cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning: What Matters Most

Dr Jensen is a leader known nationally and internationally for her scholarly contributions related to expert practice, clinical reasoning, professional ethics, and educational theory and application. Although her vision and work often center on physical therapy, she reaches beyond the profession to have an impact on health professions and higher education more broadly. She has served on several editorial boards, including Physical Therapy and the Journal of Physical Therapy Education , and is currently deputy editor for Physiotherapy Research International and Associate Editor for Physiotherapy Theory and Practice and is on the editorial board of Qualitative Health Research . Dr Jensen is author or coauthor of more than 60 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has coauthored 9 books, most recently Leadership in Interprofessional Health Education and Practice , Expertise in Physical Therapy Practice (2nd edition), Educating for Moral Action: A Sourcebook in Health and Rehabilitation Ethics , and the forthcoming third edition of Handbook of Teaching for Physical Therapists . Dr Jensen has received funding from federal, state, and foundation grants totaling more than $2 million, always with a strong commitment to collaborative, community-based work both within and across disciplines. Dr Jensen received her PhD in educational evaluation with a minor in sociology from Stanford University. She holds a master's degree in physical therapy from Stanford University and a bachelor's degree in education from the University of Minnesota. During her career, she has held faculty appointments at Stanford University, Temple University, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Samuel Merritt University, and Creighton University. Dr Jensen is Dean of the Graduate School, Associate Vice President for Research, Academic Affairs, Professor of Physical Therapy, and Faculty Associate, Center for Health Policy and Ethics, Creighton University. Her clinical practice has centered on orthopedic practice, and she has served as a member of the …
“We’re Not a Korean American Church Any More”: Dilemmas in Constructing a Multi-Racial Church Identity

English Ministry churches, which serve second-generation Korean Americans, plan on becoming multi-racial in order to grow. This raises questions of how organizations change identities generally, an...
Local recurrence rate of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in primary high-grade sarcomas.

Background Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is an emerging technique for diagnosis of bone and soft tissue lesions. While multiple studies have demonstrated efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and convenience, none have attempted to determine if the modality leads to an increased rate of local recurrence. Our objective was to determine whether FNAB could be linked to an increased rate of local recurrence. Methods We reviewed a database containing records of 388 patients who underwent FNAB without surgical biopsy tract excision between September 2002 and December 2006 in the orthopedics department at our institution. After application of rigid criteria to minimize confounding variables, 20 patients were retrospectively examined for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Results In this cohort, no local recurrences were seen over a mean follow-up of 45 months. Fifteen percent of our patients developed one or more distant metastases over the same time interval. Our experience offers preliminary evidence for the safety of this method. Conclusions While further studies are needed, our data combined with already reported studies on efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and convenience are encouraging for expanding the use of FNAB in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:618–621. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influences of Situational Characteristics on Intrinsic Motivation

Abstract The effects of competition and work stoppages on intrinsic motivation were examined in a laboratory study. Pairs of participants were assigned to one of four experimental conditions to play the Atari Pole Position race car video game (Atari, Inc., 1983). Hypothesized main effects of competition on intrinsic motivation were minimally supported.
The C. elegans homolog of the murine cystic kidney disease gene Tg737 functions in a ciliogenic pathway and is disrupted in osm-5 mutant worms.

Cilia and flagella are important organelles involved in diverse functions such as fluid and cell movement, sensory perception and embryonic patterning. They are devoid of protein synthesis, thus their formation and maintenance requires the movement of protein complexes from the cytoplasm into the cilium and flagellum axoneme by intraflagellar transport (IFT), a conserved process common to all ciliated or flagellated eukaryotic cells. We report that mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans gene Y41g9a.1 are responsible for the ciliary defects in osm-5 mutant worms. This was confirmed by transgenic rescue of osm-5(p813) mutants using the wild-type Y41g9a.1 gene. osm-5 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing protein that is the homolog of murine polaris (Tg737), a protein associated with cystic kidney disease and left-right axis patterning defects in the mouse. osm-5 is expressed in ciliated sensory neurons in C. elegans and its expression is regulated by DAF-19, an RFX-type transcription factor that governs the expression of other genes involved in cilia formation in the worm. Similar to murine polaris, the OSM-5 protein was found to concentrate at the cilium base and within the cilium axoneme as shown by an OSM-5::GFP translational fusion and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, time-lapse imaging of OSM-5::GFP fusion protein shows fluorescent particle migration within the cilia. Overall, the data support a crucial role for osm-5 in a conserved ciliogenic pathway, most likely as a component of the IFT process. http://www.biologists.com/Development/movies/dev3342.html
Increased flux of free radicals in cells subjected to hyperthermia: detection by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping

It has been hypothesized that hyperthermia promotes oxygen-centered free radical formation in cells; however, to date there is no direct evidence of this heat-induced increase in oxygen free radical flux. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping, we sought direct evidence for free radical generation during hyperthermia in intact, functioning cells. Rat intestinal epithelial cell monolayers were exposed to 45°C for 20 min, after which the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) was added. Compared to control cells at 37°C, heat-exposed cells had increased free radical EPR signals, consistent with the formation of DMPO/⋅OH (aN=aH=14.9 G). These findings indicate that heat increases the flux of cellular free radicals and support the hypothesis that increased generation of oxygen-centered free radicals and the resultant oxidative stress may mediate in part, heat-induced cellular damage.
The CDY-related gene family: coordinated evolution in copy number, expression profile and protein sequence

Theories predict that the long-term survival of duplicated genes requires their functional diversification, which can be accomplished by either subfunctionalization (the partitioning of ancestral functions among duplicates) or neofunctionalization (the acquisition of novel function). Here, we characterize the CDY-related mammalian gene family, focusing on three aspects of its evolution: gene copy number, tissue expression profile and amino acid sequence. We show that the progenitor of this gene family arose de novo in the mammalian ancestor via domain accretion. This progenitor later duplicated to generate CDYL and CDYL2, two autosomal genes found in all extant mammals. Prior to human-mouse divergence (and perhaps preceding the eutherian radiation), a processed CDYL transcript retroposed onto the Y chromosome to create CDY, the Y-linked member of the family. In the simian lineage, CDY was retained and subsequently amplified on the Y. In non-simian mammals, however, CDY appears to have been lost. The retention of the Y-linked CDY genes in simians spurred the process of subfunctionalization and possibly neofunctionalization. Subfunctionalization is evidenced by the observation that simian CDYL and CDYL2 retained their somatic housekeeping transcripts but lost the spermatogenic transcripts to the newly arisen CDY. Neo-functionalization is suggested by the rapid evolution of the CDY protein sequence. Thus, the CDY-related family offers an instructive example of how duplicated genes undergo functional diversification in both expression profile and protein sequence. It also supports the previously postulated notion that there is a tendency for spermatogenic functions to transfer from autosomes to the Y chromosome.
How) Can We Be Political in Our Work in Higher Education

As students return and our campuses again become lively with political activity, situations are certain to develop that raise questions about how professionals in a collegiate environment interact appropriately with students around political issues.
Extracting information from apparent randomness in cardiovascular data

A cosinor analysis of chronobiological data has firmly established the predominance of certain deterministic periods, characterizing life processes, here illustrated by serial blood pressures. The percentage of the variance accounted for by harmonic models, however, is almost invariably much less than 100 for any biologic variables. To deal with such residuals, the authors consider a data-fitting scheme using a scalar summary of related yet distinct vectorial measurements and a hidden Markov model on the residuals from a deterministic, e.g. cosinor fit of harmonics. In applying this model to data from human newborns, after removal of a 24-hour cosine component from the data, a separation of infants with positive versus negative family history of high blood pressure remains possible. This result complements the separation by the deterministic 24-h cosine model, here removed from the time series prior to the use of the hidden Markov model. >
Micrometeorology and Energy Exchange in Two Desert Arthropods

Incoming solar, net, and reflected radiation, wind velocity, relative humidity, and temperatures at various levels above and below an open desert surface were recorded simultaneously at 30—minute intervals for a 3—day period. Concurrent measurements were also made of arthropod burrow temperatures and relative humidities, scorpion body temperatures, and body and subelytral temperatures of tenebrionid beetles. The burrowing habit enabled arthropods to escape the hot, desiccating conditions recorded on the desert surface during the day. Temperatures and humidities to which scorpions were subjected while in their subterranean retreats depended upon the burrow's depth and subsequent movements in the burrow. Vertical movements between the surface and maximum burrow depths during a 24—hour period provided arthropods with a wide choice of micro— environments. Tenebrionid beetles on the surface were able to achieve a temperature equilibrium only under low temperature and radiation loads. Subelytral cavity temperatures in black Eleodes armata were generally 2—7°C warmer than body temperatures after exposure to direct sunlight. Temperature differences between subelytral cavities of black beetles and beetles with their elytra painted white were small, but suggested that a white dorsal surface was, at least, paritally effective in reducing absorption of solar radiation. The subelytral cavity, in addition to reducing transpiratory water loss, apparently provides a mechanism for increasing convective cooling, and may serve as a temperature “buffer zone” against heat conduction resulting from high intensity solar radiation. A heat exchange budget was estimated for E. armata on the desrt surface. Major contributing factors were heat gained from incoming radiation versus heat lost from convection and reradiation. Contributions from evaporation and metabolism, as determined by laboratory experiments, were very small in comparison, while the role of conduction in energy exchange was assumed to be negligible. Inherent problems in the estimation of contributing factors to net energy exchange, and comparison of similar budgets for mesic arthropods are discussed.
Constructing Climate Change in the Americas: An Analysis of News Coverage in U.S. and South American Newspapers

This study examined the portrayal of climate change in four national newspapers from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and the United States. The results indicated that leading media in Brazil and the U...
Understanding the Microstructure and Properties of Components Fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)

Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) is a novel manufacturing process for fabricating metal parts directly from Computer Aided Design (CAD) solid models. The process is similar to rapid prototyping technologies in its approach to fabricate a solid component by layer additive methods. However, the LENS technology is unique in that fully dense metal components with material properties that are similar to that of wrought materials can be fabricated. The LENS process has the potential to dramatically reduce the time and cost required realizing functional metal parts. In addition, the process can fabricate complex internal features not possible using existing manufacturing processes. The real promise of the technology is the potential to manipulate the material fabrication and properties through precision deposition of the material, which includes thermal behavior control, layered or graded deposition of multi-materials, and process parameter selection. This paper describes the authors' research to understand solidification aspects, thermal behavior, and material properties for laser metal deposition technologies.
Variations of large spectral sets; two-dimensional correlation analysis of loadings spectra of principal component analysisa

This work attempted to interpret the principal component loadings spectra of principal component analysis on large spectral data sets with multi-variables using two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis. Three examples of visible/near infrared (NIR) spectra of chicken muscles under different conditions were given and discussed. 2D analysis indicated that characteristic bands from loadings spectra are in good agreement with those from a small numberofspectrainducedbysimpleexternalperturbations.Althoughsomeadvantagesof2Dcorrelationanalysis (such as sequential changes in intensity) were not available, it might still be useful for the understanding of large and complex spectral data sets with multi component variations.
Immunological link between primary graft dysfunction and chronic lung allograft rejection.

Background Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in the immediate post–lung transplant period strongly increases the risk of chronic rejection (broncholitis obliterans syndrome). Here, we hypothesized that PGD-induced inflammation augments alloimmunity, thereby predisposing to broncholitis obliterans syndrome. Methods Primary graft dysfunction and broncholitis obliterans syndrome were diagnosed according to the established International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria. Anti–human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloantibodies were analyzed using Flow-PRA. Donor HLA class II–specific T cells were analyzed using interferon (IFN)-γ ELISPOT. Serum levels of 25 cytokines and chemokines were measured using LUMINEX. Results Of the 127 subjects, 29 (22.8%) had no PGD (grade 0), 42 (33.2%) had PGD-1, 36 (28.3%) had PGD-2, and 20 (15.7%) had PGD-3. Patients with PGD grades 1 to 3 (PGD 1-3 ) had elevated proinflammatory mediators MCP-1, IP-10, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-12 in the sera during the early posttransplant period compared with patients with PGD grade 0 (PGD 0 ). On serial analysis, PGD 1-3 patients revealed increased development of de novo anti-HLA-II (5 years: 52.2% versus PGD 0 13.5%, p = 0.008). However, no difference was found in anti-HLA-I alloantibody development (PGD 1-3 patients 48% versus PGD 0 39.6%, p = 0.6). Furthermore, PGD 1-3 patients had increased frequency of donor HLA class II–specific CD4 + T cells [(91.4 ± 19.37) × 10 −6 versus (23.6 ± 15.93) × 10 −6 , p = 0.003]. Conclusions Primary graft dysfunction induces proinflammatory cytokines that can upregulate donor HLA-II antigens on the allograft. Increased donor HLA-II expression along with PGD-induced allograft inflammation promotes the development of donor specific alloimmunity. This provides an important mechanistic link between early posttransplant lung allograft injury and reported association with broncholitis obliterans syndrome.
Flexible energy storage devices based on carbon nanotube forests with built-in metal electrodes

Abstract Mechanically bendable energy storage devices have been demonstrated based on a lift-off and liquid densification process to construct carbon nanotube (CNT) forests with built-in bottom metal electrodes on top of a flexible substrate. The flexible CNT structure has been fabricated and tested as a supercapacitor electrode with the following salient features: (1) excellent transfer of charge from the aligned CNTs to the bottom contact metal layer, (2) a simple and straightforward fabrication process, and (3) easy integration with a variety of surfaces and topographies. Experimental results have shown that a 5 mm × 10 mm electrode with 40 μm-thick CNT forest and 50 nm-thick molybdenum bottom metal contact has been transferred from a silicon growth substrate onto a 200 μm-thick Al/Thermanox™ plastic substrate. The attached film survived the bending of as large as 180°. A measured specific capacitance of 7.0 mF/cm2 has been achieved. Repeated mechanical bending tests followed by CV cyclic measurements have shown good device stability. As such, flexible energy storage devices composed of CNT forests with built-in metal electrodes could have broad applications in modern systems that demand components with adaptable shapes to fit into small form factors and ergonomic designs.
Inverse Analytical Techniques Applied to Coincident Contaminant Distributions at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts

Inverse analytical techniques have been applied to six coincident plumes at Otis Air Force Base near Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The plumes contain chloride, boron, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and biodegradable and nonbiodegradable detergents. Thus, a host of processes including physical, chemical, and biological, are presumed to be operative. The analytical technique is structured to solve several equations simultaneously and provides unique values for several unknowns which control the behavior of the contaminant plumes. The determined parameters include source strength and size, the advective position of the contaminant front for both retarded and unretarded constituents, dispersivities in x and y, and a reaction rate constant that describes decay, biodegradation, or chemical transformation. The obtained values for the transport parameters for the different constituents were reasonably similar, with the transverse dispersivity ranging from 1.2 to 2.7 m and the longitudinal dispersivity ranging from 6.1 to 7 m. The unretarded advective velocity of boron, chloride, and tetrachloroethene were quite similar (73, 78, and 65 m/yr) whereas tetrachloroethene had a velocity of 48 m/yr. Of special interest is the half-life determination of the reactive constituents. The organic compounds trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene have half-lives of 11 and 10 years, respectively, whereas the biodegradable detergent with linear alkyl sulfonate had a half-life of 7.6 years. In all cases, this set of parameters captures the essence of the various plumes with a high degree of accuracy.
OPSENET: A Security-Enabled Routing Scheme for a System of Optical Sensor Networks

In this paper we introduce OPSENET, a novel and efficient protocol that facilitates secure routing in directional optical sensor networks. We show that even though the uni- directionality of links in an optical sensor network (OSN) complicates the design of efficient routing, link directionality actually helps security in our network setup. In particular, we leverage the naturally-occurring clustering that results from passive (bi-directional) communication of select cluster head nodes with the base station, to improve overall network performance. This paper presents two main contributions: (1) We introduce OPSENET, a novel secure cluster-based routing algorithm for base station circuit discovery in OSNs. In order to support the efficient utilization of a nodes' resources, we employ symmetric cryptography in the design of OPSENET, using efficient oneway hash functions and pre-deployed keying. OPSENET achieves base station broadcast authentication, per-hop authentication, and cluster group secrecy, without requiring any time synchronization. (2) We analyze the relevance of traditional routing attacks on OSNs, and show that OPSENET is robust against uncoordinated (non-smart) insider routing attacks, amongst other compromises. An important performance metric of OPSENET is its low byte overhead, and graceful degradation with the number of compromised nodes in the network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to consider secure routing in an OSN network scenario.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax requires direct access to DNA for recruitment of CREB binding protein to the viral promoter.

Efficient human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) replication and viral gene expression are dependent upon the virally encoded oncoprotein Tax. To activate HTLV-1 transcription, Tax interacts with the cellular DNA binding protein cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and recruits the coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP), forming a nucleoprotein complex on the three viral cyclic AMP-responsive elements (CREs) in the HTLV-1 promoter. Short stretches of dG-dC-rich (GC-rich) DNA, immediately flanking each of the viral CREs, are essential for Tax recruitment of CBP in vitro and Tax transactivation in vivo. Although the importance of the viral CRE-flanking sequences is well established, several studies have failed to identify an interaction between Tax and the DNA. The mechanistic role of the viral CRE-flanking sequences has therefore remained enigmatic. In this study, we used high resolution methidiumpropyl-EDTA iron(II) footprinting to show that Tax extended the CREB footprint into the GC-rich DNA flanking sequences of the viral CRE. The Tax-CREB footprint was enhanced but not extended by the KIX domain of CBP, suggesting that the coactivator increased the stability of the nucleoprotein complex. Conversely, the footprint pattern of CREB on a cellular CRE lacking GC-rich flanking sequences did not change in the presence of Tax or Tax plus KIX. The minor-groove DNA binding drug chromomycin A3 bound to the GC-rich flanking sequences and inhibited the association of Tax and the Tax-CBP complex without affecting CREB binding. Tax specifically cross-linked to the viral CRE in the 5*-flanking sequence, and this cross-link was blocked by chromomycin A3. Together, these data support a model where Tax interacts directly with both CREB and the minor-groove viral CREflanking sequences to form a high-affinity binding site for the recruitment of CBP to the HTLV-1 promoter.
Prognostic factors, course, and outcome of depression among older primary care patients: the PROSPECT study.

Objectives: We sought to examine whether there are patterns of evolving depression symptoms among older primary care patients that are related to prognostic factors and long-term clinical outcomes. Method: Primary care practices were randomly assigned to Usual Care or to an intervention consisting of a depression care manager offering algorithm-based depression care. In all, 599 adults 60 years and older meeting criteria for major depression or clinically significant minor depression were randomly selected. Longitudinal analysis via growth curve mixture modeling was carried out to classify patients according to the patterns of depression symptoms across 12 months. Depression diagnosis determined after a structured interview at 24 months was the long-term clinical outcome. Results: Three patterns of change in depression symptoms over 12 months were identified: high persistent course (19.1% of the sample), high declining course (14.4% of the sample), and low declining course (66.5% of the sample). Being in ...
Altered GABAA receptor expression as biomarker of mercury toxicity in embryonic neurogenesis

