cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Educating American Muslim Leadership (Men and Women) for the Twenty‐First Century

Abstract. Educating and training Muslim men and women leaders who are capable of effectively navigating the multi-ethnic and multi-religious terrain in America – particularly in the post 9–11 milieu – requires the development of a new critical American Muslim pedagogy. This new pedagogy, centered in Islamic epistemology and ontology, should selectively appropriate the best of traditional Muslim educational paradigms and modalities used over time. However, the traditional Muslim model must not be reified, but rather be subjected to a sharp critique which maintains the richness of its spiritual and intellectual legacy but rejects teachings and interpretations used to create false dichotomies resulting in binary constructs, particularly those which pit Muslims against the west. Finally, the new critical American Muslim pedagogy must embrace all of the best discursive practices (e.g., pedagogies of Freire and others) that engage us in a critical analysis of the way in which power and privilege, even in religious communities, operate to marginalize and suppress women, minorities, and people of color.
Macromolecular degradation products of bovine plasma albumin

Abstract With the aid of a recording interferometer, gradient elution chromatograms from diethylaminoethylcellulose were obtained for chymotrypsin, for bovine plasma albumin, and for dialyzed chymotrypsin- and hydrochloric acid-hydrolyzates of bovine plasma albumin. In the case of the hydrolyzates by chymotrypsin, fractions collected at 1.2-ml. intervals were subjected to molecular-weight determinations with the Archibald technique. The hydrolyzates were also examined electrophoretically. From the combined data of the chromatographic recorder and the ultracentrifuge it was possible to construct molecular-weight-distribution curves for the dialyzed hydrolyzates. Hydrolysis of bovine plasma albumin by chymotrypsin for 24 hr. at 37 °C. was found to lead to macromolecular products containing about 10% of a peptide material of molecular weight 19,000, and small amounts of materials with molecular weights higher than that of albumin, in addition to a preponderant amount of material having the molecular weight of albumin. Electrophoresis of this hydrolyzate also demonstrated the presence of two major components.
Body Image Dysmorphic Disorder in Persons Who Undergo Aesthetic Medical Treatments

This article reviews the literature on body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients who seek aesthetic surgery and other appearance-enhancing medical treatments such as dermatologic treatment. It begins with a discussion of the growing popularity of aesthetic medical treatments. The literature investigating the psychological characteristics of individuals interested in these treatments is highlighted. Studies suggest that 5% to 15% of individuals who seek these aesthetic medical treatments suffer from BDD. Retrospective reports suggest that persons with BDD rarely experience improvement in their symptoms following these treatments, leading some to suggest that BDD is a contraindication to treatment. The article ends with a discussion of the clinical management of patients with BDD who present for an aesthetic change in their appearance.
Kofyar Cash-Cropping: Choice and Change in Indigenous Agricultural Development

Amidst failures in planned development by government and international agencies, Netting, Stone, and Stone examine what appears to be a highly successful process of “spontaneous” economic development in Nigeria over a period of thirty years. The Kofyar of Plateau State have been gradually migrating from their homeland in the Jos Plateau to take up cash cropping. They have been obliged to change the social organization of labor as they have changed from shifting to intensive agriculture, and have become increasingly dependent upon market interactions to satisfy what have become basic needs. Among their accommodations to the requirements of the new system of production include cooperative and exchange labor groups, though labor is mostly organized on a household basis, as households have grown larger and more complex. Kofyar colonization of the fertile valley region for the purpose of cash cropping resulted from the individual decisions of thousands of farmers that independent subsistence agriculture was less attractive than the benefits of having a cash income, and all that cash could buy, even at the cost of harder work and dependence upon others. They made the transition on their own, first using indigenous tools and techniques, then learning new practices through their own experience of what worked and what did not. The authors attribute the success of this colonization in large part to the absence of government interference.
High-frequency percussive ventilation and low tidal volume ventilation in burns: A randomized controlled trial

