cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The mechanical integrity of healed diaphyseal bone defects grafted with calcium hydroxyapatite/calciu triphosphate ceramic in a new animal model

Abstract The need for an animal model to test bone graft materials simulating a weight bearing clinical situation is identified. The concept, design and operative detail of a new model is described. This model involved the creation of a mid-diaphyseal wedge defect in the femur of the adult beagle which separated both cortices, plating with a six-hole dynamic compression plate, and allowed immediate full weight bearing. At six months plates were removed and immediate weight bearing was allowed for an additional six months to sacrifice. The initial animal project utilizing this model to evaluate a hydroxyapatite based synthetic graft material was performed using 12 dogs. In addition to the operative procedure, the retrieval testing in torsion of 12 healed grafted bones and their 12 contralateral unoperated controls is described and evaluated. Results showed no statistically significant difference between the torsional strength of test and control femurs (p ≤ 0·05). In addition, the future development of the model is discussed.
Impedance pneumography: noise as signal in impedance cardiography.

Thoracic impedance is modulated by events within the respiratory cycle, which represents a source of “noise” in impedance cardiography. Respiration itself, however, is a physiological rhythm of interest to psychophysiologists. We report here methods and validation for deriving impedance pneumographic measures of respiration from impedance cardiography signals, based on standard tetrapolar band electrodes. We recorded the change in impedance ~DZ!, the first derivative of the change in impedance ~dZ0dt!, output from a strain-gauge respirometer, and criterion spirometry from eight healthy adults during rest, paced breathing, abdominal breathing, thoracic breathing, and a mental arithmetic task. Transfer function analyses revealed that a DZd signal ~derived by integration of the dZ0dt signal! provided the best estimate of the criterion spirometric measure for all parameters ~coherence, phase, and gain!, accounting for almost 90% of the variance in respiratory waveform morphology. The results document the potential utility of impedance pneumography, as derived from standard impedance cardiography signals. Descriptors: Impedance pneumography, Respiration, Respirometry, Tetrapolar electrodes
Edaphic and climatic effects on forest stand development, net primary production, and net ecosystem productivity simulated for Coastal Plain loblolly pine in Virginia

[1] We used SECRETS-3PG to simulate net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growing on the Virginia Coastal Plain, focusing on the effects of soils and climate, and stand age over a 30-year rotation. Soil type was influential, with heavier soils having greater NEP earlier in the rotation than lighter, sandier soils, although these differences disappeared by the rotation end. Climate had only a small effect. Stand age had the largest effect, with simulated annual NEP strongly negative during the first 5 to 8 years of development but peaking at +600 g C m−2 a−1 by age 13. Modest declines in NEP after 13 years were associated with declines in LAI as stands aged. The 30-year mean annual NEP was positive over most of the study area but in a few cases was indistinguishable from zero for northwestern portions of the study. Simulated annual NPP rose from zero to over 2300 g biomass m−2 a−1 by age 12, after which it declined to ∼1700 g biomass m−2 a−1 by rotation end. These results suggest that loblolly pine plantations on the Coastal Plain of Virginia may become net annual C sinks 5 to 9 years after planting but that when averaged over a whole rotation the net carbon accumulation during the baseline rotation simulated here is indistinguishable from zero. Our results also suggest, however, that this finding is sensitive to the length of the rotation, soil type (and thus fertility), and climate, implying that changes in management practices could significantly influence the carbon balance in managed loblolly pine plantations.
3-D CMOS Circuits Based on Low-Loss Vertical Interconnects on Parylene-N

Parylene-N is used as a dielectric layer to create ultra low-loss 3-D vertical interconnects and coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines on a CMOS substrate. Insertion loss of 0.013 dB for a 3-D vertical interconnect through a 15-? m-thick parylene-N layer and 0.56 dB/mm for a 50-? CPW line on the parylene-N layer (compared to 1.85 dB/mm on a standard CMOS substrate) are measured at 40 GHz. L-shaped, U-shaped, and T-junction CPW structures are also fabricated with under passes that eliminate the discontinuities arisen from the slot-line mode and are characterized up to 40 GHz. A 3-D low-noise amplifier using these post-processed structures on a 0.13-?m CMOS technology is also presented along with the investigation of parasitic effects for accurate simulation of such a 3-D circuit. The 3-D circuit implementation reduces the attenuation per unit length of the transmission lines, while preserving the CMOS chip area (in this specific design) by approximately 25%. The 3-D amplifier measures a gain of 13 dB at 2 GHz with 3-dB bandwidth of 500 MHz, noise figure of 3.3 dB, and output 1-dB compression point of +4.6 dBm. Room-temperature processing, simple fabrication, low-loss performance, and compatibility with the CMOS process make this technology a suitable choice for future 3-D CMOS and BiCMOS monolithic microwave integrated circuit applications that currently suffer from high substrate loss and crosstalk.
Imaging the area at risk in myocardial infarction with cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains an enormous problem confronting society, representing a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and a prevalent cause of heart failure. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is emerging as a versatile tool to catalyze our understanding of this entity. At the
Rupture of the ventricular septum or left ventricular free wall from acute myocardial infarction early after coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract Rupture of the ventricular septum or of the left ventricular free wall from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is rare. Such was the case, however, in the 2 patients to be described below.
Code optimization for code compression

