cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyberpsychology and the Brain: The Interaction of Neuroscience and Affective Computing

Cyberpsychology is a relatively new discipline that is growing at an alarming rate. While a number of cyberpsychology-related journals and books have emerged, none directly address the neuroscience behind it. This book proposes a framework for integrating neuroscience and cyberpsychology for the study of social, cognitive, and affective processes, and the neural systems that support them. A brain-based cyberpsychology can be understood as a branch of psychology that studies the neurocognitive, affective, and social aspects of humans interacting with technology, as well as the affective computing aspects of humans interacting with computational devices or systems. As such, a cyberpsychologist working from a brain-based cyberpsychological framework studies both the ways in which persons make use of devices and the neurocognitive processes, motivations, intentions, behavioural outcomes, and effects of online and offline uses of technology. Cyberpsychology and the Brain brings researchers into the vanguard of cyberpsychology and brain research.
Viability, Proliferation, and Chondrogenesis of Equine Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells After Exposure to Varying Concentrations of Allogeneic Synovial Fluid In Vitro

Abstract Intraarticular administration of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) for treatment of acute or chronic joint pathology of the equine athlete has gained clinical interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of equine allogeneic synovial fluid on viability, proliferation, and chondrogenesis of BMSCs. Bone marrow was collected from eight horses aged 8–14 years old. Synovial fluid was collected from 25 horses aged 4–20 years old. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in medium supplemented with 25, 50, or 100% (vol/vol) synovial fluid for 72 hours. Viability and proliferation were measured after 24 and 72 hours. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in micromass for 28 days after which cell viability and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was quantified to assess chondrogenesis. A significant increase in viability was observed after 24 hours in culture with greater than 25% synovial fluid supplementation, but no difference in viability was observed after 72 hours of culture. A significant increase in cell number was observed in BMSCs exposed to 100% synovial fluid after 24 and 72 hours. However, no significant difference in cellular proliferation was detected between BMSCs cultured in 100% synovial fluid and control medium after 24 and 72 hours. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells became elongated and aggregated into three-dimensional colonies during culture. Additionally, GAG production per viable BMSC in 100% synovial fluid was significantly increased compared to control medium. Supplementation or substitution of culture medium with synovial fluid was able to support BMSC viability, proliferation, and chondrogenesis in vitro.
Molecular Precursors of Mixed Oxide Materials for Sensor Applications and Molecular Imaging

Cation-doped perovskite materials based on barium titanate, such as (Ba,Sr)(Ti,Nb)O3, are of interest as transparent ceramic semiconductors with conductivity strongly dependent both on the cation and the oxygen stoichiometry. Development of precursor systems offering proper control over the cation stoichiometry and permitting to efficiently avoid residual carbon impurities is therefore an important problem. In the present communication we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a series of hetero-metallic precursors of these materials with the general formulae M2 IITi2(L)4(OR)8(ROH)2 and M2 IIM2 V(L)2(OR)12(ROH)2, where R = Et, nPr; MII = Ba, Sr; MV = Nb, Ta; L = thd or R’OAcAc (R’ = tBu, iPr). The compounds have been characterized by single crystal and power X-ray and by 1H and 13C NMR, vibration spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry. These species are very stable in solution and display even considerable gas phase stability. Solution microhydrolysis of the molecules in these series leads most often to oxo-aggregates with the cation stoichiometry rather close to 1:1, which additionally simplifies handling of solutions based on these precursors. The obtained precursors have been used for preparation of powders and films (on Si substrates), which were characterized by SEM-EDS and X-ray powder techniques.
Validating pyBSM: a Python package for modeling imaging systems

The Python Based Sensor Model (pyBSM) provides open source functions for modeling electro-optical and infrared imaging systems. In this paper, we validate pyBSM predictions against laboratory measurements. Compared quantities include modulation transfer function, photoelectron count, and signal-to-noise ratio. Experiments are explained and code is provided with the details required to recreate this study for additional camera and lens combinations.
Disadvantage Factors in Slab Geometry by the P2 Calculation

The theory of the P/sub 2/ calculation for a two-region cell in slab geometry is presented. In this treatment the boundary condition of Davison is employed. By this method an upper bound, furnished by the P/sub 2 model, and a lower bound, furnished by a P/sub 1/ model, are obtained on the disadvantage factor. lt is suggested that a single best estimate is normally the average of the two. (auth)
Enterprise Integration Approaches in Healthcare: A Decade of Trial and Error

This paper chronicles the different approaches for enterprise integration used in the field of healthcare over the past decade, and which approach succeeded and which failed. It ends with the new approach just launched through the Health Level 7 standards organization with support from the Health and Human Services in US.
ISOEMBRITTLEMENT IN CHROMIUM AND MOLYBDENUM ALLOY STEELS DURING TEMPERING

