cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinomic profiling of glioblastoma cells reveals PLCG1 as a target in restricted glucose

For glioblastoma (GBM) treatments to be effective in vivo, understanding the effects of the tumor microenvironment is imperative. In traditional cell culture conditions, glucose concentrations do not model physiologic levels, nor the diminished concentrations found in tumor niches. We therefore sought to profile the differences in kinase activity in GBM cells cultured in restricted glucose to identify pathways that could be targeted with small molecule inhibitors. Using the PamStation12 platform, we examined the ability of GBM lysates from cells cultured in standard or low glucose conditions to phosphorylate 144 tyrosine and 144 serine/threonine peptides that correspond to known protein phosphorylation sites. Potential kinase targets were identified and validated using small molecule kinase inhibitors in GBM spheroid cultures. Using results from two GBM patient-derived xenografts, we determined common changes to peptides derived from Phospholipase C, Gamma 1 (PLCG1) and Raf-1. Using PLC and Raf inhibitors, we found a significantly stronger growth inhibitory effect of the PLC inhibitor U73122 under restricted glucose conditions. In contrast, Raf inhibitors were significantly growth inhibitory regardless of the nutrient level tested. Together, our data demonstrate that kinase activity is altered in low glucose conditions and that kinomic profiling can assist with the identification of effective strategies to target GBM growth. Our data further suggest the importance of accurately modeling the tumor microenvironment to reproduce cancer cell signaling and develop drug screens for anti-cancer agents.
The Primary Photochemical Reaction of Photosystem II

The initial report by KNAFF & ARNON (1969) that cyt b559 was photooxidized by PS II at liquid nitrogen temperature and that a new component, C-550, was photoreduced by PS II, also at low temperature, were confirmed in two other laboratories (ERIXON & BUTLER 1971b, BOARDMAN et al 1971). In the present paper we will summarize some of the additional work carried out in our laboratory on these two PS II mediated photoreactions at liquid nitrogen temperature. Most of the data presented here will appear in separate publications with greater detail as to experimental methods.
Lon Protease Has Multifaceted Biological Functions in Acinetobacter baumannii.

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is known to survive harsh environmental conditions and is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Specifically, multicellular communities (known as biofilms) of A. baumannii can withstand desiccation and survive on hospital surfaces and equipment. Biofilms are bacteria embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix composed of proteins, sugars, and/or DNA. Bacteria in a biofilm are protected from environmental stresses, including antibiotics, which provides the bacteria with selective advantage for survival. Although some gene products are known to play roles in this developmental process in A. baumannii, mechanisms and signaling remain mostly unknown. Here, we find that Lon protease in A. baumannii affects biofilm development and has other important physiological roles, including motility and the cell envelope. Lon proteases are found in all domains of life, participating in regulatory processes and maintaining cellular homeostasis. These data reveal the importance of Lon protease in influencing key A. baumannii processes to survive stress and to maintain viability. IMPORTANCEAcinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen and is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. A. baumannii is difficult to eradicate and to manage, because this bacterium is known to robustly survive desiccation and to quickly gain antibiotic resistance. We sought to investigate biofilm formation in A. baumannii, since much remains unknown about biofilm formation in this bacterium. Biofilms, which are multicellular communities of bacteria, are surface attached and difficult to eliminate from hospital equipment and implanted devices. Our research identifies multifaceted physiological roles for the conserved bacterial protease Lon in A. baumannii. These roles include biofilm formation, motility, and viability. This work broadly affects and expands understanding of the biology of A. baumannii, which will permit us to find effective ways to eliminate the bacterium.
Tracking Children's Print-Processing Skill across Grades 1-3: Implications for Reading Assessment and Instruction.

Grounded in the simple view of reading, this study tracked the development of print-processing skill in high-, average-, and low-achieving readers at six time points across grades 1–3. Results show...
The electrophoretic characteristics of streptococci

It is possible to produce changes in the cataphoretic distribution of streptococci by means of a high frequency electric field. Successive increments of exposure to high frequency energy produce cyclic or periodic changes in the cataphoretic distributions of the treated suspensions of streptococci. The changes produced in the cataphoretic distributions of streptococci exposed to a high frequency field are maintained in the subcultures of these organisms.
Exploiting class hierarchies for knowledge transfer in hyperspectral data

Obtaining ground truth for hyperspectral data is an expensive task. In addition, a number of factors cause the spectral signatures of the same class to vary with location and/or time. Therefore, adapting a classifier designed from available labeled data to classify new hyperspectral images is difficult, but invaluable to the remote sensing community. In this paper, we use the Binary Hierarchical Classifier to propose a knowledge transfer framework that leverages the information gathered from existing labeled data to classify the data obtained from a spatially separate test area. Experimental results show that in the absence of any labeled data in the new area, our approach is better than a direct application of the old classifier on the new data. Moreover, when small amounts of labeled data are available from the new area, our framework offers further improvements through semi-supervised learning mechanisms.
Adaptive Behavior and Learning: How Cognitive Processing and Social Interaction Might Affect Allospecific Vocal Learning in Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus)

