cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomics of sterol synthesis and statin use in schizophrenia subjects treated with antipsychotics

Objective: Patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics often develop metabolic side effects including dyslipidemia. Antipsychotics potentially upregulate gene expression of a lipid metabolism pathway protein called SREBP via SREB transcription factors (SREBFs). Genetic variation within SREBF may contribute to dyslipidemias and lipid medication efficacy within schizophrenia. Results: A cross-sectional study of 157 patients were genotyped for SREBF1 (rs11868035) and SREBF2 (rs1057217) variants, and assessed for fasting lipids. The cohort’s mean age was 46.6 years, was 64% male and 86% were using atypical antipsychotics. When stratified by statin use, those receiving a statin and carrying the SREBF1 T allele exhibited higher total cholesterol levels (p = 0.01), triglyceride levels (p = 0.04) and low-density lipoprotein levels (p = 0.03). A regression analysis controlling for gender differences in lipids showed that the SREBF1 T allele and statin interaction remained only for total cholesterol lev...
The ryanodine receptor type 1 gene variants in African American men with exertional rhabdomyolysis and malignant hyperthermia susceptibility

It has been suggested that exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) and malignant hyperthermia (MH) are related syndromes. We hypothesize that patients with unexplained ER harbor mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene type 1 (RYR1), a primary gene implicated in MH, and therefore ER patients are at increased risk for MH. Although there are reported cases of MH in individuals of African descent, there are no data available on molecular characterization of these patients. We analyzed RYR1 in six, unrelated African American men with unexplained ER, who were subsequently diagnosed as MH susceptible (MHS) by the Caffeine Halothane Contracture Test. Three novel and two variants, previously reported in Caucasian MHS subjects, were found in five studied patients. The novel variants were highly conserved amino acids and were absent among 230 control subjects of various ethnic backgrounds. These results emphasize the importance of performing muscle contracture testing and RYR1 mutation screening in patients with unexplained ER. The MHS-associated variant Ala1352Gly was identified as a polymorphism predominant in individuals of African descent. Our data underscore the need for investigating RYR1 across different ethnic groups and will contribute to interpretation of genetic screening results of individuals at risk for MH.
Evaluation of abdominal pain in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Background: Abdominal pain is a common finding in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occurring in as many as half of all SLE patients in the course of their disease. The rheumatology and gastroenterology literature emphasizes etiologies of abdominal pain in patients with SLE such as peritonitis from polyserositis, dyspepsia from reflux, nausea and vomiting from bowel edema, ascites, mesenteric ischemia, pancreatitis, pneumatosis intestinalis from necrotizing enterocolitis, and hepatobiliary abnormalities. But in clinical practice, caring for SLE patients in a community teaching hospital, these seem to be rare entities. Patients and methods: A chart review study was performed of all patients with SLE with the diagnosis of abdominal pain admitted to a community teaching hospital between 1980 and 1995. Results: Of 13 patients who presented with abdominal pain, 9 required surgical intervention for cholecystitis, perforated ulcer, colonic perforation, diverticulitis, and adhesions. There were no negative laparotomies for polyserositis or bowel edema, or cases of mesenteric infarction or ascites. Conclusion: Despite some unusual diagnostic possibilities in abdominal pain in SLE such as polyserositis and mesenteric infarction, and despite the superimposed problems of steroid therapy in most of the patients in this study, the majority of lupus patients with abdominal pain presenting at community hospitals have relatively conventional illnesses.
Improved Fine-Grained Component-Conditional Class Labeling with Active Learning

We have recently introduced new generative semi supervised mixtures with more fine-grained class label generation mechanisms than previous methods. Our models combine advantages of semi supervised mixtures, which achieve label extrapolation over a component, and nearest-neighbor (NN)/nearest-prototype (NP) classification, which achieves accurate classification in the vicinity of labeled samples. Our models are advantageous when within-component class proportions are not constant over the feature space region ``owned by'' a component. In this paper, we develop an active learning extension of our fine-grained labeling methods. We propose two new uncertainty sampling methods in comparison with traditional entropy-based uncertainty sampling. Our experiments on a number of UC Irvine data sets show that the proposed active learning methods improve classification accuracy more than standard entropy-based active learning. The proposed methods are particularly advantageous when the labeled percentage is small. We also extend our semi supervised method to allow variable weighting on labeled and unlabeled data likelihood terms. This approach is shown to outperform previous weighting schemes.
hnRNPs Relocalize to the Cytoplasm following Infection with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) matrix protein inhibits nuclear-cytoplasmic mRNA transport. The goal of this work is to determine whether VSV inhibits the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are thought to serve as mRNA export factors. Confocal microscopy experiments showed that hnRNPA1, hnRNPK, and hnRNPC1/C2, but not hnRNPB1 or lamin A/C, are relocalized to the cytoplasm during VSV infection. We determined whether protein import is inhibited by VSV by transfecting cells with a plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) tagged with either the M9 nuclear localization sequence (NLS) or the classical NLS. These experiments revealed that both the M9 NLS and the classical NLS are functional during VSV infection. These data suggest that the inhibition of protein import is not responsible for hnRNP relocalization during VSV infection but that hnRNP export is enhanced. We found that hnRNPA1 relocalization was significantly reduced following the silencing of the mRNA export factor Rae1, indicating that Rae1 is necessary for hnRNP export. In order to determine the role of hnRNPA1 in VSV infection, we silenced hnRNPA1 in HeLa cells and assayed three aspects of the viral life cycle: host protein synthesis shutoff concurrent with the onset of viral protein synthesis, replication by plaque assay, and cell killing. We observed that host shutoff and replication are unaffected by the reduction in hnRNPA1 but that the rate of VSV-induced apoptosis is slower in cells that have reduced hnRNPA1. These data suggest that VSV promotes hnRNPA1 relocalization in a Rae1-dependent manner for apoptotic signaling.
Environmental sociology and the Frankfurt School 2: ideology, techno-science, reconciliation