Isoembrittlement curves depicting the influence of time and temperature in the range 800° to 1260°F (425° to 680°C) on the development of embrittlement in a commercial chromium alloy steel and a commercial molybdenum alloy steel are presented. Two distinct regions of embrittlement occur in the chromium alloy steel: 1—at 800° to 1000°F (425° to 540°C) and 2—in the region just below the lower critical temperature. Embrittlement is most pronounced at 800° to 1000°F, decreasing very rapidly with increasing temperature above this region, only to increase again as the lower critical temperature is approached. The data suggest two distinct modes of embrittlement with possible superposition of the two modes at extended embrittling times in the temperature range 1100° to 1150°F (590° to 620°C). While the molybdenum alloy steel shows little susceptibility to embrittlement at 800° to 1000°F (425° to 540°C), considerable embrittlement may occur just below the lower critical temperature.
Local Broadcast Viewership in Major League Soccer

This paper estimates determinants of local market television viewership demand for Major League Soccer (MLS). We examine the effects of team quality and outcome uncertainty and compare our estimate...
Incorporation of a multi-modal interactive exercise on student pharmacists' perceptions of lifestyle modification in weight loss promotion.

Abstract Background and purpose The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a calorie tracking and dietary modification activity on students’ perceptions of the challenges associated with weight loss. Educational activity and setting Students maintained a two-day paper calorie log, then received a weight management lecture, followed by four additional days of calorie tracking using a mobile application. Demographics, self-evaluation of obesity-related knowledge, perceptions on weight loss difficulties, utility of mobile technology, and overall program value were evaluated. Findings A total of 79% of students completed all three surveys (n = 150). Students’ perceptions regarding their knowledge and comfort with respect to weight loss counseling and dietary modification strategies increased following the lecture and mobile technology-based calorie counting activity. Seventy-eight percent of students either agreed or strongly agreed that this activity was valuable to their professional development while 86% of students agreed or strongly agreed this activity helped them understand the challenges faced by patients trying to lose weight. Discussion Student attitudes regarding weight loss, including nutritional tracking, and comfort in establishing a weight loss goal, as well as student's perceived knowledge of the types of dietary fats and empathy, all significantly improved over the course of activity participation. Summary This activity improved student pharmacists’ understanding of lifestyle modifications necessary for weight loss, exposed them to novel technologies available to help support patient's weight loss attempts, and provided them with first-hand experience in tracking calories.
PERCUTANEOUS THERAPY OF SEVERE TRICUSPID REGURGITATION USING CAVAL VALVE IMPLANTION (CAVI)

Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Many patients have high or inoperable surgical risk. Caval valve implant (CAVI) is a potential percutaneous therapy and efficacious alternative to surgery. An symptomatic 83-year-old man with severe TR
International Co-operation among Conservation-Orientated Botanical Gardens and Institutions

The conservation of nature, particularly of the world’s flora, is a problem with complicated solutions at best. During the last few years and certainly in recent months, much effort has been devoted by a number of institutions to inform the world that plants are indeed in danger of their lives and therefore need some concrete forms of protection to ensure their survival.
Norms in the Wild: How to Diagnose, Measure, and Change Social Norms

In Norms in the Wild: How to Diagnose, Measure, and Change Social Norms, author Christina Bicchieri explores ways to measure the strength of social norms in order to understand how they might be ch...
Intel 22nm Low-Power FinFET (22FFL) Process Technology for 5G and Beyond

Intel's 22FFL is the comprehensive FinFET technology offering the best-in-class RF transistors achieving $f_{t}$ and $f_{max}$ above 300GHz and 450GHz, respectively. The addition of a high-power RF device (HyPowerFF) and enhanced mmWave BEOL support the opportunity to push silicon technology beyond the 5G era.
A chemical biology approach to identifying molecular pathways associated with aging

The understanding of how aging contributes to dementia remains obscure. To address this problem, a chemical biology approach was used employing CAD031, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug candidate identified using a discovery platform based upon phenotypic screens that mimic toxicities associated with the aging brain. Since CAD031 has therapeutic efficacy when fed to old symptomatic transgenic AD mice, the chemical biology hypothesis is that it can be used to determine the molecular pathways associated with age-related disease by identifying those that are modified by the compound. Here we show that when CAD031 was fed to rapidly aging SAMP8 mice starting in the last quadrant of their lifespan, it reduced many of the changes in gene, protein, and small molecule expression associated with mitochondrial aging, maintaining mitochondria at the younger molecular phenotype. Network analysis integrating the metabolomics and transcription data followed by mechanistic validation showed that CAD031 targets acetyl-CoA and fatty acid metabolism via the AMPK/ACC1 pathway. Importantly, CAD031 extended the median lifespan of SAMP8 mice by about 30%. These data show that specific alterations in mitochondrial composition and metabolism highly correlate with aging, supporting the use AD drug candidates that limit physiological aging in the brain.
Table extraction and understanding for scientific and enterprise applications

