cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Balanced reconnection intervals: four case studies

During steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events the magnetosphere is active, yet there are no data sig- natures of a large scale reconfiguration, such as a substorm. While this definition has been used for years it fails to elu- cidate the true physics that is occurring within the magneto- sphere, which is that the dayside merging rate and the night- side reconnection rate balance. Thus, it is suggested that these events be renamed Balanced Reconnection Intervals (BRIs). This paper investigates four diverse BRI events that support the idea that new name for these events is needed. The 3-4 February 1998 event falls well into the classic defi- nition of an SMC set forth by Sergeev et al. (1996), while the other challenge some previous notions about SMCs. The 15 February 1998 event fails to end with a substorm expansion and concludes as the magnetospheric activity slowly quiets. The third event, 22-23 December 2000, begins with a slow build up of magnetospheric activity, thus there is no initiat- ing substorm expansion. The last event, 17 February 1998, is more active (larger AE, AL and cross polar cap potential) than previously studied SMCs. It also has more small scale activity than the other events studied here.
Alimentary Absorption of Gentamicin in Preterm Infants

Fifty-two preterm neonates receiving oral gentamicin from birth, as prophylaxis against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), had serum gentamicin levels measured on the second day of life (52 infants) and on the seventh to tenth days (43 infants). The serum gentamicin concentrations on the second day were 0.5 μg/ml or less in 21 percent, 0.6 to 1.0 μg/ml in 15 percent, 1.1 to 2 μg/ml in 34 percent, 2.1 to 5 μg/ml in 25 percent, and 5 to 7.1 μg/ml in 4 percent of the infants. Paired serum gentamicin levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) on the seventh to tenth day as compared to the second day. We conclude that preterm infants in the first few days of life absorb orally administered gentamicin. Concomitant use of systemic gentamicin under such circumstances may potentially lead to toxic serum gentamicin concentration.
Syntactic Phrase Reordering for English-to-Arabic Statistical Machine Translation

Syntactic Reordering of the source language to better match the phrase structure of the target language has been shown to improve the performance of phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation. This paper applies syntactic reordering to English-to-Arabic translation. It introduces reordering rules, and motivates them linguistically. It also studies the effect of combining reordering with Arabic morphological segmentation, a preprocessing technique that has been shown to improve Arabic-English and English-Arabic translation. We report on results in the news text domain, the UN text domain and in the spoken travel domain.
Opening Space for Client Reflection: A Postmodern Consideration

It is suggested in this article that perhaps during those occasions in which some distance exists between ourselves and our problems in life, we might experience an opportunity for reflective thinking. It is also suggested that opportunities for reflective thinking might be of benefit to clients in counseling. This article reviews selected literature addressing reflective thinking and it reviews selected literature that would seem to provide a perspective on facilitating “space” for reflective thinking during family counseling.
Bloc Voting, Polarization, and the Panethnic Hypothesis: The Case of Little Saigon

The extensive literature on racial bloc voting (RBV) and minority representation has given little attention to Asian Americans. This paper contributes by examining the behavior of Vietnamese Americans living in the Little Saigon enclave in Orange County, California. Matching surname-coded voter registration records and precinct level returns for state and municipal elections between 1998 and 2002, I find evidence of bloc voting and polarization in every race where a Vietnamese American candidate is pitted against a white candidate. Further, I find evidence of panethnic behavior: Vietnamese Americans consistently rank candidates of different Asian ethnicities as their candidates of choice. Coming in light of recent evidence suggesting that polarized voting is declining in some parts of the United States, the findings have theoretical and instrumental implications for Asian-American politics and the study of race and ethnicity.
Medical records as sources of data on cardiovascular disease events in persons with diabetes

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate medical records as a source of data on cardiovascular disease over a 20-year interval. Methods Participants in a population-based cohort of persons with Type 1 diabetes were asked whether they had been told by a doctor that they had several specific cardiovascular events. In addition, they were asked when and where they were hospitalized for myocardial infarction, stroke, surgical procedures, and for other conditions and procedures. The medical care institution was contacted to obtain copies of the relevant hospitalization. Results Overall, the confirmation of the self-reported events was 86.0% when medical records were obtained. Percent confirmed varied with the diagnosis. Reports of poor circulation in the lower extremities were confirmed in 42.6%, stroke was confirmed in 70%, and coronary bypass surgery was confirmed in 100% of cases. The success of obtaining medical records was greater for those events that were reported to have occurred more recently than those reported further in the past, especially when 10 or more years had elapsed. Conclusion Medical record confirmation of reported cardiovascular events in persons with Type 1 diabetes was high for some events when medical records could be obtained but was lower for “poor circulation” to the legs and stroke possibly related to the lack of specificity of our questions, to incorrect attribution of symptoms by the respondent, or to inaccurate recall of a physician's examination. Medical record confirmation was better for more recent than past events. Therefore, when hard copy documentation is needed, it should be sought within 10 years of the event.
Pectoralis major ruptures in professional American football players.

