cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methanol and isoprene emissions from the fast growing tropical pioneer species Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. (Hypericaceae) in the central Amazon forest

Abstract. Isoprene (Is) emissions by plants represent a loss of carbon and energy resources leading to the initial hypothesis that fast growing pioneer species in secondary tropical forests allocate carbon primarily to growth at the expense of isoprenoid defenses. In this study, we quantified leaf isoprene and methanol emissions from the abundant pantropical pioneer tree species Vismia guianensis and ambient isoprene concentrations above a diverse secondary forest in the central Amazon. As photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was varied (0 to 3000 µmol m−2 s−1) under standard leaf temperature (30 °C), isoprene emissions from V. guianensis increased without saturation up to 80 nmol m−2 s−1. A nonlinear increase in isoprene emissions with respect to net photosynthesis (Pn) resulted in the fraction of Pn dedicated to isoprene emissions increasing with light intensity (up to 2 % of Pn). Emission responses to temperature under standard light conditions (PAR of 1000 µmol m−2 s−1) resulted in the classic uncoupling of isoprene emissions (Topt, iso > 40 °C) from net photosynthesis (Topt, Pn = 30.0–32.5 °C) with up to 7 % of Pn emitted as isoprene at 40 °C. Under standard environmental conditions of PAR and leaf temperature, young V. guianensis leaves showed high methanol emissions, low Pn, and low isoprene emissions. In contrast, mature leaves showed high Pn, high isoprene emissions, and low methanol emissions, highlighting the differential control of leaf phenology over methanol and isoprene emissions. High daytime ambient isoprene concentrations (11 ppbv) were observed above a secondary Amazon rainforest, suggesting that isoprene emissions are common among neotropical pioneer species. The results are not consistent with the initial hypothesis and support a functional role of methanol during leaf expansion and the establishment of photosynthetic machinery and a protective role of isoprene for photosynthesis during high temperature extremes regularly experienced in secondary rainforest ecosystems.
Reservoir Sedimentation Challenges Kansas

Kansas faces the challenge of reduced surface water storage in eastern Kansas caused by sedimentation of its reservoirs. The 24 federal reservoirs in Kansas have an average age of about 50 years and current estimates indicate that 17% of their collective storage capacity (originally 3.2M ac-ft.) has been lost to sedimentation. Six of these reservoirs are already more than 33% infilled. So basic in all ways is ecology and hydrology to the functioning of a region that changes in water storage and movement and how both may be managed must be carefully followed. Also we discuss the merits of four types of remediation for addressing reservoir infilling, recognizing that combinations of methods can be used, and that water conservation is essential. Also we describe the important role of research and monitoring facilities at research stations in Kansas where controlled experiments identifying cause and effect relationships can provide insight for reservoir management.
A Wearable Patch to Enable Long-Term Monitoring of Environmental, Activity and Hemodynamics Variables

We present a low power multi-modal patch designed for measuring activity, altitude (based on high-resolution barometric pressure), a single-lead electrocardiogram, and a tri-axial seismocardiogram (SCG). Enabled by a novel embedded systems design methodology, this patch offers a powerful means of monitoring the physiology for both patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases, and the general population interested in personal health and fitness measures. Specifically, to the best of our knowledge, this patch represents the first demonstration of combined activity, environmental context, and hemodynamics monitoring, all on the same hardware, capable of operating for longer than 48 hours at a time with continuous recording. The three-channels of SCG and one-lead ECG are all sampled at 500 Hz with high signal-to-noise ratio, the pressure sensor is sampled at 10 Hz, and all signals are stored to a microSD card with an average current consumption of less than 2 mA from a 3.7 V coin cell (LIR2450) battery. In addition to electronic characterization, proof-of-concept exercise recovery studies were performed with this patch, suggesting the ability to discriminate between hemodynamic and electrophysiology response to light, moderate, and heavy exercise.
Hardware Performance Counter-Based Malware Identification and Detection with Adaptive Compressive Sensing

Hardware Performance Counter-based (HPC) runtime checking is an effective way to identify malicious behaviors of malware and detect malicious modifications to a legitimate program’s control flow. To reduce the overhead in the monitored system which has limited storage and computing resources, we present a “sample-locally-analyze-remotely” technique. The sampled HPC data are sent to a remote server for further analysis. To minimize the I/O bandwidth required for transmission, the fine-grained HPC profiles are compressed into much smaller vectors with Compressive Sensing. The experimental results demonstrate an 80p I/O bandwidth reduction after applying Compressive Sensing, without compromising the detection and identification capabilities.
Three New Species of North American Orthoptera

