cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of bioturbation on petrophysical properties: Insights from geostatistical and flow simulation modeling

Abstract As observed in many outcrops and cores, Thalassinoides burrow networks (TBN) within Glossifungites surfaces can be important for permeability enhancement, because the coarse-sediment infill provides permeable pathways in otherwise less permeable media. To explore the effect of bioturbation on reservoir quality, this study uses geostatistical models and fluid-flow-simulation models of TBN and burrow medium (matrix) of hypothetical TBN-bearing strata. Analysis of these models reveals a well-connected burrow network can occur in strata of as little as 12% burrow intensity, and burrow connectivity increases nonlinearly with increases in burrow intensity. Numerical flow simulations of TBN models indicate that gas production cumulative (GPC) is controlled primarily by TBN connectivity and matrix permeability. With an impermeable matrix, production comes through TBN (50 mD average permeability), starts only at burrow intensity of 30%, and GPC increases linearly with burrow intensity. With a permeable matrix (5 mD average permeability), and low permeability contrast between matrix and TBN (one order of magnitude) production starts at relatively low TBN intensity (4%), and GPC increases nonlinearly with burrow intensity. The interaction between matrix and TBN seems to connect more isolated TBN bodies, and increase GPC, and likely help the gas diffusion from matrix through TBN. The fluid flow simulation also illustrates the likelihood of the presence of permeability that drives early water breakthrough (super k) at burrow intensity > 50%. The results advance quantitative understanding of the impact of burrow connectivity on fluid flow properties of TBN-bearing strata and provide a workflow that can be used to model other burrow morphologies to understand their impact on flow properties of bioturbated reservoirs.
Sex Differences in Rotenone Sensitivity Reflect the Male-to-Female Ratio in Human Parkinson’s Disease Incidence

There is a critical need to include female subjects in disease research; however, in Parkinson’s disease, where the male-to-female incidence is about 1.5-to-1, the majority of preclinical research is conducted in male animals. The mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, rotenone, is selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons, and reproduces several neuropathological features of Parkinson’s disease, including α-synuclein pathology. Rotenone has been primarily utilized in male Lewis rats; however, pilot studies in age-matched female Lewis rats revealed that our usual dose (2.8 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal [i.p.]) did not cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Therefore, we compared rotenone-treated males (2.8 mg/kg/day, i.p.) to females at increasing doses (2.8 mg/kg/day, 3.2 mg/kg/day, 3.6 mg/kg/day, and 1.6 mg/kg bis in die, i.p.). Female rats receiving 3.2 mg/kg, and 3.6 mg/kg rotenone displayed significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra as assessed by stereology, which was accompanied by a loss of striatal dopaminergic terminals. Even at these higher doses, however, females showed less inflammation, and less accumulation of α-synuclein and transferrin, possibly as a result of preserved autophagy. Thus, the bias toward increased male incidence of human Parkinson’s disease is reflected in the rotenone model. Whether such sex differences will translate into differences in responses to mechanism-driven therapeutic interventions remains to be determined.
130 – Gelatinase B

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the activity, specificity and structural chemistry of Gelatinase B (GelB). GelB is secreted as a proenzyme and has to be activated for enzymological studies. All known modes of matrix metalloprotease activation in vitro result in a proteolysis removal of the N-terminal propeptide involving a cysteine switch mechanism. Gelatin is by far the most favored substrate of GelB in vitro. The abundance of gelatin, and the physiological role of its proteolysis in tissues is not well documented and the substrate specificity of GelB in tissues remains a subject of controversy. The latter has been a major contributor to the fact that multiple names have been given to the enzyme. The GelB protein contains 17 cysteine residues. The propeptide contains one conserved Cys99 that plays an essential role in the maintenance of the proenzyme state by interacting with the zinc ion of the active center and is cleaved off upon enzyme activation. The dimer has a slightly different kinetic of proteolytic activation and 10-fold affinity in gelatin binding.
A new summation formula for WP-Bailey pairs

In the present paper we describe a new transformation involving WP-Bailey pairs, and describe some of the implications of this transformation. In particular, we show how various theta functions which have representations in terms of certain kinds of Lambert series, may also be represented by basic hypergeometric series involving an arbitrary derived WP-Bailey pair. Throughout the paper we employ the usual notations
A less perfect captain: Reconsidering Goffredo in the Gerusalemme Liberata:

This article seeks to problematize our understanding of Tasso’s depiction of Goffredo in the Gerusalemme Liberata. I do so by considering how Tasso revised three passages of the Gottifredo—his poem...
Immunization Compliance Management

Immunizations help protect individual students and those around them from viral and bacterial diseases. To ensure campus populations are protected, many states and universities require students to be immunized. These requirements differ depending on the laws in each state, and can also differ by school. There are strategies that can be utilized to communicate the importance of vaccines and the specific requirements to students and parents to increase immunization compliance. The process of reviewing immunization documentation may differ depending on the size and vaccine requirements of each college or university.
Water entry dynamics of spheres with heterogeneous wetting properties

