cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TERMINAL LONG COUNT DATES AND THE DISINTEGRATION OF CLASSIC PERIOD MAYA POLITIES

Analyses of terminal long count dates from stone monuments in the Maya lowlands have played a central role in characterizing the rise and “collapse” of polities during the Late and Terminal Classic periods (a.d. 730–910). Previous studies propose a directional abandonment of large political centers from west-to-east. We retest the west-to-east hypothesis, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial statistics to analyze an updated dataset of 89 terminal dates from the Maya Hieroglyphic Database (MHD). Our results do not support a directional collapse, but instead suggest a contraction of Terminal Classic polities around seven core areas in the Maya lowlands. Three regions demonstrate distinct subregional abandonments of monument carving over a period of 24 to 127 years, consistent with independent archaeological data for each region. Advances in GIS, spatial statistics, and related methods applied to an increasingly detailed and comprehensive epigraphic and archaeological database provide a foundation for examining long-term sociopolitical dynamics in the Maya lowlands.
Multiple Unit Dispatches in Emergency Services: Models to Estimate System Performance

One emergency service system model that has undergone extensive development and testing is the hypercube queuing model and its approximate analog, which were developed by Larson. The model estimates key system performance measures, such as individual unit workloads and travel times. One limitation of this model, as well as other probabilistic deployment models, is that they assume only a single unit is dispatched to each call. In the police environment, if two officers are assigned to each unit, this assumption is generally valid. However, most fire services dispatch multiple vehicles to a serious fire, and in police departments with one-officer units, a second unit will be sent to all potentially dangerous calls. The need for a new model goes beyond an interest in more accurately estimating standard performance measures when multiple units are dispatched. New models are required to predict new performance measures that are relevant only when multiple units are dispatched. For example, what are the paired travel times of the first-and second-arriving units at an emergency? How long will the first unit be exposed at a potentially dangerous situation until a backup unit arrives? Which unit most frequently arrives first at calls requiring multiple units? In this paper we build on Larson's work and present two models, one exact, the other, approximate, which can capture the simultaneous response of two identical units dispatched to a single call. We present an example from the police context to illustrate both models and compare the speed and accuracy of the approximate model to the exact one. The workload and travel time estimates of both models differ on the average by only two percent. We conclude our presentation with a brief discussion of model extensions with a focus on the analysis of a merger of police, fire and emergency medical services into a public safety service.
Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction

L'A. propose une etude de la theorie linguistique de Donnellan au travers de nombreux exemples de propositions singulieres. L'extention a des cas de lien anaphorique permet a l'A. de critiquer la distinction operee par Donnellan entre proposition referentielle et proposition attributive
Evaluation of storage conditions for refrigerated rabbit skin.

Abstract An evaluation of various refrigerated (4 °C) storage solutions and conditions was conducted using rabbit skin. Two in vitro methods to assay skin viability are presented: one which directly measures basal cell viability and one which assesses the skin's ability to grow in culture following storage. The superiority of storage in nutrient medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum over conventional storage in saline is clearly demonstrated. Storage in nutrient medium with 10% fetal calf serum resulted in basal cell viabilities which were over 30% higher than viabilities of skin stored by conventional methods in saline. Skin stored in saline failed to grow in culture, while 100% of the cultures of skin stored in medium plus fetal calf serum grew. Although addition of fetal calf serum to the saline improved the basal cell viability, growth in culture occurred only when the skin was stored in a capped tube. Skin stored in medium without serum gave viability results which were not significantly different from the unstored control, but growth rates in culture did differ significantly from the control values. Our study shows that the viability of rabbit skin and its ability to grow in vitro are depressed when the tissue is maintained at 4 °C in saline or in petri dishes, and optimal when refrigerated in nutrient medium supplemented with FBS in a sealed tube.
Plasma volume changes during submaximal swimming.

The hemodynamic and diuretic responses of six swimmers were evaluated during 35 min of resting immersion, free swimming, and land bicycle ergometry at approximately 70% exercise specific maximal oxygen uptake. Venous blood, sampled at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 35 min of each trial, was analyzed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total plasma protein concentration. Urine Output was also measured. Resting immersion resulted in a significant (p 0.05) during resting immersion. It was concluded that the hemodynamic and renal responses to immersion are suppressed during swimming. It was also apparent that, despite possible differences in hemodynamics, plasma shift during exercise may be similar on land and in the water. It appears that the amount of plasma lost from the intravascular space during exercise may be independent of the muscle mass involved, but related to a combination of the ratio of active to total mass for each individual and body position.
Angiogenesis Inhibitor TNP-470 Suppresses Tumorigenesis In Rat Urinary Bladder