“Parrot” generally refers to certain hookbill birds, but the term has a second equally well-known connotation. “Parrot” is synonymous with facile, mindless mimicry — a consequence of numerous anecdotal reports in the popular press (e.g., Amsler 1947; Hensley 1980). In captivity, parrots reproduce everything from the sound of water gurgling down a drain to the human voice, yet we actually know little about their patterns of vocal mimicry and whether cognitive processes might be involved in mimetic behavior.
Analysis of postprocessing steps for residue function dependent dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI biomarkers and their clinical impact on glioma grading for both 1.5 and 3T.

Background Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI analysis pipelines differ across studies and sites, potentially confounding the clinical value and use of the derived biomarkers. Purpose/hypothesis To investigate how postprocessing steps for computation of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and residue function dependent parameters (cerebral blood flow [CBF], mean transit time [MTT], capillary transit heterogeneity [CTH]) impact glioma grading. Study type Retrospective study from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). Population Forty-nine subjects with low- and high-grade gliomas. Field strength/sequence 1.5 and 3.0T clinical systems using a single-echo echo planar imaging (EPI) acquisition. Assessment Manual regions of interest (ROIs) were provided by TCIA and automatically segmented ROIs were generated by k-means clustering. CBV was calculated based on conventional equations. Residue function dependent biomarkers (CBF, MTT, CTH) were found by two deconvolution methods: circular discretization followed by a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-adapted eigenvalue thresholding (Method 1) and Volterra discretization with L-curve-based Tikhonov regularization (Method 2). Statistical tests Analysis of variance, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and logistic regression tests. Results MTT alone was unable to statistically differentiate glioma grade (P > 0.139). When normalized, tumor CBF, CTH, and CBV did not differ across field strengths (P > 0.141). Biomarkers normalized to automatically segmented regions performed equally (rCTH AUROC is 0.73 compared with 0.74) or better (rCBF AUROC increases from 0.74-0.84; rCBV AUROC increases 0.78-0.86) than manually drawn ROIs. By updating the current deconvolution steps (Method 2), rCTH can act as a classifier for glioma grade (P 0.577). Lastly, higher-order biomarkers (eg, rCBF and rCTH) along with rCBV increases AUROC to 0.92 for differentiating tumor grade as compared with 0.78 and 0.86 (manual and automatic reference regions, respectively) for rCBV alone. Data conclusion With optimized analysis pipelines, higher-order perfusion biomarkers (rCBF and rCTH) improve glioma grading as compared with CBV alone. Additionally, postprocessing steps impact thresholds needed for glioma grading. Level of evidence 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:547-553.
Biomechanical analysis of the osseointegration of porous tantalum implants.

Abstract Statement of problem Although implants containing porous tantalum undergo osseointegration, whether this material significantly alters new bone formation and improves implant stability during healing in comparison to titanium is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this in vivo study was to determine the influence of the inclusion of porous tantalum into a dental implant on the biomechanical properties of the bone-implant interface and peri-implant bone which may contribute to secondary implant stability. Material and methods Threaded titanium implants with a porous tantalum midsection (Trabecular Metal Dental Implant; Zimmer Biomet) or without (Tapered Screw-Vent; Zimmer Biomet) were placed in rabbit tibiae and allowed to heal for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. The implants were evaluated by resonance frequency analysis and removed with surrounding bone for nanoindentation testing. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the impact of implant type, bone region, and time on the outcomes implant stability quotient (ISQ), hardness, and elastic modulus (α=.05). Results Resonance frequency analysis found no significant difference in ISQ values between implant types at 4, 8, or 12 weeks, and ISQ values did not increase for either implant over time. Nanoindentation showed no significant differences in hardness or elastic modulus in newly formed bone adjacent to either implant type at any time point. Conclusions The stiffness of the bone-implant interface was similar for threaded titanium implants with or without porous tantalum when placed in the rabbit tibia and allowed to heal for at least 4 weeks. The new peri-implant bone adjacent to dental implants containing porous tantalum showed no difference in nanomechanical properties to the new bone around implants comprised completely of threaded titanium at all healing time points.
Jessner’s Peel for Extra-Facial Areas

This chapter reviews the use of Jessner’s peel for the treatment of medical and cosmetic dermatologic conditions. Jessner’s peel is a practical and versatile peel that can be utilized by most any provider and most any skin-type patient. Included in this discussion are the materials and techniques required in the clinical setting to successfully apply this peel. Beyond the practical application, we review the multiple indications as well as the potential contraindications and side effects that each provider and patient should be aware of prior to use. After reading this section, providers should gain knowledge and confidence to utilize this peel alone or in combination to treat a diverse group of patients.
Silicon carbide zipper photonic crystal optomechanical cavities.