Objectives:In select burn intensive care units, high-frequency percussive ventilation is preferentially used to provide mechanical ventilation in support of patients with acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and inhalation injury. However, we found an absence of prospective studie
INTERMEDIATE FOLLOWUP OF HAND ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHROURETERECTOMY FOR UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA:: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OUTCOMES

ABSTRACT Purpose: We report our experience with hand assisted laparoscopic (HALS) nephroureterectomy and describe the associations of preoperative, operative and pathological factors with outcome. Materials and Methods: HALS nephroureterectomy was performed in 54 consecutive patients using modified transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice (TURUO) or a 1 port transvesical endoscopic cuff technique for the distal ureter in all except 8. Data were collected prospectively and retrospectively, and followup was distinguished for bladder, contralateral upper tract and nonurothelial (local recurrence and distant metastases) sites. Results: The endoscopic cuff was associated with significantly shorter mean operative time than the transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice method (234 vs 295 minutes, p=0.002) but the comparison was confounded by the effect of experience. With 28% of patients having stage II or greater tumors and 49% having high grade bladder disease, contralateral upper tract and nonurothelial recurrences developed in 55%, 11% and 25% of evaluable patients at a median followup of 25.1, 24.4 and 24.9 months, respectively, in those without recurrence. At a median followup of 25.0 months cancer specific survival was 94%, 86% and 80% at 1 to 3 years, respectively. Three-year cancer specific survival was 100% in patents with grade 1 or 2, or stage 0 or I tumors but only 57% and 36% in patients with grade 3 and stage II or IV tumors, respectively. Conclusions: HALS nephroureterectomy is associated with 3-year outcomes that are strongly associated with stage and grade. We prefer the endoscopic cuff method for the distal ureter because it is performed after nephrectomy, does not require patient repositioning and is expedient.
The laminate capillary and its wall of multiple basement membranes.

SUMMARY Cutaneous telangiectatic vessels from two cases of unilateral dermatomal superficial telangiectasia were shown under electron microscopy to be venular capillaries with thick walls composed of multiple basement membranes. We suggest that this special capillary structure, seen in a variety of telangiectatic and disease states, should be called the ‘laminate capillary’.
Effect of Nano-Particles on Heterogeneous Void Nucleation in No-Flow Underfill Materials

The large number of voids induced by the thermal effect from solder reflow process is one of the technical challenges for flip chip package techniques typically with no-flow underfills. The underfill voids could extensively reduce the life cycle in thermal cyclic test. This paper reviewed classical heterogeneous bubble nucleation theories to model voids nucleation occurring on the phase boundary of solid solder and liquidus underfill to control the nucleation during flip chip assembly process using no-flow underfill materials. On the heterogeneous voids nucleation, the properties of nucleation sites (such as density and surface tension) that determine void formation were explored using nano-sized fillers. Thus, this experiment investigated the effect of nano-sized fillers, which are potential nucleation sites in the no-flow underfill material, on the void formation by changing the nano-sized filler type and concentration. Eventually, we proposed a formulation guideline of no-flow underfill materials using nano-sized fillers to effectively prevent the underfill voiding during flip chip assembly process.
Robust Bayesian analysis using divergence measures

Abstract We consider the problem of measuring Bayesian robustness of classes of contaminated priors. Two classes of priors in the neighborhood of the elicited prior are considered, one is the usual e-contaminated class and the other one is a geometric mixing class. A global measure, using ϕ-divergence of the posterior distributions and its curvature, is introduced. Calculation of ranges of the curvatures are demonstrated through examples. It is shown that the curvature formulas give unified answers irrespective of the choice of the ϕ-functions. It is also observed that the variation of the posterior divergence measures and their curvature are especially useful for multidimensional problems.
Empirical Investigation to Compensation Preferences for Diversified Employees

Motivational factors play an essential role with increasing employee job satisfaction. Satisfied employees in return can help improve organizational performance. Hence, it is the purpose of this paper to examine intrinsic and extrinsic motivation preferences between domestic and foreign employees working at a factory in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Three hypotheses were developed and examined by the researcher. The first and second tests showed that foreign and domestic employees view both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation alike. The third hypothesis stated that the employees would prefer one motivation method, and indeed the t-test showed that employees rated extrinsic motivation more highly than intrinsic Key words: Domestic & Foreign Employees Motivation, Intrinsic & Extrinsic Employees Motivation, Reward Systems
What do retrospective subjective reports of childhood health capture? Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.

