cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sulforaphane’s Stimulation of Nrf2/ARE-regulated Gene Expression is Synergistically Enhanced by Oxidizable Diphenol-Generated H2O2

The Nrf2 transcription factor is a master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, binding to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in the promoter region of these genes. Due to its therapeutic role in oxidative homeostasis, activation of this system has been highly investigated in many pre-clinical and clinical trials for common chronic diseases. Our objective is to understand the interplay of the two major categories of Nrf2/ARE activators: reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrophiles. Previous literature has largely focused on the individual effects of molecules in these categories. We hypothesized that they may act synergistically. Our model system utilizes sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables as the electrophile, and the oxidizable diphenol, 2,5-di- tert -butylhydroquinone (dtBHQ), whose oxidation produces ROS, but is unable to react with nucleophiles in its oxidized form. We find that dtBHQ synergistically enhances sulforaphane-mediated ARE reporter gene expression. Sulforaphane-mediated expression of the ARE-regulated genes AKR1C1 and HO-1 are also enhanced by dtBHQ. However, the concentration of dtBHQ required to enhance their expression differs greatly, indicating distinct mechanisms by which ROS enhance expression of these two genes. Moreover, dtBHQ widens the therapeutic window of sulforaphane. Our data indicate that H 2 O 2 generated by dtBHQ oxidation is responsible for these effects. Co-treatment with H 2 O 2 -scavenging catalase supports this conclusion, as does treatment of cells with exogenously added H 2 O 2 and sulforaphane. Interestingly, a suppressive effect of dtBHQ-generated ROS on ARE-regulated gene expression is also observed in the presence of catalase, suggesting that ROS other than H 2 O 2 are negatively impacting this gene expression.
Improved yield and control of spectra from high-intensity laser-generated neutron beams

Kinetic modeling of laser-ion beam generation from the “break-out afterburner” (BOA) has been modeled for several deuteron-rich solid-density target foils. Modeling the transport of these beams in a beryllium converter shows as much as a fourfold increase in neutron yield over the present state of the art through the use of alternative target materials. Additionally, species-separation dynamics during the BOA can be exploited to control the hardness of the neutron spectra, of interest for, for example, enhancing penetrability in shielded material in active neutron interrogation settings.
Sales Professionals’ Use of Social Media to Create and Deploy Social Capital in US and Indian Companies

The purpose of this research is to explore differences in social media use for the creation and deployment of social capital by salespeople in US and Indian sales organizations. A conceptual framework was developed that posits salespersons’ use of social media as an antecedent to the creation of social capital. Drawing upon theories of cross-cultural differences, we postulate different paths to social capital creation and deployment by sales professionals in the USA and India. The goal of the research is to provide a foundation for subsequent empirical investigation. The research is aimed at helping managers appreciate the use of social media in multinational organizations. The research project has enormous significance for both academics and practitioners. First, what is an appropriate use of social media by sales professionals is an urgent and immediate dilemma for managers. Second, illuminating the pathways from social media to social capital will help increase the accountability of the marketing function. Third, an appreciation of the differences between social media use by salespeople in US and Indian organizations can provide managers with a finer-grained understanding of the transformative potential of social technologies in global organizations. This conceptual framework can provide a strong foundation for a cross-cultural study.
The Corporate Networks and Symbolic Capital of British Business Leaders

Has globalization diminished the cohesion and influence of British corporate elites? I draw on data from The Times’ ranking of British business elites in the years preceding the 2008 financial cris...
Enabling efficient, large-scale high-spatial resolution wetland mapping using satellites.

Abstract Global coastal and freshwater wetlands provide ecosystem services valued at over $200,000 USD per hectare per year. Despite their value, wetlands continue to be lost at alarming rates worldwide, with as much as 71% of global wetland extent being converted to other land-cover types since 1900. Targeted conservation and restoration efforts, however, have proven successful, particularly in Europe and North America. Such efforts require accurate protocols to identify, assess, and map wetlands repeatedly to enable detection of change. High-resolution (i.e. 2-meter pixel) satellite imagery has proven effective to map wetlands at higher accuracies than historical 30-meter or coarser satellite data. We describe a method to process and classify high volumes of multispectral high-resolution satellite data to update wetland maps. We show the results of a study conducted with 130 2-meter resolution WorldView-2 satellite images to map forested wetland, upland, water, bare land, and developed lands in a 6500 km2 watershed. The processing of the map was completed in under 24 h and was more accurate at identifying forested wetland (78%) and upland (64%) than three previous, widely used maps of the same area (45–65%, and 49–53%, respectively). This method offers high potential for monitoring change in coastal areas and adjacent watersheds over large geographic scales.
Perceptions of Effective Leadership in Schools for Students with Visual Impairments: A National Study.