Valuable high-precision data are often published in the form of tables in both scientific and business documents. While humans can easily identify, interpret and contextualize tables, developing general-purpose automated techniques for extraction of information from tables is difficult due to the wide variety of table formats employed across corpora.To extract useful data from tables, data cells must be correctly extracted and linked to all relevant headers, units of measure and in-text references. Table extraction involves identifying the border and cell structure for each document table, while table understanding provides context by linking cells with semantic information inside and outside the table, such as row and column headers, footnotes, titles, and references in surrounding text.The objective of this tutorial is to provide a detailed synopsis of existing approaches for table extraction and understanding, highlight open research problems, and provide an overview of potential applications.
Comparison of Outcome and Complications in Dogs Weighing Less Than 12 kg Undergoing Miniature Tibial Tuberosity Transposition and Advancement versus Extracapsular Stabilization with Tibial Tuberosity Transposition for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease with Concomitant Medial Patellar Luxation.

Objective The aim of this study was to describe a technique for performing miniature tibial tuberosity transposition and advancement (mTTTA). The secondary objective of this study was to compare the short-term outcome and complications in small breed dogs weighing less than 12 kg undergoing surgical correction of cranial cruciate ligament disease with concurrent medial patellar luxation via either extracapsular stabilization with tibial tuberosity transposition (ECS + TTT) or mTTTA. Study Design This is a retrospective case comparison study. Results There was no significant difference in overall outcome between the ECS + TTT group and the mTTTA group when comparing 8-week postoperative radiographic healing scores as well as 2- and 8-week postoperative lameness scores. Conclusion This study concluded that the mTTTA procedure was feasible and the overall outcome and complications for the dogs that underwent ECS + TTT and those that underwent mTTTA were comparable.
Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Interaction Potential Between Caffeine and Methylliberine

Abstract Methylliberine and theacrine are methylurates found in the leaves of various Coffea species and Camellia assamica var. kucha, respectively. We previously demonstrated that the methylxanthine caffeine increased theacrine’s oral bioavailability in humans. Consequently, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study pharmacokinetic study in humans administered methylliberine, theacrine, and caffeine to determine methylliberine’s pharmacokinetic interaction potential with either caffeine or theacrine. Subjects (n = 12) received an oral dose of either methylliberine (25 or 100 mg), caffeine (150 mg), methylliberine (100 mg) plus caffeine (150 mg), or methylliberine (100 mg) plus theacrine (50 mg) using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Blood samples were collected over 24 hours and analyzed for methylliberine, theacrine, and caffeine using UPLC-MS/MS. Methylliberine exhibited linear pharmacokinetics that were unaffected by co-administration of either caffeine or theacrine. However, methylliberine co-administration resulted in decreased oral clearance (41.9 ± 19.5 vs. 17.1 ± 7.80 L/hr) and increased half-life (7.2 ± 5.6 versus 15 ± 5.8 hrs) of caffeine. Methylliberine had no impact on caffeine’s maximum concentration (440 ± 140 vs. 458 ± 93.5 ng/mL) or oral volume of distribution (351 ± 148 vs. 316 ± 76.4 L). We previously demonstrated theacrine bioavailability was enhanced by caffeine, however, caffeine pharmacokinetics were unaffected by theacrine. Herein, we found that methylliberine altered caffeine pharmacokinetics without a reciprocal interaction, which suggests caffeine may interact uniquely with different methylurates. Understanding the mechanism(s) of interaction between methylxanthines and methylurates is of critical importance in light of the recent advent of dietary supplements containing both purine alkaloid classes.
Utilization of a poison control center by critical access hospitals-one state's experience.

Critical access hospitals (CAH) are an important source of exposures for poison control centers (PCC), yet there is a paucity of literature on how these calls differ from larger, more urban hospita...
Room view

Room View is a piece documenting the view outside of my room in Manhattan, from April to March 2020. I recorded the sound in 30 days of quarantine (including radio, sirens, people clapping for the essential workers, etc.), and several views of the Chrysler Building in different weather conditions. The melting of photographs or videos is triggered by the sounds. Depicting the state of mind when I was absorbed by the view, quiet and slow. As time passing by, the sound became a way I rely on to know what is happening outside my room - in the real world. The portrait mode of the photographs inherits from the idea of how we receive and send out the information through mobile devices. The virtual view becomes our new reality.
Parallelly and Diagonally Placed Meander-Line Slot Resonators for Mutual Coupling Reduction in a 2x2 Patch Array Antenna