AbstractBackground: Pectoralis major injuries are an infrequent shoulder injury that can result in pain, weakness, and deformity. These injuries may occur during the course of an athletic competition, including football. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of pectoralis major ruptures in professional football players and time lost from the sport following injury. We hypothesized that ruptures most frequently occur during bench-press strength training. Methods: The National Football League Injury Surveillance System was reviewed for all pectoralis major injuries in all players from 2000 to 2010. Details regarding injury setting, player demographics, method of treatment, and time lost were recorded. Results: A total of 10 injuries—complete ruptures—were identified during this period. Five of the 10 were sustained in defensive players, generally while tackling. Nine occurred during game situations, and 1 occurred during practice. Specific data pertinent to the practice injury was not ava...
Loss of the Assumptive World—How We Deal with Death and Loss

The assumptive world concept refers to the assumptions or beliefs that ground, secure, stabilize, and orient people. They are our core beliefs. In the face of death and trauma, these beliefs are shattered and disorientation and even panic can enter the lives of those affected. In essence, the security of their beliefs has been aborted. This article will look at the concept of the assumptive world, how attachments are impacted by its violation, and will make suggestions for intervention for those who work to rebuild survivors of loss.
A converse theorem for metaplectic Eisenstein series on the double and triple covers of SL2(ℚ(−D))

In this work, we prove a converse theorem for metaplectic Eisenstein series on the nth metaplectic cover of the group SL2(F), where F is an imaginary quadratic number field containing the nth roots of unity. This is an analog to previous converse theorems relating certain double Dirichlet series to the Mellin transforms of Eisenstein series of half-integer weight. We also propose a way to generalize this result to any number field.
The World Trade Constitution: Reinforcing Democracy Through Trade

Many politicians and scholars argue that the recently-established World Trade Organization (WTO) poses a threat to the democratic sovereignty of its member states. This article refutes the conventional wisdom, arguing that, so long as the WTO operates within proper bounds, it can actually reinforce democracy within member states. We contend that the WTO represents a new "world trade constitution" in which domestic majorities have committed to institutions that restrain the ability of interest groups to obtain protectionist legislation at the public expense. We demonstrate that this constitution has the potential both to help majorities work their will and to promote international trade, thereby increasing global economic growth. We address recent proposals to reform the WTO by involving it in setting global standards in such areas as environmental and labor regulation. Far from creating a more democratic process, we show, these proposals would strengthen the influence of interest groups, leading to results that are neither democratic nor efficient. We also consider the most controversial area of the WTO's jurisdiction-its invalidation of safety, health, and environmental measures that discriminate against foreign imports. We urge that the WTO adopt a jurisprudence that reinforces the democratic processes in member states even as it ferrets out such discrimination.
MIRD Monograph: Radiobiology and Dosimetry for Radiopharmaceutical Therapy with Alpha-Particle Emitters

G. Sgouros, Ed. Reston, VA: Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2015, 67 pages, $49 Publication of MIRD Monograph: Radiobiology and Dosimetry for Radiopharmaceutical Therapy with Alpha-Particle Emitters was supported by the SNMMI MIRD Committee to provide clinicians with
From the Site of the Empty Tomb: Approaching the Hidden Grief of Prenatal Loss

Despite the prevalence of pregnancy loss, theologians and pastoral ministers have continually neglected the experience. In this paper, I suggest that a deep lacuna exists in theological reflection and pastoral practice with respect to the widespread but silenced experience of miscarriage and stillbirth. While Catholic magisterial teaching is outspoken in its opposition to abortion and embryo destruction, the sparse and improvisational nature of theological, pastoral, and liturgical responses to women who experience the loss of a child in the womb calls into question the depth and breadth of its commitment to the conviction that unborn life is sacred and worthy of being mourned. I begin by briefly mapping the contours of the treatment of pregnancy and motherhood in feminist theology, arguing that theological neglect of pregnancy loss impoverishes feminist discourse and pastoral practice. I then identify three areas of social and theological contestation that have contributed to this neglect. Finally, I place personal and pastoral experience in conversation with Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza's retrieval of the Mary Magdalene/empty tomb tradition in John’s gospel (Jn 20:1-18), arguing that it provides a promising hermeneutical lens through which to begin to approach theologically and pastorally women’s experiences of death before birth.
Host feeding, egg maturation, resorption, and longevity in the parasitoid Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).

