasma actuator

Separation mitigation using asymmetric dielectric barrier discharges is studied by considering the neutral gas flow past a flat plate at an angle of attack. A self-consistent plasma actuator model is employed to couple the electric force field to the momentum of the neutral gas. The equations governing the motion of electrons, ions and neutrals are solved with Poisson's equation to study effective control of flow separation. The impact of select parameters such as amplitude of the excitation, dielectric constants, the initial ionization level and the electrode shape is elucidated. It is found that the dielectric surface just downstream of the exposed electrode becomes negatively charged during part of the cycle for the chosen work parameters and a time averaged force acts on the plasma predominantly downstream, with a transverse component towards the wall. The momentum of the plasma couples to neutral gas through collisions, which results in the enhancement of near-wall momentum yielding a wall-jet feature that effectively eliminates the separation bubble.
Organization of the Cochlear Nucleus for Information Processing

The representation of complex stimuli has been studied in detail at the level of the auditory nerve. Although many aspects of stimulus coding in the auditory nerve remain to be worked out, the general outlines seem clear (see Sachs, 1984, for a review). It is generally accepted that the basic organizing principle of the auditory system is tonotopicity (Imig et al., 1982; Merzenich et al., 1982), so the representation of a complex stimulus can be considered as a profile of neural activity against a tonotopic axis. The tonotopic axis is created by the frequency analysis of the basilar membrane and is represented neurally by the tuning of neural elements. The peripheral tonotopic axis is preserved in the central nervous system, in that each central auditory nucleus contains an orderly tonotopic array in which the best frequencies of cells are laid out in a monotonic fashion (Merzenich et al., 1982).
Socioeconomic status and the prevalence of health problems among married couples in late midlife.

Objectives. This study analyzed the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of mutually occurring health problems among married couples in late midlife. Methods. Data consisted of 4746 married couples aged 51 to 61 years from the 1992 US Health and Retirement Study. Two health measures were used: (1) self-assessed health status and (2) an index of functional limitations and activity restrictions. SES indicators were household income, education, and insurance coverage. Results. In general, after adjustment for age cohort, a strong association was found between the health of a married individual and the health of his or her spouse. SES was highly associated with the joint occurrence of health problems among marriage partners. Conclusions. Public health policy should pay particular attention to the interaction between health, SES, and interpersonal relationships. (Am J Public Health. 2001;91:131‐135)
Seeing Stars in the Han Sky

In 1995 archaeologists excavated an extraordinarily well-preserved Eastern Han tomb in the ancient Xinjiang oasis settlement of Niya 尼 雅.1 Buried by drifting sands since at least the third century, in Han times the silk route town of Niya was one of the most remote outposts of Chinese civilization. The clothing and accessories of the tomb occupant, who was Europoid, were in perfect condition. From the standpoint of Han astral beliefs, the most notable item is a multicolored silk brocade armguard on which the epigram wu xing chu dong fang li zhong guo 五 星出東方利中國 (“When the Five Planets appear in the east it is beneficial for China”) is woven into the fabric along with images of sun and moon, tiger, dragon, crane, peacock, and unicorn. One could hardly ask for more vivid proof of the pervasiveness of astrological thinking in Han times than this fashion statement from the period. The astral motif not only confirms that rare gatherings of the five visible planets held great significance in the popular mind, but also shows that such conceptions permeated all levels of society and reached the most far-flung outposts of the Han empire.2 This epigram itself recalls a statement in
The Role of Surgery in Management of Samter's Triad: A Systematic Review.

ObjectiveAspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) represents a severe form of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) characterized by nasal polyposis, bronchial asthma, and aspirin intolerance. This syndrome, known as Samter’s triad, is more difficult to manage than routine CRS and poses a challenge to the treating clinician. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the role of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with AERD who are on adjuvant medical therapies.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register, Cochrane Technology Assessments, Cochrane Economic Evaluations, Cochrane Groups, and Clinicaltrials.gov.Review MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed using the 2009 PRISMA guidelines. Studies with both preoperative and postoperative data for patients with AERD who underwent sinus surgery were con...
Middle ear fluid.

