cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VSC-HVDC dynamic performance enhancement by embedding power oscillation control

With the development of power electronic technology, the range of applications for VSC-HVDC systems has been widely broadened in renewable energy, microgrid and power transmission. This article proposes an optimal control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmission system by embedding an automatic power transfer controller. The proposed approach is depicted theoretically, and a completed simulation for the system has been described. Simulation results comparisons between the proposed method and the conventional d-q vector control of VSC-HVDC haven been performed. The results confirm the superior of the designated approach under different dynamic performance tests.
Hope and Fear in an Advertisement Context: Understanding How Hope Undoes Fear

The study investigates the oppositional prospect-based emotions of fear and hope in an advertisement context. The broaden-and-build theory of emotions provides a framework for establishing a theoretical link between fear and hope. The findings suggest that: (1) Fear narrows and hope broadens the thought–action repertoire; (2) age moderates the impact of a prospect-based measure of hope on behavioral change intentions and ad attitude; (3) three undoing strategies undo fear with hope, including personal action plans, social action plans of good deeds, and reframing in a positive light; and (4) when fear is high, hope is energized through self-focus, and when fear is low, hope is energized through a focus on others.
Estimating total Pb, Cd, and Zn in contaminated soils from NH4HCO3‐DTPA‐extractable levels 1

Abstract Twenty‐six garden soils from Aspen, Colorado, contaminated with old silver mine dumps, were extracted with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and NH4HCO3‐DTPA (AB‐DTPA). Total soil digests (HNO3‐HClO4‐HF) were carried out on 21 highly contaminated soils. All soil extracts and digests were analyzed for Pb, Cd, and Zn using inductively‐coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPS). Linear regression equations for DTPA versus AB‐DTPA values gave 0.96, 0.99 and 0.99 “r”; values for Pb, Cd, and Zn, respectively. Linear regression equations for total Pb, Cd, and Zn levels versus their respective AB‐DTPA extractable levels were developed with “r”; values of 0.92, 0.93, and 0.89, respectively. It was concluded that AB‐DTPA test can be used to screen soils contaminated with the above‐mentioned elements.
Inheritance of resistance to potyviruses in Phaseolus vulgaris L. II. Linkage relations and utility of a dominant gene for lethal systemic necrosis to soybean mosaic virus.

A single dominant factor, Hss, that conditions a rapid lethal necrotic response to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) has been identified in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ‘Black Turtle Soup’, line BT-1. Inoculated plants carrying this factor developed pinpoint necrotic lesions on inoculated tissue followed by systemic vascular necrosis and plant death within about 7 days, regardless of ambient temperature. BT-1 also carries dominant resistance to potyviruses attributed to the tightly linked or identical factors, I, Bcm, Cam, and Hsw, so linkage with Hss was evaluated. No recombinants were identified among 381 F3 families segregating for potyvirus susceptibility, thus if Hss is a distinct factor, it is tightly linked to I, Bcm, Cam, and Hsw. BT-1 was also crossed reciprocally with the line ‘Great Northern 1140’ (‘GN 1140’) in which the dominant gene, Smv, for systemic resistance to SMV was first identified. Smv and Hss segregated independently and are co-dominant. The (‘GN 1140’ x BT-1) F1 populations showed a seasonal shift of the codominant phenotype. Evaluation of the (‘GN 1140’ x BT-1) F2 population under conditions where Smv is partially dominant allowed additional phenotypic classes to be distinguished. Pathotype specificity has not been demonstrated for either Smv or Hss. Genotypes that are homozygous for both dominant alleles are systemically resistant to the virus and in addition show undetectable local viral replication or and no seed transmission. This work demonstrates that a gene which conditions a systemic lethal response to a pathogen may be combined with additional gene(s) to create an improved resistant phenotype.
Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 70: Kinetics of Organic Peroxide Decomposition Derived from the Filament Control Voltage of T-Jump/FT-IR Spectroscopy

An evaluation is made about whether T-jump/FT-IR spectroscopy can be used to determine the decomposition kinetics (Arrhenius Ea and ln A parameters) of energetic organic peroxides at high temperature following very rapid heating. Polystyrene peroxide (PSP) and benzoyl peroxide were investigated, but PSP was chosen for detailed study because of its known, simple, decomposition process. The shape of the control voltage trace of the Pt filament yields kinetic constants which are reasonable for O-O bond homolysis as the rate-determining step: Ea = 39 kcal/mol, ln ( A, s -1) = 45.9. These Arrhenius parameters differ from values measured by other methods, but it is found that an isokinetic temperature of 400 ± 20 K exists for all measurements. Thus, all the kinetic measurements appear to reflect the same dominant process (O-O homolysis), but their differences make extrapolation of the rates from the temperature range of measurement to another range inaccurate.
Leptin: Taking the Path Less Traveled

The metabolic hormone leptin influences feeding and metabolism through action on a distributed brain network. In this issue, Leinninger et al. (2009) describe a novel lateral hypothalamic neuronal population that is responsive to leptin and interfaces with dopamine circuits.
Foveal flicker fusion using a moving stimulus.