This paper presents a meander-line (ML) slot resonator inserted on the ground plane to reduce the mutual coupling between closely placed array patches in a 2 x 2 array antenna for 5 GHz WLAN and 3.5 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) applications. The distance between the patch elements is 2 mm i.e. $0.033 \lambda_{0}$ for 5 GHz and $0.023 \lambda_{0}$ for 3.5 GHz. The dimension of the ML slot unit cell has been optimized to operate as a band-stop filter at the target frequency. Two types of ML placements are demonstrated: (1) one has the ML slots parallelly placed between the patch elements and (2) the other has the ML slots diagonally placed underneath each patch. Both designs are point symmetric at the center of the 2 x 2 array. More than 55 % area reduction has been achieved compared with conventional 2 x 2 array elements found in literature. A mutual coupling reduction of at least 9 dB has been achieved for all the antenna elements with the diagonal ML slot architecture.
In Vitro Inhibition of Renal OCT2 and MATE1 Secretion by Antiemetic Drugs

The organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) mediate the renal secretion of drugs. Recent studies suggest that ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist drug used to prevent nausea and vomiting, can inhibit OCT2- and MATE1-mediated transport. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of five 5-HT3 antagonist drugs to inhibit the OCT2 and MATE1 transporters. The transport of the OCT2/MATE1 probe substrate ASP+ was assessed using two models: (1) HEK293 kidney cells overexpressing human OCT2 or MATE1, and (2) MDCK cells transfected with human OCT2 and MATE1. In HEK293 cells, the inhibition of ASP+ uptake by OCT2 listed in order of potency was palonosetron (IC50: 2.6 μM) > ondansetron > granisetron > tropisetron > dolasetron (IC50: 85.4 μM) and the inhibition of ASP+ uptake by MATE1 in order of potency was ondansetron (IC50: 0.1 μM) > palonosetron = tropisetron > granisetron > dolasetron (IC50: 27.4 μM). Ondansetron (0.5-20 μM) inhibited the basolateral-to-apical transcellular transport of ASP+ up to 64%. Higher concentrations (10 and 20 μM) of palonosetron, tropisetron, and dolasetron similarly reduced the transcellular transport of ASP+. In double-transfected OCT2-MATE1 MDCK cells, ondansetron at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μM caused significant intracellular accumulation of ASP+. Taken together, these data suggest that 5-HT3 antagonist drugs may inhibit the renal secretion of cationic drugs by interfering with OCT2 and/or MATE1 function.
The future in dental medicine: Dental stem cells are a promising source for tooth and tissue engineering

Since the discovery of dental mesenchymal stem cells DMSCs there has been an extensive amount of research into their proliferating capabilities DMSCs are extracted from exfoliated deciduous teeth wisdom teeth postnatal teeth the periodontium and alveolar bone DMSCs have been shown to heal periodontal diseases and improve bone augmentation DMSCs are accessible to all dentists These qualities make DMSCs a promising source for tooth regeneration There are numerous studies discussed in this article that offer encouraging evidence for the development of dental tissue regeneration Eight different DMSC types are classified in this review Dental Pulp Stem Cells DPSCs Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth SHEDs Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells PDLSCs Dental Follicle Stem Cells DFSCs Stem Cells from the Dental Apical Papilla SCAPs Alveolar Bone ndash Derived MSCs ABMSCs Tooth Germ Progenitor cells TGPCs and Gingival MSCs GMSCs respectively The discovery of DMSCs for regenerative medicine has attracted a profound amount of research Additional clinical experimentation is required to test their medical and dental practicalities This article is a review of the characterization isolation and the literature of previous studies on dental stem cell capabilities in regenerative medicine and their clinical applications for future dental practitioners
Hydrogen Fueled Transportation

The literature reveals periodic interest in hydrogen as an engine fuel since it was used in the first self sustaining combustion engine in 1820. Current interest is driven by the need for drastic reduction in the noxious pollutants emitted with fossil fuels, as well as the fact that fossil fuels are non renewable and must, inevitably, become unavailable. There are, of course, severe problems to be overcome prior to general acceptance of hydrogen fueled engines. These include: the economics of large scale production and distribution of hydrogen, the storage of hydrogen onboard the vehicle, and the development of the infrastructure necessary for the services for its vehicular usage. Safety is not the problem it is perceived to be by the public. Hydrogen may well play a highly significant role in surface transportation (including rail), and is destined to play a dominant one in high speed air travel.
Focusing on Nonverbal Communication in Business

(1982). Focusing on Nonverbal Communication in Business. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 78-80.
Theory and Experiments on Tracking of the Repetitive Signals

The work presented here is a simple feedback controller methodology that allows for exact tracking of the sinusoidal input signals and rejection of the sinusoidal disturbances in a closed loop control system. The control method is motivated by a mathematical inequality that expresses the tracking and disturbance rejection requirements for a closed loop system. The exact tracking of the input command at a particular frequency requires an infinite loop gain for the system at the frequency of the input command. A second order undamped transfer function is cascaded to teach input channel to increase the loop transfer function gain at the frequency of the input command. A feedback controller is then designed via the LQG/LTR method to stabilize the system while the loop gain remains large at the frequency of the input. The method is experimentally verified on a single axis servo system and extended to multivariable systems.
Syntactic Control of Inference, Part 2

