cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Platelet kinetics and other hematological profiles in experimental Plasmodium falciparum infection: a comparative study between Saimiri and Aotus monkeys.

Levels of platelets and other hematological values were monitored in 21 Saimiri and 12 Aotus monkeys over a period of three weeks post·infection with monkey·adapted Indochina CDC-1 strain of Plasmedium falciparum. In both Snlinoiri sciureus boliviensis and Aetus nancymai karyotype-1 monkeys the severest thrombocytopenia was observed at 14 days post-infection coinciding with peak parasitemia, neutropenia, Iynlphocytosis, and anemia associated with severe hemoglobinemia and elevated fibrinogen degeneration products(FDP's), MCH and MCV profiles in Aotus monkeys decreased with ascending parasitemia. In contrast, these parameters in Saimiri were characterized by a significant compensatory increase correlating with parasitemia. In general, thrombocytopenia was one of the earliest clinical manifestations of the infection with the platelets returning to normal levels shortly after peak parasitenlia at 14 days. Platelet kinetics had a strong correlation with hematologic and parasitologic values in the Aotus nlodel. No consistent associations were observed between platelet kinetics and other parameters in the Saimiri model. These data indicate that the Aotus model for malaria is more predictable than the Saimiri. Further, platelet turnover rates and recovery provide a useful prognostic parameter during malaria infection. The results are discussed in relation to the value of the two species of monkeys as models for the pathogenesis of human malaria. Key words: Plasmodium falciparum, Saimiri sciureus boliviensis, Aotus nancymai, parasitemia, hematological values, thrombocytopenia
Large arteriovenous fistula between the common iliac artery and the vein after blunt trauma

A 62-year-old man presented to the emergency department with dyspnea on exertion and bilateral leg edema 4 days after falling down stairs and sustaining injuries. The physical examination showed mild respiratory distress and blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg. Lung examination revealed bilateral basilar rales. A chest radiograph showed mild pulmonary congestion and pleural effusion but no cardiomegaly (A). An axial computed tomography scan (B) showed fracture and spondylosis of the lower lumbar spine and sacrum (*) and a 50-mm thrombosed pseudoaneurysm of the right common iliac artery (CIA) that communicated with the right common iliac vein (CIV) near the distal inferior vena cava (C and D). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed normal mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves, mild dilatation of all cardiac chambers, and normal contraction of the ventricles. There was moderate pulmonary hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure, 60 mm Hg). The patient’s arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was surgically repaired through a median laparotomy. After proximal and distal control of the aorta and the inferior vena cava was obtained, the pseudoaneurysm was excised, and the AVF defect was repaired with interrupted polypropylene sutures. The size of the AVF was 40 10 mm. After a proximal anastomosis at the distal abdominal aorta and obliteration of both common iliac arteries, distal anastomoses were constructed to the external iliac arteries with a Dacron graft. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged 10 days after surgery. Postoperative computed tomography showed successful excision of the pseudoaneurysm and repair of the AVF.
Serum Enzyme Patterns in Acute Poisoning with Organochlorine Insecticides

The effect of the administration of single, oral, convulsive doses of DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, or endrin on the activity of selected serum enzymes was documented in the intact albino mouse. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase levels in the treated animals were significantly increased above those seen in animals receiving no treatment or the vehicle only. The observed serum enzyme pattern apparently indicates that the insecticides studied induce a degree of hepatotoxicity. This may be seen after a single exposure, when the animal has reached the convulsive stage.
Morphological diversity of anatomical strepsirrhinism and the evolution of the lemuriform toothcomb

The hypothesis that the vomeronasal organ has an important functional relationship with, and led to the evolution of, the prosimian toothcomb has not been well tested. This paper examines the diversity of anatomical strepsirrhinism across several mammalian taxa to determine if fossil and living strepsirrhine primates exhibit any derived characters that may highlight the functional link between the vomeronasal organ and the toothcomb, and to examine the potential importance of anatomical strepsirrhinism to toothcomb origins. Results indicate that extant gregarious lemuriforms are derived in having a relatively wide interincisal gap, providing an unobstructed line of communication between the vomeronasal organ and anterior rostral structures such as the toothcomb. This finding is consistent with the proposal that anatomical strepsirrhinism is functionally related to use of the toothcomb in grooming. However, the importance of the vomeronasal organ to toothcomb origins is less clear. If the morphology of adapiforms and non-gregarious lemuriforms is representative of the morphology of basal lemuriforms, then it can be inferred that early lemuriforms did not possess the wide-gap autapomorphy; hence, anatomical evidence discussed here cannot be used to rule out non-social hypotheses of toothcomb origins.
Nd 3 + fluorescence quantum-efficiency measurements with photoacoustics