The specimens described below have come to me through the generosity of Dr. Joseph Knull of Ohio State University, District Inspector F. T. Scott of the California Department of Agriculture and Mr. Clyde Stroud of the University of Chicago. All the specimens are at present in the author's collection.
Robust Control of Convective-Diffusion Systems

In the presented control approach to fluid dynamics, the basal and primal motivation arises from laminar flow control. The key issues associated with this class of problems, distributed systems governed by nonlinear partial differential equations (Navier-Stokes), are identified, and a mathematical benchmark problem reflecting those properties (the Burgers equation with periodic boundary conditions and a non-homogeneous distributed forcing term) is created. A viscosity parameterbeing an analogue to the inverse Reynolds number is incorporated. In order to provide a suitable formulation for control purposes, a semi-discretization is performed using a Galerkin finite element method. The resulting state-space formulation is expanded to an unprecedented 'real world' control loop design, including process disturbance, measurement noise, model-error, and model-reduction. A Lyaponuv based proof for exponential stability of the origin (under certain initial condi- tions) can be established. For the nominal control, as well as for the required estimator, the linear quadratic regulator and the extended Kalman filter are applied. Additionally, model-error control synthesis is introduced in its one-step ahead prediction formulation for nonlinear distributed systems. This provides a computationally fast correction to cope with model-error and process disturbances. The derived and introduced techniques are subject to extensive numerical evaluation. Thereby, the combination of the linear quadratic regula- tor with model-error control synthesis reveals itself to be a powerful control tool, resulting in a fast attenuation of an initial distribution as well as a robust correction of process disturbance. Results hold in face of noisy measurements (additive white Gaussian noise) if the extended Kalman filter is added to the system. The problem is approached from a 'worst case' point of view, where the applied disturbance and noise by far exceeds 'real world' dimensions.
Propagation and Extinction of Mixtures of Air with n-Dodecane, JP-7, and JP-8 Jet Fuels

Laminar flame speeds and extinction strain rates of fuels related to high-speed airbreathing propulsion were determined experimentally and numerically. Among practical jet fuels, JP-7 and JP-8 were investigated at fuel temperatures close to their boiling point. Mixtures of air with n-dodecane were investigated also because of the relevance of the latter to the development of jet fuels surrogates. The experimental data of n-dodecane were compared against numerical simulations obtained using a recently developed kinetic mechanism. The agreements between experimental and predicted values were good for both propagation and extinction, suggesting that the mechanism satisfactorily describes the heat release. It was found that the laminar flame speeds and extinction limits of n-dodecane is comparable to those obtained for both jet fuels, which underlines the significance of n-dodecane in the development of jet fuels surrogates. The effect of thermal cracking on flame propagation was studied also at fuel temperatures well above its boiling point, in view of its relevance to SCRAMJETs.
Nutrition assessment of new iodized salt in residents of Shenyang City

[Objective]To investigate the effect of new concentration of iodized salt on iodine nutrition of residents in Shenyang City,and provide the basis for government to formulate the measures for iodine deficiency disease prevention and treatment.[Methods]Shenhe District,Heping District,Liaozhong County,Xinmin City were selected for investigations of children urinary iodine and iodine content of salt at home,pregnant urinary iodine and iodine content of salt at home,average daily salt intake and water iodine content at home. Investigation on iodine content in salt production,sales levels was also conducted.[Results]The urinary iodine content was( 209. 5 ± 129. 4)μg/L among children. Single factor analysis of variance showed there was no significant difference between urinary iodine of urban and rural children. The urinary iodine content was( 136. 0 ± 183. 2)μg/L among children. Single factor analysis of variance showed there was no significant difference between urinary iodine of urban and rural pregnant women. The average daily salt intake was 7. 18 g. The median water iodine content was 8. 69 μg / L.[Conclusion]The iodine nutrition level can still meet the national standards of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders after the implementation of new iodized salt which has not affected the iodine nutrition level of residents.
Proterozoic Impact Spherule/Ejecta Layers Younger Than 2.4 Ga

The Precambrian has been more difficult to subdivide stratigraphically than the Phanerozoic. It extends from the beginning of the Solar System at 4566 Ma (Allegre et al. 1995) to the start of the Cambrian Period around 542 Ma (Grotzinger et al. 1995). This represents ~88 % of Earth’s history so Precambrian subdivisions generally cover vast stretches of time. Subdivision of the Phanerozoic Eon was also facilitated by the relatively rapid evolution of many different groups of organisms that produced skeletal remains (shells, teeth, etc.). Even though life appeared surprisingly early in Earth’s history (Wacey 2009), the Precambrian was, until almost the very end, a time of unicellular organisms that did not produce skeletal remains (Knoll 2003). Macroscopic body fossils appeared as early as 2 Ga (Han and Runnegar 1992) and microbial communities formed macroscopic structures known as stromatolites throughout most of the Precambrian, but neither one rivals skeletal fossils as a basis for detailed stratigraphic subdivision. Moreover, sedimentary rocks and the information they contain are increasingly likely to be affected by tectonic deformation or eroded away altogether as they get progressively older. Therefore distal ejecta layers should become progressively harder to recognize back through time.
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium

CHR-RPE: combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is a benign hamartoma first described by Gass.
Ultraviolet light disinfection of wastewater stabilization pond effluents

A reveiw of recent experiments on the particle-association of fecal coliforms in wastewater effluents and the effect that this has on UV disinfection is presented. The most significant finding is that a direct linear correlation was observed between the total number of particles with associated coliform bacteria and the residual coliform bacteria concentration after UV disinfection. In contrast to the other treatment systems, effluents from an aerated and a facultative pond system had very low numbers of particles with associated coliforms. Therefore, despite high suspended solids concentrations, the pond effluents were easily disinfected with UV because the majority of the coliforms were not associated with particles. More research is needed, in particular, on the effect of UV irradiation on algal solids and the implications for the discharge or reuse of pond effluents. The main factors affecting the costs of UV compared to chlorine disinfection are also discussed.
Mandatory Reporting of Child Maltreatment for Counselors: An Innovative Training Program

Despite counselors’ ethical and legal responsibility to report suspected child abuse, they often lack formal training in identifying and reporting child maltreatment. This article describes the implementation of an Internet-based child abuse tutorial for future counselors (N = 43). Data were obtained and analyzed using a mixed methods design. Pre- and posttest knowledge scores were statistically significantly related, with posttest scores higher, indicating the majority of participants had increased their knowledge. Qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis. Three themes described the concepts most often learned: reporting procedures and penalties, statistics/data, and maltreatment signs/identification. Implications for counselor training on mandatory reporting of child abuse are discussed.
Modified Water Rinse Sampling for Sensitive, Non-adulterating Salmonellae Detection on Eviscerated Broiler Carcasses

Non-destructive, whole carcass, water rinse sampling followed by addition of sterile, dry lactose broth for pre-enrichment is shown to be a sensitive method for detection of small numbers of salmonellae on experimentally contaminated eviscerated broiler chicken carcasses.
Full-Field Structural Dynamics by Video Motion Manipulations

Structures with complex geometries, material properties, and boundary conditions, exhibit spatially local, temporally transient, dynamic behaviors. High spatial and temporal resolution vibration measurements and modeling are thus required for high-fidelity characterization, analysis, and prediction of the structure’s dynamic phenomena. For example, high spatial resolution mode shapes are needed for accurate vibration-based damage localization. Also, higher order vibration modes typically contain local structural features that are essential for high-fidelity dynamic modeling of the structure. In addition, while it is possible to build a highly-refined mathematical model (e.g., a finite element model) of the structure, it needs to be experimentally validated and updated with high-resolution vibration measurements. However, it is a significant challenge to obtain high-resolution vibration measurements using traditional techniques. For example, accelerometers and strain-gauge sensors provide low spatial resolution measurements. Laser vibrometers provide high-resolution measurements, but are expensive and make sequential measurements that are time-consuming. On the other hand, digital video cameras are relatively low-cost, agile, and provide high spatial resolution, simultaneous, measurements. Combined with vision based algorithms (e.g., image correlation, optical flow), digital video camera based measurements have been successfully used for vibration measurements and subsequent modal analysis, based on techniques such as the digital image correlation (DIC) and the point-tracking. However, they typically require speckle pattern or high-contrast markers to be placed on the surface of structures, which poses challenges when the measurement area is large or inaccessible.
Towards generalizable entity-centric clinical coreference resolution