Numerous large cohort studies have begun collecting retrospective childhood health information. However, few studies have investigated the content and quality of such data. This study fills this ga...
A content analysis of views of self-control: relation to positive and negative valence, and implications for a working definition.

It has been argued that one important variable that hampers research on self-control strategies is the absence of a working definition of self-control. Part of the difficulty involves the ambiguous and self-reflexive nature of the term itself, and part of the difficulty involves tautological imprecision equating the construct and definition of self-control with the effects of a self-control strategy. In order to begin to bring order to what has heretofore been a linguistic morass, an effort was made to assess individuals' views of self-control and then to perform a content analysis of the different aspects and dimensions actually embedded within these views. This study offered partial confirmation for six previously identified dimensions: choice, responsibility, awareness, discipline, skill, and goal. These dimensions provide us with a beginning phenomenological framework for assessing how individuals view self-control, and thereby help refine the position endorsed by Mahoney and Arnkoff (1979) that “self-control is a social label which is differentially applied to some behavior patterns.” Further, individuals were requested to list positive and negative aspects of self-control, in order to assess whether, as Mahoney and Arnkoff suggest, self-control is necessarily applied to behavior perceived as (a) being socially appropriate or desirable and (b) originating from noble ideals. The study found that there were both positively and negatively valenced aspects thought to be associated with self-control, and that the mention of a certain dimension of self-control (discipline) was found to be significantly correlated with a specific negatively valenced view (rigidity). The study concludes with implications for developing a working definition of self-control, and with guidelines and suggestions for future research.
Gray-matter macrostructure in cognitively healthy older persons: associations with age and cognition

A deeper understanding of brain macrostructure and its associations with cognition in persons who are considered cognitively healthy is critical to the early detection of persons at risk of developing dementia. Few studies have examined the associations of all three gray-matter macrostructural brain indices (volume, thickness, surface area) with age and cognition, in the same persons who are over the age of 65 and do not have cognitive impairment. We performed automated morphometric reconstruction of total gray matter, cortical gray matter, subcortical gray matter and 84 individual regions in 186 persons (60 % over the age of 80) without cognitive impairment. Morphometric measures were scaled and expressed as difference per decade of age and an adjusted score was created to identify those regions in which there was greater atrophy per decade of age compared to cortical or subcortical brain averages. The results showed that there is substantial total volume loss and cortical thinning in cognitively healthy older persons. Thinning was more widespread than volume loss, but volume loss, particularly in temporoparietal and hippocampal regions, was more strongly associated with cognition.
Solving the MHD Equations by the Space-Time CESE Method

We apply the Space-Time Conservation Element and Solution Element (CESE) method to solve the ideal MHD equations with special emphasis on satisfying the divergence free constraint of magnetic field, i.e., ∇⋅B = 0. In the setting of the CESE method, four approaches are employed: (i) the original CESE method without any additional treatment, (ii) a simple corrector procedure to update the spatial derivatives of magnetic field B after each time marching step to enforce ∇⋅B = 0 at all mesh nodes, (iii) an constraint-transport method by using a special staggered mesh to calculate magnetic field B, and (iv) the projection method by solving a Poisson solver after each time marching step. To demonstrate the capabilities of these methods, two benchmark MHD flows are calculated (i) a rotated one-dimensional MHD shock tube problem, and (ii) a MHD vortex problem. The results show no differences between different approaches and all results compare favorably with previously reported data.
Effectiveness of circuit-level continuation methods for Trojan State Elimination verification

