cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Goudstikker van Goyen in Gdańsk: A Case Study of Nazi-Looted Art in Poland

This article traces the provenance and migration of a painting by Jan van Goyen (1595–1656), River Landscape with a Swineherd, from the Jacques Goudstikker Collection and now in Gdansk Muzeum Narodowe. After the “red-flag sale” of the Goudstikker Collection in July 1940 to German banker Alois Miedl, and then to Hermann Goring, this painting—after its sale on Berlin’s Lange Auction in December 1940 to Hitler’s agent Almas-Dietrich—was returned to Miedl-Goudstikker in Amsterdam. Miedl then sold it (with two other Dutch paintings) to the Nazi Gauleiter of Danzig, Albert Forster, among many wartime Dutch acquisitions for the Municipal Museum (Stadtmuseum). Evacuated to Thuringia and captured by a Soviet trophy brigade, it thus avoided postwar Dutch claims. Returned to Poland from the Hermitage in 1956, it was exhibited in the Netherlands and the United States (despite its Goudstikker label). Tracing its wartime and postwar odyssey highlights the transparent provenance research needed for Nazi-era acquisitions, especially in former National Socialist (NS) Germanized museums in countries such as Poland, where viable claims procedures for Holocaust victims and heirs are still lacking. This example of many “missing” Dutch paintings sold to NS-era German museums in cities that became part of postwar Poland, raises several important issues deserving attention in provenance research for still-displaced Nazi-looted art.
Constructive Precoder Design for Single Beam Multiuser Satellite System with PSK Signals

In satellite systems downlink transmission, multiuser interference from other users often poses severe degradation to the performance. It is commonly mitigated or removed to maintain the quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we explore the interference constructive precoder designs to ensure that the interference contributes constructively to the desired correct decision zone for each user.
Six Steps to Achieve Meaning, Wellness, and Avoid Burnout in a Residency Program:

Burnout has become an increasingly recognized problem in higher medical education and is particularly prevalent within the field of Neurology and its training programs. Many previously reported wel...
Attention to Gender and Race in Interventions for Custodial Grandparents: A Scoping Review

The prevalence of custodial grandparenting in the United States and other Western countries has increased in the past decade. Custodial grandparents face challenges including navigating painful per...
Case series of trans-thoracic nodule aspirate performed by interventional pulmonologists

Percutaneous interventional tissue sampling of pulmonary masses and lymphadenopathy is a means for diagnosis of thoracic malignancy. The user base that can perform this skill with ultrasound guidance is expanding. A retrospective cohort of fine needle aspiration and percutaneous core biopsies was identified to evaluate their safety and efficacy. 47 distinct procedures were performed by a university medical center's Interventional Pulmonary service between 2012 and 2018.39 consecutive procedures were diagnostically successful by percutaneous means, with 34 of the successful diagnoses based on fine needle aspiration alone. In our cohort by percutaneous biopsy the most common diagnosis was Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with 28 samples, followed by Small Cell Lung Cancer with 7 samples as well as additional solitary diagnoses of suspected infection, Hepatocellular Cancer, Hodgkin Lymphoma and Malignant Melanoma. 4 procedures had complications, two of which resolved post procedure with observation and two pneumothoracies which resolved with chest tube placement and hospital observation. A wide variety of diagnoses were obtained with percutaneous biopsies with 83% of percutaneous biopsies performed by Interventional Pulmonologists achieving diagnostic success.
RECURRENT ACROMEGALY IN A PATIENT WITH A CHEK2 MUTATION

ABSTRACT Background / objective CHEK2 is a cell-cycle check point kinase and is part of the ATM-CHEK2-p53 cascade, which is protective against carcinogenesis. To describe a germline CHEK2 mutation in a patient with acromegaly and other tumors. Case report We present a woman with a germline CHEK2* 110delC mutation previously diagnosed with fibroadenoma of the breast and papillary thyroid carcinoma. She presented with acromegaly at age 48 [IGF-I: 556 mcg/L (reference range, 90-360) and lack of GH suppression on glucose tolerance testing], and underwent transsphenoidal resection of a somatotroph microadenoma. Four years after surgery, she developed recurrent GH excess. She was treated with cabergoline, which was discontinued due to intolerance, and transitioned to lanreotide depot, which was switched to pegvisomant because of prediabetes. Her IGF-I levels have remained normal on pegvisomant. Follow-up MRI examinations showed no evidence of tumor progression. Shortly after the diagnosis of acromegaly, the patient was diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma, bilateral ovarian cystadenomas and uterine leiomyomas. She was additionally found to have a non-functioning adrenal nodule, and hyperplastic and adenomatous colon polyps. There are multiple family members with malignancies, including colon, thyroid and lung cancer. Discussion This is a novel report of a patient with a pathogenic germline CHEK2 mutation and multiple malignant and benign tumors, including recurrent acromegaly. Conclusion Our data raise the possibility that CHEK2 mutations might be involved in the development of acromegaly. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the potential role of CHEK2 mutations in the pathogenesis of somatotroph adenomas.
The Importance of Winning: Victorious Insurgent Groups and Post-Conflict Politics