Water entry studies traditionally employ homogeneous projectiles of varying impactor shape, entry speed, and surface roughness. Surface heterogeneity is yet another means to manipulate splash dynamics. In this experimental study, we systematically investigate the water entry of smooth, free-falling, hemispherically-coated spheres for Froude numbers in the range of 2.8-6.7. Half-hydrophobic, half-hydrophilic spheres released in various orientations produce deep seal cavities, and provoke orientation dependent super-surface splash features and sphere dynamics.
Chronic meningitis

Chronic meningitis is a syndrome commonly defined by the presence of continuously persistent meningeal inflammation for at least 4 weeks. Presenting neurologic features are often nonspecific, and the list of differential diagnoses is broad. Despite the development of modern molecular diagnostic methods, establishing a specific cause may challenge the acumen of the treating neurologist with clues to the diagnosis residing outside the nervous system and requiring focused investigation. This review discusses selected etiologies illustrating issues in diagnosis and etiologic categories to be considered in the evaluation of this challenging syndrome.
Low-dimensional encoding of decisions in parietal cortex reflects long-term training history

Abstract Neurons in parietal cortex exhibit task-related activity during decision-making tasks. However, it remains unclear how long-term training to perform different tasks over months or even years shapes neural computations and representations. We examine lateral intraparietal area (LIP) responses during a visual motion delayed-match-to-category (DMC) task. We consider two pairs of monkeys with different training histories: one trained only on the DMC task, and another first trained to perform fine motion-direction discrimination. We introduce generalized multilinear models to quantify low-dimensional, task-relevant components in population activity. During the DMC task, we found stronger cosine-like motion-direction tuning in the pretrained monkeys than in the DMC-only monkeys, and that the pretrained monkeys’ performance depended more heavily on sample-test stimulus similarity. These results suggest that sensory representations in LIP depend on the sequence of tasks that the animals have learned, underscoring the importance of training history in studies with complex behavioral tasks.
Cyber-Fundraising and North Carolina Public Libraries.

In February 2002, Governor Michael F. Easley announced that NorthCarolina was suffering from a $900 million budget deficit. TheGovernor’s solution to this problem was to withhold $209 million instate payments to local governments, which in turn forced many toslash local budgets.1 Because public libraries are heavily subsidizedthrough these revenues, budget cuts loomed ominously over NorthCarolina public libraries and their leaders. Libraries in western NorthCarolina were faced with losing as much as 50 percent of their funding.2
Indiana: A Textual Analysis of Facial Description

During the last decade, a new interest in George Sand has prompted a number of interesting sociological, biographical, and psychological studies. Although a few articles have focused on detailed textual aspects of Sand's work, much more needs to be done to assess her specifically literary achievement. In this textual study of the placement and semantic content of physical description in Indiana, my aim is to show that Sand is worthy of the close attention received by such major writers as Haubert. Through references to that author's Madame Bovary, published twenty-five years after Indiana, I will suggest some of the ways in which Sand's descriptive practices intersected, prefigured, and perhaps even influenced those of her celebrated friend and correspondent.
Characterizing the quality of second-graders' observations and explanations to inform the design of educative curriculum materials

Recording observations and constructing evidence-based explanations are key aspects of inquiry-oriented science teaching and are essential to learning authentic science. However, little is known about the kinds of observations and explanations early elementary school students can make and the ways educative curriculum materials can support students' and teachers' learning about these inquiry practices. In this study, we describe the quality of second graders' drawings and descriptions of their observations and the explanations they construct from their observations during an inquiry-based unit. Our results show that despite some success in making drawings, descriptions, and explanations, children still face many difficulties when engaged in these inquiry tasks. These findings suggest specific areas in which scaffolding for students may be warranted. The findings also point to areas where it may be important to provide additional guidance for teachers. We make recommendations for these student and teacher supports.
The Perfidy of Albion: Britain's Secret Re-Assessment of the Balfour Declaration

The issuance by the Government of Great Britain of the Balfour Declaration in 1917 had great consequences for the subsequent history of Palestine and the Middle East. As it was administering Palestine and implementing the Balfour Declaration in the 1920s, the British Government reported to the League of Nations that it could successfully achieve the Declaration's aim, namely, the promotion of a Jewish national home in Palestine, while at the same time respecting the rights of the existing (predominantly Arab) population. In its own internal discussion of Palestine, however, the British Government concluded that these two goals were incompatible, and that serious conflict was inevitable. It decided nonetheless, for reasons relating to its own geostrategic interests, to continue to administer Palestine and to implement the Balfour Declaration, and to continue to tell the League of Nations that it could do so successfully.
Experimental demonstration of RF photonic downconversion from 4–40 GHz