The relationship between stimulus velocity and the critical-flicker-fusion frequency (CFF) of an intermittent visual stimulus was investigated by modulating the sweep-speed and intensity of an oscilloscope beam. When Ss fixated upon a stationary point, CFF showed an approximately linear increase as a function of velocity. Velocity did not, however, influence CFF when S fixated on the moving stimulus. The multiple correlation (.68) between CFF determinations obtained with a stationary stimulus vs those obtained with several different velocities implies that the same mechanisms which determined CFF under the former condition were also operative in the latter. The trend of the bivariate correlations between the average CFF values for isolated pairs of experimental conditions suggests that an additional factor, possibly spatial acuity, may have become progressively dominant as velocities exceeded 1.08°/sec.
Angels in the Machinery: Gender in American Party Politics from the Civil War to the Progressive Era

Angels in the Machinery offers a sweeping analysis of the centrality of gender to politics in the United States from the days of the Whigs to the early twentieth century. Author Rebecca Edwards shows that women in the U.S. participated actively and influentially as Republicans, Democrats, and leaders of third-party movements like Prohibitionism and Populism decades before they won the right to vote, and in the process, transformed forever the ideology of American party politics. Using cartoons, speeches, party platforms, news accounts, and campaign memorabilia, she offers a compelling explanation of why family values, womens political activities, and even candidates sex lives remain hot-button issues in politics to this day.
Bevacizumab, Oxaliplatin, and Capecitabine With Radiation Therapy in Rectal Cancer: Phase I Trial Results

Purpose: The overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with poor outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, enhances the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy on tumor cytotoxicity in preclinical models, including colorectal cancer. A Phase I trial was undertaken to evaluate the combination of bevacizumab, capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and radiation therapy in patients with rectal cancer. Methods and Materials: Patients with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the rectum were eligible. Pretreatment staging included computerized tomography, endoscopic ultrasound, and surgical evaluation. Patients received 50.4 Gy of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to the tumor in 28 fractions. Capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab were administered concurrently with radiation therapy. After EBRT completion, patients were restaged and evaluated for surgery. Primary endpoints included the determination of dose-limiting toxicity and a recommended Phase II dose, non dose-limiting toxicity, and preliminary radiographic and pathologic response rates. Results: Eleven patients were enrolled. All were evaluable for toxicity and efficacy. Dose level 2 was associated with unacceptable toxicity (primarily diarrhea). Dose level 1 had an acceptable toxicity profile. The recommended Phase II dose in our study was bevacizumab 15 mg/kg Day 1 + 10 mg/kg Days 8 and 22, oxaliplatin 50 mg/m{sup 2} weekly,more » and capecitabine 625 mg/m{sup 2} bid during radiation days. Six patients had clinical responses. Two patients had a pathologic complete response, and 3 had microscopic disease only. One patient experienced a postoperative abscess, one a syncopal episode during adjuvant chemotherapy, and one a subclinical myocardial infarction during adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions: The combination of bevacizumab, capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and radiation therapy in rectal cancer was tolerable, with encouraging response rates. Further investigation with this regimen is being pursued in a Phase II setting.« less
A canonical form of Anderson's classification statistic

A canonical reduction of Anderson's Classification Statistic in the case o! two multivariate normal populations with different means and the same eovari ance matrix is obtained in this paper, The statistic and a similar statistic that arise in the estimation of relative potency of a new drug, using a composite response, are expressed in terms of X2 non-central XTTand normal variables. The moments of Anderson's statistic are derived and used for obtaining an asymptotic normal approximation to the chance of misclassification.
Improving parallel shear-warp volume rendering on shared address space multiprocessors

This paper presents a new parallel volume rendering algorithm and implementation, based on shear warp factorization, for shared address space multiprocessors. Starting from an existing parallel shear-warp renderer, we use increasingly detailed performance measurements on real machines and simulators to understand performance bottlenecks. This leads us to a new parallel implementation that substantially outperforms and out-scales the old one on a range of shared address space platforms, from bus-based centralized memory machine to hardware-coherent distributed memory machines to networks of computers connected by page-based shared virtual memory. The results demonstrate that real time volume rendering is promising on general purpose multiprocessors, and illustrate the utility of tool hierarchies in conjunction with algorithmic and application knowledge to understand memory system interactions and improve parallel algorithms.
Violation of the retinal acuity gradient in a detection task