Civil wars that end in rebel victory follow distinct war-to-peace transitions compared to the more often analyzed cases of negotiated settlement and internationally supported peacebuilding. In many cases, strong authoritarian parties dominate post-war politics insurgent triumph. Four cases in East Africa illustrate this pattern. The victorious Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), Uganda’s National Revolutionary Army (NRA), and Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), all remade themselves into authoritarian parties that dominated post-conflict politics. How is war termination by rebel victory linked to post-conflict authoritarian regimes? This paper proposes a mechanism that explains this pattern that emphasizes characteristics of the insurgent movement and the distinct characteristics of transition following victory.
Impact of resident surgeons on procedure length based on common pediatric otolaryngology cases

Objectives/Hypothesis Surgical education remains an important mission of academic medical centers. Financial pressures may favor improved operating room (OR) efficiency at the expense of teaching in the OR. We aim to evaluate factors, such as resident participation, associated with duration of total OR, as well as procedural time of common pediatric otolaryngologic cases. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We reviewed resident and attending surgeon total OR and procedural times for isolated tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy (T&A), and bilateral myringotomy with tube insertion between 2009 and 2013. We included cases supervised or performed by one of four teaching surgeons in children with American Society of Anesthesiology classification < 3. Regression analyses were used to identify predictors of procedural time. Results We identified 3,922 procedures. Residents had significantly longer procedure times for all procedures compared to an attending surgeon (4.9–12.8 minutes, P < 0.001). Differences were proportional to case complexity. In T&A patients, older patient age and attending surgeon identity were also significant predictors of increased mean procedural time (P < 0.05). Conclusions Resident participation contributes to increased procedure time for common otolaryngology procedures. We found that differences in operative time between resident surgeons and attending surgeons are proportional to the complexity of the case, with additional factors, such as attending surgeon identity and older patient age, also influencing procedure times. Despite the increased procedural time, our investigation shows that resident education does not result in excessive operative times beyond what may be reasonably expected at a teaching institution. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 125:991–997, 2015
Bank regulation as an antidote to price level instability

Abstract We use an overlapping generations model with a risky storage technology to describe a new type of ‘sunspot’ equilibrium characterized by excessive price level volatility and overinvestment in stored goods. The features of this equilibrium lead us to interpret it as involving ‘speculation’ and as arising when banks create excessive quantities of money. This interpretation provides welfare justification for imposing quantity limits on the bank money stock. We argue that the monetary regime established in England under Peel's Act imposed such a quantity limit. Our findings support quantity theorists' traditional view that the possibility of ‘overissue’ provides a rationale for bank regulation.
Shrouds: optimal separating surfaces for enumerated volumes

We describe new techniques for computing a smooth triangular mesh surface that surrounds an enumerated volume consisting of a collection of points from a 3D rectilinear grid. The surface has the topology of an isosurface computed by a marching cubes method applied to a field function that has the value one at the points in the volume and zero for points not in the volume. The vertices are confined to the edges of the grid that penetrate this separating surface and the precise positions are computed so as to optimize a certain energy functional applied to the surface. We use efficient iterative methods to compute the optimal separating surfaces. We lift the concept of energy functionals for planar curves to isosurfaces by means of the 4*-network which is a unique collection of orthogonal planar polygons lying on the isosurface. The general strategy that we describe here leads to methods that are simple, efficient, and effective.
Variable Input and the Acquisition of Plural Morphology

The present article examines the effect of variable input on the acquisition of plural morphology in two varieties of Spanish: Chilean Spanish, where the plural marker is sometimes omitted due to a phonological process of syllable final /s/ lenition, and Mexican Spanish (of Mexico City), with no such lenition process. The goal of the study is to determine whether variable input for grammatical morphology affects the acquisition process. Does the ambiguous nature (sometimes present and sometimes absent) of a form affect acquisition? To address this question, Experiment 1 examines the production of the plural marker in Chilean- and Mexican Spanish-speaking children, and Experiments 2 and 3 examine children's use of plural and singular indefinite noun phrases in comprehension. The results indicate that variable input affects acquisition, with Chilean children taking longer to acquire the plural marker than Mexican children.
Integrating Temporal Logics and Model Checking Algorithms

