cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production of fetal-like alkaline phosphatase by HeLa cells.

Alkaline phosphatase produced by HeLa cells differs in its chemical and physical properties from the enzyme found in adult organs and tissues (Cox and Griffin, 1967). In the present study HeLa cell alkaline phosphatase was compared to a fetal form of the enzyme found in human placenta. Both enzymes have approximately the same molecular weight as judged by sucrose density gradients, and the chemical and physical properties of these alkaline phosphatases are similar. The electrophoretic pattern of the HeLa cell enzyme resembles the placental alkaline phosphatase of the heterozygous FS phenotype except that it is slower moving. Double immunodiffusion using an antibody against HeLa cell alkaline phosphatase and placental and HeLa cell enzymes as antigens shows a single line of partial identity between the two enzymes, with a small spur suggesting additional antigenic sites on the HeLa cell enzyme. The data suggest that malignant cells in culture, HeLa, are producing a fetal-like alkaline phosphatase probably by “derepression of the genome.” However, the electrophoretic and immunological characteristics of the enzyme are altered sufficiently so that it can be distinguished from the normally produced fetal enzyme.
Immunocytochemical study of parafollicular cells of the thyroid and ultimobranchial remnants of the European bison.

Summary The aim of the present study was to compare parafollicular cells in the bison thyroid and its ultimobranchial remnants. The thyroid of 26 European bisons was fixed in Bouin's fluid, 5 urn thick paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Azan or silver Grimelius methods. For immunocytochemical analysis specific rabbit antisera were used against human calcitonin (CT), human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), bovine (b) or rat (r) neuron-specific enolase (NSE), human synthetic somatostatin (ST), and porcine chromogranin. Strongly positive reactions in the majority of parafollicular cells were observed after application of antisera against CT, CGRP, bNSE and rNSE only. ST-immunopositive cells were found in small numbers. Immunopositive parafollicular cells were also present outside typical structures of the thyroid within persistent ultimobranchial remnants. In persistent ultimobranchial bodies, parafollicular cells were frequently observed in groups between ultimobranchial follicles in form of solid cell nests. Many of these cells did not react with any of the antisera used and showed features of immature cells. It is concluded that histomorphologic analysis and immunocytochemical examination reveals a heterogeneous population of parafollicular cells in the bison thyroid, and this heterogeneity was particularly clear in persistent ultimobranchial bodies.
Improving communication in the health care setting.

![Figure][1] Poor communication skills within a health care setting can result in misunderstanding and faulty decisions that could adversely affect a patient’s health and well-being. Poor communication can contribute to provider and patient frustration, and dealing with the consequences can
The Intersection of Conversation, Cognitions, and Campaigns: The Social Representation of Organ Donation

Social representations theory (SRT) has been underused in the communication field. This theory helps explain the interrelationships between interpersonal communication, cognition, and the mass media, particularly in situations where a new phenomenon emerges that requires some kind of social response. Because organ donation is still poorly understood by the public, in large part because of entertainment television, SRT is well suited to helping researchers and practitioners understand the complex interplay of factors within a population(s) that contribute to reluctance to donate organs after death. In this paper, it is argued that public communication campaigns should include strategies to provoke interpersonal communication about the topic as a means of creating social representations that promote behaviors that support public health.
Learning of grasp control in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy

This study examined whether children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) have anticipatory control of fingertip forces during lifts of familiar objects, and what type of practice (blocked or random) best enhances the retention of anticipatory control during lifts of novel objects. Eighteen children with hemiplegic CP (7 females, 11 males; 7 to 14 years of age, mean age 10 years, SD 1.8) and 18 age-matched typically developing children (8 males, 10 females; mean age 10.4 years, SD 1.7) participated in the study. In the first experiment the children lifted familiar objects of various weights and sizes five times each, while the vertical lifting (load) force was measured. Most participants demonstrated higher rates of load force increase for heavier (and larger) objects already during the first lift, indicating anticipatory control. Furthermore, the load force rates generally were similar across the five lifts for each object, suggesting that they had stable representations of the objects' properties. In the second experiment children lifted three novel objects varying in weight (but identical in volume) 27 times each, in either a blocked or a random order, followed by nine immediate and nine delayed (24 hours) retention trials. Blocked practice resulted in greater differentiation of the force rates between objects during acquisition than did random practice. Both practice schedules resulted in similar retention. These findings suggest that children with hemiplegic CP have a priori internal representations used for anticipatory force scaling with familiar objects. Furthermore, the results indicate that these children can form and retain internal representations of novel objects for anticipatory control, irrespective of the type of practice schedule employed. Thus, clinically based practice sessions that incorporate lifts with novel objects may enhance anticipatory force scaling and related prehensile function in children with hemiplegic CP.
Impact evaluation - the experience of the independent evaluation group of the World Bank