In a two-article project, I demonstrate that the first-generation Frankfurt School’s critical theory can conceptually inform sociological examinations of societal–environmental relations. This second article clarifies and systematizes the theories of Adorno, Horkheimer, and Marcuse in the context of current debates and issues in environmental sociology: (1) the constructionism/realism debate and its relation to the critique of ideology; (2) the role of science and technology in human–nature relations; and (3) how society might bring itself into a sustainable and ethical relationship with the environment. I argue the Frankfurt School’s metatheory can help environmental sociologists denaturalize human–nature relations that appear fixed; explain how their theories of science and technology transcend the debate of whether science and technology are harmful to or helpful for the environment; and show that the underpinning normative goal of early critical theory was to reconcile human–nature relations. In addit...
In vivo Cigarette Smoke Exposure Decreases CCL20, SLPI, and BD-1 Secretion by Human Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells

Abstract Smokers and individuals exposed to second hand cigarette smoke (SHCS) have a higher risk of developing chronic sinus and bronchial infections. This suggests that cigarette smoke (CS) has adverse effects on immune defenses against pathogens. Epithelial cells are important in airway innate immunity and are the first line of defense against infection. Airway epithelial cells form a physical barrier, but also respond to the presence of microbes by secreting antimicrobials, cytokines and chemokines. These molecules can lyse infectious microorganisms and/or provide signals critical to the initiation of adaptive immune responses. We examined the effects of cigarette smoke on antimicrobial secretions of primary human nasal epithelial cells (PHNEC). Compared to non-CS exposed individuals, PHNEC from in-vivo cigarette smoke exposed individuals secreted less CCL20, BD-1, and SLPI apically, less BD-1 and SLPI basolaterally, and more CCL20 basolaterally. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure in vitro decreased the apical secretion of CCL20 and beta defensin-1 by PHNEC from non-CS exposed individuals. Exposing PHNEC from non-CS exposed to cigarette smoke extract also significantly decreased the levels of many mRNA transcripts that are involved in immune signaling. Our results show that in-vivo or in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke alters the secretion of key antimicrobial peptides from PHNEC, but that in-vivo CS exposure is a much more important modifier of antimicrobial peptide secretion. Based on the gene expression data, it appears that cigarette smoke extract disrupts multiple immune signaling pathways in PHNEC. Our results provide mechanistic insight into how cigarette smoke exposure alters the innate immune response and increases an individual’s susceptibility to pathogen infection.
Keeping an Eye on Power in Maintaining Racial Oppression and Race-Based Violence.

It seems to me that the real political task in a society such as ours is to criticize the workings of institutions, which appear to be both neutral and independent; to criticize them in such a mann...
Quantitative genetics of juvenile hormone esterase, juvenile hormone binding and general esterase activity in the cricket Gryllus assimilis

Quantitative genetics of juvenile hormone esterase, juvenile hormone binding and general esterase activity in the cricket Gryllus assimilis
Prevalence of overweight /obesity and its relevant influencing factors among occupational populations in Beijing