A circuit is vulnerable if Trojan state appears, verification processes are needed to ensure the circuit is robust over temperature and process variation. Circuit-level continuation methods finding all DC operating points are summarized in this work. The discussion of where to apply continuation methods in the circuit and the minimum requirement of simulation steps in a circuit will be shown.
Second-Order Perfectly Matched Layers for the Time-Domain Finite-Element Method

A formulation is presented to implement the second-order perfectly matched layer (PML) in the time-domain finite element (TDFE) simulation of electromagnetic problems. The formulation is validated by the numerical simulation of a waveguide, a stripline, and an antenna problem. The numerical results show clearly that the second-order PML implemented in the TDFE algorithm can effectively absorb both propagating and evanescent waves; hence, it provides an effective mesh truncation for the TDFE solution of wave propagation, scattering, and radiation problems
Sex Differences in Stereotypes of Spectacles1

Sex differences in the stereotype of eyeglasses were investigated via a three-part questionnaire administered to 217 adults. In the first part, subjects viewed one of five males or five females wearing glasses or not and rated this individual on a number of descriptors as well as guessing his or her three favorite pastimes. In the second part male and female subjects with and without glasses were compared on self-evaluations of the same descriptors and activities. They also responded to open-ended questions concerning their reasons for using spectacles and contact lenses and the effects of these visual correctives on their self-perceptions and the perceptions of others. In the third part subjects evaluated a typical woman and a typical man with glasses on the same descriptors. These three methods of identifying sex differences in stereotypes of eyeglasses produced somewhat conflicting results. Photographs with glasses were judged as less attractive and sexy, but males considered the typical woman with glasses as sexier and more attractive than the typical woman without glasses. Generally, people with glasses were considered to be more intelligent and intense, and the stereotypes of the typical woman and man with glasses were highly positive. Women with glasses were viewed as more feminine and men with glasses as more masculine. Although wearing glasses affected the self-concept of females more than males, there was little evidence that they experienced a more negative “spectacle image” than males.
Mandibular movement with changes in the vertical dimension

Abstract A cephalometric roentgenographic study of the mandibular movements in the sagittal plane was made of 10 edentulous patients. Measurements were made at three levels of jaw closure: one greater than the vertical dimension of occlusion, one at the vertical dimension of occlusion, and one at a position of overclosure . The measurements were made on serial tracings of profile cephalometric roentgenograms on cellulose acetate, and on transparent 1 mm. ruled graph paper. During the procedure, the subjects maintained their mandibles in the most retruded position, as guided by an intraoral tracer.
Iterative solution for rigid-body point-based registration with anisotropic weighting

Rigid-body, point-based registration is commonly used for image-guided systems. Fiducial markers that can be localized in image and physical space are attached to patient anatomy. The fiducial marker locations in the two spaces are used to obtain the physical-to-image registration. It is a common practice to obtain physical positions via optical systems, whose localization error is anisotropic. Furthermore, the positions are often reckoned relative to a coordinate reference frame (CRF) that is rigidly attached to the patient. The use of a CRF enables patient movement relative to the tracking system, but it tends to exacerbate the anisotropy. It is common practice to ignore the localization anisotropy and employ a closed-form solution, which is available for isotropic weighting but not for anisotropic weighting. Iterative methods are available for anisotropic weighting but are quite complex. We present a new iterative algorithm for anisotropic weighting that is simple, intuitive, and has only one adjustable parameter. We show using simulations that our algorithm is more accurate than the isotropic solution for anisotropic localization error. In particular, we show that the new algorithm reduces target registration error when anisotropic localization error is present. When all the localization errors are isotropic, the new algorithm performs as well as the closed-form solution.
The Uncivil Tongue: Invitational Rhetoric and the Problem of Inequality

Invitational rhetoric espouses communication based on the immanent value and self-determination of interlocutors. With regard to theories that posit persuasion as a goal, an invitational model posits the dialogic encounter as ethically superior. We contend that the suitability of the invitational paradigm presupposes conditions of economic, political, and social equality among interlocutors. However, such conditions of actual equality are rare in both political controversy and interpersonal relations. Furthermore, the appeal to civility is a form of gender discipline; thus we advocate theorizing the uncivil tongue.
Using mobile phones and open source tools to empower social workers in Tanzania

