cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma with a negative premelanosome marker immunoprofile: a case report and review of the literature

The rare variant of renal epithelioid/pleomorphic angiomyolipoma has been reported in approximately 120 cases. One of the most important characteristics to differentiate these tumors from other renal cell neoplasms is their typical reactivity to premelanosome antigens. If such a tumor does not stain for HMB-45 or Melan-A, a specific diagnosis of epithelioid pleomorphic angiomyolipoma cannot be made with certainty. We present here what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of epithelioid/pleomorphic angiomyolipoma of the kidney in a 50-year-old Caucasian man with no history of tuberous sclerosis, and with a tumor marker profile negative for several premelanosome antigens. The tumor was composed of sheets of pleomorphic, round to polygonal epithelioid cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm, large nuclei, many multinucleated, and very prominent nucleoli. There were prominent vessels and rare interspersed smooth muscle fibers, but adipocytes were not identified. A tumor marker profile showed tumor cell reactivity for CD68, calponin and focally for CD10. Intervening smooth muscle was reactive with smooth muscle actin. The tumor lacked reactivity for melanin-associated antigens HMB-45 and Melan-A, and for CD31, pan-cytokeratin (AE1/3) and desmin. Electron microscopic examination of tumor cells confirmed the presence of premelanosome-like granules. Based on the characteristic microscopic appearance of this tumor, and its overall tumor marker profile, we concluded this was a renal epithelioid/pleomorphic angiomyolipoma with a negative premelanosome antigen phenotype.
A genotyping system capable of simultaneously analyzing >1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a haploid genome

A high-throughput genotyping system for scoring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been developed. With this system, >1000 SNPs can be analyzed in a single assay, with a sensitivity that allows the use of single haploid cells as starting material. In the multiplex polymorphic sequence amplification step, instead of attaching universal sequences to the amplicons, primers that are unlikely to have nonspecific and productive interactions are used. Genotypes of SNPs are then determined by using the widely accessible microarray technology and the simple single-base extension assay. Three SNP panels, each consisting of >1000 SNPs, were incorporated into this system. The system was used to analyze 24 human genomic DNA samples. With 5 ng of human genomic DNA, the average detection rate was 98.22% when single probes were used, and 96.71% could be detected by dual probes in different directions. When single sperm cells were used, 91.88% of the SNPs were detectable, which is comparable to the level that was reached when very few genetic markers were used. By using a dual-probe assay, the average genotyping accuracy was 99.96% for 5 ng of human genomic DNA and 99.95% for single sperm. This system may be used to significantly facilitate large-scale genetic analysis even if the amount of DNA template is very limited or even highly degraded as that obtained from paraffin-embedded cancer specimens, and to make many unpractical research projects highly realistic and affordable.
Immediate effect of xylitol chewing gum and mouth rinse on salivary levels of mutans streptococci in adults with systemic sclerosis: a pilot study

Objective: To compare the immediate effect of xylitol chewing gum and xylitol mouth rinse on mutans streptococci (MS) levels in the saliva of adults with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods: Thirteen female adults with SSc were assigned randomly to either the xylitol chewing gum or xylitol mouth rinse groups. Participants in the chewing gum group were given 2 pellets (2.12g) of commercial xylitol chewing gum to chew for 10 min; whereas participants in the mouth rinse group were given 10 ml (10% [w/v]) of xylitol solution to rinse orally for 2 min. MS samples were collected using Dentocult® SM Strip mutans before and after xylitol exposure. Results: No significant difference in the change scores of MS levels between the two groups was observed at post xylitol exposure. Conclusion: Mouth rinse may provide an alternative mode of xylitol delivery for this population.
Parylene-based electrochemical-MEMS force sensor array for assessing neural probe insertion mechanics

We present the first use of a Parylene-based electrochemical-MEMS (EC-MEMS) sensor array for instrumentation of ceramic-based neural electrode probes. The sensor array consists of a liquid-filled Parylene-based microchannel and an array of enclosed electrodes that monitor local variations in impedance during mechanical deformation of the channel. The array provides real time measurement of out-of-plane interfacial forces produced directly on the electrode shank surface (<5 mm2) during insertion of the probe. We demonstrate the ability to examine the relative force distribution of interfacial forces produced on the shank surface during insertion, thereby providing a clearer understanding of probe insertion mechanics. Our approach enables, for the first time, robust mechanical instrumentation of electrode shanks providing a means for assessing the poorly understood interfacial mechanics between neural probes and tissue.
Early Decrease of XRCC1, a DNA Base Excision Repair Protein, May Contribute to DNA Fragmentation After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

