cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classifying Acoustic Emission Data in Structural Health Monitoring using Support Vector Machines

This paper reports on results of training support vector machines (SVMs) to classify the source types of acoustic emission signals using two different sets of waveform features. The first approach used as attributes in training instances eighteen traditional acoustic emission features and used experimental data, while the second approach used six correlation coefficients between basic modes and the waveforms and used simulation data. With many fewer attributes and significantly more class labels, and thus confronted with more difficult learning problems, the SVMs with the second approach generally performed at least as well as those involved with the first approach. A classifier with a larger set of target classes provides more information on acoustic emission sources, and an SVM that uses fewer attributes generally is more robust. In general, then, the six features introduced here appear to be better for detecting the types of waveform sources than the traditional features. As a bonus, this research suggests that SVMs represent a promising approach to supervised learning for classifying the sources of acoustic emission waveforms.
Characteristics of Plateau Activity During the Latent Period Prior to Epileptiform Discharges in Slices From Rat Piriform Cortex

The deep piriform region has an unusually high seizure susceptibility. Voltage imaging previously located the sites of epileptiform discharge onset in slices of rat piriform cortex and revealed the spatiotemporal pattern of development of two types of electrical activity during the latent period prior to discharge onset. A ramplike depolarization (onset activity) appears at the site of discharge onset. Onset activity is preceded by a sustained low-amplitude depolarization (plateau activity) at another site, which shows little if any overlap with the site of onset. Because synaptic blockade at either of these two sites blocks discharges, it was proposed that both forms of latent period activity are necessary for the generation of epileptiform discharges and that the onset and plateau sites work together in the amplification of electrical activity. The capacity for amplification was examined here by studying subthreshold responses in slices of piriform cortex using two different in vitro models of epilepsy. Under some conditions electrically evoked responses showed a nonlinear dependence on stimulus current, suggesting amplification by strong polysynaptic excitatory responses. The sites of plateau and onset activity were mapped for different in vitro models of epilepsy and different sites of stimulation. These experiments showed that the site of plateau activity expanded into deep layers of neighboring neocortex in parallel with expansions of the onset site into neocortex. These results provide further evidence that interactions between the sites of onset and plateau activity play an important role in the initiation of epileptiform discharges. The site of plateau activity showed little variation with different stimulation sites in the piriform cortex, but when stimulation was applied in the endopiriform nucleus (in the sites of onset of plateau activity), plateau activity had a lower amplitude and became distributed over a much wider area. These results indicate that in the initiation of epileptiform discharges, the location of the circuit that generates plateau activity is not rigidly defined but can exhibit flexibility.
Attempts to Propagate the Virus of Poliomyelitis in Smaller Laboratory Animals

fetus. Various studies'+-16 had indicated that in many instances prenatal animals Received for publication, June 19, 1942. This work was aided by a grant from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, Inc. 1. Ztschr. f. Immunitatsforsch. u. exper. Therap. 2: 377, 1909. * Cultivation of the virus by Sabin and Olitsky (Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 34: 357, 1936) in nervous tissue from the human fetus, and the reported but unconfirmed cultivation of the virus in the chick embryo by Gildemeister (Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 59: 877, 1933) are not considered as controverting this statement. 2. J. Prev. Med. 4: 59, 1930. 3. Tr. Chicago Path. Soc. 13: 231, 1930. 4. J. Pediat. 16: 519, 1940. 5. In Infantile Paralysis, A Symposium Delivered at Vanderbilt University, April, 1941, New York, National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, Inc., 1941, p. 35. 6. Pub. Health Rep. 54: 1719, 1939. 7. Pub. Health Rep. 54: 2303, 1939. 8. J. Exper. Med. 72: 407, 1940. 9. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 46: 319, 1941.
Graph Visualization Styles for Use in Configuration Management: A User Study

The purpose of this research is to conduct a user study in order to determine the effect of numerous variables for data representation on the ability to answer questions about the system being represented. This research will be used in the development of a computer-based visualization tool to support configuration change management. The researchers hypothesized that the graph geometry and order of the questions being asked would not affect the results, while the color of the graph and the information being represented would affect the number of correct responses. The results showed an increase in the response accuracy for the answerable questions when the amount of information displayed in the data representation was minimized. On the other hand, none of the other factors showed to have a significant effect on the accuracy of the responses. The most significant limitation in this study was the possibility for different users putting different levels of effort into answering the questions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty: Results in the management of 332 cases of anorectal, malformations

