cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PKC activators phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and N-benzyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD 198) exert different cellular effects based upon sub-cellular localization.

5405 The phorbol ester PMA and N -benzyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD 198) possess similar mechanisms of action; i.e., binding to the C1b regulatory domain of conventional and novel isoforms of the C family of protein kinases (PKC). However, the functional consequences may either be the same or vary with cell type. In cardiac myocytes, both agents activate PKC-ϵ to trigger cardioprotective signaling. Both agents are also capable of triggering apoptosis through activation of both PKC-δ and PKC-ϵ. In K562 human leukemia cells, AD 198 triggers rapid apoptosis through PKC-δ activation in a manner that is unaffected by the proliferative effects of Bcr-Abl expression. In contrast, PMA inhibits K562 cell proliferation through the induction of the differentiation pathway leading to megakaryocyte formation, but does not induce apoptosis, even at a concentration 50-fold higher than required to induce differentiation. At sub-cytotoxic levels, AD 198 triggers neither erythroid nor megakaryocyte differentiation of K562. PMA-mediated megakaryocyte formation is associated with the increased expression and activation of PKC-ϵ, as observed by increased PKC-ϵ associated with total cell membrane fractions. Low dose AD 198 induces expression of PKC-ϵ in K562 cells but does not induce PKC-ϵ activation, as shown by the absence of PKC-ϵ translocation from cytosol to membrane. RACK2, a PKC-ϵ-specific receptor of activated PKC, promotes spatial orientation of PKC-ϵ with its specific substrates. We observe an increase in RACK2 protein following treatment of K562 cells with either 250 nM AD 198 or 20 nM PMA. However, RACK2 protein remains in the cytoplasm of AD 198-treated cells, but migrates to the nuclei of PMA-treated cells. In addition to its correlation with K562 differentiation, PMA-mediated PKC-ϵ activity and RACK2 distribution also correlate with increased K562 sensitivity to a variety of antitumor agents. PMA increases the sensitivity of K562 cells 7-fold to the metabolically stable PKC activator N -benzyladriamycin-14-pivalate (AD 445), 2-fold to the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor N -benzyladriamycin (AD 288) and 0.5-fold to vinblastine. In contrast, 250 nM AD 198 did not sensitize the cells to any of these agents. The localization of AD 198 principally in the cytoplasm as opposed to the distribution of PMA in both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm suggests that the differential effects of two compounds with the same PKC binding sites correlates, at least in part, with the nuclear distribution of PMA in conjunction with similar localization of PKC-ϵ and RACK2. (Supported by NCI grant CA100093).
A modern graphic flowchart layout tool

We describe the design of a flowchart layout tool for C-programs, which may contain break, continue, and return statements We exploit the nesting relationship among the blocks to determine the positions of blocks and subblocks, which in turn determine the placement of connecting lines between the blocks A special labeling technique is used to avoid the crossing of lines.
Human Development and Health

There are strong reciprocal relationships between health and human development. Developmental disabilities and delays in utero and in childhood are associated with compromised health at all later stages of life, including middle and old age. Conversely, physical or mental illness early in the life course stunts normal development during childhood/adolescence and is associated with disadvantaged socioeconomic status throughout adulthood.
The laplacian paradigm: emerging algorithms for massive graphs

This presentation describes an emerging paradigm for the design of efficient algorithms for massive graphs This paradigm, which we will refer to as the Laplacian Paradigm, is built on a recent suite of nearly-linear time primitives in spectral graph theory developed by Spielman and Teng, especially their solver for linear systems Ax=b, where A is the Laplacian matrix of a weighted, undirected n-vertex graph and b is an n-place vector. In the Laplacian Paradigm for solving a problem (on a massive graph), we reduce the optimization or computational problem to one or multiple linear algebraic problems that can be solved efficiently by applying the nearly-linear time Laplacian solver So far, the Laplacian paradigm already has some successes It has been applied to obtain nearly-linear-time algorithms for applications in semi-supervised learning, image process, web-spam detection, eigenvalue approximation, and for solving elliptic finite element systems It has also been used to design faster algorithms for generalized lossy flow computation and for random sampling of spanning trees. The goal of this presentation is to encourage more researchers to consider the use of the Laplacian Paradigm to develop faster algorithms for solving fundamental problems in combinatorial optimization (e.g., the computation of matchings, flows and cuts), in scientific computing (e.g., spectral approximation), in machine learning and data analysis (such as for web-spam detection and social network analysis), and in other applications that involve massive graphs.
PARA MAPEAR O CONFRONTO POLÍTICO

