cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Receding Horizon Control under Uncertainty Using Optimal Input Design and the Unscented Transform

This paper presents a framework for receding horizon control under measurement or sensor uncertainty. Concepts from optimal input design (OID) are combined with the Unscented Transform (UT) developed for nonlinear estimation. UT algorithms represent probability distributions by a set of representative sample points that capture the first and second moments of the distribution. Using these sample points, the effects of nonlinear operators on a probability distribution can be approximated. This approximation can be used to calculate open-loop feedback control cost functions. Optimal input design enables receding horizon controllers to calculate and optimize a measure of the sensitivity of the estimation process to system inputs, thus enabling improvement of the state estimates during the control process.
Father-child interaction: associations with self-control and aggression among 4.5-year-olds

Examined correlates of positive father caregiving and harsh control among 721 (350 girls) four-year-old children through analysis of NICHD Study of Early Child Care data and 7050 (3450 girls) four-year-old children through analysis of Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort data. Findings from both samples suggest that, for both boys and girls, father positive care is associated with lower levels of impulsivity and higher ratings of inhibitory control. For girls, father positive care is associated with lower ratings of aggression. For boys, these findings suggest self-regulation moderates associations between father positive care and aggression. Some support was obtained for models of both moderation and mediation in the prediction of children's peer-based behaviour.
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in the twin gestation

The pregnancy outcomes of 56 women with a twin gestation and a prior cesarean birth were analyzed to determine whether a trial of labor was a reasonable consideration. Of these patients, 31 (55%) underwent an elective repeat cesarean delivery and 25 (45%) attempted vaginal delivery. Of those who attempted vaginal delivery, 18 (72%) were vaginally delivered of both infants. The dehiscence rate among women with twin pregnancies who attempted a trial of labor was 4% compared with 2% in women with singleton pregnancies. There were no significant differences in maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality rates in trial of labor versus no trial of labor groups. We conclude in this limited population that a trial of labor in a twin gestation after a previous cesarean delivery appears to be a reasonable consideration. The usual safeguards for attempted vaginal delivery in the twin gestation should be followed.
708-1 Defect Size with IV Dipyridamole Tc-99m Sestamibi SPECT Imaging Predicts Both Future Cardiac Events and Other Cardiac Hospitalizations

Optimal management of patients with coronary artery disease requires identification of those at greatest risk of future adverse cardiac events. The relationship between defect size after IV dipyridamole with Tc-99m Sestamibi SPECT imaging and cardiac events (death, MI) or need for other cardiac hospitalizations for CHF, unstable angina (UA) or late revascularization (REV) (g6 months after imaging) was evaluated in 512 pts followed for 12.8 ± 9.8 months. Defects were classified as small (Sml), moderate (Mod) or large (Lrg). Of 216 pts with normal scans, there were 3 cardiac events and 11 other cardiac hospitalizations. Of the 296 pts with abnormal scans, there were 22 cardiac events (Sml 1.5%, Mod 6.9%, Lrg 12.5%) and 51 other cardiac hospitalizations (Sml 6%, Mod 12%, Lrg 20%). An abnormal scan was a Download : Download high-res image (62KB) Download : Download full-size image significant and independent predictor of these events when compared with clinical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis compared to normal scans (normal = 1.0) demonstrated that the defect size predicted a progressively increased likelihood of cardiac events as well as need for other cardiac hospitalizations (Figure). There was a low event rate with small defects (similar to normal scans) while the highest event rates occurred in patients with large defects. Conclusion Defect size with IV dipyridamole Tc99m Sestamibi SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging is an independent predictor of future cardiac events (death, Ml) and other cardiac hospitalizations. This information may have important implications regarding the selection of patients for interventions.
Victims' Voices Domestic Assault Victims' Perceptions of Police Demeanor

The perspectives and experiences of victims have been underrepresented in the ongoing debate about mandatory arrest laws for domestic assault. This article presents findings relevant to this policy debate. The authors interviewed 25 victims whose assailants had been arrested under the provisions of the recently passed New York Family Protection and Domestic Violence Intervention Act. The authors' focus was on the respondents' experiences with the new law and specifically their perceptions of police demeanor toward them and their assailants. A majority of the participants reported multiple encounters with law enforcement prior to the arrest event. The authors identified four categories of police demeanor—minimizing the situation, disbelieving the victim, we don't care, and macho cop—that were crucial to victims' perceptions of how they were treated by officers. The importance of police demeanor in establishing the trust of victims is discussed and related to policy issues.
Involvement of hydroxyl radicals in neurogenic airway plasma exudation and bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs in vivo