This is a retrospective evaluation of the functional results obtained in 332 patients who underwent posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) for the treatment of an anorectal malformation. All patients were operated on by the same person between September 1980 and June 1987. One hundred sixty-one patients were excluded: younger than 3 years, mentally retarded, colostomy still open, deaths, lost to follow-up, and having complex malformations. Patients were grouped according to their potential for continence. Voluntary bowel movements were considered one of the best indicators of fecal continence and were found among patients with a normal sacrum in 77% of those with rectourethral fistula and 30% of those with a vesical fistula. Except in 1 case, all patients with a normal sacrum and low malformation, vestibular fistula, anorectal agenesis without fistula, persistent cloaca, and atresia or stenosis had voluntary bowel movements. Different degress of soiling were present in patients with a normal sacrum including 20% with vestibular fistula, 30% with no fistula, 25% with atresia or stenosis, 61% with rectourethral fistula, 75% with cloacas, 50% with vesical fistulae, and 0% low malformations. Different degrees of constipation were found in patients with a normal sacrum including 50% with low malformations, 70% with vestibular fistulae, 55% with no fistula, 25% with atresia or stenosis, 30% with urethral fistulae, 75% with cloacas, and 50% with vesical fistulae. In contrast, only 20% of patients with more than 3 sacral vertebrae missing achieved voluntary bowel movements; 60% suffered constant soiling, 20% constipation, and 60% urinary incontinence. All evaluations were done without medical management. The average age of patients with voluntary bowel movements was 4.5 years; for patients without voluntary bowel movements it was 4 years. Patients with a normal sacrum and fecal incontinence operated upon elsewhere underwent secondary PSARP, achieving “marked improvement” in 45% of cases, “some improvement” in 37%, and “no improvement” in 18%. In contrast, those with an abnormal sacrum achieved 20%, 30%, and 50% respectively in each of the above-mentioned categories.
Liberty and welfare goods: Reflections on clashing liberalisms

Among the numerous moral commodities that political orders can produceand protect, classical liberalism assigns primacy to liberty, understoodas noninterference. As the nineteenth century advanced into its secondhalf, this primacy was increasingly seen as myopic. A more defensibleliberalism will devote itself to a wider range of basic human interests:this critique gained virtually unanimous acceptance within the newliberalism. Yet, surprisingly, during the past two decades classicalliberalism seems to have enjoyed a resurrection. This essay arguesthat it is well merited, that the superficial plausibility of the newliberal critique shielded a confusion between the questions of whichgoods matter and how they are properly to be afforded politicalrecognition.
Glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance as biochemical predictors of hypertension

Obesity, essential hypertension, and diabetes mellitus share certain metabolic disturbances. The predictive value of disordered glucose metabolism and insulin action for hypertension are discussed. Several studies have examined the relationship between hypertension and glucose metabolism in diverse populations, and tend to indicate a predictive role for insulin and glucose metabolism disturbances in the development of hypertension.
Operationalization of Concepts of the Theory Model

In Chapter Three, a theory model was developed to explain collective action in STARPOWER. In this chapter, the concepts of the model will be provided with operational definitions. These operationalizations are intended to make sense in the real world and in the “world apart” of the STARPOWER simulation.
Meta-Analysis of Life Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Priority Biobased Chemicals

Research and development for biobased chemical production has become a strategic priority in many countries, due to the widespread availability of renewable feedstocks and the potential for reduced life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil energy use compared to petrochemicals. These environmental benefits are not assured, however, as a multiplicity of processing features (i.e., biofeedstock, conversion platform, and energy/solvent recovery) and life cycle modeling factors (i.e., coproducts, allocation scheme, study scope, and location) influence the overall GHG emissions and energy use of a biobased chemical production scheme. Consequently, there has been high variability in reported environmental impacts of biobased chemical production across prior life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. This meta-analysis considered 34 priority biobased chemicals across 86 discrete LCA case studies. Most biobased chemicals exhibited reduced GHG emissions and net energy use compared to petrochemical counterparts...
Fundamental Studies on the Surface Chemistry of Ancylite, Calcite, and Strontianite

The fundamentals of the surface chemistry of ancylite, strontianite, and calcite in the presence of hydroxamic acid (HXY) were investigated based on their zeta potential, adsorption, infrared measurement, and microflotation. Zeta potential studies indicate that the isoelectric points of ancylite, strontianite, and calcite are around 5.46, 4.50, and 5.50, respectively. HXY is chemically adsorbed onto the surface of ancylite, which was confirmed by both zeta potential and infrared measurements. At room temperature, the monolayer coverage of HXY on ancylite is shown as 20 µmol/m2, which is much higher than the monolayer coverages for strontianite and calcite. In the comparison of adsorption densities of strontianite, calcite, and ancylite at both room temperature and 50 °C, the results show that strontianite and calcite appear more sensitive to temperature than ancylite. Microflotation studies of pure minerals show that theoretically, calcite could be separated from strontianite and ancylite at pH 7.5 in the presence of 5 × 10−4 M HXY, and ancylite can be separated from strontianite in the presence of 2 × 10−4 M HXY when pH is around 9. However, as indicated from the zeta potential results, the dissolved species from minerals significantly change the flotation behavior of minerals’ mixture. Thus, a successful flotation separation could not be achieved without any modifiers.
Matrix Effects in Quantitative Analysis of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) of Rock Powders Doped with Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Co

Obtaining quantitative chemical information using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is challenging due to the variability in the bulk composition of geological materials. Chemical matrix effects...
Trauma and the life course in a cross national perspective: Focus on Holocaust survivors living in Hungary.