Diferentes formas de confronto politico, como movimentos sociais, revolucoes, mobilizacoes etnicas e ciclos de protesto compartilham algumas propriedades causais, mas tais similaridades foram obscurecidas pela fragmentacao disciplinar. Trabalhos recentes e esta nova revista - Mobilization - oferecem oportunidades para comparacao e sintese. Uma rede de pesquisadores vem realizando uma ampla pesquisa sobre confronto politico e espera produzir um mapa inteligivel do campo, uma sintese das pesquisas recentes, uma especificacao das "condicoes de ocorrencia" dos fenomenos para a validacao das teorias disponiveis e uma investigacao sobre as mudancas nas caracteristicas do confronto em todo o mundo. Discussoes sobre 1) movimentos sociais, ciclos e revolucoes; 2) identidades coletivas e redes sociais; 3) movimentos sociais e politica institucional e 4) globalizacao e confronto transacional ilustram a promessa e os perigos do empreendimento
Generation of CD3+CD8low Thymocytes in the HIV Type 1-Infected Thymus

Infection with the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) can result both in depletion of CD4(+) T cells and in the generation of dysfunctional CD8(+) T cells. In HIV-1-infected children, repopulation of the peripheral T cell pool is mediated by the thymus, which is itself susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Previous work has shown that MHC class I (MHC I) molecules are strongly up-regulated as result of IFN-alpha secretion in the HIV-1-infected thymus. We demonstrate in this study that increased MHC I up-regulation on thymic epithelial cells and double-positive CD3(-/int)CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes correlates with the generation of mature single-positive CD4(-)CD8(+) thymocytes that have low expression of CD8. Treatment of HIV-1-infected thymus with highly active antiretroviral therapy normalizes MHC I expression and surface CD8 expression on such CD4(-)CD8(+) thymocytes. In pediatric patients with possible HIV-1 infection of the thymus, a low CD3 percentage in the peripheral circulation is also associated with a CD8(low) phenotype on circulating CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, CD8(low) peripheral T cells from these HIV-1(+) pediatric patients are less responsive to stimulation by Ags from CMV. These data indicate that IFN-alpha-mediated MHC I up-regulation on thymic epithelial cells may lead to high avidity interactions with developing double-positive thymocytes and drive the selection of dysfunctional CD3(+)CD8(low) T cells. We suggest that this HIV-1-initiated selection process may contribute to the generation of dysfunctional CD8(+) T cells in HIV-1-infected patients.
Modulation of melanosomal activity by cisplatin: Characterization of a novel cellular machinery that may evade chemosensitivity

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 1487 Melanomas, derived from melanocytes, are intrinsically resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin. However, the potential role of melanogenesis in this intrinsic cisplatin resistance (ICR) in melanomas is unknown. In this study, we report an altered melanogenesis pathway that may be involved in ICR. Briefly, the melanotic melanoma cell line MNT-1 and several other melanoma cell lines (included in the NCI-60 cell panel) showed an approximately 13-fold increase in ICR compared with KB-3-1 (epidermoid carcinoma) cells. The ICR phenotype was associated with an Alexa Fluor® 488-cisplatin-accumulation defect in MNT-1 cells. Transient treatments of MNT-1 cells with cisplatin resulted in altered melanogenesis, which was manifested as a pronounced decrease in cellular proliferation concomitant with a dramatic increase (by 7.3-fold) in intracellular pigmentation and an increase (8-fold) in secretion of melanin-containing melanosomes as well as other organelles (such as altered lysosomes and mitochondria). The rate-limiting melanogenic enzymatic activity mediated by tyrosinase was increased 11-fold in cisplatin-treated MNT-1 cells, compared with non-treated cells. In addition, mass spectrometric analysis of secretory organelles confirmed the presence of the components that are involved in melanosome export. Thus, these data suggest that ICR in melanomas is associated with decreased accumulation of cisplatin, which may be mediated by either active cisplatin export and/or melanosome-mediated drug secretion.
Offering Hope and Making Attributions through YouTube: An Exploratory Ethnographic Content Analysis of the Social Change-Oriented “It Gets Better Project”

In response to multiple youth suicides, Dan Savage and Terry Miller founded a YouTube channel that later became the It Gets Better Project (IGBP). The ever-growing corpus of IGBP videos now includes over 50,000 “messages of hope” targeting at-risk LGBTQ and questioning youth. Employing Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) and the theoretical lens of attribution, this study offers insight into how LGBTQ bullying and harassment are discussed in the IGBP and to what they are internally and externally attributed. Findings revealed external attributions were more prevalent than internal attributions pertaining to types of harassment and bullying experienced as well as explanations of how “it gets better,” with a focus on institutions as both the cause of and remedy for bullying and harassment.
Expression of connexins in the normal and obstructed developing kidney

Connections between cells are achieved by proteins called connexins that comprise the gap junction. Connexins play a major role in organ development. Our reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies demonstrate that Cx30, Cx36, Cx37, Cx40, Cx45, Cx46, and Cx50 are expressed in the kidney. Quantitative RT-PCR indicates that Cx37, Cx45, and Cx46 are preferentially expressed during early renal development. We also explored the expression of connexins in neonatal unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). After 12 days of neonatal UUO, the renal mRNA expression of Cx30, Cx37, and Cx40 was significantly elevated. In contrast, there was no change in connexin renal mRNA levels in adult UUO. We conclude that multiple connexins are expressed in the rat kidney and several are aberrantly expressed in neonatal UUO.
Tremor in ostensibly normal elderly people