This study investigated the effectiveness of the leadership of principals and superintendents of schools for students who are visually impaired from their teachers’ perspectives. The findings indic...
Choosing the Time to Die: The Ethics and Economics of Suicide in Old Age

In recent discussions of distributive justice in health care, an ancient notion is again achieving currency: that when there are not enough resources to go around, the claims of the old — who no longer make economic contributions to society and who have already lived beyond a normal lifespan — diminish in comparison with the claims of the young. When not all needs and preferences can be satisfied, priorities in health care should go to those who remain productive and whose lives are not yet complete. This distributive issue about the relative strengths of claims of the elderly versus those of the young will be, no doubt, a central philosophical and economic issue for geriatrics in the 21st century — the topic to which this volume is addressed — and is very quickly becoming a pressing issue in the current century as well.
Sensory Aging: Vision

This article describes cumulative effects of aging that are manifest by a gradual functional decline in ocular tissues. Changes in the lens, trabecular meshwork, retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and optic nerve each contribute to impaired visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color vision. Altered extracellular matrix, gene expression, and response to oxidative damage may accelerate loss of neurons and supporting cells. A common theme is that accumulated oxidative damage in cells or their extracellular matrix can impair function, and may elicit inflammatory responses that lead to degenerative diseases, as seen in age-related macular degeneration (the most common cause of blindness in people over age 40).
Cellular Accommodation of Nitrogenase

The nutritional flexibility of most organisms permits them to utilize a variety of different nitrogen sources, and adaptation to a particular source usually requires only relatively modest modification in cellular physiology and biochemistry. However, when the source nutrient is dinitrogen, the changes involved in adaptation can be particularly far reaching, with profound effects not only on the physiology and biochemistry of organism, but on its structure as well. Perhaps most striking in this context are the adaptations of symbiotic systems, which produce complex anatomical structures, such as root nodules, whose sole purpose is to utilize N2. Even among the simplest N2-fixing organisms, the bacterial diazotrophs, significant modifications may occur. The large amount of nitrogenase produced is itself noteworthy, with the enzyme comprising 5% or more of readily extractable cell protein. Auxillary proteins are produced and the ATP demands of N2 fixation may require different or accelerated energy metabolism. Moreover, the sensitivity of nitrogenase to O2 may necessitate specialized metabolism or structures to protect the enzyme from O2. In this chapter observations dealing with the impact of N2 fixation on cell structure and function will be summarized and discussed.
Improving the Convergence Rate of Parareal-in-time Power System Simulation using the Krylov Subspace

The performance of parareal-in-time algorithms is determined on the number of sequential, coarse step iterations. A common tradeoff in designing an efficient parareal-in-time algorithm is between accuracy of the coarse solver and the number of iterations. Traditional parareal implementation for the power system simulation can also have difficulties handling complex power systems. In this paper, we propose a Krylov subspace enhanced parareal algorithm to reduce the number of coarse iterations. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a single-machine-infinite-bus system and the IEEE 10-machine 39-bus system. Noticeable decrease of number of iterations is observed in both cases.
Near-optimal lower bounds on the threshold degree and sign-rank of AC0

The threshold degree of a Boolean function f∶{0,1}n→{0,1} is the minimum degree of a real polynomial p that represents f in sign: sgn p(x)=(−1)f(x). A related notion is sign-rank, defined for a Boolean matrix F=[Fij] as the minimum rank of a real matrix M with sgn Mij=(−1)Fij. Determining the maximum threshold degree and sign-rank achievable by constant-depth circuits (AC0) is a well-known and extensively studied open problem, with complexity-theoretic and algorithmic applications. We give an essentially optimal solution to this problem. For any є>0, we construct an AC0 circuit in n variables that has threshold degree Ω(n1−є) and sign-rank exp(Ω(n1−є)), improving on the previous best lower bounds of Ω(√n) and exp(Ω(√n)), respectively. Our results subsume all previous lower bounds on the threshold degree and sign-rank of AC0 circuits of any given depth, with a strict improvement starting at depth 4. As a corollary, we also obtain near-optimal bounds on the discrepancy, threshold weight, and threshold density of AC0, strictly subsuming previous work on these quantities. Our work gives some of the strongest lower bounds to date on the communication complexity of AC0.
Making Lives, Changing a Landscape: An Environmental History of the Tualatin Valley, Washington County, Oregon

Sheltered by mountains on all sides, the 724-square mile Tualatin Valley has been home to successive groups of people who have shaped the landscape based on their needs, tools, and ideas about the human relationship to nature. Thousands of years of indigenous burning practices and cultivation of native plants, followed by two centuries of European-American fur trapping, agriculture, logging, and urbanization have created the Tualatin Valley landscape of today. Understanding how a history of changing land use has affected the region is integral to building an environmentally sustainable future.
Photon and dilepton observables: An experimental overview

Abstract Dilepton and direct photon measurements in heavy ion collisions provide access to the early stages of the collision. Dilepton continuum measurements at SPS and RHIC show an excess consistent with broadening of the rho meson spectral function as a result of hadronic interactions. Direct photon measurements at RHIC and the LHC show an excess of low p T photons over the expected yield. This excess has a large azimuthal anisotropy with respect to the collision plane. Understanding the direct photon excess and its anisotropy has become an outstanding question in the field of heavy ion physics. This proceeding consists of a summary of new dilepton and direct photon experimental results shown at the 2017 International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions and presents them in the context of our current understanding of these electromagentic probes.
Correction to: Physical activity and health-related quality of life in chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis.

