cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exogenous matrix precursors promote functional nerve regeneration across a 15‐mm gap within a silicone chamber in the rat

When silicone regeneration chambers are implanted empty, axonal regeneration fails if the interstump gap length is greater than 10 mm. Previous experiments using the 10-mm gap model demonstrated that regeneration success correlated with the dimension and/or consistency of the naturally formed acellular fibrin matrix. Both spatial and temporal parameters of regeneration could be stimulated through modifications of the fibrin matrix by prefilling the chambers at the time of implantation either with phosphate-buffered saline or plasma dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline. In the present experiments, similar modification of matrix formation was found to promote successful regeneration across 15-mm and 20-mm interstump gap lengths. In addition, prefilling 15-mm-gap chambers with dialyzed plasma resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in the incidence of functional restitution detected at 8 weeks after implantation over the outcome with chambers prefilled with phosphate-buffered saline.
Seasonal colonization and decomposition of rat carrion in water and on land in an open field in South Carolina

Decomposition and insect colonization of rat, Rattus rattus L., carrion on land and in water were compared during summer and winter in a plowed field in northwestern South Carolina. During winter, carcasses on land reached the dried-remains stage of decomposition, whereas carcasses in water reached the early-floating stage. During summer, carcasses in both habitats entered the final-remains stage of decomposition in 1–2 wk. Fewer than 30 species of carrion insects were recorded from the carcasses over the duration of the study, probably reflecting the small size of the carcasses and the depauperate fauna of the habitat. Three species of blow flies— Cynomyopsis cadaverina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, and Lucilia illustris (Meigen) — colonized carrion on land during winter, but no insects colonized carrion in water during winter. Two species of blow flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) and Phaenicia sericata (Meigen), and 1 species of flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata Parker, colonized the carrion on land and in water during summer; the blow fly, Phonnia reglna (Meigen), colonized only the carrion on land. This study demonstrated seasonal variation in decomposition and colonization patterns of carrion in contrasting habitats, with important implications for forensic entomology.
Design features of large steam turbine-generators

THE CONTINUING RAPID GROWTH in the kva ratings of 3,600-rpm generators, as shown in Fig. 1, has been made possible by the development of many new features, and the resulting designs have some distinctive characteristics. The purpose of this article is to describe several of these features and characteristics.
Withdrawal symptoms in a patient receiving intrathecal morphine via an infusion pump

We describe a case of a failed implanted, programmable, intrathecal infusion pump-and its external programmer-leading to morphine withdrawal symptoms, in a patient with failed back syndrome.
Quasi-geostrophic Ocean Response to Real Wind Forcing: The Effects of Temporal Smoothing

Abstract A one-degree, flat bottom, eight-layer quasi-geostrophic model of the North Pacific Ocean is forced by six different wind stress curl datasets, all derived from seven years of twice daily analyses at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, 1980–86. The six datasets, with nominal averaging times of 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days, are obtained by carefully filtering in the frequency domain. This filtering greatly reduces the variance, typically by 90% for 30-day averaging, because the wind stress curl spectrum is nearly white in frequency. It also smoothes spatially, reducing high wavenumber variance to a greater degree than variance near wavenumber zero. The climatology of the ECMWF wind stress curl does not show any unexpected differences from climatologies based on historical marine wind observations. The wind stress curl is neither temporally nor spatially stationary with the high frequency variance being much larger during the winter season and over the northern half of the North ...
Metabolism of sulfobromophthalein in hepatectomized and hepatectomized-nephrectomized dog.

Summary1. Conjugation and rate of removal of sulfobromophthalein from the blood stream were studied in hepatectomized and hepatectomized-nephrectomized dogs. 2. Clearance of BSP from blood of hepatectomized dogs occurred at a slow but significant rate. Only 10% of cleared dye was excreted in urine. Conjugates of BSP appeared in serum and in greater percentage in urine. 3. Hepatectomized dogs after nephrectomy still cleared BSP at significant rate but had only questionable traces of metabolites in the serum. 4. It was concluded that the kidney is capable of conjugating BSP but that most of the dye clearance in the hepatectomized dog can be attributed to extrarenal mechanisms in the peripheral tissues.
Holographic Measurement of General Forms of Motion

An equation describing the reconstructed holographic images of objects in any state of motion is obtained starting from consideration of the effect of motion on coherence. The equation explicitly shows the dependence of the reconstruction on both the total displacement and the form of the law of motion. Applications to the measurement of motion for the special cases of vibration, constant velocity motion, and their combination are presented together with several experimental results. In particular the theory is shown to be valid for both double exposure and time average exposure methods of displacement, distortion, and vibration analysis.
Childhood Trauma Exposure and Alcohol Dependence Severity in Adulthood: Mediation by Emotional Abuse Severity and Neuroticism

