cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective Electroless Copper Deposition within Block Copolymer Microdomains

We demonstrate a method for the directed formation of layered metallic copper structure within the subsurface morphology of a bulk lamellar block copolymer. Using an electroless deposition process, copper was selectively deposited inside the interconnected microdomain network of the water-permeable block containing preloaded palladium ions. The relatively simple process yields a novel nanoscale composite consisting of alternating layers of metallic copper with those of the hydrocarbon block matrix. The extent of the copper deposition can be controlled by adjusting the deposition rate and deposition time.
Modeling the Semantic and Pragmatic Evolution of ne … pas in French

L’assemblage de varietes linguistiques connu sous le nom de « francais standard » a evolue au fil du temps : en ancien francais on employait le mot « ne » seul en position preverbale, puis la construction composee « ne … pas », et maintenant « pas » seul en position postverbale. C’est un des exemples les plus connus du cycle de Jespersen (Jespersen 1917, Dahl 1979), et un des changements syntaxiques les plus connus dans la langue francaise. Yvon (1960) et autres en a fait l’objet des etudes de petit corpus en ancien francais, et Martineau et Mougeon (2003) aux debuts du francais moderne. Ashby (1981, 2001) a etudie les etapes recentes d’une perspective variationniste. Schweighauser (1858) a trace les origines des formes negatives en francais a des substantifs exprimant « un objet d’une valeur nulle ou tres-minime ». Selon Schwenter (2006), ces expressions avaient la fonction de « rejeter une implicature » par l’invocation des modeles scalaires dans la pensee du locuteur. Schwenter pretend que dans l’etape suivant de la negation dite « renforcee », on employait les constructions composees pour rejeter une presupposition, et plus tard pour la negation descriptive simple. Pour une etude de la negation en francais, j’ai assemble un corpus de textes dramatiques en francais, de la piece la plus ancienne (ca. 1160) au debut du vingtieme siecle. Meme dans le douzieme siecle, les dramaturges employait ne … pas pour rejeter une presupposition, mais non plus pour rejeter une implicature ou indiquer un objet de valeur minime. On arrive donc a l’hypothese que dans ce corpus il y a un seuil ou on commence a employer « ne … pas » pour exprimer la negation descriptive. J’ai releve toutes les instances de negation declarative de phrase dans le corpus, et je les ai classifiees comme rejetant une presupposition, niant une phrase d’une facon descriptive (il y a aussi un petit nombre de phrases qui servent a rejeter une proposition explicite), ou bien ambigues entre les deux interpretations. Avant le XVIIe siecle, la grande majorite des negations descriptives et les phrases ambigues employaient le mot « ne » seul, et les rejets de presupposition s’exprimaient avec une des constructions composees. Des le XVIIe siecle, les dramaturges commencent a employer « ne … pas » de plus en plus, dans les phrases ambigues d’abord, et puis dans les negations descriptives.
A sex difference in the recognition level of words

The results from a wide variety of nonverbal visual perception studies have demonstrated that males performed better than females. However, indirect evidence indicated that, for visual perception tasks involving words, females performed better than males. The present study was an attempt to test directly for any sex difference in the recognition level of 23 words. Males were found to have lower mean recognition scores both for the average across the 23 stimuli (.05 < p <.10) and for 20 of the 23 words when each was examined separately (eight of which were significant at better than the.05 level). In addition, a significant number of males had recognition scores below the median for the total sample (p <.05). These results were discussed in terms of the possibility that this difference was determined by (a) either inherent or experiential variables, and (b) differences either in the ability to organize stimuli or in the tendency to respond to partial cues.
Intravascular lymphoma presenting with cauda equina syndrome: treated with CHOP and rituxan.

(2003). Intravascular Lymphoma Presenting with Cauda Equina Syndrome: Treated with CHOP and Rituxan. Leukemia & Lymphoma: Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 887-888.
Ken Gergen as History: Some Personal Reflections

A biographical account of 45 years of professional development of Kenneth J. Gergen, as seen through the eyes of his colleague and wife, Mary Gergen.
Low usage rate of banked sibling cord blood units in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children with hematological malignancies: Implications for directed cord blood banking policies

Abstract Directed sibling cord blood banking is indicated in women delivering healthy babies who already have a sibling with a disease that is potentially treatable with an allogeneic cord blood transplant. We evaluated the effectiveness of a national directed cord blood banking program in sibling HLA-identical stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies and the factors influencing the usage rate of the stored cord blood units. Fifty families were enrolled from which, 48 cord blood units were successfully collected and 2 collections failed due to damaged cord/placenta at delivery. Among enrolled families 4 children needed transplantation; however, only one was successfully transplanted using the collected cord blood unit containing 2 × 107 nucleated cells/kg in conjunction with a small volume of bone marrow from the same HLA-identical donor. Two children received grafts from matched unrelated donors because their sibling cord blood was HLA-haploidentical, while the fourth one received bone marrow from his HLA-identical brother, since cord blood could not be collected due to damaged cord/placenta at delivery. With a median follow-up of 6 years (range, 2–12) for the 9 remaining HLA-matched cord blood units, none from the prospective recipients needed transplantation. The low utilization rate of sibling cord blood in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric hematological malignant diseases necessitates the development of directed cord blood banking programs that limit long-term storage for banked cord blood units with low probability of usage such as non-HLA-identical or identical to patients who are in long-term complete remission.
Optimal node ranking of trees