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that the authors’ first names and last names are presented in wrong order. The presentation of names, thus, should be as follows:
Cultural values and ethnic identity are important considerations in the link between emotion dysregulation and loss of control eating in Asian/Asian American men.

Abstract Objective Preliminary data suggest that Asian/Asian American report among the highest rates of loss of control (LOC) eating, yet the psychosocial and sociocultural correlates of LOC eating are currently understudied. The present study sought to examine the link between emotion dysregulation and LOC eating in Asian/Asian American men. Adherence to traditional Asian cultural values and ethnic identity were evaluated as potential moderators. Methods 266 Asian/Asian American men (Mage = 24.4 ± 3.6y; MBMI = 24.2 ± 5.6 kg/m2) participated in the current study and completed an online survey. Results Negative binomial regression models generally supported the positive link between emotion dysregulation and LOC eating in Asian/Asian American men. However, lack of emotional awareness when distressed was found to be significantly and inversely associated with LOC eating frequency. Adherence to Asian cultural values moderated the association between emotional impulsivity and LOC eating frequency; this link was positive among those with low adherence to Asian values, and negative among those with high adherence to Asian values. Exploration of one's ethnic identity moderated the link between emotional awareness when distressed and LOC eating frequency; the association was flat among men with low exploration of their ethnic identity, and inverse among those with high exploration of their ethnic identity. Discussion Although mechanistic and prospective studies are needed, these findings provide support for the affect regulation model of LOC eating in Asian/Asian American men and suggest that there are culture-specific factors that may be relevant to the development and/or maintenance of this disordered eating behavior.
Computerized Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis of Co-Cultured Fresh and Frozen Bovine Sperm

Fresh and frozen-thawed bull sperm were incubated with bovine oviductal epithelial cells and segments from the oviducts to examine the usefulness of these culture systems to model sperm changes in vivo. Changes in sperm motion characteristics (comput- er-assisted sperm analysis (CASA)) and surface morphology (scan- ning electron microscopy (SEM)) were evaluated. In Experiment 1, fresh and frozen sperm were suspended in the Brackett and Oliphant medium or modified Tyrodes medium (mTALP) and incubated for 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours in direct contact with bovine oviductal-epithelial cell (BOEC) monolayers prepared from oviducts of cows in the per- iovulatory phase of estrus. The percentage of motile sperm de- creased gradually in mTALP, but decreased rapidly in Brackefi's de- fined medium after 3 hours of incubation, with overall averages of 55 and 32%, respectively. The percentage of motile fresh sperm exceeded frozen-thawed sperm under all conditions. In Experiment 2, sperm suspended with mTALP were incubated in dishes without monolayers (control), with monolayers, and within the segments of the oviduct for 0, 3, and 6 hours. In the epithelial cell monolayers, the percentage of motile sperm was similar to the controls through- out incubation, but after 3 hours in the oviductal segments, a de- crease, partly associated with more rapid rupture of acrosomal mem- branes occurred. Sperm velocity was higher (100 gm/seconds) in fresh sperm than in frozen sperm (85 p,m/seconds). Acrosomat changes, discernible with SEM after 3 hours of incubation, increased with time and were always found more often in frozen than in fresh sperm. The BOEC-monolayer system provided a useful in vitro mod- el to study pre-fertilization changes in sperm.
Chart Extraction/Clinician Survey Shows Symptom Impact and Favorable Treatment Outcomes with VMAT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Tardive Dyskinesia (14)