Background and Purpose —DNA damage and the DNA repair mechanism are known to be involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. The x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) protein plays a central role in the DNA base excision repair pathway by interacting with DNA ligase III and DNA polymerase β. The present study examined the protein expression of XRCC1 and DNA fragmentation before and after transient focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). Methods —Adult male CD-1 mice were subjected to 60 minutes of FCI by intraluminal blockade of the middle cerebral artery. XRCC1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. DNA damage was evaluated by gel electrophoresis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated uridine 5′-triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL). The spatial relationship between XRCC1 expression and DNA damage was examined by double staining with XRCC1 and TUNEL after FCI. Results —Immunohistochemistry showed the nuclear expression of XRCC1 in all regions of the control brains and that it was predominant in the hippocampus. The XRCC1 level was markedly reduced in the caudate putamen at 10 minutes, further decreased in the entire middle cerebral artery territory at 1 hour, and remained reduced until 4 and 24 hours after FCI. Western blot analysis of the normal control brain showed a characteristic band of 70 kDa, which decreased after FCI. A significant amount of DNA fragmentation was detected by DNA gel electrophoresis 24 hours but not 4 hours after FCI. Double staining showed that the neurons that lost XRCC1 immunoreactivity became TUNEL positive. Conclusions —These results suggest that the early decrease of XRCC1 and the failure of the DNA repair mechanism may contribute, at least in part, to DNA fragmentation after FCI.
VARIATIONS IN NITROGENASE ACTIVITY AMONG PURE‐CULTURED FRANKIA STRAINS TESTED ON ACTINORHIZAL PLANTS AS AN INDICATION OF SYMBIOTIC COMPATIBILITY

SUMMARY Frankia strains ArI5, AvcIl, AvsI2, CpI1 and MpI1, previously isolated from nodules of actinorhizal plants, were tested in association with various actinorhizal plants to determine differences in nitrogen-fixing effectiveness. Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, Alnus rubra, Alnus viridis ssp. crispa, Comptonia peregrina and Myrica gale plants, grown in nitrogen-free water culture, were inoculated with the cultured Frankia strains. Significant differences in rates of acetylene reduction were found among strains which suggested that endophytes were not fully compatible with some or all of the host plants tested. A pattern of compatibilities among hosts and endophytes was developed to explain differences in rates of acetylene reduction.
A caveat for T cell transfer studies: generation of cytotoxic anti-Thy1.2 antibodies in Thy1.1 congenic mice given Thy1.2+ tumors or T cells.

Thy1.1 congenic B6.PL mice were used to simultaneously monitor Thy1.2+ E.G7-OVA tumors transplanted in the a.c. of the eye and i.v.-transferred tumor-specific Thy1.2+ CTLs to determine mechanisms that inhibit the tumoricidal activity of CTL responses in mice with established ocular tumors. Transferred CTLs were systemically deleted in mice with established ocular tumors. However, this deletion was not a unique mechanism of immune evasion by ocular tumors. Rather, development of Thy1.2+ tumors in the eye or skin of B6.PL mice generated cytotoxic anti-Thy1.2 antibodies that eliminated a subsequent Thy1.2+ T cell transfer. Anti-Thy1.2 immune responses in B6.PL mice were influenced by the route of antigen administration, as the serum concentration of cytotoxic anti-Thy1.2 antibodies was 92-fold greater in mice with eye tumors in comparison with mice with skin tumors. In addition, anti-Thy1.2 immune responses were detected in B6.PL mice given naive Thy1.2+ T cells i.p. but not i.v. Anti-Thy1.2 responses were augmented in B6.PL mice with ocular Thy1.2+ EL-4 tumors that did not express OVA, suggesting immunodominance of OVA antigen over Thy1.2. Thy1.1+ T cells given i.p. was not immunogenic in Thy1.2 congenic mice. These data reaffirm that the introduction of antigens in the a.c. induces robust antibody responses. Experimentation using allotypic differences in Thy1 between donor cells and recipient mice must consider cytotoxic anti-Thy1 antibody generation in the interpretation of results.
The inertial draining of a thin fluid layer between parallel plates with a constant normal force. Part 1. Analytic solutions; inviscid and small-but finite-Reynolds-number limits

The draining of thin fluid layers between rigid or deformable surfaces has been extensively studied in the limit of thin films where inertial effects are of negligible importance. In the present investigation, which is in two parts, we shall examine the inertial draining of a thin fluid layer between planar parallel surfaces under the action of a constant normal force. This is a simple model for dropping a sheet of paper or a book on a table or applying a piston to a microchip. The novelty of the problem is that we shall consider both the inertia of the object and that of the fluid for all Reynolds numbers where the flow remains laminar. In Part 1 of the study we shall derive a simplified Navier–Stokes equation for the general case which contains the dynamic equation for the motion of the object. Solutions will be presented for the time-dependent motion of the object and the intervening fluid in the gap for all ratios of object to fluid inertia in the limit of infinite Reynolds number and for small Reynolds numbers (Re < 10) in the limit where the time rate of change of momentum of the object is small compared with that of the fluid in the gap. In Part 2, we shall examine the limit where time-dependent boundary layers develop along the top and bottom surfaces in response to the time-varying core flow and also present a new exact Navier–Stokes solution for a time-dependent double-axisymmetric stagnation-point flow.
Power efficient technology decomposition and mapping under an extended power consumption model