This study describes how elderly Holocaust survivors living in Hungary evaluate their lives in the context of multiple sociopolitical upheavals they had experienced. We interviewed Holocaust survivors who continue to live in the locale of their original victimization and amid renewed threats of anti-Semitism. We examined evaluations of life during 9 historical periods, ranging from pre-Holocaust to the 1990s. We also considered data about late life morale, social integration, perceptions of social alienation, and concerns about future anti-Semitism. Data are reported, based on individual in-depth interviews with 104 Holocaust survivors living in Hungary. Findings about well-being and social outcomes are compared with data obtained in our earlier studies of 166 Holocaust survivors who immigrated to the United States and 184 survivors who immigrated to Israel after World War II. Results indicate that survivors living in Hungary experienced several postwar periods as highly stressful in addition to the trauma of the Holocaust. Survivors living in the United States, and particularly those living in Israel, portray better family life and social and psychological outcomes. Narrative responses of survivors living in Hungary point to a lack of social integration and ongoing threats to identity, along with fears about the rise of anti-Semitism, as factors that may adversely impact the maintenance of psychosocial well-being.
FIELD HOCKEY INJURIES AMONG HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS IN THE UNITED STATES, 2008/09–2015/16

Background Although women9s field hockey is a popular sport world-wide, detailed epidemiological injury data on United States (US) high school players are sparse. Characterizations of injury rates and patterns in high school athletes is the first necessary step to drive targeted injury prevention efforts. Objective Describe rates and patterns of high school field hockey injuries. Design Retrospective descriptive epidemiology. Setting US High Schools. Patients(or Participants) Injured high school field hockey athletes. Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) Athlete exposure (AE) and injury event data reported by athletic trainers to a large national high school sports-related injury surveillance system. Main Outcome Measurements Injury rates and patterns. Results From 2008/09–2015/16, 1,256 injuries were sustained during 723,026 AEs for a rate of 1.74/1,000 AE. Injury rates were significantly higher in competitions (2.64) than practices (1.32) (rate ratio=2.00, 95% CI=1.79–2.23). Neither practice nor competition injury rates changed significantly over time (p>0.05). Overall, most injuries were due to contact with a playing apparatus (20.0% contact with ball; 15.9% contact with stick). The most common injury mechanism during practice was non-contact (32.2%) but during competition was contact with a playing apparatus (49.9%). The most common injuries were concussions (15.5%) and hip/thigh/upper leg strains (13.1%); eye injuries were uncommon (0.8%). Most concussions occurred during competition (77.1%) and were due to contact with a playing apparatus (50.0%) or contact with another player (39.5%). Most athletes returned to play within 3 weeks (81.8%); 3.8% of injuries resulted in medical disqualifications for the remainder of the season. Surgical repair was required in 4.1% of injuries; specifically, 16.7% of knee injuries and 12.8% of fractures. Conclusions Field hockey injury rates and patterns differ between competition and practice. Injury prevention efforts should focus on reducing contact with the ball and stick, especially during competitions, while preserving the integrity of the game.
Country-Level Initiatives: Indonesia’s Reflections on and Plan for Women’s Entrepreneurship

This chapter offers a different approach to understand country-level initiatives which support the interests and efforts of female entrepreneurs in Japan. It highlights Japan’s major initiative to develop human resources as one fundamental element of its economic development plan. Specifically, it uses the case of Hiroshima to show how the implementation of one type of human resource, the resource center model, provides assistance to female entrepreneurs. Findings suggest that its use not only honors the national effort to provide personalized service, but also provides a structure for female entrepreneurs to realize their goal of becoming entrepreneurs.
'On December 1, 2015, sex changes. Forever': Pre-exposure prophylaxis and the pharmaceuticalisation of the neoliberal sexual subject.