We have investigated the use of photoacoustic techniques for obtaining absolute values of fluorescence quantum efficiencies in lightly doped Nd/sup 3 +/ laser materials. We have found that surface absorptions play an important role in gas-microphone measurements, and that thermal profiles are important in piezoelectric measurements. We have obtained fluorescence quantum efficiencies for Nd/sup 3 +/ in yttrium aluminum garnet, and in silicate and borate glasses that are in good agreement with lifetime measurements and Judd-Ofelt calculations.
Septal involvement in nuclear migration inSchizophyllum commune

A system, utilizing thedwarf andpuff morphological mutants ofSchizophyllum commune, was devised to select specific hyphal segments that were in different stages of septal dissolution and nuclear migration. These stages were observed with the electron microscope. Direct evidence of the dissolution of complex septal during nuclear migration was obtained. Initially there was a disruption of the septal swelling, followed by erosion of the remaining cross wall. Complex septa were therepy converted to simple septa through which nuclei migrated. These septa were covered with secondary cell wall material. Following nuclear migration only vacuolate hyphae with remnant membrane structures remained. Occasionally, intact hyphae were observed within these vacuolate hyphae.
Ca2+ signaling amplification by oligomerization of L-type Cav1.2 channels

Ca2+ influx via L-type Cav1.2 channels is essential for multiple physiological processes, including gene expression, excitability, and contraction. Amplification of the Ca2+ signals produced by the opening of these channels is a hallmark of many intracellular signaling cascades, including excitation-contraction coupling in heart. Using optogenetic approaches, we discovered that Cav1.2 channels form clusters of varied sizes in ventricular myocytes. Physical interaction between these channels via their C-tails renders them capable of coordinating their gating, thereby amplifying Ca2+ influx and excitation-contraction coupling. Light-induced fusion of WT Cav1.2 channels with Cav1.2 channels carrying a gain-of-function mutation that causes arrhythmias and autism in humans with Timothy syndrome (Cav1.2-TS) increased Ca2+ currents, diastolic and systolic Ca2+ levels, contractility and the frequency of arrhythmogenic Ca2+ fluctuations in ventricular myocytes. Our data indicate that these changes in Ca2+ signaling resulted from Cav1.2-TS increasing the activity of adjoining WT Cav1.2 channels. Collectively, these data support the concept that oligomerization of Cav1.2 channels via their C termini can result in the amplification of Ca2+ influx into excitable cells.
Short-term tocolytics for preterm delivery – current perspectives

Administration of short-term tocolytic agents can prolong pregnancy for women in preterm labor. Prolonging pregnancy has many benefits because it allows for other proven interventions, such as antenatal corticosteroid administration, to be accomplished. This review provides an overview of currently utilized tocolytic agents and the evidence demonstrating their efficacy for prolonging pregnancy by at least 48 hours. General pharmacological principles for the clinician regarding drugs in pregnancy are also briefly discussed. In general, while the choice of the best first-line short-term tocolytic drug is not clear, it is evident that use of these agents has a clear place in current obstetric therapeutics.
Functional Association between the Insulin Receptor and the Transmembrane Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase LAR in Intact Cells

The receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase LAR (for leukocyte common antigen-related) has been implicated as a physiological regulator of the insulin receptor. To demonstrate a functional interaction between LAR and the insulin receptor, we incubated CHO cells overexpressing the human insulin receptor with an antibody to the extracellular domain of LAR and found a 47% decrease in insulin receptor autophosphorylation and kinase activity. A physical association between LAR and the insulin receptor was then shown by immunoprecipitation of LAR from cell lysates and immunoblotting with antibody to the insulin receptor, or vice versa. Up to 11.8% of the LAR protein in the lysates of CHO cells overexpressing both the insulin receptor and LAR co-immunoprecipitated with the insulin receptor. The LAR/insulin receptor association was related to the level of LAR or insulin receptor overexpression and was increased 6.5-fold by chemical cross-linking and 3.9-fold by treatment with insulin, suggesting that receptor activation influences the affinity of LAR for the insulin receptor. In insulin-stimulated rat liver, LAR was temporally enriched in endosomes with the insulin receptor, and incubation of endosomes with neutralizing LAR antibodies decreased insulin receptor dephosphorylation in situ by 28% (p = 0.01 versus control). These data provide more direct evidence of a role for LAR in the physiological regulation of insulin action at the receptor level.
Research on Advertising in a Recession: A Critical Review and Synthesis