With the emergence of software delivery platforms such as Microsoft's .NET, reduced size of transmitted binaries has become a very important system parameter strongly affecting system performance. In this paper, we present two novel pre-processing steps for code compression that explore program binaries' syntax and semantics to achieve superior compression ratios. The first preprocessing step involves heuristic partitioning of a program binary into streams with high auto-correlation. The second preprocessing step uses code optimization via instruction rescheduling in order to improve prediction probabilities for a given com pression engine. We have developed three heuristics for instruction rescheduling that explore tradeoffs of the solution quality versus algorithm run-time. The pre-processing steps are integrated with the generic paradigm of prediction partial matching (PPM) which is the fundament of our compression codec. The compression algorithm is implemented for x86 binaries and tested on several large Microsoft applications. Binaries compressed using our compression codec are 18--24% smaller than those compressed using the best available off-the-shelf compressor.
CHARACTERISTICS OF POROUS CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANES FOR THE SEPARATION OF SOME INORGANIC SALTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Abstract : Experimental results are presented to illustrate the effect of operating variables on the separation and flow characteristics of porous cellulose acetate membranes. The results are discussed from the point of view of the preferential sorption and capillary flow mechanism, together with the concept of related and unrelated solution systems. It was found that under identical experimental conditions of constant molality of feed solution, feed flow rate, operating pressure and temperature, the separation and flow characteristics of the membranes are uniquely related for all solution systems containing (monovalent or bivalent) cations and anions of the same respective valency. These relations can be expressed by a system of experimentally determined characteristic curves which can then be used to predict the performance of any similar membrane. The general form of these curves representing the relative separation data for aqueous solutions containing ions of the same valency has given rise to the concept of related feed solution systems.
The effects of ice massage on delayed muscle soreness

The following hypotheses were tested in the present study: (1) cryotherapy would reduce delayed muscle soreness (DMS) in eccentrically exercised muscles; (2) early cold treatment would reduce this soreness more than later postexercise treatment times; and (3) joint range of motion (ROM) would be inversely related to the subjective soreness ratings. Subjective sensations of muscular soreness and changes in elbow joint ROM were assessed in 30 subjects at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours following eccentric-biased exercise in the elbow flexors. Cold treatments were applied immediately, 24 or 48 hours following a single exercise session. In response to the eccentric exercise, significant muscle soreness increases and elbow ROM decreases were observed in all exercised muscles from 24 to 48 hours postexercise. No differences in muscle soreness or elbow ROM changes were observed between treated and untreated arms except for one. Subjects treated at 24 hours postexercise reported greater soreness in their arms compared to untreated arms just prior to treatment (24 hour postexercise). The results do not support the efficacy of cold in reducing DMS. A negative correlation between muscle soreness and elbow ROM at 48 and 72 hours postexercise indicated that an increase in soreness was associated with a decrease in ROM.
Subclass-Specific Nuclear Localization of a Novel Cd4 Silencer Binding Factor

The control of CD4 expression is essential for proper T lymphocyte development. We have previously described a cis-acting silencer element required for repressing transcription of the CD4 gene. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a novel factor that binds to a critical functional site in the CD4 silencer. This factor, referred to as silencer-associated factor (SAF), is a member of the helix-turn-helix factor family and shares sequence similarity with the homeodomain class of transcriptional regulators. Introduction of a specific mutation into the SAF binding site in the CD4 silencer abrogates silencer activity in transgenic mice, supporting the hypothesis that SAF is important in mediating silencer function. Although SAF is expressed in all lymphocytes, immunofluorescence studies indicate that SAF is present primarily in the cytoplasm in T cells in which the endogenous silencer is nonfunctional, whereas it is present primarily in the nucleus in T cells in which the silencer is functional. We thus hypothesize that the subclass-specific subcellular compartmentalization of SAF plays an important role in mediating the specificity of function of the CD4 silencer during T cell development.
Adsorption of Brain Proteins on the Surface of Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Microspheres