ABSTRACTThe global scale-up of AIDS treatment initiatives during the first decade of the twenty-first century has been referred to as a kind of ‘pharmaceuticalisation’ of public health, a trend that is now building in the area of HIV prevention. This paper traces the emergence and increased uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), antiretroviral medications that can keep HIV negative individuals from becoming infected, placing it within the broader (re)casting of HIV prevention as a medical and technological problem that has been central to the recent ‘end of AIDS’ discourse. While HIV prevention discourses have been grounded in a neoliberal calculus of individual responsibility since the late 1990s, PrEP constitutes a pharmaceutical extension of the responsibilised sexual subject. Central to this extension are the acknowledgment of one's risk and a willingness to take pre-emptive medical action to secure a future without HIV. For men who have sex with men, a population heavily targeted for biomedical i...
High-Throughput Pattern Matching With CMOL FPGA Circuits: Case for Logic-in-Memory Computing

In this paper, we propose a novel CMOS+MOLecular (CMOL) field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit architecture to perform massively parallel, high-throughput computations, which is especially useful for pattern matching tasks and multidimensional associative searches. In the new architecture, patterns are stored as resistive states of emerging nonvolatile memory nanodevices, while the analyzed data are streamed via CMOS subsystem. The main improvements over prior work offered by the proposed circuits are increased nanodevice utilization and, as a result, substantially higher throughput, which is demonstrated by a detailed analysis of the implementation of pattern matching task on the new architecture. For example, our estimates show that the proposed CMOL FPGA circuits based on the 22-nm CMOS technology and one crossbar layer with 22-nm nanowire half-pitch allows up to 12.5% average nanodevice utilization, i.e., the fraction of the devices turned to the high conductive state, as compared to a typical ~0.1% of the original CMOL FPGA circuits. This in turn enables throughput close to ${7.1\times 10^{16}}$ bits/s/cm2 at ~ 1 fJ/bit energy efficiency, for matching of ~ 107 250-bit patterns stored locally on a 1 cm2 chip. These numbers are at least 2 orders of magnitude better throughput as compared to that of other state-of-the-art FPGA methods, and begin to approach ternary content-addressable memory -like performance at similar CMOS technology nodes. More generally, we argue that the proposed concept combines the versatility of reconfigurable architectures and density of the associative memories. It can be viewed as a very tight symbiotic integration of memory and logic functions for high-performance logic-in-memory computing.
Electro–Absorption Waveguide Modulator Performance

A holistic analysis for waveguide-based electro-absorption modulators demonstrates that all the materials with direct interband absorption show comparable performance from the fundamental point of view. Only reducing the effective waveguide area can lead to reduced switching energy and wide bandwidth.
Invasion of Privacy and Self-Disclosure in a Counseling Setting

The cumulative influences of crowded settings, frenetically paced social life, and increasingly popular open-space design have made a sense of personal privacy progressively more difficult to achieve in contemporary society. A vital research question for the environmental psychologist concerns the extent to which social accommodation may be a psychological correlate of this reduced sense of privacy. An opportunity to investigate this issue in a particular setting emerged when we were approached by a counseling agency where, due to the constraints of restricted space, counselors were forced to operate in shared space in contrast to a private counseling room. Two questions were posed by the agency: (1) Would reduced privacy in the counseling setting adversely affect client self-disclosure? (2) If so, might an inexpensive environmental solution, such as the placement of a desk or bookcase as a partial obstacle, increase self-disclosure?
Locomotion of Cancer Cells in vivo Compared with Normal Cells

Among the various possible mechanisms by which cancer invades its host, the active motility of carcinoma cells has invited study since first observed in vitro with time-lapse photomicrography several decades ago-here seen accelerated 240 times.
Effect of a collagen shield on cat corneal epithelial wound healing.

We have previously demonstrated that a corneal bandage lens made from porcine scleral collagen may be useful in treating various ocular surface problems. In order to determine whether the collagen shield would accelerate epithelial healing, a 7 mm diameter circular area in the center of the left cornea often domestic cats was mechanically deepithelialized. In five of the cats, a 14.5 mm non-cross-linked collagen shield was then placed on the cornea covering the wound. Another shield was applied 24 hr after surgery. The wound size was determined immediately after surgery and at 8-hr intervals until wound closure. Using analysis of variance for experiments with repeated observations, there was a significantly greater healing response in the treated group than in the control group. There was, however, no significant difference in slope between the two groups, suggesting that the shield did not increase the speed of epithelial cell migration. Rather, the effect of the shield was most pronounced during the first 8 hr after wounding. In contrast to that of the treated group, the mean defect radius of the control group was larger at t = 8 hr than at t = 0 hr. The earlier wound closure exhibited by the treated group, which may be due to protection and lubrication of the epithelial cells at the margins of the fresh wound, suggests that the collagen shield may be useful in treating corneal surface conditions of which deepithelialization is a component. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:1565-1568,1989
Primary renal angiosarcoma

An older male patient with a history of tachycardia treated with atenolol presented to an outside hospital on 22 February 2017 with acute right flank pain. He had a CT scan which revealed a large right renal mass with acute haemorrhage. He was initially managed with interventional radiology guided embolism on 25 February 2017 due to the ongoing bleeding and haemodynamic instability. He was then transferred to our institution. He underwent right radical nephrectomy on 13 March 2017. His pathology revealed a 12.5×6×4.5 cm mass consistent with angiosarcoma of the right kidney with negative margins. Final pathology was pT2b with extension of the mass into the renal vein and perirenal adipose tissue. He was discharged soon after surgery. He was recommended to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy.
Adapted ATPase domain communication overcomes the cytotoxicity of p97 inhibitors