Temporal logic and model checking algorithms are often used for checking system properties in various environments. The diversity of systems and environments implies a diversity of logics and algorithms. But there are no tools to aid the logician or practitioner in the experimentation with different varieties of temporal logics and model checkers. Such tools could give users the ability to modify and extend a temporal logic and model checker as their problem domain changes. We have developed a set of tools that provide these capabilities by placing the model checking problem in an algebraic framework. These tools provide a temporal logic test bed that allows for quick prototyping and easy extension to logics and model checkers. Here we discuss the usage of these tools to generate model checker algorithms as algebraic mappings (i.e., embeddings of one algebra into another algebra by derived operations) with the temporal logic as the source algebra and the sets of nodes of a model as the target algebra. We demonstrate these tools by extending CTL and its model checker by introducing formulas that quantify the paths over which the satisfaction of the temporal operators is defined. This is made possible by permitting propositions to label the edges as well as the nodes in the model. We use this logic and its model checker to analyze program process graphs during the parallelization phase of an algebraic compiler.
Comparative study of dimer-vacancies and dimer-vacancy lines on Si(001) and Ge(001)

Abstract Although the clean Si(0 0 1) and Ge(0 0 1) surfaces are very similar, experiments to date have shown that dimer-vacancy (DV) defects self-organize into vacancy lines (VLs) on Si(0 0 1), but not on Ge(0 0 1). In this paper, we perform empirical-potential calculations aimed at understanding the differences between the vacancies on Si(0 0 1) and Ge(0 0 1). We identify three energetic parameters which characterize the DVs on the two surfaces: the formation energy of single DVs, the attraction between two DVs in adjacent dimer rows, and the strain sensitivity of the formation energy of DVs and VLs. At the empirical level of treatment of the atomic interactions (Tersoff potentials), all three parameters are favorable for the self-assembly of DVs on the Si(0 0 1) surface, but not on Ge(0 0 1). The most significant difference between the defects on Si(0 0 1) and on Ge(0 0 1) concerns the formation energy of single DVs, which is three times larger in the latter case. By calculating the strain-dependent formation energies of DVs and VLs, we propose that the experimental observation of self-assembly of vacancies on clean Ge(0 0 1) could be achieved by applying compressive strains of the order of 2%.
Discussion of 5-hydroxyindoles and migraine.

Publisher Summary Classical migraine attacks are characterized by a sequence of clinical manifestations, which are correlated with alterations in blood vessel size in brain and scalp. This consists initially of marked vasoconstriction followed by dilatation: an overdistention of these vessels occurs. The alteration in blood vessel size is regional, affecting a limited segment of the circulation in the head. This vasomotor activity is so prominent that numerous studies to study the role of various neurohumoral substances are undertaken. The urinary excretion of the acid metabolites of these amines works as an indicator of their altered level in migraine patients. Urinary studies of acid metabolites only give circumstantial and indirect evidence of neurohumoral events occurring in the central nervous system. The important underlying mechanism related to the activity of the carotid body is a rich source of 5-HT and is intimately related to the external and internal carotid arteries, the branches of which are involved in the vasomotor process encountered in migraine.
Small Large-Scale Wireless Networks: Mobility-Assisted Resource Discovery

In this study, the concept of small worlds is investigated in the context of large-scale wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Wireless networks are spatial graphs that are usually much more clustered than random networks and have much higher path length characteristics. We observe that by adding only few random links, path length of wireless networks can be reduced drastically without affecting clustering. What is even more interesting is that such links need not be formed randomly but may be confined to a limited number of hops between the connected nodes. This has an important practical implication, as now we can introduce a distributed algorithm in large-scale wireless networks, based on what we call contacts, to improve the performance of resource discovery in such networks, without resorting to global flooding. We propose new contact-based protocols for adding logical short cuts in wireless networks efficiently. The new protocols take advantage of mobility in order to increase reachability of the search. We study the performance of our proposed contact-based architecture, and clarify the context in which large-scale wireless networks can be turned into small world networks.
Techniques for Continuous Monitoring of Hydrocarbons

Among the present methods for analyzing hydrocarbons to perform ambient air, stationary source, and vehicular emission monitoring are flame ionization detection, gas chromatography, nondispersive infrared spectroscopy, dispersive infrared spectroscopy, and catalytic oxidation. Promising methodology includes ultraviolet spectroscopy, optoacoustic detection, along with others. Problems associated with the production of improved instrumentation are discussed and recommendations made for further research and development.
IEEE 802.11 DCF performance evaluation using one-dimensional discrete time chains

Previously proposed analytical studies for IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function model the behavior of a wireless station operating under saturation conditions as a two-dimensional discrete time Markov chain. In this document, we show that the two-dimensional chain can be partitioned into two one-dimensional chains. Such a partitioning not only simplifies the analysis, but also significantly reduces the number of state variables.
The Metabolism of 7α-3H-Testosterone by Rat Mandibular Bone1

In vitro incubation of 7α-3H-testosterone with crushed mandibular bone of castrated male rats shows that the steroid is converted to both androgenic and estrogenicmetabolites. The metabolism to androgens is characterized by formation of Sa-and 5β-reduced compounds. The principal estrogens identified are estradiol and estriol. This study suggests that bonehas the capacity to convert androgens to estrogens. (Endocrinology 94: 325, 1974)
Morphological wavelet transform with adaptive dyadic structures