Mouse brain microarray dataset (GDS2702) on embryonic days 14.5 (E14.5), 16.5 (E16.5 and 18.5 (E18.5) was investigated for gene expression patterns of GABA receptors. Gabbr1, Gabra2, Gabrb3 and Gabrg2 were the only four GABA receptor genes expressed at stage E14.5 and E16.5. However, at stage E18.5, four additional genes (Gabra1, Gabra3, Gabrg1 and Gabrg3) were expressed. Gabbr1 had the highest intensity in all the three embryonic days. Gabra6, Gabrb2, Gabrd, Gabrr1 and Gabrr2 were not expressed in all the 3 samples analyzed. It is proposed that Gabra6 receptor is a potential biomarker for neuronal toxicity that can arise from maternal exposures to low doses of mercury through diet, water and air pollutions.
Analysis and design of a boost derived DC-to-AC inverter

In this paper, we present a simplified steady state analysis and design for a DC-to-AC inverter with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and output isolation. It is a current-fed converter having variable frequency control to obtain a symmetrical regulated AC output. Two switches operating in complementary fashion to control the operation of the converter and provide transformer core resetting. The resonance between the parasitic capacitances, transformer magnetizing inductance, and output side inductor allows ZVS for both switches reducing switching losses. The output has an LCC resonant tank circuit that controls the output power flow, and sets frequency of the output AC voltage. Using simplified steady state analysis, input and output characteristic curves are derived for different transformer ratios. Based on these curves, a design procedure with a specific example supported by simulation results is presented.
Development of Parallel Forms of a Generalized Scale of Attitudes toward Full-Service Restaurants:

Summary.-Parallel forms of a generalized scale of attitudes toward fullservice restaurants were developed using the Thurstone technique. Reliability was demonstrated. Content validity was implicit. Meaningful attitude measures may be generated inexpensively, reliably, and rapidly. Potential advantages of synthesis of generalized attitude scales and empirically scaled attitude statements were indicated in previous research (Blumenfeld, 1971, 1974). A generalized attitude scale is one having as its attitude object a general class of attitude objects rather than a specific attitude object (Remmers, 1954), e.g., attitudes toward any state as opposed to atticudes toward Georgia, or Maryland, etc. Empirically scaled attitude statements have obvious advantages over rs priori statements (Edwards, 1957; Guilford, 1954; Shaw & Wright, 1967). In the present research attitude statements toward full-service restaurants were scaled empirically to develop parallel forms of a generalized scale of attitudes toward full-service restaurants. The primary intent of the scale is as one form of criterion measurement in evaluation of acceptance or inferred effectiveness of full-service restaurants, as perceived by various consumer groups. A group of 28 unde~graduate Hospitality Administration students held conferences concerning variables, content, which ought be covered in such an attitude scale, e.g., food, atmosphere, cost/value, service, etc. The group produced 365 statements which were edited by project directors. Then 37 othe7 undergraduate students in psychology and hospitality administration rated those statements as to favorability on a 9-point scale. Scale and agreement values were obtained for each stEtement. Two parallel 22-item forms (A and B) were assembled by considering scale values, agreement values, and statement content. Scale values range from 2 to 8 (median or neutral value, 5) and agreement values range from 1.0 to 1.8 (median value, 1.4). Forms A and B were administered in counterbaalnced order to a third group of 54 undergraduate students in psychology and hospitality administration. Their task was to use the forms to evaluate a popular full-service restaurant (with which they were familiar) near campus. Completion time (A und B) ranged from 4 to 10 min. Odd-even, corrected, reliability estimates were obtained (A, .SO; B, .82); parallel-forms reliability coefficient was obtained (.88; all ps < .01).
A Noteworthy Contribution: Sarah Lawrence Studies 1940

(1941). A Noteworthy Contribution: Sarah Lawrence Studies 1940. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 174-174.
Time-activity Budgets and Spatial Distribution Patterns of the Smokybrown Cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)

Time budgets and spatial distribution patterns of adult and nymphal smokybrown cockroaches, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), were studied during July 1984 in Houston, Tex. Within 60 min after sunset, adult males and small nymphs emerged from their harborages followed by medium and large nymphs and adult females. Once abroad, all stages foraged for food. After feeding, adult males climbed onto vertical surfaces and oriented head downwards (perching). Most nymphs and adult females returned to harborage sites after feeding, whereas some ( 1 m. Itemized time-activity budgets for P. fuliginosa are presented and intraspecific differences discussed.
329 ALEMTUZUMAB DOSING BY RECIPIENT WEIGHT IS IMPORTANT FOR REDUCED-INTENSITY CONDITIONING FOR ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION.