ABSTRACT Based on an extensive review of research on advertising in a recession, the authors identify over 40 related studies. Ten of these studies involve original empirical analyses of cross-sectional or time series data. The rest are theoretical discussions, reviews, cases, or opinions. The empirical studies may be classified into four groups based on the dependent variable analyzed: (1) sensitivity of advertising expenditures to the economy, (2) sensitivity of brand versus private-label share to economic expansions and contractions, (3) impact of advertising in a recession to sales or market share during or after a recession, (4) impact of advertising in a recession to profits during and after the recession. The authors critically review these studies and synthesize the major findings.
Crystal growth of BaMoO4, Bi2O3 · 3MoO3 and Bi2O3 · 2MoO3 from molten salt solution by “pulling seed” method

The growth of single crystals by pulling with a seed from a molten solution is shown to be an effective method for growing large single crystals of incongruent melting compounds such as Bi2O3 · 2MoO3 from melts with excess MoO3; for growing BaMoO4 crystals from melts with Li2MoO4 as flux, and for growing Bi2O3 · 3MoO3 from molten mixtures containing excess MoO3. The as-grown single crystals of BaMoO4 appear milky, but after annealing at 1200 °C become clear and colorless. The as-grown single crystals of Bi2O3 · 3MoO3 are clear and yellow to greenish in color. Their absorption spectrum has been measured. The as-grown crystals of Bi2O3 · 2MoO3 appear clear but exhibit twinning and are yellow to brownish in color. X-ray powder pattern and optical microscope analysis indicated that Bi2O3 · 2MoO3 has a distorted orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a = 11.95, b = 10.81 and c = 11.89 A. The closeness of the a and c lattice parameters may result in the 90° twins in Bi2O3 · 2MoO3.
STUDENT-DESIGNED CURRICULA: The Graduate and Professional School Reaction

Recent changes in undergraduate programs now enable students to design their own curricula. In the process, many students define their post-baccalaureate goals as graduate school or professional school work.
Temporal Factors and Homicide in the United States

Employing data from the 1992 Mortality Detail File, this research examined the effects of temporal factors on homicide victimization in the United States. Logistic regressions were fitted to all deaths occurring in 1992 by homicide. The results showed deaths from homicide versus mortality from other causes were highest on Saturday (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, confidence interval [CI] = 1.21, 1.48), followed by Friday (OR = 1.13, CI = 1.02, 1.26) and Sunday (OR = 1.15, CI = 1.04, 1.28). Significant male and female differences were observed. Whereas for men, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday were significantly related to homicide, female homicides were concentrated almost exclusively on Saturday (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.1, 1.57). The results suggest new theoretical interpretations focusing on the temporal nature of social control and private as opposed to public drinking by males.
Microelectrode studies of the Zn/Zn(II) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) couples in low molecular weight oligomeric electrolytes☆

Abstract The electrochemical reactions of the Zn/Zn(II) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) couples dissolved in low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were examined using cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry at microelectrodes. The electrochemical reactions of three different dissolved salts were studied: Zn(CF3SO3)2, ZnBr2, and FeBr3. Li(CF3SO3) and LiBr were also incorporated as nominal supporting electrolytes. The conductivities and electrochemical characteristics of these polymer electrolyte solutions are discussed in this paper.
“Electricity for All”: The Electric Home and Farm Authority and the Politics of Mass Consumption, 1932–1935

The following article traces TVA director David Lilienthal's efforts to establish the Electric Home and Farm Authority the Tennessee Valley and analyzes the outcome of that program in the early 1930s. The essay demonstrates that, contrary to some interpretations, administrators like Lilienthal were advocating state-sponsored consumption-driven economic growth well before the late 1930s.
Making art and making artists

With each new technological innovation comes a new platform for creative exploration. My research explores ways of interacting with advanced technologies, like digital fabricators, that are informed by the practices of contemporary artists. In this changing landscape of media, I will explore how interfaces can provoke users to articulate ideas, questions, or themes using various tools and materials.
Enhancing the area-isolation paradigm: habitat heterogeneity and metapopulation dynamics of a rare wetland mammal.

Conservation of species in fragmented landscapes often is guided by spatially realistic metapopulation theory. However, convincing cases of metapopulation dynamics are uncommon, especially for vertebrates. Moreover, there is concern that the patch area and isolation paradigm for metapopulations is an oversimplification for heterogeneous landscapes. We tested predictions from metapopulation theory for a rare wetland mammal (round-tailed muskrat, Neofiber alleni) and asked whether it was necessary to use a habitat-informed version of the area–isolation paradigm that included patch quality and matrix heterogeneity. In each of two years, we surveyed 457 isolated wetlands in central Florida, USA, for presence–absence of Neofiber and evaluated logistic regression models of patch occupancy, extinction, and colonization. We documented metapopulation dynamics in which patch occupancy was constant between years (26% of patches occupied) due to balanced local extinctions (n = 45) and recolonizations (n = 46). Neofib...
Modeling Cascade Aging in Dilute Fe-Cu Alloys

