cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceived sexual control, sex-related alcohol expectancies and behavior predict substance-related sexual revictimization.

Objectives Although numerous studies have documented linkages between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual revictimization, mechanisms underlying revictimization, particularly assaults occurring in the context of substance use, are not well-understood. Consistent with Traumagenic Dynamics theory, the present study tested a path model positing that lowered perceptions of sexual control resulting from CSA may be associated with increased sex-related alcohol expectancies and heightened likelihood of risky sexual behavior, which in turn, may predict adult substance-related rape.
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films formed by e-beam cure

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are useful in electro-optic applications because they can be switched electrically between opaque and transparent states. We have prepared PDLC films using electron-beam radiation (e-beam cure). The resulting films exhibit promising mechanical, electro-optic, and thermal response. Compared with the ultraviolet cure process, e-beam cure has the advantage of not requiring photoinitiators. In addition, e-beam cure is characterized by a fast cure rate. The e-beam cure method may, therefore, be a good candidate for production of PDLC ifims.
The frequency of asymptomatic disturbances of cardiac rhythm and conduction in middle-aged men.

Abstract A study of a random sample of 301 actively employed American men, of median age 55 years, employing cardiac recordings obtained during six-hour periods of ordinary activity indicates that asymptomatic periods of dysrhythmia and conduction disturbances occurred in 92.6 per cent of these men at some time during the recording period. Supraventricular premature contractions and other supraventricular dysrhythmias were found in 76.0 per cent of the recordings. These were not associated with present evidence of coronary heart disease or with subsequent death from coronary heart disease, except when supraventricular dysrhythmias were associated with other dysrhythmias or conduction defects. Ventricular premature contractions and complex ventricular dysrhythmias were found in 62.2 per cent of the recordings. These were significantly associated with the presence of coronary heart disease at the time of the examination. They were also associated with an enhanced risk of subsequent death from coronary heart disease. Defects of cardiac conduction, constant or transient, were found in 6.7 per cent of the men. These, too, were associated with an enhanced risk of subsequent death from coronary heart disease.
The role of skin color and features in the black community: Implications for black women and therapy

Abstract Skin color, facial features, and hair play a significant albeit quiet role in the lives of Black Americans. For many Black Americans, central feelings related to perceived self-worth, intelligence, success, and attractiveness are determined by such factors as the lightness of their skin, the broadness of their nose, the thickness of their lips, and the kinkiness of their hair. Although these characteristics affect both men and women, psychologically these effects appear to be stronger for females who, regardless of race, have had to concern themselves more with appearance. This article provides a historical account of the role skin color, facial features, and hair have played in Black America. Special attention is given to the effect these issues have had on Black females. Pertinent research is reviewed and the implications for therapy with Black women is discussed.
Perceived system performance: a test of an extended technology acceptance model

In this study, we introduce the notion of perceived system performance (PSP) to extend the technology acceptance model (TAM). We found that PSP explained 46% of the variation in ease of use, a 50% improvement over our current understanding of ease of use while using only one predictor. We also found that, when PSP is absent, TAM was validated as usual. However, when PSP is present, the relationship between ease of use and technology acceptance became insignificant, a phenomenon called conditional independence. We provide a causal reasoning-based explanation for our findings.
Gel electrophoretic fractionation of RNAs by partial denaturation with methylmercuric hydroxide.

Abstract The changes in agarose gel electrophoretic velocities of several RNAs of varying molecular weight and base composition with concentration of the denaturant, methylmercuric hydroxide (MMH), have been studied. At intermediate MMH concentrations, the mobility of any one species is intermediate between the “native” (no MMH) and fully denatured (5 m m MMH) values. A + U-richer RNAs are partially denatured at lower concentrations of MMH than are G + C-richer RNAs. Electrophoresis at intermediate MMH concentrations is useful for resolving some RNA species that are not well resolved either in the absence of MMH or under fully denaturing (5 m m MMH) conditions. It is shown that it is possible to carry out MMH electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels; this is useful for low molecular weight RNAs. An equation to correlate changes in mobility between the native and denatured states is proposed.
T2 Family ribonucleases: ancient enzymes with diverse roles

Ribonucleases of the T2 family are found in the genomes of protozoans, plants, bacteria, animals and viruses. A broad range of biological roles for these ribonucleases have been suggested, including scavenging of nucleic acids, degradation of self-RNA, serving as extra- or intracellular cytotoxins, and modulating host immune responses. Recently, RNaseT2 family members have been implicated in human pathologies such as cancer and parasitic diseases. Interestingly, certain functions of RNaseT2 family members are independent of their nuclease activity, suggesting that these proteins have additional functions. Moreover, humans lacking RNASET2 manifest a defect in neurological development, perhaps due to aberrant control of the immune system. We review the basic structure and function of RNaseT2 family members and their biological roles.
Secondary School Teachers and Political Scientists: Establishing Working Relationships in a Course in Computing.