Background Childhood trauma has been linked with a number of negative outcomes later in life, including alcohol dependence (AD). Previous studies have suggested a mediating role for neuroticism in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychopathology. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of multiple types of childhood trauma in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent patients, and the associations between childhood trauma and AD severity using multiple mediation analysis. Methods The prevalence of 5 types of childhood trauma—emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect—was assessed in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent patients (n = 280) and healthy controls (n = 137) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Multiple mediation analyses were used to model associations between childhood trauma measures and alcohol-related outcomes, primarily the severity of AD in the alcohol-dependent sample. Results Childhood trauma was significantly more prevalent and more severe in the alcohol-dependent subjects. In addition, childhood trauma was found to influence AD severity, an effect that was mediated by neuroticism. When individual trauma types were examined, emotional abuse was found to be the primary predictor of AD severity, both directly and through the mediating effects of the impulsivity subfacet of neuroticism. Physical abuse also had a moderate direct effect on AD severity. Mediation analysis did not reveal any association between childhood trauma and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score in the nondependent control sample. Conclusions Childhood trauma is highly prevalent in treatment-seeking alcoholics and may play a significant role in the development and severity of AD through an internalizing pathway involving negative affect. Our findings suggest that alcoholics with a history of childhood emotional abuse may be particularly vulnerable to severe dependence.
On the decision problems of program schemas with commutative and invertible functions

We consider partially interpreted monadic schemas in which some functions are specified to commute, or some function is specified to be invertible. The decision problems considered are those of halting, divergence, equivalence, inclusion and isomorphism. It is shown that with either commutativity or invertibility alone, all these decision problems are solvable, whereas with both commutativity and invertibility, all become unsolvable. These results are also related to the decision problems for finite automata on multi-dimensional infinite tapes.
Economics of Selection Programs for Artificial Insemination

Abstract Research to identify characteristics of optimum plans for improvement of artificially inseminated populations is reviewed. Improvement in both milk yield and beef characteristics is considered. Early research failed adequately to assess the economic impact of selection alternatives. Later work demonstrated that maximizing genetic gain often results in less than maximum economic returns, particularly if the economic value of future productive improvement is discounted to present value. Also discussed is the alternative to dual-purpose selection of crossing a portion of dairy herds to beef bulls. If this practice is adopted in Europe, international exchanges of semen may be more worthwhile. Current practice in the United States should emphasize more effective use of elite proven bulls, both as sires of herd replacements and as sires of sons for future testing. This will allow further increases in intensity of selection.
Gaussian fields and random flow

The high-frequency component of the random solution of a model problem is shown to be statistically orthogonal to the Gaussian component. This is shown to be a consequence of the existence of an equilibrium range. It is concluded that random flow fields can be viewed as being approximately Gaussian only in a very special sense and, in particular, that Wiener–Hermite expansions can provide a useful description only of large-scale hydrodynamical phenomena.
Detection and Correlation of Immune Responses in White Leghorn Chickens to Northern Fowl Mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), Populations

Abstract Sera were collected from mite infested roosters and two levels of mite-infested hens and a control (no mites) and tested against a mite antigen. The sera antibodies were correlated with populations of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago). The chickens that had the heaviest mite infestations also had an earlier and heavier precipitation band in immunodiffusion tests.
The accelerated gap times model

SUMMARY This paper develops a new semiparametric model for the effect of covariates on the conditional intensity of a recurrent event counting process. The model is a transparent extension of the accelerated failure time model for univariate survival data. Estimation of the regression parameter is motivated by semiparametric efficiency considerations, extending the class of weighted log-rank estimating functions originally proposed in Prentice (1978) and subsequently studied in detail by Tsiatis (1990) and Ritov (1990). A novel rank-based one-step estimator for the regression parameter is proposed. An Aalen type estimator for the baseline intensity function is obtained. Asymptotics are handled with empirical process methods, and finite sample properties are studied via simulation. Finally, the new model is applied to the bladder tumour data of Byar (1980).
Radioisotopic measurement of plasma kallikrein.

Abstract A rapid and sensitive assay for plasma kallikrein has been developed using the radiolabeled tripeptide substrate N-benzoyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-( 14 C)-anilide. This assay can measure kallikrein in plasma at concentrations ranging from 25–1000 ng/ml. The assay does not require inactivation of kallikrein inhibitors.
Agency costs, property rights, and the evolution of labor unions

Collective bargaining requires that an agent represent workers. This paper examines the implications for the trade union movement of the resulting agency costs. Without transferable rights in the union, union members lack the means and incentive to bring forth the innovative agent controls common to the modern corporation. Considerations of the bargaining strengths of employers and employees, each represented by an agent, provide an explanation of the simultaneous decline of private sector union membership (corporate share holders have been more successful at lowering agency costs) and growth of public sector union representation (where the union official, a “double agent,” serves the interest of both employee and bureaucratic employer).
Inhibitors of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps from the Resin Glycosides of Ipomoea murucoides