Tremor in ostensibly normal people, aged 70-91, was assessed clinically and electrophysiologically with the goal of estimating the prevalence of abnormal tremor. Fifty men and 50 women, mean age 76.0 +/- 4.7 yrs, were recruited through advertisements for healthy volunteers (n = 50 "biased" control subjects) and from the spouses of patients referred to us for dementia or Parkinson's disease (n = 50 "unbiased" control subjects). All participants were interviewed and examined by the author. Tremor was assessed quantitatively with rating scales, triaxial accelerometry, electromyography, a digitizing tablet, and spectral analysis. Twenty-three people (23%) were judged clinically to have mildly abnormal tremor resembling mild essential tremor. Twelve people with abnormal tremor belonged to the biased group and 11 were in the unbiased group. The clinical diagnosis of abnormal hand tremor correlated well with the presence of motor unit entrainment in the forearm EMG and with writing or drawing tremor that was measurable with a digitizing tablet. Only 10 of 23 people with abnormal tremor were aware of their tremor, and none had been diagnosed previously by a physician. Nine of 77 people (11.7%) with normal tremor had a parent or sibling with possible essential tremor, and five of the 23 people (21.7%) with abnormal tremor had this family history. Mild undiagnosed tremor, resembling essential tremor, is common in this age group.
The outcome of 625 pregnancies in women subjected to pelvic radium or roentgen irradiation

1 Six hundred and twenty-five pregnancies in women subjected to pelvic irradiation treatment have been studied to ascertain the influence of the irradiation upon the length of pregnancy and upon the health and development of the subsequent children. 2 Irradiation before conception may be followed by the birth of unhealthy or defective children. It cannot definitely be stated that such maternal treatment has a detrimental influence on the health of subsequent children. 3 Irradiation of the pregnant woman is extremely likely to be followed by the birth of seriously defective offspring. The frequency of these defects and their conformity to a type, of which microcephaly is the most common, strongly suggest that they are the result of the irradiation received by the embryos in utero. 4 It is believed that diagnostic curettage should always precede pelvic radiotherapy, in order to avoid possible irradiation of a growing embryo. 5 The conclusion is reached that the pregnant uterus should never be subjected to radiotherapeutic exposures. 6 It is further deemed advisable that should a growing embryo unwittingly be irradiated and its existence later be discovered, such a pregnancy should be terminated at the earliest possible moment.
Diverse Enzymological Patterns of Phenylalanine Biosynthesis in Pseudomonads Are Conserved in Parallel with Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology Groupings

l-Tyrosine biosynthesis in nature has proven to be an exceedingly diverse gestalt of variable biochemical routing, cofactor specificity of pathway dehydrogenases, and regulation. A detailed analysis of this enzymological patterning of l-tyrosine biosynthesis formed a basis for the clean separation of five taxa among species currently named Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, or Alcaligenes (Byng et al., J. Bacteriol. 144:247-257, 1980). These groupings paralleled taxa established independently by ribosomal ribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology relationships. It was later found that the distinctive allosteric control of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase in group V, a group dominated by most named species of Xanthomonas (Whitaker et al., J. Bacteriol. 145:752-759, 1981), was the most striking and convenient criterion of group V identity. Diversity in the biochemical routing of l-phenylalanine biosynthesis and regulation was also found, and phenylalanine patterning is in fact the best single enzymatic indicator of group IV (Pseudomonas diminuta and Pseudomonas vesicularis) identity. Enzymological patterning of l-phenylalanine biosynthesis allowed discrimination of still finer groupings consistently paralleling that achieved by the criterion of DNA/DNA hybridization. Accordingly, the five ribosomal ribonucleic acid/DNA homology groups further separate into eight DNA homology subgroups and into nine subgroups based upon phenylalanine pathway enzyme profiling. (Although both fluorescent and nonfluorescent species of group I pseudomonads fall into a common DNA homology group, fluorescent species were distinct from nonfluorescent species in our analysis.) Hence, phenylalanine patterning data provide a relatively fine-tuned probe of hierarchical level. The combined application of these various enzymological characterizations, feasibly carried out in crude extracts, offers a comprehensive and reliable definition of 11 pseudomonad subgroups, 2 of them being represented by species of Alcaligenes.
Abstract 3497: Benzyl isothiocyanate potentiates the in vivo anti-tumor effects of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer by targeting NF-kB and STAT3