We propose a two component method for denoising multidimensional signals, e.g. images. The first component uses a dynamic programing algorithm of complexity O (N log N) to find an optimal dyadic tree representation of a given multidimensional signal of N samples. The second component takes a signal with given dyadic tree representation and formulates the denoising problem for this signal as a Second Order Cone Program of size O (N). To solve the overall denoising problem, we apply these two algorithms iteratively to search for a jointly optimal denoised signal and dyadic tree representation. Experiments on images confirm that the approach yields denoised signals with improved PSNR and edge preservation.
Resting tension, “negative” contraction and “break” contraction in specialised crustacean muscle fibers

A few tinted fibers (color grey-brown-pink) occur in certain crustacean muscles of diverse species. Many of these were found to have relatively low resting membrane potentials and to be developing tension continually in the normal resting state, i.e., in the absence of extrinsic stimulation. This tension is rapidly relaxed if polarizing current is passed across the membrane. The relaxation in response to a brief polarizing pulse follows a time-course resembling that of a twitch, but is, of course, the inverse. Fibers which were similar in color but which did not show resting tension often gave a strong contraction when a polarizing current was turned off. These “break contractions” had a slower time-course than normal twitches. The relaxation rate was accelerated by polarizing pulses. Possible explanations of the phenomena are offered in terms of modern views on excitation-contraction coupling.
Standard electrode potentials and enthalpies of formation of some lanthanide and actinide aquo-ions

Abstract Polarographic first half-wave amalgamation potentials for many of the lanthanide and actinide aquo-ions M (III) aq have been reanalyzed according to recent interpretations of the amalgamation mechanisms. The analysis yields new values for some of the standard electrode potentials E ° M (O-III) and E ° M (O-II) and the standard enthalpy of formation ΔH ° f M (III) aq. The lanthanide metals La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Yb and Lu, and the actinide metals Ac, U, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es and Fm, are treated.
Synergistic perturbation of phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin bilayers by diacylglycerol and cholesterol

Abstract The perturbations induced by second messenger diacylglycerols (DAGs) into bovine brain phosphatidylcholine (BBPC) bilayers in the presence or absence of bovine brain sphingomyelin (SM) and/or cholesterol were studied by 2 H NMR. Addition of 15 mol% DAG to BBPC bilayers did not induce non-bilayer lipid phases in the temperature range 30–60 °C. Similar measurements performed in the presence of cholesterol revealed that cholesterol progressively destabilizes PC bilayers with respect to DAG-induced perturbations. Thus, at 40 mol% cholesterol, addition of 15 mol% DAG induced the formation of non-bilayer (isotropic and inverted hexagonal) phases at 60 °C. Whereas some lateral separation of the bilayers into domains of different cholesterol contents was observed in BBPC/cholesterol membranes, such a lateral heterogeneity was greatly facilitated by the addition of SM. Since both a tendency to form non-bilayer lipid phases and lateral heterogeneity of the membranes are associated with increased activation of a number of membrane-associated enzymes, our results suggest that SM- and cholesterol-enriched regions of biological membranes (rafts) provide an environment with increased sensitivity to the generation of lipid second messengers and modified transmembrane signal transduction properties.
Effect of sample bias on paleodemographic fertility estimates

Paleodemographers must work to understand how represen- tative any archaeologically recovered skeletal series is and the potential effects of series bias on their demographic reconstructions. We examine two forms of bias: 1) infant underenumeration caused by differential preservation or incomplete archaeological recovery and 2) the underenumeration of individuals over age 45 related to methodological bias. We generated 60 simulated skeletal series of 250 individuals each based on the Brass ((1971) Biological Aspects of Demography (London: Taylor and Francis), pp. 69-110) logit models. In the first test, age bias was introduced deterministically for all individuals with age at death over 40 years using the Lovejoy et al. ((1985) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:1-14) bias estimates. In the second test, 50% of all individuals under 5 years old were removed from each simulated distribution. The simulated series were analyzed using the model life table fitting procedure developed by the authors (Milner et al. (1989) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 80:49-58; Paine (1989) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 79:51-62). Forms of adult age estimation bias described by Lovejoy and coworkers inflate estimates by 10-20% of the true crude birth rate (CBR) (the number of births per year per 1,000 population). Overestimation of fertility and birth rates increases both absolutely and as a percentage of the true rate as population growth increases. This bias is very consistent. Because Lovejoy and colleagues have estimated the methodological bias itself, its effects can be estimated. Infant underenumeration is a more serious obstacle. It is not presently possible to estimate infant underenumeration reliably without prior knowl- edge of fertility rates. This reduces fertility reconstructions based on infant- biased samples to minimum fertility estimates. Am J Phys Anthropol
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS TREATED WITH DEXAMETHASONE OR PLACEBO IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. • 1190

RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS TREATED WITH DEXAMETHASONE OR PLACEBO IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. • 1190
Angular motion of the spin axis of the Tiros I meteorological satellite due to magnetic and gravitational torques