In 1978, we proposed that Algol-like languages should be constrained so that aliasing between variables and, more generally, interference between commands or procedures would be syntactically detectable in a fail-safe manner. In particular, we proposed syntactic restrictions that prohibited interference between distinct identifiers, while permitting interference between qualifications of the same identifier. However, these restrictions had the unfortunate property that syntactic correctness was not preserved by beta reduction.
Identification of acoustic wave modes in piezoelectric substrates

This paper describes the development of MATLAB code to find dominant modes of acoustic waves in piezoelectric substrate versus range of velocities that substrate can support. In general, these modes of propagation are Rayleigh SAW, leaky SAW, shallow bulk acoustic wave, and bulk acoustic wave. Because each mode of propagation travels at a different velocity, this program is valuable for evaluating various wave velocities in a particular substrate rotation. The code plots the poles of the complex effective permittivity versus the wave velocity. The pole components (real and imaginary) indicate the wave type, and the magnitude of the poles show which wave is dominant in the particular substrate orientation. Each step of this process is discussed, and the results of the MATLAB program are benchmarked against those of a similar program from Chiba University, Japan
Preferential Synthesis of Thyroxine from Early Iodinated Tyrosyl Residues in Thyroglobulin

Abstract A double labeling procedure was employed to determine whether the tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin that are iodinated first are also those that are most readily converted to thyroxine. Goiter thyroglobulin containing less than 1 atom of iodine per molecule was iodinated first with 131I at relatively low levels of iodination (5 to 20 atoms of iodine per molecule) and afterward with 125I at higher levels of iodination (20 to 60 atoms of iodine per molecule). Iodinations were carried out either chemically with I3-, or enzymatically with thyroid peroxidase. Three different sets of conditions were employed for double labeling: (a) first and second iodinations both performed chemically with I3-; (b) first iodination performed chemically, second enzymatically; and (c) both first and second iodinations performed enzymatically. The double enzymatic procedure was used in most experiments. An index of "preferential synthesis" was defined for assessing whether there was preferential use of the first labeled [131I]tyrosyl residues for thyroxine synthesis. Evidence for preferential synthesis was obtained with all the above procedures, but most convincingly when both iodinations were performed enzymatically. When the double enzymatic procedure was applied to casein and fibrinogen, two proteins that were previously shown to form thyroxine upon enzymatic iodination with thyroid peroxidase, no evidence for preferential synthesis was obtained. Similarly, disruption of the native structure of thyroglobulin by exposure to 5 m guanidine resulted in failure to observe preferential synthesis. Preferential synthesis, therefore, is not a general characteristic of all proteins that are capable of forming thyroxine on iodination with thyroid peroxidase. Results of the present investigation support the view that the native structure of thyroglobulin plays an important role in facilitating thyroxine formation. It appears that thyroglobulin contains tyrosyl residues whose function is to form hormone at low levels of iodination.
Abstract 17969: Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Longevity Estimates at Autopsy - An Unrealized Resource?: a 5 Year Review of the Johns Hopkins Post-mortem CIED Registry

Introduction: Feasibility of post-mortem CIED (pacemaker (PPM) or defibrillator (ICD)) retrieval for reuse has recently been shown but a model for systematic post-mortem CIED acquisition remains elusive. Prior studies of CIED longevity in retrospective autopsy and funeral home & crematory series have indicated a low yield of usable devices (21 - 30%). However, processes for timely interrogation and reprogramming were not in place. We undertook a registry analysis to determine estimated longevities and reuse potential upon routine CIED retrieval at autopsy. Methods: From May 19, 2009 - May 18, 2014 adult & pediatric autopsy subjects at two academic institutions underwent concomitant CIED pulse generator explantation. The CIED was interrogated by an electrophysiologist, device longevity was cataloged and the device submitted to the applicable manufacturer for formal technical analysis. Results: Seventy (4.3%) of 1642 autopsies had CIEDs. All were retrieved and interrogated within a mean 18.4 ± 14.1 days. There were 30 PPMs and 40 ICDs (4 manufacturers). CIEDs had been implanted for a mean of 2.7 ± 2.4 years and 22/70 (31.4%) had been implanted Conclusion: In contrast to prior studies, our registry analysis demonstrated that the majority of CIEDs retain considerable device longevity and functionality when promptly evaluated post-mortem. Such a systematic approach represents a practical model for post-mortem CIED retrieval, evaluation and potential reuse.
Ion‐Selective Electrodes With Ionophore‐Doped Sensing Membranes