Abstract In the first two experiments reported, the task was to detect a simple target figure projected parafoveally which was flanked to the foveal or peripheral side by a nontarget figure. Targets and nontargets were featurally dissimilar. Targets flanked peripherally were approximately 0.5 deg closer to the foveal center than targets flanked foveally. Nevertheless, performance was significantly better on foveally flanked targets in both experiments, thereby violating the retinal acuity gradient. A third experiment found that the detection of foveally flanked targets was not significantly poorer than unflanked targets, although unflanked targets were detected significantly better than peripherally flanked targets. A possible mechanism to account for the effect was briefly described.
Tylenchorhynchus Trilineatus N. Sp. From West Pakistan, With Notes On T. Nudus and T. Martini

Tylenchorhynchus trilineatus n. sp., from wilting croton (Codiaeum variegatum Blume), is characterized by the presence of three lateral lines and a stylet 21-22 μ long. The measurements of T. nudus and T. martini are given and T. martini is redescribed.
Preservation of the end-systolic pressure/end-systolic dimension relation following pindolol in congestive heart failure

Abstract Beta blockade may adversely affect inotropic state of the ventricle, resulting in exacerbation of congestive heart failure in subjects with reduced ventricular function. In normal subjects, ventricular contractility appears to be preserved following administration of beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). The inotropic state of the ventricle was assessed in seven subjects with congestive heart failure (mean ejection fraction = 23 ± 5%) before and after administration of the ISA beta blocker, pindolol, with the use of the noninvasively derived end-systolic pressure/end-systolic dimension (ESP/ESD) relation. The mean slope of the ESP/ESD relation was 36.3 ± 20.4 mm Hg/cm at baseline and increased to 45.0 ± 25.2 mm Hg/cm following five consecutive 10 mg oral doses of pindolol (p = ns). Other simultaneously derived inotropic indices that included percent fractional shortening, mean ΔP/ΔT, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, and preejection period-to-left ventricular ejection time ratio showed directionally similar changes toward a mild increase in contractility. These results indicate that the slope of the left ventricular ESP/ESD relation is not altered following repeated dosing with pindolol in subjects with congestive heart failure. This reflects a preservation of inotropic state following administration of the ISA beta blocker in a population with severely compromised ventricular function.
Abstract 736: DJ4, a novel ROCK and MRCK inhibitor, potently inhibits migration and invasion of cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (Rho kinase/ROCK) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK) are involved in the aggressive migration of cancer cells. These are the key proteins involved in the formation of stress fibers that confer contractility to cancer cells during migration and invasion. ROCK and MRCK are primarily involved in amoeboid and mesenchymal type of migration of cancer cells respectively. Earlier studies reported that combined inhibition/silencing of ROCK and MRCK has more pronounced effect than inhibition of the individual kinases suggesting a more effective therapeutic strategy to combat metastatic cancers. With this hypothesis in mind, we developed a series of novel multikinase inhibitors and identified DJ4 as a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of ROCK1, ROCK2 and MRCKβ. DJ4 effectively inhibits the kinase activity of ROCK (ROCK1 and ROCK2) and MRCK in a cell-free system and multiple human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. In cellular functional assays DJ4 inhibited migration of human melanoma, lung, pancreatic and breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In live cell imaging over 20h by time-lapse microscopy, DJ4 (2.5µM ) reduced the migration rate of lung-and breast-cancer cells by 2.7 and 5.5 times compared to control cells respectively. DJ4 (5µM) also inhibited invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by ∼70%. Fluorescent microscopic observation also revealed that inhibition of activity of these kinases, by DJ4, causes reduction in stress fibers which leads to inhibition of cell contractility and migration. In summary, our studies demonstrate that DJ4 is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of ROCK and MRCK, and effectively inhibits migration and invasion of multiple cancers in vitro. Together these results indicate that DJ4 has a strong potential to be an anti-metastatic drug against multiple cancer types. Citation Format: Vijaykumar P. Kale, Dhimant Desai, Taryn Dick, Katherine Choe, Ashley Colledge, Shantu Amin, Jeremy Hengst, Jong Yun. DJ4, a novel ROCK and MRCK inhibitor, potently inhibits migration and invasion of cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 736. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-736
Scalable Coverage Maintenance for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks

Owing to numerous potential applications, wireless sensor networks have been attracting much research effort recently. The critical challenge that wireless sensor networks often face is to sustain long-term operation on limited battery energy. Coverage maintenance schemes can effectively prolong network lifetime by maintaining sufficient sensing coverage over a target region using a small number of active sensors while scheduling the other sensors to sleep. We envision future wireless sensor networks are composed of a vast number of extremely miniaturized sensors (e.g., millimeter-scale) deployed in exceedingly high density (e.g., more than 1000sensors/m2). Therefore, the key issue of coverage maintenance for the future sensor networks is the scalability to sensor deployment density. In this paper, we propose a novel coverage maintenance scheme, called scalable coverage maintenance (SCOM). SCOM is energy efficient and scalable to sensor deployment density in terms of communication overhead (i.e., number of transmitted and received beacons) and computational complexity (i.e., time and space complexity). We validate our claims through both analysis and simulations
Feedback Shape Control for Deployable Mesh Reflectors