ABSTRACTPurpose: The efficacy of the anti-angiogenic factor TNP-470, an analogue of fumagillin, in controlling the development of bladder tumors was investigated.Materials and Methods: The anti-angiogenic activity of TNP-470 was evaluated in vitro by its capacity to suppress the growth and migration of bovine capillary endothelial cells. To investigate its effect in vivo on the development of tumors, we instilled 0.5 micro g. of TNP-470 dissolved in rat urine into heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladders in which carcinogenesis had been initiated by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.Results: In vitro, TNP-470 selectivity inhibited the growth and migration of endothelial cells. Instillation of TNP-470 shortly after treatment with carcinogen reduced the tumor incidence significantly (p <0.05) as compared with that in control animals receiving urine only.Conclusions: TNP-470 suppresses the development of bladder tumors when the treatment is started at an early stage of neoplasia. It may be useful in preventing...
Fractal dust grains around R Coronae Borealis stars

Discrete dipole approximation calculations of the optical properties of random fractal aggregates of graphite spheroids show a UV absorption feature that is too wide and centered at too long a wavelength to fit the observed interstellar 2200-A feature, but which is a good match to the 2400-A feature seen in the hydrogen-deficient R CrB stars reported by Hecht et al. (1984). Graphite fractal grains also match the UV bump and large long-wavelenvth extinction seen in laboratory studies of carbon smoke published by Bussoletti et al. (1987), which are usually attributed to amorphous carbon.
Selection based on CD133 and high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity isolates long-term reconstituting human hematopoietic stem cells

The development of novel cell-based therapies requires understanding of distinct human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. We recently isolated reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by lineage depletion and purification based on high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhiLin- cells). Here, we further dissected the ALDHhi-Lin- population by selection for CD133, a surface molecule expressed on progenitors from hematopoietic, endothelial, and neural lineages. ALDHhiCD133+Lin- cells were primarily CD34+, but also included CD34-CD38-CD133+ cells, a phenotype previously associated with repopulating function. Both ALDHhiCD133-Lin- and ALDHhiCD133+Lin- cells demonstrated distinct clonogenic progenitor function in vitro, whereas only the ALDHhiCD133+Lin- population seeded the murine bone marrow 48 hours after transplantation. Significant human cell repopulation was observed only in NOD/SCID and NOD/SCID β2M-null mice that received transplants of ALDHhiCD133+Lin- cells. Limiting dilution analysis demonstrated a 10-fold increase in the frequency of NOD/SCID repopulating cells compared with CD133+Lin- cells, suggesting that high ALDH activity further purified cells with repopulating function. Transplanted ALDHhiCD133+Lin- cells also maintained primitive hematopoietic phenotypes (CD34+CD38-) and demonstrated enhanced repopulating function in recipients of serial, secondary transplants. Cell selection based on ALDH activity and CD133 expression provides a novel purification of HSCs with long-term repopulating function and may be considered an alternative to CD34 cell selection for stem cell therapies.
The electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram in various degrees of left bundle branch block

Abstract Electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms were recorded simultaneously from a patient with varying degrees of left bundle branch block. It was found that a slight degree of left bundle branch block is unrecognizable as an abnormality either in the electrocardiogram or in the vectorcardiogram (tetrahedron, cube, Frank). A slightly greater degree of left bundle branch block is not recognizable as an abnormality in the electrocardiogram but produces a definitely abnormal horizontal vectorcardiogram when the cube system is used. The latter, however, is not distinguishable from vectorcardiograms seen in some anteroseptal infarcts. Varying slight degrees of left bundle branch block may produce a series of electrocardiograms that can be mistakenly interpreted as showing acute anteroseptal injury followed by ischemia.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Micro-Domains Using Gas-Driven Liquid Film

A liquid film has been introduced upstream of a heater in a microchannel with gas flow, and the impact on the heat transfer performance has been investigated. The shear force exerted by the gas flow on the gas-liquid interface drives the film and drags it downstream, onto the heated area. Distilled water was injected through a 350 μm circular hole in a main stream of Nitrogen in a 220 μm deep and 1.5 mm wide rectangular microchannel to enhance the heat transfer from a 1 mm × 1 mm heater. Average heat transfer coefficient was studied for different gas and liquid flow rates and compared with single-phase flow. Significant improvement in heat transfer performance was observed while the pressure drop in the channel was not increased dramatically.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion of transplanted human hearts prevents ultrastructural evidence of reperfusion injury