A reinvestigation of the CHCl3-soluble extract from flowers of the Mexican medicinal arborescent morning glory, Ipomoea murucoides, through preparative-scale recycling HPLC, yielded six new pentasa...
Fluocinolone acetonide implant (Retisert) for chronic cystoid macular edema in two patients with AIDS and a history of cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Purpose: To report the authors’ experience using fluocinolone acetonide (Retisert) to treat cystoid macular edema (CME) resulting from immune recovery uveitis (IRU) in 2 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with a history of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis.Design: Interventional case series.Methods: Medical records were reviewed of 2 patients who received Retisert implantation in 3 eyes for IRU-associated inflammation and CME. Suppression of CMV disease was achieved with oral medication in one patient and with simultaneous implantation of a ganciclovir implant in the other patient.Results: After Retisert implantation in 3 eyes in AIDS patients on HAART, improvement in CME was seen in 2 eyes. No CMV reactivation was detected during the several-month follow-up period.Conclusions: Retisert may be an effective treatment for CME in AIDS patients with IRU reactivation and a history of CMV retinitis.
Silicon carbide-titanium diboride ceramic composites

The effect of TiB2 content on mechanical properties of silicon carbide–titanium diboride ceramic composites was studied. The hardness of the ceramics decreased from 27.8 GPa for nominally pure SiC to 24.4 GPa for nominally pure TiB2. In contrast, fracture toughness of the ceramics increased from 2.1 MPa m 1/2 for SiC to ∼6 MPa m 1/2 for SiC with TiB2 contents of 40 vol.% or higher. Flexure strengths were measured for three composites containing 15, 20, and 40 vol.% TiB2 and analyzed using a two parameter Weibull analysis. The Weibull modulus increased from 12 for 15 vol.% TiB2 to 17 for 20 and 40 vol.% TiB2. Microstructural analysis revealed microcracking in the ceramics containing 20 and 40 vol.% TiB2. The ceramic containing 40 vol.% TiB2 had the best combination of properties with a fracture toughness of 6.2 MPa m 1/2 , hardness of 25.3 GPa,
The final end of the final frontier

The elections have now passed, but the planetary exploration effort of the United States remains anything but settled. Deadlocks remain, with a continuing resolution in place through next March, no relief in sight for sequestration to be averted, and the $309 million cut in planetary exploration for the proposed fiscal year 2013 (FY2013) budget already in play. The proposed FY2014 level in the President's FY2013 budget release mandates an additional cut of $58.6 million on top of the already precipitous drop from the FY2012 budget numbers to those of FY2013. The potential for planetary exploration is a drop of about $370 million in 2 years, a decrease of one-quarter of the total planetary exploration program, with further cuts slated for FY2015 ([ 1 ][1]). NASA currently accounts for a nearhistorical low of 0.46% of the U.S. government budget ([ 2 ][2]). After 50 years of robotic planetary exploration, we know the high cost of space exploration, robotic and human. Doing worthwhile things is not cheap, but slashing budgets in opposition to long-term national goals is a policy error. These NASA dollars enable activities in space but are spent on the ground. NASA funding has led to advances in electronics, robotics, and aeronautics. Space-based, scientific investigation of Earth's resources and climate are of increasing importance. And of course, the money goes toward salaries for high-wage, high-skill jobs. NASA has time and again delivered the best value per dollar back to the American taxpayer, providing new knowledge and understanding that we can all be proud of as a joint American undertaking. The return on investment, in our current quality of life, in future generations, and in the achievements of our country has been immense. We urge the Administration, the White House, the Office of Management and Budget, and Office of Science and Technology Policy, along with both houses of Congress and both political parties, to deal with the current imbroglio and work together to continue the nation's investment in our successful program of solar system exploration. Even in tight budget times, the return is well worth the price. 1. [↵][3] FY 2013 Complete Budget Estimate at NASA, Budget Documents, Strategic Plans and Performance Reports, p. BUD-3 ([www.nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html][4]). 2. [↵][5] Office of Management and Budget, Historical Tables, Table 4.1: Outlays by Agency: 1962–2017 ([www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals][6]). [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [4]: http://www.nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html [5]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [6]: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals
Combining Correlation Matrices: Simulation Analysis of Improved Fixed-Effects Methods

The originally proposed multivariate meta-analysis approach for correlation matrices?analyze Pearson correlations, with each study's observed correlations replacing their population counterparts in its conditional-covariance matrix? performs poorly. Two refinements are considered: Analyze Fisher Z-transformed correlations, and substitute better estimates of correlations in the conditional covariances. Fixed-effects methods with and without each refinement were exam ined in a Monte Carlo study; number of studies and the distribution of within study sample sizes were varied. Both refinements improved element-wise point and interval estimates, as well as Type I error control for homogeneity tests, especially with many small studies. Practical recommendations and suggestions for future methodological work are offered. An appendix describes how to trans form Fisher-Z (co)variances to the Pearson-v metric.
Effects of experience and juvenile hormone on the organization of the mushroom bodies of honey bees