This paper presents the initial study on the dynamic shape control problem of deployable mesh reflectors via feedback. To compensate the thermal distortion and reject force disturbance, the system is considered quasi-static to the temperature variation. After segmenting the orbital temperature range into narrow sections, the robust state feedback controller is proposed in each section and the controllers are properly switched between sections during the entire cycle using a supervisory controller. The control method is then implemented on a sampled deployable mesh reflector and the time-response shows much higher surface accuracy the reflector maintains during the orbiting mission comparing to the open-loop configuration.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
A physically based analytical model for the threshold voltage of strained-Si n-MOSFETs

A physically based analytic model for the threshold voltage V/sub t/ of long-channel strained-Si--Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ n-MOSFETs is presented and confirmed using numerical simulations for a wide range of channel doping concentration, gate-oxide thicknesses, and strained-Si layer thicknesses. The threshold voltage is sensitive to both the electron affinity and bandgap of the strained-Si cap material and the relaxed-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ substrate. It is shown that the threshold voltage difference between strained- and unstrained-Si devices increases with channel doping, but that the increase is mitigated by gate oxide thickness reduction. Strained Si devices with constant, high channel doping have a threshold voltage difference that is sensitive to Si cap thickness, for thicknesses below the equilibrium critical thickness for strain relaxation.
Propagation and Characterization of Ultrashort Laser Pulses

These lectures provide an introduction to the techniques and measurements of ultrashort laser pulses. We begin with a review of the electrical and optical properties of solids and of the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium. We then discuss methods for the temporal and spectral characterization of ultrashort laser pulses. Finally we discuss the effects of dispersion and filtering on the temporal and spectral resolution of measurements with ultrashort laser pulses.
Emotions and cognitions in consumer health behaviors: insights from chronically ill patients into the effects of hope and control perceptions

The lack of compliance to medical advice is a widely recognized healthcare concern with important implications to consumer well-being. Through an in-depth examination of the narratives provided by chronically ill patients, this study contributes to transformative consumer research by offering a better understanding of patients' compliance or lack of compliance with medical advice. The narratives are examined with a focus on two potential antecedents: hope and perceptions of control over health outcomes. Findings suggest that although control perceptions play a crucial role in compliance, chronically ill patients often feel that they have no control over their health outcomes. The narratives reveal that the positive emotion of hope is a motivator for positive health behaviors. Additionally, the lived experiences accounts suggest a possible relationship between hope and control perceptions: patients' belief in their ability to manage their chronic illness facilitates hope but might not be essential to it. The importance of healthcare providers' role in cultivating hope and customizing their interactions with patients is discussed. The implications also indicate that health initiatives aimed at increasing treatment compliance should consider alternatives to messages calling for patients to take control of their health. Instead, future research on health behavior should look beyond social cognition models of health behavior and focus on the role of positive emotions such as hope. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE UNIVERSE AMONG OTHER THINGS

Peter Simons has argued that the expression 'the universe' is not a genuine singular term: it can name neither a single, completely encompassing individual, nor a collection of indi- viduals. (It is, rather, a semantically plural term standing equally for every existing object.) I offer reasons for resisting Simons's arguments on both scores.
A history of Wind Erosion Prediction Models in the United States Department of Agriculture: The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS)

Development of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) was officially inaugurated in 1985 by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) scientists in response to customer requests, particularly those coming from the USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS), for improved wind erosion prediction technology. WEPS was conceived to address deficiencies in the then-20-yearold, predominately empirical Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) widely used by SCS, and it sparked an endeavor that relied on novel laboratory wind tunnel research as well as extensive field studies to adequately uncover the physical relationships between surface properties and their susceptibility to and influence on wind erosion. The result is that WEPS incorporates many process-based features and other capabilities not available in any other wind erosion simulation model today. The USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) has now implemented WEPS as a replacement for WEQ within their agency. However, the road to achieve that replacement required years of close interaction between ARS and NRCS. NRCS had to ensure they had suitable national-scale WEPS databases before implementation. User input simplifications were required as well as modifications to the reports. Run-time concerns also arose during the lengthy testing and evaluation process. Many of these were strictly nonwind erosion science issues that had to be addressed before NRCS could officially implement and begin using WEPS within their agency. The history of the development of WEPS, its unique features and its solutions to selected critical issues encountered by NRCS prior to implementation are presented and discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Screening for delirium using family caregivers: convergent validity of the Family Confusion Assessment Method and interviewer-rated Confusion Assessment Method.

