cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyll Degradation by Light in Leaf Discs in the Presence of Sugar

Leaf dises of Xanthium pensylvanicum floated on 0.01 M sucrose solutions inside Petri dishes incubated in a growth chamber at 22°G with illiumination of 3000 lux for 16 to 24 hours of light lost 90% of their chlorophyll. Similar dises floated on water under the same conditions lost 60% of their chlorophyll by the end of one week. chlorophyll degradation calculated as percent of the optical density of the original chlorophyll content accelerated with time. A minimum light intensity of 2000 lux is required for such degradation. Higher intensities accelerated chlorophyll degradation. Glucose, ribose, and xylose have effects similar to sucrose on chlorophyll destruction in the presence of light. chlorophyll degradation was found to be temperature sensitive. There is no difference in chlorophyll content in the presence or absence of sucrose at 10 °C.
Further observations on the changes in skin tests following specific pollen therapy

Abstract 1.1. Two groups of patients with ragweed hay fever were treated: one with an average of 23 doses per patient, the other with 13 doses. 2.2. In both groups good results in treatment were accompanied by a diminution of skin tests in a majority of the patients. 3.3. Good results without change in the skin tests occurred in 18 per cent of all the cases. 4.4. Poor results even though the skin tests were diminished occurred in 11 per cent of all the cases. 5.5. It is doubtful whether relief of symptoms and reduction of skin tests can depend upon a common basis. 6.6. The reduction of the skin test does not depend upon the size of the final dose. 7.7. The reduction of skin tests is not necessarily a specific effect. 8.8. The skin test as now performed is only a crude index of the degree of clinical sensitiveness. 9.9. It is, however, a useful guide in the treatment of hay fever.
A neural network model for traffic controls in multistage interconnection networks

Summary form only given. A neural network model for data traffic controls in multistage interconnection networks is discussed. The goal of the neural network model is to find conflict-free traffic flows to be transmitted among given I/O traffic demands in order to maximize the network throughput. The model requires n/sup 2/ processing elements for the traffic control in an n*n multistage interconnection network. The model runs not only on a sequential machine but also on a parallel machine with maximally n/sup 2/ processors. The model was verified by solving ten 32*32 network problems. >
The Evolving Management of Venous Bullet Emboli: A case series and literature review

Bullet emboli are an infrequent and unique complication of penetrating trauma. Complications of venous and arterial bullet emboli can be devastating and commonly include limb-threatening ischaemia,pulmonary embolism, cardiac valvular incompetence, and cerebrovascular accidents. Bullets from penetrating wounds can gain access to the venous circulation and embolise to nearly every large vascular bed. Venous emboli are often occult phenomenon and may remain unrecognised until migration leads to vascular injury or flow obstruction with resultant oedema. The majority of arterial emboli present early with end-organ or limb ischaemia. We describe four separate cases involving venous bullet embolism and the subsequent management of each case. Review of the literature focusing on the reported management of these injuries, comparison of techniques of management, as well as the evolving role of endovascular techniques in the management of bullet emboli is provided.
Network design consideration of a satellite-based mobile communications system

Technical considerations for the Mobile Satellite Experiment (MSAT-X), the ground segment testbed for the low-cost spectral efficient satellite-based mobile communications technologies being developed for the 1990's, are discussed. The Network Management Center contains a flexible resource sharing algorithm, the Demand Assigned Multiple Access scheme, which partitions the satellite transponder bandwidth among voice, data, and request channels. Satellite use of multiple UHF beams permits frequency reuse. The backhaul communications and the Telemetry, Tracking and Control traffic are provided through a single full-coverage SHF beam. Mobile Terminals communicate with the satellite using UHF. All communications including SHF-SHF between Base Stations and/or Gateways, are routed through the satellite. Because MSAT-X is an experimental network, higher level network protocols (which are service-specific) will be developed only to test the operation of the lowest three levels, the physical, data link, and network layers.
Lung mast cell density defines a subpopulation of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Aims The relationship of mast cells to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis remains undefined despite recognition of their presence in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. This study was performed to characterize the relationship of mast cells to fibrotic lung diseases.
The Rotunda of Sancta Maria in Dijon as Ostwerk

L'Eglise de Saint-Benigne de Dijon a une rotonde orientale dedicacee en 1018 a la Vierge Marie. Pour l'A., cette rotonde n'a pas fait l'objet d'une liturgie pascale comme la rotonde occidentale carolingienne. Elle a ete utilisee, la plupart du temps, lors des processions des jours de fetes de la Vierge et pour la fete de la nativite du Christ.
O-Balance Sheet Financing and Bank Capital Regulation: Lessons from Asset-Backed Commercial Paper