AbstractPoly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres have been studied for intracerebral delivery of anticancer agents. To explore the biocompatibility nature of the polymer in brain, we have investigated the adsorption of brain proteins on the surfaces of PLGA microspheres. Microspheres were made by the solvent evaporation method using an oil/water (o/w) system. The brain protein adsorption experiment was performed by using a sonication eluting method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to examine the brain proteins adsorbed. Ethyl cellulose microspheres were used in the study as a reference. The amount of brain proteins adsorbed on PLGA microspheres was also determined using a radiolabeling technique. The extent of brain proteins adsorbed on the PLGA microspheres was found to be lower than that adsorbed on the ethyl cellulose microspheres. The adsorption of brain proteins on PLGA microspheres, however, was significant, as indicated quantitatively by the 1...
Development of hypervariable microsatellite loci for use in eastern phoebes (Sayornis phoebe) and related Tyrannids

In order to complement on-going research on reproductive strategies and dispersal in the eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), we developed five polymorphic microsatellite loci which would permit us to assign parentage to offspring and to evaluate population genetic structure. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 15; probability of exclusion, with a known maternal genotype, was 0.995. Preliminary screening revealed that primers were polymorphic in other Tyrannidae.
In vivo assessment of neurocardiovascular regulation in the mouse: principles, progress, and prospects

A growing body of evidence indicates that a number of common complex diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and obesity, are characterized by alterations in central neurocardiovascular regulation. However, our understanding of how changes within the central nervous system contribute to the development and progression of these and other diseases remains unclear. As with many areas of cardiovascular research, the mouse has emerged as a key species for investigations of neuroregulatory processes because of its amenability to highly specific genetic manipulations. In parallel with the development of increasingly sophisticated murine models has come the miniaturization and advancement in methodologies for in vivo assessment of neurocardiovascular end points in the mouse. The following brief review will focus on a number of key direct and indirect experimental approaches currently in use, including measurement of arterial blood pressure, assessment of cardiovascular autonomic control, and evaluation of arterial baroreflex function. The advantages and limitations of each methodology are highlighted to allow for a critical evaluation by the reader when considering these approaches.
Polydactyly: How many disorders and how many genes: 2010 update

Limb development is clinically and biologically important. Polydactyly is common and caused by aberrant anterior-posterior patterning. Human disorders that include polydactyly are diverse. To facilitate an understanding of the biology of limb development, cataloging the genes that are mutated in patients with polydactyly would be useful. In 2002, I characterized human phenotypes that included polydactyly. Subsequently, many advances have occurred with refinement of clinical entities and identification of numerous genes. Here, I update human polydactyly entities by phenotype and mutated gene. This survey demonstrates phenotypes with overlapping manifestations, genetic heterogeneity, and distinct phenotypes generated from mutations in single genes. Among 310 clinical entities, 80 are associated with mutations in 99 genes. These results show that knowledge of limb patterning genetics is improving rapidly. Soon, we will have a comprehensive toolkit of genes important for limb development, which will lead to regenerative therapies for limb anomalies.
Percutaneous coronary interventions for non-acute coronary artery disease: a quantitative 20-year synopsis and a network meta-analysis.

Summary Background Over the past 20 years, percutaneous transluminal balloon coronary angioplasty (PTCA), bare-metal stents (BMS), and drug-eluting stents (DES) succeeded each other as catheter-based treatments for coronary artery disease. We undertook a systematic overview of randomised trials comparing these interventions with each other and with medical therapy in patients with non-acute coronary artery disease. Methods We searched Medline for trials contrasting at least two of the four interventions (PTCA, BMS, DES, and medical therapy). Eligible outcomes were death, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, target lesion or vessel revascularisation, and any revascularisation. Random effects meta-analyses summarised head-to-head (direct) comparisons, and network meta-analyses integrated direct and indirect evidence. Findings 61 eligible trials (25 388 patients) investigated four of six possible comparisons between the four interventions; no trials directly compared DES with medical therapy or PTCA. In all direct or indirect comparisons, succeeding advancements in percutaneous coronary intervention did not produce detectable improvements in deaths or myocardial infarction. The risk ratio (RR) for indirect comparisons between DES and medical therapy was 0·96 (95% CI 0·60–1·52) for death and 1·15 (0·73–1·82) for myocardial infarction. By contrast, we recorded sequential significant reductions in target lesion or vessel revascularisation with BMS compared with PTCA (RR 0·68 [0–60·0·77]) and with DES compared with BMS (0·44 [0·35–0·56]). The RR for the indirect comparison between DES and PTCA for target lesion or vessel revascularisation was 0·30 (0·17–0·51). Interpretation Sequential innovations in the catheter-based treatment of non-acute coronary artery disease showed no evidence of an effect on death or myocardial infarction when compared with medical therapy. These results lend support to present recommendations to optimise medical therapy as an initial management strategy in patients with this disease. Funding US National Institutes of Health.
Selection of optimal cutting conditions by using the genetically optimized neural network system (GONNS)

The Genetically Optimized Neural Network System (GONNS) is proposed to select the optimal cutting conditions in micro-end-milling operations. Two Backpropagation (BP) type Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) represented the characteristics of feed and thrust direction cutting forces. Genetic algorithm found the optimal cutting conditions by evaluating the cutting force estimations of two ANNs. The GONNS is a very convenient computational tool for optimization problems when systems have complex relationship and some experimental data is available.
Multiplierless FIR filters with discrete-value sigma-delta encoded coefficients