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The persistent activation of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) contributes to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We have previously shown that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) down-regulates the activation of both NF-kB and STAT3 in pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro. In the present study we investigated whether the inhibition of these molecules by BITC could enhance gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in culture and antitumor activity of gemcitabine in vivo. Our results show that pretreatment of cells with BITC (2.5 µM) for 24 hours followed by gemcitabine (5 nM) for 72 h resulted in enhanced apoptosis in BxPC-3 and PanC-1 pancreatic cancer cells as compared with either agent alone. The IC50 of BITC and gemcitabine is 10 µM and 25 nM, respectively. Furthermore, phosphorylation (activation) of STAT3 at Tyr-705 & Ser-727 and NF-KB (Ser-536), which were increased by gemcitabine treatment, were significantly reduced in the combination treatment in BxPC-3 and PanC-1 cells. Interestingly, gemcitabine resistant BxPC-3 (BxPC-3-GR, IC50: 11µM) cells were equally sensitive (p<0.05) to BITC induced apoptosis as compared to BxPC-3 wild type cells (IC50: 10 µM). In addition, gemcitabine-induced DNA binding activity of NF-kB and STAT3 was significantly reduced in BxPC-3, BxPC-3-GR and PanC-1 cells as measured by EMSA and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, our in vivo results show that BITC (10 µmol; daily, oral) in combination with gemcitabine (40 mg/kg; i.p, every third day) was much more effective in suppressing tumor growth as compared with either agent alone in a BxPC-3 tumor xenograft model. Tumor volume (341 ± 20 vs 155 ± 9 mm3) and tumor weight (0.53 ± 0.01 vs 0.195 ± 0.006 g) were significantly reduced (54 % and 63 %, respectively) in BITC and gemcitabine combination treated mice as compared to control mice. Most importantly, our western blot and immunohistochemistry data shows that gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-KB (Ser-536) and STAT3 (Tyr-705) was completely inhibited in the tumors of mice treated with BITC and gemcitabine combination. These results provide strong evidence that inactivation of NF-KB and STAT3 signaling pathways by BITC could potentiate anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. [Supported in part by R01 grants CA106953 and CA129038 (to S.K.S) awarded by the National Cancer Institute]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3497. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3497
Transition and transformation: Nigerian familial formations in Ireland's spaces of regulation and regimentation

Abstract Beginning in the late 1990s, Ireland witnessed a phenomenal growth in the number of immigrants arriving in the country. Nigerian families constitute a part of this immigrant presence in Ireland, underlying a discernable contrast to previous patterns of male, or single migration from Nigeria. Based on a visual ethnographic work on Nigerian immigrant families in Ireland, this paper explores the dialogic relation between the Irish state and its Nigerian immigrant family subjects. On one hand, the paper evaluates regulatory immigration and citizenship policies, with a special focus on the institution of Direct Provision for asylum seekers in Ireland, to demonstrate how the Irish state suspends and alters generally applicable rights and laws based on the necessity to discourage the inflow of particular immigrants populations. On the other hand it examines how the motives for migration for the families in view, as well as the strategies and processes they deploy in negotiating citizenship present a str...
Force-free magnetic fields in the fluid interiors of neutron stars

I SHOW here that, in equilibrium, the magnetic field in the fluid interior of a neutron star satisfies the condition B×∇×B = 0, which is the usual condition for a field to be force free1. The significance of this result is that it places a great theoretical restriction in the possible structure of such fields. Restrictions such as this are important because it is still very difficult to deduce anything from observation about the magnetic fields inside neutron stars.
EXTRINSIC NERVES OF THE CHICKEN'S UTERUS (SHELL GLAND).

Eighty-six White Leghorn chickens were examined in a study of the neural components of the hen's uterus (shell gland). All nerves supplying the uterus were found to originate from only the left side of the body. Contributions from the sympathetic nervous system were supplied by the hypogastric nerve, which is the direct continuation of the aortic plexus, coursing along the hypogastric artery to the uterus. The parasympathetic pelvic nerves originate from the pelvic visceral rami of spinal nerves 30 — 33. The several ganglia and numerous nerves situated along the left pelvic nerve compose the left pelvic plexus. Nerves emanating from the left pelvic plexus course along the middle uterine and posterior uterine arteries to their termination on the uterus. The ganglia situated on the right pelvic nerve are not considered to constitute a right pelvic plexus, as they make no direct contribution to the reproductive system.
Identification of the 90 kDa substrate of rat liver type II casein kinase with the heat shock protein which binds steroid receptors

It was recently reported that the type II casein kinase of rat liver cytosol co-purified with a major 90 kDa substrate when subjected to gel filtration at low ionic strength. The identity of the 90 kDa substrate was unknown. We have verified this report and have shown that the 90 kDa substrate is recognized by a monoclonal antibody prepared against the 90 kDa heat shock protein. This ubiquitous phosphoprotein is known to increase in abundance in cells subjected to heat stress and has been shown to complex steroid receptors and certain retrovirus tyrosine kinases.
Optical Fibers For Structural Sensing Applications