Objectives: To explore agreement between the Family Confusion Assessment Method (FAM-CAM) for delirium identification and interviewer-rated CAM delirium ratings. Design: Exploratory analysis of agreement. Setting: Community. Participants: Fifty-two family caregivers and 52 elderly adults with preexisting impairment according to standardized cognitive testing. Measurements: The interviewer-rating for delirium was determined by fulfillment of the CAM algorithm Results: The total sample included 52 paired CAM:FAM-CAM assessments completed across 52 dyads of elderly adults with preexisting cognitive impairment and family caregivers. The point prevalence of delirium was 13% (7/52). Characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups with and without delirium. The FAM-CAM questions that mapped directly to the original four-item CAM algorithm had the best overall agreement with the interviewer-rated CAM (kappa = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65�1.0), sensitivity of 88% (95% CI = 47�99%), and specificity of 98% (95% CI = 86�100%). Conclusion: The FAM-CAM is a sensitive screening tool for detection of delirium in elderly adults with cognitive impairment using family caregivers, with relevance for research and clinical practice.
Measuring and reporting errors in surgical pathology. Lessons from gynecologic cytology.

Substantial improvements in measuring and reporting errors in gynecologic cytology have been made during the last decade. Measuring and reporting errors in surgical pathology recently has gained renewed interest. However, review of current literature demonstrates mistakes in how these data are measured and reported. Error rates have been reported from review of consecutive material, biopsy material, and consultation material and range from 0.25% to 43%. Errors have been divided into anatomic regions and specimen types and separated according to their clinical significance. However, to be comparable, errors must be reported in reference to the incidence of disease and not to overall caseload. Blinding and reviewer error have been addressed only rarely, and the true incidence of errors is almost certainly higher than reported. “Gold standards” are not well defined. In addition, available data strongly suggest that the greatest source of error is with false-negative diagnoses, which are detected only rarely by review of consultation material. Most of these issues have been addressed in the gynecologic cytology literature. Errors in surgical pathology are more common than generally believed, and efforts should be made to define methods that allow appropriate interlaboratory comparisons. Measuring quality in surgical pathology is extremely difficult. In a way, it is like pornography: pathologists know quality when they see it, but they have been unable to define it. All pathologists know of laboratories and pathologists that they would consider high quality and those they would not. Yet defining criteria to measure and support their beliefs remains elusive. Gynecologic cytology has been through an agonizing decade as it continues to search to define acceptable standards of practice. Although the focus has been more on legal than quality assurance measures, the fundamental issues are the same: how does one define an error, and what are acceptable and unacceptable individual errors and overall error rates? The central causes of the pain of the last decade have been a massive underestimation of the error rate, extremely poor and inaccurate methods to measure this rate, and reluctance to face the fact that error is an unavoidable part of the task. 1-3 Nevertheless, there is much cause for hope in gynecologic cytology, with more accurate methods of defining errors becoming increasingly available, for both legal and quality assessment purposes. Can surgical pathology benefit from the experience of gynecologic cytology? This article reviews the available literature on errors in surgical pathology and focuses on methodologic problems with this literature that previously have been dealt with in gynecologic cytology.
Hydroxyurea use in sickle cell disease: the battle with low prescription rates, poor patient compliance and fears of toxicities

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited blood disorder in the USA, affecting approximately 89,000 Americans or one in 400 African–Americans [1]. SCD is caused by inheritance of the s...
Genetic, neurohumoral, and hemodynamic influences on spontaneously hypertensive rat heart development in oculo.

To distinguish among genetic, neurohumoral, and hemodynamic explanations for structural and functional differences in the hearts of young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats, embryonic SHR and WKY rat heart tissue was cultured in the anterior eye chamber of adult SHR and WKY rats. In study 1, atria from E-12 WKY rat embryos grafted into anterior eye chambers of either SHR or WKY host rats achieved a larger size than did SHR grafts by 8 weeks in oculo (2.98 +/- 0.75 and 2.55 +/- 0.32 mm2 vs. 1.80 +/- 0.20 and 2.04 +/- 0.44 mm2). Beating rates did not differ between SHR and WKY rat atria implanted into SHR or WKY host rats. In study 2, ventricles from E-13 embryonic SHR and WKY rat hearts grew to similar size and weight when implanted into SHR or WKY host rats (e.g., SHR hearts, 1.81 +/- 0.32 vs. 1.74 +/- 0.33 mm2; WKY rat hearts, 1.75 +/- 0.29 vs. 2.29 +/- 0.32 mm2). Ventricle grafts from SHR embryos into SHR host rats beat more rapidly (165 +/- 19 beats/min) during weekly measurements than either WKY rat ventricles (92 +/- 9 beats/min in SHR hosts and 99 +/- 9 beats/min in WKY host rats) or SHR ventricles grafted into WKY host rats (109 +/- 7 beats/min, p less than 0.001). In study 3, atria from E-13 SHR and WKY rat embryos were grafted into sympathectomized and intact eye chambers of SHR or WKY host rats. Sympathectomy of the eye chamber compromised growth of grafts into WKY host rats (1.54 +/- 0.24 vs. 0.90 +/- 0.14 mm2) but not SHR hosts (1.54 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.73 +/- 0.24 mm2). Grafts into sympathectomized eye chambers of WKY host rats beat more slowly than grafts into eye chambers with sympathetic innervation intact (282 +/- 14 vs. 202 +/- 14 beats/min); sympathectomy did not alter beating rate of grafts in SHR hosts (266 +/- 14 vs. 255 +/- 18 beats/min). These results suggest that the growth and beating rate of SHR atrial grafts may be less sensitive to sympathetic innervation than WKY rat atrial grafts. In these studies, SHR grafts did not grow larger than WKY heart grafts and did not show an increased intrinsic beating rate, suggesting that the cardiac hypertrophy and increased intrinsic beating rate observed in intact SHR are unlikely to result from direct genetic programming.
Diffusion Controlled Abnormal Grain Growth in Ceramics