I investigated several physiological factors associated with host feeding in the parasitoid, Aphytis melinus DeBach. Host feeding refers to the consumption of host tissues or fluids by the aduli female wasp. Dynamic behavioral models developed for the decision of whether to host feed or oviposit in Aphytis highlighted the importance of parasitoid egg load (number of mature eggs) and two physiological features: whether host feeding supplies nutrients to a metabolic requirement as well as to egg maturation and the presence and length of an egg maturation de ay; i.e., the time required to convert a host-feeding meal to mature eggs. I therefore investigated these two features in Aphytis. Host feeding appeared to supply a metabolic nutrient demand as well as egg maturation in Aphytis ; females that received honey ad libitum but no host meals resorbed eggs until they had few or no eggs left and then died. By contrast, female Aphytis given a host meal and honey ad libitum produced more eggs-with an ≈12- to 18-1 egg maturation delay-and ultimately lived longer. Other parasitoids may have physiologies similar to Aphytis but too few data exist to make conclusions about broad patterns of the function of host feeding in parasitoids.
CFD on the Sony PS3

The Sony PlayStation 3 uses the powerful Cell Broadband Engine processor which is used within the Department of Energy’s Roadrunner supercomputer, the world’s fastest. This revolutionary processor performs math intensive operations at roughly 10-50 times faster than current single-core PC processors, due to the vector-like operations of the processors and the use of specialized math co-processors. However, to take advantage of this processing power, a computationally-intensive code must be rewritten into a vector format and reorganized to access these co-processors. This paper describes the programming alterations required to port an existing 2D unstructured finite-volume flow solver to the Cell processor. The reduction in computation time for simulations running on the Sony PS3 is roughly a factor of 6 over the original non-vectorized code running on the PS3. Once the code has been ported to the Sony PS3 platform, it is expected that only minor alterations, in particular, compile-time alterations, would be necessary in order to run on other computational platforms based on the Cell processor.
Buckling and Postbuckling of Unitized, Stiffened Composite Panels

This investigation continues the examination into buckling and postbuckling responses of unitized, stiffened textile fiber reinforced composite plates using the finite element method for comparison with experimental results. Experiments in axial compression of two types of two dimensional, tri-axially braided (2DTBC) textiles are discussed, and a method to recover partially faulty datasets is presented. Comparison of experiments to a developed computational model within the commercial code Abaqus is also discussed. The observed failure mode was successfully changed with the unitized stiffener concept from stiffener debonding to another mode, thereby increasing loading capability well into the postbuckling regime.
Thyroglobulin antibody status and differentiated thyroid cancer: what does it mean for prognosis and surveillance?

Purpose of reviewTo provide an overview of the clinical utility of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) measurements in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), taking into consideration the methodological concerns associated with these measurements.Recent findingsIn the past 1 to 2 years, cl
Contamination of Foodborn Pathogens in Wenzhou in 2007

Objective To understand the contamination of foodborne pathogens in Wenzhou,such as Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes,E. coli O157∶ H7,Campylobacter,Staphylococcus aureus,Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Laribacter hong kongensis. To improve the capability of detecting,early warning and controlling foodborne diseases,and to effectively prevent and predict the out-break of foodborne illness. Method Based on the 2007 workbook on foodborne diseases surveillance network. Results In the 476 tested samples,74 strains of pathogens were detected,including 6 strains of Salmonella; 9 strains of Listeria monocytogenes; 20 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 39 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. No E. coli O157∶ H7,Campylobacter,Laribacter hong kongensis was found. Conclusion There were some contamination of foodborne pathogens in Wenzhou,especially in cold dishes,marine fish and bulk cooked meat products.
The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Ocular Pain

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain originating in the eye was studied in 10 patients. All three patients subjected to TENS during panretinal photocoagulation reported marked reduction in pain. Three of five patients who had persistent pain following scleral buckling and/or vitrectomy reported partial or complete relief of pain during the application of TENS. One patient had equivocal relief of pain when TENS was used during retinal cryopexy; 1 patient with acute pain following paracentesis and 1 patient with persistent pain following cyclocryotherapy had no relief. Among those patients whose pain was reduced by TENS, referred brow pain was relieved more than globe pain.
Reversal of Target-Specific Oral Anticoagulants