The authors present an oversampled sigma-delta modulation based encoding scheme to reduce an FIR (finite impulse response) filter's coefficient or input signal samples to values with only a few nonzero bits, eliminating the need for multiplications. This scheme realizes a substantial reduction in sample rate and additions over previous differential digital coding schemes by replacing the direct truncation within a sigma-delta modulator with a more sophisticated quantizing procedure which truncates to the next nearest canonic signed-digit code (number representable as sum of difference of a few powers-of-two). Computer simulations are used to demonstrate and verify the expected performance of this scheme, and comparisons are made with previously reported results. The proposed scheme offered a 64-times improvement in the sample rate required to implement the filter without increasing the hardware complexity. >
FRAMEWORK AND TOOL FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT OF STREAM SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HYDROMODIFICATION

Changes in streamflow and sediment loading associated with urban development have the potential to exacerbate channel erosion, and result in impacts to wetland, riparian, and stream habitats, as well as infra- structure and property losses. The typical ''one-size-fits-all'' management prescription of flow control with reten- tion or detention basins has not been wholly effective, pointing to a need for improved management strategies and tools for mitigating the impacts of ''hydromodification.'' We present an approach for developing screening- level tools for assessing channel susceptibility to hydromodification, and describe a novel tool for rapid, field- based assessments of the relative susceptibility of stream segments. The tool is based on the results of extensive field surveys, which indicate that susceptibility is the driver of channel response, not the magnitude of urbaniza- tion. A combination of relatively simple, but quantitative, field indicators are used as input parameters for a set of decision trees that follow a logical progression in assigning categorical susceptibility ratings to the channel segment being assessed. The susceptibility rating informs the level of data collection, modeling, and ultimate mitigation efforts that can be expected for a particular stream segment type. The screening approach represents a critical first step toward tailoring hydromodification management strategies and mitigation measures to differ- ent stream types and geomorphic settings. (KEY TERMS: fluvial geomorphology; urbanization; stormwater; channel evolution; channel instability; risk; adaptive management.)
Liberalism, Civic Humanism, and the American Political Tradition: Understanding Genesis

Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s. By Joyce Appleby. (New York: New York University Press, 1984. Pp. x, 110.) From Colonies to Commonwealth: Familial Ideology and the Beginnings of the American Republic. By Melvin Yazawa. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. Pp. ix, 262.) Witnesses at the Creation: Hamilton, Madison, Jay, and the Constitution. By Richard B. Morris. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985. Pp. 279.) The Political Theory of The Federalist. By David F. Epstein. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. Pp. ix, 234.) The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of Liberalism. By John Patrick Diggins. (New York: Basic Books, 1984. Pp. xiii, 409.) Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution. By Forrest McDonald. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1985. Pp. xiii, 359.)
Gabriel: a design environment for DSP

Gabriel is a software system intended to manage the complete development of real-time digital signal processing (DSP) applications, from conception and experimentation to implementation in real-time hardware. It performs non-real-time simulations as well as code synthesis for real-time hardware. It is intended to ease code development for architectures that are not easy targets for conventional compilers, such as multiprocessor systems built with very high-performance microcoded DSPs. The system is designed to be retargetable in two ways. First, it can synthesize code for a variety of multi-DSP architectures where the user specifies the salient features of the architecture. Second, it can target different DSPs. The authors have concentrated on code generation for the Motorola DSP56001, although code generation for the AT&T DSP32 has been demonstrated. At the highest level, an algorithm is described using a hierarchical block diagram. At the lowest level, the user can either simulate the algorithm locally on the workstation, simulate the target architecture running the generated code, or download the code into hardware and run it in real time. Gabriel is capable of handling multiple sample rates, iteration, and recurrences. >
Case 73: A Strange Capnogram

You are an attending anesthesiologist in a large university hospital covering two operating rooms. In both rooms, you are working with very keen and enthusiastic residents. In one room is a 10-year-old female (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I [ASA 1] and 28 kg) who is given a routine general anesthetic (propofol and fentanyl) for an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the right ankle. She last ate 6 h ago. A ProSeal laryngeal airway (PLMA) (LMA Company Ltd. Mahe, Seychelles) (size 2.5) is placed without any problems. Vecuronium (4 mg) is given and mechanical ventilation is started. Two liters of FGF (fresh gas flow) (oxygen 50 %, nitrous oxide 50 % and isoflurane 0.6 %) is delivered and the peak pressure is 15 cm H2O. Bilateral air entry, chest movement, and a normal capnograph waveform are seen (Fig. 73.1). The vital signs are stable.
Study on shock wave-vortex ring interaction by the MVG controlled ramp flow with turbulence inlet from dns

In this study, we investigate the interaction between vortex rings and the oblique shocks by the MVG controlled ramp flow at M=2.5 and Reθ=5760. A kind of large eddy simulation method is used by solving the unfiltered form of the Navier-Stokes equations with the 5th order Bandwidth-optimized WENO scheme. A series of turbulent profiles are obtained from previous DNS simulation result. It shows that the ring structure does not break down and keeps it topology after penetrating the strong shock wave and the oblique shocks is influenced a lot by the induced flow field from rings. The bump of the 3D shock wave surface is discovered and its mechanism is explained.
Gastric protection by misoprostol against 1300 mg of aspirin. An endoscopic study.

Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog is being evaluated in the treatment of peptic ulcer. It has been reported to have both antisecretory and cytoprotective properties. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind study, pretreatment with 200-μg doses of misoprostol was evaluated in the prevention of gastric injury caused by aspirin. Five oral doses of misoprostol or placebo were administered over 24 hr followed by a single oral 1296-mg dose of aspirin 30 min after the fifth dose of test agent. Two hours later the gastric mucosa was examined with a small-caliber fiberendoscope. Protection was defined as no more than 10 petechiae and no more than two hemorrhagic streaks in the gastric mucosa. Twenty of 30 (67%) subjects who received misoprostol was protected, whereas only one of 30 (3%) subjects receiving placebo was protected. The difference between the effects of misoprostol and placebo was highly significant (P<0.001). We concluded that five 200-μg doses of misoprostol given over 24 hr protects the gastric mucosa from the injurious effect of a single dose of aspirin.
Primers to amplify SNP markers in Epichloë canadensis (Clavicipitaceae)

Premise of the study: Primers were designed to produce short amplicons containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in β-tubulin (tubB) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tefA) in Epichloe canadensis (Clavicipitaceae), an endophytic fungus of Elymus canadensis (Poaceae). Methods and Results: Primers to amplify regions of tubB and tefA containing suspected SNPs were designed and tested on individuals from six populations. Two tubB alleles were identified that differed by a single SNP, and three tefA alleles were identified that differed by a combination of two SNPs. All six populations tested were polymorphic for the tefA marker, and three of the populations were also polymorphic for the tubB marker. These primers are also predicted to amplify these regions in 11 additional epichloid species. Conclusions: Primers for short amplicons within tubB and tefA genes can be used to successfully genotype E. canadensis, making them useful markers for population genetic or landscape genomic studies.
Enfoque de capacidades y sostenibilidad. Aportaciones de Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum

La naturaleza interdisciplinar del “enfoque de las capacidades” (ca, por sus siglas en ingles) ha hecho que su estudio se encuentre diseminado en un amplio espectro de revistas. Asi el case ha asentado en las areas de la filosofia politica o la economia del desarrollo, y ha ampliado su alcance al ser utilizado como marco teorico para la creacion de indicadores sobre la privacion, la calidad de vida o la salud, o bien para abordar las cuestiones de la educacion superior o el impacto de la tecnologia en la vida de las personas. Se ofrece una vision general sobre los principales conceptos empleados en ese enfoque, buscando distinguir las propuestas de A. Sen y M. Nussbaum, con el fin de analizar la idea de sostenibilidad y su incorporacion en la agenda del enfoque.
Analysis on the gene data of bacillary dysentery bacilli in Hubei Province

Objective To detect the genotypes of bacillary dysentery in Hubei Province(bacillary dysentery),so as to provide evidence for the control of bacillary dysentery.Methods Dysentery bacilli bacteria were detected in the field,the number of dysentery bacilli bacteria detected was 37,pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis was applied for the analysis of genotype.Results In the past 10 years the average annual incidence of bacillary dysentery was 40.89 per 100,000 in Hubei Province.There were 3 Shigella Sonnei DNA genotypes among the 8 strains of Shigella Sonnei in the southwest and the northwest of Hubei,the genotypes were similar.Shigella Sonnei DNA genotypes from the Jianghan Plain and the northeast of Hubei and other regions were similar.The result of the 29 strains was Shigella Fushi,Shigella Fushi DNA genotypes from the southwest and the northwest of Hubei and the Jianghan Plain,and were similar.Shigella Fushi DNA genotypes from the southwest and the northwest of Hubei and the Jianghan Plain were similar.The distribution of genotypes was relatively complicated.Conclusions The detection of bacillary dysentery DNA genotypes could trace back to the origin of infection.The Shigella Sonnei DNA genotypes were complicated,there were differences between genotypes and serotypes,the detection of Shigella Sonnei DNA genotypes should be the priority in disease surveillance.
Effect of Modulator Modulation Coefficient on Measuring Accuracy of Fiber Optic Current Sensor