The focus of this article is on how political scientists in colleges and universities can establish linkages with school districts in their areas. The benefits include increasing enrollments and upgrading the quantitative skills of high school students entering political science programs. The article highlights several strategies for increasing cooperation through the computing course.
Isolation and genetic characterization of streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistant mutants in the mossPhyscomitrella patens

Mutant strains of the mossPhyscomitrella patens that were resistant to the antibiotics streptomycin and chloramphenicol were isolated following UV irradiation. Mutants resistant to streptomycin at 1.7×10−4 M showed both dominant and recessive Mendelian and inheritance patterns. Mutants resistant to streptomycin at 1.7 ¢ 10−4 M and to chloramphenicol at 3.1×10−4 M were, with one exception, cytoplasmically inherited.
Applying for professional positions in academic libraries: Meeting minimum requirements

Abstract Academic libraries which follow affirmative action, equal opportunity regulations often receive many applications from individuals who do not survive the search committee's initial screening. Data from three searches are presented and discussed as case studies which illustrate many applicants fail to meet the advertised minimum requirements.
Globalizing Critical Theory

Globalizing Critical Theory. Edited by Max Pensky. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005. 264p. $82.50 cloth, $29.95 paper. This is a welcome and innovative book, at least in its basic intent. The innovation resides mainly in the correlation between a prominent strand in Western social and political thought—the Frankfurt School program of “critical theory”—and a major phenomenon of contemporary political life: the process of globalization. In many ways, this correlation goes against the dominant academic grain. At least as cultivated in American academia, political theory tends to be mainly retrospective and concerned with the rehearsal of time-honored texts, often with a pronounced slant against contaminating theorizing with mundane affairs. On the other hand, examination of current developments—including the process of globalization—tends to be left to journalists or else to specialists in international politics with little or no background in traditions of political thought. In this respect, the present volume is a breakthrough. It deliberately seeks to bring the insights of the Frankfurt School program to bear on ongoing discussions about global politics, economics, science, and aesthetics. All the contributors, including the editor, are distinguished scholars with solid reputations grounded in the traditions of critical theory and adjacent theoretical paradigms.
Shotgun proteomics reveals biochemistry of normal and acute respiratory distress syndrome bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteome

Recently, so-called label-free quantitative proteomic methods have gained acceptance for protein expression analysis via mass spectrometry (MS). These methods allow better experiment design by circumventing the need to establish pair-wise comparisons required by popular stable isotope dilution methods (for example, isotope coded affinity tag, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and stable-isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture) and are thus fundamentally better suited for proteome studies where sample number is large. Here we discuss the use of shotgun proteomics (that is, no prior protein fractionation) and label-free quantitative methods to characterize human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) proteomes of six normal healthy volunteers and three patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1].
Comprehensive Sex Research Centers: Design and Operation for Effective Functioning

To my way of thinking, a sex research center must consist of (1) two or more professionally trained individuals, preferably with advanced degrees, and (2) a support staff; the center must (3) have a separate legal identity or, if it is part of a host organization (e.g., university, hospital, clinic), be recognized by that organization as a separate (although not necessarily autonomous) unit, and (4) have the ability to devote a substantial amount of time to sex research. These four criteria are the bare minimum to warrant the title “sex research center.” There are numerous instances of informal associations which verge on being sex research centers. For example, several scientists or clinicians in the same institution who share an interest in sex research and who may have independent research projects in that field are very close to constituting a research center. All they lack is a formally acknowledged sense of being a coordinated group with interdependencies and common goals. Most sex research centers have developed out of such a situation. Similarly there are existing organizations which need only to devote more time to research to qualify as sex research centers. This is true of various educational organizations such as SIECUS, the Centro Studi Educazione Sessuale, and therapeutic organizations such as sex clinics, marriage counseling groups, and Planned Parenthood. In order to distinguish between an educational or clinical organization which sponsors an occasional piece of research and a true sex research center, I submit that to merit the latter title at least one-quarter of the group’s time and effort must be devoted to sex research and the group must consider such research to be one of its goals and not merely an adjunct activity.
Toward Numerical Modeling in the “Terra Incognita”

Abstract In mesoscale modeling the scale l of the energy- and flux-containing turbulence is much smaller than the scale Δ of the spatial filter used on the equations of motion, and in large-eddy simulation (LES) it is much larger. Since their models of the subfilter-scale (SFS) turbulence were not designed to be used when l and Δ are of the same order, this numerical region can be called the “terra incognita.” The most common SFS model, a scalar eddy diffusivity acting on the filtered fields, emerges from the conservation equations for SFS fluxes when several terms, including all but one of the production terms, are neglected. Analysis of data from the recent Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (HATS) shows that the neglected production terms can be significant. Including them in the modeled SFS flux equations yields a more general SFS model, one with a tensor rather than a scalar eddy diffusivity. This more general SFS model is probably not necessary in fine-resolution LES or in coarse-resolution mesoscale...
Satisfaction with Standardized Language Testing: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists.