Although clinical trials have shown that bleeding rates associated with the use of target-specific oral anticoagulant drugs are lower than with the use of vitamin K antagonists, there is a desire to have a reversal agent from the standpoint of physician/patient comfort and for use in situations when major bleeding does occur or when surgical intervention is needed. To date, emergency reversal of the anticoagulant or hemorrhagic effects of these drugs has been achieved with varying success using nonspecific agents such as prothrombin complex concentrates and rFVIIa. Newer, specific agents such as andexanet alfa and idarucizumab are being developed to fill the void. It is expected that these antagonists will facilitate the safe and efficient use of target-specific oral anticoagulants. (Editor’s Note—The first of these, Praxbind® (idarucizumab), was approved by the FDA in October 2015 for reversal of dabigatran effect, some months after this chapter had been initially prepared.)
Prophylactic low-dose hydrocortisone treatment increases the rate of survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants

Commentary on: Baud O, Maury L, Ramful D, et al. Effect of early low-dose hydrocortisone on survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants (PREMILOC): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet 2016;387:1827–36[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth, with a reported incidence of 40% in extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks gestation).1 BPD is associated with an increased risk of long-term pulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidity.2 The corticosteroid dexamethasone reduces the risk of BPD in preterm infants, but its use has been discouraged due to the risk for short-term (gastrointestinal perforation) and long-term (cerebral palsy) adverse effects.3 The corticosteroid hydrocortisone has been suggested as a safe and effective alternative for dexamethasone but, to date, studies comparing hydrocortisone to placebo have … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.volume%253D387%26rft.spage%253D1827%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252816%252900202-6%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26916176%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00202-6&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=26916176&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F21%2F5%2F177.atom
Compassion and the Construction of Women’s Identity in Rome, Open City

This chapter investigates Rossellini’s representations of compassion, opening new lines of inquiry in the examination of the film. It also highlights potential connections with the traditional patriarchal ideology, prevailing during Italy’s Fascist period, and deviations from it, which neorealist artists try to eliminate. Rossellini uses compassion as a way to solve struggles and to underscore and approve modern women’s political and social participation. The film also suggests that those qualities are valued only when women also demonstrate the patriarchal values particularly glorified by Fascism, such as commitment to the roles of wife and mother associated with the domestic sphere, thus proposing a less inventive way of problem-solving.
Role of Histidine and Tyrosine Decarboxylases and Mono- and Diamine Oxidases in Amine Build-Up in Cheese.

Presence of biologically active amines in foods has been recognized for about 20 years. Past research on amines such as tyramine and histamine has not investigated factors which account for the variable concentrations often found in food products. This research was designed to investigate the roles of tyrosine and histidine decarboxylase activities and mono- and diamine oxidases (MAO and DAO) in amine formation and catabolism in cheese. The data indicate that the presence of decarboxylases is probably not the limiting factor for amine build-up. Most cheeses contained decarboxylase activities for both tyrosine and histidine; however, tyramine and histamine were present in some cheeses which did not contain detectable levels of the corresponding decarboxylases at the time of sampling. Few cheeses possessed MAO or DAO activities. When the oxidases were present, the amine contents were usually lower. A Colby cheese containing tyramine and histamine with high MAO activity also possessed high tyrosine decarboxylase activity. It appears that a major limiting factor in formation of biologically active amines in cheese is the availability of free amino acids for decarboxylation. Dairy-related bacteria generally lacked the amine oxidases. However, five of six dairy-related cultures with highly active decarboxylases showed MAO or DAO activities. The culture showing the highest DAO activity, Microbacterium lacticum , possessed low tyrosine and histidine decarboxylase activities.
A regional, market oriented governance for disaster management: a new planning approach

This paper proposes a regional competitive governance and management of response and recovery from disasters. It presents problems experienced in major disasters, analyzes the failures, and suggests how a competitive system that relies on private and volunteer regional leaders, personnel, and capital can improve preparation, response and recovery efforts over the existing government system. A Public Choice approach is adopted to explain why government often fails, and how regional governance may be socially more efficient than the existing federal- state-local funded and managed disaster system. The paper suggests that the federal role might change from both funding and supplying aid in disasters to merely funding disaster recovery efforts. When a disaster occurs, available businesses and government resources in the region can be utilized under a competitive system. These resources could replace existing federal and state inventories and emergency personnel. An independent regionally controlled and managed council, which also develops its own financial resources, and local volunteer leaders are key for success. The paper suggests a new planning method that utilizes the statistical Factor Analysis methodology to derive an efficient organizational and functional model to confront disasters.
Experiments on histamine refractoriness

Abstract Histamine pretreatment of guinea pigs (passively) sensitized to eggwhite failed to decrease their anaphylactic response to the specific antigen. This result is in contrast to our findings in serum-sensitized guinea pigs in which pretreatment with histamine decreases the anaphylactic response to serum.
Recurrent miller fisher: a new case report and a literature review

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is considered to be an uncommon variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The disease is clinically characterized by acute ataxia of limbs, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia, although the set of symptoms and signs can be quite heterogeneous, with a benign and monophasic course. We describe a case of recurrent MFS where there have been four clinical episodes occurred with complete remission after each relapse. Last recurrence was treated with oral steroids. The reported frequency of recurrent MFS in literature is variable as well as the best treatment in these cases. We add a new case treated with steroid and we perform a review of the literature.
LA TUTELA PRECONTRACTUAL Y CONTRACTUAL DEL ACREEDOR EN EL CÓDIGO CIVIL CHILENO: DOS SISTEMAS ESTRUCTURALMENTE DIVERSOS, PERO, ¿PLENAMENTE COHERENTES Y CONVERGENTES?