Objective: To describe symptom impact and treatment outcomes in patients prescribed vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Background: Based on clinical studies for two approved VMAT2 inhibitors (valbenazine, deutetrabenazine), these medications are recommended as first-line therapies for TD (Bhidayasiri, J Neurol Sci 2018). Data based on real-world experience with these drugs are now available. Design/Methods: From 24-Jul-2019 to 30-Aug-2019, clinicians who prescribed a VMAT2 inhibitor within the past 24 months were invited to complete a survey and provide charts of 1–10 TD patient(s) for data extraction. The clinician survey included questions regarding TD symptomatology and impact, psychiatric condition (primary and comorbid), and treatment outcomes. Data extracted from patients’ charts included demographics, treatment with a VMAT2 inhibitor (valbenazine, deutetrabenazine, tetrabenazine), and antipsychotic treatment. Results: Data for 601 adult TD patients were provided by 163 responding clinicians (113 psychiatrists; 46 neurologists; 4 primary care physicians). 50% of patients were male; mean age was 50.6 years; and most were taking an antipsychotic for schizophrenia (32%), bipolar disorder (29%), schizoaffective disorder (23%), and/or major depressive disorder (11%). Approximately two-thirds of patients had an additional psychiatric comorbidity, including anxiety (33%), depressive symptoms (28%), and substance abuse (18%). TD symptoms were most frequently found in the head/face/mouth region (82%). TD impacts included negative effects on socializing (84%) and engagement with family/friends (77%). TD symptom improvement with a VMAT2 inhibitor was reported in 540 (90%) patients, most of whom also had functional improvements in ≥1 area. Among patients with TD improvement, 374 (69%) had “much” or “significant” improvement in their psychiatric condition. Conclusions: In this real-world sample of patients, treatment with a VMAT 2 inhibitor improved TD symptoms and TD-related outcomes. These improvements also appeared to be associated with better psychiatric status. Clinicians/payers/professional organizations should consider symptom impact and treatment outcomes when evaluating TD therapies. Disclosure: Dr. Lundt has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employee of Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc..Dr. Franey has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employee of Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.. Dr. Yonan has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employee of Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc..
Disparities in Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in the Veterans Health Administration.

Objectives A variety of patients - including women, older, racial/ethnic minority, rural, homeless, and justice-involved patients - are vulnerable to experiencing poor healthcare access and quality, such as lower quality substance use disorder treatment, than other populations. The current study examined receipt of medications for opioid use disorder by vulnerable populations within Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities to determine whether there are patient and facility factors that are associated with disparities in care. Methods Using national VHA clinical/administrative data from Fiscal Year 2017, we calculated receipt of medications for opioid use disorder using the American Society for Addiction Medicine quality measure specifications. A mixed-effects logistic regression model tested whether patient vulnerability (ie, women, older age, racial/ethnic minority, rural residence, homeless, and justice-involved) and facility (eg, regional location, availability of a methadone clinic) characteristics were associated with medication receipt. Results Among the 53,568 veterans at VHA facilities diagnosed with opioid use disorder in Fiscal Year 2017, vulnerable populations - including women, older, Black, rural, homeless, and justice-involved veterans - had lower odds of receiving medications for opioid use disorder than their nonvulnerable counterparts. Veterans had higher odds of receiving medications at facilities with a higher proportion of patients with opioid use disorder, but lower odds of receiving medications at facilities in the Southern region compared to the Northeast region of the United States. Conclusions Quality improvement efforts targeted at vulnerable populations are needed at the VHA to ensure these groups receive the same quality of substance use disorder treatment as other veterans.
Control of Pain in Intravitreal Injections: Evaluation of Combination Topical Anesthetics and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drops: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Abstract Our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the utility of NSAID drops in pain control following intravitreal injection. The addition of topical NSAID to proparacaine drops and lidocaine ophthalmic gel had negligible effect on subjective pain.
MiFish metabarcoding: a high-throughput approach for simultaneous detection of multiple fish species from environmental DNA and other samples

We reviewed the current methodology and practices of the DNA metabarcoding approach using a universal PCR primer pair MiFish, which co-amplifies a short fragment of fish DNA (approx. 170 bp from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene) across a wide variety of taxa. This method has mostly been applied to biodiversity monitoring using environmental DNA (eDNA) shed from fish and, coupled with next-generation sequencing technologies, has enabled massively parallel sequencing of several hundred eDNA samples simultaneously. Since the publication of its technical outline in 2015, this method has been widely used in various aquatic environments in and around the six continents, and MiFish primers have demonstrably outperformed other competing primers. Here, we outline the technical progress in this method over the last 5 years and highlight some case studies on marine, freshwater, and estuarine fish communities. Additionally, we discuss various applications of MiFish metabarcoding to non-fish organisms, single-species detection systems, quantitative biodiversity monitoring, and bulk DNA samples other than eDNA. By recognizing the MiFish eDNA metabarcoding strengths and limitations, we argue that this method is useful for ecosystem conservation strategies and the sustainable use of fishery resources in “ecosystem-based fishery management” through continuous biodiversity monitoring at multiple sites.
Elevated liver enzymes in association with vasopressin use in a neonate

Vasopressin has been used in neonates for refractory hypotension. Elevation in liver enzymes due to mesenteric mucosal hypoperfusion has been associated with the use of vasopressin in adults. We present a case of a neonate that develop elevated liver enzymes in association with vasopressin use and migration of umbilical venous catheter.
Prevention, Medical Management and Adjudication of Workplace Injuries: A Thirty-Two Year Follow-up of an Integrated Workers' Compensation Program.