The underachiever or the child with a behavior problem may have conduction deafness due to accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. The initial treatment for this common disorder is medical, but it may be necessary to make an incision in the ear drum and insert a small tube to equalize pressure and put the eustachian tube at rest for a number of months.
Dissociation Quotients of Succinic Acid in Aqueous Sodium Chloride Media to 225°C

The first and second molal dissociation quotients of succinic acid were measured potentiometrically with a hydrogen-electrode, concentration cell. These measurements were carried out from 0 to 225°C over 25° intervals at five ionic strengths ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 molal (NaCl). The dissociation quotients from this and two other studies were combined and treated with empirical equations to yield the following thermodynamic quantities for the first acid dissociation equilibrium at 25°C: log K1a=−4.210±0.003; ΔH 1a 0 =2.9±0.2 kJ-mol−1; ΔS 1a 0 =−71±1 J-mol−1-K−1; and ΔC p1a 0 =−98±3 J-mol−1-K−1; and for the second acid dissociation equilibrium at 25°C: log K2a=−5.638±0.001; ΔH 2a 0 = −0.5±0.1 kJ-mol−1; ΔS 2a 0 =−109.7±0.4 J-mol−1-K−1; and ΔC p2a 0 = −215±8 J-mol−1-K−1.
Poetics & Politics: Documentary Research Symposium, May 15–17, 2015, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA

The Poetics & Politics: Documentary Research Symposium was a jam-packed, three-day conference highlighting a wide range of approaches to documentary practice within an academic context. Co-curated ...
Predicting Ibnyr Events and Delays: I. Continuous Time

An IBNYR event is one that occurs randomly during some fixed exposure interval and incurs a random delay before it is reported. Both the rate at which such events occur and the parameters of the delay distribution are unknown random quantities. Given the number of events that have been reported during some observation interval, plus various secondary data on the dates of the events, the problem is to estimate the true values of the unknown parameters and to predict the number of events that are still unreported. A full-distributional Bayesian model is used, and it is shown that the amount of secondary data is critical. A recursive procedure calculates the predictive density; however, an explicit formula for the predictive mode can be obtained. The main computational work is the evaluation of an integral involving the prior density of the delay parameters, but this can be simplified in the exponential case using Gammoid approximations.
The Baghdad Pact and the Alpha Plan

If the year 1956 was a turning point in the contemporary history of the Middle East, the events immediately following the signing of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty set the stage for the Suez Crisis. The United States and Egypt who had tentatively cooperated with one another, embarked on their individual and conflicting paths. The latent tensions, masked over while the two powers concentrated on the Suez base dispute, began to surface. Washington moved to a two-part strategy of crafting a regional defense alignment based on the Northern Tier countries while attempting to achieve a settlement between Israel and its neighbors. The defense network was critical, as it offered the area at least a modicum of protection while the more vexing Arab-Israeli conflict was being addressed energetically. Free from the restriction of the British presence, Egypt, however, embraced a more active pan-Arabist policy that militated against acquiescence to a Western defense network or reconciliation with the Zionist state. The incompatibility between a superpower pursuing Cold War objectives and a regional power devoted to principles of Arab nationalism ultimately caused the collapse of US-Egyptian relations.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Methyl ethyl ketone is also known as 2-butanone, butan-2-one, ethyl methyl ketone, and MEK. It is used as a solvent in processes involving gums, resins, cellulose acetate, and cellulose nitrate. It is also used extensively in the synthetic rubber industry; in production of paraffin wax and high-grade lubricating oil; and in household products such as surface-coating compounds (lacquer and varnishes), paint remover, and glues. Its structure and properties are in Table 1.
CD82 Is a Marker for Prospective Isolation of Human Muscle Satellite Cells and Is Linked to Muscular Dystrophies