The present work aims to tackle the precontractual protection system contained in the Civil Code as opposed to the contractual one, evidencing that, despite being based on different budgets and integrated by different means of protection, there is coherence in the protection granted to the creditor, which translates into areas of convergence that determine the need to recognize the possibility of choosing between one and the other and eradicate the alleged priority or hierarchy of the second with respect to the first that currently consecrate soft law normative instruments such as the UNIDROIT Principles.
Separation of D, L-amino acids using ligand exchange membranes

Abstract Chiral ligand exchange membranes were synthesized for potential use in racemic filtration applicable to the pharmaceutical industry. Regenerated cellulose membranes with 1 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) were grafted with chiral L -proline-copper complexes through an intermediate epoxy-silane surface functionalization reaction performed for various times (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). The resulting membranes were evaluated in single component diffusion experiments with D or L -Phenylalanine (Phe), which showed much higher permeability for D -Phe compared with L -Phe. The membranes were then evaluated under pressure-driven, single enantiomer filtration and all grafted membranes exhibited predicted enantiomeric excess, with the 6 h epoxy-silane modified membrane yielding 100% enantiomeric excess (EE) over the largest throughput. An equimolar racemic mixture of D,L-Phe was subsequently used to challenge the optimum 6 h epoxy-silane modified membrane, and a two-tiered breakthrough curve was obtained. As predicted by the single enantiomer filtration results, the membrane was shown to completely fractionate the enantiomers at Peclet numbers of ~ 400. The high Peclet number during filtration combined with complete enantiomer fractionation is very intriguing as a competitive technology to chiral chromatography. Simply exposing the membrane surface to the epoxy-silane, L -proline, and copper solution presents a facile and scalable method for membrane surface modification.
Key Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention: An Exploratory Study among Fashion Students

In the global fashion industry, entrepreneurs accelerate design innovation and new business models, while creating employment opportunities. There is limited knowledge about what nurtures early entrepreneurial intentions among fashion students. To address this gap, this study aims to explore the entrepreneurial intention of college fashion students in the United States. The theoretical framework for this study is Entrepreneurial Event Theory. Social Cognitive Theory is used as a supplemental theory to explain entrepreneurial intention among students. In-depth interviews with open-ended questions were employed. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the entrepreneurial intention of fashion students by combining Entrepreneurial Event Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. Personality factors, financial support, information access, social network, and prior exposure to entrepreneurial experience contribute most to entrepreneurship as a career choice. This study is one of the few studies that focused on entrepreneurial intention among fashion students and fashion entrepreneurship education.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Administered Before Conditioning Ameliorates Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Mice

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is important in tissue repair and wound healing and its administration can abrogate chemical- and radiation-induced tissue damage in rodents. We investigated KGF as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-induced tissue damage, morbidity, and mortality in an established murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model. B10.BR (H2k) recipient mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with C57BL/6 (H2b) bone marrow (BM) with spleen cells (BMS) as a source of GVHD-causing T cells. KGF-treated mice (5 mg/kg/d subcutaneously days −6, −5, and −4 pre-BMT) receiving BMS exhibited better survival than those not receiving KGF ( P = .0027). Cyclophosphamide (Cy), a common component of total body irradiation (TBI)-containing regimens, was administered to other cohorts of mice at a dose of 120 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally on days −3 and −2 before BMT. KGF-treated mice again exhibited a better survival rate than those not receiving KGF ( P = .00086). However, KGF-treated recipients receiving TBI or Cy/TBI BMS were not GVHD-free, as shown by lower body weights compared with BM groups. GVHD target tissues were assessed histologically during a 38-day post-BMT observation period. KGF ameliorated GVHD-induced tissue damage in the liver, skin, and lung (completely in some recipients) and moderately so in the spleen, colon, and ileum, even with Cy conditioning. These studies demonstrate that KGF administration, completed before conditioning, has potential as an anti-GVHD therapeutic agent.
Systems for Supporting Operations Management Decisions