There is little documentation regarding which standardized tests of language development clinicians prefer and their degree of satisfaction with tests and the testing process. This study reports th...
HMM-FRAME: accurate protein domain classification for metagenomic sequences containing frameshift errors

Protein domain classification is an important step in metagenomic annotation. The state-of-the-art method for protein domain classification is profile HMM-based alignment. However, the relatively high rates of insertions and deletions in homopolymer regions of pyrosequencing reads create frameshifts, causing conventional profile HMM alignment tools to generate alignments with marginal scores. This makes error-containing gene fragments unclassifiable with conventional tools. Thus, there is a need for an accurate domain classification tool that can detect and correct sequencing errors. We introduce HMM-FRAME, a protein domain classification tool based on an augmented Viterbi algorithm that can incorporate error models from different sequencing platforms. HMM-FRAME corrects sequencing errors and classifies putative gene fragments into domain families. It achieved high error detection sensitivity and specificity in a data set with annotated errors. We applied HMM-FRAME in Targeted Metagenomics and a published metagenomic data set. The results showed that our tool can correct frameshifts in error-containing sequences, generate much longer alignments with significantly smaller E-values, and classify more sequences into their native families. HMM-FRAME provides a complementary protein domain classification tool to conventional profile HMM-based methods for data sets containing frameshifts. Its current implementation is best used for small-scale metagenomic data sets. The source code of HMM-FRAME can be downloaded at http://www.cse.msu.edu/~zhangy72/hmmframe/ and at https://sourceforge.net/projects/hmm-frame/ .
Coastal upwelling supplies oxygen-depleted water to the Columbia River estuary.

Low dissolved oxygen (DO) is a common feature of many estuarine and shallow-water environments, and is often attributed to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment from terrestrial-fluvial pathways. However, recent events in the U.S. Pacific Northwest have highlighted that wind-forced upwelling can cause naturally occurring low DO water to move onto the continental shelf, leading to mortalities of benthic fish and invertebrates. Coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest are strongly linked to ocean forcings, and here we report observations on the spatial and temporal patterns of oxygen concentration in the Columbia River estuary. Hydrographic measurements were made from transect (spatial survey) or anchor station (temporal survey) deployments over a variety of wind stresses and tidal states during the upwelling seasons of 2006 through 2008. During this period, biologically stressful levels of dissolved oxygen were observed to enter the Columbia River estuary from oceanic sources, with minimum values close to the hypoxic threshold of 2.0 mg L−1. Riverine water was consistently normoxic. Upwelling wind stress controlled the timing and magnitude of low DO events, while tidal-modulated estuarine circulation patterns influenced the spatial extent and duration of exposure to low DO water. Strong upwelling during neap tides produced the largest impact on the estuary. The observed oxygen concentrations likely had deleterious behavioral and physiological consequences for migrating juvenile salmon and benthic crabs. Based on a wind-forced supply mechanism, low DO events are probably common to the Columbia River and other regional estuaries and if conditions on the shelf deteriorate further, as observations and models predict, Pacific Northwest estuarine habitats could experience a decrease in environmental quality.
Spectral methods and their implementation to solution of aerodynamic and fluid mechanic problems

Fundamental concepts underlying spectral collocation methods, especially pertaining to their use in the solution of partial differential equations, are outlined. Theoretical accuracy results are reviewed and compared with results from test problems. A number of practical aspects of the construction and use of spectral methods are detailed, along with several solution schemes which have found utility in applications of spectral methods to practical problems. Results from a few of the successful applications of spectral methods to problems of aerodynamic and fluid mechanic interest are then outlined, followed by a discussion of the problem areas in spectral methods and the current research under way to overcome these difficulties.
Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea simulating allergic rhinitis

Abstract A case of spontaneous cerebrospinal rhinorrhea simulating allergic rhinitis is reported. The apparent relationship between environmental changes and onset of symptoms was responsible for the presumptive diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Allergic survey was negative. Symptomatic medication failed to bring relief. Chemical studies of the nasal secretion, conducted after therapeutic failurc became evident, revealed the similarity of the nasal fluid to cerebrospinal fluid. Consultation with the Department of Neurology confirmed the likelihood of a defect in the cribriform plate, permitting escape of cerebrospinal fluid. Surgical closure terminated the rhinorrhea.
In Search of a Data-in-Once, Electronic Health Record-Linked, Multicenter Registry— How Far We Have Come and How Far We Still Have to Go