The continued safe operation of nuclear reactors and their potential for lifetime extension depends on ensuring reactor pressure vessel integrity. Reactor pressure vessels and structural materials used in nuclear energy applications are exposed to intense neutron fields that create highly non-equilibrium defect concentrations, consisting of a shell of self-interstitial atom and clusters surrounding a vacancy-rich core, over picosecond time scales. This spatially correlated defect production initiates a long chain of events responsible for microstructure evolution and hence irradiation embrittlement. In this paper, we describe the combined use of molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic lattice Monte Carlo (KMC) to simulate the long-term rearrangement (aging) of displacement cascades in dilute Fe-Cu alloys. The simulations reveal the formation of a continuous distribution of three dimensional cascade vacancy-Cu cluster complexes and demonstrate the critical importance of spatial, as well as short and long-time correlated processes that mediate the effective production of primary defects. Finally, this approach can generate production cross-sections for vacancy-Cu clusters that can then be used in rate theory type models of long term global micro and microstructural evolution.
Factory start-up and production ramp: yield improvement through signature analysis and visual/electrical correlation

Variations in defect distributions and device yield patterns can provide significant information about the performance of processes used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. This paper describes how signature analysis and visual/electrical correlation were used to identify yield loss mechanisms during the start-up and production ramp of MOS 12, Motorola's newest 8-inch high volume wafer fab. The identification, diagnosis, and resolution of two yield issues are presented as case studies,.
Using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to Study Managers: A Literature Review and Research Agenda:

This paper provides a review of research into the relationships between psychological types, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and managerial attributes, behaviors and effectiveness. The literature review includes an examination of the psychometric properties of the MBTI and the contributions and limitations of research on psychological types. Next, key findings are discussed and used to advance propositions that relate psychological type to diverse topics such as risk tolerance, problem solving, information systems design, conflict management and leadership. We conclude with a research agenda that advocates: (I) the exploration of potential psychometric refinements of the MBTI, (2) more rigorous research designs, and (3) a broadening of the scope of managerial research into type.
Designing a Family of Development-Intensive Products

Faced with fragmented markets, saturated and demanding customers, and global competition, firms increasingly must design and offer a line of innovative, quality-differentiated products to target customers with differing willingness to pay (WTP). In this context, designing a special class of products that we term development-intensive products (DIPs)for which the fixed costs of development far outweigh the unit-variable costspresents some unique managerial challenges. Examples of such development-intensive offerings abound in a number of industries, including the pharmaceutical, information, and entertainment sectors of the economy. Our contributions in this paper are threefold: (a) to show that managerial insights from the traditional approach to product-line design developed for unit-variable cost-intensive products do not carry over to DIPs, (b) to present new mechanisms and managerial guidelines for designing a family of products for which development costs cannot be ignored, and (c) to illustrate the insights with an extended industry example. We find that the design approach based on degrading (or subtracting value from) a high-end product to obtain a subsumed low-end edition, shown in the literature to be an effective approach for designing unit cost-intensive products, can be inappropriate for DIPs. This limitation of value subtraction has implications for the number of variants and the sequence in which they are developed. As an alternative to a subsumed product-design strategy, we propose and examine the overlapped product-design approach, in which a low-end product is not completely subsumed within its high-end counterpart, but differentiated on additional vertical quality dimensions. Our results both explain the recent challenges of firms with subsumed low-end products and guide them in designing a product line to successfully address emerging low-end market segments.
Transamination of aminoalkylphosphonic acids with alpha ketoglutarate.

Dialyzed homogenates prepared from Escherichia coli, Tetrahymena pyriformis, sea anemone (Anthopleura elegantissima), and mouse liver were tested for ability to transaminate 17 aminoalkylphosphonic acids with α-ketoglutarate. 2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid (2-AEP), which occurs naturally in Tetrahymena and anemone, was transaminated by these latter organisms more than any of the substances tested, but not by preparations from liver or E. coli. 3-Aminopropylphosphonic acid was transaminated by all preparations, but much less by Tetrahymena or anemone than was 2-AEP. 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid was transaminated by all preparations. 2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid was transaminated by three of the preparations, but not by liver. Of the other 13 substances tested, the following gave positive results: DL -1,2-diaminoethylphosphonic acid with E. coli, DL -1,2-diaminoethylphosphonic and aminomethylphosphonic acids with Tetrahymena, DL -1-aminopropylphosphonic acid with anemone, and DL -1-aminoethylphosphonic and DL -1-aminobutylphosphonic acids with liver. The significance of these transaminations is discussed.
Regular processor arrays for matrix algorithms with pivoting

It is shown how to obtain regular (though nonsystolic) processor arrays for algorithms with pivoting. First, the fact that pivoting algorithms cannot be systolic is established. Then it is shown how regular iterative algorithms can be formulated for the Gaussian elimination algorithm with partial pivoting and how the algorithm can then be implemented on the so-called regular iterative arrays (locally connected arrays of essentially identical processor modules, with register pipelines and/or LIFO (last-in/first-out) buffers in some of the links). >
Identification and characterization of a second feline herpesvirus.