We propose a new power consumption model that accounts for the power consumption at the internal nodes of a CMOS gate. Next, we address the problem of minimizing the average power consumption during the technology dependent phase of logic synthesis. Our approach consists of two steps. In the first step, we generate a NAND decomposition of an optimized Boolean network such that the sum of average switching rates for all nodes in the network is minimum. In the second step, we perform a power efficient technology mapping that finds a minimal power mapping for given timing constraints (subject to the unknown load problem). >
Planz to put our digital information in its place

Planz provides a single, integrative document-like overlay to a folder hierarchy through the dynamic, on-demand assembly of XML fragments. This overlay provides a context in which to create or reference not only files but also email messages, web pages and informal notes. This paper describes an evaluation of Planz over a period of several days during which participants compared their experiences on two projects - one involving "status quo" methods, a second project involving Planz. Also discussed is an architecture that extends on the front-end to provide additional overlays and on the back-end in support of additional information stores. Work on Planz is guided by a vision of "structural integrity": Many tools, many modes of interaction applied to a common structure for the organization of and access to personal information.
Multiple imputation based on restricted mean model for censored data

Most multiple imputation (MI) methods for censored survival data either ignore patient characteristics when imputing a likely event time, or place quite restrictive modeling assumptions on the survival distributions used for imputation. In this research, we propose a robust MI approach that directly imputes restricted lifetimes over the study period based on a model of the mean restricted life as a linear function of covariates. This method has the advantages of retaining patient characteristics when making imputation choices through the restricted mean parameters and does not make assumptions on the shapes of hazards or survival functions. Simulation results show that our method outperforms its closest competitor for modeling restricted mean lifetimes in terms of bias and efficiency in both independent censoring and dependent censoring scenarios. Survival estimates of restricted lifetime model parameters and marginal survival estimates regain much of the precision lost due to censoring. The proposed method is also much less subject to dependent censoring bias captured by covariates in the restricted mean model. This particular feature is observed in a full statistical analysis conducted in the context of the International Breast Cancer Study Group Ludwig Trial V using the proposed methodology.
Directional Signals in Windsat Observations of Hurricane Ocean Winds

In this paper, wind-direction signals in passive microwave polarimetry for ocean surfaces under hurricane force winds are presented. We performed analysis of Windsat data for several Atlantic hurricanes from 2003 to 2005. The polarimetric third Stokes parameter observations from the Windsat 10-, 18-, and 37-GHz channels were collocated with the ocean-surface winds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hwind analysis. The collocated data were binned as a function of wind speed and wind direction. The 10-GHz data show clear 4-K peak-to-peak directional signals at 50-60-m/s wind speed after correction for atmospheric attenuation. The signals in the 18- and 37-GHz channels were unclear at above 40-m/s wind speeds, probably caused by the impact of clouds and rain. The data were expanded by sinusoidal series of the relative azimuth angles between the Hwind analysis and observation directions. The coefficients of the sinusoidal series suggest decreasing response to wind direction for increasing wind speed, but the 10-GHz data appear to be fairly constant for up to 50-m/s wind speeds.
Dielectric resonator with triple modes for triple functions

A triple mode operation for filtering and dual band radiation purposes is presented using a single dielectric resonator. A promising filter insertion loss value of −1.2 dB is obtained at 2.43 GHz simultaneously with both broadside and omni-directional radiation patterns of 6.8% and 7.12% bandwidths around 2.49 and 3.37 GHz, respectively. A tuning method for the filtering mode operating frequency is introduced to make it coincide with the broadside antenna frequency. Finally, measurement characteristics of the three functions are performed and compared with computed ones.
Stimulation of 14C-glucosamine and l4C-alanine Incorporation Into Thyrotropin by Synthetic Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

The influence of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (pyro-L-glutamyl-L-histidyl- L-proline amide, Abbott Laboratories) upon thyrotropin (TSH) biosynthesis was investigated. Rat hemipituitaries were incubated in vitro with 14C-l-glucosamine and 14C-alanine. TSH formation rates were assessed by measurement of precursor incorporation into TSH, isolated by immunoprecipitation with specific anti-TSH sera. TRH significantly enhanced 14C-glucosamine and 14C-alanine entry into TSH as well as stimulating an increase in the total amount of TSH released during a 24-hr incubation period. TRH exerted much less stimulation upon synthesis after only 6 hrs, suggesting that the augmentation of TSH synthesis attending TRH stimulation is delayed relative to secretion. When TSH secretion mediated by TRH was inhibited by adding L-thyroxine to or omitting calcium from the incubation medium, TRH stimulated a small rise in intrapituitary 14C-TSH. The possibility that TRH may exert a stimulatory influence upon TSH synthesis ...
Charge Transport in Interpenetrating Networks of Semiconducting and Metallic Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotube network field effect transistors (CNTN-FETs) are promising candidates for low cost macroelectronics. We investigate the microscopic transport in these devices using electric force microscopy and simulations. We find that in many CNTN-FETs the voltage drops abruptly at a point in the channel where the current is constricted to just one tube. We also model the effect of varying the semiconducting/metallic tube ratio. The effect of Schottky barriers on both conductance within semiconducting tubes and conductance between semiconducting and metallic tubes results in three possible types of CNTN-FETs with fundamentally different gating mechanisms. We describe this with an electronic phase diagram.
In Public Land Ranching Is the Preservation of Western Landscapes