We demonstrate a silicon carbide (SiC) zipper photonic crystal optomechanical cavity. The device is on a 3C–SiC-on-silicon platform and has a compact footprint of ∼30 × 1 μm. The device shows an optical quality of 2800 at telecom and a mechanical quality of 9700 at 12 MHz with an effective mass of ∼3.76 pg. The optical mode and mechanical mode exhibit strong nonlinear interaction, namely, the quadratic spring effect, with a nonlinear spring constant of 3.3 × 104 MHz2/nm. The SiC zipper cavity is potentially useful in sensing and metrology in harsh environments.
The Unintended Consequences of a Four-Day School Week on House Prices: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Colorado

Faced with decreasing funds, increasing costs, and the inability to recruit and retain quality teachers, a growing number of school districts across the United States are switching to four-day school weeks. Because the four-day school week has historically been relegated to rural communities, no study has investigated how homeowners value the policy using market-based measures. Using housing transaction data from the first school district in a major metropolitan area to convert to a four-day school week, we examine homeowners' valuation of the policy change. We find that house prices decreased 2 to 5 percent relative to surrounding school districts soon after the policy was announced.
AIS Assisted Sentinel-1 SLC Image Ship Detection, Motion and Displacement Estimation

In the paper an algorithm for complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship images, automatic identification system (AIS) assisted detection and motion estimation is proposed. Displacement of the moving target on the SAR image is calculated by formula and compared with that measured from AIS data or ship wake.
Optical Beam Steering using an NxN Phased Array with 2N Phase Shifters

A novel NxN optical phased array (OPA) with 2N phase shifters is proposed that significantly reduces power consumption and enables OPAs with compact element spacing. 2-D beam steering with an 8×8 OPA using the proposed scheme is demonstrated.
Use of Response Process Data to Inform Group Comparisons and Fairness Research.

Comparing group is one of the key uses of large-scale assessment results, which are used to gain insights to inform policy and practice and to examine the comparability of scores and score meaning....
Building American Supermen? Bernarr MacFadden, Benito Mussolini and American fascism in the 1930s

In 1931, Bernarr MacFadden, America’s self-proclaimed prophet of physical culture joined forces with Italian dictator Bennito Mussolini in an attempt to train a new generation of Italian soldiers. ...
Worry at work: How organizational culture promotes anxiety

Abstract Organizational culture profoundly influences how employees think and behave. Established research suggests that the content, intensity, consensus, and fit of cultural norms act as a social control system for attitudes and behavior. We adopt the norms model of organizational culture to elucidate whether organizational culture can influence how employees experience emotions. We focus on a pervasive emotion, anxiety. We propose four important pathways that link organizational culture with anxiety. First, we propose that when norm content is result-oriented, employees must strive for challenging goals with specific targets under time pressure, and are more likely to experience anxiety. Second, when norm intensity is weak, employees do not internalize norms and they engage in deviant behaviors that increase uncertainty and promote anxiety. Third, a lack of consensus about norms commonly creates conflict between factions within an organization and increases anxiety. Fourth, when there is a mismatch between employees’ values and organizational norms and values, the misfit engenders anxiety. Taken together, different features of organizational cultural norms can independently and multiplicatively influence the magnitude of anxiety, which has constructive or destructive effects on performance.
Consumers' perception and consumption of sunflower oil in Kumasi, Ghana

Consumption pattern among indigenous groups is usually influenced by consumers' sociocultural and perceptual factors. This study employs the binary logit model to analyse the factors that influence the consumption of sunflower oil in Kumasi, Ghana. A cross-sectional approach was used to obtain data from 200 consumers who were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The results showed that a majority (93%) of the respondents were aware of the availability of sunflower oil on the local market and a third (69.5%) had used it for cooking before. The respondents agreed with the perception statements that sunflower oil is healthy, expensive, reduces the risk of heart diseases and cancer and has better frying performance. The empirical results of the logit regression model showed that consumption of sunflower oil is influenced by household size, awareness of the product and perceptions on health benefits, price and frying performance of sun ower oil. The price of the oil was identified as the most important constraint to its use albeit it had no negative effect on its consumption. Investments in the production and promotional strategies on the use of sunflower oil should consider the significant variables that have influence on its consumption.
Wireless wearable sensor paired with machine learning for the quantification of tissue oxygenation