We present downconversion results using our coherent RF-to-bits photonic receiver. Single-digit decibel conversion loss is achieved into the millimeter-wave band. Digitization and linearity of the downconverted signal are also discussed.
Cost-Benefit Analysis Without Analyzing Costs of Benefits: Reasonable Accommodation, Balancing, and Stigmatic Harms

Is an accommodation reasonable, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, if and only if the benefits are roughly proportional to the costs? How should benefits and costs be assessed? Should courts asks about how much disabled employees are willing to pay to obtain the accommodation, or instead how much they would have to be paid not to have the accommodation? How should stigmatic or expressive harms be valued? This essay, written for a symposium on the work of Judge Richard A. Posner, engages these questions in a discussion of an important opinion in which Judge Posner denied accommodations involving the lowering of a sink in a kitchenette and a request for telecommuting. The problem with the analysis in that opinion is that it does not seriously analyze either costs or benefits. A general lesson is that while cost-benefit balancing can helpfully discipline unreliable intuitions about the effects of requested accommodations, it can also incorporate those intuitions. Another lesson is that stigmatic harms and daily humiliations deserve serious attention as part of the inquiry into which accommodations are reasonable, and that the removal of those harms and humiliations can create real benefits. Adequate cost-benefit analyses must attempt to measure and include those benefits.
Operator valued frames on C*-modules

Frames on Hilbert C*-modules have been defined for unital C*-algebras by Frank and Larson and operator valued frames on a Hilbert space have been studied in arXiv.0707.3272v1.[math.FA]. Goal of the present paper is to introduce operator valued frames on a Hilbert C*-module for a sigma-unital C*-algebra. Theorem 1.4 reformulates the definition given by Frank and Larson in terms of a series of rank-one operators converging in the strict topology. Theorem 2.2. shows that the frame transform and the frame projection of an operator valued frame are limits in the strict topology of a series of elements in the multiplier algebra and hence belong to it. Theorem 3.3 shows that two operator valued frames are right similar if and only if they share the same frame projection. Theorem 3.4 establishes a one to one correspondence between Murray-von Neumann equivalence classes of projections in the multiplier algebra and right similarity equivalence classes of operator valued frames and provides a parametrization of all Parseval operator-valued frames on a given Hilbert C*-module. Left similarity is then defined and Proposition 3.9 establishes when two left unitarily equivalent frames are also right unitarily equivalent.
Distribution and evolutionary significance of mitochondrial plasmids in Neurospora spp.

Abstract A mitochondrial plasmid line in the fungal genus Neurospora is geographically widely distributed and occurs in isolates of at least two species. On the basis of characterization with restriction endonucleases, it is apparent that plasmids from isolates of Neurospora tetrasperma are more closely related to one another than to an evolutionarily homologous plasmid from Neurospora intermedia; N. tetrasperma plasmids from Surinam and Hawaii differed from one another only slightly by our analysis, whereas the plasmid from N. intermedia (Fiji) exhibited substantial restriction site divergence from all N. tetrasperma plasmids. We believe these observations strengthen the presumption that four-spored isolates of Neurospora spp. represent a natural taxonomic grouping (N. tetrasperma). The plasmids from N. tetrasperma and N. intermedia (Fiji), although clearly related to each other as shown by hybridization studies, exhibited no detectable homology with either of two additional plasmid lines from isolates of Neurospora spp. Nor did they exhibit homology with the mitochondrial genome. Despite this lack of homology among three distinct plasmid lines, all the plasmids may possess a common mode of replication.
Transport of amino acids into the oestrogen-primed uterus. Enhancement of the uptake by a preliminary incubation

Abstract 1. Preincubation of the immature rat uterus under physiological conditions was found to increase its subsequent ability to transport α-aminoisobutyric acid, l-proline, l-alanine and 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid. Uptakes of l-valine, l-phenylalanine and l-leucine were not affected. With α-aminoisobutyric acid, a doubling of the uptake could be obtained after a 3–5h preincubation period. Uteri from oestradiol-primed rats gave increases similar to those found in tissues from untreated animals. In both cases the preincubation increased the Vmax. of α-aminoisobutyric acid uptake but did not affect the Km. 2. The conditions during the preincubation period determined the increase in subsequent uptake of α-aminoisobutyric acid. No increase in uptake was found if the preincubation was carried out at 1°C, in the presence of cyanide or dinitrophenol, under anaerobiosis or with a concentration of puromycin that depressed incorporation of l-leucine into protein by 95%. The puromycin was also shown to prevent the increase in Vmax. normally found after the preincubation period. In addition, no increase was found if Na+ was omitted from the preincubation medium. Other inorganic ions had smaller effects. 3. The uptake of α-aminoisobutyric acid by uteri before and after a preincubation period showed the same general patterns of sensitivity to competitive inhibitors, K+, pH, temperature and 2,4-dinitrophenol. 4. The results suggest that the preincubation leads to an increase in a protein component of the `A system' for amino acid transport in the uterus, and that metabolic energy is required for the reactions involved.
Radio Wave Propagation in the Corona and the Interplanetary Medium

