cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Modified Transtibial Technique Was Similar to an Anteromedial Portal Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Youm YS, Cho SD, Lee SH, Youn CH. Modified Transtibial Versus Anteromedial Portal Technique in Anatomic Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison of Femoral Tunnel Position and Clinical Results. Am J Sports Med. 2014 Dec;42(12):2941-7. ### Question: In patients having single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, how does a modified transtibial technique compare with an anteromedial portal technique for femoral tunnel positioning? ### Design: Randomized (allocation concealed), blinded (patients and outcome assessor), controlled trial with a mean follow-up of 24 months. ### Setting: A university hospital in Ulsan, Korea. ### Patients: 40 patients (mean age, 29 years; 98% men) who were undergoing anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft. Exclusion criteria were previous ACL reconstruction, posterior cruciate ligament ruptures or posterolateral rotatory instability, or fractures around the knee joint. All patients completed follow-up. ### Intervention: Patients were allocated to reconstruction with the modified transtibial technique (n = 20) or the anteromedial portal technique (n = 20). For the modified transtibial technique, the knee was flexed to 80°. For the anteromedial portal technique, the knee was fully flexed. The procedures were otherwise the same. ### Main outcome measures: Subjective evaluations were the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score, the Lysholm knee score, and the Tegner activity …
Architecting Engineering Systems

We discuss approaches to the overall design of large scale engineering systems, such as planes, cars and large software systems. Such approaches are usually called design methodologies. We discuss the top-down structured methodology, the layered or platform-based methodology, and the network-based methodology. Such design methodologies are associated with organizational structures or architectures, such as tree-structured hierarchies, layered hierarchies and generic networks. We discuss the relationship of these approaches to Aristotle’s approach to the organization of Greek city-states and his logic-based problem solving, to Plato’s organization of the Just Society, and to Darwin’s use of evolution as an approach to design. We point out how these design methodologies relate to cultural attitudes toward engineering. We also point out that different engineering fields make different fundamental assumptions about properties of engineering systems, such as flexibility. We believe that undergraduate engineering education would be greatly improved if we taught design methodologies and their relation to philosophy. Similarly, engineering education would be improved if we taught foundational concepts regarding properties of engineering systems and the differing built-in assumptions regarding such properties found in various engineering disciplines.
The central nervous system is a viral reservoir in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques on combined antiretroviral therapy: A model for human immunodeficiency virus patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy

This study used a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-macaque model to determine whether virus persists in the central nervous system (CNS) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in which plasma viral load has been suppressed by highly active antiretroviral therapy. SIV-infected macaques were treated with two reverse transcriptase inhibitors: PMPA (9-R-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine), which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and FTC (beta-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thia-5-fluorocytidine), which does. Viral DNA and RNA were quantitated in the brain after 6 months of suppression of virus replication in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Viral DNA was detected in brain from all macaques, including those in which peripheral viral replication had been suppressed either by antiretroviral therapy or host immune responses. Significant neurological lesions were observed only in one untreated macaque that had active virus replication in the CNS. Expression of the inflammatory markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II and CD68 was significantly lower in macaques treated with PMPA/FTC. Thus, although antiretroviral treatment may suppress virus replication in the periphery and the brain and reduce CNS inflammation, viral DNA persists in the brain despite treatment. This suggests that the brain may serve as a long-term viral reservoir in HIV-infected individuals treated with antiretroviral drugs that suppress virus replication.
Dendritic Cells Are Required for Optimal Activation of Natural Killer Functions following Primary Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the optimal clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in mice. Activated NK cells function via cytokine secretion or direct cytolysis of target cells; dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to make critical contributions in the activation of both of these functions. Yet, the magnitude and physiological relevance of DC-mediated NK cell activation in vivo is not completely understood. To examine the contribution of DC help in regulating NK cell functions after infection with HSV-1, we utilized a transgenic mouse model that allows the transient ablation of DCs. Using this approach, it was found that the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) expression potential of NK cells is quantitatively and qualitatively impaired in the absence of DCs. With regard to priming of NK cytolytic functions, the ablation of DCs did not significantly affect cytotoxic protein expression by NK cells. An in vivo cytolytic assay did, however, reveal impairments in the magnitude of NK cell cytotoxicity. Overall, this study provides direct evidence that functional DCs are required for optimal IFN-γ expression and cytolytic function by NK cells following infection with HSV-1.
Accrual of MRI white matter abnormalities in elderly with normal and impaired mobility.