The accurate knowledge of tissue oxygenation can be decisive for diagnostic applications in burns, limb injuries and surgical interventions. Medical devices created for oxygenation measurements require extensive research and complex electronic, optical and/or chemical techniques that typically result in non-mobile and expensive equipment. We have designed a wireless prototype which can detect changes in tissue oxygenation (pO2) making use of simple off-the-shelf electronic components and 3D printing by measuring the phosphorescence intensity of an oxygen-sensing phosphor. The quantification of pO2 was initially carried out by a phenomenological algorithm composed of a color-compensation matrix, a modified Stern-Volmer relation adding temperature dependence and an explicit photobleaching term. We improved the accuracy of measurement by employing a machine learning approach, which yields readings that are independent of changes in temperature and photobleaching, can be implemented into our data logging software, and potentially into the device’s firmware.
NASA's GeneLab Phase II: Federated Search and Data Discovery

GeneLab is currently being developed by NASA to accelerate 'open science' biomedical research in support of the human exploration of space and the improvement of life on earth. Phase I of the four-phase GeneLab Data Systems (GLDS) project emphasized capabilities for submission, curation, search, and retrieval of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics ('omics') data from biomedical research of space environments. The focus of development of the GLDS for Phase II has been federated data search for and retrieval of these kinds of data across other open-access systems, so that users are able to conduct biological meta-investigations using data from a variety of sources. Such meta-investigations are key to corroborating findings from many kinds of assays and translating them into systems biology knowledge and, eventually, therapeutics.
The habit of finger-licking: getting a solution out of the pandemic

The habit of finger-licking is an insanitary habit observed everywhere including hospital wards and other medical facilities, among providers and other staff members. It is an enduring habit that has been present before and during the pandemic and will continue unless serious notice of it is taken. Herein, we illustrate the risks imposed by this everyday habit on individuals practicing it and on surrounding people, we describe the challenges with prior attempts to defeat this habit, and we explain how the face mask can eliminate this ever-lasting habit.
Clinical utility of subclassifying positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy

Objective To determine whether subclassification of positive surgical margins (PSMs) increases predictive ability for biochemical recurrence (BCR) and aids clinical decision-making in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Patients and methods We studied 2147 patients with pT2 and pT3a prostate cancer with detailed surgical margin parameters and BCR status. We compared a base model, a linear predictor calculated from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center postoperative nomogram (prostate-specific antigen, pathological tumour grade and stage), with the addition of surgical margin status to five additional models (base model plus surgical margin subclassifications) to evaluate enhancement in predictive accuracy. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to determine the clinical utility of parameters that enhanced predictive accuracy. Results Among 2147 men, 205 had PSMs, and 231 developed BCR. Discrimination for the base model with addition of surgical margin status was high (c-index = 0.801) and not meaningfully improved by adding surgical margin subclassification in the full cohort. In analyses considering only men with PSMs (N = 55 with BCR), adding surgical margin subclassification to the base model increased discrimination for total length of all PSMs - alone or with maximum Gleason grade at the margin (c-index improvement = 0.717 to 0.752 and 0.753, respectively). DCA demonstrated a modest benefit to clinical utility with the addition of these parameters. Conclusions Specific subclassification parameters add predictive accuracy for BCR and may aid clinical utility in decision-making for patients with PSMs. These findings may be useful for patient counselling and future adjuvant therapy trial design.
Internet navigation skills for financial management: Associations with age, neurocognitive performance, and functional capacity.

Objective: Online banking is becoming increasingly common among middle-aged and older adults, who may experience difficulties effectively navigating this sometimes complicated technology. This study examined age effects on a performance-based internet banking task and its association with neurocognitive, functional, and numerical abilities. Method: Thirty-five older adults (age 51-75) and 50 younger adults (age 18-32) completed an experimenter-controlled online banking measure in which they independently performed a series of naturalistic financial tasks (e.g., account transfers, bill paying). Participants also completed standardized tests of cognition, numeracy, and functional capacity. Results: Older adults were markedly slower and less accurate in completing the internet-based banking task, which was not confounded by other demographic, mood, or computer use factors. Higher scores on measures of neurocognition, numeracy, and financial functional capacity were both strongly associated with higher internet-based banking among older, but not younger adults. Conclusions: Findings suggest that older adults experience difficultly quickly and accurately navigating online banking platforms, which may be partly related to age-related declines in neurocognitive functions and basic financial capacity. Future studies might examine whether neurocognitive approaches to remediation and compensation can be used to improve online banking capacity in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Black College Students’ Ethnic Identity and Academic Achievement: Examining Mental Health and Racial Discrimination as Moderators:

The purpose of the current study was to test the role that components of ethnic identity (i.e., exploration and resolution) play in academic achievement, and to examine mental health, racial discri...
Looking Back, Moving Forward: Celebrating a Half Century of Women’s Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal

August 26, 2020 marked the 100th anniversary of the passage of the law granting American women the right to vote. Achieving this goal was a long, arduous struggle that began during the American Rev...
A Threonine-Based Targeting Signal in the Human CD1d Cytoplasmic Tail Controls Its Functional Expression

CD1d molecules are MHC class I-like molecules that present lipids to a unique subpopulation of T cells called NKT cells. The cytoplasmic tail of human CD1d possesses a tyrosine-based endosomal targeting motif (YXXZ). As such, these molecules traffic through the endocytic pathway, where it is believed that they are loaded with the antigenic lipid that stimulates NKT cells. In the current study, it was found that the T322 residue in the human CD1d tail is a major signal controlling transport to the cell surface and thus its functional expression. Mimicking the phosphorylation of this residue or removal of the entire cytoplasmic tail negates its ability to regulate CD1d trafficking, resulting in lysosomal targeting and degradation. These results demonstrate an important role of a heretofore unknown signal in the cytoplasmic tail of CD1d that may have relevance to other type I integral membrane proteins that traverse through the endocytic pathway.
The Chomsky—Schützenberger Theorem

Let PAREN n denote the language consisting of all balanced strings of parentheses of n distinct types. This language is generated by the grammar $$ \S \to \mathop {[S}\limits_1 \mathop ]\limits_1 \left| {\mathop {[S}\limits_2 \mathop ]\limits_2 } \right|...\left| {\mathop {[S}\limits_n \mathop ]\limits_n } \right|\left. {SS} \right| \in $$ .
Radiation safety implications of disseminated Iodine-131 uptake on patient release: The importance of image-based uptake measurements

2525 Objectives To assess the impact of including uptake external to the thyroid bed on the duration of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy patients’ release restrictions. Methods Uptake (U, %) was quantified two ways for five patients in whom extra-thyroidal-bed uptake was observed. Background-corrected total counts were computed in regions of interest over thyroid tissue and a standard source in a neck phantom placed in the field-of-view, drawn on a triple-energy-window scatter-corrected, geometric mean image from a 24-hour 123I scan. Patient-specific release restriction durations (in days, d) were calculated using the NRC 3-compartment model and the patient’s U in two ways: only from the thyroid-bed U as if measured by a probe and then including also the disseminated U from imaging. Times to release, durations of sleeping alone, and times to resumption of normal contact with others (especially children and pregnant women) were compared for the two methods. Results The ranges of U were 0.1 to 4.0 (thyroid bed) and 8.3 to 39.9 (disseminated). If only thyroid bed U was counted, release could be immediate, normal contact with others resumed after just 1 d, and sleeping alone was 1 to 21 d. Counting all uptake, release would be delayed 4 to 11 d in three patients, avoiding others increased to 9 to 28 d, and sleeping alone increased to 24 to 51 d. Conclusions If disseminated uptake is not included, exposure to others from released RAI patients may greatly exceed regulatory limits. Thus, quantifying total uptake using whole body imaging is prudent
Waveguide electro-optic modulators based on organic self-assembled superlattices (SAS)

Summary from only given. A prototype symmetric waveguide EO modulator was proposed. We show the cross section of the waveguide structure of the EO modulator based on GaAs substrate. A 0.5 /spl mu/m gold layer (the lower electrode) was deposited on the GaAs substrate. The SAS layers were intrinsically accentric, and second harmonic generation (SHG) and EO effects have been demonstrated without external electric field poling process.
Ventricular Assist Devices: Current Status and Future Perspective

The concept of mechanical circulatory assistance was established in the late 1950s and early 1960s with the first successful clinical use of the heart-lung machine for cardiopulmonary bypass. Attempts at developing total replacement artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices (VADs) were initiated in 1960s. The VADs, unlike total artificial hearts, which entirely replace the native heart, are mechanical pumps designed to augment the function of one or more chambers of the failing heart. A typical VAD is connected to the patient’s native circulation through a pair of tubes, one drawing blood from either the atrium or ventricle, and the other expelling blood into the arterial system. The VADs that are intended for long-term use are designed to be fully implanted in the body, with power transmitted across the skin. Devices intended for short-term use may reside outside the body, with blood traveling through tubes into the body.
CALCIFICATION AND OSSIFICATION