Objective To understand prevalence of overweight and its influencing factors among occupational populations in Beijing. Methods With multi-stage stratified sampling,4 regions were selected in Beijing and one or two units were randomly selected from each region. All of staffs aged 18- 60 years old in 6 units were enrolled including civil servants, technicians and enterprise personnel. Results The valid rate of questionnaire was 98. 8%. 1898 persons were investigated including 985( 51. 9%) males,898 females( 47. 3%). 1106 administrative staffs( 58. 3%),432 technical persons(22. 8%) and 360 enterprise groups(19. 0%). The numbers of civil servants,technical and enterprise personnel were 1106,432 and 360,respectively. The rates of overweight were 29. 8% and the rates of obesity were 9. 2%. All of them,the rates of overweight and obesity of civil servants were 31. 5% and 9. 0%,31. 1% and 7. 4% in technical personnel,22. 8% and 11. 8% in enterprise groups,respectively. Logistic multi-factors analysis showed that gender( OR = 0. 697,95% CI: 0. 502- 0. 936),age( OR = 1. 042,95% CI: 1. 026- 1. 058),drinking( OR = 1. 499,95% CI: 1. 083- 1. 898), frequency of work overtime(OR = 0. 830,95% CI: 0. 697- 0. 988) were influencing factors in civil servants. Age(OR = 1. 031,95% CI: 1. 010- 1. 053),smoking(OR = 0. 610,95% CI: 0. 236- 1. 577),work time( OR = 0. 641,95% CI: 0. 422- 0. 974) were influencing factors in technical staffs. Gender( OR = 0. 505,95% CI: 0. 288- 0. 886),age(OR =1. 033,95% CI: 1. 008-1. 059),smoking(OR =1. 630,95% CI: 0. 605-4. 389) were influencing factors in enterprise groups. Conclusion Health education and health promotion activities should be enhanced in occupational populations in order to help them establish health habits.
Evolutionary relevance and experience contribute to face discrimination in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta).

In human children and adults, familiar face types—typically own-age and own-species faces—are discriminated better than other face types; however, human infants do not appear to exhibit an own-age bias but instead better discriminate adult faces, which they see more often. There are two possible explanations for this pattern: Perceptual attunement predicts advantages in discrimination for the most experienced face types. Additionally or alternatively, there may be an experience-independent bias for infants to discriminate own-species faces, an adaptation for evolutionarily relevant faces. These possibilities have not been disentangled in studies thus far, and these studies did not control infants’ early experiences with faces. In the present study, we tested these predictions in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) reared under controlled environments, not exposed to adult conspecifics. We measured newborns’ (15–25 days; n = 27) and 6- to 7-month-olds’ (n = 35) discrimination of human and macaque faces at 3 a...
The Presence of an Antibacterial Glycoprotein in a Spectrum of Transitional Cell Carcinomas

Abstract The mucin lining of the bladder is thought to serve as a primary defense mechanism against bacterial colonization, and has recently been implicated in the urothelial resistance to carcinogenic insult. We have isolated a unique glycoprotein fraction (GP1) of this lining from the normal rabbit bladder which may have a function in preventing bacterial adherence and colonization in the urinary tract. This glycoprotein has been shown to bind to a wide range of uropathic bacteria. The present study examines changes in the bladder’s antibacterial defense mechanisms as measured by GP1 expression in the neoplastic state. Using an anti-GPl serum, immunohistochemical staining was performed on 20 paraffinized and fresh frozen transitional cell carcinomas ranging from low grade, superficial tumors to high grade, invasive tumors. The presence of GP1 was seen throughout the mucosal layer in normal specimens with increased amounts noted towards the mucosal surface. Progressively decreased expression was noted with increasing grades of all transitional carcinoma specimens. Mucosal field changes in GP1 expression were not noted in any of the patients. Intestinal mucosal controls failed to detect the presence of GP1. These studies suggest that the expression of GP1 decreases with tumor dedifferentiation and that bladder tumorogenesis may serve a role in handicapping the bladder’s primary antibacterial defense mechanism.
Using Theory Integration to Explore Complex Health Problems

Although nursing leaders call for theory utilization in research, use remains low within the discipline. The purpose of this article is to explore the application of interdisciplinary integration of models and theories to nursing research. An example of theory integration for the purposes of guiding a study relevant to school nursing is described. A conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure based on the Neuman's systems model, a nursing theory, integrated with the social communication model of pain, a psychology model, was developed to guide the study to examine pain assessment for schoolchildren with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
An Empirical Review of Peer-Mediated Interventions Implications for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Peer-mediated instruction and intervention (PMII) is a systematic, evidence-based method for addressing the social-communication needs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite exist...
PMT evaluation for the Daya Bay neutrino experiment

Detailed measurements have been conducted to evaluate 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMT) from three vendors for the Daya Bay neutrino experiment.
Emerging adults without a driver's license engage in more transportation-related physical activity to school/work in certain environmental contexts

Abstract The aim was to examine the moderation effect of driving licensure status on the association between different environmental contexts and transportation-related physical activity to and from school and/or work (TPA-SW) among emerging adults. The data were from Wave 4 (n = 2026, year 2013) of the NEXT Generation Health Study, an annual assessment of a nationally representative cohort across the nine U.S. Census Divisions. The outcome variable, TPA-SW, was derived from walking or cycling as modes of travel to and from school and/or work. Environmental context variables included residence, college attendance, and work status. Driving licensure status indicated whether or not participants had an independent driver's license. Poisson regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to test interactions between environmental context and driving licensure. There were significant interactions between environmental context and licensure. Interaction contrasts indicated that participants who did not have a driver's license engaged in more TPA-SW than their licensed counterparts if they were living at home (β = 1.10, p
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Are Induced by vFLIP and Regulate NF-kB Activation in KSHV-Infected Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells.