A feline virus isolate previously reported as adenovirus-like has more recently been identified and characterized as a new feline herpesvirus. This herpesvirus, which appears to be cell associated, has some characteristics of the cytomegaloviruses and has been found to induce chemical crystal formations in infected cell cultures. Images
Association of glycemic index and glycemic load with risk of incident coronary heart disease among Whites and African Americans with and without type 2 diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Purpose In this study we examined whether high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diets are associated with increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) in Whites and African Americans with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods Data on 13,051 patients ages 45 to 64 years from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study were analyzed. The ARIC food frequency questionnaire baseline data provided GI and GL indices. A propensity score was created to estimate the effect of a patient's covariates on energy-adjusted GI or GL. During a maximum of 17 years of follow-up, 1683 cases of CHD (371 with diabetes and 1312 without diabetes) were recorded. Results For every 5-units increase in GI, there was a 1.16-fold (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01−1.33) increased risk of incident CHD in African Americans. For every 30-units increase in GL, there was a 1.11-fold (95% CI, 1.01−1.21) increased risk of incident CHD in Whites. High GL was an especially important CHD risk factor for Whites without diabetes (per 30-units increase; hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02−1.26). However, these relationships were not seen in individuals with diabetes. Conclusions Nutritional advice to reduce the GI and GL in diets of African Americans and Whites subjects (without diabetes) may play a role in reducing CHD risk.
Conflicted Principals, Uncertain Agency: The International Monetary Fund And The Great Recession

The G20’s renewal of faith in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) during the 2008 financial crisis appears to have reversed the IMF’s declining relevance evident in the years preceding the crisis. This article examines this putative revival of the IMF, arguing that the G20’s actions contained a paradox of delegation. On the one hand, the nature of the G20’s replenishment of the IMF’s resources during the crisis (mostly through credit lines available to the IMF) as well as the independence the major G20 economies can afford to have from the IMF (given that they are not beholden to its resources) has meant that the G20 countries faced low sovereignty costs in reviving the IMF. On the other hand, truly re-establishing the IMF’s relevance would impose higher sovereignty costs, specifically in the form of strengthened IMF surveillance over G20 economies. This paradox of delegation suggests that the G20’s action toward the IMF does not inform properly whether the G20 states have contemplated the trade-off between suffering sovereignty costs and achieving gains from delegation. In this regard, the proper role of the IMF in the governance of the global economy remains uncertain. Policy Implications • The G20’s resuscitation of the IMF cannot be simply interpreted as indicating certainty regarding the future of the institution. • In order for the IMF to fulfill its key tasks, particularly surveillance of global economic conditions, as envisioned by key members of the G20, these states need to permit the IMF to play the role of a mediator and technical expert in close coordination of their policies. • The G20 states should resist the temptation to forum shop, namely charge other institutions with tasks similar to those of the IMF with a view to dispersing/avoiding sovereignty costs. • It is no longer viable to hold on to prior assumptions and frameworks regarding the distribution of influence among states vis-a-vis the IMF – scholarly and policy works need to recognize large emerging economies as key principals of the Fund. • At the same time, the IMF needs to enhance the evenhandedness of its analysis and advice in order to increase key member states’ perceptions of its effectiveness and fairness.
Evidence for Distinctive and Intrinsic Defects in Insulin Action in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Women with PCO have a unique but poorly characterized disorder of insulin action. Obese (n = 16) and nonobese (n = 14) PCO women and age- and weight-matched normal, nondiabetic ovulatory women (obese, n = 15; nonobese, n = 17) had insulin action determined in vivo with sequential multiple insulin dose euglycemic clamps and in isolated abdominal adipocytes to clarify the mechanisms of insulin resistance. PCO resulted in significant increases in the ED50 insulin for glucose utilization in vivo (P less than 0.001) and in adipocytes (P less than 0.01), without significant changes in adipocyte insulin-binding sites. PCO also resulted in significant decreases in maximal insulin-stimulated rates of glucose utilization in vivo (P less than 0.01) and in adipocytes (P less than 0.01). Obesity resulted in smaller decreases in insulin sensitivity than PCO (ED50 insulin, P less than 0.001 in vivo and P less than 0.05 in adipocytes), but greater decreases in insulin responsiveness (Vmax, P less than 0.001 in vivo and in adipocytes). The ED50 insulin for suppression of HGP was increased only in obese PCO women (P less than 0.001), and the interactions between PCO and obesity on this parameter were statistically significant. No significant correlations between androgen or estrogen levels and adipocyte insulin binding or action were found. Because insulin binding was not changed, we conclude that the major lesion causing insulin resistance in PCO is a striking decrease in insulin sensitivity secondary to a defect in the insulin receptor and/or postreceptor signal transduction. PCO also is associated with modest but significant decreases in glucose transport. These defects in insulin action appear to represent intrinsic abnormalities that are independent of obesity, metabolic derangements, body fat topography, and sex hormone levels. Conversely, changes in hepatic insulin sensitivity appear to be acquired with obesity.
Sources of variation in composition of DDGS.