The Tiros I meteorological satellite was injected into orbit about the earth on April 1, 1960, at 11h 52m GMT. The purpose of the satellite was to photograph cloud patterns and distribution over the earth [Stroud, 1960]. In order to properly command the satellite from the ground to take direct or remote pictures, and in order to analyze these pictures when they are telemetered to the ground, the time, spatial coordinates, and spin-axis attitude of the satellite must be known. Ephemerides based on tracking data from the worldwide Minitrack Station Network and published by the NASA Space Computing Center determine accurately the spatial coordinates as a function of time. It was thought that, except for small perturbations, the spin-axis attitude would be space-stabilized for the nominal 3-month life of the satellite.
Finite difference modeling of phase changes and localization in elasticity

Abstract chimp is a finite difference dynamic relaxation program for solving plane-strain equilibrium problems in nonlinear elasticity. In addition to solving standard types of rubber elasticity problems, the method is useful for the study of localization and phase changes in elastic solids. It employs a new algorithm called the pseudotemperature method for incompressible bodies. An antiplane shear version of the program is available. chimp is suitable for use on personal computers and lends itself readily to vectorization. This paper describes the theory behind the program and presents demonstration problems.
Columbia University's semantic video search engine 2008

This paper describes the newest revisions of "CuVid", Columbia University's video search engine, a system that enables semantic multimodal search over video broadcast news collections that first evaluated in the NIST TRECVID2005 benchmark and later expanded to include a large number (374) of visual concept detectors. In this work we start with concept classifiers trained with LSCOM (Large Scale Concept Ontology for Multimedia) and propose a new real-time system that interacts with large sets of video data. Extending prior work that identifies dominant concepts from a set of query results, we hope to further remove the requirement of full lexicon knowledge prior to use and introduce instant revision of concept influence as the user explores their result space.
Optimal Foraging and Risk of Predation: Effects on Behavior and Social Structure in Ungulates

Optimal foraging theory predicts that animals will either attempt to maximize energy gained or minimize time spent to obtain a fixed amount of energy. A time-minimizing approach implies that an animal is attempting to maximize time spent in other behaviors such as reproduction or to minimize its exposure to temperature extremes, predators, or some other factor in the environment while foraging. Indeed, many ungulates must balance the need to obtain sufficient energy and other nutrients required for maintenance, growth, and reproduction while avoiding predation. Adopting social behavior that results in the formation of herds confers several advantages to the individual because of the difficulty a predator has in approaching large groups, or in capturing individuals in the confusion caused by a fleeing herd. Such behavior is often seen in ungulates occurring in open habitats where coursing predators are common. The problem becomes more acute, however, for ungulates living in closed habitats year-round, where predators commonly hunt by stealth, or for those sex and age classes such as females with young that exhibit solitary behavior. Such species or sex and age classes would be expected to exhibit a time-minimizing strategy at least seasonally. Use of linear-programming models of dietary choice have been successful in predicting classes of forages consumed by ungulates and other generalist herbivores and indicate that they often follow an energy-maximization strategy. Nonetheless, overwhelming evidence indicates that ungulates modify their behavior in the presence of predators. I suggest that decisions about when and how to forage are being made at different scales, and these differences may account for observed discrepancies between models and empirical evidence. Finally, new analytical techniques such as stochastic dynamic programming may allow development of more realistic models of foraging behavior and may better incorporate observed behaviors in ungulates.
The Women Who Become Agricultural Economists

Agricultural economics is a field which traditionally has been dominated almost exclusively by men. Until recently it was highly unusual to find a female agricultural economist; even now, women form a minority in agricultural economics degree programs and comprise less than 5% of the AAEA membership. What motivates women to enter an allmale or mostly male field? How do their family and academic backgrounds differ from those of their male counterparts? What affects whether or not they go on to pursue a Ph.D. degree in agricultural economics? Survey results which shed light on these questions are shown in table 1.
Inhibition of suckling-induced prolactin release by μ- and κ-opioid antagonists

Abstract Evidence suggests that endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) are involved in the hyperprolactinemia and suppression of leuteinizing hormone (LH) release associated with lactation. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of various opioid receptor antagonists on suckling-induced prolactin (PRL) and LH responses in primiparous, lactating rats. All animals were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters to allow serial blood sampling, and some rats received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulae for central drug injection. Naloxone (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) was employed as a broad spectrum opioid antagonist, whereas β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA, 1.0–5.0 μ, i.c.v.), naloxonazine (NAZ, 20 mg/kg, i.v.) and nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI, 4.0–16.0 μg, i.c.v.) were used to block μ, μ 1 and κ receptor sites, respectively. In vehicle-treated rats, pup suckling evoked a dramatic increase in plasma PRL and a concurrent decrease in circulating LH. Naloxone caused a modest, though significant, attenuation of the PRL surge during nursing. β-FNA and nor-BNI inhibited suckling-induced PRL release in a dose-related fashion, and at sufficient doses, both antagonists abolished the PRL response. Conversely, the suckling-induced rise in plasma PRL was not affected by NAZ. Naloxone, β-FNA, and NAZ did not alter the profile of circulating LH in suckled rats, but the highest dose nor-BNI (16 μg, i.c.v.) produced a significant elevation in plasma LH. However, even in rats treated with 16.0μg of nor-BNI, plasma LH levels declined in response to the nursing stimulus. Taken together, our results indicate that (1) EOP are important modulators of physiological PRL release in lactating rats, (2) both μ- and κ-opoid receptors are involved in the suckling-induced PRL response, and (3) while a κ-opioid mechanism may inhibit LH secretion during lactation, EOP cannot fully account for suckling-induced LH suppression.
Iridium - A Global Personal Communications System