This chapter surveys the state of the art of decision support systems (DSSs) for operations management (OM) with the intent to highlight the important role that DSSs play in facilitating decision processes in OM. Organized along the temporal dimension of OM decisions, our discussion starts with DSSs for long-term OM decisions including operations strategy, capacity planning, location planning, product/process design and design/manufacturing integration. This is followed by a discussion on DSSs for medium- and short-term OM decisions on production planning and control that includes systems such as communication- oriented production information and control systems, material requirements planning, manufacturing resources planning, distribution requirements planning, enterprise resources planning, and operations/project scheduling. After a brief discussion on DSSs for service operations, we conclude our book chapter by providing some perspectives on future development in DSSs for OM.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF NAUSEA, VOMITING, AND RETCHING

Purpose/objectives To promote accurate patient assessment, effective patient teaching, and useful research design and outcomes by defining the concepts of nausea, vomiting, and retching; to review the usefulness of self-care guides in assessing the patient's symptom experience. Data sources Journal articles, the author's clinical experiences. Data synthesis The concepts of nausea, vomiting, and retching may be difficult for patients to describe and for nurses to assess. Measurement and assessment methods that accurately reflect the patient's experience are critical. Conclusion Management of the individual symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and retching requires expert ongoing assessment of the patient's symptom experience that extends beyond the clinic or hospital visit. Information about symptom occurrence and distress and about self-care strategies used can play a crucial role in the identification, prevention, and management of symptom experience, with the good of improving the patient's quality of life. Implications for nursing practice Effective management of the patient's symptom experience depends on the oncology nurse's ability to differentiate occurrence and distress of the individual symptoms and to implement current knowledge not only of chemotherapy, antiemetic drugs, and nonpharmacologic interventions but of unerring ongoing assessments that lead to cost-effective, clinically useful patient outcomes. Basic scientific knowledge for research, practice, and education necessitates reliable, valid measurement tools that differentiate the components and dimensions of the individual symptoms.
Candida Albicans Acid Proteinase: Characterization and Role in Candidiasis

Candida albicans and related species are medically important yeast-like dimorphic fungi that are responsible, in part, for the rising incidence of serious, life-threatening opportunistic infections seen in immunocompromised and debilitated patients. In addition to minor localized infections of cutaneous, oropharyngeal and vaginal epithelium, Candida spp. produce transient or persistent fungemia that leads to systemic infections of virtually any organ (esp. liver, kidney and lung). Hematologic malignancy and transplant patients with prolonged neutropenia and antibiotic resistant fevers are particularly at risk. C. albicans and C. tropicalis are medically the most important, although other species do cause disease, but less frequently.
Electrical behavior of particle-filled polymer nanocomposites

Abstract: Composite polymer materials containing a wide array of micron-sized fibers, flakes, and particles have provided improvements in non-electrical properties, such as hardness, thermal expansion, abrasion resistance, weight, and cost. However, when applied as solid dielectrics, these composites often display some degradation in electrical performance, when compared with their unfilled counterparts. In recent years, nanocomposites (i.e., composites with fillers smaller than 100 nm) have been shown to possess many of the same improvements without the associated decrease in electrical insulation properties. In fact, many nanofilled systems demonstrate electrical properties (e.g., dielectric breakdown strength and voltage endurance) that are improved over unfilled resins. It is believed that these improvements in nanodielectrics stem from the relatively large volume fraction of interfacial region between the filler and polymer matrix, where local properties such as density, conductivity, and chain mobility are modified by the presence of the inclusions. In this chapter, consideration is given to local and bulk properties due to loading of the host matrix with nanoparticles.
Effectiveness of Policies and Programs to Combat Adult Obesity: a Systematic Review

This systematic review identifies programs, policies, and built-environment changes targeting prevention and control of adult obesity and evaluates their effectiveness. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EconLit from January 2000 to March 2018. We included natural experiment studies evaluating a program, policy, or built-environment change targeting adult obesity and reporting weight/body mass index (BMI). Studies were categorized by primary intervention target: physical activity/built environment, food/beverage, messaging, or multiple. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias for each study using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Of 158 natural experiments targeting obesity, 17 reported adult weight/BMI outcomes. Four of 9 studies reporting on physical activity/built environment demonstrated reduced weight/BMI, although effect sizes were small with low strength of evidence and high risk of bias. None of the 5 studies targeting the food/beverage environment decreased weight/BMI; strength of evidence was low, and 2 studies were rated high risk of bias. We identified few natural experiments reporting on the effectiveness of programs, policies, and built-environment changes on adult obesity. Overall, we found no evidence that policies intending to promote physical activity and healthy eating had beneficial effects on weight/BMI and most studies had a high risk of bias. Limitations include few studies met our inclusion criteria; excluded studies in children and those not reporting on weight/BMI outcomes; weight/BMI reporting was very heterogeneous. More high-quality research, including natural experiments studies, is critical for informing the population-level effectiveness of obesity prevention and control initiatives in adults.
Nontraditional Women Students' Experiences of Identity Recognition and Marginalization During Advising