White matter signal abnormality (WMSA) is often present in the MRIs of older persons with mobility impairment. We examined the relationship between impaired mobility and the progressive accrual of WMSA. Mobility was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and quantitative measures of gait and balance. Fourteen subjects had baseline and follow-up MRI scans performed 20 months apart. WMSA was detected and quantified using automated computer algorithms. In the control subjects, WMSA volume increased by 0.02±0.05% ICCV (percent intracranial cavity volume)/year while the WMSA of mobility impaired subjects increased five-times faster (0.10±0.10 ICCV/year, p=0.03). WMSA volume was related to some of the mobility measures and was sensitive to change which was not true of the other MRI variables. The study demonstrates the sensitivity of longitudinal automated volumetric analysis of WMSA to differentiate differences in the accrual rate of WMSA in groups selected on the basis of mobility. Based on these results, we propose that a subset of subjects with mobility impairment have accelerated, disease related WMSA accrual, thus explaining the rapid progression of mobility impairment in some older persons without apparent cause. This study demonstrates that quantitative MRI and performance measures can provide valuable insight into the rate of progression and pathophysiologic abnormalities underlying mobility impairment.
Job Skill and Black Male Wage Discrimination

Objective. Debate over the causes of wage inequality have raised suggestions that, rather than discrimination, skill differences may be the reason for racial wage disparities. The purpose of this research is to examine what impact on-the-job skill differences have on wage inequality. Method. I regress the log wage onto race and a measure of skill. The Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality Employer Survey is particularly useful in this analysis because it contains the employer's evaluation of the worker's relative skill against other workers. Result. When white and black men have the same employer's competitive performance rating, rather than decreasing racial wage differences, the differences actually increase. Conclusion. The wage gap is not a skills gap, but evidence of racial discrimination in the labor market.
Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among children and adolescents: United States, 2003-2006.

Objective The implementation of policies that prohibit tobacco smoking in public places has resulted in a significant reduction in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the US population; however, such policies do not extend to private homes, where children continue to be exposed. Our objective was to assess SHS exposure among US children and adolescents by using serum cotinine measures to compare those who were exposed to SHS in the home and those without home exposure. Methods We analyzed serum cotinine data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 5518 children (3-11 years) and nonsmoking adolescents (12-19 years). We calculated geometric mean serum cotinine levels by sociodemographic and household characteristics according to self-reported home SHS exposure. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate independent predictors of serum cotinine levels. Results Geometric mean serum cotinine levels were 1.05 ng/mL among those with home SHS exposure and 0.05 ng/mL among those without home exposure. Among children who were exposed to SHS at home, serum cotinine levels were inversely associated with age and were similar for non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children. Conversely, among children without SHS exposure at home, serum cotinine levels were higher among non-Hispanic black compared with non-Hispanic white children, and there was no relationship with age. Mexican American children had the lowest level of SHS exposure. Conclusions Serum cotinine levels were an order of magnitude higher among children with reported SHS exposure at home compared with those with no exposure in the home.
The effect of dilution levels in premixes on micro-ingredient dispersion in animal feeds

Abstract A drug, a salt, and a coloured iron-particle tracer were used in experiments to determine the effect of micro-ingredient dilution on the dispersion of micro-ingredients in animal feeds. The drug and tracer materials were introduced into the final feed-batch mixing process at six dilution levels. As a control, the test materials were added into the final batch, undiluted, as supplied by the manufacturers. Premixes were prepared by diluting the drug, iron-particle tracer, vitamins, and trace minerals at one part micro-ingredient to one part diluent (1:1) and, similarly, at dilution ratios of 1:5, 1:10, 1:25 and 1:50. Each dilution was added to a separate batch of a 32% medicated supplement for feedlot cattle. Ten samples of the final feed were drawn from each batch of supplement and assayed for the test materials. A salt was included in the macro-ingredient portion of the formula and assayed to test the efficiency of the final mixer and to study the effect of the dilution level of micro-ingredients on the total mixing process. Results of these experiments do not indicate a significant difference in micro-ingredient or tracer dispersion at any of the six dilution levels. Additionally, no differences were observed in the dispersion of salt in the final blends, regardless of the dilution level.
From Town-Halls to Wikis: Exploring Wikipedia's Implications for Deliberative Democracy

This essay examines the implications Wikipedia holds for theories of deliberative democracy. It argues that while similar in some respects, the mode of interaction within Wikipedia represents a distinctive form of “collaborative editing” that departs from many of the qualities traditionally associated with face-to-face deliberation. This online mode of interaction overcomes many of the problems that distort face-to-face deliberations. By mitigating problems that arise in deliberative practice, such as “group polarization” and “hidden profiles,” the wiki model often realizes the epistemic and procedural aspirations of deliberative democracy. These virtues of the Wikipedia model should not, however, lead to the simple conclusion that it ought to replace traditional faceto-face deliberation. Instead, this essay argues that the collaborative editing process found within Wikipedia ought to be viewed as a promising supplement to traditional deliberation. These two modes of communication ought to be viewed in Madisonian terms – as distinctive forms of interaction that check and balance the vices of one another. When combined, the wiki model promotes the virtues of inclusion and accuracy at large scales, while the face-to-face model excels in conditions of localism and promotes the virtues of solidarity and social capital.
On the noise-compensated Yule-Walker equations