In public land ranching is the preservation of western landscape. DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v27i6_durrant
Parallel global aircraft configuration design space exploration

The preliminary design space exploration for large, interdisciplinary engineering problems is often a difficult and time-consuming task. General techniques are needed that efficiently and methodically search the design space. This work focuses on the use of parallel load balancing techniques integrated with a global optimizer to reduce the computational time of the design space exploration. The method is applied to the multidisciplinary design of a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT). A modified Lipschitzian optimization algorithm generates large sets of design points that are evaluated concurrently using a variety of load balancing schemes. The load balancing schemes implemented in this study are: static load balancing, dynamic load balancing with a master-slave organization, fully distributed dynamic load balancing, and fully distributed dynamic load balancing via threads. All of the parallel computing schemes have high parallel efficiencies. When the variation in the design evaluation times is small, the computational overhead needed for fully distributed dynamic load balancing is substantial enough so that it is more efficient to use a master-slave paradigm. However, when the variation in evaluation times is increased, fully distributed load balancing is the most efficient.
Prices and Price Limits

This paper studies the effects of price limits implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) after the May 2010 ‘Flash Crash.’ The security-level price limits halt trading after a security’s price experiences a sudden and large movement. The difference-in-difference design exploits the staggered introduction of the limits to address omitted variable concerns. The data show that price limits reduce the frequency and severity of extreme price movements, but induce price underreaction. The results are consistent with Subrahmanyam’s (1997) theory that price limits cause informed traders to be less aggressive.
Coherent cooling of molecular vibrational motion with laser-induced dipole forces

Applying an intense laser pulse whose duration is shorter than one vibrational period at the appropriate time, we show that a vibrational wave packet can be accelerated, decelerated, or dissociated.
Social Organization in Parasitic Flatworms—Four Additional Echinostomoid Trematodes Have a Soldier Caste and One Does Not

Abstract Complex societies where individuals exhibit division of labor with physical polymorphism, behavioral specialization, and caste formation have evolved several times throughout the animal kingdom. Recently, such complex sociality has been recognized in digenean trematodes; evidence is limited to 6 marine species. Hence, the extent to which a soldier caste is present throughout the Trematoda is sparsely documented, and there are no studies detailing the structure of a species lacking such a social structure. Here we examine colony structure for an additional 5 echinostomoid species, 4 of which infect the marine snail Cerithidea californica and 1 (Echinostoma liei) that infects the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata. For all species, we present redia morphology (pharynx and body size) and the distribution of individuals of different castes throughout the snail body. When morphological evidence indicated the presence of a soldier caste, we assessed behavior by measuring attack rates of the differe...
The Power of Protein.

But in the transition from a high-protein to high-carb diet, many athletes have eliminated meat— and have also overlooked the importance of protein. Some have taken the public health recommendations to eat less saturated fat to the extreme and are surviving on fat-free bagels and pasta. This type of diet may seem ideal, but in addition to being low in protein, it lacks important nutrients such as iron (needed to carry oxygen to working muscles) and zinc (needed for healing).
The Vernacular of Risk--Rethinking Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals.

Missing from the debate over proposed new rules for direct-to-consumer drug advertising is a broader perspective on the vernacular of risk, as something fundamental to the origins of the category of prescription drugs and their regulation over the past half-century.
A Response Cost Model for Advanced Metering Infrastructures

The smart grid is driving the deployment of networked components within the traditional power grid to achieve greater reliability and control. However, those cyber components are creating new security vulnerabilities that could lead to significant disruptions if exploited maliciously. We propose a comprehensive cost model designed to assist in the selection of responses to malicious attacks on an advanced metering infrastructure. The cost model reflects the costs of response actions due to outages in the distribution grid, disruptions of the electricity market, and violations of contractual agreements among stakeholders. We also present a realistic implementation of the cost model using ArcGIS for topology generation and GridLAB-D for grid simulation. The cost model is a step forward toward achievement of automated resilience in the smart grid. It also provides comprehensive modeling for system dynamics and operation costs, while relieving utilities from the burden of manually assigning costs for response actions and modeling attacker steps.
Numerical investigation of shock interaction with one-dimensional transverse array of particles in air