Abstract We discuss the problem of ranking nodes of a tree, which is a restriction of the general node coloring problem. A tree is said to have rank number k if its vertices can be ranked using the integers 1, 2,…,k such that if two nodes have the same rank i, then there is a node with rank greater than i on the path between the two nodes. The optimal rank number of a tree gives the minimum height of its node separator tree. We present an O(n log n) algorithm for optimal node ranking of trees.
Optimization of Stiffness and Damping in Modeling of Voluntary Elbow Flexions

A subsequent study of obstructed voluntary arm movement extended the relative damping concept, and incorporated the influential factors of the mechanical behavior of the neural, muscular and skeletal system in the control and coordination of arm posture and movement. A significant problem of the study is how this information should be used to modify control signals to achieve desired performance. This study used an Equilibrium Point Hypothesis (EPH) model to examine changes of controlling signals for arm movements in the context of adding perturbation/load in the form of forces/torques. The mechanical properties and reflex actions of muscles of the elbow joint were examined. Brief unexpected torque/force pulses of identical magnitude and time duration were introduced at different stages of the movement in a random order by a pre-programmed 3 degree of freedom (DOF) robotic arm (MOOG FCS HapticMaster). Key to this research is the optimization of B and K for each subject based on their HM only experimental data. The results shown in each of sections confirm that those parameters. Along with an EMG determined VT can be used successfully to model the perturbed trials. The results also show that the subjects may maintain the same control parameters (virtual trajectory, stiffness and damping) regardless of added perturbations that cause substantial changes in EMG activity and kinematics.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Structural Pluralism and the Community Context: How and When Does the Environment Matter?

Several long-standing theories intersect in discussing the impact of community characteristics and of the mass media. The structural pluralism model popularized by Tichenor and his colleagues says that social structure influences how mass media operate in communities because they respond to how power is distributed in the social system, whereas the linear model says that the increasing size of a community's population leads to more social differentiation and diversity and corresponding increases in subcultures with their own beliefs, customs, and behaviors. Recently, there has been a concern about how changes in society have led to a decline in organizational activity and the network of relationships and trust that constitute “social capital.” This article examines the impact of population and diversity (using census data) on individuals’ media use, interpersonal discussion and civic engagement (measured in a national survey), and the relationship among these variables. Analysis of a structural model prov...
Destruction of hearing aid by lightning strike

Abstract A 20-year-old woman was struck by lightning while seeking shelter under a tree. The discharge emtered at the site of the victim's behind-the-ear type hearing aid, destroying it. She suffered cardiorespiratory arrest, burns, left ventricular fallure, and myoglobinuria, yet recovered fully. It is widely known that carrying a metallic object such as an umbrella or golf club above one's head increases the risk of being struck. However, few people know that small metallic objects worn on the head are similarly dangerous. Persons caught outside in a lightning storm might decrease the probability of being struck by removing all metallic objects from their head.
Design and control of a magnetic pendulum actuator

Most magnetic pendulums are driven at the bottom of the pendulum arm as they cross through the lowest point of their swing. The present design had to be driven close to the anchor point of the arm because of operational constraints. With a mass up to 12 kg, the actuator was required to increase the swing gradually until the arm reached a maximum ±18° swing, then keep it swinging at that angle. Additional requirements include detection of the mass, adjustment of forces to the mass and control of overshoot. As a safety mechanism, the swing is started by hand, by moving the mass a certain distance from the rest point and a shutoff mechanism in case the arm swings more than 25° in either direction. Operation is from a low voltage source and may also operate from rechargeable batteries requiring power optimization.
Rhythms of the herd: Long term dynamics in seed choice by Indian farmers

Scholars in many disciplines have approached the question of how humans combine environmental learning (or empirical assessments) and social learning (or emulation) in choosing technologies. As both a consumer item and the subject of local indigenous knowledge, commercial crop seeds provide a valuable window into these processes. Previous research on seed choices by cotton farmers in Andhra Pradesh, India, uncovered short-term seed fads, or herding, indicating agricultural deskilling in which environmental learning had broken down. Unknown was if the faddism (and the underlying deskilling) would continue or even be exacerbated by the spread of genetically modified seeds. Data covering 11 years of seed choices in the same sample villages are now available; we combine analysis of this unusual data set with ethnographic observation. We find that herding has continued and intensified. We also find an unexpected emergent pattern of cyclical fads; these resemble classic models of successive innovation adoption where periodicity is introduced from outside the system, but we argue that it periodicity is actually generated by an internal dynamic.
Secure Key Management Architecture Against Sensor-Node Fabrication Attacks