Recently, a method of estimating the parameters of an AR(p) random process based on measurements corrupted by additive white noise was described. The method involves solving a matrix pencil, called the noise-compensated Yule-Walker (NCYW) equations, for the AR parameters and the variance of the measurement noise. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for there to exist a unique solution to the NCYW equations.
Remarks from the section president

VGP remains strong, healthy, and growing in number of abstracts submitted to each meeting. The recent Spring Meeting was the largest AGU meeting ever to be held on the East Coast. The next Spring Meeting will be held in Montreal, May 11–15, 1992. It's not too early to begin planning special sessions. Special sessions are extremely important to the well-being of sections. They focus attention on timely research directions and are fun to organize and attend. For more information on program arrangements for special sessions, contact Randy Van Schmus, Dept. of Geology, University of Kansas; tel. 913-864-3676.
Modeling IP responses in test case generation for systems-on-chip verification

Systems-on-chip (SoCs) are growing in complexity, and, as a consequence, getting more difficult to verify. An added challenge involves verifying system correctness in the presence of various responses produced by IP blocks in a SoC. The Transgen methodology was developed a solution for random test case generation for SoC system verification. We demonstrate how Transgen handles the issue of random response generation for SoC tests. We discuss how the lack of complete temporal information during testcase generation causes prediction errors. Finally, we explore the various heuristics used to minimize the effect of these errors on the, verification effort.
ENTEROTOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS BY PROGENY OF REPAIRED HEAT‐INJURED CELLS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

By using a method which permitted the selection cfrepaired.celle from a population of heat-injured and noninjured cells of Staphylococcus aureus 196E, we were able to determine that the progeny of repaired cells retained the ability to produce enterotoxin A (SEA)" There were large v~rldtions 'iii the.' amount of SEA produced by the progeny of individual colony forming units (CFU) before and after heating. The average amount of SEA pro'd,ilCedby the . progeny of noninjured and repaired staphylococci were similar and not significantly different.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Maintains mTOR Activity and Its Perinuclear Localization during Amino Acid Deprivation

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is present in 2 functionally distinct complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2). Active mTORC1 mediates phosphorylation of eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP) and p70 S6 kinase (S6K), which is important for maintaining translation. During human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, cellular stress responses are activated that normally inhibit mTORC1; however, previous data show that HCMV infection circumvents stress responses and maintains mTOR kinase activity. Amino acid deprivation is a stress response that normally inhibits mTORC1 activity. Amino acids can signal to mTORC1 through the Rag proteins, which promote the colocalization of mTORC1 with its activator Rheb-GTP in a perinuclear region, thereby inducing 4E-BP and S6K phosphorylation. As expected, our results show that amino acid depletion in mock-infected cells caused loss of mTORC1 activity and loss of the perinuclear localization; however, there was no loss of activity or perinuclear localization in HCMV-infected cells where the perinuclear localization of Rheb-GTP and mTOR coincided with the perinuclear assembly compartment (AC). This suggested that HCMV infection bypasses normal Rag-dependent amino acid signaling. This was demonstrated by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) depletion of Rag proteins, which had little effect on mTORC1 activity in infected cells but inhibited activity in mock-infected cells. Our data show that HCMV maintains mTORC1 activity in an amino acid- and Rag-independent manner through the colocalization of mTOR and Rheb-GTP, which occurs in association with the formation of the AC, thus bypassing inhibition that may result from lowered amino acid levels.
A double blind comparison of the effects of amlodipine and enalapril on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients.

This study compares the effects of a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) on in vivo insulin sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. Forty-six patients with mild and moderate hypertension were studied. After a 2-week single-blind placebo phase, they were randomly assigned to double-blind therapy with either amlodipine (2.5 to 10 mg/day) or enalapril (5 to 40 mg/day) for 16 weeks. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics, degree of obesity, metabolic parameters, and arterial blood pressure. Insulin sensitivity was measured at baseline and at week 16 during the active phase using euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps. Arterial blood pressure decreased similarly in both groups. Whole body glucose uptake (M-value) increased with amlodipine from 3.63 +/- 0.32 (mean +/- SEM) to 3.97 +/- 0.31 mg/kg/min (P = .02). A similar tendency was observed with enalapril: from 3.59 +/- 0.32 to 3.94 +/- 0.30 mg/kg/min (P = .09). A trend to lower steady-state insulin level during the second clamp (compared to baseline) was observed in both groups. The clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index (that corrects for steady-state insulin levels and glucose levels during the clamp) increased similarly in both groups: from 1.15 +/- 0.11 to 1.39 +/- 0.13 with amlodipine (P = .03) and from 1.25 +/- 0.13 to 1.49 +/- 0.16 with enalapril (P = .01). LDL cholesterol decreased with amlodipine (mean change, -11.3 mg/dL, P = .004). Amlodipine and enalapril were associated with increments in insulin sensitivity. Amlodipine provided an additional benefit with decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Are Multicultural Courses Addressing Disparities? Exploring Multicultural and Affirmative Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Competencies of Counseling and Psychology Students.