The operation principle of the fiber optic current sensor with an integrated optic modulator is dealt with.The effect of modulation coefficient variation of the integrated optic modulator with temperature on the measuring accuracy is analyzed,and the scale factor errors are simulated.Based on the four-state square wave modulation,a feedback control method of compensating for the modulation channel gain variation resulting from the modulation coefficient is proposed,which effectively reduces the scale factor errors arising from modulator coefficient changes.The effectiveness of the method is shown by the consistency of experimental results with theoretical analysis.Moreover,this feedback control method can reduce the effect of long-term changes with time on the measuring accuracy.
Study on Portforio Investment Model

A stock investment is an investment behavior of high risk. The income, risk is considerated synthesizely in portforio investment. A model of portforio by objective programming method is established .The model can be solved easily and has powerful practicalities.
Driver Gaze Estimation Without Using Eye Movement

Abstract—Automated estimation of the allocation of adriver’s visual attention may be a critical component offuture Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. In theory,vision-based tracking of the eye can provide a good estimateof gaze location. In practice, eye tracking from videois challenging because of sunglasses, eyeglass reﬂections,lighting conditions, occlusions, motion blur, and otherfactors. Estimation of head pose, on the other hand, isrobust to many of these effects, but cannot provide as ﬁne-grained of a resolution in localizing the gaze. However,for the purpose of keeping the driver safe, it is sufﬁcientto partition gaze into regions. In this effort, we proposea system that extracts facial features and classiﬁes theirspatial conﬁguration into six regions in real-time. Ourproposed method achieves an average accuracy of 91.4%at an average decision rate of 11 Hz on a dataset of 50drivers from an on-road study.Index Terms—Head pose estimation, gaze tracking, driverdistraction, driver assistance systems, on-road study.
The doctor and the aged patient.

The quality of the doctor-patient relationship is especially critical in caring for geriatric patients, with their frequently multiple problems. How can a sound relationship be built? The key is comprehensiveness of evaluation.
Age-dating methodology for 137 Cs ceramic sources

Age-dating of 137Cs ceramic sources is shown to be a viable technology for nuclear forensics investigations. The 137Cs age-dating method in general, however, could be substantially improved by using radiometric rather than ICP-MS measurement of the 137Cs isotope and by refining the Cs/Ba separation process. With these improvements, uncertainty in the age of a 60-year-old source decreases from 1.35 to 0.68 y.
MMSE estimation in a sensor network in the presence of an adversary

Estimation in a two node sensor network is considered, with one sensor of high quality but potentially affected by an adversary and one sensor of low quality but immune to the actions of the adversary. The observations of the sensors are combined at a fusion center to produce a minimum mean square error (MSE) estimate taking into account the actions of the adversary. An approach based on hypothesis testing is introduced to decide whether the high quality sensor should be used. The false alarm probability of the hypothesis test introduces a natural trade-off between the MSE performance when the adversary takes no action and when the adversary acts. Finally, a method is developed to select the false alarm probability robustly to ensure good performance regardless of the adversary's action.
A Nearshore Model for Cleveland CSO Remediation Design Selection

Three models were combined to analyze the fate of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) in the Cleveland, Ohio area. Firstly, a 20 year hindcast of Lake Erie was used to find design storms by calculating the state of the receiving water. This study was done as part of the Great Lakes Forecasting System. Secondly, a nearshore model was developed to calculate the local flow fields in the Cleveland area. Lastly, the storm runoff was calculated using a series of models that describe the complex storm water runoff and combined sewer flow in the Cleveland area. These models include sewer models and receiving stream models. Eleven inflow sites from the local Cleveland area were included as sources of storm water discharges to Lake Erie. The nearshore model acted as the link between the land based models for inflows and the Lake Erie model. The nearshore model was driven by the lake model and was used to transport the inflows provided by the land based models. A series of experiments was designed to simulate various containment and treatment scenarios. The nearshore model calculated fecal coliform concentrations for three public beaches in the test area. The resulting concentration maps serve as a guideline for Cleveland CSO remediation design selection.
"Entrepreneurial Activity, Income Inequality & National Business Systems:A Configurational Analysis"

This paper explores the relationship between entrepreneurial activity and income inequality across 40 developed and developing countries. Unlike previous research I explore this relationship as one...
The Mean Is Not Enough: Using Quantile Regression to Examine Trends in Asian-White Differences Across the Entire Achievement Distribution

BackgroundIn recent years, Asian Americans have been consistently described as a model minority. The high levels of educational achievement and educational attainment are the main determinants for ...
A Review of ACD-STEMM Integration: Part 1: A Taxonomy of Integrated Bridges