An evolution perhaps even a revolution is occurring in the way in which people are having their ability to communicate with each other extended. This revolution is fueled by the global economy of the developed nations as well as the expanding needs for communication services of the developing nations of the world. This desire for the extension of classical communication services has put a severe strain on one particular natural resource, the electromagnetic spectrum. Every country owns the same amount of this resource and though some need more than others, it cannot be traded from country to country. Thus the utilization of the spectrum has moved from the portion which is easily mined i.e. the -Low end of the spectrum to that which is more difficult to utilize -- the microwave region. Motorola has developed a system that brings the availability of wireless personal communications to every part of the globe. A key element in the implementation of this system is its ability to make microwaves, as a communications media, affordable for the average consumer. Affordability is pervasive, in that, it applies not only to the actual communication devices but to the effective and efficient use of the spectrum. The remainder of this paper will be devoted to describing this system -- called Iridium -- with attention to where the system extends the commercialization of microwave technology.
TU‐G‐110‐09: Spectral CT (SCT) Reconstruction Using Tight Wavelet Frames

Purpose: X‐ray CT has been widely applied in a number of clinical and preclinical applications. However, the images are often insufficient to distinguish diagnostically crucial shading differences due to poor tissuecontrast and inherent quantum noise. Recently, Spectral CT (SCT) base on photon counting technology has attracted a lot of attention due to its ability of providing full energy resolved tomographyimages. Currently, SCT is often reconstructed by using the conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithms on each energy channel independently. Yet, it is expected that the anatomical features between energy channels are highly correlated. In this work, we propose an correlated iterative SCT reconstruction algorithm using tight wavelet frame based regularizations. Methods: In our study, we propose a model that reconstructs SCT images via solving an optimization problem. The objective function contains both a data fidelity term, requiring the consistency between reconstructed data and the measurement in each energy channel, and a regularization term applied along both the spatial dimension and the energy dimension. Bregman iteration method is used to solve the optimization model efficiently. To validate our algorithm, we synthesis a set of energy resolved x‐ray projections in fan‐beam scanning geometry on an NCAT digital phantom. Reconstruction results from our algorithm are compared with those from the conventional FBP algorithm. Results: It is found that our algorithm has lead to visually better image quality than the FBP algorithm. Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (SNR) is used to evaluate the reconstruction quality. Our algorithm can enhance the SNR by a factor of 4–5 compared with the FBP algorithm. Conclusions: We have designed a wavelet frame based regularization method for SCT image reconstruction. Higher quality SCT images than that from FBP algorithms have been achieved.
Life Participation for Parents: a tool for family-centered occupational therapy.

OBJECTIVE. This study describes the continued development of the Life Participation for Parents (LPP), a measurement tool to facilitate family-centered pediatric practice. METHOD. LPP questionnaires were completed by 162 parents of children with special needs receiving intervention at 15 pediatric private practice clinics. Results were analyzed to establish instrument reliability and validity. RESULTS. Good internal consistency (α = .90) and test–retest reliability (r = .89) were established. Construct validity was examined through assessment of internal structure and comparison of the instrument to related variables. A principal components analysis resulted in a two-factor model accounting for 43.81% of the variance. As hypothesized, the LPP correlated only moderately with the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form (r = .54). The variables of child’s diagnoses, age, and time in therapy did not predict parental responses. CONCLUSION. The LPP is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring satisfaction with parental participation in life occupations.
Meclofenamate sodium monohydrate inhibits chemotactic factor-induced human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. A possible explanation for its antiinflammatory effect.