There is an age-related division of labor in the honey bee colony that is regulated by juvenile hormone. After completing metamorphosis, young workers have low titers of juvenile hormone and spend the first several weeks of their adult lives performing tasks within the hive. Older workers, approximately 3 weeks of age, have high titers of juvenile hormone and forage outside the hive for nectar and pollen. We have previously reported that changes in the volume of the mushroom bodies of the honey bee brain are temporally associated with the performance of foraging. The neuropil of the mushroom bodies is increased in volume, whereas the volume occupied by the somata of the Kenyon cells is significantly decreased in foragers relative to younger workers. To study the effect of flight experience and juvenile hormone on these changes within the mushroom bodies, young worker bees were treated with the juvenile hormone analog methoprene but a subset was prevented from foraging (big back bees). Stereological volume estimates revealed that, regardless of foraging experience, bees treated with methoprene had a significantly larger volume of neuropil in the mushroom bodies and a significantly smaller Kenyon cell somal region volume than did 1-day-old bees. The bees treated with methoprene did not differ on these volume estimates from untreated foragers (presumed to have high endogenous levels of juvenile hormone) of the same age sampled from the same colony. Bees prevented from flying and foraging nonetheless received visual stimulation as they gathered at the hive entrance. These results, coupled with a subregional analysis of the neuropil, suggest a potentially important role of visual stimulation, possibly interacting with juvenile hormone, as an organizer of the mushroom bodies. In an independent study, the brains of worker bees in which the transition to foraging was delayed (overaged nurse bees) were also studied. The mushroom bodies of overaged nurse bees had a Kenyon cell somal region volume typical of normal aged nurse bees. However, they displayed a significantly expanded neuropil relative to normal aged nurse bees. Analysis of the big back bees demonstrates that certain aspects of adult brain plasticity associated with foraging can be displayed by worker bees treated with methoprene independent of foraging experience. Analysis of the over-aged nurse bees suggests that the post-metamorphic expansion of the neuropil of the mushroom bodies of worker honey bees is not a result of foraging experience. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
“Comparing Gifts to Purchased Materials: A Usage Study”

The aim of the study was to compare the value of gift materials added to the general collection of a small to medium-sized academic library with materials selected and purchased by the library. The measure employed to determine the relative value of the gifts vs. non-gifts was how often the materials were used within a 12-month period. Two groups of 77 books (gifts and purchased items) were tracked over the course of 1 year to determine if the gifts were used significantly less. Results indicate that donated books were used on average 0.87 times whereas non-gifts were used 1.38 times. A t-test was also applied demonstrating that the two groups were significantly different at the 0.05 level. This provides empirical data libraries can use to re-evaluate existing policies and procedures for handling gifts.
Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) feeding effects on nonstructural carbohydrates in sorghum

The effects of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), feeding on the nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations of field-grown seedling and vegetative sorghum plants, Sorghum bicolor Moench, were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Four individual experiments were completed for each of the plant growth stages to compare nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations between greenbug-infested and uninfested plants. Greenbug-infested seedling plants tended to have greater concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates in the shoots and lower concentrations in the roots when compared with uninfested plants. The concentration of sucrose in the shoots of seedling plants increased and starch in the roots decreased in a linear relationship with increasing greenbug density. In contrast to seedling plants, roots of greenbug-infested vegetative plants had a greater concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates and shoots had a reduced concentration. The starch concentration in the shoots of infested vegetative plants decreased with increasing greenbug density. These results demonstrate that sorghum plants at these two growth stages respond differently to greenbug feeding in their ability to maintain nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations.
PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE IN NEONATES. † 1162

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is infrequently seen in neonates but carries a very high mortality. Our understanding of this process is limited and this retrospective study was designed to describe the clinical correlates of this process. We identified all cases of PH in our tertiary care NICU from 7/1/88 to 6/30/95 and reviewed details of the episode. 2 controls/case matched for gestational age and birth weight were obtained from the same database. Of the 2980 admissions over the 7 year period, PH was diagnosed in 42 infants(incidence 1.4%). The mean age of occurrence was at 3.1 days (range 2 hours to 25 days). Factors associated with PH are shown. Statistical analysis by chi square test (*) or Mann-Whitney test (#) where appropriate. No statistical significance was seen between the two groups in regard to antenatal steroids, PIH, maternal chorio-amnionitis, cord pH, presentation, mode of delivery, 1 min. Apgar, race, sex, sepsis, PDA or IVH. All infants with PH were on mechanical ventilation prior to/during the episode. Pharmacologic support prior to/during the episode of PH included bicarbonate/THAM in 21 (50%), inotropic drugs in 15 (36%), fluid volume in 33 (79%), analgesics/sedatives in 11 (26%) and paralysis in 5 (12%). Treatment consisted of increasing mean airway pressure (MAP), nebulized epinephrine (Epi), nebulized 4% cocaine either singly or in combination. Outcome is shown below.Table We conclude that multiple gestation, a low Apgar at 5 minutes, RDS and surfactant use are associated with a significantly increased incidence of PH. Nebulized cocaine and Epi may be useful as adjuncts to increasing MAP in treating PH in neonates. Table
Genes, genetics, and epigenetics: a correspondence.