The present study examines whether leukocyte depletion can prevent postreperfusion ultrastructural injury in transplanted human hearts. Thirty-two patients undergoing orthotopic cardiac transplantation were randomized to receive either enriched, warm, whole blood (Group I; n = 16) or enriched, warm, leukocyte-depleted blood (Group II; n = 16) reperfusion. Donor hearts were arrested with 1 liter of 4 degrees C crystalloid cardioplegia and topically cooled. RV endomyocardial biopsies taken at end-ischemia and following reperfusion were assessed in a blinded fashion and graded according to injury (1 = minimal to 4 = severe). The mean ischemic time (Group I = 142 min, Group II = 153 min) was similar in the two groups. End-ischemic biopsies showed mild-moderate interstitial edema and mild capillary endothelial swelling in both groups with similar injury scores (Group 1 = 1.3 +/- 0.09 (means +/- SEM), Group 2 = 1.25 +/- 0.08). Postreperfusion biopsies in Group I showed nuclear chromatin clumping, moderate mitochondrial swelling, marked capillary endothelial swelling, and marked interstitial edema with a grade of 2.6 +/- 0.14 (P less than 0.001, paired t test). In contrast, postreperfusion biopsies in Group II showed minimal changes with a grade of 1.33 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.0001 in comparison to Group I Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion of human transplanted hearts prevents ultrastructural injury. This may allow safe extension of the ischemic period and result in improved graft function.
Theoretical analysis of channel drop tunneling processes

We investigate general channel drop tunneling processes using both analytic theory and first-principles simulations. These tunneling processes occur when two one-dimensional continuums are brought into close proximity with a resonator system that supports localized states. Propagating states can be transferred between the continuums through the resonator system. We show that the transport properties are intricately related to the symmetries of the resonant states. Complete transfer can be achieved by manipulating the symmetries of the system, and by forcing an accidental degeneracy between states with different symmetries. In addition, the line shape of the transfer spectrum can be engineered by varying the number of localized states in the resonator system. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by first-principles simulations of transport properties in a two-dimensional photonic crystal.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a secretagogue in bovine chromaffin cells pretreated with pertussis toxin

Abstract Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) evokes little or no secretion of catecholamines from cultured bovine chromaffin cells. However, pretreatment of chromaffin cells with pertussis toxin (PTX, 100 ng/ml for ≥ 4h) revealed that VIP is a secretagogue. In PTX-treated cells catecholamine secretion evoked by VIP occurs with minimal elevation of cyclic AMP and is only slightly enhanced by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, causes delayed secretion of catecholamines from chromaffin cells treated with PTX, but only with pronounced elevation of cyclic AMP levels. Stimulation of catecholamine secretion by histamine, known to activate phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C in chromaffin cells, is also enhanced by preincubation of the cells with PTX. These results suggest that in the bovine chromaffin cell a PTX-sensitive G-protein mediates tonic inhibition of secretion, possibly by preventing activation of phospholipase C.
Use of the effective heat of formation model to determine phase formation sequences of In-Se, Ga-Se, Cu-Se, and Ga-In multilayer thin films

Multilayer thin films of indium-selenium, gallium-selenium, copper-selenium, and gallium-indium have been analyzed for the purpose of understanding thin film phase transformations that are relevant to the production of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photovoltaic solar cells. For example, the intermetallic phases that are present during selenization of precursor films will affect film microstructure and the resulting film properties. Throughout this research, the effective heat of formation model1 has been used to predict phase formation sequences. The accuracy of these predictions was explored experimentally. By using differential thermal analysis, the reactions of product film formation were examined. X-ray diffraction was used to determine reactant and product phases.
Fracture toughness of the F-82H steel-effect of loading modes, hydrogen, and temperature

The effects of loading mode, hydrogen, and temperature on fracture toughness and tearing modulus were examined for a ferritic/martensitic steel (F-82H). The introduction of a shear load component, mode III, significantly decreased the initiation and propagation resistance of cracks compared to the opening load, mode I, behavior. Mode I crack initiation and propagation exhibited the highest resistance. A minimum resistance occurred when the mode I and mode III loads were nearly equal. The presence of 4 wppm hydrogen decreased the cracking resistance compared to behavior without H regardless of the loading mode. The minimum mixed-mode fracture toughness with the presence of hydrogen was about 30% of the hydrogen-free mode I fracture toughness. The mixed-mode toughness exhibited a lesser sensitivity to temperature than the mode I toughness. The JIC value was 284 kJ/m2 at room temperature, but only 60 kJ/m2 at −55°C and 30 kJ/m2 at −90°C. The ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) was apparently higher than −55°C.
A Primer on Tort Liability of Primary Prevention Programs

Abstract The authors, who are lawyers and law professors, review how a common law court would use principles of civil tort law to decide whether a program of primary prevention would be potentially liable for damages to a person who claims to have been injured by the program. The authors review the basic principles – duty of care, breach of the standard of care, factual and legal causation, and damages – in the context of primary prevention and conclude that any such program has the potential for liability.
Group Work at the University: A Psychoeducational Sexual Assault Group for Women

ABSTRACT This article describes an innovative psychoeducational support group for female survivors of sexual assault. The intervention model takes place in a University setting and is free, confidential and easily accessible. The psychoeducational format allows survivors at various levels of healing to gain information about common sexual assault effects, rape myths, and coping strategies, and to explore their feelings and thoughts in a safe environment. This article also includes a review of theoretical and empirical literature on group work with female sexual assault survivors. Methods for screening members and recruitment techniques are also discussed.
Action Spectrum of Antiviral Factor from Chicken Sera