Radio wave propagation through an inhomogeneous, random plasma produces a variety of observable phenomena — group delay, Faraday rotation, refraction, angular broadening, spectral broadening, and scintillations in phase, amplitude, and frequency. These may be exploited to constrain the mean and fluctuating properties of the medium through a variety of remote sensing techniques. In the case of the solar corona and the solar wind, the mean density, magnetic field, solar wind speed, and the spatial spectrum of the density fluctuations can all be constrained in regions that are inaccessible to in situ measurements.
New formulation of the type IIB superstring action in AdS5 × S 5

Previous studies of the type IIB superstring in an AdS_5×S^5 background are based on a description of the superspace geometry as the quotient space PSU(2,2|4)/SO(4,1)×SO(5). This paper develops an alternative approach in which the Grassmann coordinates provide a nonlinear realization of PSU(2,2|4) based on the quotient space PSU(2,2|4)/SU(2,2)×SU(4), and the bosonic coordinates are described as a submanifold of SU(2,2)×SU(4). This formulation keeps all bosonic symmetries manifest, and it provides the complete dependence on the Grassmann coordinates in terms of simple analytic expressions. It is used to construct the superstring world-sheet action in a form in which the PSU(2,2|4) symmetry is manifest and kappa symmetry can be established. This formulation might have some advantages compared to previous ones, but this remains to be demonstrated.
Automated Determination of Serum Iron

An automated procedure for measurement of serum iron concentration is presented. Iron released from the serum transferrin by acid treatment in the presence of ascorbic acid was dialyzed into a buffer capable of maintaining the diffusate at a pH suitable for instantaneous and complete color formation with 4,7-diphenyl-1,10 phenanthroline sulfonate. Procedural details, diffusability of iron, precision, and accuracy are described.
Testing the utility of paleonutrient proxies Cd/Ca and Zn/Ca in benthic foraminifera from thermocline waters

[1] Reconstruction of oceanic nutrient concentrations in the past provides information about nutrient cycling and physical circulation and the role these processes have played in past climate changes. The Cd/Ca and Zn/Ca of benthic foraminifera have been used successfully to reconstruct past deep ocean nutrient concentrations. In this study we test the ability of benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and Zn/Ca to detect changes in thermocline nutrient concentrations using a set of 31 multicores collected in the Florida Straits. Multicore sites span depths of 173–751 m, estimated seawater Cd concentrations of 0.02–0.42 nmol kg−1, and estimated seawater Zn concentrations of 0.3–3.1 nmol kg−1. Cd/Ca in several taxa of benthic foraminifera captures the regional differences and general shape of the nutricline on either side of the Florida Straits, indicating that it is capable of resolving small changes in upper ocean nutrient concentrations in the past. We estimate that the upper ocean partition coefficient for calcitic Cd/Ca may be slightly higher than the established value. Low seawater Zn concentrations combined with low partition coefficients and slight laboratory contamination severely complicated the evaluation of benthic foraminiferal Zn/Ca. However, at least one species, C. pachyderma, incorporates Zn with a relatively high partition coefficient (∼22), minimizing these complications. C. pachyderma Zn/Ca reflects the regional differences and general shape of the nutricline on either side of the Florida Straits and demonstrates potential for thermocline paleoceanography.
Screening for PTSD in motor vehicle accident survivors using the PSS-SR and IES

The current study compares the total scores of two potential posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening tools, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the PTSD Symptom Scale, Self-Report (PSS-SR), to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) in a large sample of motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors (N = 229, of whom 43% met criteria for PTSD). For the IES using a cutoff score of 27, sensitivity was .91, specificity was .72, and overall correct classification was .80. For the PSS-SR using a cutoff score of 14, sensitivity was .91, specificity was .62, and overall correct classification was .74. Compared to those in studies of other trauma populations, the identified IES cutoff score is somewhat lower for this population of MVA survivors and the identified PSS-SR cutoff score is consistent with previous findings. These data support the use of the IES and the PSS-SR as PTSD screening tools in MVA samples.
The sequence of the chromosomal mouse β-globin major gene: Homologies in capping, splicing and poly(A) sites

Abstract We have determined the entire nucleotide sequence of a cloned β-globin maj gene derived from the BALB/c mouse. This sequence is 1567 bases long and includes the 5′ cap region as well as the presumptive poly(A) addition site of β-globin mRNA. The sequence establishes the fact that the gene is encoded in three discontinuous segments of DNA interrupted by two intervening sequences and precisely locates each. The smaller intervening sequence, 116 bases long, occurs between Arg and Leu codons at codon positions 30 and 31. The larger intervening sequence of 646 bases also occurs between Arg and Leu codons, but at codon positions 104 and 105. There is striking homology between the borders of the two intervening sequences, but no extensive dyad symmetry. Furthermore, the DNA region that just precedes and overlaps the 5′ cap structure of the mRNA shows homology to corresponding regions in other eucaryotic genes including the late adenovirus promoter. The 3′ untranslated sequence is closely homologous to that of the rabbit β-globin mRNA. The sequence thus allows us to identify several noncoding regions of potential importance for the expression and processing of genetic information. It also provides a basis for future comparison with other sequenced genes and a defined substrate for the development of direct tests of gene function.
Extreme Leydig cell hyperplasia associated with two other endocrine changes; a case report.