1. Cigarette smoke induces plasma exudation in the airways of rodents by activation of capsaicin-sensitive 'sensory-efferent' nerves. The response is mediated predominantly by substance P (SP) and the magnitude of exudation is regulated by neutral endopeptidase (NEP). The component(s) of the smoke responsible for the activation of the nerves may be reactive oxygen radicals. We investigated the effect of the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a regulator of superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and a regulator of hydrogen peroxide, catalase, on plasma exudation (measured using Evans blue dye) induced by cigarette smoke in guinea-pig main bronchi in vivo. The effect of DMTU on plasma exudation and non-cholinergic bronchoconstriction (measured as pulmonary insufflation pressure, PIP) induced by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves was also assessed. Interaction between hydroxyl radicals and NEP was assessed with the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon. 2. In each of the experiments, cigarette smoke increased plasma exudation by approximately 200% above air-exposed controls. Acute administration of DMTU (1.5 g kg-1, i.v. for 20 min) significantly reduced cigarette smoke-induced plasma exudation by 69%. In contrast, neither SOD (240,000 u kg-1, i.v.) nor catalase (400,000 u kg-1, i.v.) significantly affected the exudative response. 3. Chronic pretreatment with DMTU (1.25 g kg-1 over 4 days) significantly reduced bronchial plasma exudation induced by cigarette smoke by 72%. Phosphoramidon (1.5 mg kg-1, i.v.) completely reversed the inhibition by DMTU of cigarette smoke-induced plasma exudation. 4. Vagal stimulation increased plasma exudation by approximately 200% and PIP by approximately 250%. Acute treatment with DMTU had no significant inhibitory effect on these responses, whereas chronic pretreatment inhibited them by approximately 80%. Phosphoramidon reversed the inhibition by chronic DMTU. 5. SP (1 nmol kg-1) increased plasma exudation by approximately 250%, a response which was not inhibited by either acute or chronic DMTU. 6. We conclude that hydroxyl radicals, rather than superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, are involved in the induction of neurogenic plasma exudation and bronchoconstriction induced by cigarette smoke or by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves. These radicals also affect the activity of NEP. Acute DMTU may affect directly the neural actions of hydroxyl radicals contained in the cigarette smoke. Chronic pretreatment with DMTU may inhibit the neurogenic airway responses by effects on tachykinin biosynthesis and/or axonal transport.
Comparison of sampling designs in the detection of spatial variability of Mississippi Delta soils

Precision application of agrichemicals requires an accurate assessment of the spatial structure of soil properties. Spatial structure analysis of soil properties could be influenced by sampling design especially on highly variable alluvial derived soils. The objective of this research was to compare spatial structure analysis between grid-point and grid-cell type sampling for alluvial derived soils, which vary more in one dimension than a second. Soil samples (0- to 0.15-m depth) were taken along two transects in an irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field located in the Lower Mississippi Valley flood plain and were analyzed for total C and N, extractable Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, and P, and pH. Moran's I autocorrelation coefficient was computed at preselected lag distances and correlograms were plotted to examine trends in autocorrelation. A correlation range of near 300 m appeared to be associated with sampling across two soil mapping units, while a shorter range as well as a cyclic spatial structure was likely influenced by alternating soil mapping units. Similarity in autocorrelation trends calculated using grid-point and grid-cell sampling designs suggests spatial pattern detection for soils of the Mississippi Delta can be achieved by either sampling methodology with a sampling resolution of approximately 46 m or less. Grid-point sampling compared with grid cell is more easily facilitated and requires less labor and time, but could be implemented more efficiently by using a grid with reduced sampling intensity in areas with a high probability of long-range autocorrelation.
Calcium-binding phosphoprotein: The principal acidic protein of mammalian sperm

Abstract A calcium-binding phosphoprotein previously found only in brain and adrenal medulla has been isolated from the adult bovine testis. The testicular protein is electrophoretically indistinguishable from the protein of adult bovine brain and adrenal medulla in 15% polyacrylamide gels at pH 8.3 and 4.7. Crude homogenates and acidic protein fractions of adult testis, fetal testis and epididymal spermatozoa were examined electrophoretically for the presence of this calcium-binding protein. The protein was present in homogenates of adult testis and epididymal spermatozoa but only to limited extent in the homogenate of fetal testis. It was the major acidic protein of spermatozoa. It appears likely that the calcium-binding protein evident in adult testicular tissue is contributed largely by the developing spermatozoa.
486 ROLE CONCEPTS AS PREDICTORS OF RESIDENTS PERFORMANCE