Understanding of critical variables in coating properties and fiber design will allow optimization of sensing and communication performance in structurally embedded applications. The severe environmental requirements for optical fibers in smart-skin applications requires advanced research and development in fiber/coating systems. Several approaches to high temperature, thin coating systems are discussed. Optical fiber sensing systems further require a wide range of ability to couple or de-couple external perturbations from propagation characteristics. The effects of coating physical properties, such as modulus and cross-link density on this coupling are investigated.
Time-resolved infrared radiometry (TRIR) using a focal-plane array for characterization of hidden corrosion

A time-resolved infrared radiometry technique is developed which is applicable to detection of hidden corrosion in airframe structures and which implements an InSb focalplane array. The TRIR method can measure the loss of skin thickness due to corrosion and can also detect second layer corrosion when a sealant material is present at a lap joint. It has also been shown that the presence of corrosion product can be detected on the back surface of an aluminum plate free standing in air. Other experimental studies suggest that the presence of corrosion product, corrosion thinning of the plate and morphology changes at the aluminum-corrosion layer interface all affect the TRIR temperature-time signature. This raises the possibility of separating these contributions experimentally.
Isolation of cell plasma membranes on microcarrier culture beads.

Abstract A simple, efficient method for the purification of plasma membranes from cultured cells is presented. Membrane purification is effected by attachment of viable cells to commercially available microcarrier culture beads, followed by lysis of the cells, agitation on a vortex mixer and sonication. Optimal conditions for each step of the procedure are described. Enzyme markers from plasma membranes are purified 10–20-fold relative to whole cell homogenates while internal membrane markers are depleted 10–20-fold.
Variable Region Gene Use Determines the Affinity and Reactivity of Infant's anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b Polysaccharide Antibody (Hib PS Ab). • 684

Variable Region Gene Use Determines the Affinity and Reactivity of Infant's anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b Polysaccharide Antibody (Hib PS Ab). • 684
Cell type and tissue distribution of the fibroblast growth factor receptor

A receptor for fibroblast growth factor (aFGF, bFGF) was partially characterized in intact cell cultures, cell plasma membranes, and tissue plasma membrane preparations. Analysis of 24 different cell types from four species identified a 165-kDa FGF receptor present on the cell surface of most mesodermal and neuroectodermal cells. Chemical crosslinking of 125I-aFGF to its cell surface receptor was specifically blocked by a 100-fold molar excess of either aFGF or bFGF. In contrast to the similar molecular weight of FGF receptors, different cell types exhibited significant variations in binding of 125I-aFGF to intact cultures with low values of 8 pM and 700, to high values of 60 pM and 30,000, for the Kd and receptor number per cell, respectively. A binding assay was developed for quantitation of 125I-aFGF binding to cell- and tissue-derived membrane preparations. Membranes prepared from baby hamster kidney cells exhibited a Kd of 55 pM, while a similar Kd of 67 pM was determined for intact baby hamster kidney cells. Although ten different adult bovine tissue membrane preparations and human term placental membranes exhibited no specific binding of 125I-aFGF, FGF receptor was detected in embryonic murine tissues (17 days gestation). These results support the existence, in a variety of cells, of either a common FGF receptor that binds both aFGF and bFGF or closely related FGF receptors that cannot be distinguished by molecular weight. The differential binding of FGF to its receptor in embryonic vs. adult tissues suggests a potentially broad role for FGF in embryonic development and a more restrictive role in the adult.
Symmetry Analysis of Yurok, Karok, and Hupa Indian Basket Designs:

A classification of patterned design on Yurok, Karok, and Hupa baskets by the crystallographic symmetry classes which structure the design elements reveals that traditional designs, designated as “ours” by Yurok, Karok, and Hupa informants were recognized by these informants as “put together right” when they were consistently structured by two symmetries, p112 and pma2. Baskets said to be “not ours” were judged as “against the law” because, although they were also frequently structured by the two traditional symmetries, they were distinguishable by the addition of new colors and motifs. Ironically, despite the increasing breakup of California Indian society by white culture, turn-of-the century white collector demand for “authentic” baskets served to preserve the structure of the traditional design system. Collector demand enabled the Indians to make a living producing baskets, but these were only traditional in some aspects (structure) while other aspects were altered so that the “sale” baskets would be ...
Global and Local Buckling of a Sandwich Beam

A two-dimensional mechanical model is developed to predict the global and local buckling of a sandwich beam, using classical elasticity. The face sheet and the core are assumed as linear elastic isotropic continua in a state of planar deformation. The core is assumed to have two deformation modes: antisymmetrical and symmetrical with respect to the core geometric midplane. Characteristics of the two deformation modes and the corresponding buckling behavior are shown and it appears that they are identical when the buckling wavelength is short. The present analysis is compared with various previous analytical studies and corresponding experimental results. On the basis of the model developed here, validation and accuracy of several previous theories are discussed for different geometric and material properties of a sandwich beam. The results presented in this paper, verified through finite-element analysis and experiment, are an accurate prediction of the overall buckling behavior of a sandwich beam, for a wide range of material and geometric parameters.
Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of the reactions between bromodifluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and dibromofluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and trialkylphosphites