INTRODUCTION STUDIES of the Leydig cells of the testes have, to date, resulted in extreme confusion. Although the histology has been well described there are numerous and conflicting reports about their embryology, physiology and pathology. It would, therefore, be well to collect cases of the pathologic states of these testicular interstitial cells and to attempt to correlate them with some of the clinical endocrine changes. CASE REPORT The patient, a 54-year-old white farmer, developed hallucinations in 1929 and was first admitted to a neuropsychiatric hospital on June thirteenth of that year. His case was diagnosed as dementia praecox, hebephrenic type. He was single, and nothing unusual was noted about his sex habits. His use of alcohol was moderate, and he used snuff regularly. Venereal disease was denied. As a child he had mumps and pertussis. It is not known if there was orchitis with the mumps. He was said to have had small testes since childhood.
Nanosized CuO Encapsulated Silica Particles Using an Electrochemical Deposition Coating

An electrochemical deposition coating method was developed to encapsulate submicrometer sized silica particles with nanosized CuO particles. The particle size of the as-synthesized CuO particles was estimated to be below 10 nm from X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thickness of the coating layer measured using TEM ranged from a few nanometers to about 20 nm. The optical absorption spectrum exhibited evidence of formation of CuO nanocrystals with dimensions on the order of a few nanometers as a result of the quantum confinement effect. Zeta potential analysis also proved the presence of CuO coating layer and full surface coverage of the silica particles.
Clitoral priapism: a rare condition presenting as a cause of vulvar pain

Background: Priapism of the clitoris is an exceedingly rare condition that often creates a very difficult situation for both the patient and physician. Although patients present with various symptoms, the most consistent initial symptoms have been clitoral swelling and pain. The majority of cases reported thus far stem from the use of certain psychotropic medications. Case report: A 47-year-old woman presented with vulvar and clitoral pain; she stated that the pain was mostly clitoral in origin. The symptoms initially started as clitoral burning of short duration (2–3 min) followed by swelling and pain. The events have been recurrent for the past 3–4 years, increasing in frequency and lasting for up to 6–8 hours at a time. The symptoms first appeared shortly after the patient received trazodone hydrochloride. She is not sexually active, and none of the episodes has been incited by stimulation or associated with orgasm. She is currently using sumatriptan succinate and lorazepam for migraine headaches and anxiety disorder, respectively. The clitoral swelling was witnessed by two physicians; no additional vulvar or pelvic pathology was identified. The patient responded initially to treatment with imipramine hydrochloride and discontinuation of trazodone hydrochloride. Conclusion: Clitoral priapism is a rare condition that may develop during therapy with certain psychotropic medications, specifically those having α-adrenergic blockade. Clinicians should be aware of this condition in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Lithium phenolates solvated by tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane: structure determination using the method of continuous variation.

The method of continuous variation in conjunction with 6Li NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize lithium phenolates solvated by tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The strategy relies on the formation of ensembles of homo- and heteroaggregated phenolates. The symmetries and concentration dependencies of the heteroaggregates attest to the aggregation numbers of the homoaggregates. The structurally diverse phenols afford substrate- and solvent-dependent combinations of lithium phenolate monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers. We discuss the refinement of protocols for characterizing O-lithiated species. Computational studies examine further the substituent and solvent dependencies of aggregation.
Antidepressant-like effects of novel triple reuptake inhibitors, PRC025 and PRC050

Most currently prescribed antidepressants act by selectively increasing the synaptic availability of serotonin or norepinephrine, or through action on both serotonin and norepinephrine. However, most therapies require several weeks of treatment before improvement of symptoms is observed and not all patients respond to antidepressant treatment. One strategy that has emerged in new antidepressant development is the use of triple reuptake inhibitors, which inhibit reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These compounds have been hypothesized to have a more rapid onset of activity and better efficacy over single or dual reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in part due to the addition of the dopamine component. We have developed novel compounds that are analogs of venlafaxine, of which two, racemic PRC025 ((2SR, 3RS)-N,N-dimethyl-3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-2-(2'-naphthyl)propylamine) and PRC050 ((2RS,3RS)-N-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-(2'-naphthyl)-3-phenylpropylamine), are highly potent at human serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters and inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine into rat brain synaptosomes. These compounds were tested in animal models used to evaluate potential antidepressants: the forced swim test in rats and the tail suspension test in mice. In the forced swim test, both PRC025 and PRC050 reduced the time spent immobile and increased the time spent swimming, comparable to the effects seen with imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant. In addition, both PRC025 and PRC050 were effective in reducing the time spent immobile in the tail suspension test, again with effects comparable to imipramine. Therefore it appears that our compounds may possess antidepressant activity and represent a new class of triple reuptake inhibitors.
Disabled-2 exhibits the properties of a cargo-selective endocytic clathrin adaptor

Clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface select material for transportation into the cell interior. A major mode of cargo selection at the bud site is via the μ2 subunit of the AP-2 adaptor complex, which recognizes tyrosine-based internalization signals. Other internalization motifs and signals, including phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, also tag certain proteins for incorporation into a coated vesicle, but the mechanism of selection is unclear. Disabled-2 (Dab2) recognizes the FXNPXY internalization motif in LDL-receptor family members via an N-terminal phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain. Here, we show that in addition to binding AP-2, Dab2 also binds directly to phosphoinositides and to clathrin, assembling triskelia into regular polyhedral coats. The FXNPXY motif and phosphoinositides contact different regions of the PTB domain, but can stably anchor Dab2 to the membrane surface, while the distal AP-2 and clathrin-binding determinants regulate clathrin lattice assembly. We propose that Dab2 is a typical member of a growing family of cargo-specific adaptor proteins, including β-arrestin, AP180, epsin, HIP1 and numb, which regulate clathrin-coat assembly at the plasma membrane by synchronizing cargo selection and lattice polymerization events.
Stimulus correlates of the discrimination behavior of children

The discrimination performance of 5 and 6 year old children was tested using 80 three-choice oddity problems. Using random polygons as patterns, a U-shaped function was found between discrimination latency and number of independent sides. Significant effects between problems within each sidedness level suggest that Ss discriminate on the basis of specific pattern attributes as well as information content.
Analysis of Roadway Worker Injuries and Fatalities at FRA and FTA-Regulated Railroads

Roadway workers perform a key role in keeping the nation’s freight, passenger, and transit rail systems operating safely and efficiently. These individuals perform a variety of critical maintenance, repairs, and inspection on all aspects of the rail system.Despite a renewed effort by the rail industry, fatalities and injuries to roadway workers continue to occur across the nation’s freight, passenger, and transit rail systems. The causes of these accidents are all human factor related, especially in the area of adherence to rules and procedures. Other factors include rules compliance and organizational issues.At the same time, there is no unified and cohesive source from which railroads and other concerned organizations can gain a perspective of roadway worker safety issues.Using accident reports and information available primarily from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as well as the FRA and FTA, and the railroad industry, research was conducted, with a focus on the probable causes and contributing factors. Research was also conducted on the various industry efforts, both public and private, to curb these fatalities and injuries.One of these efforts has been to develop a roadway worker warning system, to notify employees of an approaching train. Those railroads who have implemented this solution have reported positive results; however, this technology has not been widely accepted. This may be, in part, due to major capital requirements, such as Positive Train Control, which limits funding for other programs.Training best practices are also outlined, with the goal of ensuring that roadway workers understand the risks they face while working on the railroad. Strategies are presented to ensure that training is conducted following best practices, including key case studies whose real life examples help trainees understand the criticality of following the rules and procedures each and every time they work on the system.© 2014 ASME
Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization With the CO2 Laser: One Year Results of a Randomized, Controlled Trial

Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TIVIR) was compared to continued medical management in 198 patients with symptomatic end-stage coronary artery disease in a 1:1 randomized prospective study. Angina class, quality of life, and myocardial perfusion significantly improved following TIVIR over a 12-month period of follow-up. Continued medical management was associated with a higher incidence of unstable anginal episodes, repeat hospitalizations, worsening anginal class and myocardial perfusion. This study demonstrates the superiority of TIVIR over medical management in the treatment of chronic stable angina. With appropriate patient selection and perioperative management, TMR with the CO 2 laser is associated with a very low operative risk.
Cystic fibrosis and pancreatic disease

Cystic fibrosis encompasses a broad spectrum of disease activity. This is no longer considered only a childhood disease. In fact, many patients with the classic form of CF live well into adulthood, and many atypical forms of CF are now being studied. Based on gene mutations, patients may present in adulthood with single organ involvement such as chronic pancreatitis. Diagnosis and treatment of CF-related conditions are evolving areas of research and discovery. As new therapies emerge for cystic fibrosis, new therapies will also be available for related pancreatic disorders.
Strategic Monuments: Zurab Tsereteli’s Gift Sculptures to the United States in the Eras of Détente, Perestroika, and Anti-Terrorism, 1979-2006