Abstract Rous sarcoma virus infections of regressor line chickens stimulate the transient production of antiviral factors in the serum. Earlier the present authors reported that a viral neutralization factor (VNF) inactivated Rous sarcoma virus during a 3-h incubation. The VNF is likely to have a broad antiviral and antimicrobial spectrum because it is active against several unrelated pathogenic poultry viruses. The present study measured the activity of VNF against Newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus. The VNF is active in immunologically incompetent systems and must be preincubated with the virus in order to inhibit it. Based upon the current experiments, it is proposed that VNF is not an immunomodulator but directly inactivates the virus. The VNF agent appears to be one of a newly identified class of nonspecific antiviral agents produced in vivo in chickens in response to a viral infection.
Amplitude Analysis of Pancreatic B-Scans: A Clinical Evaluation of Cystic Fibrosis

Ultrasonic B-scan images of the pancreatic parenchyma in normal and cystic fibrosis patients were numerically analyzed. Images of both the maximum and minimum echoes from the tissue were generated by a recently-developed digital ultrasound system. Complete segregation of the two groups was achieved by averaging the echo amplitude over a selected region in the image. The dependence of the numerical values on the B-scan imaging mode, transducer properties, dynamic range compression curve, and operator scanning technique is discussed in depth.
Tradition and the Collective Talent: Oral Epic, Textual Meaning, and Receptionalist Theory

with a nagging and seemingly insoluble dilemma that has taken many forms and resists being held captive in any single, all-encompassing formulation. I mention as examples the academic jousting over analytical terms such as the phraseological "formula" and the narrative "theme" and the long debates over what is or is not a "motif. " The basic question amounts to this: can we agree on a grammar of compositional units and further, does our chosen model remain viable as we cross the linguistic line from one tradition to another? For the purposes of this essay and in order to speak directly to the concerns of this special collection of papers, I shall leapfrog both a bibliographical rehearsal of particular issues and the inevitable polemics involved, and instead concentrate on proposing a solution to the "unit problem" which, while perhaps rather radical in itself, finds its seeds in the writings of Walter Ong, Eric Havelock, Werner Kelber, Franz Bauml, Charles Segal, Robert Kellogg, and others. In concert with the general shift of critical focus from the text as object to the work as the reader's experience of that object, I suggest that we define the "units" of oral traditional discourse not strictly and exclusively as textual data, but also and equally as the necessarily subjective apprehension of those data by a reader or participant (whatever the prior experience of the reader or participant may be). I propose that we take as a starting point the idea of the work and its parts as processes rather than as an artifice and its discrete components, and that we stipulate that the unit of discourse-whether phraseological or narrative-cannot be understood as an object but only as a response. In other words, to summon the canonical Parry-Lord "oral formula" as an example, we need to realize that the phraseological unit consists not only of whatever chirographic avatar the highly literate reader uses as a reading mnemonic, but also and crucially of the informed but finally subjective response one makes to those "little black dots on the white page" in the larger context of the unexpressed (and inexpressible) reality of an oral tradition.
Characteristics of hydrogen–hydrocarbon composite fuel turbulent jet flames

The characteristics (flame length, pollutant emission, radiative heat loss fraction, and volumetric soot concentration) of hydrogen–hydrocarbon composite fuel turbulent jet diffusion flames are presented. A correlation of flame length with hydrogen concentration in the fuel mixture is shown. The reactivity of fuel mixture increases with the increase of hydrogen concentration, which ultimately shortens the combustion time, and thereby reduces the overall flame length. Convective time scale decreases with the increase of hydrogen content in the mixture. The measured and predicted flame lengths show a similar trend; however, the predicted values are 1.4 times higher than the measured values. Axial soot concentration decreases, the CO emission index decreases, but, NO and NOx emission indices increase at higher hydrogen concentrations in the mixture.
Microwave conductance spectra of single-walled carbon nanotube arrays

Complex conductance spectra of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) arrays have been measured from 0.1 to 50 GHz at temperatures between 4 and 293 K. Using purely capacitive contacts to separate contact effects from the NTs’ response, the intrinsic SWCNT array conductance increased with frequency as fs with exponent s=0.67±0.08 regardless of array size and temperature. The spectra are consistent with the behavior found in many strongly inhomogeneous electronic systems. The origin of disorder in these arrays is likely topological rather than energetic.
Complex karyotype is associated with aggressive disease and shortened progression-free survival in patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma.