Recent work in the field of ionophore-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) has greatly improved our understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics that describe the response and selectivity of these sensors. These efforts resulted in the lowering of detection limits from micro- to subpicomolar concentrations, improvements of selectivities by many orders of magnitude, and major advancements in biocompatibility and long-term stabilities. This chapter summarizes the current state of the art for an audience that is new to the field, introducing the basic concepts of ISE theory that replaced in recent years the empirical approach of the early ISE history. It illustrates, with specific examples, the design principles of host-guest chemistry that have been used to develop ionophores for ISEs, and describes with a minimum of equations the recently developed sophisticated concepts for the efficient use of these ionophores in ISEs. Importantly, this chapter shows not only how ionophores are used in modern potentiometry to develop new ISEs but also illustrates how ionophore-based potentiometry can support host-guest chemistry by providing tools to determine thermodynamic properties of ionophores, such as stoichiometries and stabilities of their complexes, using only a minimum amount of ionophore. Keywords: ionophore; ion-selective electrode; potentiometry; complex stability; detection limit; sensor; chemical sensor; carrier; receptor; ISE
A comparison of real-time optical correlators for pattern recognition

Two types of optical correlators have been built to investigate real-time pattern recognition. The first employs one-dimensional devices to perform the two dimensional correlation in real time. This architecture uses an array of light emitting diodes (LED's) to input an electronically stored reference image into the processor in parallel. The input scene data is introduced into the processor one line at a time using an acousto-optic device (AOD). Multichannel time integrating correlations are performed in the row direction using the AOD and in the column direction using a charge coupled device (CCD) operating in the time delay and integrate mode. A processor has been built using this technology which correlates a 64 x 44 pixel binary reference image with a 256 x 232 input scene at video rates. The second correlator is a space integrating Fourier transform based correlator. A magneto optic-device (MOD) is used at the Fourier transform plane to rapidly change filter functions. The binary nature of the MOD device necessitates using either a binary phase or binary amplitude representation of the desired complex filter function. For this reason, several types of Binary Phase-Only Filter (BPOF) representations have been analyzed and experimentally investigated. Experimental correlation results have been obtained using both the Hartley BPOF and a newly developed class of complex binary filters, called Quad-Phase-Only Filters (QPOF). The performance of the two systems will be compared on the basis of processing speed, space bandwidth product, processor size and light efficiency. The inherent differences between incoherent and coherent processing and their implications for filter design will also be discussed. Finally, estimates of future performance will be presented.
Basal cAMP/Pka/Ca2+ Signaling is Linked to Action Potential (AP) Rhythmicity of Sinoatrial Nodal Cells (SANC) as well as to their Firing Rate

Compared to freshly isolated SANC (f-SANC), the spontaneous AP firing rate at 34±0.5oC of cultured adult rabbit SANC (c-SANC) is reduced by 50% (from 2.79Hz to 1.35Hz), due to Gi protein suppression of basal cAMP/PKA/Ca2+-dependent signaling. Here we demonstrate that altered PKA-dependent modulation of basal intracellular Ca2+ cycling also reduces AP rhythmicity of c-SANC.The AP rhythmicity index (RI, fig.1A), i.e. the offset of the 3rd peak from the autocorrelation function of AP records, or from power spectrum analysis is reduced in c- vs. f-SANC, and is associated with prolongation of spontaneous Local Ca2+ Releases (LCR) period during diastolic depolarization and an increase in its coefficient of variation (0.199 ± 0.014 (n=41) for c-SANC vs. 0.122 ± 0.009 (n=32) for f-SANC, p<0.001). Acute β-adrenergic receptor stimulation by isoproterenol (ISO), phosphodiesterase inhibition by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), or prolonged Gi suppression by pertussis toxin (PTX), which rescues impaired cAMP/PKA signaling in c-SANC, not only rescues the reduced AP firing rate, but also restores normal variability of LCR period and restores the rhythmicity of AP firing to the f-SANC level (fig.1B).View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Performance of polyethylenimine‐coated particles in packed capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography

Strongly basic polyethylenimines (PEI) were coated on both untreated and diol-bonded silica particles. The resultant basic surface was found suitable for the separation of strongly basic alkylamines such as α-phenylethylamines with a pKb of ca. 4, under supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) conditions with neat carbon dioxide. Interactions between the coated PEI and the silanol groups on the silica surface provided a stable coating. The acidic silica surface was neutralized by the basic amine functionalities in the PEI. Preliminary surface deactivations before coating with the basic PEI and subsequent end capping with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) were found necessary to obtain inert packing materials. However, it was found that the basic particle surface was not suitable for the separation of proton-donor compounds, including some weakly acidic phenols (pKa ca. 10). The effects of temperature on retention factors and peak shapes were studied. The stability of the PEI-coated particles was investigated by measuring the loss of organic carbon content of the particles after washing with supercritical CO2. It was found that the strong basicity and the extremely high molecular weight of the coated PEI produced stable coatings under SFC conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep8: 519–528, 1996
Reaction rates of proton and deuteron induced reactions on lithium

Reaction rates are calculated for recently available low-energy data on7Li(p,α)4He,6Li(p,3He)4He and6Li(d,α)4He and compared to literature values. While the new rates are considered to be more accurate, their absolute magnitude agrees within about 10% with the most recent compilation.
Tight bounds on expected time to add correctly and add mostly correctly