Many shadow banks rely heavily on bank-sponsored private credit and liquidity support, not government guarantees. The nancial crisis demonstrated that bank capital regulation cannot be eective without explicitly considering these facilities. Using a continuous time model with maturity mismatch and bank moral hazard, I study the impact of credit and liquidity guarantees on bank capital structure. I focus on a particular type of shadow banking called asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP). When banks provide credit guarantees to ABCP conduits, assuming that the validity of the guarantees is ensured by rating agencies, the commercial paper becomes risk free and is always priced at par. Rolling over the commercial paper is thus costless, so that frequently rolling over the short term ABCP to fund long term assets|a maturity mismatch| has no impact on bank value. Regulators can eliminate a bank’s moral hazard by imposing a simple capital ratio requirement. However, the capital ratio requirement is no longer valid if banks use liquidity guarantees in their ABCP conduit funding because the funding maturity becomes important. Moreover, a liquidity guarantee becomes as costly as a credit guarantee when the maturity shortens. Using Moody’s ABCP conduit data, I conrm that shorter ABCP maturity causes the bank’s return to be more sensitive to the conduit credit loss. Thus, when banks have signicant
Epidural steroid injections: an updated review on recent trends in safety and complications

Epidural steroid injections (ESIs), which can provide significant but temporary pain relief in well-selected patients, are the most commonly performed procedure in pain management. The anatomy of the epidural space provides a framework for understanding risks associated with ESIs, a topic relevant to both patients and physicians in interventional pain, surgery and primary care. Safety considerations of epidural steroids include drug preparation and myriad physiological effects stemming from steroid exposure. Although major complications associated with ESI occur rarely, potentially catastrophic events resulting from infectious, hematologic and neurologic morbidity may lead to permanent injury. The safety profile of ESIs may improve with development and dissemination of sound injection technique, safer compounds manufactured in a sterile manner and deficient of thromboembolic potential and the application of existing technology.
Note Taking and Note Sharing While Browsing Campaign Information

Participants were observed while searching and browsing the internet for campaign information in a mock-voting situation in three online note-taking conditions: No Notes, Private Notes, and Shared Notes. Note taking significantly influenced the manner in which participants browsed for information about candidates. Note taking competed for time and cognitive resources and resulted in less thorough browsing. Effects were strongest when participants thought that their notes would be seen by others. Think-aloud comments indicated that participants were more evaluative when taking notes, especially shared notes. Our results suggest that there could be design trade-offs between eDemocracy and e-Participation technologies.
Correlates and Long-Term Outcomes of Angiographically Proven Stent Thrombosis With Sirolimus- and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents

Background— Stent thrombosis (ST) is a serious complication of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation regardless of the timing (acute, subacute, or late). The correlates of ST with DES are not yet completely elucidated. Methods and Results— From a total cohort of 2974 consecutive patients treated with DES since April 2003, we identified 38 patients who presented with angiographic evidence of ST (1.27%). The ST occurred acutely in 5 patients, subacutely (≤30 days) in 25 patients, and late (>30 days) in 8 patients. The clinical, angiographic, and procedural variables of these patients were compared with the remaining 2936 consecutive patients who underwent DES implantation and did not experience ST during a follow-up of 12 months. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlates of ST. Compared with patients without ST, patients with ST had a higher frequency of diabetes, acute postprocedural renal failure, and chronic renal failure. There were more bifurcation lesions, type C lesions, ...
Critical Glycosylated Residues in Exon Three of Erythrocyte Glycophorin A Engage Plasmodium falciparum EBA-175 and Define Receptor Specificity

ABSTRACT Erythrocyte invasion is an essential step in the pathogenesis of malaria. The erythrocyte binding-like (EBL) family of Plasmodium falciparum proteins recognizes glycophorins (Gp) on erythrocytes and plays a critical role in attachment during invasion. However, the molecular basis for specific receptor recognition by each parasite ligand has remained elusive, as is the case with the ligand/receptor pair P. falciparum EBA-175 (PfEBA-175)/GpA. This is due largely to difficulties in producing properly glycosylated and functional receptors. Here, we developed an expression system to produce recombinant glycosylated and functional GpA, as well as mutations and truncations. We identified the essential binding region and determinants for PfEBA-175 engagement, demonstrated that these determinants are required for the inhibition of parasite growth, and identified the glycans important in mediating the PfEBA-175–GpA interaction. The results suggest that PfEBA-175 engages multiple glycans of GpA encoded by exon 3 and that the presentation of glycans is likely required for high-avidity binding. The absence of exon 3 in GpB and GpE due to a splice site mutation confers specific recognition of GpA by PfEBA-175. We speculate that GpB and GpE may have arisen due to selective pressure to lose the PfEBA-175 binding site in GpA. The expression system described here has wider application for examining other EBL members important in parasite invasion, as well as additional pathogens that recognize glycophorins. The ability to define critical binding determinants in receptor-ligand interactions, as well as a system to genetically manipulate glycosylated receptors, opens new avenues for the design of interventions that disrupt parasite invasion. IMPORTANCE Plasmodium falciparum uses distinct ligands that bind host cell receptors for invasion of red blood cells (RBCs) during malaria infection. A key entry pathway involves P. falciparum EBA-175 (PfEBA-175) recognizing glycophorin A (GpA) on RBCs. Despite knowledge of this protein-protein interaction, the complete mechanism for specific receptor engagement is not known. PfEBA-175 recognizes GpA but is unable to engage the related RBC receptor GpB or GpE. Understanding the necessary elements that enable PfEBA-175 to specifically recognize GpA is critical in developing specific and potent inhibitors of PfEBA-175 that disrupt host cell invasion and aid in malaria control. Here, we describe a novel system to produce and manipulate the host receptor GpA. Using this system, we probed the elements in GpA necessary for engagement and thus for host cell invasion. These studies have important implications for understanding how ligands and receptors interact and for the future development of malaria interventions.
Empirical pathway analysis, without permutation.