Abstract Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) act as second messengers in various cellular signaling cascades. While high levels of ROS induce oxidative stress response and cause cell death, lower levels of ROS in cancer cells can actually promote neoplastic growth and survival. ROS can activate the NF-kB pathway either through activation of the canonical IKK complex or through tyrosine phosphorylation of IkB alpha in a cell-specific manner. Recently it was shown that Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) increased the amount of ROS in Burkitt's lymphoma cells through the actions of its EBER mRNA and viral proteins EBNA2 and LMP1. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gamma-herpesvirus that is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). We investigated whether KSHV also increases ROS levels in PEL cells. We demonstrate that PEL cell lines have higher levels of intracellular ROS than uninfected cells, and highly activated MAPK, a downstream target of ROS. Since KSHV viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP) activates NF-kB in PELs, we examined whether ROS is involved in this signaling pathway. We show that vFLIP potently induced ROS after treatment with doxycycline in vFLIP-inducible Namalwa cells. Inhibition of ROS by an antioxidant PDTC led to a reduction in NF-kB activity in PEL cells. These data suggest that reactive oxygen is a possible signaling mechanism downstream of vFLIP, which mediates NF-kB activation and PEL survival. Furthermore, antioxidants may be useful as pharmacological agents in the treatment of PEL.
Strengthening North Pacific Influences on United States Temperature Variability.

Changes in the frequency of occurrence of atmospheric circulation patterns under a changing climate system has important implications for regional climate variability. While many studies have focused on understanding the trends in the atmospheric pattern amplitudes and probabilities of occurrence, little attention has been given to how the linkages between climate variables and the large-scale patterns have been changing. Here we first document the strengthening relationship between an important North Pacific teleconnection - the East Pacific/North Pacific (EP/NP) pattern – and United States (US) temperature variability since the 1950s. The EP/NP pattern is linked to tropical convection, and consistently the coherence between US temperature anomalies and tropical convection anomalies has also been increasing during the same time period. This upward trend in convection-temperature alignment is most notable during autumn and winter and is absent during the summer. The relationship strengths and trends further suggest that the EP/NP pattern should be incorporated into monthly and seasonal outlooks that are of broad importance to agriculture, industry, and fisheries.
Austrian Economics and Organizational Entrepreneurship: A Typology

We develop a new typology for making sense of the numerous strands of Austrian economics, and we demonstrate how this typology can guide organizational entrepreneurship scholars wishing to ground t...
Mutant p53 perturbs DNA replication checkpoint control through TopBP1 and Treslin.

Accumulating evidence supports the gain-of-function of mutant forms of p53 (mutp53s). However, whether mutp53 directly perturbs the DNA replication checkpoint remains unclear. Previously, we have demonstrated that TopBP1 forms a complex with mutp53s and mediates their gain-of-function through NF-Y and p63/p73. Akt phosphorylates TopBP1 and induces its oligomerization, which inhibits its ATR-activating function. Here we show that various contact and conformational mutp53s bypass Akt to induce TopBP1 oligomerization and attenuate ATR checkpoint response during replication stress. The effect on ATR response caused by mutp53 can be exploited in a synthetic lethality strategy, as depletion of another ATR activator, DNA2, in mutp53-R273H–expressing cancer cells renders cells hypersensitive to cisplatin. Expression of mutp53-R273H also makes cancer cells more sensitive to DNA2 depletion or DNA2 inhibitors. In addition to ATR-activating function during replication stress, TopBP1 interacts with Treslin in a Cdk-dependent manner to initiate DNA replication during normal growth. We find that mutp53 also interferes with TopBP1 replication function. Several contact, but not conformational, mutp53s enhance the interaction between TopBP1 and Treslin and promote DNA replication despite the presence of a Cdk2 inhibitor. Together, these data uncover two distinct mechanisms by which mutp53 enhances DNA replication: ( i ) Both contact and conformational mutp53s can bind TopBP1 and attenuate the checkpoint response to replication stress, and ( ii ) during normal growth, contact (but not conformational) mutp53s can override the Cdk2 requirement to promote replication by facilitating the TopBP1/Treslin interaction.
The Association Between Apartment Layout and Depressive Symptomology among Hispanic/Latino Residents in Low-Income Housing: the AHOME Study.