Over the past months, as this special issue took shape, the Editors of Science have monitored an exchange of seven letters initiated by three queries from M. Bacon. These queries concern the popular definitions of "genes," "genetics," and "epigenetics." Below, we reprint excerpts from these letters, referring interested readers to www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5532/1103/DC1 for the complete text and additional references.
Preliminary Assessment and Rating of Stream Channel Stability near Bridges

The primary cause of bridge failure in the United States is scour and channel instability around the bridge foundations. The ability to assess channel stability in the vicinity of bridges is needed to alert engineers to possible unstable conditions at the bridge foundations, to design stable road crossings, and to mitigate against erosion at those structures. This information is valuable for stream stabilization projects as well, particularly for cases where the reach to be restored includes a bridge. However, a systematic methodology for rapidly assessing channel stability that is applicable at bridges located in the various regions of the country does not currently exist. In this study, an assessment method for the preliminary documentation and rating of channel stability near bridges was developed, based on prior stability assessment methods as well as observations at bridges in 13 physiographic regions of the continental United States. This method provides an assessment of channel stability conditions as they affect bridge foundations. It is intended for a quick assessment of conditions for the purpose of documenting conditions at bridges and for judging whether more extensive geomorphic studies or complete hydraulic and sediment transport analyses are needed to assess the potential for adverse conditions developing at a particular bridge in the future.
Apparent Asexual Embryogenesis in Cultured Leaf Sections of Hoya

Summary A diallelic experimental design was used to study the degree of callus induction from leaf explants of Hoya carnosa «Compacta» and Hoya carnosa «Rubra» in response to the following growth regulator interactions: 0–57.0 µ M IAA/0–46.0 µ M kinetin; 0–54.0 µ M NAA/0–46.0 µ M kinetin; and 0–40.0 µ M 2,4-D/0–150.0 µ M kinetin. Callus proliferation was obtained only from explants cultured on media containing an auxin. However, optimal callusing of leaf explants was obtained in the presence of 2,4-D and kinetin. Upon secondary culture, apparent asexual embryos developed exclusively from callus initiated on 2,4-D/kinetin primary culture medium. The concentration ratio of 2,4-D and kinetin during primary culture determines the frequency of embryogenic determination. Primary culture treatments conducive to embryo determination were 2.3–5.0 µ M 2,4-D in combination with 2.5–20.0 µ M kinetin.
Mass spectrometric implications of high-pressure ion sources

Abstract The nature of supersonic free jet expansion of a gas from high pressure into vacuum is reviewed and characterized in this article. The increasingly widespread applications and implications of this jet expansion process in mass spectrometry are described. Particular attention is paid to prospective advantages and possible problems when such jets are used to transport ions from a source at high pressure into the vacuum environment of a mass analyzer.
Deposition parameters studies of silicon nitride films prepared by plasma-enhanced CVD process using silane-ammonia

Silicon nitride films were deposited by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique using silane-ammonia as the reactant gas mixture. The influence of the process parameters such as flow ratio of the reactant gases, pressure, substrate temperature, r.f. power, time of deposition and electrode spacing, on the deposition and etch rates were investigated and experimental results are presented.
Amino-acid analysis of the contents of a vial excavated at Axum, Ethiopia

Abstract This report describes in some detail both the chemical technique of ultra-micro amino-acid analysis and some of its applications to archaeology. The technique itself consists of heating a sample of protein weighing less than 1 μg in hydrochloric acid, separating the amino-acids by ion-exchange chromatography, colorimetrically determining the amount of each which is present, and quantifying the results. As an example of the application of this technique to archaeological problems, a seemingly inorganic calcitic concretion found in the bottom of a glass vial excavated at Axum was analysed. The vial was found with associated artifacts which suggested that it had been manufactured around or after about AD 600. Approximately 4% of amino-acids were detected in the concretion. The resulting data suggested the presence of skin and hair. These analytical results were coupled with observations concerning the present day distribution of civet cats in Africa, and lead to the conclusion that the vial originally contained civet cat gland exudate, which has a musky odor. In other words, the vial was probably used originally as a perfume bottle.
Association of Age and Heart Rate with Pulsed‐Wave Doppler Measurements in Healthy, Nonsedated Cats