Clinical training and counselor competency are essential for ethical practice when working with multiethnic, lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB), and transgender clients. In this study, the author examined how multicultural courses related to students' (N = 286) LGB and multicultural competencies. Self-reported multicultural and LGB competencies varied significantly depending on the number and types of diversity education reported. Multicultural courses significantly predicted students' multicultural, but not LGB counselor competency. Political conservatism was the strongest predictor for both multicultural and sexual orientation competencies. La formacion y competencias multiculturales afirmativas hacia individuos gays, lesbianas y bisexuales (LGB, por sus siglas en ingles) de consejeros son esenciales para una practica clinica etica. En este estudio, el autor examino como los cursos multiculturales se relacionaron con las competencias multiculturales de un grupo de estudiantes (N = 286). Las competencias multiculturales y sobre LGB autorreportadas variaron significativamente dependiendo del numero y tipos de educacion sobre diversidad reportados. Los cursos multiculturales predijeron de forma significativa la competencia multicultural de los estudiantes, pero no la competencia sobre LGB en consejeria. La ideologia politica conservadora fue el predictor mas fuerte de las competencias multiculturales y sobre orientacion sexual.
A programmatic study of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: Assessment, process, outcome, and training

The author reviews findings from his research program on short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. A hybrid model of psychotherapy research is outlined that integrates efficacy and effectiveness methodology to examine interrelated issues regarding (a) psychological assessment, (b) psychotherapy process, (c) treatment outcome, and (d) training of graduate clinicians. The integration of applied clinical research initiatives into a doctoral training program, clinical implications, and directions for future research are also presented.
CM noise containment in a DC-fed motor drive system using DM filter

This work proposes an improved filter topology based on conventional filter design for dc-fed motor drive system with long cable connections where EMI filters are required for both AC and DC side. This paper investigates the interactions between AC and DC side filters based on the analysis of common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) EMI noise equivalent circuits. With this consideration, a filter topology with connecting the AC and DC DM capacitor midpoint topology is proposed. This topology is similar with the conventional design, but it utilizes the existing large DM capacitors to confine the noise within the converter and attenuate both AC and DC CM noise. Detail frequency domain analysis is provides and the results show that this configuration provides much higher noise attenuation on both AC and DC CM noise and potential capability of reducing the conventional filter size. Simulation and experimental results verified the proposed method.
“Anything That Can Be a Danger to the Public”: Desire to Extend Registries Beyond Sex Offenses:

Registries are no longer limited to sex offenders, as other types of registries, such as a dangerous dog registry and a gun offender registry, have appeared. This study investigated public perceptions about extending registries to other crimes and what types of registries are desired. Data were obtained from more than 700 Michigan residents using a random digit dialling telephone survey. More than half indicated wanting more public registries in addition to sex offender registries. Viewing the sex offender registry, supporting sex offender registries, and being convicted of a crime were factors affecting support for other registries. Respondents who desired additional registries reported most support for registries of those who committed crimes against people. Implications of extending registries to other types of crimes are considered.
Selective echocardiographic analysis of epicardial and endocardial left ventricular rotational mechanics in an animal model of pericardial adhesions

Aims Diagnosis of pericardial adhesions is challenging. Twisting of the left ventricle (LV) is essential for normal LV functioning. We experimentally characterized the impact of pericardial adhesions on epicardial and endocardial LV rotational mechanics with velocity vector imaging (VVI). Methods and results In nine open-chest pigs, the heart was exposed while preserving the pericardium. Early-stage pericardial adhesions were simulated by instilling tissue glue to pericardial space. Using VVI, LV rotational mechanics was quantitatively assessed endocardially and epicardially along with haemodynamic data at baseline and following the experimental intervention. End-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, stroke volume, late diastolic filling velocity, and LV endocardial torsion decreased significantly. LV epicardial torsion showed only a trend towards decrease ( P = 0.141). Endocardial twist and torsion decreased significantly ( P = 0.007) from 8.6 ± 2.2 degree and 1.497 ± 0.397 degree/cm to 5.3 ± 1.8 degree and 0.97 ± 0.38 degree/cm, respectively; epicardial twist showed a trend towards a decrease in its magnitude. Gradients of endocardial/epicardial twist and torsion did not significantly change. Conclusion The model suggests that early-stage pericardial adhesions reduce both epicardial and endocardial LV twist and torsion without a significant alteration in their transmural gradient. Selective endocardial/epicardial analysis of LV twisting mechanics may have a diagnostic role in detection of early formation of pericardial adhesions.
Unsupervised learning with mixed numeric and nominal data