In this study of low-income Hispanic/Latino adults living in 291 individual apartments in the Bronx, New York, the apartment layout was significantly associated with the odds of depressive symptomology. Women living in apartments in which the most central rooms were the living, dining, or kitchen (i.e., rooms commonly used for communal activities) were less likely to have depressive symptomology (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22–0.86) than women in apartments where the central rooms were lobbies or corridors, adjusting for demographics, health conditions, and housing and neighborhood characteristics. No statistically significant association was observed in men. We present the logic underlying the use of layout variables in this study and discuss the implications it may have for understanding the role of the home environment on psychological distress among inhabitants. The results of this study show how space syntax analysis can be used to better understanding disparities in the risk of depression and offer an additional opportunity for public health stakeholders to identify those most at risk for depression.
Retrorectal epidermoid cyst: report of a case.

A retrorectal epidermoid cyst in a 22-year-old woman is described. Usually such cysts appear as rectal masses or as causes of recurrent perianal abscess and sinus. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of retrorectal epidermoid cysts are discussed.
Management of patients with substernal goiters

Substernal goiters, particularly when asymptomatic, frequently are neglected. This article discusses the incidence, pathogenesis, types, histology (and rate of malignancy), symptomatology, physical findings, diagnostic procedures, and medical and surgical management of substernal goiters, as well as the outcome of substernal goiter therapy. Life-threatening respiratory distress should be avoided with prophylactic or therapeutic early surgical intervention, for, in experienced hands, morbidity rate is low, complications unusual, and overall prognosis excellent.
A Comparative Study of Personality, Values, and Background Characteristics of Artistically Talented, Academically Talented, and Average 11th and 12th Grade Students

In order to determine if artistically talented high school students exhibit unique affective traits and environmental conditions, this study compared personality traits, values, and selected background characteristics of 11th and 12th grade students from 22 western Wisconsin school districts. Three groups of students were identified to represent the Artistically Talented, the Academically Talented, and the Average. Participating students completed the Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire by Cattell, the Allport, Vernon, Lindzey Study of Values, and a Background Questionnaire developed by the researcher. The results indicate that both males and females in the Artistically Talented group are significantly different from the other groups on a number of personality, value, and background variables that were measured.
Public Support for Democratic Reform in post-Mubarak Egypt

This article investigates support for democracy after the overthrow of Egypt’s long-time President Hosni Mubarak. It specifically examines concerns prompting the protests and support for several democratic reforms in Egyptian governance. The results suggest corruption slightly outweighed the lack of democracy as a primary concern of Egyptians over the last few years. Specific democratic reforms such as a fair judicial system and the ability to criticize government receive significant support. Less support is found for equal rights for women and considerably less support for civilian control of the military. The article concludes with a discussion of how little support for providing civilian control over the military may represent an obstacle to a democratic transition. Democratic consolidations are more likely to be successful if democracy is “the only game in town”. 1 The role of the military in the ouster of Mubarak and now Mursi suggests the military has significant influence on Egyptian governance, with little support for altering this institutional arrangement.
My Journey to the Attribution Fields

Abstract In this article I trace the evolution in my thinking about motivation and the development of an attribution theory of motivation and emotion. This history includes positive reactions toward and negative reactions against the achievement motivation theory proposed by my mentor, John Atkinson. In a similar manner, the attribution approach was directed by and contradicts Julian Rotter's concept of locus of control. Although this theory was first examined within the context of achievement striving, it subsequently expanded to incorporate social motivation and social perception, specifically regarding stigma, impression management, political ideology, and helping. The article contains a discussion of some lingering disappointments, including lack of incorporation of the ideas within other theories of motivation and a failure by critics to distinguish a naive theory at the empirical versus theoretical level. Finally, the article ends with an examination of the positive contributions of this attribution approach: the unquestioned reliability (replicability) of the data, the incorporation of a myriad of cognitions and emotions within a tightly knit theoretical network, and the generality across a wide swath of psychological phenomena.
Privacy Preserving Multiclass Classification for Horizontally Distributed Data

With the advent of the era of big data, applying data mining techniques on assembling data from multiple parties (or sources) has become a leading trend. In this work, a Privacy Preserving Multiclass Classification (PPM2C) method is proposed. Experimental results show that PPM2C is workable and stable.
Truss Analysis and Design

The study of trusses begins by looking at these structures simply as deep beams, with the top and bottom chords playing the role of flanges, and the diagonals behaving as a beam web. As such, the first step requires finding only the external reactions, which is a review at this point, but the examples appear different only because the trusses seem more complicated than beams. Lateral loads will be studied in this chapter, and a special case of externally indeterminate supports will also be presented.
Work in Progress: Redefining Home through an Interprofessional Collaborative Research Experience