Abstract Background Pretreatment cytogenetics are not routinely used to predict patient outcomes in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Based on the prognostic utility of cytogenetics in other diseases, we reviewed the effect of a complex karyotype (CK) in MCL. Patients and Methods We included patients evaluated between November, 2002, and May, 2011. Those with ≥ 3 chromosomal abnormalities on a pre-treatment cytogenetic evaluation were defined as CK. Demographic, clinical, and survival differences between patients with CK and non-CK (NCK) were assessed. Results Of 80 patients, 32 (40%) had CK, which was associated with high-risk clinical risk factors. Therapy did not differ between the groups, nor did rate of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) estimates were 70% and 48% for patients with NCK and CK, respectively ( P = .02). Two-year overall survival (OS) estimates were also greater in those with NCK versus CK (85% vs. 58%; P = .02). When controlling for high-risk Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) score ( P = .006), bulky disease ( P = .01), and ASCT in first remission ( P = .01), CK was not significantly associated with PFS ( P = .18). Conclusion CK is associated with shortened PFS and OS in MCL but has not been demonstrated to be prognostic independent of other variables in this series.
Multiphase equilibria in solutions of polydisperse homopolymers. I. Three‐phase equilibria in ternary and quasiternary systems

A recent critique of the mechanism of three-phase separation suggested by Tompa for ternary system solvent–polymer (1)–polymer (2) is shown to be invalid, and Tompa's account is reinforced by analytical arguments and numerical results. In particular it is proven that the critical point in some simple Flory–Huggins systems is thermodynamically unstable, rather than just metastable. Three-phase separations in quasiternary systems cannot be studied by simple methods advanced for treatment of true ternary systems. Rather a new, more general, approach is required for these cases.
Indicator dilution curves in congenital cardiac lesions involving the ventricles and great vessels.

Abstract The varied approaches to the utilization of indicator-dilution curves in the diagnosis of congenital cardiac lesions involving the ventricles and great vessels have been outlined. Representative curves have been presented.
Boundary element method with internal stresses for the investigation of dislocation-boundary interactions

In the theory of dislocations, most formulas and solutions are for an infinite body. When the body containing dislocations is finite and the boundary effect is significant, the mathematical treatment becomes much more involved and, for most cases, excludes the possibility of closed form solutions. A general numerical method, boundary element method with internal stresses (BEMIS), is developed for investigating dislocation-boundary interactions. In this method, the internal stresses caused by the dislocations are obtained from the infinite body solution, while the boundary element method is used to satisfy the boundary conditions. With BEMIS, the shape of the dislocations, the geometry of the finite body, and the loading conditions may be general, while the boundary may be a free surface or a bi-material interface. The accuracy and versatility of the method are examined through comparison with known closed form solutions.
Folic acid sparing by triamino pyrimidines.

Received June 30, 1961 Unlike Lactobacillus casei (Stokstad, 1941), Streptococcus faecalis (stokes, 1944) and Crithidia fasciculata (Kidder and Dutta, 1958) Tetrahvmena pvriformis does not grow in a medium lacking folic acid, even when the medium is supplemented with purines, thymine and a number of other compounds known to be synthesized by enzymes requiring some form of folic acid as a cofactor. The requirement of Crithidia for an unconjugated pteridine (biopterin), which can be formed biosynthetically from certain triaminopyrin-idines (Dewey, Kidder and Butler, 1959) or from folic acid (Kidder and Dutta, 1958), led us to investigate the possibility that Tetrahymena may also utilize in its metabolism an unconjugated pteridine which it can synthesize readily from folic acid. A number of pyrimidines was tested, therefore, for their ability to spare the folic acid requirement of this organism. Tetrahvmena ovriformis W was grown in medium A (Dewey, Parks and Kid&r, 1950) containing Tween 80 at 10 mg/ml, from which folic acid was omitted. Dose responses to folic acid were studied in
Neanderthal Skeletal Structure and the Place of Homo neanderthalensis in European Hominid Phylogeny

Although the debate rages on over whether the Neanderthals merit their own species status or should be viewed as an odd variant of Homo sapiens, recent evidence has accumulated that overwhelmingly supports the former interpretation. Among this evidence is a recent full-body skeletal reconstruction that not only highlights the extreme differences between the highly apomorphic H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis in the construction of the thorax and pelvic girdle, but strongly suggests significant gait differences between the two species that add to the probability that the two kinds of hominid would not have recognized each other as breeding partners. This is hardly surprising since the two species possessed a relatively remote common ancestry, and it is indeed suggested here that Homo neanderthalensis was merely one species embedded within a diverse and endemic middle Pleistocene European hominid radiation. Clearly more than one lineage of hominids simultaneously occupied Europe during the middle Pleistocene.
Effects of regulation on scheduled aircraft capacity