Abstract Bromofluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromides react with trialkylphosphites in two distinct ways. Bromodifluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide undergoes a rapid exchange reaction with trialkylphosphites to give the corresponding bromodifluoromethylphosphonates in good to excellent yields. A similar exchange reaction also occurred with an analogous diethoxyphenylphosphonite to give the corresponding ethoxyphenylphosphinate. Mechanistically, the exchange process involves the formation of difluorocarbene via dissociation of the intermediate difluoromethylene ylide, capture of the difluorocarbene by the trialkylphosphite to give [ ( RO ) 3 P + C F 2 − ] , which captures bromine followed by dealkylation to the product, bromodifluoromethylphosphonate. The equilibria involved in the multi-step mechanism are all shifted to the phosphonate product by the final dealkylation step. In contrast, the dibromofluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide does not under exchange reactions with trialkylphosphite. The phosphite serves as a halophilic reagent to abstract Br from the dibromofluoromethylphosphonium salt to generate the bromofluoromethylene ylide, which can easily be trapped in situ with aldehydes or ketones to give good yields of the E/Z-bromofluoroalkenes. No dissociation of the bromofluoromethylene ylide was observed.
Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Feminist Approach to Inpatient Treatment Using Jean Baker Miller's Relational Model

Women diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) may experience episodic crises characterized by intense states of disconnection from self and others. Crises which result in potential harm to self/others may require inpatient treatment. With economic emphasis on shorter lengths of stay, a treatment program or model which focuses on the DID patient's sense of connectedness to self and others can enhance treatment efforts during brief inpatient hospitalizations. The Relational Model of Jean Baker Miller uses mutuality and empowerment within the therapeutic relationship and inpatient milieu to move the patient beyond therapeutic impasse/crisis toward a state of greater connectedness to self and others.
Separation of Hydrocarbon Isomer Vapors with Silicalite Zeolite Membranes

The permeation behavior of n-octane, isooctane, and n-hexane vapors through continuous, silicalite zeolite membranes on porous alumina supports was investigated between 383 and 523 K. For binary and ternary mixtures, n-octane permeated through the membrane faster than either n-hexane or isooctane, and a selectivity for n-octane over isooctane of 40 was obtained in a ternary mixture at 413 K. Selectivity was a function of temperature, however, and lower selectivities were obtained above and below 413 K. The n-octane/n-hexane selectivity was 9 at 413 K and decreased with increasing temperature. Permeances were a strong function of other organics present in the feed. The permeance of n-octane increased a factor of 16 in the presence of isooctane and n-hexane. The pure component permeances thus could not be used to predict separations for mixtures. Whereas n-octane was always the faster permeating compound in mixtures, pure isooctane permeated up to 5 times faster than pure n-octane, and pure n-hexane permeat...
Free-vibration tests on rigid and flexible roofed cavity models with wall openings

Abstract Results are presented from free-vibration tests, in still air , on two Helmholtz resonator models, one with rigid walls and one with interchangeable rigid or flexible walls. The results differ from previous studies concerning Helmholtz resonance in building models because of the relative lengths of the orifices. Orifice inertia coefficients were determined from the measured Helmholtz frequency of rigid walled models; bulk modulus ratios were determined from the Helmholtz frequencies of flexible-walled resonators. Damping factors at the Helmholtz frequency, as a fraction of critical, were determined from free-vibration decay data. Acoustic radiation damping was shown to be negligible for the majority of configurations tested.
Periphyton Dynamics along a Stream with a Gradient of Human Impact

ABSTRACT The impact of anthropogenic development on periphytic communities was studied within Finkle Brook of Bolton Landing, New York. Finkle Brook is located in the Lake George watershed and has increasing anthropogenic development from the headwaters to the mouth. Periphyton was collected and quantified (as algae, bacteria, and fungi) from both natural and artificial substrates during the summer of 2007. On natural substrates, the headwater site supported the highest organic material but the least algal growth. On artificial substrates, the more developed downstream sites usually supported significantly more periphytic growth than the headwater site. Algal and fungal growth peaked early in the sampling period (June), whereas bacterial density and total organic material had the most accumulation at the end of the growing season (September). These results support the hypothesis that periphyton increases in biomass and changes in community structure as a response to factors associated with anthropogenic d...
Gender Differences among Parents Who Experience the Death of an Infant Weighing Less Than 500 Grams at Birth

Gender differences among parents experiencing the death of a live-born infant weighing less than 500 grams at birth have not been examined. This article presents the gender differences that were observed in a phenomenological study that examined the experiences of parents surrounding the death of a live-born infant weighing less than 500 grams at birth. A total of eighteen interviews were conducted with five mothers and three of their husbands between four and fifteen weeks after the loss. First, at the time of the loss, fathers reported a loss of control and a concern for the mother, and mothers reported extreme sadness. Second, as parents made the adjustment at home, fathers continued to show concern for the mother and coped by keeping busy. In comparison to fathers, mothers reported intense responses, coped by talking about the loss, experienced more difficult situations with others, such as being around infants, and had more difficulty making sense of the loss.
Assessment of Sting Effect on X-31 Aircraft Model Using CFD