SUMMARY Resampling-based expression pathway analysis techniques have been shown to preserve type I error rates, in contrast to simple gene-list approaches that implicitly assume the independence of genes in ranked lists. However, resampling is intensive in computation time and memory requirements. We describe accurate analytic approximations to permutations of score statistics, including novel approaches for Pearson’s correlation, and summed score statistics, that have good performance for even relatively small sample sizes. Our approach preserves the essence of permutation pathway analysis, but with greatly reduced computation. Extensions for inclusion of covariates and censored data are described, and we test the performance of our procedures using simulations based on real datasets. These approaches have been implemented in the new R package safeExpress.
Activation of the central nervous system induced by micro-magnetic stimulation

Electrical and transcranial magnetic stimulation have proven to be therapeutically beneficial for patients suffering from neurological disorders. Moreover, these stimulation technologies have provided invaluable tools for investigating nervous system functions. Despite this success, these technologies have technical and practical limitations impeding the maximization of their full clinical and preclinical potential. Recently, micro-magnetic stimulation, which may offer advantages over electrical and transcranial magnetic stimulation, has proven effective in activating the neuronal circuitry of the retina in vitro. Here we demonstrate that this technology is also capable of activating neuronal circuitry on a systems level using an in vivo preparation. Specifically, the application of micro-magnetic fields to the dorsal cochlear nucleus activates inferior colliculus neurons. Additionally, we demonstrate the efficacy and characteristics of activation using different magnetic stimulation parameters. These findings provide a rationale for further exploration of micro-magnetic stimulation as a prospective tool for clinical and preclinical applications.
Once-Daily Amikacin Dosing in Burn Patients Treated With Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration

Amikacin clearance can be increased in burn injury, which is often complicated by renal insufficiency. Little is known about the impact of renal replacement therapies, such as continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), on amikacin pharmacokinetics. We retrospectively examined the clinical pharmacokinetics, bacteriology, and clinical outcomes of 60 burn patients given 15 mg/kg of body weight of amikacin in single daily doses. Twelve were treated with concurrent CVVH therapy, and 48 were not. The pharmacodynamic target of ≥10 for the maximum concentration of drug in serum divided by the MIC (C(max)/MIC) was achieved in only 8.5% of patients, with a small reduction of C(max) in patients receiving CVVH and no difference in amikacin clearance. Mortality and burn size were greater in patients who received CVVH. Overall, 172 Gram-negative isolates were recovered from the blood cultures of 39 patients, with amikacin MIC data available for 82 isolates from 24 patients. A 10,000-patient Monte Carlo simulation was conducted incorporating pharmacokinetic and MIC data from these patients. The cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was similar in CVVH and non-CVVH patients. The CFR rates were not significantly improved by a theoretical 20 mg/kg amikacin dose. Overall, CVVH did not appear to have a major impact on amikacin serum concentrations. The low pharmacodynamic target attainment appears to be primarily due to higher amikacin MICs rather than more rapid clearance of amikacin related to CVVH therapy.
Differential Cerebrovascular Toxicity of Various Tobacco Products: A Regulatory Perspective.

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a dynamic anatomical interface that separates brain parenchyma from blood circulation and is principally constituted by the cerebral microcapillary endothelial cells [1,2]. BBB is composed of distinct structural and functional organization through the presence of inter-endothelial tight junction complexes, abundant expression of nutrient and efflux transporters including metabolically active sites. While the TJ complexes tightly seal the paracellular gaps and contribute to high resistance of BBB [3], the presence of specific nutrient transporters and receptor systems selectively regulate the delivery of metabolic substrates, nutrients and macromolecules to the brain. In addition, efflux transporters belonging to the ABC superfamily prevent the brain permeation of blood-borne neurotoxic chemicals including xenobiotics and eliminates the accumulation of toxic metabolites within the brain parenchyma [1]. Taken together, the BBB serves as a physiological, transport and metabolic barrier that critically regulates ion, molecular and cellular flux into the brain, thus maintaining the CNS microenvironment for optimal neuronal function [2]. Importantly, impairment of BBB integrity by various exogenous or endogenous pathological stimuli involving increased load of oxidative/inflammatory stress in the neurovascular unit, is a potential mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of a host of neurologic and degenerative disorders [3,4].
Pancreatic Cancer: Highlights from the 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2006