Recent work (Cook et al, Ped Res Abs 1976) has established a relationship (r=.47) between a physician's moral reasoning and the quality of clinical performance. To extend these studies of non-cognitive abilities a standardized interview was conducted with 100 residents in Pediatrics and Medicine, focusing on the doctor-patient relationship. Each subject's interview was scored blind (i.e., without knowledge of the subject's responses to other questions or of his performance rating). Responses were analyzed according to a fully defined 40-category scoring system. A Role Concept Index was computed using those categories which, on the basis of theory and pilot research, were expected to distinguish good from poor physicians. Clinical performance was independently rated by faculty on a 7-point scale. To date, 26 interviews have been analyzed. Initial results show a correlation of .41 (p<.05) between the Role Concept Index and overall performance. In particular, superior residents are distinguished in 15 role concept categories including the following: 1) role-taking ability (seeing the patient's problem from the patient's perspective), 2) encouragement of patients' participation in their management, 3) knowing one's own limits, 4) willingness to take responsibility, 5) willingness to make personal sacrifices, and 6) ability to prevent personal problems from interfering with patient care. The usefulness of the Role Concept Index in predicting clinical performance suggests its inclusion among criteria for residents' selection and evaluation.
Application of an artificial neural network to landcover classification of thematic mapper imagery

Abstract This paper explores the applicability of an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to land-cover classification of Thematic Mapper imagery. The ANN is presented training site examples to “learn” the association between these sites and the desired land-cover classes. The classification produced by the neural network is comparable to a conventional supervised classification using the same training sites. The ANN used in this research is a software simulation developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The motivations for the research are to substantiate the efficacy of a neural network for satellite image processing and to determine design parameters for future hardware implementation.
Comparison of human and chimpanzee ξ1 blobin genes

The DNA base sequences of the entire chimpanzee ξ1 globin gene and an additional 1 kb of DNA flanking both the human and chimpanzee genes have been determined. Whereas the human ξ1 gene contains a termination codon in the sixth position, the chimpanzee gene appears to be functional. This finding confirms Proudfoot et al.'s suggestion that the human ξ1 gene was recently inactivated. Like the corresponding human ξ1 and ξ2 genes, the first and second introns of the chimpanzee ξ1 gene are occupied largely by tandem repeats of short oligonucleotides. These tandem repeats have undergone several rearrangements since the divergence of the human and chimpanzee ξ1 genes.
Optimization of Distribution Parameters for Estimating Probability of Crack Detection

In the inspection of aircraft structures, the probability of detection has typically been determined based on the size of damage alone. However, the inspection process involves randomness due to variability in inspection conditions, including inspector competence, difficulties associated with the location, and type of damage. To account for these other factors, we develop a simple inspection model from the assumption that for each combination of crack location and inspector there is a threshold crack size, such that larger cracks will be detected and smaller ones will be missed. The proposed model fits the threshold crack sizes to 2603 detection events reported for 43 panels inspected by 62 inspectors from a U.S. Air Force study. The threshold values are obtained by maximizing the matching detection events between the model and the inspection data. First, when 62 inspector thresholds are used, the model matches 78 % of detection events. It is further increased to 81 % when both inspector and location thresholds are employed. For comparison, the matching percentage using crack size alone is only 55%. Cross-validation of the fitting process indicates that part of the improvement represents fitting noise in the data, and that only about 72% matching is repeatable. The proposed model is further extended by including randomness to represent inconsistent behavior of inspectors. Replicating the observed inconsistency for the same inspector reduces the matching to about the same 72 %. Confidence intervals of the proposed model are presented. The proposed model may be used to assess the effect of better training for inspectors, and this is illustrated with a study that shows that, if the poorer half of inspectors is replaced by the top half, the crack size identified with 50% probability can be reduced by half.
Endogenous IAA levels and development of coffee flower buds from dormancy to anthesis

Dormant coffee (Coffea arabica L.) flower buds require water stress to stimulate regrowth. A xylem specific water-soluble dye, azosulfamide, was used to quantify water uptake of buds after their release from dormancy by water stress. In non-stressed flower buds, the rate of water uptake was generally slower and variable compared to stressed flower buds, where the rate of uptake tripled from 1 to 3 days after rewatering and preceded the doubling of fresh and dry weight of buds. Free, ester and amide IAA levels of developing flower buds were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selective ion monitoring using an isotope dilution technique with [13C6]IAA as an internal standard. Throughout development, the majority of IAA was present as amide IAA. The proportions of amide and free IAA increased one day after plants were released from water stress, and preceded the doubling of fresh and dry weight. Free and conjugated IAA content per bud remained stable during the period of rapid flower growth until one day before anthesis.
Direct effects of manganese compounds on dopamine and its metabolite Dopac: an in vitro study.