The term impact evaluation has had many meanings in the past and continues to be used in various ways. In this study, the particular definition used here - counterfactual analysis of final welfare outcomes - is one which implies the need for a rigorous approach to establishing the counterfactual. Two problems arise when attempting to do this - contamination and selection bias. Impact evaluation is approached in various ways. The current emphasis on rigor is important but should not lead to the neglect of aspects of evaluation design which ensure its policy relevance. Adopting a theory-based approach is the best way of ensuring such relevance, since it will yield information on how the program is working not just if it is working. In IEG's experience, rigorous impact evaluation is expensive. This high cost is one reason why impact evaluation, whilst an important part of the evaluation toolkit, cannot reasonably be expected to be carried out for any but a relatively small percentage of total operations. It is therefore important to select subjects carefully so as to build up a collection of policy-relevant knowledge. The case studies researched by the authors include: improving the quantity and quality of basic education in Ghana; meeting the health Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in Bangladesh; the Bangladesh integrated nutrition project; and agricultural extension services in Kenya.
Reliability and ultra-low temperature bonding of high density large area arrays with Cu/Sn-Cu interconnects for 3D integration

The results of lifetime testing of Cu/Sn-Cu eutectic bonded dice at 10µm pitch in large area arrays of 325,632 interconnects are shown. The interconnect bonding process (pressure and temperature) required for the formation of low resistance (∼100 mΩ), high yielding (99.99% individual bond yield), and reliable interconnects is described. The effects of thermal cycling on electrical yield and resistance are presented. Ultra-low temperature eutectic bonding (at 210°C, below the melting point of tin) is demonstrated to produce high electrical yield, high shear strength and similar intermetallic compound formation to devices bonded at the standard 300°C temperature. Electrical results, shear test results, SEM cross sections and EDS analysis comparisons are presented. The ultralow temperature process may prove useful for integrating IC dice that have low thermal budgets.
Characterization of Ceramics by X‐Ray and Neutron Small‐Angle Scattering

This paper reviews some recent advances in small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering methods and their application to address complex issues in ceramic systems of technological importance. It is shown how small-angle scattering (SAS) can be applied to ceramic systems in order to extract statistically representative microstructure information (e.g., void volume fraction size distributions, internal surface areas, pore morphologies) that complements the information obtained from diffraction methods, X-ray microtomography, or electron microscopy. It is demonstrated how SAS studies provide insights, not obtainable by other means, on the processing–microstructure–property relationships that frequently govern technological performance.
“Can't You See The Courage, The Strength That I Have?”: Listening to Urban Adolescent Girls Speak about Their Relationships

This study explored, qualitatively, the ways in which 12 urban, poor and working-class adolescent girls spoke about themselves, their relationships, and their school over a 3 year period. The ability to be outspoken or to “speak one's mind” in relationships was identified as the most prevalent theme in their interviews. Ten of the 12 adolescent girls indicated that they were able to speak openly and honestly in many of their relationships. These outspoken voices were focused not only on expressing anger and disagreement in relationships, but also on voicing care and connection. Seven of the adolescents indicated, however, that while they were outspoken in their relationships with parents, teachers, and female friends, they were not willing to “speak their minds” in their relationships with boys. These findings raise critical questions regarding the psychology of girls and women.
Sculptural forms from hyperbolic tessellations

A toolbox of algorithmic techniques is presented for creating a variety of novel, visually engaging, sculptural forms that express a mathematical aesthetic embodied within a plausibly organic organization. Hyperbolic tessellations in the Poincare plane are transformed in several ways to three-dimensional networks of edges. Then these edge networks are thickened to solid struts with a simple robust "strut algorithm". By the use of different transformations and adjustable parameters in the algorithms, a variety of high-genus forms result. The techniques are robust enough to produce watertight boundary representations to be built with solid freeform fabrication equipment. The final physical sculptures satisfy the "coolness criterion," that passers by will pick them up and say "Wow, that's cool!"
A New Name for Papaver pseudo-orientale (Papaveraceae)

The new name Papaver setiferum Goldblatt (Papaveraceae) is proposed for P. pseudo-orientale (Fedde) Medw. (1918), which is a homonym for a plant of that name coined by E. G. Camus in 1898 for the hybrid P. orientale L. × P. lateritium K. Koch, described in detail but not named by J. R. Jungner in 1889.
American elementary school children's attitudes about immigrants, immigration, and being an American