Background: Associations of age and heart rate with blood flow velocities and durations assessed by pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler echocardiography in cats are incompletely understood. Objectives: To determine the effects of age and heart rate on blood flow velocities and durations of cardiac events obtained by PW Doppler echocardiography in healthy, nonsedated cats. Animals: A convenience sample of 87 healthy, nonsedated cats aged 3 months to 19 years. Methods: Prospective, observational study. PW Doppler measurements were obtained by echocardiography. Association of age and heart rate with PW Doppler values was evaluated by simple and multiple linear regressions and ANCOVA. Results: Significant weak positive relationships were found between age and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (R2= 0.18; P≤ .001), and between age and duration of pulmonary venous retrograde flow (R2= 0.07; P= .041). There was a significant weak negative relationship between age and transmitral peak early diastolic velocity (R2= 0.19; P≤ .001). Age and heart rate were significantly related to pulmonary venous peak systolic velocity (R2= 0.13; P= .008). Heart rate affected transmitral peak late diastolic velocity (R2= 0.11; P= .006). After adjusting for heart rate effect, the PW Doppler variables that were significantly different between age groups were transmitral peak early diastolic velocity (P≤ .001), duration of transmitral late diastolic flow (P≤ .001), IVRT (P≤ .001), and the ratio of duration of transmitral late diastolic flow to duration of pulmonary venous retrograde flow (P= .029). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The association of several PW Doppler-derived variables and age and heart rate is weak and not clinically important.
The Transcription Factor Regulatory Factor X1 Increases the Expression of Neuronal Glutamate Transporter Type 3

Glutamate transporters (excitatory amino acid transporters, EAAT) play an important role in maintaining extracellular glutamate homeostasis and regulating glutamate neurotransmission. However, very few studies have investigated the regulation of EAAT expression. A binding sequence for the regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) exists in the promoter region of the gene encoding for EAAT3, a neuronal EAAT, but not in the promoter regions of the genes encoding for EAAT1 and EAAT2, two glial EAATs. RFX proteins are transcription factors binding to X-boxes of DNA sequences. Although RFX proteins are necessary for the normal function of sensory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans, their roles in the mammalian brain are not known. We showed that RFX1 increased EAAT3 expression and activity in C6 glioma cells. RFX1 binding complexes were found in the nuclear extracts of C6 cells. The activity of EAAT3 promoter as measured by luciferase reporter activity was increased by RFX1 in C6 cells and the neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. However, RFX1 did not change the expression of EAAT2 proteins in the NRK52E cells. RFX1 proteins were expressed in the neurons of rat brain. A high expression level of RFX1 proteins was found in the neurons of cerebral cortex and Purkinje cells. Knockdown of the RFX1 expression by RFX1 antisense oligonucleotides decreased EAAT3 expression in rat cortical neurons in culture. These results suggest that RFX1 enhances the activity of EAAT3 promoter to increase the expression of EAAT3 proteins. This study provides initial evidence for the regulation of gene expression in the nervous cells by RFX1.
Einstein and Bell: Strengthening the case for microphysical randomness

It is by now widely recognized that a powerful case for the in deterministic or ultimately random behavior of certain quantum mechanical systems can be based on Bell's theorem together with two types of empirical data: (i) data of several experiments on polariza tion correlations of photon pairs, showing excellent agreement with the QM predictions and sharp disagreement with inequalities like Bell's constraining local, deterministic, hidden-variable theories (meeting certain auxiliary conditions designed to take into account current experimental limitations, cf. [3], ?5); (ii) all the diverse data supporting the special theory of relativity ("STR"), specifically its requirement of no superluminary action ("nsa"). Three features of this case contribute to its strength: (1) Although a sophisticated understanding of Quantum Theory led to the derivations of inequalities and to the design of experiments to test them, the argument for indeterminism based on the results does not rest on any general acceptance of QM at all. This is in marked contrast to all earlier arguments for indeterminism based on the alleged complete ness of QM. A class of experimental statistics has now been obtained, violating the inequalities; the argument that no deterministic, local account of these exists makes no further reference to QM what soever. (2) An important instance of the first point, the case does not depend on any "realistic interpretation" of the quantum magnitudes. In contrast to arguments based on the no-embedding theorem of Kochen-Specker or the inexistence of dispersion-free measures (corollary to Gleason's theorem), no special assumption as to the representation of QM observables is needed. They needn't be treated as random variables over a common phase-space; nor need it be supposed that they have values apart from interaction with a measur ing device. In fact, they needn't be represented at all (by any putative deterministic theory): only the corresponding phenomenological
A balloon-assisted facialplasty technique.