1. Spontaneous calcification of the rachitic callus in the later stages of healing has been described in detail, and has been shown to be responsible for the consolidation of fracture in rickets. 2. Spontaneous calcification of the callus has been defined, on the basis of observations upon the blood calcium and phosphorus, and upon undecalcified histological specimens which demonstrate the bone salt, as calcification which is progressive and limited to the fracture area. It is not accompanied by any change in the levels of the blood calcium and phosphorus. or in the existing state of the rachitic metaphyses. The calcium salts are laid down in the osteoid and cartilage of the tissues adjacent to the shaft in a characteristic pattern which is clearly distinguishable from calcification which follows administration of phosphate solution or vitamin D, and results in healing of the rickets. 3. The necrotic and uninjured portions of the section of the shaft which is enclosed in the growing callus have each been considered as possible sources of the calcium salts deposited in spontaneous calcification of the callus. The fact that the living cortical bone, by far the greatest portion of the length of the shaft enveloped in callus, becomes considerably rarefied when the callus reaches maximum size, and at the time when spontaneous calcification reaches its maximum distribution, suggests that this calcification represents local transfer of calcium salts from the shaft to the callus. Since the necrotic portion of the section of the shaft surrounded by callus is only a small fraction of the bone mineral stored in the cortex at the fracture area, it is believed that if it contributes to local transfer in the course of its absorption, the amount of bone salt thus liberated is relatively insignificant and cannot be regarded as an important source of the calcium salts deposited in the callus of healing fractures. 4. Because local implantations of devitalized bone or injections of colloidal calcium phosphate into the rachitic callus osteoid, prior to the advent of spontaneous calcification, fail to initiate calcification, it is concluded that these substances cannot be regarded as local sources of the bone salt. The differences in the mechanism of the resorption of living bone, as compared with the process of the absorption of dead bone or calcium salts, suggest that the local redistribution of the bone salts in the area of a healing fracture is brought about by the activity of the cellular elements of the bone, possibly the osteoclasts. 5. The phenomenon of local transfer of calcium salt may be regarded as indirect experimental evidence of local increase in concentration of dissolved calcium salt in the extracellular fluid of living bone undergoing resorption.
Kinging in the heartland; or, the power of marginality.

SUMMARY Theorizations of the drag king phenomenon and definitions of “the Drag King” thus far have relied almost exclusively on Judith Halberstam's description of the drag king scenes in New York, London, and San Francisco. In order to expand the scope of the investigation of drag king culture and as an example of the range of drag kings and drag king acts that have developed across the U.S. and across the world, this article focuses on H.I.S. Kings, a group of women, who have been performing in Columbus, Ohio since 1996. By infusing drag with a dose of theory, which is always tempered by their outrageous sense of humor, H.I.S. Kings have developed what arguably is one of the most interesting varieties of kinging, an approach to the genre of the drag show that Halberstam's model cannot account for. Unlike kings in New York, for example, H.I.S. Kings frequently utilize the supposedly gay male form of camp in their performance of multiple masculinities and femininities, and they create innovative ensemble n...
Play fighting and corticotropin-releasing hormone in the lateral septum of golden hamsters.

This study was focused on determining the possible role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on play fighting in juvenile golden hamsters. As no specific neural sites have been proposed, we looked for changes in CRH innervations at the peak of play-fighting activity on postnatal day 35 (P-35) from a week before on P-28. We noted that the increase in play-fighting activity between these two dates was associated with a 100% increase of the density of CRH fibers within the lateral septum. We, then, tested the possible role of CRH receptors on play fighting within the lateral septum through microinjections of α-helical CRH, a CRH receptor antagonist (either 0, 30, or 300 ng), directly into the area. The treatments inhibited play-fighting attacks and pins as well as reduced the duration of time that the resident hamsters spent in contact with the intruders, though locomotor activity remained unaffected. The possible source of CRH release in the lateral septum was addressed by quantification of CRH neurons also labeled with a marker of cellular activity, c-Fos, after consummation of play fighting. CRH neurons in the horizontal part of the diagonal band, an area reciprocally connected with the lateral septum, showed a 75% increase in double labeling with c-Fos as compared to controls. Together, these data show that CRH receptors in the lateral septum have a general role on play fighting, not just facilitating its consummation, but also likely enhancing appetitive aspects as well. In addition, this effect is associated with enhanced CRH availability in the area and enhanced neuronal activity within interconnected areas.
Confronting Suburban Poverty in America

“[P]overty is an expensive way to run a country” (Sherraden, 1991, p. 13). The United States of America, with its staunch belief in self-reliance and upward mobility, has continued down an extremel...
Inverse scattering problem with two flux methods

Abstract The inverse two flux (SS, SP and CC) approximations are presented for determining single scattering albedo and asymmetry factor from the hemispherical transmittance and reflectance data for an anisotropically scattering slab of finite thickness subjected to isotropic incident radiation at one of its boundary surfaces. Analytical expressions of the reflectance and transmittance are derived with the two flux methods and applied to determine the parameters with the use of an IMSL subroutine for solving the nonlinear constrained least mean square equation formulated. The results of inversed parameters are compared to those obtained by the P1 method. The accuracy of the predictions of both two-flux and P1 methods are also discussed.
Children's use of retrieval cues to “describe” episodic information in memory: Problems of constructability and discriminability