Beyond the construction aspects of a residence, a home is a context in which individuals engage in meaningful activities of daily living or occupations. How a constructed space is designed can enhance or hinder occupational performance, improve or aggravate a physical condition and promote or disregard sustainable construction. Performance outcomes for people, populations and communities are improved through collaborative team efforts. Interprofessional collaborative experiences allow practitioners to learn from one another and lead the way for effective and accessible environments which promote health, well-being and quality of life.
Making a Difference: Bridging the Gap Between the Ivory Tower and the Community

Keynote address given at the 2019 ASMA Conference as part of the Lifetime Achievement Award ceremony Subscribe to JASM
Spatial Effect of Crime on Peer-to-Peer Lodging Performance:

Safety is a major factor impacting consumers’ participation in peer-to-peer (P2P) economies. Using spatial econometric models, this study examined crime effects on the performance (RevPAR) of P2P l...
Garibaldi’s Revolutionary Atlantic

The first half of the nineteenth-century Atlantic world was a period characterized by the exchange of goods, people, and ideas both national and constitutional. The wide variety of trade routes spanning the Atlantic region allowed for people to reach faraway places, escape prosecution, and for new ideas in newspapers, pamphlets, and books to reach receptive audiences in distant places.
Visualizing the itch-sensing skin arbors

ABSTRACT Diverse sensory neurons exhibit distinct neuronal morphologies with a variety of axon terminal arborizations used to subserve their functions. Due to its clinical significance, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of itch are being intensely studied. However, a complete analysis of itch-sensing terminal arborization morphology is missing. Using a novel MrgprC11CreERT2 transgenic mouse line, we labeled a small subset of itch-sensing neurons that express multiple itch-related molecules including MrgprA3, MrgprC11, histamine receptor H1, IL-31 receptor, 5-HT receptor 1F, natriuretic precursor peptide B, and neuromedin B. By combining sparse genetic labeling and whole-mount PLAP histochemistry, we found that itch-sensing skin arbors exhibit free endings with extensive axonal branching in the superficial epidermis and large receptive fields. These results revealed the unique morphological characteristics of itch-sensing neurons and provide novel insights into the basic mechanisms of itch transmission.
Racial/ethnic differences in prescription opioid misuse and heroin use among a national sample, 1999-2018.

Abstract Objective To characterize racial/ethnic differences in past-year prescription opioid misuse and heroin use. Methods Data on 1,117,086 individuals age 12 and older were from the 1999−2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We compared relative prevalences across 6 racial/ethnic groups for prescription opioid misuse analyses and 4 racial/ethnic groups for heroin analyses. Unadjusted and gender- and age-adjusted prevalences are reported for 5 time periods (1999−2002, 2003−2006, 2007−2010, 2011−2014, 2015−2018). Survey-weighted Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate risk ratios by race/ethnicity and to test for time trends. Results Prescription opioid misuse was significantly higher among non-Hispanic White individuals than among Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals across all time periods, yet was highest among Native American individuals in every time period. The relative difference between White and both Hispanic and Asian individuals significantly widened over time, whereas the gap between Black and White individuals significantly decreased. Early in the study period, heroin use was highest among Black and Hispanic individuals. Heroin use among White individuals first surpassed all other groups in 2007−2010 and continued to steadily increase, more than doubling from 1999−2002 to 2015−2018. Conclusions While heroin use has risen among all racial/ethnic groups, the demographics of heroin use have changed significantly in the past two decades such that prevalence is now highest among White individuals. Opioid prevention and treatment initiatives should both be informed by the changing demographics of heroin use and seek to reduce opioid-related harms and expand treatment access equitably for all racial/ethnic groups.
Integration of Transcriptome and Cell Surface Protein Expression by LinQ-View Identifies Unique Immune Subpopulations

Single cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool for characterizing the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of immune cells during their development and activation. Multimodal advances in single cell sequencing have enabled the simultaneous quantification of cell surface protein expression alongside unbiased transcriptional profiling. Here we present LinQ-View, a toolkit designed for multimodal single cell data visualization and analysis that links transcriptional and cell surface protein expression profiling data. Further, we propose a quantitative metric for cluster purity of CITE-seq data, enabling effective determination of clustering algorithms and their parameters, and finally demonstrate the utility of our toolkit through seamless integration with standard single cell analysis workflows on several public datasets. Through comparison to existing multimodal methods, we demonstrate that LinQ-View generates more accurate cell clusters and is highly efficient, even with massive datasets. LinQ-View is specialized in handling CITE-seq data with routine numbers of surface protein features (e.g. less than 50), by preventing variations in a single surface protein feature from affecting results. Finally, we utilized this method to integrate single cell transcriptional and protein expression data from COVID-19-infected patients and influenza-immunized subjects, revealing antigen-specific B cell subsets and previously unknown T cell subsets post-infection and vaccination.
Give Thanks in All Circumstances? Gratitude Toward God and Health in Later Life after Major Life Stressors.