The learning health system is a framework in which new knowledge is translated into general clinical practice and clinical practice serves as the engine to generate new evidence and knowledge. One type of learning health system is an electronic health record (EHR)-linked multicenter registry. Significant investment has been made in recent years to spur the adoption of EHRs and to fund the creation of health information exchanges. Yet, given this investment, are we any closer to achieving the vision of a learning health system? What are the areas of success? What challenges remain? To answer these questions and using an EHR-linked multicenter registry as a model, we define a set of requirements that need to be met in order to achieve the goals of the learning health system. We then evaluate progress along each dimension by detailing our efforts to create an EHR-linked multicenter registry for ImproveCareNow, a quality improvement and research network focused on improving outcomes for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Hypothalamic Neural Circuits Regulating Maternal Responsiveness Toward Infants

A theoretical neural model is developed, along with supportive evidence, to explain how the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the hypothalamus can regulate maternal responsiveness toward infant-related stimuli. It is proposed that efferents from a hormone-primed MPOA (a) depress a central aversion system (composed of neural circuits between the amygdala, medial hypothalamus, and midbrain) so that novel infant stimuli do not activate defensive or avoidance behavior and (b) excite the mesolimbic dopamine system so that active, voluntary maternal responses are promoted. The effects of oxytocin and maternal experience are included in the model, and the specificity of MPOA effects are discussed. The model may be relevant to the mechanisms through which other hypothalamic nuclei regulate other basic motivational states. In addition, aspects of the model may define a core neural circuitry for maternal behavior in mammals.
Planar Stability Criteria for Viscous Shock Waves of Systems with Real Viscosity

We present a streamlined account of recent developments in the stability theory for planar viscous shock waves, with an emphasis on applications to physical models with “real,” or partial viscosity. The main result is the establishment of necessary, or “weak”, and sufficient, or “strong”, conditions for nonlinear stability analogous to those established by Majda [M.1, M.2, M.3] in the inviscid case but (generically) separated by a codimension-one set in parameter space rather than an open set as in the inviscid case. The importance of codimension one is that transition between nonlinear stability and instability is thereby determined, lying on the boundary set between the open regions of strong stability and strong instability (the latter defined as failure of weak stability). Strong stability holds always for small-amplitude shocks of classical “Lax” type [PZ, FreS]; for large-amplitude shocks, however, strong instability may occur [ZS, Z.3].
Preferential Incorporation of G Opposite Template T by the Low-Fidelity Human DNA Polymerase ι

DNA polymerase activity is essential for replication, recombination, repair, and mutagenesis. All DNA polymerases studied so far from any biological source synthesize DNA by the Watson-Crick base-pairing rule, incorporating A, G, C, and T opposite the templates T, C, G, and A, respectively. Non-Watson-Crick base pairs would lead to mutations. In this report, we describe the ninth human DNA polymerase, Polι, encoded by the RAD30B gene. We show that human Polι violates the Watson-Crick base-pairing rule opposite template T. During base selection, human Polι preferred T-G base pairing, leading to G incorporation opposite template T. The resulting T-G base pair was less efficiently extended by human Polι compared to the Watson-Crick base pairs. Consequently, DNA synthesis frequently aborted opposite template T, a property we designated the T stop. This T stop restricted human Polι to a very short stretch of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, kinetic analyses show that human Polι copies template C with extraordinarily low fidelity, misincorporating T, A, and C with unprecedented frequencies of 1/9, 1/10, and 1/11, respectively. Human Polι incorporated one nucleotide opposite a template abasic site more efficiently than opposite a template T, suggesting a role for human Polι in DNA lesion bypass. The unique features of preferential G incorporation opposite template T and T stop suggest that DNA Polι may additionally play a specialized function in human biology.
Metabolic Syndrome: Pass It On!