Presents a similarity-based agglomerative clustering (SBAC) algorithm that works well for data with mixed numeric and nominal features. A similarity measure proposed by D.W. Goodall (1966) for biological taxonomy, that gives greater weight to uncommon feature value matches in similarity computations and makes no assumptions about the underlying distributions of the feature values, is adopted to define the similarity measure between pairs of objects. An agglomerative algorithm is employed to construct a dendrogram, and a simple distinctness heuristic is used to extract a partition of the data. The performance of the SBAC algorithm has been studied on real and artificially-generated data sets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm in unsupervised discovery tasks. Comparisons with other clustering schemes illustrate the superior performance of this approach.
FDSOI CMOS with dielectrically-isolated back gates and 30nm L G high-γ/metal gate

We present a novel fully-depleted SOI CMOS technology with dielectrically-isolated polysilicon back gates, achieved by a double BOX substrate combined with dual-depth shallow trench isolation. CMOS devices down to 30nm gate length are fabricated with high-κ/metal gates. A novel isolation structure with liners is shown to achieve robust isolation between devices and back gates. Effective back gate control of CMOS V T is demonstrated, which enables dual-V T design with power gating capability. Suppression of leakage and performance tolerances due to systematic process variations is discussed.
Markov Processes I

The concept of a Markov random process was defined in Section 1.7 of Chapter 1. Various particular cases were discussed in subsequent chapters. Without doubt, this has been the most extensively studied class of random processes.
Social Work Students Confront Poverty's Impact in the Community: A Service Learning Project

This article describes a unique community involvement project that was used to teach BSW students in a Social Work Practice With Groups course about poverty and a qualitative explorative study of student outcomes. The project included a poverty simulation in combination with 25 hours of service learning with people currently experiencing poverty. Very little research has been done on poverty simulations, and none has included a service learning component. Twenty-one college students participated. Student reflections were analyzed, and themes that emerged reflect achievement of course objectives. A content analysis was also completed identifying empathy and social action engagement. All 21 student reflections discussed an increase in empathy surrounding people in poverty. Sixty-seven percent of student reflections indicated social action engagement.
Representation of Cardiac Pump with Special Reference to Afterload

The purpose of my presentation is to review the recent evolution of the ventricular pump model based on a time-varying elastance. It so happens that the major point of the current debates lie in the afterload characteristics of the real ventricle and the models. Therefore, I would first discuss the definition of afterload and then the characteristics of various models in comparison with the ventricular responses to alterations in afterload.
Analysis of the Caratheodory Interpolation Problem for Positive-Real Functions

In this chapter we will show that the Caratheodory interpolation problem is equivalent to a certain interpolation problem involving positive-real functions and Toeplitz matrices. Then we develop and use the Levinson algorithm from filtering theory to give another recursive algorithm to compute the Schur numbers from the Caratheodory data. Finally, we will present the maximal entropy solution to the Caratheodory interpolation problem.
The Burden of Burnout An Assessment of Burnout Among Internal Medicine Residents After the 2011 Duty Hour Changes

This study sought to determine burnout prevalence and factors associated with burnout in internal medicine residents after introduction of the 2011 ACGME duty hour rules. Burnout was evaluated using an anonymized, abbreviated version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Surveys were collected biweekly for 48 weeks during the 2013-2014 academic year. Burnout severity was compared across subgroups and time. A score of 3 or higher signified burnout. Overall, 944 of 3936 (24%) surveys were completed. The mean burnout score across all surveys was 2.8. Categorical residents had higher burnout severity than noncategorical residents (2.9 vs 2.7, P = .005). Postgraduate year 2 residents had the highest burnout severity by year (3.1, P < .001). Residents on inpatient rotations had higher burnout severity than residents on outpatient or consultation rotations (3.1 vs 2.2 vs 2.2, P < .001). Night float rotations had the highest severity (3.8). Burnout remains a significant problem even with recent duty hour modifications.
Changes in the calcium and phosphorus requirements of the dairy cow at parturition with particular reference to the amounts supplied to the foetus in utero.