The current study examined 5 to 11-year-old European American children's (N = 90) attitudes regarding immigrants, immigration policy, and what it means to be an American. The majority of children in the sample (from a predominantly European American community) held strong American identities and had distinct ideas about what it means to be an American (namely, one must love America, live by its rules, and be White). Children were in favor of legal immigration as a policy, and although they believed in allowing illegal immigrants to stay if employed, many younger children believed they should go to jail. Many children in the sample were aware of Americans' anti-immigration sentiments, largely attributing it to ethnic/cultural discrimination. Finally, children held negative attitudes about immigrants, particularly Mexican immigrants. These negative attitudes were most evident among children who held a strong, prototypical national in-group identity. In contrast, children did not hold differential attitudes about White and Black Americans.
Small- and Large-Effect Quantitative Trait Locus Interactions Underlie Variation in Yeast Sporulation Efficiency

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) with small effects on phenotypic variation can be difficult to detect and analyze. Because of this a large fraction of the genetic architecture of many complex traits is not well understood. Here we use sporulation efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model complex trait to identify and study small-effect QTL. In crosses where the large-effect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN) have been genetically fixed we identify small-effect QTL that explain approximately half of the remaining variation not explained by the major effects. We find that small-effect QTL are often physically linked to large-effect QTL and that there are extensive genetic interactions between small- and large-effect QTL. A more complete understanding of quantitative traits will require a better understanding of the numbers, effect sizes, and genetic interactions of small-effect QTL.
Laser ablation using a long-pulsed, high-fluence, CW single-mode fiber laser

Abstract Laser ablation is commonly used to produce microsized holes that are difficult to produce by conventional methods. To achieve non-thermal ablation, ultra-short-pulse lasers in the range of femtoseconds are often used. However, they are very expensive and their material removal rates are very limited due to the small amount of energy they can deposit and their low repetition rates. In this paper, the feasibility of using a continuous-wave fiber laser to perform thermal ablation via long-period pulses is investigated. The fiber laser has excellent beam quality and can be modulated to operate at different pulse widths in the range of tens of microseconds with high repetition rates. Results show that a pulse of 18 μs produces the optimum hole characteristics. Also, the removal rate is superior to other lasers used for laser ablation. A though-hole was generated in a piece of stainless steel 100 μm thick using only seven pulses.
Trouble with diffusion: Reassessing hillslope erosion laws with a particle-based model

[1] Many geomorphic systems involve a broad distribution of grain motion length scales, ranging from a few particle diameters to the length of an entire hillslope or stream. Studies of analogous physical systems have revealed that such broad motion distributions can have a significant impact on macroscale dynamics and can violate the assumptions behind standard, local gradient flux laws. Here, a simple particle-based model of sediment transport on a hillslope is used to study the relationship between grain motion statistics and macroscopic landform evolution. Surface grains are dislodged by random disturbance events with probabilities and distances that depend on local microtopography. Despite its simplicity, the particle model reproduces a surprisingly broad range of slope forms, including asymmetric degrading scarps and cinder cone profiles. At low slope angles the dynamics are diffusion like, with a short-range, thin-tailed hop length distribution, a parabolic, convex upward equilibrium slope form, and a linear relationship between transport rate and gradient. As slope angle steepens, the characteristic grain motion length scale begins to approach the length of the slope, leading to planar equilibrium forms that show a strongly nonlinear correlation between transport rate and gradient. These high-probability, long-distance motions violate the locality assumption embedded in many common gradient-based geomorphic transport laws. The example of a degrading scarp illustrates the potential for grain motion dynamics to vary in space and time as topography evolves. This characteristic renders models based on independent, stationary statistics inapplicable. An accompanying analytical framework based on treating grain motion as a survival process is briefly outlined.
Is adipose tissue oversold as a health risk

Abstract A high percentage of body fat is considered to be the primary cause of risks associated with high body weight. Yet body fat content per se may not cause the risks. The contribution of obesity to risks may be because overfilled adipose tissue cannot remove offending substances from circulation. The ability to remove excess glucose, lipids, and offending materials from circulation, not the amount of body fat, may be the important factor. People with large, partially filled adipose depots may have less risk than people with small, but filled adipose depots. This concept is supported by many studies. Energy restriction in genetically obese animals greatly increases longevity and slows signs of aging even while the animals remain obese. Weight reduction often corrects weight-associated medical problems in obese persons without returning body-fat levels to normal. Statistically generated desirable body-fat contents or desirable height-weight tables may have little meaning for individuals and may cause more harm than good. Because these standards are not appropriate for some people, they should be discarded as a guide for all. More emphasis should be placed on healthy lifestyles and less on body-fat percentages.
Factoring Dynamic Bayesian Networks based on structural observability

Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) provide a systematic framework for robust online monitoring of dynamic systems. This paper presents an approach for increasing the efficiency of online estimation by partitioning a system DBN into a set of smaller factors, such that estimation algorithms can be applied to each factor independently. Our factoring scheme is based on the analysis of structural observability of the dynamic system. We establish the theoretical background for structural observability and derive an algorithm for generating the factors using structural observability analysis. We present experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our factoring approach for accurate estimation of system behavior.
Infectious complications of venous access devices

Abstract Infection represents one of the most common venous access device (VAD)-related complications requiring catheter removal. Recognition of such complications is essential to provide appropriate therapy in the setting of active infection. This article reviews the definition of various types of infections, as well as reviewing the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of VAD-related infections. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Conformations of alkali ion cationized polyethers in the gas phase: polyethylene glycol and bis[(benzo-15-crown-5)-15-ylmethyl] pimelate

Abstract Ion chromatography/ion mobility methods are applied to two polyether systems cationized by alkali ions. MALDI is used to generate the ions in all cases. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600 is cationized by Li + and Cs + and compared to earlier work by von Helden et al. on Na + cationized PEG 600. A very similar distribution is obtained in the MALDI spectrum of all three metals suggesting the true PEG 600 distribution is being observed. Each cation efficiently wraps the polymer around it, however, the detailed structure of the inner coordination sphere of ether oxygens around the metal ion is metal dependent. Both Li + and Na + prefer a near planar five-fold coordination sphere capped on top and bottom leading to seven-fold coordination (Li + ) and eight-fold coordination (Na + ). The much larger Cs + prefers 11-fold coordination if sufficient oxygen centers are available. The second system studied is the interesting dicrown bis[(benzo-15-crown-5)-15-ylmethyl] pimelate, or BBP. This tweezers-like molecule coordinates the metal ions primarily in folded, or sandwich, complexes where both rings are involved. Other structures that include metal coordination to one ring and a carbonyl oxygen (partially folded) and to one ring and no additional oxygens (unfolded) are observed in elevated temperature molecular dynamics simulations and are more important for small alkali ions (Li + ) and essentially not important for large ions (Cs + ). The AMBER 4.0 suite of programs is used for all calculations which in general are in excellent agreement with experiment. A quite detailed discussion of the folding dynamics of cationized BBP is presented.
Rapid acquisition of helium-3 and proton three-dimensional image sets of the human lung in a single breath-hold using compressed sensing.

Purpose To develop and validate a method for acquiring helium-3 (3He) and proton (1H) three-dimensional (3D) image sets of the human lung with isotropic spatial resolution within a 10-s breath-hold by using compressed sensing (CS) acceleration, and to assess the fidelity of undersampled images compared with fully sampled images. Methods The undersampling scheme for CS acceleration was optimized and tested using 3He ventilation data. Rapid 3D acquisition of both 3He and 1H data during one breath-hold was then implemented, based on a balanced steady-state free-precession pulse sequence, by random undersampling of k-space with reconstruction by means of minimizing the L1 norm and total variance. CS-reconstruction fidelity was evaluated quantitatively by comparing fully sampled and retrospectively undersampled image sets. Results Helium-3 and 1H 3D image sets of the lung with isotropic 3.9-mm resolution were acquired during a single breath-hold in 12 s and 8 s using acceleration factors of 2 and 3, respectively. Comparison of fully sampled and retrospectively undersampled 3He and 1H images yielded mean absolute errors 0.9. Conclusion By randomly undersampling k-space and using CS reconstruction, high-quality 3He and 1H 3D image sets with isotropic 3.9-mm resolution can be acquired within an 8-s breath-hold. Magn Reson Med 74:1110–1115, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiochemical Determination of Norm in Produced Water Utilizing Wet Chemistry Separation Followed by Radiochemical Analysis

The issue of radium contamination in produced water has become one of the most significant environmental problems presently facing the oil and gas industry. Several states have addressed this issue by placing additional requirements on National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits that limit the amount of radium that can be discharged (60 pCi/1 [2.22 Bq/1] in Louisiana and Wyoming). There are also regulations and/or proposed regulations concerned with the buildup of natural occurring radioactive material (NORM) and technologically enhanced natural radioactive (TENR) material, resulting from the discharge of production waters containing these materials (in Texas and Louisiana). These regulatory requirements and the liability issues associated with NORM make it essential that accurate analytical methods be employed to determine the activity levels present in a discharge stream.
Publication Practices for Transparent Government