When Shakespeare warned, in the Merchant of Venice , that "the sins of the father are to be laid upon the children," he might have been referring to metabolism-related epigenetic editing. Rapid weight gain after birth is an established risk factor for the development of heart disease, metabolic
Bruce Alberts: Education, education, education

Bruce Alberts needs no introduction to our readers, each one of whom is sure to have a thoroughly dog-eared copy of “Molecular Biology of the Cell” (1). Alberts, a co-author of this bible of biology, has not only been shaping the scientific landscape through his research (2, 3), but also influencing the way science is done (4), and the way science is taught (5, 6). Not bad for a man who failed his PhD exam on the first attempt. Alberts was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1987, and served as its President from 1993 to 2005. He is a member of the American Society for Cell Biology and served as its President in 2007. Since 2000, he has been the Co-Chair of the InterAcademy Council (the association of Science Academies from around the world). And this March he was appointed as Editor-in-Chief of Science magazine. On top of all this, he still manages to hold down a day job: he is a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco. Figure 1 Bruce Alberts TOM KOCHEL Despite having a schedule busier than an international airport, Alberts made time to talk with us and share his dreams for a scientifically empowered global populace.
Accounting for soil aging when assessing liquefaction potential

It has been recognized that liquefaction resistance of sand increases with age due to processes such as cementation at particle contacts and increasing frictional resistance resulting from particle rearrangement and interlocking. As such, the currently available empirical correlations derived from liquefaction of young Holocene sand deposits, and used to determine liquefaction resistance of sand deposits from in situ soil indices standard penetration test SPT, cone penetration test CPT, shear wave velocity test Vs, are not applicable for old sand deposits. To overcome this limitation, a methodology was developed to account for the effect of aging on the liquefaction resistance of old sand deposits. The methodology is based upon the currently existing empirical boundary curves for Holocene age soils and utilizes correction factors presented in the literature that comprise the effect of aging on the in situ soil indices as well as on the field cyclic strength CRR. This paper describes how to combine currently recorded SPT, CPT, and Vs values with corresponding CRR values derived for aged soil deposits to generate new empirical boundary curves for aged soils. The method is illustrated using existing geotechnical data from four sites in the South Carolina Coastal Plain SCCP where sand boils associated with prehistoric earthquakes have been found. These sites involve sand deposits that are 200,000 to 450,000 years in age. This work shows that accounting for aging of soils in the SCCP yields less conservative results regarding the current liquefaction potential than when age is not considered. The modified boundary curves indicate that old sand deposits are more resistant to liquefaction than indicated by the existing empirical curves and can be used to evaluate the liquefaction potential at a specific site directly from the current in situ properties of the soil.
The potential impact of second‐generation biofuel landscapes on at‐risk species in the US

The recent increase in corn ethanol production has drawn attention to the environmental sustainability of biofuel production. Environmental assessments of second-generation biofuel crops (SGBC) have focused primarily on greenhouse gas emissions and water quality. However, expanding the production of cellulosic biomass resources, especially those that require dedicated agricultural land, is also likely to have impacts on biodiversity. We developed an optimization framework for projecting the spatial pattern of SGBC expansion in the United States and intersected these predictions with occurrence data for at-risk species. In particular, we focused on two candidate perennial grass feedstocks, Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), and Miscanthus × giganteus (Miscanthus). Tradeoffs between biodiversity and economic profitability are assessed using county level data sets of SGBC yield, agricultural land availability, land rents, and at-risk species occurrences. Results show that future SGBC expansion is likely to occur outside of the Corn Belt, where conventional biofuel feedstocks are currently grown. The set of at-risk species that could potentially be impacted is therefore likely to be different from the at-risk species prevalent in the agroecological landscapes of the Upper Midwest that are dominated by corn and soy production. The total number and type of potentially impacted taxa is influenced by several factors, including the total demand for cellulosic biomass, the type of agricultural land used for production, and the method for defining at-risk species. SGBC production is also concentrated in fewer counties when a national species conservation constraint is combined with a biofuel production mandate. This analysis provides a foundation for future research on species conservation in bioenergy production landscapes and highlights the importance of incorporating biodiversity into broader environmental assessments of biofuel sustainability.
A large family size is required to detect sexual heterogeneity of the recombination fraction using dominant and codominant DNA-markers*

Maximum likelihood methods for testing sexual heterogeneity of the recombination fraction using dominant and codominant DNA-markers are developed. The methods are tested by Montecarlo computer simulation. Two crosses were investigated 1) Ab/aB × Ab/aB and 2) Ab/aB × Ab/αB in which A, a, and α are alleles at a codominant marker and B and b are alleles at a dominant marker. Estimates of the recombination fraction are biased by more than 6 cM if family size is small (50) for the first cross. Also, the empirical rate of type I error under homogeneity ranged between 0.0 and 3.7 when using the tabulated values corresponding at 5%. Even for large family sizes, the rate of type I error was close to 0 when the expected rate was 1 or 5%. Empirical power was very low for the self-fertilization cross requiring large family sizes (2,000) and large differences in the recombination fraction in the two sexes (differences larger than 20 cM). For the second cross (Ab/aB × Ab/αB), both parents were heterozygous but they do not have identical genotypes at the codominant marker. Estimates of the recombination fraction for the two sexes were nearly unbiased in the presence of heterogeneity. The rate of type I error was similar to their expected values for this cross. For a low recombination fraction, empirical power for this cross was higher than 50% for a family size of 500 and a true difference in recombination fraction in the two sexes of approx. 10 cM.
Diet-specific family support and glucose control among Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of diet family support on glucose outcome in Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes, taking into consideration patient gender.MethodsA total of 143 Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a West Coast Koreatown. On com- pleting questionnaires (demographic, health history, and the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist-II [DFBC]), a participant was given a finger stick blood test for glyco-sylated hemoglobin (A1C). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated after measurements were taken. Analyses assessed the independent associations of diet family support, gender, and diet fam- ily support by gender interactions with glucose outcome.ResultsA higher level of diet family support was significantly associated with lower A1C, indicating the beneficial effect of diet family support on glucose control. Although the main effect of gender on A1C was not significant, the effect of the product term of family support ...
Modeling Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells with Large Density and Velocity Changes