Although para-social workers (PSW) carry the primary responsibility in providing essential services to the growing population of orphans and vulnerable children in Tanzania, they are often not paid for this work. Moreover, PSWs are unable to access governmental resources due to the lack of an efficient means of reporting their needs to relevant government officials in a timely manner. In this paper we describe a text message (SMS) based solution that harnesses the prevalence of mobile phones coupled with several Open Source tools to empower PSWs. Specifically, we build a more efficient mechanism for reporting summary data on orphans and vulnerable children to relevant government officials in a cost-effective and efficient manner. This paper reports on our needs assessment process, reviews the related work, describes the implementation and testing of our prototype solution, and concludes with a discussion of relevant future work.
Diproton decay of nuclei on the proton drip line.

The process of direct two-proton decay of nuclei with Z=22--28 on the proton drip line is considered. On the basis of new 0${\mathit{d}}_{3/2}$-0${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{f}/2}$ shell-model mass extrapolations, $^{39}\mathrm{Ti}$, $^{42}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{48}\mathrm{Ni}$, and $^{49}\mathrm{Ni}$ are found to be bound to single-proton decay but unbound to two-proton decay. New estimates of the spectroscopic factors and lifetimes have been made. The decays of $^{39}\mathrm{Ti}$, $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$, and $^{48}\mathrm{Ni}$ are found to be promising for further experimental investigation.
Ophthalmic genetics: diagnosis and therapy

With the virtual completion of the Human Genome Project and the mapping of approximately 30,000 human genes, we have reached a historical point in ophthalmic genetics research. A genomic map now exists that will help guide the effort to determine the genetic basis of retinal disease, myopia, anterior segment disease, and glaucoma. In this issue of the Ophthalmology Clinics of North America ,r ecent developments in ophthalmic genetics are highlighted with some special emphasis given to glaucoma, which has only relatively become an area of active genetics research. Conceptually, our understanding of glaucoma and other ophthalmic disease is likely to be on a genetic basis in the next decade. For instance, although glaucoma is a distinct form of optic neuropathy, several separate genes and a number of loci have now been identified that lead to this optic neuropathy, and patients with each of these genes have separate, definable characteristics in terms of the appearance of their optic nerves and response to medications. In the future,we should be ableto determine whether ornot a patient will respond well to treatment with medication, lasers, or surgery on the basis of which of the several glaucoma mutations they harbor. Understanding the specific mutations in each of these genes may be important for both prognosis and treatment. I have asked each of the authors in this issue to comment on the prospects for gene therapy as they pertain to the disease discussed in their respective articles. Genetic therapies are likely to be commonplace in the next century, though much remains to be worked through regarding them. New information on gene therapies is appearing daily, and articles such as these will likely be much more useful now than in 5 years. The articles in this issue have been carefully chosen and cultivated; as Guest Editor, I hope you will find them useful. I thank my long-time collaborators at the Casey Eye Institute, Mary Wirtz, PhD, Ted Acott, PhD, Preseton Alexander, Kris Weymann, and my mentors, including Richard F. Brubaker, MD,
Novel substituted (Z)-5-((N-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)imidazolidine-2,4-diones and 5-((N-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triones as potent radio-sensitizing agents.