Gratitude is foundational to well-being throughout the life course, and an emerging body of work suggests that older adults may be more inclined to attribute gratitude to a non-human target (God). ...
Development of Agriculture in Prehistoric Mesoamerica: The Linguistic Evidence

This study uses linguistic data to reconstruct the prehistory of agriculture in Mesoamerica, a cultural and linguistic area of Mexico and northern Central America. Evidence is assembled indicating when, where, and for whom 41 cultivated and protected plants native to the New World became significant to peoples of the region in prehistoric times. The study of prehistoric agriculture has traditionally been the purview of archeologists interested in paleoethnobotany. Nevertheless, this investigation intentionally avoids reference to archeological findings and other nonlinguistic results that may or may not complement those presented here. All conclusions presented in this study are solely on the basis of linguistic data.
Discovering Nature: Globalization and Environmental Culture in China and Taiwan

Robert P. Weller's richly documented account describes the extraordinary transformations which have taken place in Chinese and Taiwanese responses to the environment across the twentieth century. Indeed, both places can be said to have 'discovered' a new concept of nature. The book focuses on nature tourism, anti-pollution movements, and policy implementation to show how the global spread of western ideas about nature has interacted with Chinese traditions. Inevitably differences of understanding across groups have caused problems in administering environmental reforms. They will have to be resolved if the dynamic transformations of the 1980s are to be maintained in the twenty-first century. In spite of a century of independent political development, a comparison between China and Taiwan reveals surprising similarities, showing how globalization and shared cultural traditions have outweighed political differences in shaping their environments. The book will appeal to a broad readership from scholars of Asia, to environmentalists, and anthropologists.
A Benchmarking Methodology for Network Processors

This chapter focuses on the principles of a generalized benchmarking methodology. The methodology essentially defines a template for a benchmark consisting of functional, environment, and measurement specifications. This methodology is customized to the specific requirements and goals of network processor benchmarking. The chapter emphasizes on the network-level interfaces for network processor units (NPUs) based on line card model, the utility of a Click executable description, motivation for application-level benchmarks, and a disciplined approach to identify a set of benchmarks. The important goals of NPU benchmarks are to provide results that are comparable across network processors and are representative and indicative of real-world application performance. In order to meet these goals of NPU benchmarking, this chapter presents a methodology in which comparability of results is achieved by precise specification and separation of benchmark functionality, environment, and means of measurement. In addition to this, for benchmarks to be representative of real-world NPU applications, a correct way to select benchmarks is also very crucial.
Modern tools for weyl-heisenberg (gabor) frame theory

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses modern tools for Weyl–Heisenberg (Gabor) frame theory. Gabor's approach has become the paradigm for the spectral analysis associated with time-frequency methods. In his theory of communication, Gabor formulated a fundamental approach to signal decomposition in terms of elementary signals. He decided to represent a one-dimensional signal in two dimensions, with time and frequency as coordinates and his idea required a tiling of the time-frequency domain by nonoverlapping rectangles. He reasoned that certain optimal elementary signals should provide an efficient decomposition of the information plane. This decomposition should determine countably many components of the information plane, with each component sufficiently localized in time and frequency in a way that a coefficient associated with a component would characterize the amount of information from the component in the signal. Moreover, it should not require smaller components to distinguish different types of information from the component.
Neurocardiology: Therapeutic Implications for Cardiovascular Disease

The term "neurocardiology" refers to physiologic and pathophysiological interplays of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. This selective review provides an update about cardiovascular therapeutic implications of neurocardiology, with emphasis on disorders involving primary or secondary abnormalities of catecholamine systems. Concepts of scientific integrative medicine help understand these disorders. Scientific integrative medicine is not a treatment method or discipline but a way of thinking that applies systems concepts to acute and chronic disorders of regulation. Some of these concepts include stability by negative feedback regulation, multiple effectors, effector sharing, instability by positive feedback loops, allostasis, and allostatic load. Scientific integrative medicine builds on systems biology but is also distinct in several ways. A large variety of drugs and non-drug treatments are now available or under study for neurocardiologic disorders in which catecholamine systems are hyperfunctional or hypofunctional. The future of therapeutics in neurocardiology is not so much in new curative drugs as in applying scientific integrative medical ideas that take into account concurrent chronic degenerative disorders and interactions of multiple drug and non-drug treatments with each other and with those disorders.
Alpha-interferon induced sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic melanoma.