OBJECTIVE To describe the cost outcomes of an integrated workers' compensation program. METHODS We studied a population that increased from 20K to 59K, incurring 8807 lost-time claims between 1988 and 2020. RESULTS Lost-time claims decreased from 22.15 to 4.32 per 1000 employees (1988 to 2020), and total closed lost-time claim costs per $100 payroll, decreased from $0.62 to $0.17 (1988 to 2017). The percent of claims resolved within 3 years of the accident increased from 10% to 89% (1988 to 2017). Adjusting for medical inflation and wage increases, total workers' compensation benefits paid per claim decreased $124 per year, medical benefits decreased $45 per year and indemnity benefits decreased $79 per year. CONCLUSION On both a population (per employee) and on a per claim basis, workers' compensation costs decreased substantially, which is attributable to improvements in accident prevention and decreases in claim duration.
Utilization of heat-mapping tools to match a resident staffing template to emergency department arrival patterns.

Objectives Academic emergency departments (ED) rely on a steady flow of patients to provide residents with good clinical training. Understanding institutional volume patterns allows training directors to create a schedule that maximizes learning opportunities while also adequately staffing the ED. Our primary objective of this study was to utilize heat-mapping software to optimize resident staffing in an academic ED. Methods Heat-mapping tools within Microsoft Excel were utilized to overlay ED patient arrival patterns on top of the potential patients per hour based on published productivity data for trainees and historical averages for advanced practice providers at our institution. Time frames for under- and overstaffing were identified and color-coded. This analysis informed a revised schedule template and the same heat-mapping process was used to determine the appropriateness of the revised staffing template. Results The heat map for the original schedule template revealed understaffing in the morning and overstaffing the rest of the day. Informed by these findings, schedule adjustments were made. There was no net increase in the number of resident or advanced practice provider coverage hours. Prior to implementation, the ED was understaffed by 5% or more during 18.4% of operating hours. Following changes to the staffing template, only 5.9% of operating hours were understaffed (p < 0.001). Furthermore, significant understaffing (20% or more) decreased from 16.6% to 3.1% (p < 0.001). Conclusions Novel use of heat-mapping software has the potential to successfully match ED patient arrival patterns to an optimal resident staffing template. Future directions include incorporation of variable resident productivity to account for fatigue as the shift progresses.
TOOLS TO ASSESS BUDGETARY CONCERNS

The downgrade of Illinois’s IDR and related ratings reflects the unprecedented failure of the state to enact a full budget for two consecutive years and the financial implications of spending far in excess of available revenues, which has resulted in increased accumulated liabilities and reduced financial flexibility. Even if the current attempts at a resolution to the extended impasse prove successful, Fitch believes that the failure to act to date has fundamentally weakened the state’s financial profile. The Negative Watch reflects Fitch’s expectation that the state’s implementation of a solution, whether temporary or permanent, will be a challenge in the current political environment and that in the interim the state will continue to delay and defer payments in lieu of balancing the budget. While Fitch acknowledges that there is a plan being developed in the state Senate that contains elements that could ultimately resolve the impasse, its passage is uncertain and the timing of implementing solutions is unknown. Fitch expects to resolve the Rating Watch within the next six months based on an assessment of the state’s fiscal trajectory as it starts fiscal 2018. If the state continues on the current path, a further downgrade would be warranted. Illinois has failed to capitalize on the economic growth of recent years to bolster its financial position. Rather, the decision to allow temporary tax increases to expire and the subsequent failure to develop a budget that aligns revenues with expenditures have resulted in a marked deterioration in the state’s finances during this time of recovery. Once again, the state has displayed an unwillingness to utilize its extensive control over revenues and spending to address numerous fiscal challenges.
A systematic review and meta-analytic evaluation of psychosocial interventions in parents of children with cancer with an exploratory focus on minority outcomes.

Parents of children with cancer are prone to psychosocial distress, yet little is known about intervention response among diverse parents. Our systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of psychosocial interventions on anxiety and depression among parents of children with cancer and explored race and/or ethnicity differences in the efficacy of these interventions. Twenty articles met inclusion. The aggregate effect size on anxiety (-0.01, 95% CI: -0.95, 0.93, p = .97) and depression (-0.56, 95% CI: -1.65, 0.54, p = .32) showed micro to medium effects, with larger negative effect sizes indicating that anxiety and depression scores after treatment were lower for parents in intervention group as compared to control group. Neither aggregate effect size was statistically significantly different from zero. Due to underrepresentation of minorities, we could not perform subgroup or moderator analyses. Several efficacious psychosocial interventions were found to reduce parental anxiety. Future studies to examine psychosocial interventions in minority parents are warranted.
Effectiveness of youth psychotherapy delivered remotely: A meta-analysis.