High protein and high energy content make distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) a unique ingredient for ruminant diets, but variation in composition reduces nutritional quality and market value. There is little published information that addresses the specific causes of variation. Samples of DDGS from dry grind processing (ethanol) plants in the upper Midwest were analyzed for nutrient concentrations and sources of variation were evaluated.
Constrained Variational Analysis of Sounding Data Based on Column-Integrated Budgets of Mass, Heat, Moisture, and Momentum: Approach and Application to ARM Measurements.

For the purpose of deriving grid-scale vertical velocity and advective tendencies from sounding measurements, an objective scheme is developed to process atmospheric soundings of winds, temperature, and water vapor mixing ratio over a network of a small number of stations. Given the inevitable uncertainties in the original data, state variables of the atmosphere are adjusted by the smallest possible amount in this scheme to conserve column-integrated mass, moisture, static energy, and momentum. The scheme has the capability of incorporating a variety of supplemental measurements to constrain large-scale vertical velocity and advective tendencies derived from state variables. The method has been implemented to process the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program’s (ARM) soundings of winds, temperature, and water vapor mixing ratio at the boundary facilities around the Cloud and Radiation Testbed site in northern Oklahoma in April 1994. It is found that state variables are adjusted by an amount comparable to their measurement uncertainties to satisfy the conservation requirements of mass, water vapor, heat, and momentum. Without these adjustments, spurious residual sources and sinks in the column budget of each quantity have the same magnitudes as other leading components. Sensitivities of the diagnosed vertical velocity and apparent heat, moisture, and momentum sources to the number of conservation constraints are presented. It is shown that constraints of column budget of moisture and dry static energy can make large differences to these diagnostics, especially when some original sounding data are missing and have to be interpolated. Analysis of the moisture budget shows that large-scale convergence often corresponds to precipitation, but there are occasions when precipitation corresponds to a large reduction of column precipitable water and columnmoisture divergence. Analysis of momentum budget shows large magnitudes of subgrid-scale momentum sources and sinks (about 4 m s21 h21) in the convective events.
Management of Complicated Peptic Ulcer Disease

Our understanding of the pathophysiological features of peptic ulcer disease has rapidly evolved during the last century. Early understanding of gastric physiologic characteristics led to logical and time-tested surgical procedures aimed at acid reduction and a lowering of ulcer recurrence rates. A dramatic shift in treatment occurred with the recognition and growing knowledge of Helicobacter pylori (HP). Where once surgery dominated therapy for ulcer diathesis, medical therapy has now superseded. Just as gastric resection seemed radical to Dr Mayo, thus was medical treatment of peptic ulcer disease similarly approached with skepticism. What was the balance of medical and surgical management of peptic ulcer disease as we entered the 21st century? Complications of peptic ulcer disease requiring operative intervention have remained important. However, the absolute number of procedures performed has significantly diminished in recent years. 1 The reason for the decrease in surgical intervention, both emergent and elective, is multifactorial. Improvements in therapeutic endoscopy, the introduction of effective antacid therapy, and the recognition and treatment of HP infection have all greatly contributed to the successful nonoperative treatment of patients with peptic ulcer disease. 2-5 With respect to complicated ulcer disease, treatment and eradication of HP infection have arguably led to a shift from treating patients operatively to treating them nonoperatively. This changing management scheme has occurred despite a relative paucity of data regarding the incidence and contribution of HP infection to the etiology of complicated peptic ulcers. Indeed, reports in the literature regarding the incidence of HP infection in a surgical cohort have been sparse. From a surgeon's perspective, data relative to HP infection and the classic indications for surgery-perforation, bleeding, and gastric outlet obstruction (GOO)- have until recently been largely inferential based on treatment of those with uncomplicated peptic ulcers. Deviation from traditional surgical management might prove detrimental should other nonoperative modalities be used. The purpose of this discussion is to review the known pathophysiological features of peptic ulcer disease with a focus on those complications encountered by the surgeon.
THE AMERICAN GREAT PLAINS