Display Omitted Coreference resolution is important for extracting information from clinical documents.We implement and evaluate a model that tracks entities across a document.We explore generalizability of some important coreference features. ObjectiveThis work investigates the problem of clinical coreference resolution in a model that explicitly tracks entities, and aims to measure the performance of that model in both traditional in-domain train/test splits and cross-domain experiments that measure the generalizability of learned models. MethodsThe two methods we compare are a baseline mention-pair coreference system that operates over pairs of mentions with best-first conflict resolution and a mention-synchronous system that incrementally builds coreference chains. We develop new features that incorporate distributional semantics, discourse features, and entity attributes. We use two new coreference datasets with similar annotation guidelines the THYME colon cancer dataset and the DeepPhe breast cancer dataset. ResultsThe mention-synchronous system performs similarly on in-domain data but performs much better on new data. Part of speech tag features prove superior in feature generalizability experiments over other word representations. Our methods show generalization improvement but there is still a performance gap when testing in new domains. DiscussionGeneralizability of clinical NLP systems is important and under-studied, so future work should attempt to perform cross-domain and cross-institution evaluations and explicitly develop features and training regimens that favor generalizability. A performance-optimized version of the mention-synchronous system will be included in the open source Apache cTAKES software.
Preliminary assessment of a lower-limb exoskeleton controller for guiding leg movement in overground walking

This paper describes the design, implementation, and preliminary validation of a controller for a powered lower-limb exoskeleton that reshapes a user's leg movement during over-ground walking. The intended application of the controller is to facilitate gait training for individuals suffering from post-stroke hemiparesis. The controller mimics a kinematic constraint between the knee and hip joints during the swing phase of gait, such that movement is not dependent on time (i.e., step time is determined entirely by the user). The controller additionally incorporates real-time path planning adjustment that allows step length to be adjusted by the user. As such, the controller provides movement coordination, but still enables a user to retain the step-to-step variability required to maintain balance during walking. As a preliminary assessment of efficacy, the controller was implemented on a lower limb exoskeleton and tested on a healthy subject, who walked at varying speeds without the use of a stability aid, with and without the proposed controller. The data indicates that the exoskeleton with controller provided the intended extent of movement coordination, while still allowing the subject to maintain walking balance.
Perfumery, Essential Oils, and Household Chemicals Affecting Reproductive and Sexual Health

Abstract Environmental factors play a very significant role in human reproduction. Many drugs, essential oils, chemicals, smoking, stress, psychological issues, and numerous other factors affect sexual performance and reproductive health. Many aphrodisiacs, incense, perfumes, candles, recreational agents, mood and sexual performance–enhancing agents, massage oils, stimulants, etc., have been used for centuries all over the world to boost the sexual desire as well as fertility potentials. Most of the compounds applied to perfumes and essential oils originate from nature or are copied from natural molecules. This has resulted in the development of an important multimillion-dollar industry. In addition, many in-house products, incense and perfumes, cleaning agents, cooking and candle smoke, odor-eliminating sprays, etc., especially in closed door environments, may affect such behavior and functions. The body responses or reactions depend on the specific composition and concentration of these fragrances, odors, and chemicals. Not much is known about their role in affecting men's reproductive and sexual health and functions.
A Geo-Based Fine Granularity Air Quality Prediction Using Machine Learning and Internet-of-Things

As the development of economy and industry, air quality decreases as one of the exchanges of our achievements. Although air pollution has already been considered as a global and critical issue over the past decades, there has not been much innovation on the way people monitor and check the quality. Most of the air quality data today is provided by government or professional sensors set up in cities, which does not provide more detailed status in smaller geo locations with finer granularity, such as specific villages, schools, and shopping malls. In this project, we use machine learning to make a mathematical model which could be used to predict the air quality for small geo locations with accuracy and fine granularity. Through series of experiments and comparisons, the most accuracy mathematical model was found, which had a difference percentage less than 20% with the real data.
A Butterfly Effect: The Impact of Marriage and Family Therapy Training on Students' Spouses

This qualitative study examines the impact of marriage and family therapy (MFT) training on the marriages of trainees. Analysis of data from 18 spouses of alumni from a training program in an evangelical Protestant seminary found participants reporting mostly negative impacts related to time and finances, both negative and positive impacts related to role changes and adjustments, and mostly positive impacts related to marital communication. The additional contribution of this study has to do with the report of an overwhelmingly positive impact of systemic, integrative MFT training on the student's faith as observed by their spouse and on the spouse's own faith.
Eye movements and spoken language processing

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of recent research that uses eye movements to investigate both spoken language comprehension and language production. Issues of data analysis and linking hypotheses are addressed in what is now commonly referred to as the “visual world” paradigm, including issues that arise in comparing results to those from eye-tracking reading studies. Psycholinguists now use the visual-world eye-movement method to study both language production and language comprehension. Eye movements are a response measure of choice for studies addressing many classical questions about spoken language processing in psycholinguistics. Many of the most widely used tasks for studying spoken language comprehension present only a snapshot of processing at a single point in time, require meta-linguistic judgments, and interrupt the flow of the speech input. In contrast, eye movements provide a sensitive, implicit measure of spoken language processing in which the response is closely time-locked to the input without interrupting the speech stream. The eye movement paradigm can be used with simple natural tasks such as picking up and moving objects, making it well suited for studies with young children and with special populations. The paradigm allows one to study real-time language production and comprehension in natural tasks involving conversational interaction.
Psychomotor function measured via online activity predicts motor vehicle fatality risk