In lightweight mobile ad hoc networks, both probabilistic and deterministic key management schemes are fragile to node fabrication attacks. Our simulation results show that the Successful Attack Probability (SAP) can be as high as 42.6% with the fabrication of only 6 copies from captured nodes comprising only 3% of all nodes. In this paper, we propose two low-cost secure-architecture-based techniques to improve the security against such node fabrication attacks. Our new architectures, specifically targeted at the sensor-node platform, protect long-term keys using a root of trust embedded in the hardware System-on-a-Chip (SoC). This prevents an adversary from extracting these protected long-term keys from a captured node to fabricate new nodes. The extensive simulation results show that the proposed architecture can significantly decrease the SAP and increase the security level of key management for mobile ad hoc networks.
Exchange between suspended and sinking particles in the northwest Mediterranean as inferred from the organic composition of in situ pump and sediment trap samples

The extent to which sinking particles disaggregate and exchange with surrounding material affects the efficiency of particulate organic carbon export to the deep sea. In 2003 and 2005, we compared the pigment and amino acid compositions of sediment trap and in situ pump samples collected in the northwest Mediterranean Sea to assess exchange between sinking and suspended particles. While sediment traps collected only sinking particles, in situ pumps collected both larger (. 70-mm) particles, believed to represent the sinking fraction, as well as smaller (1–70-mm) particles, believed to represent the suspended fraction. The organic compound compositions of sinking and suspended particles were very different and remained consistently so with depth, suggesting that exchange between them was limited. This difference was particularly pronounced during the high flux periods in spring. Sinking particles appeared to be composed of many fecal pellets and a few phytoplankton aggregates, and were enriched in diatom indicators. Suspended particles appeared to be more enriched in fresh phytoplankton and contained indicators of calcium carbonate–bearing organisms. During the low-flux summer period, the contribution of fecal pellet indicators to sinking particles was lower, whereas the contribution of microbial degradation products in both particle types was higher, possibly indicating greater exchange during periods of low flux when fecal pellets were not as abundant. Results from this study suggest that fecal pellets, although already degraded upon formation, are more robust than phytoplankton aggregates and, therefore, more likely to resist disaggregation and further decomposition during transit through the water column.
Novel cell proliferation marker for identification of a growth center in the developing human cricoid.

Background Developmental histomorphology of the human cricoid cartilage has never been well described. Regional growth centers in the cricoid have been hypothesized, but have never been demonstrated in histological sections. Objectives To apply Mib-1 immunostaining, a monoclonal antibody directed at a nuclear proliferation marker, in human cricoids to identify a growth center and to study the changing histomorphology of the developing cricoid. Design Immunohistochemical Mib-1 studies were performed on postmortem cricoid sections of 2 fetuses (gestational age, 18.5 and 33 weeks), 1 newborn (full term, 41 weeks), and 3 children (aged 1, 4, and 13 years, respectively). Cell counts, surface areas, and organizational patterns of the chondrocytes were studied and described in hemotoxylin-eosin–stained sections. Results Differential Mib-1 staining was found. The 18.5-week fetus showed diffuse cell proliferation throughout the cricoid. The cricoid sections of the 33-week fetus and 1-year-old child revealed a distinct ring of proliferation in the outer third of the cricoid ring. The 4- and 13-year-old exhibited no cell proliferation. Histomorphologically, with increasing age came chondrocyte hypertrophy, decreasing cell count per standard square, and increasing organization from a scattered to radial columnar pattern. Conclusions Growth of the cricoid involves a diffuse pattern of cell proliferation throughout the cricoid in fetal tissue. At term and until age 1 year, the region of proliferation is more restricted to the outer subperichondrial surface. By age 4 years, cell proliferation has stopped. Histomorphologic changes in the developing cricoid include decreasing cell counts per standard unit area, but increasing surface area with age. The aging chondrocytes develop an increasingly organized layout to form a radially arranged columnar pattern similar to that in the growth plate of the developing limb bud.
Unrecognized suicidal ideation in ED patients: are we missing an opportunity?