SUMMARY The amounts of calcium and phosphorus supplied to the near-term foetal calf have been measured by means of radioisotopes. The calcium transfer rate measured in one cow was 5.3 g./day and the phosphorus transfer rate measured in two cows was 1.7 and 2.6 g./day. After calving, the first day’s colostrum contained 12.6 g. of calcium, 10.8 and 19.1 g. of phosphorus respectively, suggesting that the secretion of colostrum produced a sudden and substantial demand for these minerals which in certain circumstances could be critical in the pathogenesis of milk fever.
The perinatal quality collaborative of North Carolina's 39 weeks project: a quality improvement program to decrease elective deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation.

Background Despite long-standing guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists that call for avoiding elective births prior to 39 weeks of gestation, elective deliveries make up almost one-third of US births occurring in weeks 36-38. Poor outcomes are more likely for infants born electively before 39 weeks than for those born at 39 weeks. The Perinatal Quality Collaborative of North Carolina (PQCNC) undertook the 39 Weeks Project in 2009-2010 with the aim of reducing the number of early-term elective deliveries in North Carolina hospitals. Methods Participating hospitals (N = 33) provided retrospective data on all early-term deliveries and created new policies, or amended or enforced existing policies, to accomplish the project's goals. Project activities included in-person learning sessions, regional meetings, webinars, electronic newsletters, a secure extranet Web site where participating hospitals could share relevant materials, and individual leadership consultations with hospital teams. Hospitals submitted monthly data to PQCNC, which provided ongoing training and data analysis. Results Elective deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation decreased 45% over the project period, from 2% to 1.1% of all deliveries. The proportion of elective deliveries among all scheduled early-term deliveries also decreased, from 23.63% to 16.19%. There was an increase in the proportion of patients with documented evidence of medical indications for early delivery, from 62.4% to 88.2%. Limitations No data were collected to determine whether outcomes changed for patients whose deliveries were deferred. The project also depended on each hospital to code its own data. Conclusion The PQCNC's 39 Weeks Project successfully decreased the rate of early-term elective deliveries in participating hospitals.
Antimesenteric jejunal diverticulosis after a remote history of necrotising enterocolitis: a case report

Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare, acquired pathology of the small bowel. While most patients are asymptomatic, the condition is difficult to diagnose. It may present with chronic abdominal pain, diarrhoea, bloating and complications including malabsorption, diverticulitis, bleeding, intestinal obstruction or perforation. This is a case presentation of a 27-year-old woman with a history of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) requiring surgical resection as a premature newborn who presented with recurrent abdominal pain and was found to have several small bowel diverticula intraoperatively. She underwent resection with complete resolution of symptoms over a 2-year follow-up. This is the first case report to suggest that small bowel diverticular disease as a long-term complication of NEC may result in chronic morbidity in long-term survivors.
Experimental Characterization of Shape Fixity in Transversely Curved Unimorph Shape Memory Polymer Actuators

Shape memory polymers (SMP) have the potential to be utilized as a lightweight, solid state actuator in modern reconfigurable structures including as deployment systems for satellite solar panels or morphing aircraft wings. This study is predominantly focused on the use of Veriflex-S®, a thermally activated shape memory polymer, and bi-directional carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) in a unimorph actuator configuration. One of the deficiencies of shape memory polymer structures is the lack of recovery after a single or multiple thermo-mechanical cycle(s). The novel concept of incorporating transverse curvature in the CFRP substrate, similar to that of an extendable tape measurer, has demonstrated the ability to improve shape recovery by increasing the bending stiffness of the unimorph composite actuator to compensate for the lack of recovery of the SMP. Another deficiency of SMP actuators is the lack of retention of the stored or deformed shape over time. This paper is concerned with the effect of transverse curvature on the shape fixity when the unimorph composite is mechanically deformed into a stored configuration. A set of experiments was designed to determine the influence of transverse curvature, the relative widths of SMP and CFRP substrate, and SMP thickness on actuator fixity after a thermo-mechanical cycle. The performance of SMP unimorph actuators with varying levels of transverse curvature in the substrate were evaluated versus SMP unimorph actuators with a flat substrate. The ability of the unimorph actuator to minimize shape retention loss was evaluated by determining the deflection angle over time after being released from the stored configuration. Experimental results indicate that in most circumstances transverse curvature does not negatively affect the ability of the unimorph actuator to retain its shape fixity. Cases of 100 % or greater retention of shape fixity were documented which could lead to the expanded use of transversely curved shape memory polymer unimorph actuators in reconfigurable structures.
Methyl Bromide Determination in Selected Foods by Headspace Technique