A model fully coupling the flow, species transport, and electrochemical kinetics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells is presented to explore operation undergoing very large density and velocity variations. Comparisons are also made to a previous constant-flow model, which neglects the mass source/sink from the continuity equation and assumes constant gas density. Numerical results reveal large density (>50%) and velocity (>80%) variations occurring in the anode at anode stoichiometry of 1.2. In addition, the hydrogen concentration remained as high as the inlet owing to deceleration of the anode gas flow. Finally, the constant-flow model is accurate within 14% under common operating conditions, i.e., for anode stoichiometry ranging from 1.2 to 2.0.
Albinterferon alfa-2b, a novel fusion protein of human albumin and human interferon alfa-2b, for chronic hepatitis C.

Objective: New treatment options for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) that offer improved efficacy, tolerability, and convenience compared with weekly interferon alfa (IFNα)-based regimens are needed. Lon...
The Relations of Short-Term Memory to Development and Intelligence

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the current status of knowledge about relationships of forgetting rate to chronological and mental age (CA and MA) and to intelligence (IQ), and to consider the methodological limitations and interpretative difficulties encountered in the research upon which this current knowledge is based. The chapter reviews those studies in which both forgetting rate and IQ or age (early childhood to adulthood) are observable variables, whether or not the investigators were explicitly concerned with the correlation of memory with age and IQ. The approach used to separate acquisition and retrieval to assess their contributions to total short-term memory (STM) functioning is also discussed.
Mutual Fund Expense Ratios in Market Equilibrium

This paper estimates the sensitivity of fund flows to the expense ratio in the mutual fund industry using Berry (1994)'s discrete choice model of product differentiation. Based on logit and nested logit estimations with instrumental variables, I find the sensitivity of fund flows to the expense ratio in growth and index fund sectors to be significantly greater than those of previous studies. I also show that expense ratio competition in the mutual fund industry has intensified over time. These findings suggest that accounting for expense ratio endogeneity leads to a substantial improvement in the estimation of the impact of expense ratios on fund flows.
Strategy for finding a reliable starting point for G 0 W 0 demonstrated for molecules

Many-body perturbation theory in the ${G}_{0}$${W}_{0}$ approximation is an increasingly popular tool for calculating electron removal energies and fundamental gaps for molecules and solids. However, the predictive power of ${G}_{0}$${W}_{0}$ is limited by its sensitivity to the density functional theory (DFT) starting point. We introduce a nonempirical scheme, which allows us to find a reliable DFT starting point for ${G}_{0}$${W}_{0}$ calculations. This is achieved by adapting the amount of Hartree-Fock exchange in a hybrid DFT functional. The ${G}_{0}$${W}_{0}$ spectra resulting from this starting point reliably predict experimental photoelectron spectra for a test set of 13 typical organic semiconductor molecules.
The biobehavioral family model as a framework for examining the connections between family relationships, mental, and physical health for adult primary care patients

Family and romantic relationships have been linked to adults' mental and physical health. Previous research has not explored possible mediators of these associations. The Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) is a biopsychosocial approach to health that integrates family emotional climate, biobehavioral reactivity (emotion dysregulation), and physical health outcomes into a comprehensive model. The present study examined the ability of the BBFM to explain connections between family processes and health for primarily uninsured, low-income adult primary care patients. Patient participants (18-65 years) reported their family functioning, romantic relationship satisfaction, anxiety, depression, illness symptoms, and physical well-being (n = 125). We used path analyses to test separate models using family functioning and romantic relationship satisfaction as measures of family emotional climate. For Model 1, pathways between family functioning and depression, and depression and disease activity were significant, whereas the pathway between family functioning and disease activity was nonsignificant, indicating a mediation relationship. Anxiety also fits as an additional mediator (χ2 = 4.135, p = .247, CFI = .992, RMSEA = .055). For Model 2, a significant mediation relationship was found; depression and anxiety mediate the association between romantic relationship satisfaction and disease activity (χ2 = 11.309, p = .503, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000). Findings support the ability of the BBFM to explain the health quality of low-income, urban primary care patients. We offer clinical implications and recommendations for future research.
Abstract 1565: Significance of elemental content and distribution profiles in assessing established cell lines as surrogates for cancer tissues from two different organs.