We consider the problem of adding two n-bit numbers that are chosen independently and uniformly at random, where the adder is a circuit of AND, OR, and NOT gates of fan-in two. We first present a circuit that adds at least 1 - e fraction of pairs of numbers correctly and has running time log log(n/e) + O(√log log(n/e)). We then prove that this running time is optimal. Next we present a circuit that always produces the correct answer. We show that this circuit adds two n-bit numbers from the uniform distribution in expected 12 log n + O(√log n) time, a speed up factor of two over the best possible running time of a worst-case adder. We prove that this expected running time is optimal.
The transient behavior of the M / E k /2 queue and steady-state simulation

Abstract The probabilistic structure for the transient M / E k /2 queue is derived in discrete time, where E k denotes a k -Erlang distribution. This queue has a two-dimensional state-space. Expressions for the expected delay in queue are formulated in terms of transition probabilities. Results are numerically evaluated for a few cases. The convergence behavior is similar to that seen in previous work on queues with one-dimensional state spaces. The implications for initialization of steady-state simulations are discussed.
A Profitability Criterion for Measurement and Decision-Making

Consideration of the legal structure of corporations, and of long-term price and dividend trends of industrial stocks, leads to the conclusion that a corporation achieves its maximum profitability when the discounted value of the over-all flow of cash associated with its various activities is a maximum. The appropriate discount rate is somewhere near 6 per cent. Since each project, individually, must have its maximum possible discounted value, the profitability criterion serves as a criterion for decision-making.
Recognizing and Managing Multiple Organizational Approaches.

Les theories organisationnelles incluent aujourd'hui un certains nombre de modeles analytiques qui decrivent le fonctionnement des organisations. Quatre modeles organisationnels semblent appropries pour les bibliotheques universitaires : le modele rationnel, le modele politique, le modele boite a ordure, le modele bureaucratique, et le modele participatif. Apres une defintion de ces cinq modeles, des strategies pour utiliser ces modeles dans leur environnement sont proposees
A homologous ester claisen rearrangement via the cope rearrangement of O-trimethylsilylcyanohydrins

Abstract The Cope rearrangement of 1,5-dienyl trimethylsilyl-cyanohydrins to α-trimethylsilyoxy-α,β-unsaturated nitriles and their cleavage to methyl δ-hexenoates is discussed.
Characterization of the Branched-Photocycle Intermediates P and Q of Bacteriorhodopsin

The bacteriorhodopsin branched-photocycle intermediates P and Q are studied with respect to chromophore isomeric content, photochemical origin, kinetic heterogeneity, and photoreversibility. These blue-shifted species are compared to products with similar spectroscopic properties generated via thermal denaturation. We observe that the thermal and photochemical species differ in both isomeric content and binding site environment. Sequential two-photon activation of glycerol suspensions of bacteriorhodopsin containing low concentrations of water (<15% v/v water/glycerol) form high yields of P state but almost no Q state. This observation is attributed to the role that water plays in the hydrolysis reaction that converts the P state to Q. Relatively large photostationary state populations of both intermediates can be generated in both 85% v/v glycerol suspensions and polyacrylamide gels. At ambient temperature, both intermediates can be fully converted back to bR with blue light. Chromophore extraction and HPLC analysis reveal that P, Q, and the spectrally similar thermal products have a 9-cis retinal chromophore. The thermal products are also found to contain small amounts of the 7-cis isomer. Time-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the P state is actually comprised of two components with maximum absorptivities at 445 and 525 nm. The molar absorptivities of the chromophore band maxima of the P and Q states in an 85% v/v glycerol/water suspension at pH 7 are (P445) ) 47 000, (P525) ) 39 000, and (Q) ) 33 000 M -1 cm -1 . Kinetic analyses support previous studies indicating that the P state is formed predominantly from the O state, which is consistent with the branched-photocycle model. However, other paths to the P state are possible, including direct excitation of the small population of blue membrane present in solution. We examine the hypothesis that the branched-photocycle evolved as a photochromic sunscreen for UVA and UVB protection.
Digital and optical superresolution of low-resolution image sequences

Digital superresolution (DSR) is the process of improving image resolution by overcoming the sampling limit of an imaging sensor, while optical superresolution (OSR) is the recovery of object spatial frequencies with magnitude higher than the diraction limit of the imaging optics. The present paper presents an integrated, Fisher-information-based analysis of the two superresolution (SR) processes applied to a sequence of sub-pixel shifted images of an object whose support is precisely known. As we shall see, prior information about the object support makes it possible to achieve OSR whose delity in fact improves with increasing size of the image sequence. The interplay of the two kinds of SR is further explored by varying the ratio of the detector sampling rate to the Nyquist rate.
A5‐Invariants, the Cohomology of L3(4) and Related Extensions

Five of the sporadic simple groups have maximal subgroups involving M 21 = L 3 (4). They are M 22 , M 23 , M c L, HS and O'N. In this paper we study the cohomology rings of these maximal subgroups and several further groups closely associated with L 3 (4)
Automated ultra-high-pressure multidimensional protein identification technology (UHP-MudPIT) for improved peptide identification of proteomic samples.