The grain growth kinetics of silica and calcia doped alumina at 1400oC and their grain boundary complexion is characterized. These data are compared to predictions of both diffusion controlled and nucleation limited interface controlled grain growth theory. It is deduced from the indicators that the mechanism for normal and abnormal grain growth in these aluminas is diffusion controlled.
Ethnic Power and Identity Formation in Mid-Colonial Andean Writing

A complex political culture took shape in the Andes as Spanish colonialism entered its more consolidated stages in the seventeenth century, deepening the manifold encounters between the Andeans and...
The current state of fellowship training in pulmonary artery catheter placement and data interpretation: A national survey of pulmonary and critical care fellowship program directors

Purpose Given decreasing use of pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization, we sought to evaluate whether current pulmonary and critical care fellows have adequate opportunity to obtain proficiency in PA catheter placement and data interpretation.
Lysine Requirements of the Immature Dog

These studies examined the lysine requirement of the immature Beagle dog fed a purified L-amino acid diet. The immature female dog was found to require between 0.461 and 0.577% dietary lysine for optimum growth and nitrogen balance. Plasma and urinary urea were significantly increased in female dogs fed 0.461% or less dietary lysine. Maximum growth and nitrogen balance occurred in immature male dogs fed 0.577% or more lysine. Consumption of diets containing excess dietary lysine (1.73%) significantly reduced growth in both immature male and female dogs. Varying dietary lipid from 5 to 20% did not appear to alter the lysine requirement of the immature male dog. Increasing the nitrogen content of the diet from approximately 14% crude protein to 28% accentuated the symptoms of low lysine intakes. The lysine requirement of the immature dog appears to be lower than that reported for the growing pig or rat.
Parental Communication Deviance and Schizophrenia: A Cognitive-Developmental Analysis

The form of psychopathology which has probably occasioned the most extensive study of thought and language is schizophrenia. The deviant and sometimes bizarre ways in which such patients use language are among their most striking symptoms, and it has long been orthodox to locate the core of their symptomatic constellation in disorders of cognition. In recent decades, the interest in thought and language has extended beyond the study of the patients themselves to the study of other family members and of the family conceptualized as a system. The examination of forms of thinking and language has subsequently come to be central not just to issues involving diagnosis and the interpretation of symptoms but also to the attempt to understand the etiology of the illness. This tendency is exemplified in the research by Margaret Singer and Lyman Wynne concerning the communication patterns of parents of schizophrenics, probably the most influential and empirically best supported work concerning environmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Search for Potential Biomarkers at Baseline in a Large ALS Cohort Study (ALS COSMOS): Plasma Creatinine and Urinary 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine. (P5.054)

Objective: To evaluate multiple potential biomarkers in ALS. Background: Reliable biomarkers in ALS are needed in ALS clinical trials and other studies to quantify disease severity and progression. Multiple biomarkers have seldom been investigated Design/Methods: In a large (355 patients), prospective, cohort study, plasma samples at baseline were obtained after overnight fasting, and first morning void spot urine samples were collected and adjusted for dilution using specific gravity. Broad lipid profiles, creatinine (PCr), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and genotype status, phosphorylated neurofilament heavy, urinary 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), and urinary isoprostane (IsoP) were measured as part of the baseline evaluation. ALSFRS-R and predicted [percnt]forced vital capacity ([percnt]FVC) were used to assess severity. Results: Mean (standard deviation (SD)) value for 8-oxo-dG was 17.1 (13.8) nmol/mmol and mean (SD) value for PCr was 0.80 (0.20) mg/dL. Both 8-oxo-dG and PCr were independently associated with ALSFRS-R and [percnt]FVC. The regression models were adjusted for age, sex and other key variables. For each unit increase in 8-oxo-dG, ALSFRS-R decreased by 0.11 points (p = .0064) and for each .1 unit increase in PCr, ALSFRS-R increased by 0.88 points (p< .0001). 8-oxo-dG and PCr were weakly and negatively correlated (Spearman’s r = -.12; p = .025). When both 8-oxo-dG and PCr were included in the same regression model, the point estimates decreased slightly but remained statistically significant, consistent with a partial mediation effect. None of the other biomarkers showed correlations with the clinimetric data. Conclusion: PCr and 8-oxo-dG are independently associated with ALSFRS-R and [percnt]FVC at baseline. The association between 8-oxo-dG and the outcomes may be partially mediated by PCr. These are promising biomarkers for assessment of ALS severity based on baseline data and we will soon have longitudinal data on progression available. (Funded by NIH R01ES016348, MDA, MDA Wings, and others) Disclosure: Dr. Mitsumoto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Santella has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hupf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Furlong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cremers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Votto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singleton has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goetz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gurvich has nothing to disclose. Dr. Oskarsson has received personal compensation for activities with Avanir Pharmaceuticals as a speaker. Dr. Fernandes-Filho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gennings has nothing to disclose. Dr. Factor-Litvak has nothing to disclose.
Simulating Human Social Behaviors