Studies have shown that defective metal homeostasis is very essential to the development of the cancer phenotype in many cancers including lung and liver carcinomas. Low Zn levels as well as overexpression of metalothioneins were implicated in the development and progression of various cancers. Wider elemental profiles that relate cancer and normal phenotypes with regards to metal homeostasis were not well elucidated in the literature. To this end, established cell lines are currently used as accepted models for studying cancer but the level of their representation of actual cancer tissues was not clear. This study is attempting to assess the relevance of cell lines currently is use as surrogates for cancer and establish their relationship to actual normal and cancer tissues from humans. We hypothesize that elemental content and distribution profiles in cancer and normal tissue are significantly different from those possessed by established cell lines. We used Inductivity Coupled Plasma (ICP-Mass Spectroscopy) for lung and liver samples obtained from normal and cancer human cadaver tissues (US Biomax) and cell models of lung and liver carcinomas; the A549 and HepG2 cell lines (ATCC), to analyze for elements and test the hypothesis. Samples prepared using standardized digestion procedures were loaded onto the ICP-MS equipment to test for a profile consisting of 12 elements, namely, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Al, Co, Ba, Cr, Ni and Se. Analysis of data showed significant variations in elemental content and distribution profiles between the cell models and actual tissues consistent with the hypothesis. It is concluded that elemental homeostasis is essential for normal tissue function and that shifts in their distribution and content are essential in determining the use of cell models as surrogates for studying cancer. These results are promising and warrant further studies to confirm the relevance of cell line models in relation to their use as screening tools for examining targeted cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: Ibrahim O. Farah, Zikri Arslan, Wellington K. Ayensu. Significance of elemental content and distribution profiles in assessing established cell lines as surrogates for cancer tissues from two different organs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1565. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1565
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Positive Psychological Intervention for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Positive psychological attributes (eg, optimism) have been associated with a healthier lifestyle and superior medical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes; however, there has been minimal study of behavioral interventions that target positive psychological constructs in this population. Accordingly, we developed a novel, telephone-based, 12-week positive psychology intervention and assessed its feasibility and short-term impact in adults with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal health behavior adherence. METHOD This was a pilot and feasibility study in adult inpatients and outpatients at an urban academic medical center recruited between December 2013 and December 2014. Adult patients with (1) type 2 diabetes (meeting American Diabetes Association criteria, eg, glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] > 6.5% or fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL) and (2) suboptimal adherence (score < 15/18 on the Medical Outcomes Study Specific Adherence Scale items for medication, diet, and exercise) were eligible. Participants received a positive psychology manual, completed exercises (eg, writing a gratitude letter, performing acts of kindness), and reviewed these activities by phone with a study trainer over the 12-week study period. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed via exercise completion rates and postexercise ratings of ease/utility on 0-10 Likert scales. Longer-term efficacy was explored by examining changes in psychological states and health behaviors from baseline to 12 weeks using random-effects regression models and estimates of effect size. RESULTS A total of 15 participants enrolled; 12 participants provided complete baseline and follow-up data and were included in the analyses. Over 90% of these participants completed at least 2 exercises, and 75% completed a majority of the exercises. Participants rated the exercises as helpful (mean = 7.8/10) and easy to complete (mean = 7.1/10), and they reported improvements in optimism, gratitude, depression, anxiety, physical function, self-care, and health behaviors (Cohen d = 0.28-1.00). CONCLUSION A positive psychology intervention for suboptimally adherent patients with type 2 diabetes was feasible, acceptable, and associated with broad pre-post psychological and health behavior improvement in a small initial study. Further testing of this promising intervention is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02736084.
Effects of Tetrahydroxy-stilbene Glycoside on α-Synuclein Over-expression and Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Gene-transfected PC12 Cells