ABSTRACT Despite the economic and physical diversity of the Great Plains region, certain cultural traits have persisted since early white settlement and are prominent throughout the region. The romantic aura of the cowboy has had both regional and national ramifications, and the regional fancy has been captivated by big ventures and much movement.
Relation of cell type and cell density in tissue culture to the isoaccepting spectra of the nucleoside Q containing tRNAs: tRNATYr, tRNAHis, tRNAAsn and tRNAAsp

Abstract An examination, using reversed-phase chromatography and cyanogen bromide treatment, of tRNATyr, tRNAHis, tRNAAsn, and tRNAAsp from SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts grown to different cell densities, untransformed cells grown to confluence, and mouse liver indicates that: (1) The tissue cultured mouse fibroblasts examined here are hypomodified with respect to nucleoside Q, while liver tRNA is almost completely modified with respect to Q. (2) Cell density and/or proliferative state do not present as major variables in controlling the expression of Q in the present system. (3) SV40 virus transformation is not a major variable controlling the expression of Q in the present system. The present results support previous use of cyanogen bromide effected shifts in chromatographic elution as an assay for nucleoside Q.
Cox-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular disease: considerable heat, but not much light

This editorial refers to ‘Effects of Celecoxib On Restenosis after Coronary Intervention and Evolution of Atherosclerosis (Mini-COREA) trial: celecoxib, a double-edged sword for patients with angina’, by H.-J. Kang et al. , doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs001 We are now in the second decade of controversy regarding the cardiovascular effects of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. The introduction of this class of drugs occurred on 31 December 1998, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the sale of celecoxib, followed shortly by the approval of rofecoxib on 20 May 1999. The market acceptance of these two drugs was extraordinary, and both rapidly achieved more than a billion dollars in annual sales. The science leading to the discovery of COX-2 inhibitors is a fascinating story and illustrates the creativity of the pharmaceutical industry in medicinal chemistry. By targeting the COX-2 enzyme, these drugs offered the hope for agents that would preserved the clinical benefits of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without the gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects attributable to inhibition of the COX-1 isoform. By any reasonable assessment, this targeted therapeutic approach was initially a tremendous success. Studies showed that both COX-2 inhibitors possessed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects comparable with conventional NSAIDs, but produced fewer symptomatic GI adverse effects. Then, in November 2000, a pivotal study, the VIGOR trial, showed that rofecoxib, compared with naproxen, also produced fewer complicated upper GI adverse events including severe bleeding, ulceration, and perforation.1 However, artfully concealed within the VIGOR manuscript was a dark secret about rofecoxib—although this drug enhanced GI safety, there were significantly more adverse thrombotic cardiovascular events, particularly myocardial infarctions. This safety issue received little public attention until we published an independent analysis of the VIGOR trial in August 2001.2 The rest of the story is now a matter of history and has been fully described in both …
Chemokines, lymphocytes, and HIV

Chemokines are members of a family of more than 30 human cytokines whose best-described activities are as chemotactic factors for leukocytes and that are presumed to be important in leukocyte recruitment and trafficking. While many chemokines can act on lymphocytes, the roles of chemokines and their receptors in lymphocyte biology are poorly understood. The recent discoveries that chemokines can suppress infection by HIV-1 and that chemokine receptors serve, along with CD4, as obligate co-receptors for HIV-1 entry have lent urgency to studies on the relationships between chemokines and lymphocytes. My laboratory has characterized Mig and Crg-2/IP-10, chemokines that are induced by IFN-g and that specifically target lymphocytes, particularly activated T cells. We have demonstrated that the genes for these chemokines are widely expressed during experimental infections in mice with protozoan and viral pathogens, but that the patterns of mig and crg-2 expression differed, suggesting non-redundant roles in vivo. Our related studies to identify new chemokine receptors from activated lymphocytes resulted in the cloning of STRL22 and STRL33. We and others have shown that STRL22 is a receptor for the CC chemokine MIP-3a, and STRL22 has been re-named CCR6. Although STRL33 remains an orphan receptor, we have shown that it can function as a co-receptor for HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, and that it is active with a broader range of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins than the major co-receptors described to date. The ability of STRL33 to function with a wide variety of envelope glycoproteins may become particularly important if therapies are instituted to block other specific co-receptors. We presume that investigations into the roles of chemokines and their receptors in lymphocyte biology will provide information important for understanding the pathogenesis of AIDS and for manipulating immune and inflammatory responses for clinical benefit
Removable and Recyclable Conjugated Polymers for Highly Selective and High-Yield Dispersion and Release of Low-Cost Carbon Nanotubes