Reports on remote psychotherapies for youth (e.g., technology-based treatment) suggest it is acceptable, feasible, and useful in overcoming logistical barriers to treatment. But how effective is remote care? To find out, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched from 1960 through 2020, supplemented by journal searches and reference trails, to identify randomized controlled trials of youth psychotherapy for anxiety (including obsessive-compulsive disorder and trauma), depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or conduct problems, in which all therapeutic contact occurred remotely. Articles (N = 37) published from 1988 through 2020, reporting 43 treatment-control group comparisons, were identified. Robust variance estimation was used to account for effect size dependencies and to synthesize overall effects and test candidate moderators. Pooled effect size was .47 (95% confidence interval [CI: .26, .67], p < .001) at posttreatment, .44 (95% CI [.12, .76], p < .05) at follow-up-comparable to effects reported in meta-analyses of in-person youth psychotherapy. Effects were significantly (a) larger for remote psychotherapies supported by therapeutic provider contact (.64) than for those accessed by youths, with only logistical support (.22), (b) larger for treatments with phone contact (.65) than for those without (.25), (c) larger for treatment of anxiety (.62) and conduct problems (.78) than ADHD (-.03), and (d) smaller for therapies involving attention/working memory training (-.18) than for those without (.60). Among studies with therapeutic contact, effects were significantly larger when therapists facilitated skill-building (e.g., practicing exposures or problem solving [.68]) than when therapists did not (.18). These findings support the effectiveness of remote psychotherapies for youths, and they highlight moderators of treatment benefit that warrant attention in future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Density Functional Theory for Field Theorists I

I summarize Density Functional Theory (DFT) in a language familiar to quantum field theorists, and introduce several apparently novel ideas for constructing {\it systematic} approximations for the density functional. I also note that, at least within the large $K$ approximation ($K$ is the number of electron spin components), it is easier to compute the quantum effective action of the Coulomb photon field, which is related to the density functional by algebraic manipulations in momentum space.
Randomized Parallel Selection

We show that selection on an input of size N can be performed on a P-node hypercube (P=N/(log N)) in time O(N/P) with high probability, provided each node can process all the incident edges in one unit of time (this model is called the parallel model and has been assumed by previous researchers (e.g., [17])). This result is important in view of a lower bound of Plaxton that implies selection takes Ω((N/P) log log P + log P) time on a P-node hypercube if each node can process only one edge at a time (this model is referred to as the sequential model).
Pulling on Hair(pins)

Using single-molecule techniques, [ Liphardt et al .][1] have analyzed the folding and unfolding reactions of a series of nested RNA molecules. In this Perspective, [ Fernandez et al .][2] discuss the surprising observation that the smallest of these RNAs, a simple hairpin structure, undergoes an all-or-nothing transition between the folded and the unfolded state, rather than the RNA strands unzipping. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/292/5517/733 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5517/653
Normalization of the Tumor Marker CA-125 after Oophorectomy in a Patient with Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration without Detectable Cancer

A 61-year-old woman developed severe subacute cerebellar degeneration in association with a neuronal antinuclear autoantibody. Neurologic investigations were remarkable only for mild CSF leukocytosis. Despite no radiographic evidence of cancer, a salpingo-oophorectomy was performed on the basis of an increased gynecologic cancer marker (CA-125) and the neurologic symptoms that were strongly suggestive of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Although no tumor was detected in the surgical specimen, CA-125 levels normalized after surgery. The patient remains stable 12 months after surgery with a severe cerebellar syndrome, no evidence of cancer, and persistent circulating antineuronal autoantibodies. An elevated tumor marker in a patient with a presumed paraneoplastic neurologic disorder should suffice as evidence of an occult neoplasm, and guide definitive treatment.
Historic Review of Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma was first described as a specific entity by James Wardrop in 1809, with enucleation as his suggested treatment. Histologic studies including those of Flexner and Verhoeff and subsequent electron microscopy have given insights into its pathogenesis. The establishment of cell lines of retinoblastoma, the "nude" mouse model, and other animal models have contributed additional information. Classic genetic and epidemiologic studies have led to a broad and intense interest in the tumor despite its relative infrequency. Attempts now in progress to identify and characterize the oncogene for retinoblastoma may prove to be the most exciting part of the history of retinoblastoma.
Host responses from innate to adaptive immunity after vaccination: Molecular and cellular events