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and mechanisms of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-β-D-glycoside(TSG),an effective component of Polygonum multiflorum,on α-synuclein(α-Syn) over-expression in vitro.METHODS Different concentrations of TSG were incubated with α-Syn gene-transfected PC12 cells for 24 h.The nontoxicity range of TSG to cultured cells was determined by MTT method and lactate dehydrogenase leakage method.The change in α-Syn mRNA content in the cells was measured by RT-PCR.The protein expression of α-Syn,UCH-L1 and parkin was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS The nontoxicity range of TSG to cultured cells was 6.25-100 μmol·L-1.When incubated with α-Syn gene-transfected PC12 cells within this dose range for 24 h,TSG significantly decreased α-Syn mRNA content,inhibited α-Syn protein expression and aggregation,and enhanced the protein expression of UCH-L1 and parkin in the model cells.CONCLUSION TSG inhibited α-Syn over-expression and aggregation in gene-tranfected PC12 cells in vitro,and the mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of synthesis and the enhancement of degradation of α-synuclein.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Function in Late Life

Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) is associated with cognitive function, independently of individual demographic, health, and socioeconomic characteristics. However, research has been largely cross-sectional, and mechanisms of the association are unknown. In 1992-1993, Cardiovascular Health Study participants (n = 3,595; mean age = 74.8 years; 15.7% black) underwent cognitive testing and magnetic resonance imaging of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and their addresses were geocoded. NSES was calculated using 1990 US Census data (block groups; 6 measures of wealth, education, and occupation). The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was used to assess general cognition, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) was used to assess speed of processing annually for 6 years. Associations of race-specific NSES tertiles with 3MS, DSST, and WMH were estimated using linear mixed-effects models accounting for geographic clustering, stratified by race, and adjusted for demographic, health, and individual socioeconomic status (education, income, lifetime occupational status) variables. In fully adjusted models, higher NSES was associated with higher 3MS scores in blacks (mean difference between highest and lowest NSES = 2.4 points; P = 0.004) and whites (mean difference = 0.7 points; P = 0.02) at baseline but not with changes in 3MS over time. NSES was marginally associated with DSST and was not associated with WMH. Adjustment for WMH did not attenuate NSES-3MS associations. Associations of NSES with cognition in late adulthood differ by race, are not explained by WMH, and are evident only at baseline.
Hemodynamic and clinical evaluation of the Hancock xenograft bioprosthesis for aortic valve replacement (with emphasis on management of the small aortic root)

One hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients underwent isolated aortic valve replacement with the Hancock porcine xenograft between July, 1974, and December, 1976. The hospital mortality rate was 3.9 percent. No patient was treated with anticoagulants, and valve-related complications were extremely rare. The smaller prosthetic sizes (19 and 21 mm. stent diameter) should be used with extreme caution, and the 19 mm. prosthesis should probably never be used in the adult patient. Two methods of managing the small aortic root are emphasized: one to avoid using the smaller prosthetic size in adults and the other to alter greatly the root size in children who have a hypoplastic aortic annulus. Acceptable calculated orifice sizes and left ventricular-aortic (LV-Ao) pressure gradients may be obtained with the 23 mm. or larger prostheses. Actuarial survival curves show 92 percent of patients alive and well at 24 months’ follow-up.
Judendomens feminina kärna. Strukturella omvändningar och deras betydelse för skapandet av det rabbinska systemet

Rabbinic Judaism is often described as an exclusively male-dominated and patriarchal religious system. However, the structure of the core of this patriarchal religious system is deeply feminine, with a strong relational dimension. Torah studies, which only men had access to, are secondary in character: a life lead according to the commandments is necessary but not enough. God does not force humankind to subordination, but he gives answers to voluntary gifts. Man gives voluntarily, God answers voluntarily. The right relation to God is not forced, determined or manipulative, but it builds on reciprocity and response.
Abstract 617: Canine transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder expresses activated BRAF, but is not sensitive to vemurafenib

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common bladder cancer in humans and their canine companions. Canine TCCs are usually papillary infiltrative TCCs of intermediate to high grade. Genetic defects identified in human TCCs aid in the diagnosis and therapy of human bladder cancer. We utilized whole exome sequencing to screen canine TCCs for gene mutations that contribute to pathogenesis. Genomic DNA was isolated from 11 canine TCCs, 3 matched normal tissue samples, and 2 canine TCC cell lines. Whole exome capture was conducted using the Canine Agilent Sure-select in-solution capture system, and captured fragments were sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The sequences were mapped to the CanFam3.1 canine reference genome and somatic mutations were identified using Freebayes. Somatic mutations were characterized and compared to the Cancer Gene Census (COSMIC). Nonsense, missense, and insertion/deletion mutations were identified in 126 genes shown to be drivers or repressors in human cancer. Missense mutations were further screened using SIFT to identify alterations deleterious to protein function. The genes exhibiting in/dels, nonsense, or missense mutations with SIFT scores Citation Format: Belen Hernandez, Kathryn Cronise, James C. Costello, Rodney Page, Susan Lana, Kenneth L. Jones, Dawn L. Duval. Canine transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder expresses activated BRAF, but is not sensitive to vemurafenib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 617.