Meclofenamate sodium monohydrate (MSM), a potent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, specifically inhibits chemotactic factor-induced human polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions: chemotaxis, degranulation, and generation of superoxide anion radicals. These effects of MSM were found to be dependent upon the concentrations of drug not bound to albumin (free drug), and were caused by its ability to interfere at both a receptor and post-receptor (i.e., a step distal to mobilization of polymorphonuclear leukocyte intracellular Ca2+) level. These unique actions of MSM may provide a partial explanation for its potent antiinflammatory effect.
Effects of soil moisture on the diurnal pattern of pesticide emission: Comparison of simulations with field measurements

Abstract Pesticide volatilization from agricultural soils is one of the main pathways in which pesticides are dispersed in the environment and affects ecosystems including human welfare. Thus, it is necessary to have accurate knowledge of the various physical and chemical mechanisms that affect volatilization rates from field soils. A verification of the influence of soil moisture modeling on the simulated volatilization rate, soil temperature and soil-water content is presented. Model simulations are compared with data collected in a field study that measured the effect of soil moisture on diazinon volatilization. These data included diurnal changes in volatilization rate, soil-water content, and soil temperature measured at two depths. The simulations were performed using a comprehensive non-isothermal model, two water retention functions, and two soil surface resistance functions, resulting in four tested models. Results show that the degree of similarity between volatilization curves simulated using the four models depended on the initial water content. Under fairly wet conditions, the simulated curves mainly differ in the magnitude of their deviation from the measured values. However, under intermediate and low moisture conditions, the simulated curves also differed in their pattern (shape). The model prediction accuracy depended on soil moisture. Under normal practices, where initial soil moisture is about field capacity or higher, a combination of Brooks and Corey water retention and the van de Grind and Owe soil surface resistance functions led to the most accurate predictions. However, under extremely dry conditions, when soil-water content in the top 1 cm is below the volumetric threshold value, the use of a full-range water retention function increased prediction accuracy. The different models did not affect the soil temperature predictions, and had a minor effect on the predicted soil-water content of Yolo silty clay soil.
Loops of H-spaces with finitely generated cohomology rings

Abstract Let X be a simply connected a p -space. The mod p cohomology rings of Ω,X are studied. When these rings are finitely generated as algebras, Ω,X hasthe mod p homotopy type of a generalized Eilenberg-MacLane space. If X is just an H -space with H ∗ ( Ω,X ; Z p ) finitely generated as an algebra, H ∗ ( Ω,X ; Z p ) is still primitively generated free commutative.
MicroRNAs as biomarkers in rheumatic diseases

MicroRNAs have a central role in the regulation of gene expression and are important in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. As discussed in this Review, they might also be promising as candidate biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity in rheumatic diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length. They regulate gene expression and are important in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. MiRNAs are attractive as potential biomarkers because their expression pattern is reflective of underlying pathophysiologic processes and they are specific to various disease states. Moreover, miRNAs can be detected in a variety of sources, including tissue, blood and body fluids; they are reasonably stable and appear to be resistant to differences in sample handling, which increases their appeal as practical biomarkers. The clinical utility of miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers has been demonstrated in various malignancies and a few nonmalignant diseases. There is accumulating evidence that miRNAs have an important role in systemic rheumatic diseases and that various diseases or different stages of the same disease are associated with distinct miRNA expression profiles. Preliminary data suggest that miRNAs are promising as candidate biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity in autoimmune diseases. MiRNAs identified as potential biomarkers in pilot studies should be validated in larger studies designed specifically for biomarker validation.
Motion measurement with a multi-channel SAR

This paper explores the use of a Multi-channel SAR (MSAR) system for the characterization of scene motion. A ground based MSAR system (the NRL FOPAIR) is used to study system parameter sensitivities and an airborne MSAR is proposed. Our efforts demonstrate the advantages of using an MSAR for both determination of motion and removal of motion-related distortions and smearing in SAR imagery.
Reference Sources in Photography

While the spread of mass media culture in the United States has often been measured in terms of the number of television sets in each home, the camera and the photograph have been almost as pervasive. Once the province of the professional photograher or the special studio, cameras of the same type are found today in all but a very few homes in the United States. Even rarer would be a home without its collection of photographs to record the family's events, joys, triumphs and tragedies as well as the everyday mundane record of events.
The Playboy Rabbit is Soft, Furry, and Cute: Is This Really the Symbol of Masculine Dominance of Women?:

Images presented in the mass media often contain subtexts that perpetuate gender stereotypes. We suggest that in some instances, underlying messages in mass media can operate to oppose, rather than reinforce, gender stereotypes. To examine this hypothesis, we used the first ten years of Playboy magazine as our data source. We provide evidence that the magazine attempted to broaden the conceptualization of masculinity by defining as the ideal an identity that incorporated a number of characteristics traditionally associated with women. We identify several processes by which Playboy accomplished this goal. These processes included co-opting the meaning of the word “playboy,” associating sexual success with the possession of traditionally feminine traits, and using a rabbit as Playboy‘s symbol.
Teotihuacan, tepeapulco, and obsidian exploitation.