Abstract Following combustion of fuel containing the additive methylcyclopentadienyl-manganese-tricarbonyl (MMT), manganese phosphate (MnPO4) and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) are emitted in the atmosphere. Manganese chloride (MnCl2), another Mn2+ species, is widely used experimentally. Using rat striatal slices, we found that MnPO4 decreased tissue and media dopamine (DA) and media Dopac (a DA metabolite) levels substantially more than either MnCl2 or MnSO4; antioxidants were partially protective. Also, both MnCl2 and MnPO4 (more potently) oxidized DA and Dopac even in the absence of tissue in the media, suggesting a direct interaction between Mn and DA/Dopac. Because aminochrome is a major oxidation product of DA, we next determined whether MnPO4 will be more potent in forming aminochrome than MnCl2 or MnSO4 which, indeed, was the case. Thus, a potential additional mechanism for the neurotoxic effects of environmentally relevant forms of Mn, MnPO4 in particular, is the generation of reactive DA intermediates.
Systematic Assessment of Noise Amplitude Generated by Toys Intended for Young Children

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the noise generated by toys targeted for children and to compare the results over the course of 4 consecutive holiday shopping seasons.Study DesignExperimental study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsDuring 2008-2011, more than 200 toys marketed for children older than 6 months were screened for loudness. The toys with sound output of more than 80 dBA at speaker level were retested in a soundproof audiometry booth. The generated sound amplitude of each toy was measured at speaker level and at 30 cm away from the speaker.ResultsNinety different toys were analyzed. The mean (SD) noise amplitude was 100 (8) dBA (range, 80-121 dBA) at the speaker level and 80 (11) dBA (range, 60-109 dBA) at 30 cm away from the speaker. Eighty-eight (98%) had more than an 85-dBA noise amplitude at speaker level, whereas 19 (26%) had more than an 85-dBA noise amplitude at a 30-cm distance. Only the mean noise amplitude at 30 cm significantly declined during the studied period...
InGaP HBT technology for RF and microwave instrumentation

Abstract An InGaP emitter HBT IC process developed for RF and microwave instrumentation is described. The process is based on MOCVD epitaxial material, 1 μm critical dimension (CD), G-line, stepper aligned lithography and SiCl 4 based reactive ion etching. F t and F max values of 65 and 75 GHz, respectively are achieved. The HBT technology is well suited for instrument applications in that it can simultaneously achieve both excellent reliability and high performance in terms of broad bandwidth, low phase noise, high gain and linearity. Circuits designed in the process include a Darlington feedback amplifier, which achieves 9.8 dB gain from dc to 20 GHz and dc to 16 GHz dividers. The circuits have been utilized in numerous instrument applications and have resulted in improvements in dynamic range, bandwidth and time-domain jitter. Extensive reliability testing of the InGaP emitter process indicates that MTTF values at T j =150°C and J C =6×10 4 A/cm 2 are greater than 4×10 5 h and are an order of magnitude larger than MTTF values for AlGaAs emitter devices.
Acceleration factor determination for potential-induced degradation in crystalline silicon PV modules

Potential-induced degradation in conventional p-type silicon-based photovoltaic solar cell modules is described as a failure mechanism involving positive ion migration, understood to be primarily Na+, drifting from the glass to the cells in negative-voltage arrays. Acceleration factors for this mechanism are determined for silicon photovoltaic modules by comparing the module power during degradation outdoors to that in accelerated testing at three temperatures and 85% relative humidity. A lognormal analysis is applied to the accelerated lifetime test data considering failure at 80% of the initial module power. Activation energy of 0.73 eV for the rate of failure is determined for the chamber testing at the constant relative humidity, and the probability of module failure at an arbitrary temperature is predicted. Estimation of module power in-situ in the environmental chamber is achieved using dark I-V measurements transformed by superposition. By this means, the power of the degrading module can be semi-continuously determined so that statistical data for multiple modules undergoing potential-induced degradation can be easily and accurately obtained.
Heredity and intraocular malignant melanoma: Study of two families and review of forty‐five cases

The importance of hereditary factors in etiologic studies of malignant neoplasms in man are analyzed by a review of 45 patients with histologically confirmed intraocular melanoma, by detailed study of six families containing 15 relatives with confirmed lesions and by a survey of ophthalmologists and dermatologists. The various sources indicate that familial occurrence of intraocular melanoma is rare. It was found only once in the 45 patients and three times in the survey of ophthalmologists and dermatologists. But, when a familial occurrence is observed, the lesion tends to follow an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Intraocular melanoma, whether in the 45 patients or in familial cases, showed no predilection for sex or for the right or left eyes. No association with the ABO and Rh blood group systems was observed. Intraocular melanoma in the 45 patients was first diagnosed about 20 years later in life than that observed in the familial cases. This difference is in keeping with other hereditary cancers which also show an earlier age at first diagnosis than the same neoplasm in the general population.
Epithelial ovarian cancer.

The incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in women aged 40 years and younger is 3–17%. The management of these women is challenging and requires balancing the need to treat epithelial ovarian cancer adequately and preserving reproductive potential. Fertility-sparing surgery, especially for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer, seems to be associated with equivalent clinical and cancer outcomes while preserving reproductive potential. A complete staging and cytoreductive procedure retaining the uterus, and at least one grossly normal ovary, is the minimum recommended procedure. Adjuvant chemotherapy with a platinum-taxane combination is recommended as clinically indicated, and is associated with better cancer and survival outcomes. Adjuvant treatment does not seem to increase the risk of congenital anomalies in subsequent pregnancies. Targeted therapy and ovarian cryopreservation are largely experimental and cannot be recommended as part of the clinical standard of care.
Does Resistance to Pyrazinamide Accurately Indicate the Presence of Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis is best identified by screening those isolates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that have any pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance, using a confirmatory test such as spoligotyping, biochemical testing, or genomic deletion analysis. The sensitivity for detection of M. bovis is lowered to 82% when only PZA-monoresistant isolates are screened.
The role of componential analysis, categorical hypothesising, replicability and confirmation bias in testing for bilingual advantages in executive functioning

Kroll and Bialystok assert that managing two languages leads to a reorganisation of the neural circuits involved in language and cognitive processing and to bilingual advantages in executive functioning. This commentary documents that bilingual advantages in inhibitory control, switching and monitoring are difficult to replicate. Kroll and Bialystok argue that the use of componential analyses and categorical hypothesising are often responsible for the null results and that these research practices have created a false controversy surrounding the existence of bilingual advantages. An alternative perspective is presented suggesting that the appearance of a steady stream of published reports has been exaggerated because of the frequent use of risky small n's, a confirmation bias to report positive findings and a reluctance to conduct and report exact replications.
CIPK3, a Calcium Sensor–Associated Protein Kinase That Regulates Abscisic Acid and Cold Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis

Plants respond to environmental stress by activating “stress genes.” The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in stress-responsive gene expression. Although Ca2+ serves as a common second messenger in signaling stress and ABA, little is known about the molecular basis of Ca2+ action in these pathways. Here, we show that CIPK3, a Ser/Thr protein kinase that associates with a calcineurin B–like calcium sensor, regulates ABA response during seed germination and ABA- and stress-induced gene expression in Arabidopsis. The expression of the CIPK3 gene itself is responsive to ABA and stress conditions, including cold, high salt, wounding, and drought. Disruption of CIPK3 altered the expression pattern of a number of stress gene markers in response to ABA, cold, and high salt. However, drought-induced gene expression was not altered in the cipk3 mutant plants, suggesting that CIPK3 regulates select pathways in response to abiotic stress and ABA. These results identify CIPK3 as a molecular link between stress- and ABA-induced calcium signal and gene expression in plant cells. Because the cold signaling pathway is largely independent of endogenous ABA production, CIPK3 represents a cross-talk “node” between the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in stress responses.
Growth and water use of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) leeke)

Abstract A field study during the 1981 growing season was conducted at Manhattan, KS, to determine the genotypic differences in grain sorghum and pearl millet performance under favorable soil moisture conditions. Four sorghum hybrids (RS 626, RS 671, G 623-GBR, and A 28+) and four millet genotypes (Senegal bulk, Serere 3A, H 2150 × 1137 and HMP 550) were studied, and soil moisture, leaf and air temperatures, stomatal resistance and xylem water potential were measured. The grain yield of sorghum was about 37% greater than that of millet, whereas the total dry matter yield was similar for both. Among the sorghum hybrids, A 28+ showed the lowest yield while the other three hybrids did not show a definite pattern of superiority. Among the millets, the highest grain yield was found for H 2150 × 1137. The kernel weight and head weight of pearl millet were less than for sorghum, but the number of heads was greater for millet. The average cumulative water use under well-watered conditions was higher for millet (60.4 cm) than for sorghum hybrids (56.2 cm). The water use efficiency (WUE) for total dry matter was about 3.8 times higher for millet, and was 2.4 times higher for sorghum, as compared to grain water use efficiency. The WUE for grain of sorghum was more than twice that of millet. The major quantity of water was extracted from 15 to 120 cm soil depth by the sorghum, whereas millet genotypes extracted water beyond 300 cm soil depth. Xylem water potential and stomatal resistance of sorghum were lower than those of pearl millet, but millet was slightly cooler than sorghum. There was a linear relationship between the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and canopy minus air temperature (Tc − Ta) for both sorghum and millet.
Prevalence of familial hypertriglyceridemia: the Princeton School District Family Study.