The AAA+ ATPase p97 regulates ubiquitin-dependent protein homeostasis and has been pursued as a cancer drug target. The ATP-competitive inhibitor CB-5083 and allosteric inhibitor NMS-873 are the most advanced p97 inhibitors described to date. Previous studies have reported that their cytotoxicity can be readily overcome and involves single p97 mutations in the linker between the D1 and D2 ATPase domains and within D2. We report here that the proline 472 to leucine (P472L) mutation, in the D1-D2 linker and identified in CB-5083-resistant cells, desensitizes p97 to both inhibitor classes. This mutation does not disrupt the distinct D2-binding sites of the inhibitors. Instead, P472L changes ATPase domain communication within the p97 hexamer. P472L enhances cooperative D2 ATP binding and hydrolysis. This mechanism alters the function of the D1-D2 linker in the control of D2 activity involving the ATP-bound state of D1. Although increased D2 activity is sufficient to desensitize the P472L mutant to NMS-873, the mutant's desensitization to CB-5083 also requires D1 ATPase domain function. Our study highlights the remarkable adaptability of p97 ATPase domain communication that enables escape from mechanistically distinct classes of cytotoxic p97 inhibitors.
Quasi-Thermodynamic Kinetic Systems

In Chapter 7 we discussed, briefly, origins of the Deficiency Zero Theorem. There we introduced the idea of complex balancing, a major generalization by Horn and Jackson [109] of an earlier related idea, detailed balancing. We also hinted at connections of both ideas to classical thermodynamics. In this chapter we will elaborate on thermodynamic roots underlying arguments to come, largely to provide motivation for purely mathematical proof techniques that might otherwise seem improvisatory.
Molecular transport through primary human small intestinal monolayers by culture on a collagen scaffold with a gradient of chemical cross-linking

The luminal surface of the small intestine is composed of a monolayer of cells overlying a lamina propria comprised of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The ECM provides a porous substrate critical for nutrient exchange and cellular adhesion. The enterocytes within the epithelial monolayer possess proteins such as transporters, carriers, pumps and channels that participate in the movement of drugs, metabolites, ions and amino acids and whose function can be regulated or altered by the properties of the ECM. Here, we characterized expression and function of proteins involved in transport across the human small intestinal epithelium grown on two different culture platforms. One strategy employs a conventional scaffolding method comprised of a thin ECM film overlaying a porous membrane while the other utilizes a thick ECM hydrogel placed on a porous membrane. The thick hydrogel possesses a gradient of chemical cross-linking along its length to provide a softer substrate than that of the ECM film-coated membrane while maintaining mechanical stability. The monolayers on both platforms possessed goblet cells and abundant enterocytes and were impermeable to Lucifer yellow and fluorescein-dextran (70 kD) indicating high barrier integrity. Multiple transporter proteins were present in both primary-cell culture formats at levels similar to those present in freshly isolated crypts/villi; however, expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in the monolayers on the conventional scaffold was substantially less than that on the gradient cross-linked scaffold and freshly isolated crypts/villi. Monolayers on the conventional scaffold failed to transport the BCRP substrate prazosin while cells on the gradient cross-linked scaffold successfully transported this drug to better mimic the properties of in vivo small intestine. The results of this comparison highlight the need to create in vitro intestinal transport platforms whose characteristics mimic the in vivo lamina propria in order to accurately recapitulate epithelial function.
An acyl-CoA dehydrogenase microplate activity assay using recombinant porcine electron transfer flavoprotein

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) play key roles in the mitochondrial catabolism of fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids. All nine characterized ACAD enzymes use electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) as their redox partner. The gold standard for measuring ACAD activity is the anaerobic ETF fluorescence reduction assay, which follows the decrease of pig ETF fluorescence as it accepts electrons from an ACAD in vitro. Although first described 35 years ago, the assay has not been widely used due to the need to maintain an anaerobic assay environment and to purify ETF from pig liver mitochondria. Here, we present a method for expressing recombinant pig ETF in E coli and purifying it to homogeneity. The recombinant protein is virtually pure after one chromatography step, bears higher intrinsic fluorescence than the native enzyme, and provides enhanced activity in the ETF fluorescence reduction assay. Finally, we present a simplified protocol for removing molecular oxygen that allows adaption of the assay to a 96-well plate format. The availability of recombinant pig ETF and the microplate version of the ACAD activity assay will allow wide application of the assay for both basic research and clinical diagnostics.
Reduced herbicide rates for control of living mulch and weeds in fresh market tomato