High-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) with little contamination are desired for high-performance electronic devices. Although conjugated polymer wrapping has been demonstrated as a powerful and scalable strategy for enriching s-SWNTs, this approach suffers from significant contaminations by polymer residues and high cost of conjugated polymers. Here, we present a simple but general approach using removable and recoverable conjugated polymers for separating s-SWNTs with little polymer contamination. A conjugated polymer with imine linkages was synthesized to demonstrate this concept. Moreover, the SWNTs used are without prepurifications and very low cost. The polymer exhibits strong dispersion for large-diameter s-SWNTs with high yield (23.7%) and high selectivity (99.7%). After s-SWNT separation, the polymer can be depolymerized into monomers and be cleanly removed under mild acidic conditions, yielding polymer-free s-SWNTs. The monomers can be almost quantitatively recovered to resynthesize polymer. This approach enables isolation of "clean" s-SWNTs and, at the same time, greatly lowers costs for SWNT separation.
Measurement of muscle protein degradation in live mice by accumulation of bestatin-induced peptides

Bestatin, an aminopeptidase inhibitor, permits the degradation of cellular proteins to di- and tripeptides but interferes with the further breakdown of these peptides to amino acids. We propose to ...
A Survey of Fingerprint-Based Outdoor Localization

A growing number of sensors on smart mobile devices has led to rapid development of various mobile applications using location-based or context-aware services. Typically, outdoor localization techniques have relied on GPS or on cellular infrastructure support. While GPS gives high positioning accuracy, it can quickly deplete the battery on the device. On the other hand, base station based localization has low accuracy. In search of alternative techniques for outdoor localization, several approaches have explored the use of data gathered from other available sensors, like accelerometer, microphone, compass, and even daily patterns of usage, to identify unique signatures that can locate a device. Signatures, or fingerprints of an area, are hidden cues existing around a user's environment. However, under different operating scenarios, fingerprint-based localization techniques have variable performance in terms of accuracy, latency of detection, battery usage. The main contribution of this survey is to present a classification of existing fingerprint-based localization approaches which intelligently sense and match different clues from the environment for location identification. We describe how each fingerprinting technique works, followed by a review of the merits and demerits of the systems built based on these techniques. We conclude by identifying several improvements and application domain for fingerprinting based localization.
Graphite Nozzle Material Erosion in Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors

An integrated theoretical/numerical framework is established to study the erosion of graphite nozzle material in solid rocket motor environments. The model takes into account propellant chemistry, detailed thermofluid dynamics, chemical kinetics in the gas phase, heterogeneous reactions at the nozzle surface, and nozzle material properties. The gas-phase flame dynamics is based on the complete conservation equations for multi-component reacting system. Typical combustion species of AP/HTPB propellant at practical motor operating conditions are considered at the nozzle inlet. Full account of variable transport and thermodynamic properties is considered. Turbulence closure is achieved using a two-layer turbulence model, which employs the standard k-e two-equation approach for the bulk flow away from the wall (i.e., the outer layer), and a single k equation in the near-surface region (i.e., inner layer). The energy equation is solved for the process in the nozzle material with appropriate species and energy boundary conditions at the gas-solid interface. Two heterogeneous reactions involving graphite and the oxidizing species of H2O and CO2 are considered at the interface. The predicted surface recession rates compare well with available experimental data. The results indicate that erosion is most severe at the nozzle throat. The important factors that dictate the erosion process are nozzle surface temperature, rate of diffusion of oxidizing species towards the surface, and motor operating conditions. The erosion rate increases with increasing chamber pressure and can be correlated using a power law. The erosion also becomes more severe with propellants with decreased aluminum content.
Systematics of the Bufo woodhousii Complex (Anura: Bufonidae): Advertisement Call Variation

To determine whether Bufofowleri, Bufo woodhousii woodhousii, and Bufo woodhousii australis are diagnosable taxa, we examined variation in advertisement calls and body size across the range of the Bufo woodhousii complex. Calls were recorded and toads measured in six regions consisting of California, Arizona, Utah, Texas, Nebraska and Iowa, and New Jersey. Pulse rate and call duration, but not frequency, were significantly related to temperature. Dominant frequency was the only call variable of the three analyzed that correlated with snout-vent length. When adjusted for temperature and size effects, calls of B. fowleri had a shorter duration and higher dominant frequency than the other two members of the B. woodhousii complex. Discriminant analysis using call variables and body size provided clear separation of B. fowleri from B. w. woodhousii and B. w. australis. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that toads from southern California were most similar to toads from south-central Arizona currently recognized as B. w. australis. We conclude that B. fowleri should be recognized as a species. Continued recognition of B. w. australis and B. w. woodhousii as western forms of the B. woodhousii complex is reasonable.