This is Part 1 of a three-part analysis of studies concerning useful ways in which visual, plastic, musical, and performing arts, crafts, and design (referred to for simplicity as Arts-Crafts-Design or ACD) may improve learning of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM) and increase professional success in these subjects. We address: 1) what are the ways in which ACD and STEMM can interact fruitfully; 2) which of these have been explored using well-devised studies and what do these tell us about efficacy; 3) where are the gaps (and therefore the opportunities) that can readily be addressed by new studies; and 4) what kinds of methods can be used to generate reliable data. Part 1 summarizes studies demonstrating that ACD are valuable to STEMM professionals, providing a taxonomy of eight connecting “bridges” that STEMM professionals say they employ to connect arts and science into “integrated networks of enterprise.” We demonstrate that STEMM professionals utilizing these bridges ...
Economic Discussion of Conflict between Public Education Policies and Common Good Arts in the United States

Arts education in the United States, especially in public schools, has been neglected and its public funding has decreased. This is partly due to the difference in the conception of public educatio...
Saint Michael the Archangel in Medieval English Legend

The cult and legends of St Michael the archangel were widespread in medieval England, and this book - the first full-length study of the subject - offers a comprehensive examination of their genesis and diffusion. Part I identifies and analyses the concerns, conflicts, and roles with which St Michael is associated, from scriptural and apocryphal literature through to the homiletic literature of the medieval period. Part II begins with a discussion of the vernacular recensions of the popular account of the archangel's earthly interventions, and goes on to survey the legendary accounts in Old English, Anglo-Norman, and Middle English of the archangel and his roles as guardian, intercessor, psychopomp, and warrior-angel follows. The Appendices contain the first English translation of the archangel's hagiographic foundation-myth; an annotated bibliographical list and motif index of textual materials relating to the archangel; and an essay on the iconographic representations of the archangel in medieval England. RICHARD F. JOHNSON is Assistant Professor of English at William Rainey Harper College.
PROW: a step toward automatic program writing

This paper Describes a program, called "PROW", which writes programs PROW accepts the specification of the program in the language of predicate calculus, decides the algorithm for the program and then produces a LISP program which is an implementation of the algorithm. Since the construction of the algorithm is obtained by formal theorem-proving techniques, the programs that PROW writes are free from logical errors and do not have to be debugged The user of PROW can make PROW write programs in languages other than LISP by modifying the part of PROW that translates an algorithm to a LISP program. Thus PROW can be modified to write programs in any language In the end of this paper, it is shown that PROW can also be used as a question-answering program
Notes on Use of the Odds Ratio under the Sequential Parallel Comparison Design with Binary Outcomes

When the patient response is dichotomous, the effects due to a treatment and other covariates are often not additive. Thus, the risk difference (RD) may vary between phases in the sequential parall...
Unique Molecular Identifiers reveal a novel sequencing artefact with implications for RNA-Seq based gene expression analysis

Attaching Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMI) to RNA molecules in the first step of sequencing library preparation establishes a distinct identity for each input molecule. This makes it possible to eliminate the effects of PCR amplification bias, which is particularly important where many PCR cycles are required, for example, in single cell studies. After PCR, molecules sharing a UMI are assumed to be derived from the same input molecule. In our single cell RNA-Seq studies of Physcomitrella patens, we discovered that reads sharing a UMI, and therefore presumed to be derived from the same mRNA molecule, frequently map to different, but closely spaced locations. This behaviour occurs in all such libraries that we have produced, and in multiple other UMI-containing RNA-Seq data sets in the public domain. This apparent paradox, that reads of identical origin map to distinct genomic coordinates may be partially explained by PCR stutter, which is often seen in low-entropy templates and those containing simple tandem repeats. In the absence of UMI this artefact is undetectable. We show that the common assumption that sequence reads having different mapping coordinates are derived from different starting molecules does not hold. Unless taken into account, this artefact is likely to result in over-estimation of certain transcript abundances, depending on the counting method employed.
The Physical and Emotional Toll of Identity Theft Victimization: A Situational and Demographic Analysis of the National Crime Victimization Survey

The present study investigates the physical and emotional consequences of suffering an identity-related criminal victimization. In addition to reporting the extent and nature of these consequences,...
Use and 1-year outcomes with conventional and drug-coated balloon angioplasty in patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease.

Abstract Background With the growing use of drug-coated balloons for the treatment of peripheral artery disease, information regarding the safety and effectiveness of drug-coated balloons in current practice is needed. We examined patient, physician, and procedural characteristics as well as cardiovascular and limb events in patients who underwent peripheral vascular intervention with drug-coated balloons. Methods This is a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing Medicare data for 100% of fee-for-service beneficiaries from 2015 to 2016 who had a claim for femoropopliteal intervention. The use of drug-coated balloons was identified via specific transitional pass-through codes. All-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, repeat femoropopliteal intervention, and major lower extremity amputation at 1 year were the clinical outcomes of interest. Results In total, 83,225 patients underwent femoropopliteal intervention, and drug-coated balloons were utilized in 29% of all procedures. Patients treated with drug-coated balloons had a lower cumulative incidence of all-cause hospitalization, all-cause mortality, and major lower extremity amputation, but were more likely to undergo repeat femoropopliteal intervention when compared with patients treated with conventional balloon angioplasty. After adjustment for measured confounders, patients treated with drug-coated balloons had lower rates of hospitalization (HR 0.91 (0.88, 0.93), P Conclusions Patients who underwent femoropopliteal intervention with drug-coated balloons had lower observed rates of all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and major amputation at 1 year. Interestingly, there was not a reduction in rates of repeat revascularization, and further work is required to understand this finding. Nevertheless, the use of drug-coated balloons appears to be safe in this large study of contemporary patients in the United States.
Rectus Abdominis Pedicled Flap: An Innovative Robotic Approach