Abstract Best known for transforming the look of Moscow in the 1990s, sculptor and artist Zurab Tsereteli has also donated gift monuments abroad to coincide with diplomatic initiatives of the Soviet Union and Russia. This article examines Tsereteli’s gift monuments to the United States, spanning from the era of detente in the late-1970s to the brief window of anti-terrorist solidarity after 11 September 2001. The monuments are located mostly in or near New York City, although the unfortunate Columbus monument still awaits a permanent home (contrary to rumor, however, it did not return to Moscow as Peter the Great). While the motives and intentions informing the gifts provide the initial footing for the reception of the works, they fade to obscurity as the monuments accrue a legacy within the host community over time.
A Generalized Definition of Unnecessary Test Vectors in Functional Test Sequences

A class of static test compaction procedures for functional test sequences is based on the omission of unnecessary test vectors. According to the definition used by these procedures, a test vector is unnecessary if all the target faults continue to be detected after it is omitted. This article introduces a more general definition of unnecessary test vectors that allows additional ones to be omitted. According to this definition, a test vector is unnecessary if every target fault can be detected by a sequence that is obtained after omitting the vector, and possibly other vectors. The article develops a procedure for omitting test vectors based on this definition and discusses its effects on the storage requirements and test application time.
Determination of hydrogen adsorption location on Pt(111) from corrugation analysis

Abstract Helium diffraction data and corrugation parameters for a (1 × 1) chemisorbed layer of hydrogen on the Pt(111) surface have recently been reported by Lee et al. We have calculated the corrugation parameters using a first principles approach and conclude (in agreement with Lee et al.) that H chemisorbs in a three fold site. Furthermore we establish that the vertical height of the H above the top plane of Pt atoms is about 1 A. Also by combining our results with the experimental helium diffraction and X-ray data of Lee et al., we confirm their tentative suggestion that the H adsorbs in a hcp type three fold site.
Dissection of sets of genes that control the character of wnt5a-deficient mouse calvarial cells

Abstract Wnts ( w ingless and in t-related proteins) are a family of secreted cysteine-rich glycoproteins, expressed in a variety of tissues in developing embryos, thought to be involved in cell fate specification and stem cell commitment. To identify the specific Wnts involved in osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), we performed degenerative RT-PCR cloning method to amplify Wnt-encoding cDNAs expressed during osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro and during hMSC-directed ectopic osteogenesis in the severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse host. WNT5A was found to be the dominant Wnt expressed during osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. RT-PCR further revealed that hWNT5A and its receptor Frizzled family member 5 (hFZD5) was up-regulated during osteoblastic differentiation compared to uncommitted hMSCs. To evaluate the function of Wnt5a, calvarial cells were obtained from Wnt5a −/− , Wnt5a +/− , and wild type mice. Wnt5a −/− cells showed significantly slower growth when compared to Wnt5a +/− and wild type cells. Gene expression profiles of the Wnt5a −/− calvarial cells as compared to wild type cells were evaluated using microarray analysis. 255 genes exhibited at least 2-fold changes in expression. Clusters of genes regulating cell cycle, cell proliferation and cell growth, and gene transcription were altered with absence of Wnt5a expression. In addition, genes regulating osteoblastic differentiation including Runx2, osterix, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were shown to be down-regulated in Wnt5a −/− cells. In conclusion, Wnt5a is highly expressed during osteoblastic differentiation. Its function during mesenchymal stem cell differentiation as well as cell growth was suggested by comparing the gene expression profile of calvarial cells from the Wnt5a −/− and wild type mice.
Carburization of W- and Re-rich Ni-based alloys in impure helium at 1000 °C

Abstract The surface and microstructure stability of experimental W- and Re-rich Ni-based alloys in an impure-helium environment containing only CO and CO2 as impurities (ppm level) have been investigated at 1000 °C. All the alloys carburized during 50 h of exposure, and, depending on the alloy composition, different carbides of the type M6C, M7C3 and M23C6 formed on the alloy surface, in grain interiors and at grain boundaries. Microprobe analysis and Calphad-based calculations indicated that the chromium carbides (particularly Cr23C6) were enriched by rhenium. Extended exposure (225 h) led to the disappearance of surface transient carbides and the growth of surface oxide Cr2O3 occurred.
Supervision and Group Process

Approximately a decade ago the Survey Research Center at Ann Arbor, Michigan studied the effect of different styles of supervision upon productivity and morale among workers. Supervisors stressing work output had groups with lower production than supervisors who were more group oriented and cared for subordinates' needs and welfare. The latter liked their jobs better and had higher morale than workers under the production-centered supervisors. While these studies are suggestive, the fact that they rely on the personality of the supervisor, or his role performance, provides scant explanation why this paradox of production and style of supervision occurs. There appears an assumption that "a nice guy" cares for his subordinates, and the "nice-guy-supervisor" is the one who can get things done. A psychological framework, not concerned with such phenomena, offers no explanation of intervening group processes. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the sociological variables and replicate part of the e...
Integral deferred correction methods constructed with high order Runge-Kutta integrators