Despite advances in our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of pancreatic cancer, the disease remains a clinical challenge. Gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, offers modest improvement of tumor-related symptoms and marginal advantage of survival. New approaches, alone and in combination with gemcitabine, are being developed to combat this cancer. Combination chemotherapy trials incorporating gemcitabine, cisplatin, 5- fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan generally show improved outcomes in objective response rates but with little or no improvement in survival in phase III trials. In this article, the author describes the key studies presented at the Annual Meeting of ASCO, held in Atlanta, GA from June 2nd to 6th. The studies discussed here include the following: RTOG 9704 (#4007), FFCDSFRO study (#4008), meta-analysis of gemcitabine plus cisplatin and gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin vs. gemcitabine alone (GERCOR #4003), and ECOG 6201 (Late Breaking Abstract #4004). Based on the results presented at the annual meeting, it comes to us that patients with locally advanced vs. metastatic pancreatic cancer should be studied separately, better understanding of the biology of pancreatic cancer is mandatory and evaluation of novel agents is crucial. We as oncologist have to change our attitudes towards clinical trials and need to think beyond a trial design such as gemcitabine vs. drug of our choice. Environment within which research is being conducted also has to be changed and last but not the least, access to trials for patients with pancreatic cancer is the key step in the fight against pancreatic cancer.
Using the theory of planned behavior to predict college students' intention to intervene with a suicidal individual

Abstract. Background: Suicide among college students is an issue of serious concern. College peers may effectively intervene with at-risk persons due to their regular contact and close personal relationships with others in this population of significantly enhanced risk. Aims: The current study was designed to investigate whether the theory of planned behavior constructs predicted intention to intervene when a college peer is suicidal. Method: Undergraduate students (n = 367) completed an on-line questionnaire; they answered questions about their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control regarding suicide and suicide intervention, as well as their intention to intervene when someone is suicidal. The data were analyzed using multiple regression. Results: The statistical significance of this cross-sectional study indicates that the theory of planned behavior constructs predicts self-reported intention to intervene with a suicidal individual. Conclusion: Theory of planned behavior is an effect...
Down-regulation of the cGMP/PKG pathway in primary human colon cancers and cancer cell lines

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 2330 There is increasing evidence that activation of the cGMP-dependent enzyme protein kinase G (PKG) can play an important role in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. The intracellular level of cGMP is regulated through a dynamic balance between its rate of synthesis by guanylyl cyclases (GCs) and its degradation by specific cGMP-phosphodiesterases (PDEs), especially PDEs 2 and 5. In previous studies we found that cGMP-PDE inhibitors, a GC activator, and constitutively activated mutants of PKG Iβ induced apoptosis in SW480 human colon cancer cells (Deguchi et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 1, 803-809, 2002, and Cancer Res. 64, 3966-3973, 2004). However, the actual profile of components of the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway in human cancers has not been previously studied in detail. In this study, we examined by western blot analysis cellular levels of PDE5, PKG Iβ and phospho-VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein), a marker of PKG activation, in 19 pairs of primary human colon carcinomas and paired adjacent normal colonic mucosa. PKG Iβ was decreased in 54%, PDE5 was increased in 58%, and phospho-VASP was decreased in 89% of the colon tumors. We also did similar assays in several cell lines. When compared to the normal human fetal colon cell line CCD841CoN cells, PDE5 was increased and phospho-VASP was decreased in the colon cancer cell lines SW480, SW620, and DLD1. When compared to MCF-10F normal human mammary epithelial cells, MCF7 human breast cancer cells also displayed an increase in expression of PDE5 and decreased levels of PKG Iβ and phospho-VASP. Furthermore, ras- and raf-transformed Rat6 fibroblasts displayed decreased levels of PKG Iβ and increased levels of PDE5 when compared with the parental Rat6 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that down-regulation of cGMP/PKG-mediated signaling pathways often occurs during tumorigenesis and cell transformation. These results are consistent with previous evidence indicating that agents that increase the activation of PKG can inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, and provide a rationale for the further development of such agents as a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
Bias-Temperature-Stress Response of Commercially-Available SiC Power MOSFETs

The stability of the threshold voltage of commercial SiC MOSFETs from two device manufactures has been evaluated and compared when subject to positive and negative bias-temperature-stress conditions. For both device groupings, the worse-case stress occurred under negative bias temperature conditions with VGS = –15 V and a stress temperature of 200 °C. Devices in the Vendor A grouping exhibited acceleration in their bias-temperature-stress response that occurred earlier in time as a strong function of stress-temperature and to a lesser degree on gate-bias magnitude. Devices in the Vendor B grouping showed some evidence of acceleration, but only for the worse-case stress condition. Threshold voltage shifts for this device group were very low and extremely stable, with recorded values below 0.4 V for most conditions.
Valuing Community Attributes in Rural Counties of West Virginia Using Data Envelopment Analysis