From June 2002, to August 2006, our institution used reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens for allogeneic transplantation of 40 adult at-risk older patients or patients with comorbid conditions. Malignancies included multiple myeloma, AML, CML, NHL, MDS, CLL, and one renal cell carcinoma. Thirteen (32%) were in CR at time of transplant, whereas 27 (68%) had relapsed or refractory disease. Median age was 50 years (range 24-66) and median follow-up was 8 months (1-36 months). Degree of HLA match at A, B, and DR was 6/6 or better for 31 patients and either single antigen or allele mismatches for the others. Three RIC regimens consisted of intravenous infusions of: fludarabine 30 mg/m2 × 5 days and melphalan 140 mg/m2 × 1 day in all groups, and of Alemtuzumab 20 mg/d × 5 days (protocol 1), × 3 days (protocol 2), and × 2 days (protocol 3). Twenty-three patients received MUD products and 17 received MRD products; cell source was bone marrow (17), PBSC (19), cord blood (1), and combination products (3). All patients received an adequate CD34+ cell dose or TNC dose (cord blood transplant). GVHD prophylaxis was tacrolimus tapering after day +100 and mycophenolate mofetil tapering after day +30. Determination of the optimal dose of alemtuzumab was a goal of this study. All patients except one achieved a WBC graft. Relapse or disease progression occurred in only 37% of protocol 3, 40% of protocol 2, and 67% of protocol 1. Although alemtuzumab doses were given in a standard fashion not adjusted for body weight or surface area, it was found that a lack of consideration of patient size did not represent the intent of the given protocols. Weight-based alemtuzumab dose adjustment showed that a much broader dose range than expected had occurred. Those receiving protocol 1 were in a dose range of 1.01 to 1.90 mg/kg; for protocol 2, the range was 0.36 to 1.08 mg/kg; for protocol 3, the range was 0.36 to 0.70. The median dose of alemtuzumab for the cohort was 0.68 mg/kg. A clustering of acute GVHD grades I to II appeared below the median dose at approximately 0.55 mg/kg; only one patient had grade IV GVHD. In summary, these data indicate that using the patient9s body weight in the determination of an optimal alemtuzumab dose is a more reasonable approach to developing and standardizing RIC protocols with this drug.
FGFR2IIIb-MAPK Activity Is Required for Epithelial Cell Fate Decision in the Lower Müllerian Duct

Cell fate of lower Mullerian duct epithelium (MDE), to become uterine or vaginal epithelium, is determined by the absence or presence of ΔNp63 expression, respectively. Previously, we showed that SMAD4 and runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) were independently required for MDE to express ΔNp63. Here, we report that vaginal mesenchyme directs vaginal epithelial cell fate in MDE through paracrine activation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-MAPK pathway. In the developing reproductive tract, FGF7 and FGF10 were enriched in vaginal mesenchyme, whereas FGF receptor 2IIIb was expressed in epithelia of both the uterus and vagina. When Fgfr2 was inactivated, vaginal MDE underwent uterine cell fate, and this differentiation defect was corrected by activation of MEK-ERK pathway. In vitro, FGF10 in combination with bone morphogenetic protein 4 and activin A (ActA) was sufficient to induce ΔNp63 in MDE, and ActA was essential for induction of RUNX1 through SMAD-independent pathways. Accordingly, inhibition of type 1 receptors for activin in neonatal mice induced uterine differentiation in vaginal epithelium by down-regulating RUNX1, whereas conditional deletion of Smad2 and Smad3 had no effect on vaginal epithelial differentiation. In conclusion, vaginal epithelial cell fate in MDE is induced by FGF7/10-MAPK, bone morphogenetic protein 4-SMAD, and ActA-RUNX1 pathway activities, and the disruption in any one of these pathways results in conversion from vaginal to uterine epithelial cell fate.
Dry Eye Syndrome and Other Tear Film Abnormalities

Patients with undiagnosed problems in tear production who undergo cosmetic blepharoplasty can be extremely dissatisfied after the operation. Knowledge of methods for diagnosing such problems will allow the surgeon to better select patients for cosmetic eyelid surgery. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is the most common abnormal tear film state, but there are other conditions of which the eye surgeon should be aware.
Visual cells in excised Limulus eyes: Dark adaptation reveals evidence of response duality

The role of light adaptation on response duality was examined in excised eyes taken from mature Limulus and maintained in ordinary seawater for up to 10 h. Several manifestations of duality were found. Two types of quantum fluctuations exist in dark adaptation. Two segments were found in the intensity-response function characterizing the plateau phase of responses in the dark-adapted state. And this intensity-response function covered a wide range of intensities in dark adaptation. Light adaptation reversibly abolished all three of these expressions of response duality. Thus, despite repeated claims that response duality is a property that degenerates after excision, these data show that it is an adaptation-dependent property that can readily be seen when care is taken to allow enough time for dark adaptation.
Treatment of Head and Neck Paragangliomas

BackgroundCommonly occurring in the head and neck, paragangliomas are typically benign, highly vascular neoplasms embryologically originating from the extra-adrenal paraganglia of the neural crest....
Surface-potential-based compact modeling of BTI

Characterization and modeling of bias temperature instability (BTI) is conventionally based on time-dependent shifts in threshold voltage (Vth) resulting from stress and relaxation conditions. Contributions of oxide near-interfacial (i.e., border) and interface traps are not independently captured in these conventional methods. By considering the effects of charge trapping dynamics on MOSFET operation, we present new techniques for characterizing and modeling the contributions of oxide and interface traps. Characterization is based on the rapid response of interface traps to high-frequency measurements of inverse subthreshold slope (S), for which slower oxide traps do not contribute, as their occupancy does not change at high frequencies. The modeling approach uses calculations of surface potential (ψs) to describe the distinct contributions of oxide and interface traps on BTI. Combined with capture/emission time maps, this approach describes BTI-induced ΔS, and Δ Vth stress/recovery characteristics.
Art of Dying