Abstract Objective To determine whether patients who disclosed suicidal ideation during a health-risk survey had their mental health symptoms documented by physicians and were given mental health referrals and to evaluate how many of these patients subsequently attempted suicide. Methods As part of a larger survey, patients responded to questions on a computer kiosk about general health risk behaviors and mental health symptoms. Fifteen months after initiating the survey, we reviewed medical records on those patients who had disclosed suicidal ideation. A standardized abstraction sheet was used to collect data regarding the ED diagnosis at the time of enrollment, physician documentation of suicidal ideation, and referral to psychiatric services, as well as subsequent ED and clinic visits and suicide attempts. Results Of the 165 patients who disclosed suicidal ideation on the computer survey, 118 charts (72%) were available. During the index ED visit, only 25% of patients had suicidal ideation or other mental health issues noted on the chart. The majority (76%) of patients were discharged home, 10% were transferred to psychiatric services, and 3% were admitted for medical reasons. Although 72 patients had no future visits to the ED or other hospital-affiliated clinics, 39% of patients had at least one subsequent visit to the ED, and 17% had at least one visit to the psychiatric services. Four patients attempted suicide after their initial index visit to the ED. Conclusion Suicidal ideation was self-disclosed frequently by waiting room patients in our urban ED, and patients who disclosed suicidal ideation did not always receive referrals for mental health services.
Modulation of basic fibroblast growth factor effect by retinoic acid in cultured retinal pigment epithelium

PURPOSE. We investigated the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-stimulated proliferation of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells and of 125 I-bFGF-binding to the bFGF plasma membrane receptors of hRPE. METHODS. Proliferation of hRPE cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of bFGF and bFGF + RA was measured by 3 H-thymidine incorporation into hRPE cells. To characterize bFGF receptors, hRPE cells were incubated at 4°C with 125 I-bFGF in the presence or absence of heparin. RESULTS. Basic-FGF stimulated 3 H-thymidine incorporation into hRPE cells in a dose-dependent manner. RA inhibited bFGF-stimulated 3 H-thymidine incorporation in the presence or absence of heparin. Increasing concentrations of unlabeled bFGF decreased the binding of 125 I-bFGF to hRPE cells. Scatchard analysis indicated the presence of high and low affinity binding sites for bFGF with an apparent affinity K d of 50 pM and 330 pM, respectively, and a binding capacity (B max) o...
Of ITAMs and ITIMs: Turning On and Off the B Cell Antigen Receptor

For any given receptor, there are mechanisms that regulate the activation of signal transduction pathways, as well as mechanisms that extinguish those signaling pathways. Responding to environmental signals requires that both positive and negative regulation proceed in an ordered manner. Much research has focused on lymphocyte antigen receptorinduced signal transduction pathways, and an understanding of some of the initial events has been gained. The mechanisms that terminate signaling are equally important but less well understood. The inability to properly extinguish activation cascades may result in inappropriate responses and perhaps even cell death. Concerning lymphocyte antigen receptors, antigen recognition results in the activation of intracellular protein tyrosine kinases, particularly members of the Src family kinases, as well as the ZAP-70/syk kinases. The key to antigeninduced signal transduction is the phosphorylation of critical tyrosines within the cytoplasmic domains of the TCR
Competition, cooperation, and the neighboring farmer effect

Abstract In this paper we propose a model that explains how cooperation can emerge spontaneously between firms in a highly competitive market environment. The basic idea is that the more competitive is the market, the less costly it is for firms to help each other like good neighbors. Cooperation takes the form of sharing technical know-how, which speeds up the adoption of new technologies (normally developed elsewhere) that spur industrial development. The model comports with the development history of Japan's first example of successful industrial development – its cotton spinning industry – whose conditions match those of firms in small open economies today.
The α → β polytypic transformation in high-temperature indented SiC

High-quality single crystals of 6H–SiC have been indented at 1170 °C in vacuum. A TEM study of the indented regions shows that a 6H → 3C polytypic transformation has occurred, further confirming that this phase transformation can be induced by an applied stress.
Screening for aneuploidy: the genetic sonogram

The increase in the use of ultrasonography in the practice of obstetrics, even over the past 10 years, has been remarkable. The application of this technology in the area of prenatal diagnosis has added so much to this aspect of obstetrics that many obstetricians now devote their entire practice to this aspect of obstetrics alone. The use of ultrasound for prenatal diagnosis is appealing for many reasons. Its safety and noninvasive characteristics are certainly two of its most desirable traits. But for many patients, an ultrasound examination provides reassurance that cannot be explained by scientific facts. At least daily in our practice, a high-risk patient presents for her comprehensive ultrasound, and after being counseled at length regarding the limitations and benefits of ultrasound in the detection of aneuploidy, still asks at the end of the examination, ‘‘Do you think the baby has Down syndrome’’? Some patients seem to believe that despite the explanation of the situation, if the baby did have Down syndrome, we would know. Certainly patients are not the only people who believe this. Many obstetricians believe ultrasound to have a sensitivity and specificity that is superior to what is reported in the medical literature. Ultrasound is an excellent tool, but it is far from perfect. Like other diagnostic tools, if its strengths and weaknesses are not understood, its use can cause harm to patients. If patients are falsely reassured by an ultrasound examination, they may decide to forego definitive testing when that is indeed what they desire. Equally worrisome is the patient who is counseled that a particular finding has more significance than it does, and she decides to have an invasive test that is not indicated and not really desired. In the current intense medicolegal environment, often medical recommendations are made more to protect the providers from possible litigation than they are based on true medical opinion. Clearly, an in
Timing-driven placement by grid-warping