As quality of life measures are related to increased economic activity, it becomes increasingly important to develop indicators as accurate measures of the well-being of the residents in a community. This study use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyze community attributes of rural counties in West Virginia using variables determining quality of life. County level data is used to identify counties that are inefficient as measured in terms of socioeconomic factors. Desirable community attributes such as employment, median household income, median house value, health index, number of personal care establishments, and number of high school graduates were used as output variables. Input variables representing the undesirable characteristics of counties include population density, unemployment rate, per capita tax, number of persons below poverty, and crime rate. The analysis seeks to determine efficiency levels in the rural areas of the State. The results show that majority of the rural counties in the State lie on the efficiency frontier, while others are classified to be inefficient. The research findings that can be used as indicators of community performance and to evaluate counties in terms of creating quality of life are of interest to policy makers. Keywords: data envelopment analysis, community attributes, output variables, input variables, efficiency levels, quality of life, principal components analysis
Progress in the Evolution of Systemic Sclerosis Classification Criteria and Recommendation for Additional Comparative Specificity Studies

Sensitivity and specificity performance of the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for systemic sclerosis (SSc)1,2 were assessed by Hoffmann-Vold, et al in this issue of The Journal 3. Sensitivity was tested in 425 consecutive, representative patients with SSc seen at the Oslo University Hospital and compared to the original 1980 American Rheumatism Association (now ACR) preliminary criteria for definite SSc4 and the subsequent 2001 criteria for early SSc proposed by LeRoy and Medsger5. Sensitivity (also called the true positive percent) is a binary classification measure of performance function, which indicates the proportion of all true cases in the study cohort who satisfy criteria. The 425 SSc cases analyzed in the Norwegian study satisfied either the 1980 ACR criteria for certain diagnosis or the 2001 LeRoy and Medsger criteria for early disease3. Specificity of the 2013 criteria was tested in a Norwegian nationwide cohort of 178 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Specificity (also called the true negative percent) indicates the proportion of the comparative or control subjects, like those having MCTD, who do not satisfy a criteria set. SSc is a heterogeneous, multisystem, and multistage disorder marked by variable expression in its patterns of presentation and course of disease. Its pathogenesis is believed to differ from Raynaud disease and several of the other systemic connective tissue diseases (CTD), as do systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). However, MCTD has frequent overlapping clinical features with SSc6,7. A vexing classification issue for SSc criteria development is how to deal with MCTD patients whose diagnosis depends heavily upon the presence of high titer antibody to U1RNP rather than a typical clinical profile7. Analytical complexity can arise in comparing … Address correspondence to Dr. Masi; E-mail: amasi{at}uic.edu
Standards that reflect the growth of a professional discipline into a community of integrated healthcare

Professional standards are created to guide professional practice, enhance quality of care, improve outcomes, and successfully fulfill regulatory and accrediting criteria. The bridge between medici...
AUTHORITARIANISM AND CANDIDATE PREFERENCE.

Summary.-20 male, Caucasian undergraduates were administerecl the Cali€ornia F scale of aurhoriwrianism and subsequently asked for their preference berween the two major cnndidates in the 1764 United States presidential election. Splitting the sample at the median F-scale score, it was found that the higher scorers preferred Goldwater over Johnson, while the lower scorers preferret1 Johnson over Goldwater. During and preceding the 1964 United States presidential campaign the candidates of the two major parties acquired somewhat contrasting images. The Republican candidate, Barry M. Goldwater, was portrayed as a man who stood for traditional values and mores, who could offer simple solutions to domestic and foreign problems, and who held fast to personal convictions and ideals. The Democratic candidate, Lyndon B. Johnson, was presented as a man who favored social change, who emphasized the subtle and complex aspects of problematic events, and who tended to adopt expedient rather than prescribed means to ends. Inasmuch as the "authoritcrian personality" as depicted by Adorno, FrenkelBrunswik, Levinson, and Sanford ( 1950) manifests a high degree of culcural conformity, a prominent need for situational stmcture, and a strong attraction to zealous leadership, it was hypothesized that the Goldwater image contained elements of greater appeal to individuals with authoritarian tendencies than did the Johnson image. It was consequently predicted that individuals who scored relatively high on the California F scale of authoritarianism (Adorno, et al., 1950) would support the candidacy of Goldwater and, conversely, that relatively low F-scale scorers would support Johnson. Method.-Ten days prior to the election 20 male, Caucasian, introductory psychology students were administered the F scale (Form 40). Upon completion of the scale Ss were, in a matter-of-fact fashion, asked for their preference between the two candidates, Goldwater and Johnson. result^.-F-scale scores ranged from 1.93 to 4.53. The sample was split at the median into a High F-score group (M = 3.77) and a Low F-score group
The Average Distance Between Points in Geometric Figures