Abstract Using the Princeton School Family Study cohort, our specific aim was to estimate the prevalence of suspected familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG), to study the potential contributions of secondary hypertriglyceridemias in hypertriglyceridemic probands, and to provide empirical risk estimates for the proportion of probands' first-degree relatives who also had top decile triglyceride levels. Suspected FHTG was arbitrarily identified in those kindreds having at least two first-degree relatives in the top age-sex-race-specific triglyceride decile, along with the proband. We studied 177 (125 white, 52 black) randomly recalled and 202 hyperlipidemic (hypertriglyceridemic and/or hypercholesterolemic) recall (147 white, 55 black) probands and their families. None of the 9 top triglyceride decile probands from the random recall group had FHTG. Of the 81 top triglyceride decile probands from the hyperlipidemic recall group, 23 (28%) had suspected FHTG, and 6 (7%) of the top triglyceride decile probands had suspected FHTG with three-generation vertical (and horizontal) transmission of top decile triglyceride. An average of 24% of the first-degree relatives of all hypertriglyceridemic probands themselves had top decile triglycerides. In hypertriglyceridemic probands and their affected relatives, factors that may cause secondary hypertriglyceridemia or exacerbate preexisting hypertriglyceridemia were common: poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, excessive alcohol intake, hepatic dysfunction, use of estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives, and use of antihypertensive agents. Quetelet index and alcohol intake had significant simple correlations with triglyceride levels; after adjusting for Quetelet index, alcohol had no significant independent relationship to triglycerides. There were significant partial correlations of triglycerides with systolic blood pressure and an inverse association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) with diastolic blood pressure. In 14 of the 23 kindreds with suspected FHTG there were also 2 or more kindred members who had top decile low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), suggestive of combined hyperlipidemia. Whatever definition of FHTG is used, identification of hypertriglyceridemia may reveal other underlying risk factors for coronary heart disease, including low HDLC, and/or elevated LDLC. The clustering of atherosclerosis in suspected FHTG kindreds may be related in part to familial clustering of high triglycerides, high LDLC, and/or low levels of HDLC.
Organizing a campus computer coordinator group

About three years ago the campus computer center, Computing and Telecommunications Services (CATS), started having meetings with campus computer coordinators. These computer coordinators support academic departments, administrative departments, and microcomputer laboratories. Once a month we all get together and recommend campus computing policy for the campus, which is then passed on to a high level Vice-Chancellor computing committee.A small part of the meeting is devoted to the above policy issues. Much of the meeting is spent discussing issues that concern the coordinators. We discuss coordinating hardware/software recommendations, coordinating software updates campus-wide, and other day-to-day policy matters.These monthly meetings help us discuss common problems and talk about solutions. It is also an opportunity to meet other computer coordinators. The meetings are well attended and agreements reached in this group have impact on the whole campus since the whole computing campus is represented. This paper will talk about how we have set up and coordinated this type of meeting.
Oscillatory neural networks in the rabbit hippocampus

A model is described to account for damped oscillatory activity of two interacting neural populations, pyramidal cells and interneurons. This network in the hippocampus is treated as a lumped system with tine delays between elements. The physiological mechanism underlying the oscillatory activity appears to involve neural population interaction and cannot be described in terms of a network composed of but two neurons, a single pyramidal cell and a single interneuron. An unusual aspect of the model is the explicit incorporation of an ongoing background input to raise the mean level of activity of the pyramidal cell population. This model has evolved from a series of studies previously performed on cats. To test the model experiments were performed on rabbits. The data showing oscillatory activity following fornix stimulation in the rabbit indicate that the model can be applied not only to the cat but also to the rabbit. In additions, for commissural stimulation oscillatory potentials of neural populations and individual pyramidal cells were evoked as predicted by the model.
The power supply system of the CLEO III silicon detector

Abstract The CLEO III detector has recently commenced data taking at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). One important component of this detector is a four layer double-sided silicon tracker with 93% solid angle coverage. This detector ranges in size and number of readout channels between the LEP and LHC silicon detectors. In order to reach the detector performance goals of signal-to-noise ratios greater than 15 : 1 low noise front-end electronics together with highly regulated low noise power supplies were used. In this paper, we describe the low-noise power supply system and associated monitoring and safety features used by the CLEO III silicon tracker.
Chemical Corrections to the Measured Muon Magnetic Moment

A plausible description of the behavior of a ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ meson in aqueous solutions is given which suggests a reduction of almost 20 parts per million in the measured ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ magnetic moment. When combined with muonium hyperfine measurements it supports a value of the fine structure constant which almost halves the disagreement between theory and experiment for the hyperfine structure in hydrogen.
Genealogy-Based Methods for Inference of Historical Recombination and Gene Flow and Their Application in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetic exchange between isolated populations, or introgression between species, serves as a key source of novel genetic material on which natural selection can act. While detecting historical gene flow from DNA sequence data is of much interest, many existing methods can be limited by requirements for deep population genomic sampling. In this paper, we develop a scalable genealogy-based method to detect candidate signatures of gene flow into a given population when the source of the alleles is unknown. Our method does not require sequenced samples from the source population, provided that the alleles have not reached fixation in the sampled recipient population. The method utilizes recent advances in algorithms for the efficient reconstruction of ancestral recombination graphs, which encode genealogical histories of DNA sequence data at each site, and is capable of detecting the signatures of gene flow whose footprints are of length up to single genes. Further, we employ a theoretical framework based on coalescent theory to test for statistical significance of certain recombination patterns consistent with gene flow from divergent sources. Implementing these methods for application to whole-genome sequences of environmental yeast isolates, we illustrate the power of our approach to highlight loci with unusual recombination histories. By developing innovative theory and methods to analyze signatures of gene flow from population sequence data, our work establishes a foundation for the continued study of introgression and its evolutionary relevance.
Viral interference with antibody and complement.