A series of (Z)-5-((N-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (9a–9m) and 5-((N-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (10a–10i) derivatives that incorporate a variety of aromatic substituents in both the indole and N-benzyl moieties have been synthesized. These analogs were evaluated for their radiosensitization activity against the HT-29 cell line. Three analogs, 10a, 10b, and 10c were identified as the most potent radiosensitizing agents.
Cloning, Tissue Distribution, Genomic Organization, and Functional Characterization of NBC3, a New Member of the Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter Family*

Previous functional studies have demonstrated that muscle intracellular pH regulation is mediated by sodium-coupled bicarbonate transport, Na+/H+ exchange, and Cl-/bicarbonate exchange. We report the cloning, sequence analysis, tissue distribution, genomic organization, and functional analysis of a new member of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) family, NBC3, from human skeletal muscle. mNBC3 encodes a 1214-residue polypeptide with 12 putative membrane-spanning domains. The approximately 7.8-kilobase transcript is expressed uniquely in skeletal muscle and heart. The NBC3 gene (SLC4A7) spans approximately 80 kb and is composed of 25 coding exons and 24 introns that are flanked by typical splice donor and acceptor sequences. Expression of mNBC3 cRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrated that the protein encodes a novel stilbene-insensitive 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride-inhibitable sodium bicarbonate cotransporter.
Effects of diet composition on food intake and carcass composition in rats

Since most of the weight-reduced obese humans are in a protein deficit state, this study was designed to examine whether a high protein diet (HP) enhances the restoration of lean body mass and facilitates the maintenance of weight loss. Obesity in rats was produced by 16 weeks of high fat diet (HF) feeding. In the 17th week, all HF-fed obese rats were fed a limited amount of control diet to normalize their body weights, but they still had more body fat content. The HF-fed rats were then divided into subgroups with different diets offered for 5 weeks: HP, HF or chow diet. A control group was fed the chow diet throughout the study. HP feeding maintained normal body weight and carcass composition in weight-reduced obese rats by reducing feeding efficiency levels to within normal ranges. Weight-reduced rats fed a chow diet, however, had more fat mass than controls and HF feeding stimulated weight gain again. Therefore, a HP diet has a higher probability of enhancing weight loss maintenance in weight-reduced obese subjects than does a usual well-balanced diet.
A survey of neuropsychologists' beliefs and practices with respect to the assessment of effort.

The current study investigated neuropsychologists’ beliefs and practices with respect to assessing effort and malingering by surveying a sample of NAN professional members and fellows (n = 712). The results from 188 (26.4%) returned surveys indicated that 57% of respondents frequently included measures of effort when conducting a neuropsychological evaluation. While a majority of respondents (52%) rarely or never provide a warning that effort indicators will be administered, 27% of respondents often or always provide such a warning. The five most frequently used measures of effort or response bias were the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), MMPI-2 F–K ratio, MMPI-2 FBS, Rey 15-item test, and the California Verbal Learning Test. However, the TOMM, Validity Indicator Profile, Word Memory Test, Victoria Symptom Validity Test, and the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias were rated as most accurate for detecting suboptimal effort. These results and other findings are presented and discussed. © 2007 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Anatomy of the Heart at Multidetector CT: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

Continued improvements in multidetector computed tomographic (CT) scanners have made cardiac CT an important clinical tool that is revolutionizing cardiac imaging. Multidetector CT with submillimeter collimation and gantry rotation times under 0.5 seconds allows the acquisition of studies with high temporal resolution and isotropic voxels. The volumetric data set that is generated can be analyzed with a depth previously not possible, requiring a solid understanding of the cardiac anatomy and its appearance on CT scans and postprocessed images.
Antibodies to Citrullinated Protein Antigens (ACPAs): Clinical and Pathophysiologic Significance

Antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPAs) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are useful in the diagnosis of RA as well as the prediction of the course and outcomes of disease. Multiple methodologies exist for measuring ACPAs, including the widely available tests for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and for antibodies to mutated/modified citrullinated vimentin. These methodologies overall have similar diagnostic accuracies for RA, although there is some variability. The discovery of ACPAs and the biology of citrullination have also led to important advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology and development of RA, especially regarding the relationship between potential genetic and environmental risk factors for RA. Going forward, research into autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins may help identify the specific etiology of RA and provide approaches for the prediction of future risk of disease, and ultimately prevention of RA.
The SSP: an example of high-assurance systems engineering