An ongoing goal of aesthetic surgery is a reduction in complications and an improvement in reproducibility and speed. Balloon dissector devices have been used in other areas of surgery to achieve these goals. This report presents early clinical experience using a balloon dissector to elevate the skin flap in facialplasty. The first step in the technique is the creation of a tunnel from a small preauricular incision toward the oral commissure using scissors dissection. The balloon device is inserted into this tunnel and inflated. Unrolling the device elevates the skin flap in the cheek and neck area. Retroauricular dissection and final adjustment of flap size and shape is completed sharply. Subsequent superficial musculoaponeurotic system flap development, skin redraping, and closure is performed in a conventional fashion after customary facialplasty incisions are made. Comparison of complications, postoperative drainage, and time required for dissection and for hemostasis was made between a balloon-dissected side and a conventionally dissected side in 10 patients undergoing facialplasty. Ten additional patients were treated with balloon dissection bilaterally. Patients ranged in age from 45 to 73 years. Mean balloon dissection time was 1.4 minutes (range, 0.75-4 minutes). This produced an even flap thickness in the correct plane with few if any bleeding points. Mean total dissection time on the balloon side was significantly shorter-13.6 minutes-compared with 27.8 minutes (p < 0.003) on the conventional side. Mean difference in time to hemostasis between conventional and balloon sides was 3.8 minutes (p < 0.001). Mean total postoperative drainage (all drains removed at 24 hours) was 13.8 cc on the balloon side and 18.8 cc on the conventional side (not significant, p = 0.08). Less ecchymosis and swelling was observed on the balloon side compared with the scissors-dissected side. There were no skin losses, hematomas, infections, or nerve injuries on either side. Appearance of skin redraping was comparable on each side in all patients. Balloon dissection represents a promising alternative means of creating rapid, reproducible skin flap elevation in facialplasty, and is associated with a minimum of bleeding, ecchymosis, and swelling.
Thickness dependence of the exchange bias in epitaxial manganite bilayers

Exchange bias has been studied in a series of ${\text{La}}_{2/3}{\text{Ca}}_{1/3}{\text{MnO}}_{3}/{\text{La}}_{1/3}{\text{Ca}}_{2/3}{\text{MnO}}_{3}$ bilayers grown on (001) ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates by ozone-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The high crystalline quality of the samples and interfaces has been verified using high-resolution x-ray diffractometry and $Z$-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. The dependence of exchange bias on the thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer has been investigated. A critical value for the onset of the hysteresis loop shift has been determined. An antiferromagnetic anisotropy constant has been obtained by fitting the results to the generalized Meiklejohn-Bean model.
Characterization results for aspirations in games with sidepayments

Abstract Recently several solution concepts for cooperative games have been defined on a new solution space — the space of aspirations. This paper presents characterization results for this space. Unlike other solution spaces — the set of imputations and the set of IRPCs for a given coalition structure — the structure of the space is not trivial and vectors in the space do not have the interpretation of being the feasible payoff distributions for a given coalition structure. The results presented here provide a technique for calculating aspirations and an interpretation of aspirations as the set all coalitionally rational payoff distributions for the game. We also show that, unlike the other solution spaces which are compact convex subsets of R N , the set of aspirations is not convex and indeed not even star shaped.
“Climategate” Undermined Belief in Global Warming Among Many American TV Meteorologists

Abstract Television (TV) meteorologists are a potentially important source of informal climate change education in that most American adults watch local TV news and consider TV weather reporters to be a trusted source of global warming information. In January 2010, we used a Web-based survey of TV meteorologists nationwide to assess the impact of “Climategate”—the unauthorized release of, and news stories about, e-mails between climate scientists in the United States and the United Kingdom—on their beliefs about climate change; the response rate was 52%. Most respondents (77%) had followed the story; 42% of those who did indicated it made them more certain that global warming is not happening. Conservatives (57%) were more likely than moderates (43%) and liberals (15%) to endorse this view (χ2 = 49.89, p < 0.001), and those who believed global warming is not happening (74%), or who did not know (46%), were more likely to endorse the view than those who believed it is happening (25%; χ2 = 108.59, p < 0.001...
Interpretation of non-parametric estimates of time-varying systems

There are numerous approaches to estimating the dynamics of time-varying systems. Ensemble approaches are especially suited for estimating time-varying biological systems as they require no assumptions about the time-varying behavior of the system being estimated. In this paper we evaluate the ability of non-parametric ensemble methods to estimate time-varying changes in the underlying parameters of a dynamic system. Using simulated data we determined that the estimated static gain of the system was filtered by the dynamics of the system. Furthermore, when the underlying parameters of the system changed in a step-wise fashion, the parameters estimated from the identified non-parametric impulse or frequency response functions did not match the simulated model parameters for a time corresponding to the transient response of the simulated system. These findings show that a system with time-varying parameters cannot be represented by a series of impulse or frequency responses characterized by parameters that match the values and time course of the underlying system. Thus, underlying system parameters cannot be inferred directly from non-parametric time-varying estimates, as they can be in a time-invariant case. These results have important implications for understanding the parametric variations associated with time-varying systems that are best studied using non-parametric approaches, such as many biological systems.
Amphotericin B interactions with soluble oligomers of amyloid Aβ1-42 peptide