Cell-surface markers for prospective isolation of stem cells from human skeletal muscle have been difficult to identify. Such markers would be powerful tools for studying satellite cell function during homeostasis and in pathogenesis of diseases such as muscular dystrophies. In this study, we show that the tetraspanin KAI/CD82 is an excellent marker for prospectively isolating stem cells from human fetal and adult skeletal muscle. Human CD82+ muscle cells robustly engraft into a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. shRNA knockdown of CD82 in myogenic cells reduces myoblast proliferation, suggesting it is functionally involved in muscle homeostasis. CD82 physically interacts with alpha7beta1 integrin (α7β1-ITG) and with α-sarcoglycan, a member of the Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex (DAPC), both of which have been linked to muscular dystrophies. Consistently, CD82 expression is decreased in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. Together, these findings suggest that CD82 function may be important for muscle stem cell function in muscular disorders.
COMS Day as a communication senior capstone team project

Courses: Senior SeminarObjectives: (1) To provide graduating students a semester-long capstone experience where they can apply communication theories/skills in a professional context. (2) To create a capstone project that contributes to programmatic assessment.
“The Destruction of a Legacy”: Agenda Setting and the Bill Cosby Sexual Assault Allegations

Utilizing agenda setting theory, this study investigates the Bill Cosby sexual assault allegation scandal and how the scandal is framed by the media. In order to examine if and how varied networks reported differently on the Cosby scandal, sixty articles from three, distinct networks (CNN, FOX News, E!) were analyzed and coded under seven different categories. Results demonstrate a significant difference among the analyzed networks and media frames most reported in the sample for this study. Although all networks address Cosby’s rise and fall of an American hero, agendas set and story frames presented varied. Specifically, CNN highlighted victims’/survivors’ powerful voice whereas E! and FOX News highlighted Cosby’s support from the black community, celebrities and co-stars. Additional results, discussion and future directions follow.
History and Process in Village Formation: Context and Contrasts from the Northern Southwest

Cameron, Catherine M., and Duff, Andrew (2008). History and Process in Village Formation: Context and Contrasts from the Northern Southwest. American Antiquity 73 (1):29-57.
Peer-led, transformative learning approaches increase classroom engagement in care self-management classes during inpatient rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury.

Objective: Evaluate effects of revised education classes on classroom engagement during inpatient rehabilitation for individuals with spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D).Design: Multiple-baseline, q...
Comparing postoperative voiding dysfunction after mid-urethral sling using either a Babcock or Kelly clamp tensioning technique.

The objective was to compare postoperative urinary retention using the Babcock and Kelly clamps for retropubic midurethral sling (RPS) tensioning. This was a retrospective cohort of isolated RPS procedures from December 2010 through April 2016 by five fellowship-trained surgeons at two institutions. Slings were tensioned with a Babcock clamp by grasping a 3-mm midline fold of mesh (RPS-B) or a Kelly clamp as a spacer between the sling and suburethral tissue (RPS-K). Assessment of urinary retention included the primary outcome of postoperative catheterization and several secondary outcomes, including discharge home with a catheter, within 1 year of surgery. Analysis of covariance was used to compute the mean difference in duration of catheterization and log-binomial regression was used to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We included 240 patients. The RPS-B group had a lower body mass index and was more likely to be menopausal, have had pelvic organ prolapse surgery, and have a lower maximum urethral closure pressure than the RPS-K group. The mean duration of catheterization was similar, as demonstrated by the crude (0.21 days [−0.30–0.71]) and BMI-adjusted (0.07 days [−0.41–0.55]) mean difference in duration of catheterization. The incidence of postoperative OAB symptoms was comparable between the groups (BMI-adjusted RR: 0.95 (0.80–1.1)), and the incidence of revision did not differ (p = 0.7). The Babcock and Kelly clamp tensioning techniques appear comparable, with a low incidence of prolonged postoperative catheterization. Most catheters were removed on the day of the surgery. It is reasonable to tension retropubic midurethral slings with either method.
Effect of cobalt content on the electrochemical properties and structural stability of NCA type cathode materials