Abstract When the fare for coach (first class) service is the same for all flight departures in a market, airlines can offer the service with revenues equal to costs, at many fare level, the aircraft capacity offered (and consequently, total seat departures per person) will vary. Under early 1970 U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) regulations, the load factor standard used in judging fare reasonableness was a determinant of the capacity offered. This standard was devised to lead air carriers to offer service at fares (and capacity levels) consistent with public interests. If this standard were not in effect but other regulations of the early 1970s were in effect, carriers could have an incentive to offer service at lower load factors and higher fares than publicly desirable. This divergence between industry and public optimal capacity/fare levels, which can result under the type of CAB regulations and carrier behavior in effect in the early 1970s, is demonstrated in this paper. A supply and demand model of air transport in three U.S. transcontinental markets is used to identify the divergent solutions and their impact on traffic served, industry revenues and public benefits. The divergence is attributed to a combination of factors, including the use of single fare on flights at all times of day and an allowed return based on capacity flown.
The influence of scopolamine on sucrose intake under absolute and relative test conditions

In three experiments, rats were injected with either saline or scopolamine hydrobromide in both simultaneous and successive contrast paradigms involving shifts between 32% and 4% sucrose solutions. One experiment included methyl scopolamine nitrate as a control for peripheral effects of the drug. Neither scopolamine hydrobromide nor methyl scopolamine nitrate had a clear-cut disinhibitory effect on the occurrence of negative contrast. Instead, scopolamine hydrobromide reduced intake of the sucrose solutions, particularly the 4% solution, both preshift and postshift.
Perceived Helpfulness of Peer Editing Activities: First-Year Students' Views and Writing Performance Outcomes

The perceived value of peer editing to students is unclear. To investigate, first-year students (N = 35) completed a writing attitudes scale and first writing assignment in September 2012. The expected writing requirements were explained and handouts provided, as well as subsequent instructor feedback and grades. A second writing assignment was completed in October with peer editing taking place before the due date. Perceived helpfulness of giving and receiving peer feedback was evaluated. This was repeated in November for a third writing assignment. Rating means for both assignments indicated that students viewed editing a peer's paper as more helpful in improving their own writing than receiving a peer's feedback. For the first assignment, acting as peer editor was negatively correlated with the assignment grades, but not for the second assignment. With repeated assignments of similar format, perhaps a single peer editing experience is sufficient for building students' understanding of expectations and ...
The physical librations of the moon, including higher harmonic effects

The equations of the physical libration of the moon are developed using a representation of the earth-moon orbit as a Kepler ellipse referred to the lunar equator and expanding the lunar potential in terms of these Kepler elements. The Improved Lunar Ephemeris is used to calculate solar perturbations, and a linear integration of all effects arising from lunar gravitational harmonics through the fourth degree is performed. Aside from unobservable constant offsets of the principal axes, the main effects of the higher harmonics on longitude are: 10-sec six-yearly (argument omega), 1.2-sec three-yearly, 0.5-sec annual, and 0.1-sec monthly; on pole direction they are on the order of 0.5-sec six-yearly and 1.0-sec monthly. The higher harmonics must hence be taken into account in analyzing ranging data of 10 cm accuracy.
Infinitesimal Hecke algebras of soN

Abstract In this article we classify all infinitesimal Hecke algebras of g = so N . We establish isomorphism of their universal versions and the W-algebras of so N + 2 m + 1 with a 1-block nilpotent element of the Jordan type ( 1 , … , 1 , 2 m + 1 ) . This should be considered as a continuation of [9] , where the analogous results were obtained for the cases of g = gl n , sp 2 n .
Synovial sarcoma a DNA flow cytometric study

The relationship between DNA content, clinicopathologic findings, and patient survival in synovial sarcoma was investigated. Patient age at diagnosis (P less than 0.001), tumor size (P less than 0.001), and ploidy status (P less than 0.003) correlated significantly with patient survival. A marginally significant correlation between mitotic count and patient survival was also observed (P = 0.04). Histologic subtypes (monophasic versus biphasic), mitotic count, and S-phase by flow cytometry had no significant influence on the clinical outcome of patients with synovial sarcoma in this study. The authors conclude that DNA ploidy analysis is a significant objective probe in the prognostication of patients with synovial sarcoma.
Hyperinsulinism and Diabetes: Genetic Dissection of β Cell Metabolism-Excitation Coupling in Mice

The role of metabolism-excitation coupling in insulin secretion has long been apparent, but in recent years, in parallel with studies of human hyperinsulinism and diabetes, genetic manipulation of proteins involved in glucose transport, metabolism, and excitability in mice has brought the central importance of this pathway into sharp relief. We focus on these animal studies and how they provide important insights into not only metabolic and electrical regulation of insulin secretion, but also downstream consequences of alterations in this pathway and the etiology and treatment of insulin-secretion diseases in humans.
The effect of soluflazine on sleep in rats.