Grid-warping is a recent placement strategy based on a novel physical analogy: rather than move the gates to optimize their location, it elastically deforms a model of the 2-D chip surface on which the gates have been coarsely placed via a standard quadratic solve. In this paper, we introduce a timing-driven grid-warping formulation that incorporates slack-sensitivity-based net weighting. Given inevitable concerns about wirelength and runtime degradation in any timing-driven scheme, we also incorporate a more efficient net model and an integrated local improvement ("rewarping") step. An implementation of these ideas, Warp2, can improve worst-case negative slack by 37% on average, with very modest increases in wirelength and runtime.
Detecting Group Turn Patterns in Conversations Using Audio-Video Change Scale-Space

Automatic analysis of conversations is important for extracting high-level descriptions of meetings. In this work, as an alternative to linguistic approaches, we develop a novel, purely bottom-up representation, constructed from both audio and video signals that help us characterize and build a rich description of the content at multiple temporal scales. We consider the evolution of the detected change, using Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) at multiple temporal scales to build an audio-visual change scale space. Peaks detected in this representation, yields group-turn based conversational changes at different temporal scales. Conversation overlaps, changes and their inferred models offer an intermediate-level description of meeting videos that can be useful in summarization and indexing of meetings. Results on NIST meeting room dataset showed a true positive rate of 88%
Basic principles in the use of prophylactic antibiotics

The prophylactic administration of antibiotic to the surgical patient is generally indicated whenever complicating infection of the incision or coelom to be violated is associated with a significant morbidity and/or mortality rate. For maximal benefit, antibiotic must be in the tissues at risk just prior to and throughout the entire period of bacterial contamination. When a parenteral route for delivery is uncertain, as in the case of shock or a burn wound, then topical application becomes a practical alternative. Only hospital surveillance, however, can dictate which patients and which surgical procedures warrant prophylactic antibiotic. Intelligently implemented, such a preventive programme can reduce significantly total expenditure for surgical health care.
Statistical moments of Rayleigh scattered fields in porous fiber reinforced composites

A Monte Carlo model is developed that allows the examination of statistical moments of the backscattered field from Rayleigh scatterers embedded in a fiber-reinforced composite laminate. The void-free composite is modeled as a continuously varying medium, while the porosity is considered to be monopole scatterers randomly disbursed in the sample. As a check on the model, first-order statistical moments are calculated and compared to field measurements from PMR-15 laminates. >
Recidivism and Use of Services Among Persons With Mental Illness After Release From Prison

OBJECTIVE: Despite large numbers of mentally ill offenders in prisons, few studies of mentally ill offenders released from prison have been conducted. This study describes such a population of mentally ill offenders, the postrelease services they received, new offenses they committed, and factors associated with recidivism. METHODS: The authors reviewed electronic files and archived medical charts from the state corrections department to identify mentally ill offenders who left Washington state prisons in 1996 and 1997. Data on the individuals identified were then provided by several public agencies. Summary statistics were computed on subjects' characteristics and postrelease outcomes, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables that predicted convictions of new felonies and new crimes against persons. RESULTS: A total of 337 mental ill offenders were identified. Men and women differed with regard to offenses, diagnoses, rates of drug abuse, and use of mental health resources. Althoug...
Non-random Wireless Network Coding

Network coding (NC) has been shown to improve throughput, minimize delay and economize the energy requirements in wireless networks. This paper develops a non-random approach to wireless linear NC problem. The proposed approach works by "time-unwrapping" a wireless node to develop a wired-equivalent model that helps solve for the wireless NC through purely algebraic arguments. It incorporate realistic constraints, including omni directionality of transmissions, half-duplex operation and interference effects. A faster branch and bound based algorithm is also developed that, within some constraints, efficiently finds the optimal wireless NC.
Counting the shots: a model for immunization screening and referral in nonmedical settings.