Viruses have evolved strategies to evade immunity mediated by antibody and complement. Herpesviruses and coronaviruses encode IgG Fc binding proteins that inhibit IgG activity, enabling the virus or infected cell to escape antibody attack. Herpesviruses, vaccinia virus and HIV-1 have the capacity to interfere with complement, either by incorporation of cellular complement regulatory proteins into the virion envelope or cell membrane, or by expression of viral molecules that mimic functions of complement regulatory proteins. The structure and biological activities of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins gE, gI and gC are described. These glycoproteins protect HSV from immune attack; HSV-1 gE/gI form a complex that binds the Fc domain of IgG while gC is a C3b binding complement regulatory protein, providing a survival advantage to the virus in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting immune functions.
Implementing Interpersonal Psychotherapy in a Psychiatry Residency Training Program

Objective Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for depression is a brief, well researched treatment for acute major depression. This article describes the implementation of IPT as an evidence-based treatment for depression in a psychiatry residency program.
Superconducting pairing of holes in the antiferromagnetic state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model

The weak-coupling form of the effective interaction between two holes in the antiferromagnetic state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model near half-filling is derived. It is shown to predict a Cooper instability in the singlet $d$-wave channel, with binding temperature ${T}_{c}g100$ K. Our results differ from those of the "spin-bag" theory of Schrieffer, Wen, and Zhang.
Thermally stimulated polarization current in sodium germanate glass

The electrical conductivity of XNa2O·(100−X)GeO2 glasses where X is 0.19 and 27.5 mol%, was studied by means of the technique of thermally stimulated polarization current. The compositional dependence of the parameter σ0T/n1/3, where σ0 is the preexponential facor for conductivity and n is the nominal concentration of sodium ions, suggests that these glasses contain some sort of inhomogeneities. This suggestion is supported by the phase diagram.
Stent-Graft Placement Procedures for Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms

Descending thoracic aortic aneurysms most often are caused by arteriosclerosis and appear most frequently in elderly males. These patients often are asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms related to compression of adjacent thoracic structures, or they may present for treatment when their-aneurysms rupture. Open surgical resections and repairs of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms are associated with bleeding, paraplegia, strokes, renal insufficiency, and the need for prolonged ventilatory support in the postoperative period. At Stanford (Calif) University Hospital, surgeons are placing endovascular stent-grafts in patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms who meet specific anatomic selection criteria. This new treatment modality provides patients with a less invasive, less hazardous, and potentially less expensive alternative to open surgical resection and repair procedures. Preoperative teaching and skilled perioperative nursing care are essential for positive patient outcomes with stent-graft treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms.
Multiple peak formation in laser ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract Molecules in the source region of a time of flight mass spectrometer are ionized by ultraviolet laser radiation. Under certain conditions mass spectra consisting of a remarkably periodic set of ion peaks are generated. It is demonstrated that these result from spatially periodic ionization within the mass spectrometer which is a consequence of the development of standing electromagnetic waves.
An Overflow-Free Residue Multiplier

Residue arithmetic is receiving increased attention due to its ability to support very high-speed parallel arithmetic. However, dynamic range overflow remains a serious problem. Contemporary overflow management schemes rely on inefficient scaling algorithms. In this paper, an overflow-inhibiting residue multiplier is architected and tested. The system makes use the popularthree moduliset{2n − 1,2n, 2"+ 1}. Based on 4K high-speed memory technology, a practical 16-bit multiplier can be configured. An error model for the derived residue arithmetic unit is presented and experimentally verified.
P3-089: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers distinguish mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment from cognitively healthy aging

Elaine R. Peskind, Ge Li, Joseph F. Quinn , Jeffery A. Kaye , Christopher M. Clark , Martin R. Farlow , Charles DeCarli , Murray A. Raskind , Eric C. Petrie , James Leverenz , Gerard D. Schellenberg , Barbara Cottrell , Douglas R. Galasko , University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Oregon Health and Science University and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapoli, IN, USA; University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. Contact e-mail: peskind@u.washington.edu
Verbal and spatial encoding of text