Current cultural ecological models of the development of civilization in central Mexico emphasize the role of subsistence production techniques and organization. The recent use of established and productive archeological surface survey techniques along natural corridors of communication between favorable niches for cultural development within the Central Mexican symbiotic region resulted in the location of sites that indicate an early development of a decentralized resource exploitation, manufacturing, and exchange network. The association of the development of this system with Teotihuacan indicates the importance such nonsubsistence production and exchange had in the evolution of this first central Mexican civilization. The later expansion of Teotihuacan into more distant areas of Mesoamerica was based on this resource exploitation model. Later civilizations centered at Tula and Tenochtitlan also used such a model in their expansion.
Organochlorine and polychlorinated biphenyl contamination in black neck stilt, Himantopus mexicanus, eggs from the Savannah and Tybee National Wildlife Refuges

Abstract Since previous studies had determined organic contamination in Savannah Harbor sediments, an assessment was needed to determine its potential effects on wildlife species which frequently used surrounding areas as feeding and breeding habitats. Ninety percent of the black neck stilt egg contents evaluated contained p,p′-DDE, and 14% of the egg contents contained more than one PCB congener. Ninety percent of chorioallantoic membranes evaluated contained p,p′-DDE. Data from this study will provide information necessary to evaluate proposed measures to enhance bird use of confined disposal facilities associated with Savannah Harbor and will serve as a baseline for future ecotoxicological information gathered to better manage bird nesting areas along the Atlantic coast.
Limits on the size of aerosols from measurements of linear polarization in Titan’s atmosphere

Abstract The Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) instrument on the Huygens probe into the atmosphere of Titan yielded information on the size, shape, optical properties, and vertical distribution of haze aerosols in the atmosphere of Titan [Tomasko, M.G., Doose, L., Engel, S., Dafoe, L.E., West, R., Lemmon, M., Karkoschka, E., 2008. Planet. Space Sci. 56, 669–707] from photometric and spectroscopic measurements of sunlight in Titan’s atmosphere. This instrument also made measurements of the degree of linear polarization of sunlight in two spectral bands centered at 491 and 934 nm. Here we present the calibration and reduction of the polarization measurements and compare the polarization observations to models using fractal aggregate particles which have different sizes for the small dimension (monomer size) of which the aggregates are composed. We find that the Titan aerosols produce very large polarizations perpendicular to the scattering plane for scattering near 90° scattering angle. The size of the monomers is tightly constrained by the measurements to a radius of 0.04 ± 0.01 μm at altitudes from 150 km to the surface. The decrease in polarization with decreasing altitude observed in red and blue light is as expected by increasing dilution due to multiple scattering at decreasing altitudes. There is no indication of particles that produce small amounts of linear polarization at low altitudes.
Mammalian cell fusion: studies on the regulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis.

DNA synthesis and mitosis are inducible in multinucleate HeLa cells formed by fusion between cells in different phases of the life cycle.
Buoyancy effects of a growing, isolated dendrite

The buoyancy effect of a growing isolated dendrite on the solidification process in the undercooling liquid material was investigated by developing an analytic solution to the growth/convection problem in powers of a buoyancy parameter G. The solution depends on the Prandtl number P and the Stefan number S (undercooling) for the local velocity and thermal fields and also the buoyant alteration of the interface shape. Results suggest that buoyancy effect for metals (low P) may be qualitatively different from that for organics (high P).
Japanese Women Writers: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook

Abutsu-ni (Nun Abutsu) Ariyoshi-Sawako Ben no naishi Eifukumonin Enchi Fumiko Fujiwara Michitsuna's Mother Fujiwara Shunzei's Daughter Go-Fukakusain Nijo Harada Yasuko Hashida Sugako Hayashi Fumiko Hayashi Kyoko Higuchi Ichiyo Hirabayashi Taiko Hiratsuka Raicho Ise Izumi Shikibu Junii Tameko Kanai Mieko Koda Aya Kometani Fumiko Kurahashi Yumiko Meio Masako Miura Ayako Miyamoto Yuriko Mori Michiyo Mori Reiko Mori Yoko Mukoda Kuniko Murasaki Shikibu Nakatsukasa no naishi Nogami Yaeko Oba Minako Okamoto Kanoko Ono no Komachi Ota Yoko Saegusa Kazuko Sanuki no suke Sei Shonagon Setouchi Harumi Shibaki Yoshiko Shiraishi Kazuko Sono Ayako Sugawara Takasue's Daughter Tamura Toshiko Tanabe Seiko Tanaka Sumie Tomioka Taeko Tsuboi Sakae Tsumura Setsuko Ui Einjeru Uno Chiyo Wada Natsuto Yamada Eimi Yamamoto Michiko Yamazaki Toyoko Yosano Akiko Yoshida Tomoko
Efficient Hydrodehalogenation of α-Haloketones with Cerium(III) Iodide

Abstract Our effort in uncovering synthetic utility of lanthanides has touched on cerium(IV) oxidation of organic compounds.1 Recognizing the hardness of these cations, e. g. m (La3+) 4.51 ev,2 which underlies the differential LIS of nmr signals3,4,5 for protons situated nearby the various complexing functional groups and is responsible for, in their presence, the regioselective borohydride reduction of conjugated enones,6,7 we have devised a mild method for hydrodehalogenating α-haloketones.