In this paper, we present numerical simulations of shock propagation in air over a one-dimensional transverse array of particles. Simulations are carried out by varying the particle spacing and shock Mach number. We compute the unsteady inviscid drag coefficient as a function of time and make relevant comparisons to that for a single particle. We find that deviations in the drag coefficient in time from that of a single particle can be correlated to the acoustic-particle interaction time. Finally, we investigate and classify the interaction of the bow shocks in front of the transverse array of particles.
Mini-languages revisited: programming language concepts

The study of programming languages is beneficial to all levels of programmers. The nature of the work done by graduating students requires that they be familiar with at least one programming language. Yet, this language may not be the one they actually use on the job. By studying programming language concepts, students can gain an increased capacity to express ideas, an improved background for choosing appropriate languages, an increased ability to learn new languages, a better understanding of the significance of implementation, and an increased ability to design new languages [6]. Programming languages are tools and a tool needs to be fully understood before it can be used properly [4].
War, trauma and the militarized body

This article investigates how the contemporary war dispositif in cinematic representations captures and integrates bodies, gestures, space and desire. It focuses on two analytic aspects of this process, suture and interpassivity, and shows how soldiers, in cinematic space, confront trauma that results from an incompatibility between the accelerated speed of military dispositif and the slower rhythms of everyday life. It analyzes the clash between life speeds through three cinematic texts – The Hurt Locker, American Sniper and Good Kill – and clarifies how such disruptions motivate attempts to manage and renegotiate realities fractured by traumatic war experiences. More generally, it analyzes the ways in which war disfigures the phenomenology of bodies and the life world.
A Fleeting Glimpse Inside microRNA, Epigenetics, and Micropeptidomics

MicroRNAs (miRs) are important regulators of gene expression in numerous biological processes. Their maturation process is herein described, including the most updated insights from the current literature. Circa 2000 miR sequences have been identified in the human genome, with over 50,000 miR-target interactions, including enzymes involved in epigenetic modulation of gene expression. Moreover, some “pieces of RNA” previously annotated as noncoding have been recently found to encode micropeptides that carry out critical mechanistic functions in the cell. Advanced techniques now available will certainly allow a precise scanning of the genome looking for micropeptides hidden within the “noncoding” RNA.
Experimental Vaccine Shock and the Resistance to Tuberculosis

Recently Baldwin and L'Esperance1 described observations concerning the effect of intravenous vaccine injections (protein shock) on tuberculous guinea-pigs, and particularly the unusual alteration in the tissue reaction to the tuberculous process from that commonly observed in these animals. One of us,2 dealing with the relation of the serum ferments and antiferment to tuberculosis, has suggested the possibility that the observations of Baldwin and L'Esperance might be due to the increase in the antiferment titer of the treated animals, which would tend to protect the tubercle from digestion by the strongly active proteolytic serum ferments, and thereby prevent the rapid dissemination of the infecting bacilli from the foci. English observers early noted and suggested the clinical use of the increase in the antiferment titer following ordinary vaccine injections, and Bruce3 described the increase in the weight curves of patients who were under vaccine treatment for a considerable period of time, a fact that Mircoli4 has demonstrated experimentally in normal animals following tuberculin injections. Inasmuch as any intoxication ordinarily results in an almost immediate increase in the excretion of nitrogen, it is evident that the increased weight the various authors have noted following vaccine injections must involve the bringing into play of some compensatory mechanism, through the action of which the organism is able to retain a greater amount of nitrogen than before the vaccine shock. There is considerable evidence that the increase in the antiferment is one of the factors involved in this mechanism,5 particularly in the smaller animals in which the serum is rich in proteolytic ferments.
El hombre hicotea y la ecología de los paisajes acuáticos en Resistencia en el San Jorge

This article examines representations of waterscapes (rivers, tributaries, swamps) in Resistencia en el San Jorge, the third volume of Historia doble de la c...
Prognostic factors associated with recurrence in clinical stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.

Two hundred sixty-four consecutive patients with clinical stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma who underwent primary surgical therapy between July 1979 and August 1988 were followed prospectively and evaluated for disease recurrence for 8-112 months (mean 51.5). Thirty-three patients (12.5%) developed recurrence or died of disease. In univariate statistical analysis, prognostic factors significantly associated with disease recurrence were as follows: age (mean 68.6 years with versus 60.3 years without recurrence; P = .0001); histology (adenocarcinoma 8.8%, adenosquamous 35.7%, papillary 25%, clear-cell 57.1%; P less than .0001); tumor grade (grade 1, 7.7%, grade 2, 10.5%, grade 3, 36.1%; P less than .0001); depth of myometrial invasion (none 9.8%, less than one-half 7.4%, one-half or greater 29.6%; P = .0001); lymph node status (negative 8.3%, positive 47.6%; P less than .0001); non-nodal extrauterine disease spread (absent 11.0%, present 50%; P = .0003); peritoneal cytology (negative 9.4%, positive 26.3%; P = .004), and tumor size (2 cm or less 7%, greater than 2 cm 17.3%; P = .05). Cervical extension and uterine size had no significant effect on recurrence. Using multivariate analysis, grade 3 tumor (P = .002), advancing age (P = .004), lymph node metastasis (P = .006), and presence of extrauterine disease spread other than lymph node metastasis (P = .038) were the only variables significantly associated with disease recurrence or death. This study supports the new International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics surgical staging system for endometrial cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural and functional properties of reconstituted high density lipoprotein discs prepared with six apolipoprotein A-I variants.