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to extend the “descriptions” approach to differences in using retrieval cues in second and fourth graders and college adults. The purpose of the experiments was to determine if “discriminability” and “constructability” in using cues are separable and to determine some of the sources of developmental differences in both aspects of cue use. In all the experiments, the encoding of cue-target word pairs at acquisition and of the cues alone at retrieval was constrained by means of orienting questions. Discriminability, which concerns the distinctiveness of acquisition encoding, was manipulated by varying the specificity of the acquisition orienting questions in Experiments 1 and 2, and the extent to which the cue modified the target information at acquisition in Experiment 3. Constructability, which concerns the retrieval information, was manipulated by varying the semantic relation of the retrieval orienting questions to the acquistion orienting questions in Experiments 1–4, and by using retrieval cues representing the “whole” or only “part” of the acquisition encoding context in Experiment 3. The results suggest that deficits in discriminability and constructability contribute independently to developmental differences in using retrieval cues and suggest some reasons for these deficits.
Biomedical engineering: University of Washington-capitalizing on the multi-disciplinary environment envisioned by Robert Rushmer

The influence of Robert Rushmer on the direction of the School of Medicine launched at the University of Washington in the late 1940s and the work of his group in cardiovascular physiology are examined. The establishment of the Center for Bioengineering in 1967 and its evolution are discussed. The principles underlying its development are outlined. >
Regaining customer relevance: the outside‐in turnaround

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the authors' in‐depth investigations of six successful turnarounds, which found that renewal was accomplished by a new management team that stepped outside the boundaries and constraints of the company and looked at its market through the eyes of customers and competitors.Design/methodology/approach – The authors describe how to perform an outside‐in turnaround that refocuses the company on the needs and expectations of the customer. This customer focus energizes and focuses the entire organization toward a shared sense of purpose.Findings – The forces moving a company to an inside‐out view are persistent and powerful. They must be countered with a tough resolve to ensure a company meets its customers' test for relevance.Practical implications – The challenge of beginning a successful outside‐in turnaround is to find the right balance between realism and optimism.Originality/value – The authors show how leading and sustaining an outside‐in turnaround mea...
A History of Critical Thinking as an Educational Goal in Graduate Theological Schools

The development of critical thinking skills among learners is a common educational goal across graduate theological schools. The purpose of this article is to provide a survey of some of the primary historical influences of the critical thinking movement in higher education in the United States and the movement's impact on graduate theological education. The author traces the roots of critical thinking beginning with Aristotle and follows the progression of development through Aquinas, Bacon, Descartes, Sumner, Ennis, and Brookfield. The contributions of the Protestant Reformation and the resulting development of higher education in colonial America are also explored. In addition, the article provides a brief review of recent research in the areas of effective pedagogy for and assessment of the development of critical thinking abilities in higher education in general, and in seminaries in particular.
Uncompetitive inhibition of monoterpene cyclases by an analog of the substrate geranyl pyrophosphate and inhibition of monoterpene biosynthesis in vivo by an analog of geraniol.

Abstract Monoterpene cyclases catalyze the divalent metal ion-dependent conversion of the acyclic precursor geranyl pyrophosphate to a variety of monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpene skeletons. Examination of the kinetics of inhibition of cyclization by the pyrophosphate ester of (E)-4-[2-diazo-3-trifluoropropionyloxy]-3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, a photolabile structural analog of the substrate, using a partially purified preparation of geranyl pyrophosphate:(+)-pinene cyclase and geranyl pyrophosphate:(+)-bornyl pyrophosphate cyclase from common sage (Salvia officinalis) evidenced (under dark conditions) strictly uncompetitive inhibition with Ki′ values of 3.2 and 4.7 μ m , respectively. These values are close to the corresponding Km values for the substrate with these two enzymes. This novel property of the substrate analog was also examined in the presence of two other inhibitors which bind to different domains of the cyclase active site (inorganic pyrophosphate and a sulfonium ion analog of a cyclic carbocationic intermediate of the reaction sequence (dimethyl-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)sulfonium iodide)) in order to address the mechanistic origins of the uncompetitive inhibition of cyclization. It was not possible, however, to rule out either an induced-fit mechanism or a sequential binding mechanism since the substrate is recognized by at least two binding domains and because direct examination of the effects of binding on cyclase conformation is currently not feasible. The substrate analog, although photoactive, did not give rise to light-dependent enzyme inactivation of greater magnitude than that obtained from ultraviolet light alone. The unusual behavior of the analog was attributed to intramolecular interaction of the electron-rich carbonyl group of the diazoester with the required divalent metal ion that is chelated by the pyrophosphate group. A photostable analog of geraniol that resembled the photoactive substrate analog in bearing a carbonyl function at C6 (6-oxo-3,7-dimethyloct-2(trans)en-1-ol) was prepared. Following foliar application to rapidly growing sage plants, this analog was seemingly activated to the corresponding pyrophosphate ester in vivo and selectively inhibited the activity of several cyclases in this tissue as evidenced by diminished production of the corresponding monoterpene end products.
Dissociating the performance of cortical and subcortical patients on phonemic tasks