Government transparency is a widely agreed upon goal, but progress on achieving it has been very limited. Transparency promises from political leaders such as President Barack Obama and House Speaker John Boehner have not produced a burst of information that informs stronger public oversight of government. One reason for this is the absence of specifically prescribed data practices that will foster transparency.Four key data practices that support government transparency are: authoritative sourcing, availability, machine-discoverability, and machine-readability. The first, authoritative sourcing, means producing data as near to its origination as possible — and promptly — so that the public uniformly comes to rely on the best sources of data. The second, availability, is another set of practices that ensure consistency and confidence in data.The third transparent data practice, machine-discoverability, occurs when information is arranged so that a computer can discover the data and follow linkages among it. Machine-discoverability is produced when data is presented consistent with a host of customs about how data is identified and referenced, the naming of documents and files, the protocols for communicating data, and the organization of data within files.The fourth transparent data practice, machine-readability, is the heart of transparency, because it allows the many meanings of data to be discovered. Machine-readable data is logically structured so that computers can automatically generate the myriad stories that the data has to tell and put it to the hundreds of uses the public would make of it in government oversight.
Spectral gain behavior of Er-doped fiber with extremely high aluminum concentration

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are very promising as high gain and low noise optical amplifiers for single-mode fiber communication systems in the 1.55 µm wavelength band. However, wavelength dependence of the gain remains a subject of investigation in some applications, such as long haul transmission with cascaded amplifiers(1) or WDM systems(2). It is well-known that codoping aluminum in the core of the erbium-doped fiber (EDF) is effective to broaden the gain spectrum of the EDFAs.
Abstract ED05-02: Discovering new drugs to inhibit prostate cancer metastasis

ED05-02 Cancer chemoprevention offers a unique drug discovery opportunity. This is because at its core, chemoprevention involves the interface between pharmacologic agents that induce perturbations in biological systems and early stage cancer biology. The molecular aberrations in early stage cancer are more limited than those in advanced stage cancer. This provides a more permissive environment for understanding the complex relationships between drug, pharmacologic target, and therapeutic result. Thus, agents with therapeutically relevant activity represent important investigative tools that can be used to reveal important underlying biology, to identify new pharmacologic targets, and to develop pathophysiologically relevant models. Initial agents can then serve as starting blocks for new chemical synthesis, and these new compounds in turn can be evaluated for bioactivity in relevant model systems. The same considerations in the field of chemoprevention that facilitate this conventional bench-to-man approach to drug discovery can also be applied to the more novel approach of beginning drug discovery endeavors in man. The impetus for undertaking such an approach stems from the facts that our preclinical models have severe restrictions in emulating the biology in man, that the transition from preclinical to clinical represents a frequent point of failure, that the time to drug approval is not improving, and that the cost of drug discovery continues to rise. With the advent of new methods that permit robust system-wide measurement of cell and molecular parameters on limiting amounts of tissue, a practical barrier to beginning drug discovery efforts in man is now being lifted. Here too, chemoprevention offers a unique opportunity. This is because chemopreventive agent candidates are relatively non-toxic, and because they are tested in well defined risk cohorts. Thus, taken together, it now becomes possible to prospectively administer relatively non-toxic agents to at risk cohorts, and to screen for cell and molecular effects in a target organ harboring a limited spectrum of molecular aberrations. By definition, the resultant findings will have direct relevance to man, as well as to relevant underlying biology. An example of how an integrated approach was pursued by a single research group will be provided, and will serve to highlight the efficiency of interfacing chemoprevention with drug discovery. In particular, a natural product that possesses anti-motility properties has fostered the elucidation of pathways which regulated prostate cancer cell motility, has led to the identification of a pharmacologically relevant target protein, and has provided the chemical scaffold which supported new agent discovery. By coupling administration of the natural product to man, with gene expression profiling of target cells in man, new regulators of prostate cell motility have been identified and then confirmed by in vitro studies. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):ED05-02.
Improving the Frequence-modulated Control of DEH Unit and the Quality of Electric Net

The problems of frequency modulation were studied,including over modulation and long transition time after line faults.The results show that improving the frequence-modulated characteristic of DEH unit is very important to guarantee the power quality.
The technology transformation of traditional high concentration coal water mixture production process and its production practice

A 150 kt/a traditional high concentration CWM process was reformatted by using the Shenhua coal CWM production process including transformation context and operation results.The continuous and stable production has shown that this technology is very effective,affer the direction for China's traditional coal-water slurry technology.
Research on Calibration Technology of Ultrasonic Partial Discharge Detector and Its Applicatioin

It is necessary to research on the calibration technology of ultrasonic partial discharge detector in order to standardize its technical requirement,unify its technical standard,promote the application of ultrasonic test technology,and improve the reliability of the power grid. The technical principle and requirement of ultrasonic partial discharge detector has been introduced, and a calibration method for such detector has been presented in this paper. Moreover,the calibration system has been established,and the field test technology has been discussed in detail. This calibration method has high stability and repeatability which will provide useful means to calibrate ultrasonic partial discharge detector.
Molecular Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection

Prevention and control of infection with Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), have been a major health care focus since at least the middle of the 20th century (1). By 2005, mortality from MRSA in the United States exceeded that due to infections from salmonella, tuberculosis, influenza, and HIV combined (2, 3). Since that time, global efforts to reduce MRSA infection rates appear to have had some impact in both Europe and the United States (4–6). However, the improvement has not been uniform, with selected academic medical centers not realizing a reduction in disease (7), and at least one large state (Illinois) reporting an increase in overall MRSA infection reflected in their most recent data, with 11.7 MRSA infections/1,000 hospital discharges in 2009, 11.6 in 2010, 10.7 in 2011, and then up to 14.2 in 2012 (8).
Multiscale Modeling of Novel Carbon Nanotube/Copper-Composite Material Used in Microelectronics

Current carrying capacity is one of the elements that hinders further miniaturization of Copper (Cu) interconnects. Therefore, there is a need to propose new materials with higher ampacity (current carrying capacity) that have the potential to replace Cu. Experimental observations have shown that Carbon Nanotube (CNT)/Cu-composite material has a hundredfold ampacity of Cu, which makes it a good candidate to replace Cu. However, sufficient information about the mechanical behavior of the novel CNT/Cu-composite is not available. In the current paper, the CNT/Cu-composite is utilized to construct Through Silicon Via (TSV). The mechanical behavior, specifically the fatigue life, of the CNT/Cu–TSV is evaluated by applying a multiscale modeling approach. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to evaluate the tensile strength and the coefficient of thermal expansion of CNTs. MD simulation is also used to determine the interface behavior between CNTs and Cu. MD simulation results are integrated into Fi...
Efficient white OLEDs employing red, green, and blue tetradentate platinum phosphorescent emitters

Abstract The development of white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) employing three tetradentate platinum-based emitters, PtN3N-ptb (red), PtON1 (blue), and PtOO8 (green), is described. Spectral and electrical results show that localization of charge buildup, energy transfers between dopants, and concentration-dependence of spectral shape are all major factors in determining the overall color quality of a device. WOLEDs are fabricated by optimizing the thickness of emissive layers, the concentration of dopants, and the stacking order of emissive layers. Ultimately, the device employing 6% PtN3N-ptb(red)/6% PtON1(blue)/6% PtOO8(green) stacking order of emissive layers demonstrates the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage coordinates (CIE) coordinates of (0.35, 0.35) and Color Rendering Index (CRI) value of 80, peak Power Efficiency (PE) of 41 lm/W, and maximum External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of 21.0%.
Video-body, Video-brain: Nacht und Träume (1983) as Televisual Event

Fade in. Another of Beckett’s ‘familiar rooms’, but this time much darker, barely lit by the faint evening light that filters in through a narrow, vertical slit of window set high in the back wall. In the immediate left foreground, barely perceptible in the Rembrandt-like chiaroscuro of thickening shadows, a man with long grey hair sits at a table, much like the obscure image of M in his sanctum in …but the clouds… Like M, the man’s right profile faces the camera, his head bowed, hands resting on the barely visible table top. Suddenly, we hear a male voice, clearly non-diegetic, softly humming the last seven bars of Schubert’s lied, ‘Nacht und Traume’, whose accompanying words may provide a thematic cue to the unfolding drama: ‘Kehre wieder, heil’ge Nacht / Holde Traume, kehret wieder’ (‘Come again, you holy night, Lovely dreams, oh come again’). As the evening light starts to fade and the window dissolves into the surrounding darkness, we finally hear the words from the closing three bars of the lied: ‘Holde Traume, kehret wieder.’ Then as if on cue, the light fades down on the man (dubbed simply ‘A’ in Beckett’s script) and he remains minimally lit as he starts to dream. We fade up on his dreamt self (‘B’), rendered as an ethereal inset in the upper right corner of the frame. He also sits at a table in the exact same posture as A, his bowed head resting on his hands.
Summary of Recent Determinations of the Ultrasonic Velocity in Fluid Parahydrogen

The ultrasonic velocity of compressed fluid hydrogen has been measured between 15° and 100°K and in the density range 0.015 to 0.085 g/cm3. Also, the ultrasonic velocity in normal and parahydrogen of the saturated liquid has been measured between 14.5° and 32.2°K.
Picosecon X-Ray Diffraction in Chemistry and Biology

X-ray diffraction has been used for many years to study the structural properties of crystalline and to some extent amorphous materials on the atomic scale. Extension of the x-ray techniques into the time domain will contribute immensely to the understanding of the mechanism which is responsible for the biological activity. Ultrashort x-ray pulses provide an excellent means for basic research studies in time resolved intra- and intermolecular structural changes and also identify the molecular groups which are involved in the reaction. Such knowledge will make possible the identification of the transient species and states and therefore make possible to understand the detailed mechanism of chemical or bilogical processes. Time resolved structural studies with picosecond resolution are expected to become very important as this field is further developed.
Walking With aBackpack Using Load Distribution and Dynamic Load Compensation Reduces Metabolic Cost and Adaptations to Loads