Video Objective To provide education on the utility of rectus muscle flap during pelvic floor reconstruction and describe in detail a minimally invasive technique to avoid laparotomy. Setting Patients requiring pelvic floor reconstruction at an academic medical center. Interventions The rectus abdominis muscle flap can be used as a workhorse flap for pelvic reconstruction, providing a large volume of well vascularized soft tissue that can be used in treatment of complex pelvic floor reconstruction, including genital fistulas, post-radiation pelvic exenteration and abdominoperineal resection defects. Intraperitoneal harvest of the rectus muscle using a robotic approach allows avoidance of laparotomy and subsequent disruption of the anterior rectus sheath, thus preserving the integrity of the abdominal wall. This educational video demonstrates robotic docking as well as surgical techniques in detail to show the feasibility for robotic-assisted rectus flap harvest and pelvic floor reconstruction. Conclusion Robotic-assisted rectus abdominis flap harvest for pelvic floor reconstruction is a reliable means of defect closure. This novel approach is surgically feasible for the reconstructive surgeon and maintenance of minimally invasive technique allows for significant advantages over the traditional laparotomy approach.
Multifunctional Graphene-Based Additives for Enhanced Combustion of Cracked Hydrocarbon Fuels under Supercritical Conditions

As a particulate fuel additive, functionalized graphene sheets (FGS), with and without the decoration of nanoparticles, provide a means to form stable colloids with liquid hydrocarbons, act as in s...
What Do Mothers Experiencing Poverty Need to Support Their Young Children? Parent, School, and Policy Perspectives

Parents experiencing poverty are rarely consulted about their needs when it comes to supporting the development, well-being, and education of their young children. Furthermore, they are often overlooked as experts on their own needs by actors in positions of power and excluded from spaces and processes that aim to create resources, programs, and policies to support families of young children. Using an ecological systems framework (Bronfenbrenner in: The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1979), we conducted a qualitative interview study of mothers’ needs in a school community in Central Texas as perceived by multiple community members, including mothers themselves, teachers, school administrators, district leaders, and policymakers (n = 14). The findings show that the three mothers felt they needed more money, time, opportunities for self-care, and validation to support their young children in the ways they would like to. Actors in positions of power (teachers, school administrators, district leaders, and policymakers) however, primarily discussed mothers’ needs for education, training, and models of parenting. To a lesser extent, actors in positions of power also discussed needs that partially reflected those expressed by mothers, including a need for higher wages and more money, childcare to free up time, and emotional support or social capital to provide validation of mothers’ parenting. We discuss the importance of understanding mothers’ needs as they are expressed by mothers themselves, the danger of framing support for parents experiencing poverty using a banking model of education (Freire in: Pedagogy of the oppressed: 30th anniversary edition. Continuum, New York, 2000), and areas of alignment from which we can build towards dialogic understanding and collaboration.
Ecofriendly production of bioactive tissue engineering scaffolds derived from egg- and sea-shells

Abstract Managing the vast amounts of eggshell and sea-shell waste that is produced globally each year is becoming very problematic as this material is simply disposed of in landfills. This waste results in odor production and microbial growth directly leading to environmental stresses. Transforming this waste into valuable biomaterials pose significant environmental and economic advantages as discarded waste have materials that can be utilized. The objective of this work was to develop inexpensive, bioactive hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications by using an eco-friendly and sustainable approach. Engineering nano hydroxyapatite (EnHA) was derived from chicken eggshell and clam sea-shell waste by using an energy efficient microwave assisted wet chemical precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the biomaterials. Results show that the particles are highly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) with acicular shapes and within nanometer size ranges. The chemical compositions match exactly that of naturally occurring HA. The EnHA infused polymer scaffolds were fabricated using slurry-based solution 3D printing techniques. The slurry solutions composed of 70 wt% EnHA and 30 wt% Polycarpolactone (PCL). The XRD, SEM, EDS, and in vitro cell studies were conducted to determine the ability of the scaffolds to support cell adhesion and maintain viability. The scaffolds supported cellular attachment and maintenance when observed over a period of several days, suggesting their potential for future tissue regeneration research and applications.