While agent-based simulations have been a subject of a great deal of research in recent years, to date there is no framework for describing social agents that captures the uniqueness of human decision-making while remaining applicable across a wide variety of domains. We argue that if multiagent systems are to provide a proper computational model of both human decision-making and social interaction, then these structures and institutions and the cognitive capabilities of the agents that comprise them must be modeled to a level where computational complexity is not sacrificed on behalf of realism. This chapter examines the challenges facing frameworks describing cognitive agents embedded in a social environment. Following the analysis of these challenges, we introduce innovative mechanisms that allow agents to exhibit social behaviors by balancing their individual wants and needs with the concerns of the entire society while retaining a high level of cognition.
Family inequality, school inequalities, and mathematics achievement in 65 countries: Microeconomic mechanisms of rent seeking and diminishing marginal returns

BackgroundWhile many studies show that greater economic inequality widens the achievement gap between rich and poor students, recent studies indicate that countries with greater economic inequality...
Gust and structural response analysis using a 2D Euler cascade aeroelastic solver

A two dimensional Multistage Aeroelastic Program, MSAP2D, is being developed at NASA Lewis Research Center. The MSAP2D code can be used for the steady and unsteady aerodynamic, and aeroelastic analysis of single or multiple row of cascades having unequal number of blades in the cascade. Earlier the code has been calibrated for multistage configurations. In the present effort the code has been modified to include prescribed gust excitation input. The modification has been validated by comparing the analysis with measured data. The required unsteady aerodynamic forces are obtained from an Euler solver based on a flux differencing scheme. The aerodynamic solver is coupled with a typical section structural model for each blade of the cascade in each row. The aeroelastic response characteristics are analyzed in the time domain, by sequentially solving the structural and aerodynamic equations for each time step. The aerodynamic response calculations for vortical gust (perturbation in velocity) for the experimental turbine cascade showed reasonable agreement with the measured data.
Never Quite the Right Size: Scaling the Digital in CG Cinema:

In contemporary digital culture, computers are shrinking in size while computer networks grow increasingly large. At the same time, individuals have an array of technologies at their command, but are also faced with overwhelming options and information, and are subject to extensive and intrusive data collection. This article explores dichotomies between the miniature and vast or gigantic in recent films with narratives of scalar difference, including Jack the Giant Slayer, Pacific Rim, and Wreck-It Ralph. The author suggests that the representations of scale in these films offer implicit commentary on the digital technologies used to produce their scaled effects and images, and further serve as allegories of containment and excess, control and the uncontrollable, as pertaining to digital imagery and technologies.
Optimal Downlink and Uplink Fractional Frequency Reuse in Cellular Wireless Networks

Densely deployed cellular wireless networks, which employ small cell technology, are being widely implemented. Mitigating the impact of inter- and intracell signal interferences induced by the operations of these networks is a challenging yet essential task. In this paper, we consider adaptive rate scheduling for a transmitting node, regardless of whether it is a base station (BS) or a mobile user. We aim to maximize the system's throughput through the employment of fractional frequency reuse (FFR) schemes. Each BS employs either an omnidirectional or a directional antenna system. We derive the optimal configuration of the FFR scheme and evaluate the ensuing system's performance behavior under absolute and proportional fairness requirements. To maximize the attained throughput by mobiles, we determine the best method to use to classify cell users into interior and edge mobiles. The bandwidth levels allocated for serving interior and edge mobiles are optimized. We derive approximate closed-form mathematical expressions for calculating the probability distributions of the interference signal levels measured at the destined receivers. We account for the impact of the classification process on intercell interference power levels. Under an absolute fairness requirement, we show that optimally configured FFR schemes lead to much enhanced performance. We show that the optimally configured directional-FFR schemes increase the throughput capacity by a factor of about 60% relative to that obtained by using optimal omnidirectional-FFR schemes. The analyses and simulation results presented in this paper serve to characterize the performance behavior attainable by using such small cell deployed cellular wireless network systems when employing the underlying configurations.
ENDOPHYTE-HOST ASSOCIATIONS IN FORAGE GRASSES. IV. THE ENDOPHYTE OF FESTUCA VERSUTA