Two experiments were conducted which examined conjoint retention of spatial and verbal information in memory. The first experiment examined processing of text with simultaneous active dual coding. With spatial and verbal information from experiment one, the second experiment examined the effects of introducing dual coding prior to text processing and keyed recall to what was encoded prior to reading. Recall of both concrete features and events referring to these features was keyed to constructive encoding processes. Even minimal cueing produced better recall than no cues. Spatial primers produced not only better recall of features, but subjects who encoded spatial primers demonstrated increased ability to recall those primers. Results were interpretet in terms of dual coding theory for encoding and retrieval.
The Lipid–Protein Interface of aShaker K+ Channel

Tryptophan-substitution mutagenesis was applied to the first and third transmembrane segments (S1 and S3) of a Shaker-type K+ channel for the purpose of ascertaining whether these sequences are α-helical. Point mutants were examined for significant functional changes, indicated by the voltage-activation curves and gating kinetics. Helical periodicity of functional alteration was observed throughout the entire S1 segment. A similar result was obtained with the first 14 residues of S3, but this periodicity disappeared towards the extracellular side of this transmembrane sequence. In both helical stretches, tryptophan-tolerant positions are clustered on approximately half the α-helix surface, as if the sidechains are exposed to the hydrocarbon region of the lipid bilayer. These results, combined with an analogous study of S2 (Monks, S., D.J. Needleman, and C. Miller. 1999. J. Gen. Physiol. 113:415–423), locate S1, S2, and S3 on the lipid-facing periphery of Kv channels.
The medulla oblongata: the vital center for descending modulation.

The timely review by Tavares and Lima summarizes recent advances on the role of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in descending inhibition of nociception. A restricted area located medial to the ventromedial pole of the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and lateral to the lateral reticular nucleus, the VLMlat, is pinpointed as an important site for mediating descending inhibition. The VLMlat has reciprocal connections with neurons in lamina I of the spinal cord and connects with neural circuits that produce descending inhibition. Direct electrical stimulation of the VLMlat region inhibits nociceptive transmission at the spinal level. Because the CVLM is conveniently located in a segment of the brain that regulates cardiovascular, respiratory, and other visceral activities, it is conceivable that the CVLM contributes to somatovisceral and somatoautonomic integration of nociceptive responses. Several issues related to the role of the CVLM in descending inhibition can be discussed further.
Calpain II-dependent solubilization of a nuclear protein kinase at micromolar calcium concentrations.

Abstract Incubation of isolated, Triton X-100 washed rat liver nuclei with purified bovine myocardial calpain II resulted in solubilization of a histone H1 kinase activity. The release of kinase from nuclei could be prevented by including the calpain inhibitors leupeptin or calpastatin in the incubation. Titration with Ca2+/EGTA buffers indicated that the calpain-dependent release of the kinase was half-maximal at approximately 3 μM Ca2+. In contrast, calpain II required at least 50 μM Ca2+ to produce detectable proteolysis of soluble or membrane-associated substrates. These results suggest that the cell nucleus is a site of calpain II activation and function.
Helium transport and exhaust experiments in tokamaks

Abstract This is a review of recent experiments on helium transport and exhaust in tokamaks. The experiments are discussed in the light of requirements placed on alpha particle confinement for sustained ignition. The ratio of alpha particle replacement time to energy confinement time must be sufficiently small, and is used as a figure-of-merit for assessing the performance of experiments. The attainment of adequate helium removal depends most sensitively on recycling processes, pumping and boundary screening. Since no experiments exactly modeling the geometry or conditions in next step reactors have been performed, heavy emphasis is placed on identifying and understanding fundamental processes so that valid extrapolation is possible. Experiments have thus been carried out for basic regimes (L- and ELMy H-mode confinement, conventional high recycling divertor) and for improved performance conditions, both for the core (ELM-free H-mode, VH-mode, supershot, reverse shear, high βpol mode) and in the edge/divertor (completely detached H-mode, detached limiter). The core helium transport database has been accumulated mainly by gas puffing experiments, where the helium source is localized at the edge. Experiments with a central helium source from helium neutral beam injection find similar behavior, for the basic confinement regimes. Work is underway to make this comparison for improved confinement regimes. Results of integrated helium transport and exhaust experiments generally show adequate helium exhaust for next step reactors, but a widely used technique for helium exhaust (argon frost pumping) has been found to have important limitations for exploration of improved divertor (gas target) regimes. There has been less activity in the study of improved core and divertor operational modes, but a database is beginning to accumulate. While the figure-of-merit parameters for helium removal are favorable for next step reactors predicated on the basic core and divertor modes, the lack of similarity with next step devices requires the use of validated models even in this case, and these have been improved considerably.