The availability of effective vaccines has had the most profound positive effect on improving the quality of public health by preventing infectious diseases. Despite many successful vaccines, there are still old and new emerging pathogens against which there is no vaccine available. A better understanding of how vaccines work for providing protection will help to improve current vaccines as well as to develop effective vaccines against pathogens for which we do not have a proper means to control. Recent studies have focused on innate immunity as the first line of host defense and its role in inducing adaptive immunity; such studies have been an intense area of research, which will reveal the immunological mechanisms how vaccines work for protection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns on cells of the innate immune system, play a critical role in detecting and responding to microbial infections. Importantly, the innate immune system modulates the quantity and quality of longterm T and B cell memory and protective immune responses to pathogens. Limited studies suggest that vaccines which mimic natural infection and/or the structure of pathogens seem to be effective in inducing long-term protective immunity. A better understanding of the similarities and differences of the molecular and cellular events in host responses to vaccination and pathogen infection would enable the rationale for design of novel preventive measures against many challenging pathogens.
Mass spectrometry and photoionization studies of the ablation of ZnO: ions, neutrals, and Rydbergs

Abstract Time-of-flight/quadrupole mass spectrometry (TOFQMS) and photoionization studies have been performed on the ablation plume from a ZnO target to determine the mass, charge, and kinetic energies of the species ejected. Results were collected for ions and neutrals over a range of laser fluences (0.20–2.50 J/cm2) and the most prominent species were monatomic Zn and O atoms and ions; this study focuses on the energetics of Zn and Zn+. At laser fluences below ∼0.7 J/cm2, the Zn atoms had an average kinetic energy that depended logarithmically on the laser fluence, ranging from ∼1.2 eV near the desorption threshold of 0.25 J/cm2 to a maximum of ∼4 eV near the ablation threshold at 0.7 J/cm2. These kinetic energies were modeled in terms of a three-photon process at the surface. The Zn ions had similar kinetic-energy distributions to the neutrals, but of much lower intensity. At the ablation threshold, the ion signal rapidly increased and attained a peak kinetic energy of ∼17 eV. Slightly above this threshold, the ion kinetic energy broadened and separated into two distinct components centered about 17 eV. The high-energy species rapidly accelerated to over 100 eV over the 0.7–2.5 J/cm2 fluence range, while the low-energy component decelerated to an average value of ∼4 eV, limited by the presence of the slower-moving neutrals. Electron photodetachment experiments performed over this fluence range showed significant gas-phase electron–ion recombination and were used to reconcile some of the energetics observed.
The Sustainability of Food Served at Wedding Banquets

Wedding banquets are large contributors of pollution. Yet, no research measuring the sustainability of the food served at wedding banquets was found. This study calculated carbon emissions produced by the food served at 105 wedding banquets. The findings indicated that beef entrees comprised less than 20% of items served, yet accounted for nearly 90% of carbon emissions. While chicken was the most popular entree served, it had the least negative environmental impact of the animal proteins offered, including fish. Offering more sustainable menu items and educating clients/brides about ways to make their wedding banquets “greener” could benefit the environment.
An evaluation of liquid ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) as a candidate piscicide.

Abstract Eradication of populations of nonnative aquatic species for the purpose of reintroducing native fish is often difficult because very few effective tools are available for removing aquatic organisms. This creates the need to evaluate new chemicals that could be used as management tools for native fish conservation. Ammonia is a natural product of fish metabolism and is naturally present in the environment at low levels, yet is known to be toxic to most aquatic species. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of using liquid ammonia as a fisheries management tool by evaluating its effectiveness at killing undesirable aquatic species and its persistence in a pond environment. A suite of invasive aquatic species commonly found in the southwestern USA were introduced into two experimental outdoor ponds located at the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, Arizona. Each pond was treated with ammonium hydroxide (29%) at 38 ppm. This target concentration was chosen because previous studies ...
Environmental change in eastern Greenland during the last 1300 years: evidence from foraminifera and lithofacies in Nansen Fjord, 68°N

Lithofacies and benthic foraminiferal analyses of two sediment cores (BS1191-K13B and K14) from Nansen Fjord, eastern Greenland, show evidence of changing oceanographic and sea-ice conditions from ...
Patch testing: a retrospective analysis of 103 patients with emphasis on practical aspects for the clinician.

Background. Allergic contact dermatitis is a common dermatologic disorder caused by small chemical molecules that can penetrate the skin barrier. Thousands of chemicals capable of inducing allergic contact dermatitis have been identified. To cure allergic contact dermatitis, the allergen should be identified and eliminated from the environment of the patient. Patch testing, utilizing a variety of standard panels of the most frequent allergens, is used to identify the allergen in question. Patch testing is still the gold standard tool used to identify one or more substances that may contribute to the etiology of allergic contact dermatitis. Objective. To determine the frequency of patch test positivity and to identify the most common allergens in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis. Methods. A retrospective analysis of files of 103 patients who have been clinically diagnosed to have allergic contact dermatitis and have been patch tested using a standard technique with a Northern American Contact Dermatitis Group series. Results. Sixty-two patients (60.2%) showed positive reactions to one or more substance. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, and neomycin sulfate. There was an increased frequency of positive reactions to fragrance mix and a significant decrease of frequency of thimerosal positive reactions. Conclusions. Increased awareness of allergens and their potential sources may help to limit the usage of these chemicals in manufacturing consumer products. This may have contributed to decreased prevalence rates of certain allergens such as thimerosal and paraphenylenediamine.
Micro-electromechanics of sensor patches on free paraboloidal shell structronic systems