Impaired psychomotor performance severely increases the risk of fatal and non-fatal car accidents. However, we currently lack methods to continuously and non-intrusively monitor psychomotor performance. We show we can estimate psychomotor function at population scale from 16 billion observations of typing speeds during the input of web search queries. We show that these estimates exhibit diurnal variation with a substantial increase during typical sleep times, matching published accident risk rates. Further, we show that psychomotor impairment, as measured by keystroke timing, predicts motor vehicle fatality risk on a population level (Spearman ρ = 0.61; p « 10−10). The methods and results highlight a promising direction of harnessing ambient streams of data, such as patterns of interactions with devices, as large-scale sensors to continuously and non-intrusively monitor human psychomotor performance at population scale.
Prevention of oxidant stress by Student Rasayana (SR).

Free radicals are linked to many pathological events. The central nervous system contains a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids which are prone to oxidative damage. Brain functions are inversely related to the level of free radicals1. Arachidonic acid and its lipoxygenase metabolites may act as second messengers in long-term potentiation, a process associated with learning2. Children taking SR, a natural herbal mixture which contains various antioxidants, showed higher intelligence levels compared to the control group3. We investigated whether the mechanism by which SR increases intelligence is through scavenging free radicals and/or enhancing the activity of lipoxygenase.
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin as Stimulator for Androgen Secretion

Publisher Summary Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is produced in the placenta and is thus a gonadotropin of strictly female origin. While in the pregnant woman, this mixed function gonadotropin is of major significance, its trophic activity in the male is restricted to the intra-uterine period of life. Addition of HCG to sliced testicular tissue leads to increased testosterone production. The processes leading to the production and secretion of testicular testosterone in vivo are rapid. The fact that the HCG increases production and secretion of all steroid intermediates of testosterone may be a part of an androgen regulatory mechanism in the testicular tissue. The HCG shares similarity with the pituitary gonadotropins in terms of high concentration of sugars, in particular, in sialic acid. In a number of biological assays, it has been shown that the removal of sialic acid from the HCG is associated with marked reduction in biological activity. Desialylated HCG has a shorter plasma half-life than native HCG but shows increased affinity for gonadal binding sites and considerable steroidogenic activity when added to testicular tissue in vitro.
Mechanisms of Excitotoxicity and Excitoprotection

All neurons in the central nervous system of mammals express receptors for the excitatory amino acid glutamate. Although glutamatergic neurotransmission is therefore essential for the functioning of neuronal circuits in the brain and spinal cord, under certain conditions activation of glutamate receptors can trigger the death of neurons. Such excitotoxicity most often occurs when cells are coincidentally subjected to reduced levels of oxygen or glucose, increased levels of oxidative stress, trauma, or exposure to toxins or other pathogenic agents. Excitotoxicity is mediated by excessive calcium influx and release from internal organelles, oxyradical production and the activation of a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis. Proteins such as p53, Bax and Par-4 induce mitochondrial membrane permeability changes resulting in the release of cytochrome c and the activation of proteases such as caspase-3. Essentially all subcellular compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nucleus are involved in the excitotoxic process. Excitotoxic cascades are initiated in postsynaptic dendrites where glutamate receptors are most highly concentrated, and may either cause local degeneration or plasticity of those synapses or may propagate the signals to the cell body resulting in cell death. The nervous system protects itself against excitotoxicity by deploying multiple antiexcitotoxic signaling pathways including neurotrophic signaling pathways, intrinsic stress-response pathways, and survival proteins such as protein chaperones, calcium-binding proteins and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. A rapid accumulation of information on the molecular underpinnings of the excitotoxic process is leading to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders, as well as unexpected insight into mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.
Contemporary Themes and Emerging Directions in Longitudinal Research on Deviant Behavior

The themes and directions that characterize contemporary research on deviant behavior are foreshadowed in the organization and substance of this volume. These characterizations refer, respectively, to the theoretical frameworks that guide the research and the methodological approaches to the estimation of theoretically informed causal models.
The theory and practice of strategic HRM and participative management