To assess cortical and subcortical contributions to phonemic processing, patients with left frontal, temporal-parietal, or cerebellar lesions as well as those with Parkinson's disease were tested on phonemic identification and production tasks. In Experiment 1, patients and controls were asked to identify syllables on both a voicing and place of articulation continuum. Subcortical patients were relatively unimpaired at this task whereas cortical patients were less accurate at identifying the endpoints of both continua and exhibited little evidence of categorical perception. For Experiment 2, controls and patients were asked to produce syllables. Subcortical patients were able to produce contrastive voice onset times (VOTs) for voicing cognates although VOT of the voiceless phoneme was more variable for cerebellar patients. Cortical patients showed greater overlap in the production of both VOT and formant transition intervals. These results are discussed in terms of the type of computations hypothesized to originate from each neural area.
AIDS lymphomas: beginning of an EPOCH?

Highly aggressive lymphomas emerge in the setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. Prior to effective treatment for HIV, AIDS-related lymphomas (ARLs) were extremely difficult to effectively treat because of poor tolerance of
The analysis of causal models: Some remarks on new techniques

The theme of this article is the convergence between sociological reflection and technical developments in quantitative analysis. The author shows how the use of techniques based upon the general model of regression forces further reflection on phenomena studied, each of the techniques presented implying postulates about the dynamics of the variables measured or about the influence of variables that are not measured. Taking ecological analysis and contextual analysis as a starting point, the author introduces path analysis showing a progression from the former to the latter models in the convergence between techniques and sociological reflection.
Inert-marker studies during high-temperature formation of FeS2 from FeS1 + x

Abstract Marker experiments were made during the growth of FeS2 upon FeS1.128 at 650 °C. From the position of the markers in the scale, it was determined that the sulphur motion in FeS2 was similar to that of the iron motion. Such motion may have occurred from solid-state diffusion in the FeS2 or from gaseous transport in the micropores present in the FeS2.
Power efficient branch prediction through early identification of branch addresses

Ever increasing performance requirements have elevated deeply pipelined architectures to a standard even in the embedded processor domain, requiring the incorporation of dynamic branch prediction subsystems to hide the execution latency of control-altering instructions. In this paper a low power early branch identification technique which enables the design of extremely power-efficient branch predictors and BTBs is proposed. Through static extraction of program information regarding the distance to subsequent branches, this technique enables the calculation of the next branch address as soon as the direction of the current branch has been predicted. Early identification of branch addresses enables a complete elimination of the power hungry BTB lookups normally occurring at every execution cycle, as well as a just-in-time wake-up mechanism when accessing "hibernating" entries in complex predictors, switched to power-saving mode to reduce leakage power dissipation. A cost-efficient Branch Identification Unit (BIU) to calculate branch addresses is presented and analyzed in terms of power and timing characteristics. The effectiveness of the proposed BTB access policy and predictor wake-up mechanism is also confirmed by the simulation results of the SPECint 2000 and Media-bench benchmarks.
Early incorporated endothelial cells as origin of metastatic tumor vasculogenesis

Vascularization of solid tumors is thought to occur by sprouting or intussusceptive angiogenesis, co-option of existing vessels, and vasculogenic mimicry after the onset of tumor hypoxia, when the tumor radius exceeds the oxygen diffusion distance. In contrast, here we show that individual endothelial cells that are incorporated into pre-hypoxic tumors give rise to tumor blood vessels via vasculogenesis. Small metastatic lung tumor sections obtained after tail-vein injection of a syngeneic breast cancer cell line in the nude mice were labeled with antibodies against endothelial cell markers. Immunofluorescence showed the incorporation and mixed growth of CD31-, Tie-2-, and CD105-positive endothelial cells in tumors with radii less than oxygen diffusion distance and subsequent development of blood vessels from these early-incorporated endothelial cells. This observation lays the foundation of a novel vasculogenic paradigm of tumor vascularization, where incorporation of endothelial cells and their growth among tumor cells occur before the onset of core hypoxia in lung metastatic tumors.