Distributed sensing of structural states is essential to vibration control, health monitoring and shape control of precision structronic systems. Paraboloidal shells of revolution are widely used in aerospace, telecommunication, etc. structures. However, distributed sensing of paraboloidal shell structures is rarely investigated over the years. Micro-sensing characteristics, sensor segmentation, sensor placements, shell geometric parameters, etc. of deep/shallow paraboloidal shells are evaluated in this study. Signal generation of generic distributed sensors laminated on paraboloidal shells is defined; microscopic signal components of segmented sensor patches laminated on deep/shallow paraboloidal shells with free boundary conditions are analysed. Parametric studies of micro-electromechanics and microscopic signal generations of segmented sensor patches reveal detailed modal sensing signal generation and efficiency of segmented sensor patches laminated at various shell locations of three paraboloidal shells (i.e. a shallow, a standard, and a deep).
The sommerfeld half‐plane problem revisited, II the factoring of a matrix of analytic functions

A half-plane under plane wave excitation obeys a Dirichlet boundary condition on one side and a Neumann boundary condition on the other. These boundary conditions contrast the ones used by A. Sommerfeld in his classical paper. The present problem leads to a system of integral equations of the Wiener-Hopf type which may be solved by a matrix factoring method suggested by A. E. Heins in 1950.
Electrochemical deposition of thin ZnTe films as a contact for CdTe solar cells

Abstract ZnTe films doped with Cu were deposited by an electrochemical method for the first time directly onto CdTe/CdS/ITO/glass substrates to form a low resistance contact to CdTe. The depositions were carried out in an aqueous solution of ZnCl2, TeO2 and CuCl2 or CuSO4 in which the substrate was externally short circuited to a Zn counter electrode to complete an electrochemical cell. Single phase films 50 nm to 300 nm thick were obtained for specific pH and TeO2 concentrations and bath temperature. Complexing the Cu2+ with triethanolamine (TEA) allowed reproducible deposition of p-type ZnTe:Cu films. ZnTe/Cu/CdTe/CdS solar cells fabricated using this method have achieved AM1.5 efficiencies of 8.7%.
Modelling the demand for broad money in the United States

The demand for money function occupies a central role in most theories of aggregate economic activity, especially in the formulation and execution of effective monetary policy. In this paper, estimates of the short- and long-run demand for broad money in the United States are obtained. The empirical evidence suggests that the relationship between the growth of money balances and its economic determinants is more stable than some have argued. Importantly, the out-of-sample forecasts presented here suggest that M2 growth in the 1980s is well predicted by an error-correction model that includes a variable representing the value of time and also uses real consumer spending as the short-run scale variable.
On the Rotation of the Atomic Nucleus

The spacing of the levels in the fine structure of alpha- and beta-ray processes and the existence of metastable nuclear states (isomers, isobars) are in contradiction with the existence of low lying levels corresponding to the rotation of the nucleus as a whole. The exchange of the nuclear constituents effected through rotation, together with the fact that the particles are not rigidly bound to equilibrium positions in the nucleus, will in some cases forbid, in other cases perturb the lowest levels, and cause the first state of excitation to lie considerably higher. Simple models illustrating these effects are discussed in II. In III an estimate is made for the position of the lowest excited level for heavy nuclei. It is found to vary inversely with the mass.
A modification of Potters' method for solving eigenvalue problems involving tridiagonal matrices.

Modification of Potter method of Gaussian elimination for solving eigenvalue problems of buckling and free vibrations of shells of revolution
Frequencies of Short-Period Rainfall Rates Along Lines

Abstract Two-minute rainfall rates have been measured along lines of recording rain gages in Florida and Illinois. Knowledge of the frequencies of occurrence of short-duration rainfall rates is needed for estimating attenuation of radio communications and radars. Rainfall rate frequencies are also useful in estimating the erosion of high-speed devices by rain. Results are presented for one summer of data taken at each location. The Florida lines were 9.6 and 21.5 km in length and the Illinois lines 23.9 and 62.2 km. These line frequencies are compared with single gage frequencies at each location. The frequencies by which various rates are exceeded are shown for those that occur more than 0.001% of the time. Rain at rates greater than 0.1 mm h−1 occurred less than 6% of the time at either location and for the longest line lengths. For similar line lengths, most rainfall rates have higher frequencies of occurrence in Florida than in Illinois. The rainfall rate frequencies were not significantly different f...