Living mulches can provide many sustainability benefits. However, living mulch–cash crop competition and unreliable weed control are major challenges in living mulch systems. In this study, we evaluated the potential of herbicides used at reduced rates in combination with living mulch to suppress weeds, while simultaneously reducing living mulch vigor. Herbicide treatments were a combination of two POST applications, each consisting of a single, different herbicide. Field trials were conducted in Freeville, NY, USA, using: fresh market field tomato as cash crop; sesbania and sunn hemp as living mulch; and the herbicides fomesafen, halosulfuron, metribuzin, and rimsulfuron. In 2015, when water was not limiting, tomato yield and living mulch biomass were positively correlated. This relationship was negative in 2016, likely because of drought during the growing season. Compared with the untreated living mulch check, using the herbicide treatments in combination with living mulch reduced tomato yield losses by up to 71% in 2015 and 51% in 2016. In these herbicide plus living mulch plots, weed biomass was reduced by up to 97%, compared with the weedy check. Living mulch in herbicide treatments generated up to 2500 kg ha–1 of dry matter during both 2015 and 2016, with an average ground cover of 63% in 2015 and 85% in 2016. A predominantly PRE herbicide with residual soil activity (metribuzin), followed by a herbicide with greater POST activity (halosulfuron/rimsulfuron) was the most effective herbicide application sequence. Results from our study indicate that well-designed herbicide applications may enhance the practicability of living mulch systems.Nomenclature: Fomesafen; halosulfuron; metribuzin; rimsulfuron; sesbania, Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.; sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L.; tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.
In-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation of patients with cirrhosis: A population-based analysis.

Objective To examine the epidemiology and outcomes of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among patients with cirrhosis. Methods We used the Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File to identify hospitalizations aged ≥ 18 years with and without cirrhosis during 2009-2014 and those in each group who have undergone in-hospital CPR. Short-term survival (defined as absence of hospital mortality or discharge to hospice) following in-hospital CPR was examined. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to assess the prognostic impact of cirrhosis following in-hospital CPR and predictors of short-term survival among cirrhosis hospitalizations. Results In-hospital CPR was reported in 2,511 and 51,969 hospitalizations with and without cirrhosis, respectively. The rate of in-hospital CPR (per 1,000 hospitalizations) was 7.6 and 4.0 among hospitalizations with and without cirrhosis, respectively. The corresponding rate of in-hospital CPR among decedents was 10.7% and 13.4%, respectively. Short-term survival following in-hospital CPR among hospitalizations with and without cirrhosis was 14.9% and 27.3%, respectively, and remained unchanged over time on adjusted analyses among the former (p = 0.1753), while increasing among the latter (p = 0.0404). Cirrhosis was associated with lower odds of short-term survival following in-hospital CPR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.55 [95% CI: 0.49-0.62]). Lack of health insurance (vs. Medicare) (aOR] 0.47 [95% CI: 0.34-0.67]) and sepsis ([aOR] 0.67 [95% CI: 0.53-85]) were associated with lower odds of short-term survival following in-hospital CPR among cirrhosis hospitalizations. Conclusions The rate of in-hospital CPR was nearly 2-fold higher among hospitalizations with cirrhosis than among those without it, though it was used more selectively among the former. Short-term survival following in-hospital CPR remained markedly lower among cirrhosis hospitalizations, while progressively improving among those without cirrhosis. Strategies to increase access to health insurance and improve early identification and control of infection should be explored in future preventive and interventional efforts.
On memory, nostalgia, and the temporal expression of Josquin’s Ave Maria… virgo serena

I draw upon Edmund Husserl’s classic text, On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time (1893–1917), in order to reframe some of his insight regarding the structures of inner time-consciousness and lay the groundwork for a few claims of my own. First, I show how musical expression is constituted in relation to the flowing movement of absolute subjectivity. Moreover, by carefully distinguishing between retention and recollection, I clarify, on the one hand, music’s ability to support access to memory proper (i.e. memory as a representation of the past) and, on the other hand, its ability to keep the past “in play,” so to speak (i.e. as an experience of nostalgia—as a perception of the past in terms of protentions that pertain to the present). In this way, we come to understand how music offers a unique memorial capacity—it makes possible the life of the past, as the vital movement of absolute subjectivity. Throughout the essay, I refer to Josquin’s motet Ave Maria…virgo serena in order to clarify the specific temporal structures that are at issue.
Single Vehicle Localization and Routing in GPS-Denied Environments Using Range-Only Measurements