Despite its modest potential benefit, alpha-interferon is one of the most frequently employed therapies for melanoma. With the increasing incidence of melanoma, a parallel increase in interferon use and the associated adverse reactions that accompany interferon therapy should be expected. We present a case of an interferon-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction in a melanoma patient that was initially misinterpreted clinically and radiographically as metastatic melanoma. The etiology of sarcoidosis remains a mystery, but appears to involve Th-1 cytokines such as interferon and interleukin-2. Observance of a sarcoidosis-like reaction induced by interferon therapy lends additional support to the importance of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. It is important for pathologists to be aware of this entity when interpreting biopsies from melanoma patients treated with interferon. North J, Mully T. Alpha-interferon induced sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic melanoma.
Permeability and microstructure of plain and polypropylene fibre reinforced grouts

Abstract Cementitious grouts with and without polypropylene fibres were evaluated for use as containment barriers around waste landfills located in an arid environment. Viscosity, flow time, water permeability and microstructure of the grouts were investigated. Low permeabilities of the order of 10 −11 to 10 −10 cm/s were measured on cement-sand grouts. Permeability was influenced by curing conditions and water/cement ratio. Variation of sand/cement ratio by mass from 1 to 1.2 and addition of 0.1 to 0.2% volume fraction fibres did not affect permeability significantly.
Atomistic simulations of fracture in the B2 phase of the Nb–Ti–Al system

Abstract Atomistic simulations of the crack tip configuration in the B2 phase of Nb-rich alloys in the Nb–Ti–Al are presented. The alloy compositions studied are Nb–16Al–16Ti and Nb–16Al–33Ti. The simulations were carried out using molecular statics and empirical embedded atom method (EAM) potentials for the ternary system developed in previous work. The behavior of a semi-infinite crack was studied under mode I loading for different crack tip geometries. The crack was embedded in a simulation cell with periodic boundary conditions along the direction parallel to the crack front and fixed boundary conditions along the periphery of the simulation cell. The quasi-static simulations were carried out using a molecular statics relaxation technique to obtain the minimum energy configuration of the atoms starting from their initial elastic positions, under increasingly higher stress intensities. The competition between dislocation emission and cleavage was studied in these alloys as a function of Ti content. Cracks along {110}-type planes with crack fronts oriented along different directions were studied. The alloys showed increased ductility with increased Ti content. The simulations show more ductile behavior than other intermetallics, due to easier dislocation emission processes at the crack tip.
Impact of Residential Photovoltaic Power Systems on the Distribution Feeder

A computer study was conducted to evaluate the impact of distributed residential photovoltaic power system on the feeder. This study indicated that the PV system would not seriously effect the feeder voltage. It also indicated that an inverter power factor of 0.85 would be acceptable.
Measurements and calculations of the performance of a multi-element neutron detector

Abstract Large, multi-element scintillation detectors are increasingly being used in neutron experiments, particularly at medium energies, to provide the coincidence requirements needed for kinematic constraints and background rejection. These arrays involve specialized techniques for event processing and calibration, and their development has created the need for new simulation programs. We describe the design and testing of such a program, including detailed discussions of procedures for event reconstruction detector calibration, and resolution measurements for segmented detectors. The discussions are illustrated using a prototype array composed of three 51×16×4 cm3 planes, each consisting of four scintillator bars 51 cm in length. Comparisons are made to measurements obtained with tagged beams of neutrons and protons at energies of 100–200 MeV. Very good agreement is obtained for efficiencies, resolutions, energy losses, inter-element velocities, and angular distributions. The results allow detailed analyses of the effect of charge-particle vetos and the assumptions about carbon breakup reactions in organic scintillators.
War Is Not Inevitable

The problem with Freud's answer to Einstein's question, “Is there any way of delivering mankind from the menace of war?” is that it was wrong. In his 1932 “Why War?” Freud held that human destructi...
A balance theory explanation of challenges confronting cross-sex friendships

This study was part of an ongoing investigation into four of the potential challenges confronting women and men in cross-sex fiendships (O’Meara, 1989). Unlike previous research, which explored the perspective of only one member of each cross-sex fnendship, this study examined the perspectives of both individuals in cross-sex fienhhips. The levels of actual and perceived agreement and understanding were investigated through utilization of a variation of Heiderian Balance Theory and Laing’s Interpersonal Perception Method. Seventy three pairs of cross-sex fiends completed a survey examining direct perspectives, metaperspectives, and meta-metaperspectives, on the four challenges. Over 92% of the participants were heterosexual, 68% were Caucasian, 10% were Afican American, 10% were Hispanic, 3% were Asian, 4% were Native American, and 5% indicated “other.” Results indicate that cross-sex fiends generally agree that O’Meara’s four challenges present only minimal problems in their individual relationships, and that balance theory provides a viable explanation of how perceived agreement and understanding concerning challenges are arrived at within cross-sex fnendships. Additionally, results illustrating disagreements and misunderstandings within cross-sex friendships highlight the importance of looking at the perspectives of both individuals within a dyad.