Background Clinics of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) have become important partners in efforts to improve vaccination coverage in low income children. However, the time required to assess all antigens in each child's vaccination record may exceed the capacity of many of these clinics. Seeking a solution, experts recommended assessing up-to-date (UTD) status only for the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine and treating this as a proxy measure for all vaccines in the childhood schedule. Whether this single vaccine screening method represents an acceptable alternative to the traditional multiple-vaccine method as a basis for improving overall immunization coverage levels in this vulnerable population has not been demonstrated. Objective To evaluate the validity of the proposed simplified method for assessing immunization status in a nationally representative population of infants and children who had ever been enrolled in WIC before 35 months old. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2000 National Immunization Survey representing children ages 3 to 24 months who had ever been enrolled in WIC. For the 6277 children in the study population, we compared personal records of completion status for DTaP with personal records of completion status for all immunizations appropriate for age in the combination 4:3:1:3 schedule to see which of the 2 (single vs multiple screening) methods would better predict the child's true (provider-reported) status for the 4:3:1:3 series. The main outcome measures were the comparative sensitivity, specificity, and overall test efficiency of the 2 methods in correctly identifying underimmunized WIC children. Results Completion status for DTaP was less sensitive than completion status for all vaccinations in correctly identifying truly underimmunized children (sensitivity = 70% and 77%, respectively). However, it was more specific in correctly identifying children who were truly UTD for age (specificity = 86% and 82%, respectively). The 2 methods were essentially identical with respect to overall test efficiency (82% and 81% for DTaP assessment and assessment of all vaccines, respectively). Conclusions Given limited resources to do immunization screening and referral in nonmedical settings such as WIC, simplifying the process by using DTaP from the personal vaccination record as a proxy for the 4:3:1:3 series is a viable option. Loss in sensitivity may well be offset by gains in the capacity of WIC clinics to screen more children.
The Moore--Penrose Generalized Inverse for Sums of Matrices

In this paper we exhibit, under suitable conditions, a neat relationship between the Moore--Penrose generalized inverse of a sum of two matrices and the Moore--Penrose generalized inverses of the individual terms. We include an application to the parallel sum of matrices.
A Scalable Checkpoint Encoding Algorithm for Diskless Checkpointing

Diskless checkpointing is an efficient technique to save the state of a long running application in a distributed environment without relying on stable storage. In this paper, we introduce several scalable encoding strategies into diskless checkpointing and reduce the overhead to survive k failures in p processes from 2[logp].k((beta + 2gamma)m + alpha) to (1 + O(1/radic(m))).k(beta + 2gamma)m, where a is the communication latency, 1/beta is the network bandwidth between processes, 1/gamma is the rate to perform calculations, and m is the size of local checkpoint per process. The introduced algorithm is scalable in the sense that the overhead to survive k failures in p processes does not increase as the number of processes p increases. We evaluate the performance overhead of the introduced algorithm by using a preconditioned conjugate gradient equation solver as an example. Experimental results demonstrate that the introduced techniques are highly scalable.
LAT (lidocaine-adrenaline-tetracaine) versus TAC (tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine) for topical anesthesia in face and scalp lacerations☆

The study objective was to compare the topical anesthetic LAT (4% lidocaine, 1:2,000 adrenaline, 1% tetracaine) to TAC (0.5% tetracaine, 1:2,000 adrenaline, 11.8% cocaine) for efficacy, adverse effects, and costs. The study design was a randomized, prospective, double blind clinical trial set in an inner-city emergency department with an emergency medicine residency program. Adults with linear lacerations of the face or scalp were eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients had lacerations anesthetized with topical TAC or LAT according to a random numbers table. A total of 95 patients were included in the study with 47 receiving TAC and 48 receiving LAT. Patients stated the number of sutures causing pain and patients and physicians rated the overall pain of suturing using a standard visual analog scale (VAS). The power of the study to determine a ranked sum difference of 15 was 0.8. Visual analog scale results and number and percentage of sutures causing pain were compared using Wilcoxon's Rank Sum Test. According to patients, the percentage of sutures causing pain was significantly fewer for LAT than TAC (P = .036, Interquartile Range 0.13 to 0.0 for LAT, 0.25 to 0 for TAC). Physicians found LAT statistically more effective than TAC (P = .0093, Interquartile Range 1 to 0 for LAT, 2 to 0 for TAC) but patients did not report a difference (P = .266, Interquartile Range 1 to 0 for both LAT and TAC). Our cost per application was $3.00 for LAT compared to $35.00 for TAC. Follow-up was accomplished in 91 of 95 patients (95%) with no reported complications for either medication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Advertising at the Crossroads: How it Must Change in the Next Century

Changes in markets, the competitive environment, organizational design, and technology that are already underway will profoundly alter the nature of advertising in the 21st Century. The present paper provides a review off these changes and offers a discussion of their likely impact on both the context and execution of advertising in the next century. Opportunities for research to guide future advertising practice and theory building are identified.
Final-state interaction in (/sup 3/He,/sup 2/He) reactions

The two protons from /sup 2/He breakup following (/sup 3/He,/sup 2/He) reactions were detected in coincidence, and energy and angular correlations between them were studied and compared with predictions of the final-state interaction theories of Watson and Migdal and Phillips, Griffy, and Biedenharn. The angular correlation between the breakup protons drops off much faster than predicted by these theories; a final-state interaction empirically derived to fit the angular correlation is sharply peaked at a breakup energy approx. =0.6 MeV and is quite narrow. Energy distributions of the protons have a dip at the center for small correlation angles which disappears at larger angles. This is well predicted by all final-state interaction theories but the slopes of these distributions are much better fit by the empirical final-state interaction than by Watson and Migdal or by Phillips, Griffy, and Biedenharn. By maintaining a constant small correlation angle (proton detectors close together), /sup 2/He angular distributions were measured and found to be in good agreement with distorted-wave Born-approximation predictions.
Effect of acetylcholine on renin secretion in salt-depleted dogs.