Abstract Two central concepts in contemporary management research are strategic human resource management (SHRM) and participative management (PM). Most writers on these subjects portray them as relatively recent (post-1970s) developments in the industry and, in turn, trace their origin in the academic literature to the post-World War II writings of scholars, such as Kurt Lewin, Douglas McGregor, Chris Argyris, H. Igor Ansoff, and Michael Porter. This chronology is largely correct if attention is restricted to the academic field of management, but it misses important antecedent contributions in both theory and practice made several decades earlier by industrial relations academics and management practitioners. This paper describes these early antecedents and demonstrates that both the concept and practice of SHRM and PM were explicitly articulated and implemented in the 1920s, albeit in a different idiom and context than today.
Estimation of Rearrangement Break Rates Across the Genome

Genomic rearrangements provide an important source of novel functions by recombining genes and motifs throughout and between genomes. However, understanding how rearrangement functions to shape genomes is hard because reconstructing rearrangements is a combinatoric problem which often has many solutions. In lieu of reconstructing the history of rearrangements, we answer the question of where rearrangements are occurring in the genome by remaining agnostic to the types of rearrangement and solving the simpler problem of estimating the rate at which double-strand breaks occur at every site in a genome. We phrase this problem in graph theoretic terms and find that it is a special case of the minimum cover problem for an interval graph. We employ and modify existing algorithms for efficiently solving this problem. We implement this method as a Python program, named BRAG, and use it to estimate the break rates in the genome of the model Ascomycete mold, Neurospora crassa. We find evidence that rearrangements are more common in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes, which facilitates the evolution of novel genes.
HEALTH LITERACY TOOLS: BARRIERS, FACILITATORS AND BENEFITS IN PHYSICAL THERAPY EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS

Health literacy is documented to impact older adult outcomes and effective rehabilitation may be minimized by low health literacy. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand the meaning in a physical therapist’s experience of using Teach Back and Ask Me 3, health literacy tools. This research study involves several parts. After therapists are trained to implement Teach Back and Ask Me 3, they are randomly assigned a tool to use with consenting patients. At the end of the project, therapists are interviewed about the health literacy tools related to patient collaboration, benefits to patients, and barriers/facilitators for therapists. Transcribed interviews are reviewed by four researchers both individually and as a group for key phrases. Next, themes are identified across all therapist responses to questions and then overarching themes are developed. Ten volunteer therapists from two different outpatient clinics participated. The mean age is 43.5 years, 8 were female, 9 identified as white and one as Asian. Most therapists preferred the familiar teach back method and identified ask me 3 as a tool to empower patients. Themes identified for collaborative relationships included patient inclusion and empowerment. Themes that emerged around patient benefits included improved outcomes and ownership. Barriers/ facilitators included time perceptions, routines with cues and reminders and method for process management in a busy environment. The qualitative findings suggest health literacy tools may improve quality of care through focused patient dialogue, enhanced patient understanding and empowerment. Interviews suggest there are unique aspects/ purposes to each health literacy tool.
Intermittency of water vapor fluxes from vineyards during light wind and convective conditions

Vineyards in many semi-arid regions globally face limited water resources. Monitoring evapotranspiration (ET) of vineyards is critical for water resource management, but remains difficult due to the complex biophysics of the surfaces. Both measurement and modeling approaches for estimating turbulent water vapor transport rely on implicit assumptions that exchanges occur in a reasonably regular fashion over the time scales generally used for averaging. However, heterogeneous vegetation in semi-arid climates, such as many vineyards, presents inherent factors, including canopy row/row space structure and frequent periods of light wind, unstable conditions, that can create episodic transport characteristics. Eddy covariance data were collected above and within the canopy of two vineyards in the Central Valley of California during the Grape Remote sensing Atmospheric Profile & Evapotranspiration eXperiment (GRAPEX). The goal was to document and quantify the existence of intermittent turbulence transport of water vapor, and associated episodic canopy venting. These effects were found to correlate with periods light winds and highly unstable/convective conditions. Power and cross-spectra for intermittent periods documented enhancement of low-frequency water vapor exchange events compared to more steady periods, and diminished time scale correlation between humidity within the canopy and above the canopy. Analyses show that intermittent cases can necessitate longer flux-averaging periods (up to 2 h) than more steady conditions. Episodic exchange events were isolated and summed to determine their relative contribution to the overall water vapor flux. Since light wind, unstable conditions are relatively common in many arid vineyard regions, these findings have implications for mechanistic ET models that rely on time-averaged vertical gradients, which implies reasonably steady transport.
Do Human Subject Safeguards Matter to Potential Participants in Psychiatric Genetic Research