At present, the most common type of cathode materials, NCA (Li1-xNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2, x = 0 to 1), have a very high concentration of cobalt. Since cobalt is toxic and expensive, the existing design of cathode materials is neither cost-effective nor environmentally benign. We have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate electrochemical, electronic, and structural properties of four types of NCA cathode materials with the simultaneous decrease in Co content along with the increase in Ni content. Our results show that even if the cobalt concentration is significantly decreased from 16.70% (NCA_I) to 4.20% (NCA_IV), variation in intercalation potential and specific capacity is not significant. For example, in the case of 50% Li concentration, the voltage drop is only ∼17% while the change in specific capacity is negligible. Moreover, we have also explored the influence of sodium doping in the intercalation site on the electrochemical, electronic, and structural properties. By considering two extreme cases of NCAs (i.e., with highest and lowest Co content: NCA_I and NCA_IV, respectively), we have demonstrated the importance of Na doping from the structural and electronic point of view. Our results provide insight into the design of environmentally benign, low-cost cathode materials with reduced cobalt concentration.
The role of parental and perinatal characteristics on Langerhans cell histiocytosis: characterizing increased risk among Hispanics.

Abstract Purpose Potential roles of inherited and environmental risk factors in pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), a myeloid neoplastic disorder, are undefined. We therefore evaluated the role of parental and perinatal factors on the risk of this childhood cancer. Methods Information on LCH cases (n = 162) for the period 1995–2011 was obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry. Birth certificate controls were frequency-matched on year of birth at a ratio of 10:1 for the same period. Variables evaluated included parental age, race/ethnicity, size for gestational age, and birth order. Logistic regression was used to generate an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) testing the association between each factor and LCH. Results Few perinatal or parental factors were associated with LCH risk, with the exception of race/ethnicity. Mothers of Hispanic ethnicity were more likely to have children who developed LCH compared to non-Hispanic whites (aOR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.02–2.25). This risk increased when both parents were Hispanic (aOR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.13–2.87). Non-Hispanic black mothers were suggested as less likely to give birth to offspring who developed LCH compared to non-Hispanic whites (aOR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.24–1.02). Conclusions LCH is characterized by somatic mutations in MAPK pathway genes in myeloid precursors. Increased risk for LCH in children of Hispanic parents suggests potential impact of inherited factors on LCH pathogenesis.
On D-Trees, Beans, And B-Accents

This paper presents a comprehensive pragmatic theory ofcontrastive topic and its relation to focus in English.In discussing various constructions involving contrastive topics,it argues that they make reference to complex, hierarchicalaspects of discourse structure. In this, it follows and spellsout a proposal sketched in Roberts (1996, p. 121ff),using the formal tools found in Buring (1994,1997b). It improves on existing accounts in the accuracy with which it predicts the non-occurrence of the accent patterns associated with focus and contrastive topic, and locates the analysis of contrastive topicswithin a broader picture of discourse and information structure.
Pope Francis’ Encyclical on the Environment as Private Environmental Governance

Author(s): Lin, Albert | Abstract: This Article analyzes Pope Francis’ 2015 environmental encyclical, “Laudato Si’,” as a form of private environmental governance. Focusing on the effects of the encyclical, this Article explores efforts to disseminate and implement the encyclical, its effects on public views regarding climate change and other environmental issues, and its invocation in policy debates. The encyclical relates to formal law in several ways: it can inform the law, it can raise (or lower) support for new laws, it can function as soft law and become a foundation for hard law, and it can motivate extra-legal efforts that complement the law while operating independently of it. This Article explores these various modes of influence and compares the efforts of the Roman Catholic Church (hereinafter “Catholic Church” or “Church”) to implement the encyclical with private environmental governance initiatives by transnational corporations.
[Analysis of TCOF1 mutation in a Chinese patient with Treacher-Collins syndrome].