Six apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) variants containing the following amino acid changes: Pro3—-Arg, Pro4—-Arg, Lys107—-0 (Lys deletion) Lys107—-Met, Pro165—-Arg, and Glu198—-Lys, and the corresponding normal allele products, were isolated by preparative isoelectric focusing from heterozygous individuals. The apoA-I samples were reconstituted with palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and small amounts of cholesterol, into discoidal high density lipoprotein (HDL) complexes in order to examine their lipid binding and structural properties as well as their ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Starting with initial molar ratios around 100:5:1 for phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-apolipoprotein, all the normal and variant apoA-Is were completely incorporated into reconstituted HDL (rHDL). The rHDL particle sizes and their distributions were examined by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, before and after incubation with LDL, to assess the folding of apoA-I in the complexes. Intrinsic Trp fluorescence properties of the rHDL were measured, as a function of temperature and guanidine hydrochloride concentration, to detect conformational differences in the apoA-I variants. In addition, the LCAT reaction kinetics were measured with all the rHDL, and the apparent kinetic constants were compared. In terms of the structure of the rHDL particles, all the normal variant apoA-Is had similar sizes (94, 96 A) and size distributions, and indistinguishable fluorescence properties, with the exception of the Lys107—-0 mutant. This variant formed slightly larger particles that were resistant to rearrangements in the presence of LDL, and had an altered apoA-I conformation in the vicinity of the Trp residues. The kinetic experiments with LCAT indicated that the apoA-I variants, Lys107—-0 and Pro165—-Arg, in rHDL particles had statistically different (30 to 90%) kinetic constants from the corresponding normal allele products; however, the variability in the kinetic constants among the normal apoA-I products was even greater (40 to 430%). Therefore, we conclude that the effects of these six mutations in apoA-I on the activation of LCAT are minor, and that the structural effects on rHDL, and possibly native HDL, are insignificant with the exception of the Lys107—-0 mutation.
Exploratory experimentation and the role of histochemical techniques in the work of Jean Brachet, 1938-1952.

Les travaux de recherche de Jean Brachet sur la localisation des acides nucleiques dans la cellule sont decrits a partir de methodes physiques experimentales empruntees a la cytologie, la biochimie, la genetique et la physiologie
Lymphangitic spread from the appendiceal adenocarcinoma to the ileocecal valve, mimicking Crohn's disease.

Due to the anatomical peculiarity of the appendix, diagnosis of tumors arising from this area can be challenging by clinicoradiologic means. We report a case of a rare primary appendiceal signet ring carcinoma with an uncommon presentation. An 86-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with subacute epigastric pain. Computed tomography demonstrated bowel wall thickening with fat stranding in the ileocecal region. The leading diagnostic consideration was inflammatory bowel disease. Upon colonoscopy, a swollen, distorted ileocecal valve was identified. The remaining colon was otherwise unremarkable. Extensive biopsy sampling of the ileocecal region and colon was performed. A lymphangitic signet ring carcinoma within the ileocecal region was diagnosed on biopsy; there was no dysplasia or carcinoma of the remaining biopsies. By cytomorphology and immunoprofile, a lymphangitic signet ring carcinoma of appendiceal origin was the primary consideration, further confirmed upon subsequent laparotomy. This case represents an unusual pattern of appendiceal tumor spread with localized, lymphangitic involvement, creating a milieu which closely simulates Crohn’s disease on imaging modalities.
Significance of porosity and pore accessibility for the selection of ion exchange adsorbents for chromatographic purification of macromolecules

Selection of adsorbent for the development of purification process for biomolecules is crucial due to the requirement of large number of binding sites and adsorption area. Considering this, porous structure with high charge density is selected as an adsorbent for macromolecule purification. Such selection may provide high static binding capacity but causes loss of separation performance due to improper porosity of adsorbent in comparison to solute sizes involved. To address this problem for the screening of adsorbent, this work reports adsorbent selection procedure on the basis of adsorbent pore diameter (dp), solute hydrodynamic dimensions (RH), and flow velocity in support of binding capacity. Towards that end, this study evaluated the pore accessibility performance of varying characteristics adsorbents using tracers like acetone, lysozyme, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by designing nonbinding conditions. All screened adsorbents showed certain loss of total surface area depending on the solute dimensio...
A Twist2-dependent progenitor cell contributes to adult skeletal muscle