(1997). The Average Distance Between Points in Geometric Figures. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 187-197.
Breaking through the central tolerance ceiling to unleash anticancer immune responses

Central thymic tolerance mechanisms create a formidable barrier against the generation of self-reactive T cells. While preventing autoimmunity, this barrier also limits an effective antitumor immunological response. We recently reported that anti-RANKL blocking antibody breaches this central tolerance barrier, thus increasing the repertoire of melanoma reactive T cells. Thus, central tolerance blockade may be an effective therapeutic strategy to enhance anticancer immunity.
Brain Trauma, Contrecoup

Contrecoup brain trauma occurs in the settings of closed head injury, where the force of an impact moves the intracranial contents away from the original site of the blow. When the contents are suddenly stopped by the skull on the opposite side, a parenchymal injury occurs. The resulting traumatic injury can include contusions, epidural hematomas, and subarachnoid hemorrhage and may necessitate surgical treatment.
Andrology: Epididymal sperm aspiration with assisted reproductive techniques: difference between congenital and acquired obstructive azoospermia?

From July 1992 to May 1994, 31 cases of obstructive azoospermia-induced infertility underwent 35 epididymal sperm aspiration procedures and assisted reproductive techniques. These included in-vitro fertilization (IVF), zygote intra-Fallopian transfer (ZIFT), subzonal insemination (SUZI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with embryo transfer or tubal embryos transfer. The motile spermatozoa were retrieved using a gauge 24 Medicut cannula and flush medium. Total oocyte fertilization rate was 23.4% and the clinical pregnancy rate was 12.5% (four out of 32 treatment cycles). Congenital absence of the vas deferens was found in 16 cases (51.6%) and secondary genital duct obstruction was present in 15 cases (48.4%). In all, 29 aspirations were retrieved from the caput of the epididymis and six from the epididymal body or tail. The fertilization rate for the caput spermatozoa was much less than that for other areas of the epididymis (P < 0.05). Though there were no predictable differences in fertilization rates between the congenital and acquired groups, by using epididymal spermatozoa for assisted reproduction, the congenital group seemed to have a stronger tendency to achieve pregnancy (20 versus 5.9%).
The chest X-ray findings of 278 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in old age

Objective: To detect the imaging characteristics of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in old people in order to improve diagnosis.Methods: 278 patients(age range:60-92) with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed in the clinic and imaging characteristics of radiological photograph.Results: Among 278 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis,the lesions were distributed bilateral lung in 168 cases(60.43%).The lesions were found lower right lung in 161 cases(57.91%).The lesions were found lower left lung in 113 cases(40.65%).Fibrosis as the predominantly was seen in 169 cases(60.79%).The cavity,pleural change were found in 38.49% and 56.12%,respectively.Conclusion: The main imaging characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in old age include diffuse fibrosis and cavity.The old age is different from other people in position and distribution range of lesion,which may help clinicians with early diagnosis and management of the Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Utterance Topic Model for Generating Coherent Summaries

Generating short multi-document summaries has received a lot of focus recently and is useful in many respects including summarizing answers to a question in an online scenario like Yahoo! Answers. The focus of this paper is to attempt to dene a new probabilistic topic model that includes the semantic roles of the words in the document generation process. Words always carry syntactic and semantic information and often such information, for e.g., the grammatical and semantic role (henceforth GSR) of a word like Subject, Verb, Object, Adjective qualiers, WordNet and VerbNet role assignments etc. is carried across adjacent sentences to enhance local coherence in dierent parts of a document. A statistical topic model like LDA[5] usually models topics as distributions over the word count vocabulary only. We posit that a document could rst be topic modeled over a vocabulary of GSR transitions and then corresponding to each transition, words and and hence sentences can be sampled to best describe the transition. Thus the topics in the proposed model also lend themselves to be distributions over the GSR transitions implicitly. We also later show how this basic model can be extended to a model for query focused summarization where for a particular query, sentences can be ranked by a product of thematical salience and coherence through GSR transitions. We empirically show that the new topic model had lower test set perplexity than LDA and we also analyze the performance of our summarization model using the ROUGE[13] on DUC2005 dataset 1 and PYRAMID[17] on the TAC2008 2 and TAC2009 3 datasets.
Angiomyolipoma: diagnosis and treatment.