Multidimensional separation is one of the most successful approaches for proteomics studies that deal with complex samples. We have developed an automated ultra-high-pressure multidimensional liquid chromatography system that operates up to ∼20 kpsi to improve separations and increase protein coverage from limited amount of samples. The reversed-phase gradient is operated in the constant-flow mode opposed to the constant-pressure mode, which is typical of previous ultra-high-pressure systems. In contrast to constant-pressure systems, the gradient shape is fully controllable and can be optimized for the type of samples to be run. The system also features fast sample loading/desalting using a vented column approach to improve sample throughput. This approach was validated on a soluble fraction from yeast lysate where we achieved ∼30% more protein identifications using a 60-cm-long triphasic capillary column than with our traditional approach. Advantages of the use of a relatively long reversed-phase column ...
Shared remote control of a video conferencing application: motivation, design, and implementation

Most conferencing systems are focused on facilitating one of two types of meetings: those in a single room, consisting entirely of collocated participants, or those with isolated individuals at different physical locations. Our experiences are of a third style: hybrid meetings consisting of both collocated groups and isolated participants. We illustrate the limitations of using an existing desktop-based tools in the shared meeting room portion of this hybrid meeting style, and propose adding a software control substrate matched to the specifics of the application to address the inadequacies. We derive requirements for the in-room applications, and, as a concrete example from the domain, describe the design and implementation of an application for manipulation of in-room shared video display. Our design employs a user interface split across multiple physical devices paired with a control protocol managing communication between them. The client portion runs on wirelessly-connected portable devices (laptops and 3Com Palm Pilots) and supports per-user input; the server portion handles presentation of shared output on a video monitor. Our design is optimized for meeting room use in three ways: simplified operation to reduce demands on attention, support for remote control, and support for access by multiple simultaneous users.
Preparation of community health nursing leaders for social action

Abstract Indiana University School of Nursing graduate Department of Community Health Nursing has been preparing community health nurses for primary health care practice, as defined by the World Health Organization since 1978. The faculty are committed to preparing community health nursing leaders for social action aimed at improving the health of the community in both the Department's major in the master's programme and its new major in the doctoral programme. The core curricula for these majors in both programmes are presented. The master's curricula is based on integrating public health principles with those of community development. The doctoral major builds on this base of primary health care practice with a curriculum focused on the contribution of community health nursing to public and health policy. The graduates of the master's programme are prepared to work with community groups as a social force in promoting the health of the community. The graduates of the new doctoral major entitled "Health Policy and the Health of the Community" are being prepared as community health nursing leaders with expertise in health care policy and the legislative process with a focus on issues related to nursing and community health. These graduates will be able to function within the broader community, including national and international settings. Based on experiences in graduate education in community health nursing recommendations are made for the response graduate nursing education must make in order to prepare appropriate leaders who can work toward the goal of improving the community's health.
Environmental enrichment effects on the neurobehavioral profile of selective outbred trait anxiety rats.

Environmental enrichment attenuates the response to psychostimulants and has been shown to reduce both anxiety and stress-related behaviors. Since stress is a major vulnerability factor for addiction, we investigated whether enrichment could reverse stress profiles in high anxious rats as well as reduce their amphetamine sensitivity. Using selectively-bred high and low anxiety males (filial 3) from enriched, social or isolated environments, we tested elevated plus maze exploration, novelty place preference and amphetamine (AMPH; 0.5 mg/kg, IP)-induced hyperactivity. We measured plasma corticosterone (CORT) response after forced novel object exposure, phosphorylation of the tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (pTrkB) in the hippocampus and striatum, and dopamine (D2) receptor mRNA levels in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Results indicate that high anxiety animals reared in social or enriched environments spent more time on open arms of the EPM while low anxiety animals raised in enriched environments spent more time on open arms when compared to either isolated or social groups. There were no group differences or interactions found for novelty place preference. Enriched environments decreased the response to AMPH and stress-induced CORT regardless of trait but selectively decreased pTrkB and increased D2 mRNA levels in high anxiety animals. The results suggest that selectively-bred trait anxiety rats show state anxiety that is influenced by rearing environments, and D2 protein levels and BDNF/TrkB signaling may differentially contribute to integrating these effects.
Rheological Properties of Extracellular Matrix Derived Gels

Bioscaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been used for the repair of a variety of tissues often leading to tissue-specific constructive remodeling [1]. ECM scaffolds are typically prepared by decellularization of tissues and are composed of the structural proteins (e.g. collagen) and functional proteins (e.g. growth factors) that characterize the native ECM. However, for certain applications, the use of ECM scaffolds can be limited by the native two-dimensional sheet form in which they are harvested.Copyright © 2007 by ASME