Everyone diagnosed with cancer will die. But then, everyone without cancer will also die. It is an inescapable fact that we all will die. What is the risk of dying at any moment in time? The first statistical analysis of the rate of risk of dying was published by the British actuary Benjamin Gompertz in 1825 (Gompertz 1825). He developed the formula now called the Gompertzian function in which the rate of risk of death increases exponentially as we age. This holds for almost all animals, from fruit flies to humans. For humans, the rate of dying doubles every 8 years. This formula is accurate for most of the human life span, but it underestimates the rate of death at very early ages and overestimates it among the very old. The current survival and death probabilities in the United States, based on US census data, was graphed by Brian Skinner on his blog Gravity and Levity (Skinner 2009). As the figures show, the risk of dying starts to rapidly rise at about age 60 (Fig. 1.1).
Spirituality and Meditative Practice: Research Opportunities and Challenges

Meditative practices have a long history in India and have influenced contemporary meditative programs elsewhere in the world. Over the last several decades, the use of meditation as a therapeutic tool has been investigated in regard to physical, emotional and behavioral effects with impressive results. In parallel to this has been a growing interest in research on spirituality, spiritual growth, and therapeutic modalities that incorporate the spiritual dimension of the person. Ironically, very little research has explored the interface between these two constructs, despite how closely linked they are traditionally. This paper addresses the range of ways in which spirituality and spiritual development might be fruitfully investigated in the context of meditative practice, bringing further understanding to both psychological constructs. Furthermore, the widely recognized significance of both meditative and spiritual experiences suggests that cross-cultural research may be particularly valuable at identifying factors that engage the universal human capacity of spirituality, and the particular potential for meditative practice in doing so.
Chapter Seven – Adolescent Rationality

Adolescents are commonly seen as irrational, a position supported to varying degrees by many developmentalists, who often appeal to recent research on adolescent brains. Careful review of relevant evidence, however, shows that (1) adults are less rational than is generally assumed, (2) adolescents (and adults) are categorically different from children with respect to the attainment of advanced levels of rationality and psychological functioning, and (3) adolescents and adults do not differ categorically from each other with respect to any rational competencies, irrational tendencies, brain structures, or neurological functioning. Development often continues in adolescence and beyond but categorical claims about adolescents as distinct from adults cannot be justified. A review of U.S. Supreme Court decisions concerning intellectual freedom, reproductive freedom, and criminal responsibility shows ongoing ambivalence and confusion about the rationality of adolescents. Developmental theory and research suggest that adolescents should be conceptualized as young adults, not immature brains, with important implications for their roles, rights, and responsibilities.
Alaskan-Type Complexes and Their Associations With Economic Mineral Deposits

Abstract Alaskan-type complexes are commonly known for their lithological zoning of mafic to ultramafic rock units. These complexes are relatively small, typically alkaline in composition and occur in linear zones along convergent tectonic zones. Multiple intrusions of ultramafic magma from the mantle wedge in a subduction zone, and diapiric updoming of crystal mushes, are acceptable mechanisms for the origin of these complexes. Associated PGE mineralization is found mostly in placers near the intrusions. Since Alaskan-type complexes are mostly crystallization products of hydrous magmas in subduction-zone environments, the crystallization is modeled to have taken place at high f O 2 conditions, in which sulfide phases are unstable. However, sulfide mineral horizons, enriched in Cu-Ni-PGE, are found in some Alaskan-type complexes and reflect assimilation of graphite-rich sedimentary rocks which lowered the f O 2 levels.
Abstract 05: Associations of Objectively-measured Sedentary Time And Physical Activity with Meeting Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control Goals in U.S. Hispanic/Latino Adults with Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (hchs/sol)

Background: Cardiovascular risk factor (RF) control is a cornerstone of diabetes management. Little is known about whether objectively-measured sedentary time and physical activity are associated with meeting RF goals in individuals with diabetes. Methods: We examined cross-sectional associations of sedentary behaviors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with meeting RF goals in 1,699 adults who self-reported diagnosed diabetes from the HCHS/SOL, a population-based cohort of US Hispanics/Latinos conducted between 2008 and 2011. Sedentary time and MVPA were assessed by Actical accelerometers for 7 days. Five RF goals were defined: HbA1c 40/50 mg/dL for men/women. Results: The mean time spent in sedentary behaviors and MVPA was 12.5 hrs/day and 17.2 mins/day, respectively. Adults with diabetes meeting greater number of RF goals spent, on average, less time in sedentary behaviors, and the odds of meeting ≥ 3 RF goals, relative to meeting zero RF goal, was 3.31 (95% CI 1.27, 7.68) times by comparing the lowest and highest tertiles of sedentary time (Figure 1). Specifically, after adjustment for potentially confounding variables and MVPA, less sedentary time was associated with increased odds of meeting HbA1c (OR for the lowest vs highest tertile of sedentary time =1.81 [1.20, 2.72]; P for trend =0.005) and triglyceride (OR =2.07 [1.34, 3.20]; P for trend =0.001) goals. MVPA was not associated with meeting any RF goals (all P for trend >0.21). Associations between sedentary time and meeting RF goals were consistent among adults meeting or not meeting MVPA recommendations. Conclusions: US Hispanics/Latino adults with diabetes who spend less sedentary time were more likely to meet RF goals, particularly HbA1c and triglyceride goals, regardless of MVPA. Our findings further emphasize the importance of reducing sedentary behaviors beyond increasing exercise in individuals with diabetes.
Counting Melanoma Mitoses