Abstract Soluflazine, a specific adenosine transport inhibitor, was intracerebroventricularly administered to rats in a dose range of 10, 25, and 50 nmoles. At a dose of 50 nmoles, soluflazine decreased waking and increased sleep during the first hour of EEC recording. Our previous work has shown that chronic intracerebroventricular administration of soluflazine to rats decreased radioligand binding to adenosine Al and A2 receptors in specific brain regions. The present data show that administration of an adenosine transport inhibitor to rats produces a transient hypnotic effect presumably through increases in synaptic adenosine levels.
A thresholding hierarchical block matching algorithm for motion estimation

The well-known full search block matching method is very time-consuming as a result of exhaustive search where all the possible motion vectors are considered. Multiresolution block matching algorithms reduce the computation by taking advantage of pyramid structure. However, both approaches treat every region in an image domain indiscriminately no matter whether the region under consideration contains complicated motion or not. In this paper, we present a new hierarchical block matching algorithm for motion estimation using thresholding. Regions experiencing relatively uniform motion are withheld from further processing via thresholding, thus saving lots of computation. No pyramid is actually formed, that is, all levels in the hierarchy have the same resolution. Experiments have demonstrated that for videoconferencing sequences, the proposed algorithm works faster and has much less motion vectors than both the full search block matching and multiresolution technique while maintaining almost the same quality of reconstructed images.
Flock House Virus RNA Polymerase Is a Transmembrane Protein with Amino-Terminal Sequences Sufficient for Mitochondrial Localization and Membrane Insertion

Localization of RNA replication to intracellular membranes is a universal feature of positive-strand RNA viruses. Replication complexes of flock house virus (FHV), the best-studied alphanodavirus, are located on outer mitochondrial membranes in infected Drosophila melanogaster cells and are associated with the formation of membrane-bound spherules, similar to structures found for many other positive-strand RNA viruses. To further study FHV replication complex formation, we investigated the subcellular localization, membrane association, and membrane topology of protein A, the FHV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a host able to support full FHV RNA replication and virion formation. Confocal immunofluorescence revealed that protein A localized to mitochondria in yeast, as in Drosophila cells, and that this mitochondrial localization was independent of viral RNA synthesis. Nycodenz gradient flotation and dissociation assays showed that protein A behaved as an integral membrane protein, a finding consistent with a predicted N-proximal transmembrane domain. Protease digestion and selective permeabilization after differential epitope tagging demonstrated that protein A was inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane with the N terminus in the inner membrane space or matrix and that the C terminus was exposed to the cytoplasm. Flotation and immunofluorescence studies with deletion mutants indicated that the N-proximal region of protein A was important for both membrane association and mitochondrial localization. Gain-of-function studies with green fluorescent protein fusions demonstrated that the N-terminal 46 amino acids of protein A were sufficient for mitochondrial localization and membrane insertion. We conclude that protein A targets and anchors FHV RNA replication complexes to outer mitochondrial membranes, in part through an N-proximal mitochondrial localization signal and transmembrane domain.
Simultaneous realisation of transfer and sensitivity functions

The problem of the simultaneous realisation of a transfer function and a transfer-function sensitivity using a single feedback path is discussed. The results are illustrated by a simple example.
Level 5 (User Refinement) issues supporting Information Fusion Management

Subsequent revisions to the Joint-Directors of Lab (JDL) model emphasize the differentiation between fusion (estimation) and sensor management (control). Two diverging groups include one pressing for fusion automation (JDL revisions) and one advocating the role of the user (user-fusion model). The center of debate is real-world delivery of fusion systems which requires presenting fusion results for knowledge representation (fusion estimation) and knowledge reasoning (control management). The purpose of the paper is to highlight the need of Users, with individual differences, facilitated by knowledge representations to reason about user situational awareness (SA). This paper includes: (1) Addressing the user in system management/control. (2) Assessing information quality (metrics) to support SA. (3) Evaluating Fusion systems to deliver user info needs, (4) Planning knowledge delivery for dynamic updating. (5) Designing SA interfaces to support user reasoning
EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERING BY STATIC, DYNAMIC, AND POSTSEISMIC STRESS TRANSFER

▪ Abstract Earthquake triggering is the process by which stress changes associated with an earthquake can induce or retard seismic activity in the surrounding region or trigger other earthquakes at great distances. Calculations of static Coulomb stress changes associated with earthquake slip have proven to be a powerful tool in explaining many seismic observations, including aftershock distributions, earthquake sequences, and the quiescence of broad, normally active regions following large earthquakes. Delayed earthquake triggering, which can range from seconds to decades, can be explained by a variety of time-dependent stress transfer mechanisms, such as viscous relaxation, poroelastic rebound, or afterslip, or by reductions in fault friction, such as predicted by rate and state constitutive relations. Rapid remote triggering of earthquakes at great distances (from several fault lengths to 1000s of km) is best explained by the passage of transient (dynamic) seismic waves, which either immediately induce ...
Gene expression profile in circulating mononuclear cells after exposure to ultrafine carbon particles.