Nontraditional women students, defined as older than 24 years, parents, or veterans, compose a fast-growing higher education population. Many face identity-related challenges when interacting with advisors. From 2 northeastern U.S. women's colleges, 42 nontraditional women students participated in phenomenological interviews focused on their advising experiences, including the way advisors engaged with their identities. We classified 6 themes, 3 positive (guidance, identity recognition, advocacy) and 3 negative (indifference, identity marginalization, gatekeeping), that underscored the centrality of advisor engagement with identity for advisee-defined experiences. Advisors encouraged nontraditional women when recognizing intersectional identities as assets but also marginalized students through stereotyping or communicating low expectations. We highlight implications for future research and practice in this domain.
Demonstration of the Hybrid Opto-electronic Correlator for Shift, Scale, and Rotation Invariant Target Recognition

We demonstrate experimentally that our proposed hybrid opto-electronic correlator is capable of detecting objects in a scale, rotation, and shift invariant manner using currently available technologies by incorporating the polar Mellin transform.
The Skin of an Indian: Texts, Bodies, Material Religion

The Iliff School of Theology is located on the American plains, in Denver, Colorado. The school was founded in 1892 and a year later it received a curious and troubling gift, a book on Christian hi...
Analysis of Mufflers and Ducts

The transfer matrix analysis of the transmission through walls as discussed in Chap. 3 is readily adaptable to the analysis of mufflers. This approach will enable us to construct models of muffler and/or duct systems having nearly arbitrary complexity. In the following, we will examine several key muffler components using transfer matrices. A very common muffler construction is the expansion muffler, which consists of a section of a pipe or duct that has an increased cross-sectional area. To develop a transfer matrix model of this we will use three transfer matrices, one for each of the junctions at the ends of the muffler and one for the section between each junction.
How Do Academic Institutions Evaluate Their History?: Campus Case Studies III: Princeton University

The Princeton Slavery Project, begun in 2013, evolved into a major public history project documenting Princeton University’s historical entanglement with the institution of slavery. As a “bottom-up...
IDA4D: Ionospheric Data Assimilation for the ICON Mission

The Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission makes measurements in near-Earth space that provide knowledge of the state of the ionosphere. From the vantage of 575 km altitude in a circular, 27° inclination orbit, it retrieves altitude profiles of the ionospheric density peak in both day and night, characterizing the abundance of oxygen ions in the main ionospheric F-layer. Further, it continuously measures plasma densities and velocities in the immediate vicinity of the observatory. These measurements provide key knowledge required for ICON’s investigations and will be regularly provided data products. They also represent an enhancement to a larger set of ionospheric measurements that are regularly obtained by extant networks. The benefit of this enhancement is realized by ingestion of ICON’s observations into assimilative models developed to provide a realistic state of the ionospheric plasma density as informed by disparate observations. ICON uses the Ionospheric Data Assimilation Four-Dimensional (IDA4D) model for this task and this report demonstrates the assimilation of simulated ICON ionospheric products into this model. The model captures observations in a 3-dimensional tomographic grid, with a temporal component that maintains “memory” of the observations in particular locales between updates, provided by ICON or other sources. The model therefore provides a unifying framework for viewing ICON measurements as part of an integrated whole-ionospheric assimilation.
Assessment of immunogenicity from galcanezumab phase 3 trials in patients with episodic or chronic migraine

BackgroundThis analysis characterizes the immunogenicity profile of galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds calcitonin gene-related peptide and inhibits its activity, i...
Effects of Various Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Supplement Dosages on the Lung Microbiome and Metabolome

Patients with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (A1AD) have abnormally low levels of the protein Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) in their blood, because of a double mutation that makes the protein misfold and instead collect in the liver (sometimes even causing cirrhosis). The currently accepted single dosage (SD) of AAT supplements does not produce AAT blood concentrations anywhere near normal levels; they typically only reach the effect of having a single mutation. Some have therefore advocated for a double dosage (DD) of these treatments, which generally would be enough to approach these normal concentrations. Levels of cytokines, produced by the immune system in response to an attack, have already been observed to drop dramatically when A1AD patients consuming single dosage started taking double dosage, and then either remain the same or increase again upon return to a single dosage regimen. In this study we administer the same dosage sequence to A1AD patients (SD, DD, SD) for one month each and view the effects on their lung microbiome and metabolome. We analyze both at the end of each stage, comparing and contrasting and discovering potential biomarkers for each stage, and concluding with a discussion of potential implications.
An Academic Club Service Learning Project as a Demonstration of Experiential Teaching Tools.