SummaryIn anesthetized salt-depleted dogs, renal venous renin activity correlated directly with renal vascular resistance and inversely with RPF, but not with arterial blood pressure, GFR, filtration fraction, urine flow, or sodium excretion. Acetylcholine, 50–100 μg/min, infused directly into a renal artery caused significant vasodilation and natriuresis, but no significant, change in renal venous renin for the group as a whole. However, definite inhibition of renin release was observed in the 3 dogs with the highest control renal resistance. For the entire group, cessation of acetylcholine infusion was followed by a transient significant increase of renin above the initial control value. The data do not support the hypothesis that vasoconstriction is the major stimulus to renin release during salt depletion, but do not rule it out because of the possibility that acetylcholine might induce simultaneous opposing effects, one inhibiting and the other stimulating renin release.
Biological Activity of Azadirachtin., Three Derivatives., and Their Ultraviolet Radiation Degradation Products Against Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Azadirachtin and three of its derivatives were injected orally into mature (fifth instar) larvae of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Noctuidae). At the lowest dose tested (0.5 µg) azadirachtin, 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin, and 2′,3′,22,23-tetrahydroazadirachtin, but not 3-deacetylazadirachtin, were significantly active. At a dose of 1.0 µg, all four compounds were effective in preventing pupation of the fifth instar and in causing larval mortality. At higher doses (2.0 and 4.0 µg), all four compounds were equally effective, causing 100% larval mortality. The same four compounds were exposed to ultraviolet radiation and analyzed for structural degradation and concomitant loss of biological activity. Of the four compounds tested, 2′,3′,22,23-tetrahydroazadirachtin was the most stable to ultraviolet radiation, remaining structurally unaltered and retaining full biological activity following 200 h of exposure. 2′,3′,22,23-tetrahydroazadirachtin photo degraded by 15% following 400 h of exposure, resulting in a significant decrease in biological activity. Although very little azadirachtin, 3-deacetylazadirachtin, and 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin remained intact following only 90 h of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, all three retained full biological activity. At least 200 h of exposure to ultraviolet radiation was necessary to significantly reduce the biological activity of azadirachtin, and at least 400 h of exposure was required to reduce the biological activities of 3-deacetylazadirachtin and 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin. These results suggest that one or more of the photodegradation products, likely involving the tigloyl moiety, are at least as biologically active as the native molecules.
Excitability of muscle to direct and indirect stimulation during prolonged direct stimulation.

Although electrical stimulation is used widely in diagnosis and in physical therapy and is the only practical procedure to test muscle function in animals, the effects of prolonged direct stimulation have not been studied extensively.Alternating 60-cycle current was used in 3 independent but in phase circuits for stimulation through 3 pairs of electrodes, the first pair being inserted into the knee and tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle in situ of anesthetized rats (nembutal) and cats (dial), (D1 electrodes); the second pair (D2) inserted into the muscle itself at its upper and lower ends; the third pair (I) being employed for stimulation of the peripheral end of the cut sciatic nerve. The strength of the stimulus was adjusted with a rheostat and measured by a volt meter; in addition, the resistance in the muscle was measured by means of an oscilloscope in a shunt parallel to the muscle. Stimulation was continued either with D1 or with D2 until the muscle length reached the pre-stimulus resting value. Dur...
Radiology of epiploic appendages: acute appendagitis, post-infarcted appendages, and imaging natural history

Our aim was to demonstrate the imaging characteristics of epiploic appendages in native, acute inflamed/ischemic and post-infarcted states through retrospective imaging analysis, with clinical and pathologic correlation, and to discuss clinical implications. Cases were gathered mostly retrospectively and reviewed for inclusion based on established diagnostic criteria. Radiology report text search was used to find cases, using terms "epiploic," "appendage," "appendagitis," and "peritoneal body." Data records included patient demographics, relevant clinical data, lesion size, location and apparent imaging composition, and the presence of change or stability in features over multiple studies. Pathologic and clinical data were sought and assessed for correlation. Imaging studies of 198 individuals were included (mean age 50, range 9-95), with a total of 228 lesions: 63 acute and 165 non-acute presentations. All included subjects had CT imaging and some had lesions visible on radiographs, MRI, PET/CT, and sonography. 23 subjects had more than one studied lesion. In addition to classic acute appendagitis, more frequently encountered are post-infarcted appendages either in situ along the colon, adhered to peritoneal or serosal surfaces, or freely mobile in the peritoneum as loose bodies. The majority of the non-acute varieties are recognizable due to peripheral calcification that develops over time following ischemic insult. Multiple cases demonstrated the imaging natural history and confirmed pathologic basis for imaging findings. In summary, acute and post-infarcted epiploic appendages have characteristic imaging appearances and natural history which should provide correct diagnosis in most cases. Incidental post-infarcted epiploica are more commonly encountered than acute presentations.
An Investigation on Iodine Nutritional Status of Residents in Ningbo City