Context: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with systemic health effects, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Objective: We hypothesized that, if circulating mononuclear cells play an important role in mediating systemic effects of PM, they would show gene expression changes following exposure. Materials and methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected before (0 h) and at 24 h from healthy subjects exposed to filtered air (FA) and ultrafine carbon particles (UFPs, 50 μg/m3) for 2 h in a previous study (n = 3 each). RNA from mononuclear cell fraction (>85% lymphocytes) was extracted, amplified and hybridized to Affymetrix HU133 plus 2 microarrays. Selected genes were confirmed in five additional subjects from the same study. Results: We identified 1713 genes (UFP 24 h vs. FA 0 and 24 h, P < 0.05, false discovery rate of 0.01). The top 10 upregulated genes (fold) were CDKN1C (1.86), ZNF12 (1.83), SRGAP2 (1.82), FYB (1.79), LSM14B (1.79), CD93 (1.76), NCSTN (1.70), DUSP6...
Diminishing corticotrope capacity to release ACTH during sustained stimulation: the twenty-four hours after bilateral adrenalectomy in the rat.

Pituitaries were collected from rats at various intervals up to 72 hr after adrenalectomy. Their capacity to secrete ACTH in vitro in response to crude rat median eminence extract (MEE) or lyophilized rat hypothalamic extract (NIAMD HE-RP-1) was tested against that of pituitaries from control rats. Pituitaries obtained from rats 4, 8, 18 and 24 hr after adrenalectomy had a markedly decreased capacity to respond to these agents. Pituitary release of FSH in response to MEE was not affected 24 hr after adrenalectomy. The response range was narrowed 24 hr after adrenalectomy; however, when the ACTH released in response to low doses of HE was expressed as % increase above resting output, the sensitivity of pituitaries at all times after adrenalectomy was similar to that of the unoperated controls. The results suggest that the triphasic curve in plasma ACTH levels which is observed during the first 72 hr after adrenalectomy is due to alterations in the capacity of the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH during s...
The Naim-Andonian Documents on the World War I Destruction of Ottoman Armenians: The Anatomy of a Genocide

The protracted Turko-Armenian conflict, marked by intermittent massacres, was violently resolved during World War I. By governmental decree the bulk of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire was uprooted from its ancestral territories and was committed to a process of deportation that became a process of destruction. The provinces in the interior of Turkey with heavy concentrations of Armenians were thus completely denuded of their indigenous population. Volumes have been produced regarding the instruments and dimensions of this destruction. The carnage was attested to by multitudes of Armenian survivors; by German, Swiss, and American missionaries; and by European and American consuls in the provinces and their ambassadors in Istanbul, the Ottoman capital. The testimony of Austrian and German officers of all ranks who fought in and directed that war alongside the Turks as political and military allies is even more striking.
Ramifications of the Geometric Langlands Program

The global geometric Langlands correspondence relates Hecke eigensheaves on the moduli stack of G-bundles on a smooth projective algebraic curve X and holomorphic G'-bundles with connection on X, where G' is the Langlands dual group of G. This correspondence is relatively well understood when the connection has no singularities, i.e., is unramified. But what should happen if the connection has singularities, or ramification, at finitely many points of X? In this case we expect to attach to it a category of Hecke eigensheaves on a suitable moduli stack of G-bundles on X with parabolic (or level) structures at the ramification points. In this paper I review an approach to constructing these categories developed by D.Gaitsgory and myself. It uses representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras of critical level and localization functors from these representations to D-modules on the moduli spaces of bundles with parabolic (or level) structures. As explained in hep-th/0512172, these D-modules may be viewed as sheaves of conformal blocks naturally arising in the framework of Conformal Field Theory.
The radioenhancement effects of 5-thio-d-glucose and insulin in vivo on a hypoxic p388 murine leukemia

Abstract A radioresistant in vivo tumor consisting of a partially hypoxic P388 murine leukemia growing intraperitoneally (IP) in B6D2F1 female mice was used to test the radioenhancement potential of 5-Thio-D-Glucose (5TDG) and insulin. Pretreated animals were exposed to increasing doses of whole body radiation (5, 10, 20 Gy) and harvested tumor cells were re-injected into new boats. In this experiment little benefit was demonstrated with 5TDG or the combination of 5TDG and insulin + radiation. The median survival of animals receiving cells pre-treated with insulin and radiation was improved, but, in general, did not reach statistical significance by the log rank method.
Executive Function Skills and School Success in Young Children Experiencing Homelessness

The authors examined the role of executive function (EF) skills as a predictor of kindergarten or first-grade adjustment in 138 children living in shelters for homeless families. During the summer, children completed a battery of six EF tasks and three IQ measures. Teachers later rated children’s school adjustment in five domains of achievement and social conduct. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of EF as distinct from the general factor in IQ tests. The differential predictive validity of EF scores for school adjustment was tested by hierarchical regression analysis in relation to IQ. Results supported the hypothesis that EF has unique predictive significance for homeless children. Findings also corroborate the feasibility and validity of EF assessments in community settings and contribute to growing evidence that EF skills are important for school success. Implications are discussed for addressing educational disparities for homeless and highly mobile children.