Amphotericin B has recently been suggested as an efficient inhibitor of amyloid peptide fibril formation; however its interactions with more neurotoxic, soluble forms of amyloid peptides have not been reported to date. Circular dichroism spectroscopy allowed for distinguishing between the binding and inhibition of aggregation events: amphotericin B distinctly interacts with both unordered and ordered, β-structure-rich soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ1-42 peptide, yet amphotericin B has no measurable impact neither on the secondary structure nor on time-dependent aggregation profile of the amyloid peptide.
Geometrically non-linear transient analysis of laminated, doubly curved shells

Abstract A dynamic, shear deformation theory of a doubly curved shell is used to develop a finite element for geometrically non-linear (in the von Karman sense) transient analysis of laminated composite shells. The element is employed to determine the transient response of spherical and cylindrical shells with various boundary conditions and loading. The effect of shear deformation and geometric non-linearity on the transient response is investigated. The numerical results presented here for transient analysis of laminated composite shells should serve as references for future investigations.
Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks: Retraining Fundamentals in Experienced Athletes

(2001). Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks: Retraining Fundamentals in Experienced Athletes. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 72, No. 8, pp. 44-48.
Effect of geometrical disturbance on vortex asymmetry

The phenomena of the flow about a slender body of revolution placed at incidence to an oncoming stream were numerically investigated for angles of attack of 20 and 40 deg and a Reynolds number of 2×10 5 based on maximum body diameter. At angle of attack of 20 deg, the flow was steady and symmetric, and the presence of a perturbation, which was placed near the tip of the body, made only a small change.
An Attempt to Influence Health Care Visits of Frequent Hospital Emergency Facility Users

In this study, 445 patients under 19 years of age who visited an urban hospital emergency facility for acute illnesses four or more times over 2 years were randomly divided into two groups. The parents of 230 of the patients received three letters that stressed the value of continuous pediatric care and the lack of continuity available in emergency facilities. The letters indicated a willingness to offer advice as to how they could obtain continuing care. The remaining 215 patients served as controls. During the following year, the patients whose parents received the letters and the controls were compared in their visits to the hospital's emergency facility, primary care unit, and subspecialty clinics. Very few differences were noted between the two groups.
Should intensive cholesterol lowering play a role in the management of acute coronary syndromes

Although several large, well-controlled trials with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) demonstrate the benefits of cholesterol lowering on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, these trials excluded patients with recent unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Thus, the potentially beneficial effects that may accrue from early statin therapy have not been apparent. Mechanistic and experimental studies show that benefits from statin therapy may include improved endothelial function, a decrease in platelet thrombus deposition, and a reduction in inflammation at the site of the lesion. Large-scale clinical trials are now under way to determine the effect of aggressive cholesterol lowering in patients with acute coronary syndromes. If the findings of the smaller studies are confirmed, statin therapy should be considered early after infarction or unstable angina.
Alphamax: A Program that Maximizes Coefficient Alpha by Selective Item Deletion:

The presence report describes a computer program, ALPHAMAX, that can be employed to evaluate the internal consistency reliability of test data, and to help the researcher during test development in selecting item subsets that may maximize coefficient alpha. The program also invokes a "bootstrap" type logic to evaluate the generalizability of conclusions regarding optimal item subsets.
Nutrient transfer between the seagrass Zostera marina and its epiphytes

THE leaves of seagrasses often harbour dense populations of macroscopic and microscopic algal epiphytes. In many cases seagrasses grow in waters that are extremely low in dissolved inorganic nutrients yet they have high epiphyte standing stocks. These field observations led to direct experiments on the transfer of nitrogen and carbon from the dissolved nutrient pool in the interstitial waters of the sediments into the root system of eelgrass, Zostera marina, and through the plant to the algae on its leaves. Previous studies1,2 on seagrasses have shown that the high productivity of seagrass meadows is largely maintained by the nutrient pool of the sediments. Since the plant system leaks phosphorus and, presumably, other nutrients, it is possible that the production of the leaf epiphytes is indirectly sustained by the nutrients in the sediments. This mechanism has been suggested by several workers for marine and freshwater macrophytes3–7 but definitive experiments are lacking. Here we report the results of experiments designed to test this hypothesis.
Die Kramer-Osteotomie zur Behandlung des Hallux valgus und des Digitus quintus varus

Durch Osteotomie proximal vom Metatarsalkopfchen wird mit Hilfe einer Keilresektion und Verschiebung des Metatarsalkopfchens in Richtung auf den zentralen III. Strahl zu sowohl die Achsenabweichung der I. und V. Zehe korrigiert als auch der Vorfus verschmalert. Dadurch kann das “Vorfusgleichgewicht” wieder zuruckgewonnen, der Spreizfus verringert und eine erneute Deformierung vermieden werden. (Die Technik wurde erstmals 1972 von Kramer angewandt.)