Path planning algorithms for unmanned aerial or ground vehicles rely on Global Positioning System (GPS) information for localization in many surveillance and reconnaissance applications. However, disruption of GPS signals, by intention or otherwise, can render these algorithms ineffective. This paper provides a way of addressing this issue by leveraging range information from additionally placed stationary objects in the environment called Landmarks (LMs). The placement of LMs and the route followed by the vehicle is posed as an integer program such that the total travel and LM placement cost is minimized. The proposed formulation of the optimization problem also allows for a limited field-of-view of the sensor on-board the vehicle. For instances that are hard to solve for optimal solutions using the integer program, we present two fast heuristics to find good feasible solutions. We provide a systematic framework and algorithms for the problem, and evaluate the system using numerical, simulation and experimental results.
3 – Iron-deficiency anemia

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the iron deficiency anemia in children worldwide. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in children, but it also exists to a lesser extent in schoolchildren and preadolescents. The incidence of iron deficiency is 5.5% in inner-city schoolchildren ranging in age from 5 to 8 years, 2.6% in preadolescents, and 25% in pregnant teenage girls. It is inversely proportional to economic status. It most prominently occurs during late infancy and early childhood when the following may occur: rapid growth with exhaustion of gestational iron, low levels of dietary iron, and complicating effect of cow's milk. A second peak is seen during adolescence due to rapid growth and suboptimal iron intake. This is amplified in females due to menstrual blood loss. The etiologic factors associated with it are dietary requirements, food iron content, growth, blood loss, impaired absorption, and nonhematologic manifestations. It is diagnosed by blood hemoglobin, blood smear, red cell indices, reticulocyte count, platelet count, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum ferritin, serum iron and iron saturation percentage, and therapeutic trial. Some of the common treatments used are nutritional counseling, oral iron medication, parental therapy, blood transfusion, and partial exchange transfusion.
IQGAP1 causes choroidal neovascularization by sustaining VEGFR2-mediated Rac1 activation

Loss of visual acuity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) occurs when factors activate choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) to transmigrate the retinal pigment epithelium into the sensory retina and develop into choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Active Rac1 (Rac1GTP) is required for CEC migration and is induced by different AMD-related stresses, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Besides its role in pathologic events, Rac1 also plays a role in physiologic functions. Therefore, we were interested in a method to inhibit pathologic activation of Rac1. We addressed the hypothesis that IQGAP1, a scaffold protein with a Rac1 binding domain, regulates pathologic Rac1GTP in CEC migration and CNV. Compared to littermate Iqgap1+/+, Iqgap1-/- mice had reduced volumes of laser-induced CNV and decreased Rac1GTP and phosphorylated VEGFR2 (p-VEGFR2) within lectin-stained CNV. Knockdown of IQGAP1 in CECs significantly reduced VEGF-induced Rac1GTP, mediated through p-VEGFR2, which was necessary for CEC migration. Moreover, sustained activation of Rac1GTP induced by VEGF was eliminated when CECs were transfected with an IQGAP1 construct that is unable to bind Rac1. IQGAP1-mediated Src activation was involved in initiating Rac1 activation, CEC migration, and tube formation. Our findings indicate that CEC IQGAP1 interacts with VEGFR2 to mediate Src activation and subsequent Rac1 activation and CEC migration. In addition, IQGAP1 binding to Rac1GTP results in sustained activation of Rac1, leading to CEC migration toward VEGF. Our study supports a role of IQGAP1 and the interaction between IQGAP1 and Rac1GTP to restore CECs quiescence and, therefore, prevent vision-threatening CNV in nAMD.
A Personalized Brain-Based Quiz Game for Improving Students' Cognitive Functions.

Brain-based learning is the understanding of the human brain functions and its application in educational environments for meaningful learning. Brain-Based Learning adapts the learning process based on the function of human brain, providing a learner-centered tutoring environment. To this direction, a personalized brain-based quiz game was developed applying the principles of brain-based learning and Marzano Taxonomy for promoting meaningful learning and improving students’ higher order cognitive functions. Thus, the system adapts quiz content based on student knowledge level, emotional state and the learning goal set. Regarding the control grouped pre-test and post-test experiment; the results reveal that this approach has a positive effect on students’ performance, outperforming the traditional e-assessment systems.
Unwriting The Waves

To contemplate Virginia Woolf’s The Waves beside its 800-page draft is to wonder how this modernist masterpiece could ever have emerged from the ‘masses of irrelevance’ Woolf produced and discarded in creating it. In ‘Unwriting the Novel,’ Christine Froula discovers The Waves’s heretofore unnoticed genesis in Woolf’s 1920 short story ‘An Unwritten Novel’—a radical break with fiction’s illusionist conventions and a ‘great discovery’ that brought many still ‘unwritten novels’ into her ken. She tracks Woolf’s arduous, pathbreaking struggle through The Waves’s genetic text in search of a ground for the radically abstracted narrative authority on which to stand her people ‘like statues leaning against the sky,’ finding its image at last in the trains and stations that signal the modern condition, here as throughout Woolf’s fiction, and figure the journey of ‘anybody’ through life to death. The writing of The Waves is also, Froula shows, a triumphant feat of unwriting.
Who Is Citing Your Work? Journals With Impact Factor and h-Index in Social Work and Related Fields:

Purpose:With journal publishing being an important task for academicians, this article aims to help faculty and researchers increase their productivity by identifying journals with influential impa...
The Influence of Ethanol on Albumin Metabolism

The mechanisms responsible for the production of protein within the liver cells are the subject of continued detailed investigations and the myriad of steps located between the initial turning on of the assembly line to the final extrusion of the completed molecule offer innumerable areas for regulation or modification and thus control. In attempting to outline the effects of any particular stress on the synthetic mechanism it will ultimately be necessary to delineate the steps as they proceed in the formation of the protein. Further, it will be necessary to use as specific an isolated system as possible so that the interplay of in vivo factors tending to dampen the effects of one stress or another can be eliminated.
Review of Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning, edited by Bonny Norton and Kelleen Toohey.

CRITICAL PEDAGOGIES AND LANGUAGE LEARNING. Bonny Norton and Kelleen Toohey (Eds.) . New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xiii + 362. $77.00 cloth, $28.00 paper. Language is not simply communication; rather, it is a practice that constructs the ways language learners understand themselves and their social surroundings. This collection assembles the work of 22 scholars interested in critical perspectives on language education in different sites of practice. They investigate how social relationships and issues of power are centrally important in developing critical language education pedagogies.
Talking with Children About Natural Disasters: Maternal Acknowledgment, Child Emotion Talk, and Child Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Talking about past experiences with parents is generally thought to promote positive psychological adjustment in children. Less is known about parent–child co-reminiscing when discussing past traumatic experiences, such as natural disasters, a unique type of shared trauma that can have long-lasting, and variable, psychological impacts on children and families. The current study examined the association between qualities of parent–child co-reminiscing and children’s posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following exposure to a devastating tornado. Forty-nine children ages 8–12 years (49% female; 78% White/Non-Hispanic) and their mothers who experienced a category EF-5 tornado in May 2011 participated in this study and provided joint recollections about their tornado experiences approximately 14–18 months post-tornado. Children also provided individual recollections about their tornado-related experiences. Individual recollections were coded for negative and positive emotion words and parent–child conversations were coded for maternal acknowledgement of child generated content. Maternal acknowledgement moderated the link between children’s use of both positive and negative emotion words and child tornado-related PTSS, such that children’s use of both positive and negative emotion words was associated with higher levels of PTSS but only at lower levels of maternal acknowledgment. Maternal acknowledgement of child expressions may be a protective factor for disaster-exposed children. Understanding how children and parents discuss trauma experiences, and how aspects of discussions are associated with youth mental health, may ultimately inform interventions to help children and parents communicate following disaster exposure in a way that promotes optimal growth and recovery.
Cognitive impairment associated with greater care intensity during home health care.

BACKGROUND In Medicare-funded home health care (HHC), one in three patients has cognitive impairment (CI), but little is known about the care intensity they receive in this setting. Recent HHC reimbursement changes fail to adjust for patient CI, potentially creating a financial disincentive to caring for these individuals. METHODS This cohort study included a nationally representative sample of 1214 Medicare HHC patients between 2011 and 2016. Multivariable logistic and negative binomial regressions modelled the relationship between patient CI and care intensity-measured as the number and type of visits received during HHC and likelihood of receiving multiple successive HHC episodes. RESULTS Patients with CI had 45% (P < .05) greater odds of receiving multiple successive HHC episodes and received an additional 2.82 total (P < .001), 1.39 nursing (P = .003), 0.72 physical therapy (P = .03), and 0.60 occupational therapy visits (P = .01) during the index HHC episode. DISCUSSION Recent HHC reimbursement changes do not reflect the more intensive care needs of patients with CI.
CHARMING: Harmonizing synonymous codon usage to replicate a desired codon usage pattern.

There is a growing appreciation that synonymous codon usage, although historically regarded as phenotypically silent, can instead alter a wide range of mechanisms related to functional protein production, a term we use here to describe the net effect of transcription (mRNA synthesis), mRNA half-life, translation (protein synthesis) and the probability of a protein folding correctly to its active, functional structure. In particular, recent discoveries have highlighted the important role that sub-optimal codons can play in modifying co-translational protein folding. These results have drawn increased attention to the patterns of synonymous codon usage within coding sequences, particularly in light of the discovery that these patterns can be conserved across evolution for homologous proteins. Because synonymous codon usage differs between organisms, for heterologous gene expression it can be desirable to make synonymous codon substitutions to match the codon usage pattern from the original organism in the heterologous expression host. Here we present CHARMING (for Codon HARMonizING), a robust and versatile algorithm to design mRNA sequences for heterologous gene expression and other related codon harmonization tasks. CHARMING can be run as a downloadable Python script or via a web portal at http://www.codons.org. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.