Spectral deferred correction (SDC) methods for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were introduced by Dutt, Greengard and Rokhlin (2000). It was shown in that paper that SDC methods can achieve arbitrary high order accuracy and possess nice stability properties. Their SDC methods are constructed with low order integrators, such as forward Euler or backward Euler, and are able to handle stiff and non-stiff terms in the ODEs. In this paper, we use high order Runge-Kutta (RK) integrators to construct a family of related methods, which we refer to as integral deferred correction (IDC) methods. The distribution of quadrature nodes is assumed to be uniform, and the corresponding local error analysis is given. The smoothness of the error vector associated with an IDC method, measured by the discrete Sobolev norm, is a crucial tool in our analysis. The expected order of accuracy is demonstrated through several numerical examples. Superior numerical stability and accuracy regions are observed when high order RK integrators are used to construct IDC methods.
Why the real self is fundamental to intentional change

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the real self in intentional change.Design/methodology/approach – Social science theory and research are used to respond to four primary questions: what is the real self, why is the real self essential to intentional change, how does one access the real self, and what are the challenges to accessing the real self with respect to intentional change?Findings – The implications of this paper suggest scholars and practitioners should revisit the assumptions made in employee and leadership competency development efforts by seeking to draw upon a more comprehensive self of the individual being developed. Implications for further research show the need for a new direction in multisource feedback assessment research and use and empirical studies that understand the real self in relation to the other components of intentional change theory (ICT).Practical implications – Implications for practice reveal a need to rethink how executive coaches and human r...
Dissolution rate studies. I. Design and evaluation of a continuous flow apparatus.

An apparatus for the study of dissolution rate under conditions of continuous flow is described. Typical data are presented; the effect of sample size, surfactant, and flow rate on the dissolution behavior of prednisone powder and prednisone tablets is shown. The requirements of an ideal standard method for studying dissolution rates are discussed, and the major advantages of this method over present methods are pointed out. The method: (a) is more flexible, (b) produces data in a differential form, (c) utilizes a small-volume system which assures greater homogeneity, (d) prevents excessive accumulation of solute in the system, and (e) provides agitation and solvent flow in a controlled, measurable, and physically meaningful manner.
Tetrahydrobiopterin in nitric oxide synthase

Summary: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a critical enzyme for the production of the messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NOS enzymes require tetrahydrobiopterin as a cofactor for NO synthesis. Besides being one of the few enzymes to use this cofactor, the role of tetrahydrobiopterin in NOS catalytic mechanism is different from other enzymes: during the catalytic cycle of NOS, tetrahydrobiopterin forms a radical species that is again reduced, thus effectively regenerating after each NO synthesis cycle. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about the role of tetrahydrobiopterin in the structure, function, and catalytic mechanism of NOS enzymes. © 2013 IUBMB Life 65(4):358–365, 2013.
Lack of correlation between blast cell size and length of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood

The bone marrow from 55 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia diagnosed from April 1969 to June 1973 were evaluated for blast cell morphology and size. Sixteen marrows contained a predominance of macrolymphoblasts (greater than 12 mu), while the remainder contained mainly microlymphoblasts. There was no correlation between blast cell size and the known front-end prognostic indicators of age and initial white blood count, nor could blast cell size be used to predict the length of initial bone marrow remission.
20 MHz/40 MHz dual element transducers for high frequency harmonic imaging

Concentric annular type dual element transducers for second harmonic imaging at 20 MHz / 40 MHz were designed and fabricated to improve spatial resolution and depth of penetration for ophthalmic imaging applications. The outer ring element was designed to transmit the 20 MHz signal and the inner circular element was designed to receive the 40 MHz second harmonic signal. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3), with its low dielectric constant, was used as the piezoelectric material to achieve good electrical impedance matching. Double matching layers and conductive backing were used and optimized by KLM modeling to achieve high sensitivity and wide bandwidth for harmonic imaging and superior time-domain characteristics. Prototype transducers were fabricated and evaluated quantitatively and clinically. The average measured center frequency for the transmit ring element was 21 MHz and the one-way -3 dB bandwidth was greater than 50%. The 40 MHz receive element functioned at 31 MHz center frequency with acceptable bandwidth to receive attenuated and frequency downshifted harmonic signal. The lateral beam profile for the 20 MHz ring elements at the focus matched the Field II simulated results well, and the effect of outer ring diameter was also examined. Images of a posterior segment of an excised pig eye and a choroidal nevus of human eye were obtained both for single element and dual element transducers and compared to demonstrate the advantages of dual element harmonic imaging.
The Whale Shark, Rhineodon typus , among the Seychelles Islands

THE publication in a recent number of Science of notes1 on the occurrence of the whale shark in Bornean waters and on the Florida coast has led me to look over my notes and to put on record its occurrence and abundance in the Seychelles.