A headspace method used earlier for determining methyl bromide (MB) in assorted nuts and peanut butters has been successfully applied to other foods that could potentially contain traces of this toxic fumigant. The foods tested include 63 off-the-shelf spices and seasonings, 83 table-ready items (grain-based, dried, or highly seasoned), 30 dried fruits and trail mixes, and 38 oil-based items (oil-seeds, cooking oils, or spicy oil-based dressings). Sample headspace gas is produced by blending < or = 50 g sample in 250 +/- 50 mL aqueous solution in a sealed 1000 mL blender cup. After equilibration at 25 degrees C, the headspace is sampled with a gas-tight syringe and injected into a dual column-dual detector gas chromatograph. One determination is made with a 20% OV-101 packed column and a 63Ni electron capture detector (ECD), the other with a GS-Q wide-bore capillary column and a Hall electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD). Of the approximately 200 samples tested, none contained detectable MB residue at a quantitation limit < 100 ng/g sample. All fortified samples yielded MB recovery. Samples were fortified at levels ranging from 78 to 3250 ng MB/g. Recoveries ranged from a mean high of 56% for spices and seasonings to a mean low of 30% for oil-based foods. The overall recovery and CV, including the results from assorted nuts and peanut butters, were 46 and 33%, respectively.
Aspects of Placentation in White-Tailed Deer

The placenta of ruminants consists of placentomas of which the caruncles comprise the maternal component. Among ruminants the Cervidae species generally seem to have a relatively small number of placentomas. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) taken by hunters were examined in early pregnancy following implantation. Numbers of placentomas ranged from 4 to 14; the modal value was 6. All caruncles tended to be attached to the fetal membranes regardless of the number of fetuses present (1 to 3) and also tended to be evenly distributed between both uterine horns.
Post-Operative Management

Post-operative management is vital to visual, psychological, and aesthetic recovery. A systemic approach tailored to patients based on their injury can be helpful to ensure all patients get the best care. Patients should be followed closely by an ophthalmologist comfortable with trauma and referred to subspecialty services as needed. It is important that these patients are followed closely and are not lost to follow up as they are at increased risk for post-operative complications, such as retinal detachment and infection. Diligent post-operative follow up can lead to good visual outcomes and/or satisfied patients.
Model Calibration for the High-Purity Oxygen Activated Sludge Process – Algorithm Development and Evaluation

A model calibration algorithm is developed for the high-purity oxygen activated sludge process (HPO-ASP). The algorithm is evaluated under different conditions to determine the effect of the following factors on the performance of the algorithm: data quality, number of observations, and number of parameters to be estimated. The process model used in this investigation is the first HPO-ASP model based upon the IAWQ (formerly IAWPRC) Activated Sludge Model No. 1. The objective function is formulated as a relative least-squares function and the non-linear, constrained minimization problem is solved by the Complex method. The stoichiometric and kinetic coefficients of the IAWQ activated sludge model are the parameters focused on in this investigation. Observations used are generated numerically but are made close to the observations from a full-scale high-purity oxygen treatment plant. The calibration algorithm is capable of correctly estimating model parameters even if the observations are severely noise-corrupted. The accuracy of estimation deteriorates gradually with the increase of observation errors. The accuracy of calibration improves when the number of observations (n) increases, but the improvement becomes insignificant when n>96. It is also found that there exists an optimal number of parameters that can be rigorously estimated from a given set of information/data. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine what parameters to estimate and to evaluate the potential benefits resulted from collecting additional measurements.
Face Transplantation: Medical Considerations

Face transplantation has been performed in 37 patients worldwide. To provide excellent outcomes, it is important to understand the medical considerations that are present in every aspect of this procedure. Pre-operative medical considerations are largely related to patient selection, intra-operative considerations are related to anesthesia, and post-operative considerations include complications and treatment of adverse effects of immunosuppression. This paper will discuss each area in more detail.
China’s Naval Modernization, Strategies, and Capabilities

To probe China’s future prospects and potential impact on order at sea in East Asia, this chapter considers China’s naval development. While historically China’s efforts at sea ebbed and flowed with competing strategic priorities and reversals of fortune, since the “reform and opening up” beginning in the late 1970s, Beijing has at last gone to sea in a sustained, growing fashion. Erickson devotes particular attention to surveying the progressively broader and deeper maritime efforts under the leadership of Deng, Jiang, Hu, and Xi. Tables depicting China’s naval order of battle in each of these eras further document China’s development and deployment of a truly modern navy. Even as it remains regional in its core areas of focus, China has already emerged as one of the world’s great sea powers.
One‐dimensional growth of colloidal PbSe nanorods in chloroalkanes