In this study, we showed a way of reducing the metabolic cost of walking with a backpack using load distribution and dynamic load compensation, provided by a wearable upper body device. This device distributes the backpackload between the shouldersand the pelvis, senses the vertical motion of the pelvis, and provides gait synchronized compensatory forces to reduce the dynamic loads from a backpack. It was hypothesized that by reducing dynamic loads from a backpack during load carriage, the user’s gait and postural adaptation, muscular effort and metabolic cost would be reduced. This hypothesis was supported by biomechanical and physiological measurements on a group of young healthy subjects, as they walked on a treadmill under four different conditions: unloaded; with a backpack, loaded with 25% of their body weight, supported on the shoulders; with the same load distributed between the shoulders and the pelvis; and with dynamic load compensation in addition to load distribution. The results showed reductions in gait and postural adaptations, muscle activity, vertical and braking ground reaction forces, and metabolic cost while carrying the same backpack load with the device. We conclude that the device can potentially reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and muscle fatigue associated with carrying heavy backpack loads while reducing the metabolic cost of loaded walking.
Moral Life and Education

I certainly agree with Professors Lapsley and Woodbury that moral aims are central to education. Indeed, I have argued that the main aim of education is to produce better people—better in “all aspe...
Radiation and the classical double copy for color charges

We construct perturbative classical solutions of the Yang-Mills equations coupled to dynamical point particles carrying color charge. By applying a set of color to kinematics replacement rules first introduced by Bern, Carrasco and Johansson, these are shown to generate solutions of d-dimensional dilaton gravity, which we also explicitly construct. Agreement between the gravity result and the gauge theory double copy implies a correspondence between non-Abelian particles and gravitating sources with dilaton charge. When the color sources are highly relativistic, dilaton exchange decouples, and the solutions we obtain match those of pure gravity. We comment on possible implications of our findings to the calculation of gravitational waveforms in astrophysical black hole collisions, directly from computationally simpler gluon radiation in Yang-Mills theory.
Moisture Damage in Asphalt: Analysis Based on the Dewetting Mechanism

AbstractIn this study, the role of the dewetting mechanism in moisture damage of asphalt pavements was investigated. Three main asphalts, and mainly two antistrip additives, were utilized. A unique...
FROM DOING RESEARCH TO MOVING RESEARCH: My Life in Tech Transfer

Publisher Summary In the late 1980s, academic scientists disdained industry as having second-rate research and looked down on those who left the ivory tower for the corporate world. Paula Szoka, Ph.D., Director, Invention Licensing, University of Washington Technology Transfer, started at Syntex Corporation (Palo Alto, California) on Halloween 1980, with the idea of giving it her best shot for 5 years to see if she could reach her goals in molecular biology research. In Syntex everything was done in teams, which put Paula in direct contact with people from all over Syntex. She was senior medical researcher, and her job included acting as a technical liaison to the U.S. business and legal divisions; working on research communications, product management, and development; planning business strategies; assessing due diligence and technical assessment; doing competitive surveillance; and working on technical support and interpretation for product liability lawsuits. For those aiming at pursuing a career in intellectual property (IP), a people-intensive job, the personality traits that are very helpful include the ability to manage stress and to triage what one is doing, to conduct thorough due diligence, to mediate disputes, and to find the facts hidden in strong rhetoric.
Targeted deposition of organic semiconductor stripes onto rigid, flexible, and three-dimensional substrates

Efficient solution-based growth of electronic materials is needed to enable low-cost wearable electronics, medical sensors, soft robotics, and energy harvesting technologies. In this study, a wetting-mediated two-phase dip coating method is developed to deposit high-performance organic semiconductor stripes at pre-specified locations on rigid, flexible, and three-dimensional substrates. This approach produces highly-oriented 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) crystallites, leading to hole mobilities up to 0.83 cm2 V−1 s−1 along the crystallite axis. The deposition method requires minimal amounts of starting material (4 μL per centimeter of substrate length) and can easily be scaled for deposition onto large (meter-scale) substrates. Wetting-mediated two-phase dip coating also enables the targeted deposition of organic semiconductors onto folded and complex three-dimensional substrates creating new opportunities for unconventional electronic applications.
Millennial-scale tree-ring isotope chronologies from coast redwoods provide insights on controls over California hydroclimate variability.