Objective To detect potential mutation of TCOF1 gene in a Chinese family affected with Treacher-Collins syndrome. Methods Clinical data of the patient was collected. The analysis included history taking, clinical examination and genetic testing. All coding regions of the TCOF1 gene were subjected to PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Results A novel mutation c. 2261ins G (p.E95X) of the TCOF1 gene was discovered in the patient. The same mutation was not found in his parents and 100 healthy controls. Conclusion The c. 2261insG (p.E95X) mutation of the TCOF1 gene probably underlies the disease in the patient. Genetic testing can facilitate diagnosis and genetic counseling for families affected with TCS. Key words: Treacher-Collins syndrome; TCOF1 gene; Mutation
Effects of low-dose leucine supplementation on gastrocnemius muscle mitochondrial content and protein turnover in tumor-bearing mice

Many forms of cancer are associated with loss of lean body mass, commonly attributed to decreased protein synthesis and stimulation of proteolytic pathways within the skeletal muscle. Leucine has b...
Differential Power Analysis Mitigation Technique Using Three-Independent-Gate Field Effect Transistors

Hardware security vulnerabilities are a major concern for embedded computing devices which are now used in many application such as credit cards, SIM cards, or financial systems, putting sensible data at risk. Such systems are often targeted by differential power attacks, where the power trace can be monitored in order to get access to the sensible data. To alleviate this issue, a possible technique proposed in literature is to use a complementary gate (e.g., computing both XOR and XNOR operations in parallel) in order to have a symmetrical power trace for all possible input combinations. However, this technique results in a large area and power overhead since it approximatively requires twice the number of transistors. Recently, novel technologies such as Three-Independent-Gate Field Effect Transistors (TIGFETs) have been shown to be able to realize compact logic gates using less transistors when compared to Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this paper, we investigate the benefits of using TIGFETs in terms of hardware security. First, we show that using the complementary gate technique with TIGFETs can reduce the transistor count, the power trace variation, the switching power and leakage by 2×, 57%, 36% and 8× respectively, when compared to CMOS. In addition, we show that for the same transistor count and similar switching power, using TIGFETs can reduce the power trace variation and the leakage by 81% and 6.7× respectively when compared to CMOS.
Mine, Yours, or Ours? Perceptions of Student-Created Intellectual Property Ownership:

In this mixed-methods study, we examined student and administrator perceptions concerning student-created intellectual property (IP) ownership in the higher education setting. Survey results showed...
Applying Pharmacodynamics and Antimicrobial Stewardship to Pediatric Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis.

Orbital and preseptal cellulitis are most commonly caused by organisms that originate in the upper respiratory tract or from the skin. There is significant variation in antibiotics used, but ampicillin–sulbactam, ceftriaxone, metronidazole, clindamycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanate, cefuroxime, and vancomycin are often used in the treatment of these infections. The choice of antibiotic, however, is only one consideration. It is also important that antibiotics are dosed to optimize their pharmacodynamic target attainment. Like other serious infections, therapy can be transitioned from initial intravenous therapy to an oral regimen when there are clear signs of clinical and laboratory improvement. The total duration of therapy for these infections have also been decreasing in recent years with durations of approximately 2 weeks becoming more common, even for orbital or subperiosteal infections. Antimicrobial stewardship programs can work closely with providers who manage these infections to create pathways, choose optimal antibiotics and dosage, transition from intravenous to oral therapy, and provide shortest effective durations.
The Zebrafish Cardiovascular System

Abstract The cardiovascular system is vital and encompasses organs and endothelial structures responsible for blood, oxygen, nutrient, and immune cell transport. Over the past few decades, the zebrafish has become one of the premier model organisms to study blood and lymphatic vascular development. The small size, external fertilization, and optical transparency of zebrafish make them ideal for functional manipulation and real-time imaging of the vasculature during the entire developmental window. Numerous studies have taken advantage of these features to provide novel insights into the processes of vascular development, vessel stabilization, and vessel/heart regeneration. Here, we summarize the development of the cardiovascular system and the anatomical features of the adult vasculature and highlight currently available tools and resources that the zebrafish offers, to study cardiovascular development.
Three Generations' Age-Related Communication Patterns as Predictors of Grandchildren's Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves excessive alcohol consumption and loss of control over alcohol intake, and is most prevalent among young adults. Using data from grandparents, parents, and grand...
Parent perceptions of school/teacher effectiveness with Punjabi-Sikh students and their families

Participants in this study included Sikh/Punjabi parents who had a child enrolled in the K-12 school system. These parents were invited to complete a survey and participate in a focus group. The pu...