Liu et al. identify an interstitial progenitor cell, characterized by Twist2 expression, that is highly myogenic, forms type IIb/x myofibres and contributes to regeneration in adult skeletal muscle.
Verification and validation of a high-order strand grid method for two-dimensional turbulent flows

Abstract In this paper, we construct a novel hybrid of two one-dimensional schemes in order to leverage several advantages for solving two-dimensional turbulent flows. Building upon previous work by the authors and others, we combine one-dimensional flux correction along body surfaces along with high-order summation-by-parts finite differences normal to surfaces. A new semi-implicit multigrid solution method is presented that capitalizes on the unique directional properties of each scheme, utilizing an explicit multigrid scheme along the surface direction, and an implicit Gauss-Seidel scheme along the strand direction. Turbulence closure is achieved with a robust version of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model that accommodates negative values of the turbulence working variable. The hybrid scheme exhibits fourth-order convergence using the method of manufactured solutions. Fundamental validation studies of the turbulent flux correction method are conducted in two dimensions, using the NASA-Langley turbulence resource as a means for comparison. Results are presented that demonstrate improvements in accuracy with minimal computational and algorithmic overhead over traditional second-order algorithms.
Track and Attack: Emerging Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin malignancy with an increasing incidence and high mortality rate. In the majority of MCC tumors, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins appear to drive tumor progression and their ongoing expression is likely required. Thus, MCPyV is a promising tumor-associated target for disease tracking and immunotherapy. Indeed, virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses are detectable in MCC patients, are linked to the natural history of the disease, and can be used for prognosis and early detection of disease recurrence. Learning how to therapeutically exploit the immune system to generate long-lasting and effective antitumor responses will be an ongoing challenge, but as our knowledge of the synergistic effects of therapies increases, the translational use of these strategies will be become more feasible for MCC patients.
Cerebral Energy Metabolism

This book discusses a variety of metabolic encephalopathies that may be reflected by changes in cerebral energy metabolism. Whether the primary alteration in energy metabolism results from a direct action on the metabolic pathways of energy production or is mediated indirectly by, for example, abnormal neurotransmitter action, is unknown in most cases. Nevertheless, an appreciation of modern concepts of cerebral energy metabolism is fundamental to a thorough understanding of these disorders. Certainly it is clear that cerebral function and energy metabolism are closely linked; knowledge of the rate of energy utilization can yield valuable insight into cerebral function both at the level of the whole brain and individual structures. Many new concepts regarding energy metabolism as well as new methods of study have emerged in the last decade. The purpose of this chapter is to review some of these with emphasis on those aspects that may facilitate better understanding of the etiology of altered states of consciousness or function.
Gendered Safety and Health Risks in the Construction Trades.

Objectives Despite women's increased representation in the overall workforce, construction remains a male-dominated industry. Prior studies have noted that the hazardous workplace environment combined with a culture that can be discriminatory and openly hostile can threaten women workers' health and safety. However, little information exists about the current physical and psychosocial hazards at work affecting tradeswomen. Methods We examined differences in workplace exposure between women and men, and the association of these exposures with self-reported stress and work injury, in order to highlight how gendered conditions of work negatively affect tradeswomen's health. A holistic view of health that included the influence of both home and work spheres as well as hazards related to women's social experience was considered. Almost 300 workers (198 tradeswomen and 93 tradesmen) throughout Washington State completed surveys. We used descriptive statistics to compare exposures between genders, and logistic regression to model the association between psychosocial exposures and injury and stress outcomes. Results We found that women were significantly more likely than men to report high perceived stress (31 and 18%, respectively) and being injured at work in the past year (31 and 12%, respectively). Ten of the 12 work-related psychosocial exposures were found to be associated with either stress (job strain, gender and age discrimination, bullying, work/life balance, isolation, sexual harassment, safety climate, and social support) or injury (gender discrimination, bullying, overcompensation, and sexual harassment) for women. Conclusions The industry continues to lag in supporting tradeswomen's health and safety needs. This study suggests that multiple exposures (including discrimination, overcompensation, and work/life balance) have an important impact on worker well-being. The findings underscore the complex interaction of gender, psychosocial exposures, and occupational risks, and indicate areas for intervention.
A military alliance goes green

War and preparation for war have long led militaries to exploit, transform, and degrade environments. How ironic, then, that at the height of the Cold War, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)—the most powerful military alliance ever assembled—emerged as a leading proponent of environmentalism. Simone Turchetti’s Greening the Alliance is the first book to explain the surprising rise, repeated revision, and possible decline of NATO9s environmental research program.
GEOMORPHIC ASPECTS OF STREAM-CHANNEL RESTORATION