Abstract Despite longstanding concerns about the adequacy of human research protections in mental illness investigations, minimal work has focused on the perspectives of key stakeholders regarding these safeguards. This investigation examined the perspectives of potential research participants regarding safeguards for psychiatric genetic research. Individuals with mental illness (n = 71), first-degree family members of individuals with mental illness (n = 54), and individuals with no personal or close family history of mental illness (n = 57) provided responses to items regarding perceptions of: 1) protectiveness of a range of research safeguards in genetic research on mental illness; 2) influence of these safeguards on research participation decision-making; and 3) importance of these safeguards depending on the nature of the research (i.e., genetic vs. non-genetic mental illness research; and genetic research on mental illness vs. physical illness). Potential research participants perceived existing safeguard procedures as generally protective. The three groups did not differ in their ratings of protectiveness, with the exception of the safeguard domain of “Informed Consent or Alternative Decision-Making Procedures,” which was viewed as more protective by family members of people with mental illness than by individuals with mental illness or comparison participants. Safeguard procedures were perceived as strongly influential with respect to willingness to enroll in psychiatric genetic research. These findings suggest that the presence of safeguards positively influences enrollment decision-making by research volunteers and indicate that potential psychiatric genetic research participants find safeguards to be protective, underscoring the responsibility to implement safeguard practices conscientiously.
The effects of perinatal SSRI exposure on anxious behavior and neurobiology in rodent and human offspring.

Abstract While the postpartum period is typically associated with increased positive affect, many women will develop a depressive- or anxiety-related disorder during this time, which can degrade the mother-infant bond and lead to detrimental consequences for the infant. Given the potential for negative consequences, effective treatments have been critical, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) being the most commonly-prescribed pharmaceutical agents to treat postpartum depression and anxiety. However, SSRIs can readily cross the placenta and are present in breast milk, so they might, therefore, unintentionally interact with the developing fetus/infant. There is already experimental evidence that perinatal SSRI exposure has a number of long-term effects on offspring, but this review focuses on the current literature examining the timing and consequences of perinatal SSRI exposure specifically on anxiety-like behaviors in rodents and humans, with an emphasis on the anxiety-related brain regions of the amygdala and hippocampus. This review also discusses discrepancies between the rodent and human literatures and how they might inform future studies. Finally, some key factors to consider when examining the role of perinatal SSRIs on offspring anxiety will be discussed, such as the duration of SSRI exposure and the potential neuroprotective effects of SSRIs. Given the extensive prescribing of SSRIs, the potential health consequences of perinatal SSRI exposure, and the discrepancies in the literature, it will be necessary to critically examine the factors underlying offspring anxiety outcomes.
Rationale and Strategies for Preserving Residual Kidney Function in Dialysis Patients

Background Residual kidney function (RKF) conveys a survival benefit among dialysis patients, but the mechanism remains unclear. Improved volume control, clearance of protein-bound and middle molecules, reduced inflammation and preserved erythropoietin and vitamin D production are among the proposed mechanisms. Preservation of RKF requires techniques to measure it accurately to be able to uncover factors that accelerate its loss and interventions that preserve it and ultimately to individualize therapy. The average of renal creatinine and urea clearance provides a superior estimate of RKF in dialysis patients, when compared with daily urine volume. However, both involve the difficult task of obtaining an accurate 24-h urine sample. Summary In this article, we first review the definition and measurement of RKF, including newly proposed markers such as serum levels of beta2-microglobulin, cystatin C and beta-trace protein. We then discuss the predictors of RKF loss in new dialysis patients. We review several strategies to preserve RKF such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, incremental dialysis, use of biocompatible membranes and ultrapure dialysate in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and use of biocompatible solutions in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Despite their generally adverse effects on renal function, aminoglycoside antibiotics have not been shown to have adverse effects on RKF in well-hydrated patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Presently, the roles of better blood pressure control, diuretic usage, diet, and dialysis modality on RKF remain to be clearly established. Key Messages: RKF is an important and favorable prognostic indicator of reduced morbidity, mortality, and higher quality of life in both PD an HD patients. Further investigation is warranted to uncover factors that protect or impair RKF. This should lead to improved quality of life and prolonged lifespan in patients with ESRD and cost-reduction through patient centeredness, individualized therapy, and precision medicine approaches.
Tri-functional platform for construction of modular antibody fragments for in vivo18F-PET or NIRF molecular imaging

Positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging is a powerful tool for interrogating physiological and biochemical processes to understand the biology of disease and advance therapeutic developments. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) optical imaging has become increasingly popular for intraoperative staging to enable cellular resolution imaging of tumor margins during surgical resection. In addition, engineered antibody fragments have emerged as promising molecular imaging agents given their exquisite target selectivity, rapid systemic clearance and site-selective chemical modification. We report a tri-functional platform for construction of a modular antibody fragment that can rapidly be labeled with radionuclides or fluorophores for PET or NIRF molecular imaging of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA).
Teaching Ancient Women Philosophers: A Case Study