We describe our pedagogical approaches and experiences with an academic club service learning project (one semester, 20 club participants, including both graduate students and lower and upper-level undergraduates). Our service learning project responds to the recent demand for more community service-based club projects within the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at University of Florida. As advisors our goal is to provide the support and tools to help train agricultural professionals. We want the students to value their membership as a means to gain additional academic and professional skills outside the classroom setting. Our goal for this project was to integrate methodology using both the plant science and soil-water science curricula to help broaden student's experiential learning outside the classroom. The students entered this service learning project in a national poster contest at the annual meetings within the Students of Agronomy, Soils and Environmental Science and placed second. Ultimately, we expect that this activity will facilitate development of a civic professionalism through which students can apply their professional skills to complex public problems in agriculture and environmental science.
U.S. farm policy alternatives for 2020

First paragraph: The year 2020 seemed destined to be a year dominated by presidential politics. The Republican candidate for president was never in doubt, but the Democrats began with a crowded field of contenders. Climate change seemed des­tined to be the dominant political issue. However, the political landscape changed abruptly when the coronavirus pandemic exploded into public con­sciousness. A delayed response led to an economic shutdown, seemingly weakening the Republican case for reelection. The Democrats quickly settled on a moderate presidential candidate to head their ticket. The police killing of another unarmed African American then triggered massive street demonstrations. Rather than bring the nation together, these latest crises have further deepened an increasingly critical political divide. . . .
Male voice pitch mediates the relationship between objective and perceived formidability

Abstract Acoustic signals function in intrasexual mating competition in a wide variety of species, including humans. The low voice pitch of human males has been proposed to represent an honest signal of formidability. Although voice pitch in men affects perceptions of size and dominance, it is relatively weakly associated with objective measures of formidability such as body size and strength. As a result, some authors have argued that low male voice pitch is not a valid signal of formidability but is deceptive and salient only because it hijacks a tendency to perceive lower frequency sounds as emanating from larger sources. In this paper, we consider theoretical and empirical issues associated with this perceptual exploitation hypothesis and ask whether male voice pitch transmits information about formidability. We utilize mediation models to investigate whether male voice pitch is an honest signal of formidability in data collected from university students in the U.S. (n = 231 male speakers, 565 male raters) and Canada (n = 74 male speakers, 108 female raters, 65 male raters). In both data sets, male voice pitch mediated the relationship between objective (measured by height) and perceived formidability. Collectively, these results indicate that men’s voice pitch transmits information about formidability from signaler to receiver.
The Economic Consequences of Gray Divorce for Women and Men.

Objectives Gray divorce, which describes divorce among persons aged 50 and older, is increasingly common reflecting the doubling of the gray divorce rate since 1990. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the consequences of gray divorce and in particular how women and men fare economically during the aftermath. Method Using longitudinal data from the 2004-2014 Health and Retirement Study, we estimated hybrid fixed/random-effects models comparing women's and men's economic well-being prior to, during, and following gray divorce and subsequent repartnering. Results Women experienced a 45% decline in their standard of living (measured by an income-to-needs ratio) whereas men's dropped by just 21%. These declines persisted over time for men, and only reversed for women following repartnering, which essentially offset women's losses associated with gray divorce. No gender gap emerged for changes in wealth following divorce with both women and men experiencing roughly a 50% drop. Similarly, repartnering was ameliorative only for women's wealth. Discussion Gray divorce is often financially devastating, especially for women. Although repartnering seems to reverse most of the economic costs of gray divorce for women, few form new co-residential unions after divorce. This study offers a cautionary tale about the financial aftermath of gray divorce, which is likely to contribute to growing economic disadvantage among older adults.
Cardiomyopathies: Dilated, Restrictive/Infiltrative, and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies

Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases that are a major cause of morbidity and mortality (Watkins et al., N Engl J Med 364(17):1643–1656, 2011; McMurray, N Engl J Med 362(3):228–238, 2010). Classification schemes for cardiomyopathy have been complex, and efforts have been made to classify the disease states based on myocardial characteristics and etiologies (Maron et al., Circulation 113:1807–1816, 2006). The etiology, diagnosis, and management of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are the subject of this chapter and several features of each form of cardiomyopathy are highlighted in Table 1.
‘Mon callalou’: Maryse Condé writing herself as female cook

This article analyzes two works by Maryse Conde, Victoire: les saveurs et les mots (2006) and Mets et merveilles (2015), spotlighting the figure of the female cook. It proposes a rereading of Victo...