Objective To evaluate the current iodine nutritional status of the local inhabitants in Ningbo city.Methods A multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3615 inhabitants aged among 6 to 70 years from 1685 families.Drinking water,diet salt and morning urine were collected to detect iodine content.Results Iodine content in drinking water samples were in the range of 0.51 ~ 9.26 μg / L,a median of 3.32 μg / L.The median of salt iodine was 27.20 mg / kg,the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 71.57% and the rates in mountainous areas,plain areas and coastal areas were 76.27%,85.21% and 54.32%,respectively.The median of urinary iodine of the sample was 137.05 μg / L,the percentage less than 100 μg / L was 34.47%,and more than 300 μg / L was 12.84%,and the median urinary iodine in mountainous areas,plain areas and coastal areas were 166.52,140.89 and 111.46 μg / L,respectively.Conclusion Ningbo City belongs to an area with environmental iodine deficiency.The current iodine nutritional status of the inhabitants in Ningbo appears to be safe and suitable.However,as the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt proves to be low,some of the inhabitants have a risk of iodine deficiency.
Effect of conization of the cervix on subsequent pregnancy; a preliminary report.

Abstract Theories concerning the effect of conization on subsequent pregnancy have been re-examined in the light of, first, Danforth's conclusions as to structure of the cervix and, second, the results in a series of cases collected by the authors. Forty-eight cases have been reported. Forty-one of these were term deliveries, 1 was premature, 1 was ectopic, and 5 were abortions. Three patients required a total of 4 sections; indications for this procedure were in no way related to the conization. Conization probably caused cervical dystocia in 1 case, but it was known that this patient had failed to return for proper postconization care. Length of labor in this series was within normal limits.
Average-case analysis of a nearest neighbor algorthim

In this paper we present an average-case analysis of the nearest neighbor algorithm, a simple induction method that has been studied by many researchers. Our analysis assumes a conjunctive target concept, noise-free Boolean attributes, and a uniform distribution over the instance space. We calculate the probability that the algorithm will encounter a test instance that is distance d from the prototype of the concept, along with the probability that the nearest stored training case is distance e from this test instance. From this we compute the probability of correct classification as a function of the number of observed training cases, the number of relevant attributes, and the number of irrelevant attributes. We also explore the behavioral implications of the analysis by presenting predicted learning curves for artificial domains, and give experimental results on these domains as a check on our reasoning.
Towards the Development of Classificational Schemata in Entrepreneurial Marketing

Classification is a mode of knowledge, a way of grasping the unity of certain things, and the relation between various kinds of things (Wolf 1925, p. 31).
A Monte Carlo method for commissioning electron beams

The dosimetric properties of electron beams produced by linear accelerators (linacs) exhibit small but significant variability between different manufacturers, mostly due to differences in the treatment head design [1, 2]. Even linacs produced by the same manufacturer can have different beam characteristics if a particular radiation oncology clinic requires electron beams that meet atypical specifications. For these reasons, institutions rely on linac-specific beam data that has been measured by a qualified medical physicist for treatment planning and beammonitor unit calculations.
Abstract 1668: Bouvardinis a radiation modulator with a novel mechanism of action

Protein synthesis is essential for growth, proliferation and survival of cells. Translation factors are overexpressed in many cancers and their experimental inhibition curbs cancer growth in preclinical models. Differential regulation of translation also occurs upon exposure to cancer-relevant stresses such as hypoxia and ionizing radiation (IR). The failure to regulate translation has been shown to interfere with recovery after genotoxic stress. These findings suggest that modulation of translation, alone or in conjunction with genotoxins, may be therapeutic in oncology. Yet, only two drugs that directly inhibit translation are FDA-approved for oncology use today. We described before the identification of protein synthesis inhibitor bouvardin in a screen for small molecule enhancers of IR in Drosophila melanogaster. Bouvardin was independently identified in a screen for selective inhibitors of engineered human breast cancer stem cells. Here we report the effect of bouvardin in preclinical models of head and neck cancer (HNC) and glioma, two cancer types for which IR is a key therapy choice. Our data show for the first time that bouvardin blocked translation elongation on human ribosomes and suggest that it did so by blocking the dissociation of elongation factor 2 from the ribosome. Bouvardin enhanced the induction of clonogenic death by IR in HNC and glioma cells, although by different mechanisms. Bouvardin enhanced the anti-tumor effect of IR in HNC tumor xenografts in mice. These data suggest that inhibition of translation elongation, particularly in combination with IR, may be a promising treatment option for cancer. Citation Format: Tin tin SU. Bouvardinis a radiation modulator with a novel mechanism of action. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1668.