The article describes the computational evaluation of the effect a belly mounted sting on the aerodynamics characteristics of an X-31 wind tunnel model. The investigation includes results of steady and time-dependent CFD analysis of the X-31 model with and without sting. The values of the steady lift and pitching moment coefficients as well as the pitching moment of model undergoing a manuever are compared to each other and to the wind tunnel data. The results of this analysis show the detrimental effect of sting on stability of the vortical structure above the wing as well as a substantial increase of noise in pitching moment data.
Mechanisms for producing lattice absorption: One or two?

Abstract Two mechanisms are generally recognized for producing infrared absorption in crystals (beyond the infinitely sharp, temperature-independent absorption at the “Reststrahl” or “T.O.” frequency). They are anharmonicity (AH) of the potential and a non-linear electric moment (NLM) induced by the ionic displacements. We argue that the two mechanisms are not independent but closely related, being both physically based on charge distortion. We show that presence of a NLM invariably implies existence of AH; conversely, AH implies an NLM whenever extended, rather than only point, charges exist in the lattice. Implications for attempts to separate the two mechanisms experimentally, or for theories that study the interaction of the two effects, are discussed.
Control of Selection Effects in the Evaluation of Social Problems.

Evaluations involving nonrandom assignment to treatment or control groups are vulnerable to an accidental or intentional confounding of a selection effect with the treatment effect. The resulting selection bias is compensated with two techniques, discriminant analysis and base expectancy analysis, which model the selection process that generates the treatment and control groups. These models permit separate estimation of the selection and treatment effects in the final results. These techniques are applied to the evaluation of a college program in a maximum-security prison.
On computing decision regions with neural nets

Recently, the capabilities, lim itations, and applications of feedforward networks have been studied. One of the introductory papers is [4] by Lippmann. In this paper, on page 16, it is claimed that “No number of nodes, however, can separate the meshed class regions in F ig. 14 with a two-layer perceptron.” However, he has underest imated the ability of a two-layer feedforward network. The results of Hornik, Stinchcombe, and Wh ite [3] show that a two-layer perceptron can approximate any continuous function arbitrarily closely. An alternate proof of their result can be found in Blum and Li [ 11, as well as a basic result on three-layer networks. This note gives a proof of separation of arbitrary disjoint compact regions by two-layer McCulloch-Pitts(Mc-P) networks based on the theorem given in [3]. F irst, we demonstrate how a two-layer MC-P network separates the case in F ig. 14 of L ippmann [4]. Then, we extend our result to arbitrary compact decision regions by the theorem of Hornik, Stinchcombe, and Wh ite [3]. F inally, we give an example and discuss the lim itations of two-layer nets with noncompact regions.
Mohs surgery and processing: novel optimizations and enhancements.

Objective.Simple yet effective modifications to Mohs surgery and processing may enhance procedural efficiency, ensure proper tissue orientation and tracking, while greatly reducing “recuts.” Using the methods described, Mohs specimens no longer need to be incised or excised with any bevel, thus cons
In situ alignment of carbon nanocoils and their field emission behavior induced by an electric field

The alignment of nanocoils by an electric field was observed in situ inside a focused ion beam microscope. This alignment occurred at relatively low fields, before the onset of electron field emission. The emission behavior of individual nanocoils was also studied using a field emission probe system. The robust coils reached high emission currents, with more than 10 μA coming from individual coils at fields stronger than 4 V/μm. The emission behavior, however, was not wholly consistent with conventional field emission theory. Analysis of the data showed non-linear Fowler–Nordheim behavior. This phenomenon is usually attributed to thermal effects, but numerical calculations show that cannot be the case. The data plotted linearly on a Schottky plot, which should not be possible due to Schottky temperature dependence and resistive heating during emission.
DMIX: A multifaceted environment for composing and performing computer music

Abstract The main function of any system for aiding musical composition is support of the creative process. Yet little is known about the inner process of musical creativity. This paper explains the rationale and principal design aspects of DMIX, an extensible musical composition and performance environment designed with special attention to supporting the creative process. DMIX adopts an approach which is more phenomenological and less formalistic than existing systems, and thus also includes some features not found elsewhere.
Force and power output of diaphragm muscle strips from mdx and control mice after clenbuterol treatment