To understand drivers of hydroclimate variability in north-coastal California, we obtained tree cross-sections from eleven coastal redwoods (mean age of 1232 years old) from the northern half of the species range. Tree rings from eight trees were cross-dated and sampled at sub-annual resolution for carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and oxygen isotope composition (δ18O). Tree-ring Δ13C and δ18O, compared to modern climate data, demonstrate these signals primarily record summertime hydroclimate variability—primarily through variables associated with evaporative conditions and/or precipitation. Our 1100-year stable isotope chronologies showed that north-coastal California did not undergo the megadroughts observed elsewhere in California and the western United States. This result implicates extended periods of low winter precipitation, rather than growing season evaporation, as the primary driver of previous megadroughts across California and neighboring regions. Compared to cool conditions prevailing over the Northern Hemisphere during the Little Ice age (1301–1875 of the common era, CE), the frequency of isotopic events of a certain magnitude was greater during periods with warmer Northern Hemisphere temperatures such as the Medieval Climate Anomaly (900–1300 CE) and the modern period (1876 to present). This association between tree-ring isotopic variability and long-term shifts in temperatures is consistent with the expected patterns in mid-latitude hydroclimate variability expected from arctic amplification (i.e., shifts in equator-to-pole temperature differences that modify jet stream speed and amplitude) or amplified quasi-resonant wave activity (i.e., wave-patterns in high-altitude winds that become “trapped” within a certain pattern, thereby producing a longer-duration periods of drought or wetness) across mid-latitudes during the boreal summer.
Combined Transmission and Distribution Test System to Study High Penetration of Distributed Solar Generation

Transmission and distribution (T&D) standard test systems are currently defined separately, and are critical for researchers and engineers to develop and test new solutions. Growing installation of energy resources in distribution and sub-transmission systems is creating higher interactions between T&D systems. This paper proposes a standard test system to study T&D interactions for high penetration of distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. The proposed test system can be used to study and propose solutions to problems such as reverse power flows from distribution to transmission and voltage control affected by PV variability. The proposed test system combines the transmission IEEE 118 bus system, with the distribution IEEE 123-node feeder. The original test systems are significantly enhanced by adding high penetration of solar PV generation with corresponding full-year 5 minute-resolution chronological data and associated power flow cases on both transmission and distribution. Conventional generation chronology is achieved by adding dispatch and unit commitment data for AC optimal power flow solutions. And chronological load data is added in both aggregated, at substation level, and disaggregated, at feeder node level, fashions. Sample applications of the data are provided highlighting voltage control challenges, and the proposed system is made available openly online [1].
A Call for a Professional Renaissance/Educating Professionals: Responding to New Expectations for Competence and Accountability Lynn Curry, Jon F. Wergin, and Associates

(1996). A Call for a Professional Renaissance/Educating Professionals: Responding to New Expectations for Competence and Accountability Lynn Curry, Jon F. Wergin, and Associates. Journal of Public Administration Education: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 100-105.
MIDGLEY AT THE INTERSECTION OF ANIMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS

This paper explores the intersection of animal and environmental ethics through the thought of Mary Midgley. Midgley’s work offers a shift away from liberal individualist animal ethics toward a relational value system involving interdependence, care, sympathy, and other components of morality that were often overlooked or marginalized in hyperrationalist ethics, though which are now more widely recognized. This is most exemplified in her concept of “the mixed community,” which gained special attention in J. Baird Callicott’s effort to create a “unified environmental ethics.” In this, Callicott saw the potential in Midgley’s thought for bringing animal and environmental ethics “back together again.” However, this paper argues that he oversimplified and misapplied her complex concept. This is primarily due to his attempt to harmonize her approach with a rigid dichotomy between domestic and wild animals—as well as one between individuals and collectives—in his conception of the land ethic in the tradition of Aldo Leopold. Throughout, this paper also highlights Midgley’s value as an early contributor to the convergence of animal and environmental ethics.
Perception vs. reality: edTPA perceptions and performance for teacher candidates of color and White candidates

Abstract Many states are requiring candidates in teacher preparation programs (TPPs) to complete edTPA, a performance-based assessment from the Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning and Equity (SCALE) that measures a candidate's skills and knowledge concerning planning, instruction, and assessment. Studies report differences between racial/ethnic groups' edTPA scores; yet, there is a need for research that investigates which supports can best assist candidates completing edTPA. This study examines the extent to which differences exist between edTPA scores for candidates of color and White candidates at a southeastern urban College of Education, and investigates teacher candidates' perceptions of the supports they receive towards completing edTPA.
Disparities in the receipt of palliative care (PC) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

e18108Background: Early integration of PC has shown to improve quality of life and survival in some solid malignancies. In this study we sought to analyze the PC utilization in mRCC patients. Metho...