Mitogenicity an important prognostic factor in patients with thin primary cutaneous melanoma. In the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) seventh edition melanoma staging system, mitoses, ulceration and tumor thickness form the foundation for staging thin primary cutaneous melanoma. Studies demonstrating the prognostic value of mitogenicity used the “hot spot” technique for quantitation. The AJCC Melanoma Staging Committee recommends the use of the hot spot method with reports containing the number of mitoses counted in a square millimeter. This is accomplished by examination of routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE exhaustive tissue sectioning is not necessary.
The construction of emergent order, or, how to resist the temptation of hylozoism.

Hylozoism, the doctrine that nature is imbued by life even in the apparently inert and lifeless, has as one of its “appealing” features the ability to duck the perplexing issue of how life originated. By so doing, hylozoism has generated even more conundrums such as why rocks, if indeed they are actually animated, don't appear alive. Hylozoism is not so much a resolution as a way of avoiding the possibility of the emergence of the radically novel. But, hylozoism is not just a relic of the past since modern strains of its specific explanatory strategy can be detected in three examples from the study of complex systems, namely, May's and Feigenbaum's explanation of complexity and universality in “one-humped” maps, Maturana's and Varela's idea of autopoeisis, and Goertzel's notion of self-generating systems. These three explanatory strategies are analyzed as to their hylozoist cast with the result that the first is found to be appropriate to the mathematical nature of the inquiry while the second two are found wanting in the same way that hylozoism in general proves unsatisfactory as an explanation. To remedy the problems associated with a hylozoist strategy, a constructional view of the emergence of new wholes is proposed including intimations as to how this constructional process might proceed.
THE PREPARATION OF CITRULLINE BY HYDROLYSIS OF ARGININE

The theoretical hydrolysis of arginine to citrulline in vitro has been accomplished and discussed. The details for rapidly and conveniently preparing a 65 gm. quantity of citrulline with the aid of this single reaction have been presented.
Changes in Membrane Potential upon Chemotactic Stimulation of Azospirillum brasilense

Azospirillum brasilense is capable of aerotaxis (Barak et al., 1982), redox taxis (Grishanin et al., 1991), and chemotaxis towards different organic compounds (Barak et al., 1983). The aerotactic response in A. brasilense was shown to be dependent on electron flow through the redox chain and consequent changes in the proton motive force (pmf) (Grishanin et al., 1991). The functioning redox chain was shown to be responsible for producing several types of behavioral responses in bacteria including aerotaxis, phototaxis and some cases of chemotaxis. The proton motive force generated by electron transport is thought to be a parameter measured by the cell in order to produce these tactic responses (Taylor, 1983). Since A. brasilense lacks dedicated chemoreceptors or methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (Zhulin and Armitage, 1993), we propose that the main chemotaxis pathway in this bacterium might be dependent on pmf-sensing. In this paper, we present data supporting this proposal. Changes in chemotactic behavior of A. brasilense coincided with changes in membrane potential, the main component of the proton motive force.
An Iterative Algorithm to Estimate Invariant Sets for Uncertain Systems

This paper develops an iterative algorithm to estimate an invariant set for uncertain systems. The uncertain system is given as a connection of a nominal linear time-invariant system and a perturbation. The input/output behavior of the perturbation is described by integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). The proposed approach incorporates IQCs into a dissipation inequality formulation. One issue is that it is often useful to specify the IQC in the frequency domain or, equivalently, in the time-domain as a “soft” infinite-horizon constraint. However, the dissipation inequality formulation requires constraints that are valid over all finite time horizons. The main technical result is a finite-horizon bound on soft IQCs constructed using a state-feedback transformation. This forms the basis for the proposed iterative algorithm to estimate invariant sets. A simple example is provided to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Disgust, Shame, and Trauma: The Visceral and Visual Impact of Touch

This chapter examines, through the acts and images of Pope Francis touching and kissing those he approaches, the way that physical contact or the perception of it has a positive affective impact on disgust, shame, and trauma. The paper argues that a lived religious practice of touching has both visceral and visual effects. Therefore, even photos of Pope Francis embracing followers, especially those who have been marginalized by society, impel and incite corresponding behavior, regardless of whether or not viewers consider this consciously. Ultimately, the essay shows how both images of the Pope’s actions and the actions themselves offer a counter narrative to shame and trauma that includes being vulnerable, exposed, and open to the other to confront stigma, counter disgust, and ameliorate shame.