AbstractFour cases of renal angiomyolipoma are presented, 3 of which were diagnosed in non-tuberous sclerosis patients. In 1 case diagnosis was made preoperatively and in another case it was made intraoperatively, allowing for preservation of functioning renal parenchyma. The second successful kidney transplant in a patient with tuberous sclerosis and renal failure is reported. One cannot always differentiate renal angiomyolipomas from adenocarcinoma. However, if the classical angiographic findings of sacculated pseudo-aneurysms supplied by the interlobular and interlobar arteries are present non-operative observation or limited surgery with preservation of renal tissue is possible. Also, knowledge of the gross pathologic appearance and the syndrome of tuberous sclerosis will allow one to make a preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis with confidence.
The Eye Meets ET: Animating Orlando

AbstractThis promotional article reveals information about the International Visual Literacy Association (TVLA) past, discusses current concerns regarding the role visuals play in life and learning, and presents a challenge for the future growth and professional influence of our organization. IVLA has been an affiliate of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) for many years, and the coordination of their annual meetings this October in Orlando, Florida, provides numerous opportunities for discourse and collaboration. This article reminds us about some of these mutual interest areas and of our goals as professionals interested in the use of visuals for learning and life. Mostly, it is an inspirational essay meant to encourage people to attend the conference.
Conducting a Prospective Review for Enhanced Interface Features for Unmanned Ground Vehicle Operation

When developing new interface features, it is vital to consider the perspectives of users from several backgrounds throughout the process, in order to ensure features that address realistic user concerns in effective ways. The Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) and an established user acceptance questionnaire were used to evaluate the predicted usability and acceptability of four enhanced interface features for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) operation. The targeted interface is designed for use in real-world and simulated environments. Although the SHERPA results alone did not clearly distinguish between interface enhancements, the user acceptance results from team members converged on a single ‘best’ interface enhancement for supporting collision avoidance and navigation, based on assessments using early mock-ups in a simulated environment.
Active Learning of Joint Attention

Joint attention is the skill of attending to the same object another person is looking at. The acquisition of this skill is crucial in children for the development of many social and communicative abilities, and has been proposed as a critical social capability for interactive robots. Although recent attempts to model the acquisition of this skill on a robot have been moderately successful (Nagai et al., 2003; Triesch et al., 2006), they all assume that the robot remains passive during the learning process. Infants, on the other hand, have already acquired some rudimentary sensorimotor skills by the time they start to learn joint attention. We believe that these sensorimotor skills can jumpstart and considerably accelerate the learning of joint attention. In this paper we demonstrate on a humanoid robot how to use pointing and reaching to accelerate the learning of joint attention. We show that a robot can acquire this skill with a 95 % accuracy after a total of only 220 training samples compared to 85% accuracy after totals of 10,000+ samples in other approaches.
Safe at Home: Considering a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases as a State Constitutional Matter

In November 2017, the voters of the state of New York will decide whether to hold a constitutional convention. This Chapter explores the legal and policy arguments for an amendment to the state constitution to recognize, in that constitution, an explicit right to counsel in civil cases where fundamental human needs are at stake. Such a constitutional right would be the first recognized in a state constitution in the United States and could lead the way for more states to do the same. This Chapter attempts to articulate the legal and policy arguments for doing so.
Improving Wayfinding for Older Users With Selective Attention Deficits.

Older adults experience difficulties with navigating their environments and may need to rely on signs more heavily than younger adults. However, older adults also experience difficulties with focusing their visual attention, which suggests that signs need to be designed with the goal of making it as easy as possible to attend to them. This article discusses some design principles that may be especially important to compensate for declining attentional focus. These principles include distinctiveness, consistent appearance and location, standardized images, simplicity, isolation from other elements of the environment, and reassurance about the current route.
The legacy of the Information Competencies for Students in Design Disciplines

Information Competencies for Students in Design Disciplines compiled, for the first time in the US, a list of core information literacy skills for design students. Divided into basic, intermediate, and advanced skills in each design discipline, it helped to define and delimit information literacy skills in these subjects, and were intended to facilitate a systematic means of integrating information literacy skills into the core curriculum of design courses. Closely related to the ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education, Information Competencies were written by a group of art and design librarians (Jeanne Brown, Jane Carlin, Thomas Caswell, Edith Crowe, Maya Gervits, Susan Lewis, Alan Michelson, Barbara Opar and Jennifer Parker) and published by ARLIS/NA in 2006 (rev. 2007). This article is personal reflection by one of its authors on its legacy ten years after publication.
Direct observation of multimode solitons in few-mode optical fiber

We experimentally observe Raman shifted multimode solitons in few-mode graded-index fiber. They display spatiotemporal properties that depend on the specific launch conditions. Multimode solitons exhibit energy-volume relations distinct from both single-mode and spatiotemporal solitons.
Professional Malpractice in a World of Amateurs

An increasing number of tasks once reserved to lawyers are now being performed by non-lawyers. That reality seems likely to continue. The question then becomes against what standard of performance such “amateur” practice should be assessed. One answer might be that a non-lawyer should be guilty of malpractice if the work is performed below the level of quality to which a lawyer would be held. This paper argues that the work should instead be judged against the standard of performance the non-lawyer purported to be able to deliver.
Reorganizing Polymer Chains with Cyclodextrins