In this paper I discuss in some detail my experience teaching women philosophers in the context of a survey course in ancient Greek philosophy at a small liberal arts college. My aim is to share the peculiar difficulties one may encounter when teaching this topic in a lower-level undergraduate course, difficulties stemming from a multiplicity of methodological hurdles that do not arise when teaching women philosophers in other periods, such as the modern era. In the first section, I briefly review some of what we know about ancient Greek women philosophers, which is not only very little but frustratingly uncertain and highly debated. I devote the second section to some of the scholarly debates surrounding these philosophers’ doctrines, the details of their biographies, and their very existence. The third section is about the corresponding pedagogical challenges, and the fourth and final section describes the strategies I implemented to face those challenges.
Exploring the Relationship between Speech and Skin Conductance for Real-Time Arousal Monitoring

Monitoring human emotions through wearable systems has become an important area of research. Electrodermal activity (EDA) has proven to be a good indicator of emotional arousal, and numerous works have focused on using EDA data to predict emotional states. However, to successfully integrate EDA data into real-time wearable emotion recognition systems, several challenges of practical real-life scenarios, need to be addressed. This paper explores the relationship between speech signals and EDA reactions and analyzes a new approach for classification of skin conductance reactions elicited by emotional arousal using speech signals as a triggering event. Results show an average improvement in skin conductance reaction classification accuracy of at least 5.6% when using speech-triggered reactions compared with traditional methods. The use of speech as a triggering event could help improve real-time emotion recognition algorithms implemented within wearable systems.
Benefits of collaborative patient care rounds in the intensive care unit

Abstract Background Improving care of critically ill patients requires using an interprofessional care model and care standardisation. Objectives Determine whether collaborative patient care rounds in the intensive care unit increases practice consistency with respect to common considerations such as delirium prevention, device use, and indicated prophylaxis, among others. Secondary objective to assess whether collaborative interprofessional format improved nursing perceptions of collaboration. Methods Single centre, pre- and post- intervention design. collaborative patient care rounding format implemented in three intensive care units in an academic tertiary care centre. format consisted of scripted nursing presentation, provider checklist of additional practice considerations, and daily priority goals documentation. measurements included nursing participation, consideration of selected practice items, daily goal verbalisation, and nursing perception of collaboration. Results Pre- and post-intervention measurements indicate gains in consideration of eight of thirteen bundle items (p Conclusion This study describes implementation of collaborative patient care rounds with corresponding increases in consideration of selected practice items, verbalisation of daily goals, and perceptions of collaboration.
Binding Ensembles of p53-MDM2 Peptide Inhibitors by Combining Bayesian Inference and Atomistic Simulations

Designing peptide inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction against cancer is of wide interest. Computational modeling and virtual screening are a well established step in the rational design of small molecules. But they face challenges for binding flexible peptide molecules that fold upon binding. We look at the ability of five different peptides, three of which are intrinsically disordered, to bind to MDM2 with a new Bayesian inference approach (MELD × MD). The method is able to capture the folding upon binding mechanism and differentiate binding preferences between the five peptides. Processing the ensembles with statistical mechanics tools depicts the most likely bound conformations and hints at differences in the binding mechanism. Finally, the study shows the importance of capturing two driving forces to binding in this system: the ability of peptides to adopt bound conformations (ΔGconformation) and the interaction between interface residues (ΔGinteraction).
The polar oxy-metabolome reveals the 4-hydroxymandelate CoQ10 synthesis pathway

Oxygen is critical for a multitude of metabolic processes that are essential for human life. Biological processes can be identified by treating cells with 18O2 or other isotopically labelled gases and systematically identifying biomolecules incorporating labeled atoms. Here we labelled cell lines of distinct tissue origins with 18O2 to identify the polar oxy-metabolome, defined as polar metabolites labelled with 18O under different physiological O2 tensions. The most highly 18O-labelled feature was 4-hydroxymandelate (4-HMA). We demonstrate that 4-HMA is produced by hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like (HPDL), a protein of previously unknown function in human cells. We identify 4-HMA as an intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) headgroup in human cells. The connection of HPDL to CoQ10 biosynthesis provides crucial insights into the mechanisms underlying recently described neurological diseases related to HPDL deficiencies1–4 and cancers with HPDL overexpression5. 18O2 labelling is used to identify metabolites in human cells that incorporate gaseous oxygen, including 4-hydroxymandelate, an intermediate in the synthesis of the coenzyme Q10 head group.