Plants of Festuca versuta contain a fungal endophyte in leaf sheaths, stems, seeds, embryos, and seedlings. The endophyte was isolated and its cultural characteristics were compared to those of the endophytes of F. arundinacea and Lolium perenne. The endophyte of F. versuta appeared to be distinct from endophytes of other forage grasses. On the other hand, the endophytes of all three grasses produce an antifungal substance(s) in vitro, which may represent a common feature of these microorganisms in vivo.
Study of controlled rolling and controlled cooling on a fire-resistant steel for construction

Experiments of controlled rolling and controlled cooling processing have been carried out on a (Nb, Ti) microalloyed fire-resistant steel for construction. A series of test method and means such as optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and mechanical property tests are utilized to analyse the effect of different cooling style (air cooling, furnace cooling and water cooling) on microstructure and mechanical properties. And the strain induced precipitation behavior is also investigated. By controlling the processing parameters that the yield strength about 524MPa , tensile strength about 749MPa, impact toughness about 60J, ratio of σ0.2/σb lower 0. 8 and the high temperature strength at 600℃ larger the 2/3 of the room temperature strength can be obtained, which can reach the mechanical property requirements of the fire-resistant steel for construction.
Gibbs vs Boltzmann Entropies (1965)

In the 1950’s and early 1960’s there was a great deal of activity trying to develop a theory of irreversible processes in terms of the notion of local entropy production. For a time it appeared that this conception might be justified in statistical theory. However, these arguments (de Groot and Mazur, 1962) used the Boltzmann H-function definition of entropy, S B = —kH B based on the single-particle distribution function. Recognition of the difficulties caused by this was slow in coming.
Work-family role integration and personal well-being

We examine the moderating effect of attitudes towards PWU on the relationship between role integration and well-being.We find that positive PWU attitudes would weaken the negative effects of role conflict and well-being.Our data provide partial support for the enhancing role of PWU attitudes with role facilitation and well-being. Managing the spillover and integrating the work and life domains has become a critical challenge for both individuals and organizations as the two domains become increasingly interlocked. An under-research area in our understanding of the integration of role domains is how individual employees have taken the initiative to "work through" the issues - that is to improvise solutions to role integration often apart from formally sanctioned organizational initiatives. We propose that many employees are using information technology, specifically the web, to facilitate role integration between the work and family domains. Using the role integration perspective, this study examines the role of attitudes towards work/family personal web usage (PWU) as a moderator between role integration and well-being outcomes. Our data support a direct negative relationship between role conflict and well-being as well as a direct positive relationship between role facilitation and personal well-being. We also find that attitudes towards work/family PWU strongly buffer the relationship between role conflict and personal well-being. Finally, our data provide partial support for the enhancing role of PWU attitudes with role facilitation and well-being.
The Political Economy of a Living Wage

In this book, I will tell the story behind Franklin D. Roosevelt’s interest in a living wage. This chapter first examines the issues a living wage raise for interpretations of the economic policies of the New Deal. It then reviews the history of political economy to show how economic thinkers supported the concept of a subsistence wage as a living wage, followed by a study of the writings of John Augustine Ryan as an overview of the arguments in favor of a living wage and the programs that a government could use to bring it about. In comparison, it will present the elements of Roosevelt’s programs for a living wage. The chapter finds a definition of social justice as ensuring that everyone shares economic prosperity.
Photometric Properties of Solar System Ices

We present an overview of fundamental photometric properties of icy surfaces throughout the Solar System and investigate the extent to which these properties reflect the evolution of the bodies on which they reside. We review photometric models and their parameters and discuss the physical interpretability of those parameters. We focus on those fundamental photometric properties, primarily albedo and the near-opposition phase function, which are independent of any interpretation from the application of a photometric model. Finally, we offer suggestions for future work, both observational and laboratory measurements, which will enhance the scientific return from continued photometric studies of icy bodies in the Solar System.
Multimodal integration of spontaneously produced representational co-speech gestures: an fMRI study

To examine whether more ecologically valid co-speech gesture stimuli elicit brain responses consistent with those found by studies that relied on scripted stimuli, we presented participants with spontaneously produced, meaningful co-speech gesture during fMRI scanning (n = 28). Speech presented with gesture (versus either presented alone) elicited heightened activity in bilateral posterior superior temporal, premotor, and inferior frontal regions. Within left temporal and premotor, but not inferior frontal regions, we identified small clusters with superadditive responses, suggesting that these discrete regions support both sensory and semantic integration. In contrast, surrounding areas and the inferior frontal gyrus may support either sensory or semantic integration. Reduced activation for speech with gesture in language-related regions indicates allocation of fewer neural resources when meaningful gestures accompany speech. Sign language experience did not affect co-speech gesture activation. Overall, our results indicate that scripted stimuli have minimal confounding influences; however, they may miss subtle superadditive effects.