During the past several years, we have been utilizing cyclodextrins (CDs) to nanostructure polymers into bulk samples whose chain organizations, properties, and behaviors are quite distinct from neat bulk samples obtained from their solutions and melts. We first form non-covalently bonded inclusion complexes (ICs) between CD hosts and guest polymers, where the guest chains are highly extended and separately occupy the narrow channels (~0.5⁻1.0 nm in diameter) formed by the columnar arrangement of CDs in the IC crystals. Careful removal of the host crystalline CD lattice from the polymer-CD-IC crystals leads to coalescence of the guest polymer chains into bulk samples, which we have repeatedly observed to behave distinctly from those produced from their solutions or melts. While amorphous polymers coalesced from their CD-ICs evidence significantly higher glass-transition temperatures, Tgs, polymers that crystallize generally show higher melting and crystallization temperatures (Tms, Tcs), and some-times different crystalline polymorphs, when they are coalesced from their CD-ICs. Formation of CD-ICs containing two or more guest homopolymers or with block copolymers can result in coalesced samples which exhibit intimate mixing between their common homopolymer chains or between the blocks of the copolymer. On a more practically relevant level, the distinct organizations and behaviors observed for polymer samples coalesced from their CD-ICs are found to be stable to extended annealing at temperatures above their Tgs and Tms. We believe this is a consequence of the structural organization of the crystalline polymer-CD-ICs, where the guest polymer chains included in host-IC crystals are separated and confined to occupy the narrow channels formed by the host CDs during IC crystallization. Substantial degrees of the extended and un-entangled natures of the IC-included chains are apparently retained upon coalescence, and are resistant to high temperature annealing. Following the careful removal of the host CD lattice from each randomly oriented IC crystal, the guest polymer chains now occupying a much-reduced volume may be somewhat "nematically" oriented, resulting in a collection of randomly oriented "nematic" regions of largely extended and un-entangled coalesced guest chains. The suggested randomly oriented nematic domain organization of guest polymers might explain why even at high temperatures their transformation to randomly-coiling, interpenetrated, and entangled melts might be difficult. In addition, the behaviors and uses of polymers coalesced from their CD-ICs are briefly described and summarized here, and we attempted to draw conclusions from and relationships between their behaviors and the unique chain organizations and conformations achieved upon coalescence.
Using Deep Learning Based Approaches for Bearing Remaining Useful Life Prediction

Traditional data driven prognostics requires establishing explicit model equations and much prior knowledge about signal processing techniques and prognostic expertise, and therefore is limited in the age of big data. This paper presents a deep learning based approach for bearing remaining useful life (RUL) prediction with big data. This approach has the ability to automatically extract important features that can be used for RUL predictions. The presented approach is tested and validated using data collected from bearing run-to-failure tests and compared with existing PHM methods. The test results show the promising bearing RUL prediction performance of the deep learning based approach.
Islands in the Sky and Elsewhere

The Monteverde Cloud Forest of Costa Rica is considered to be one of the Western Hemisphere’s premiere reserves of biodiversity. It sits around 100 north of the equator and near the continental divide at an elevation above 1,000 m (3,300 feet), where it is often enshrouded in clouds. The cloudwater condenses on the trees, rocks, and anything else that happens to be present, supplying vast quantities of water to the forest. There one can find around 50 species of hummingbirds in addition to perhaps another 350 bird species, plus tree ferns, orchids, bromeliads, butterflies, and amphibians. Among the last category was a small, iridescently bright yellow toad. The so-called golden toad of Monteverde used to be found in the montane forest of the region. Sadly, it became extinct around 20 years ago. Gold-colored frogs do occur elsewhere on the planet, but the specific species Bufo periglenes, the Monteverde golden toad, exists nowhere else, not even on adjacent mountains in Costa Rica.
On the Relationship between Protein Conformation and Enzyme-Substrate Covalent Bond Formation in Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Recently a great deal of attention has been focused on subunit interactions in polymeric enzymes. Following Adair’s original discovery of cooperative 02 binding in hemoglobin (1), a large and growing list of proteins have been found to exhibit some type of subunit interaction (2,3). Several very elegant models have been pronosed to explain these effects but it now appears that no one model can adequately describe all of the varied behavior observed.
Separation of External Magnetic Signal for Induction Studies

Magnetic satellites offer highly improved capabilities for studies of Earth’s mantle electrical conductivity, but the necessary separation of the external forcing signal from all other field contributions requires good models of the main, crustal, and ionospheric fields. We use the updated comprehensive field model [5] to remove the unwanted field contributions and fit the remaining magnetospheric ring current signal with a simple axial dipolar structure. These preparatory steps for an induction study show that while the comprehensive model is generally well suited for the separation, there are still limitations in both the model and the CHAMP data.