Catalyst-free, one-pot synthesis of colloidal PbSe nanorods is demonstrated. The co-solvent chloroalkanes play a critical role in driving a one-dimensional growth of PbSe nanorods. The formation of the nanorod is likely governed by the anisotropic growth of the crystal due to the different reactivity of the facets. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the nanorods is above 25%, indicating well-passivated surfaces. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low Frequency of Molecular Alterations of H3.3-Atrx-Daxx Chromatin Remodeling Component Genes in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Abstract Abstract 3844 Novel sequencing technologies have allowed identification of a group of highly recurrent genetic mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Of importance, it has been noticed that a majority of these mutated genes in MDS encode important components of epigenetic regulation, including both DNA methylation and histone modifications. This phenomenon highlights the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of MDS. Recently, highly recurrent somatic mutations in the Histone H3.3-ATRX-DAXX chromatin remodeling pathway have been documented in pediatric glioblastoma (Schwartzentruber et al. Nature and Wu et al. Nature Genetics 2012), further supporting the importance of epigenetic regulation for tumorgenesis. We therefore examined potential genetic and epigenetic alterations of the same pathway in MDS. First, in a cohort containing 80 samples of MDS whole bone marrow mononuclear cell DNA (representative of both lower and higher risk disease), we performed Sanger sequencing covering genomic areas of reported mutations of H3F3A, H3F3B, ATRX, and DAXX in glioblastoma. Sequenced genomic areas included reported mutations in pediatric tumors: Lys27 and Gly34 of H3F3A and H3F3B; sequences upstream of and within the helices domain of ATRXX; and the whole coding sequence of DAXX. Overall, we only detected one mutation of H3F3A (K27N) in one MDS case (76 year old male with RA; INT-1; diploid). No other reported mutation of H3F3B, ATRX and DAXX genes was detected in any other patients of this MDS cohort. Because of the potential of epigenetic deregulation, we then examined status of DNA methylation for the promoters of ATRX and DAXX in MDS patients by bisulfite pyrosquencing. While no DNA hypermethylation of DAXX promoter was detected, 8 out of 40 (20%) patients had hypermethylation of the CpG island in the promoter region of ATRX. However, six of these eight patients were females. Based on reports of ATRX methylation in healthy females, it is likely that the 6 cases in female patients represent physiological × chromosome inactivation. Finally, we performed RT-PCR analysis using cDNA samples isolated from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells of 40 MDS patients. Results indicated that expression of ATRX and DAXX were increased by 2 fold (p-value 0.07) and 5.2 fold (p-value 0.0003) respectively compared to control CD34+ cells. The implications of this phenomenon need to be studied further. Taken together, these results suggest that genetic mutations of the H3.3-ATRX-DAXX chromatin remodeling do not play a role in the pathogenesis of MDS. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING INSTRUMEN THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING WITH THE COMBINATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND REALISTIC

The purpose of this research is to produce mathematics learning instrument through cooperative learnig model with the combination of scientific and realistic approaches which is valid, practical and effective. This researches is development research which focuses on developing Mathematic learning instrument through cooperative learning model with the combination of scientific and realistic approaches. The learning instruments produced in this research were student books, students work sheets, lesson plan, and learning result test of rectangular and square material. While developing the learning instrument, the supported learning instrument were also developed. The developing model use in this research reffered to thiagarajan model or 4-D which consisted of defining step designing step, developing step, and disseminating step. The learning instrument produced in this researches were validated by two experts with the assessment is in very valid category and can be use with minor revision. The trial process was conducted once in this research. The trial was conducted in class VII c at SMPN 33 Bulukumba. The results of the trial test reveal that: (1) Mathematc learning nstrument through cooperative learning model with the combination of scientific and realistic approaches is already practical, but there are several advices from the observers to improve the practicality of the learning instrument, (2) Mathematic learning instrument through cooperative learning model with the combination of scientific and realistic approaches is already effective because it has already fulfilled 3 of 4 effectiveness indicators, that the completeness of classical learning result test had been achieved, the teacher ability in learning management is in high category, and the students responds is in positive category. By conducting the aforementioned development stages, it is obtained valid, practical, and effective mathematics learning instruments through cooperative learning model with the combination of scientific and realistic approaches
Articulation of Cut Scores in the Context of the Next-Generation Assessments

Logistic regression (LR)-based methods have become increasingly popular for predicting and articulating cut scores. However, the precision of predictive relationships is largely dependent on the underlying correlations between the predictor and the criterion. In two simulation studies, we evaluated the impact of varying the underlying grade-level correlations on the resultant bias in cut scores articulated using the LR method. In Study 1, we compared different articulation methods (LR and equipercentile smoothing), and in Study 2, we evaluated different criteria for linking (e.g., adjacent grade or end of course). The collective results indicate that as correlations became smaller, cut scores articulated using LR-based predictions became increasingly biased when compared to a true value obtained under perfect correlation. The predicted values are significantly biased for lower achievement levels, irrespective of the linking criteria used. Results from these studies suggest that the LR method must be used with caution, particularly when articulating cut scores for multiple achievement levels.