Based on its anabolic properties, treatment with the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, clenbuterol, has been proposed as a strategy for ameliorating the symptoms of muscular dystrophy. In the dystrophic mdx mouse, only the diaphragm muscle exhibits progressive and severe degeneration in muscle structure and function similar to that observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We tested the hypothesis that 20 weeks of clenbuterol treatment ( approximately 1.5-2 mg kg(-1)day(-1)) would increase the force and power output of diaphragm muscle strips of 6-month-old mdx and control mice. At this age, the diaphragm muscles of mdx mice show extensive degeneration and impaired contractility compared with control mice. Clenbuterol treatment did not increase the normalized force or power output of diaphragm strips from either mdx or control mice. The degeneration and necrosis within the diaphragm muscle of mdx mice was also not ameliorated by clenbuterol treatment. The results indicate that clenbuterol treatment does not improve the structure or function of diaphragm muscles from mdx mice.
Nummular headache associated with focal hair heterochromia in a child

Nummular headache (NH) is a recently described headache syndrome where continuous or intermittent pain is localised to a coin-shaped region of the skull. NH can be a primary headache disorder or secondary to intracranial or extracranial pathology. We report a four-year-old boy who presented with nummular headache co-localised with a patch of discoloured hair and propose a common aetiology.
Design of micro resonator quantum well intensity modulator

A compact rectangular resonator quantum well intensity modulator for operation in the wavelength band around 1 μm is described. The modulator is realized using InGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped quantum wells and operates on the principles of index change caused by blue shifts of the absorption edge. High efficiency 90° bends are used to form the resonator and to provide optimal coupling to the external waveguide. The benefits are to reduce loss, to relax the lithography requirements and to provide more flexible contact designs to the modulator. The characteristics of the modulator are analyzed using MATLAB and FDTD simulation tools with refractive index profiles based on measured absorption parameters. A model including parasitics is developed for HSPICE transient simulations and is run in the AGILENT ADS environment. The performance parameters are determined to be an extinction ratio of 10.4 dB, a bandwidth of 33 GHz, and a dc power less than 1 mW for device dimensions of 16 × 6 μm2.
The relative importance of surface phenomena in CTR first-wall designs

Plasma-wall interactions are modeled using physical sputtering theory. Sputtering yields are calculated for incoming D-T ions that have a monoenergetic or Maxwellian distribution in energy. The yield curves assuming the Maxwellian energy distribution are flatter than the monoenergetic curves. The consequences of sputtering considered here are surface composition and microtopography changes of the first-wall surface. For the iron-carbon system, the surface becomes enriched with carbon when deuterons are incident on the target. The number of cycles for crack initiation at the first-wall surface is linearly proportional to differences in sputtering yield of two adjacent areas. These effects are of first order and appear to be dominant in limiting the life of the first wall.
The Radiochemical Analysis of Gaseous Samples (RAGS) apparatus for nuclear diagnostics at the national ignition facility

Radiochemical diagnostic methods are currently under development for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Samples in the gas-phase offer a direct method of collection by pumping out the large target chamber following a NIF shot and transporting the gas down-stream for further analysis. Ignition capsules will have a small amount (roughly 1015 atoms) of dopant added to the inner-most layers of the ablator shell. These elements will undergo nuclear activation from neutrons, deuterons, or alpha particles produced via the fusion process. For example, doping 124Xe and 127I in the shell will create activated xenon isotopes that can be correlated to the amount of fuel ρR and long-range mix in the capsule. We are building the Radiochemical Analysis of Gaseous Samples (RAGS) apparatus for collecting and analyzing activated gases produced via the ignition process. Following a shot, gases will be pumped out of the chamber and transported to a two-part system. The first part consists of a pre-filter that will remove particulates and other reactive gases. The second part is a cryogenic xenon collection station where xenon will be isolated, and will then either be removed for mass spectrometric analysis, or counted via gamma spectroscopy. Preliminary results from RAGS commissioning will be presented and future improvements to the apparatus will also be discussed.
Increased axonal transport in peripheral nerves of thiamine-deficient rats

Abstract Thiamine deficiency has been implicated as a signifccant contributing factor in the development of peripheral neuropathies in chronic alcoholic patients. We hypothezized that thiamine deficiency may lead to an alteration in axonal transport because it has been associated with “dying-back” neuropathies and its importance in neural tissue has been demonstrated with antimetabolites. To test this possibility rats were made thiamine-deficient by feeding a liquid diet lacking thiamine. Control rats were pair-fed a complete liquid diet. The deficiency developed after 3 to 4 weeks and was evidenced by anorexia, weight-loss, and a significant increase in the erythrocyte transketolase activity ratio. Also, the sural nerve conduction velocity was found to be significantly reduced in these animals (18.74 m/s) relative to that of pair-fed control rats (31.99 m/s). In vitro transport experiments utilizing dorsal root ganglia-sciatic nerve preparations indicated that twice as much [ 35 S]methionine-labeled protein accumulated at a ligation by fast transport in the thiamine-deficient rats as in nerves of their pair-fed controls. There was no difference in the level of incorporation of radioactive precursor into the dorsal root ganglia. The increase in transport suggests that thiamine deficiency per se has no detrimental effects on the transport machinery and process, but may indicate extensive regenerative activity in the distal portions of these axons.