Stream restoration is fundamentally a geomorphic activity, inasmuch as quasi-equilibrium stream channels and functional floodplains promote the greatest aquatic and terrestrial habitat diversity and represent the natural conditions under which riparian ecosystems develop. The vast body of hydraulic geometry research as well as existing physical models of threshold conditions provide guidance for stream-channel restorations. These methods provide approximate channel cross-section dimensions as well as estimates of plan-form characteristics. Although it is difficult to defend the rigid application of any specific method, two examples of restoration problems illustrate the general utility of these geomorphic assessments. In many cases nongeomorphic constraints on the restoration goals and scope preclude the reestablishment of true historic channel and floodplain geometry. These design compromises are further complicated by the placement of in-stream structures to the degree that restorations often include a ...
Profile-based Detection of Layered Bottlenecks

Detection of software bottlenecks which hinder utilizing hardware resources is a classic but complex problem due to the layered structures of the software bottlenecks. However, model-based approaches require a performance model given, which is impractical to maintain under today's agile development environment, and profile-based approaches do not handle the layered structures of the software bottlenecks.This paper proposes a novel approach of taking the best of both worlds which extracts a performance model from execution profiles of the target application to detect the layered bottlenecks. We collect a wake-up profile of threads, which samples an event that one thread wakes up another thread, and build a thread dependency graph to detect the layered bottlenecks.We implement our approach of profile-based detection of layered bottlenecks in the Go programming language. We demonstrate that our method can detect software bottlenecks limiting scalability and throughput of state-of-the-art middleware such as a web application server and a permissioned blockchain network, with small amount of the runtime overhead for profile collection.
Calcipotriol ointment shows comparable efficacy to topical steroids in chronic hand eczema.

Topical potent corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for chronic hand eczema (CHE). However, there are numerous adverse effects associated with the chronic use of topical corticosteroids. Calcipotriol has been widely used in psoriasis and has been reported to achieve beneficial effects in several inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol ointment compared to desoximetasone ointment in the treatment of CHE. Patch testing was performed in all recruited subjects. Then, each hand of the patient was randomly allocated for the application of either calcipotriol ointment or desoximetasone ointment twice daily for 8 weeks. Recurrence was assessed 4 weeks after discontinuation of the treatment. The Hand eczema severity index (HECSI) scores, quartile grading assessments and digital photographs were evaluated. Adverse reactions were also monitored. A total of 13 participants completed the protocol. Mean HECSI scores revealed up to a 75% reduction in both treatments (p .05). Approximately 70% of the subjects reported more than 75% improvement with calcipotriol at the end of the treatment. Mild scaling and mild dryness were the most common reactions found with calcipotriol and desoximetasone, respectively. In conclusion, calcipotriol ointment is safe and as effective as desoximetasone ointment. Calcipotriol ointment may be an alternative treatment option for CHE.
Evidence for a fractionally quantized Hall state with anisotropic longitudinal transport

At high magnetic fields, where the Fermi level lies in the N=0 lowest Landau level (LL), a clean two-dimensional electron system (2DES) shows numerous incompressible liquid phases which exhibit the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE; ref. 1). These liquid phases do not break rotational symmetry, exhibiting resistivities which are isotropic in the plane. In contrast, at lower fields, when the Fermi level lies in the N ≥ 2 third and several higher LLs, the 2DES exhibits a distinctly different class of collective states. In particular, near half-filling of these high LLs the 2DES exhibits a strongly anisotropic longitudinal resistance at low temperatures. These 'stripe' phases, which do not exhibit the quantized Hall effect, resemble nematic liquid crystals, possessing broken rotational symmetry and orientational order. Here we report a surprising new observation: an electronic configuration in the N=1 LL, the resistivity tensor of which simultaneously exhibits a robust fractionally quantized Hall plateau and a strongly anisotropic longitudinal resistance resembling that of the stripe phases.
The Synthesis of 3-Acyl-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-thiazoles

Acylation of 2,5-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-thiazoles leads to 3-acyl-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-thiazoles as potential starting materials for the total synthesis of racemic cephalosporins.
A formulation of p -adic versions of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjectures in the supersingular case

Given an elliptic curve E and a prime p of (good) supersingular reduction, we formulate p-adic analogues of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture using a pair of Iwasawa functions L ♯ (E,T) and L ♭ (E,T). They are equivalent to the conjectures of Perrin-Riou and Bernardi. We also generalize work of Kurihara and Pollack to give a criterion for positive rank in terms of the value of the quotient between these functions, and derive a result towards a non-vanishing conjecture. We also generalize a conjecture of Kurihara and Pollack concerning the greatest common divisor of the two functions to the general supersingular case.
Individual and Contextual Influences on Public Support for Military Spending in NATO

What factors at the individual and country levels influence public support for increased levels of military spending and related foreign policy preferences in NATO countries? Specifically, what ind...