The SSP is a high assurance systems engineering effort spanning both hardware and software. Extensive design review, first principle design, n-version programming, program transformation, verification, and consistency checking are the techniques used to provide assurance in the correctness of the resulting system.
Soy Isoflavones Affect Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins (SREBPs) and SREBP-Regulated Genes in HepG2 Cells

Soy intake reduces cholesterol levels. However, both the identity of the soy component or components that contribute to this reduction and the cellular mechanism producing this reduction are unknown. Soy consists of protein, lipids, fiber, and phytochemicals including isoflavones. We propose that the isoflavone component of soy mediates this effect, at least in part, by affecting cellular sterol homeostasis. We investigated the effects of an isoflavone-containing soy extract and the individual isoflavones on the maturation of the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP) and the expression of SRE-regulated genes controlling lipid metabolism. We found a corresponding increase in the mature form of SREBP-2 in both soy extract- and isoflavone-treated HepG2 cells, whereas there was no significant change in the levels of SREBP-1. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase protein and HMG CoA synthase mRNA levels also increased. When HepG2 cells were transiently transfected with HMG CoA synthase and LDL receptor reporter plasmids there was an increase in expression in response to soy extract or isoflavone treatment from both of these promoters, but this induction was blunted in the presence of sterols (P < 0.05). The mechanism responsible for this effect may be via a statin-like inhibition of HMG CoA reductase enzyme activity or by enhanced SREBP processing via the SREBP cleavage activating protein. We hypothesize that maturation of SREBP and induction of SRE-regulated genes produce an increase in surface LDL receptor expression that increases the clearance of plasma cholesterol, thus decreasing plasma cholesterol levels.
Electrical impedance spectroscopy of the breast: clinical imaging results in 26 subjects

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a potential, noninvasive technique to image women for breast cancer. Studies have shown characteristic frequency dispersions in the electrical conductivity and permittivity of malignant versus normal tissue. Using a multifrequency EIS system, we imaged the breasts of 26 women. All patients had mammograms ranked using the American College of Radiology (ACR) BIRADS system. Of the 51 individual breasts imaged, 38 were ACR 1 negative, six had ACR 4-5 suspicious lesions, and seven had ACR 2 benign findings such as fibroadenomas or calcifications. A radially translatable circular array of 16 Ag/AgCl electrodes was placed around the breast while the patient lay prone. We applied trigonometric voltage patterns at ten frequencies between 10 and 950 kHz. Anatomically coronal images were reconstructed from this data using nonlinear partial differential equation methods. Typically, ACR 1-rated breasts were interrogated in a single central plane whereas ACR 2-5-rated breasts were imaged in multiple planes covering the region of suspicion. In general, a characteristic homogeneous image emerged for mammographically normal cases while focal inhomogeneities were observed in images from women with malignancies. Using a specific visual criterion, EIS images identified 83% of the ACR 4-5 lesions while 67% were detected using a numerical criterion. Overall, multifrequency electrical impedance imaging appears promising for detecting breast malignancies, but improvements must be made before the method reaches its full potential.
Radiating slots near resonance in a broad wall of a rectangular waveguide

The off-resonant characteristics of compound slots are investigated. A pair of coupled integral equations in terms of the dominant component of the electric field in both apertures was obtained by enforcing the continuity of the longitudinal magnetic field in the slot apertures. The integral equations were then solved by the method of moments. Over a small frequency range near resonance, the magnitude of the aperture electric field and forward and backward scattered TE/sub 10/-mode amplitudes exhibit slow variations, and their phases nearly track each other. The phase variation of S/sub 11/ over a 2% change in slot length from resonance is shown for a standard-height X-band waveguide and a half-height waveguide. The phase variation is greater for thick wall slots and for larger waveguide b dimension. The phase variation is significantly reduced for larger offsets and for larger values of tilt angles. >
L1 Regularization-Based Model Reduction of Complex Chemistry Molecular Dynamics for Statistical Learning of Kinetic Monte Carlo Models

Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) methods have been a successful technique for accelerating time scales and increasing system sizes beyond those achievable with fully atomistic simulations. However, a requirement for its success is a priori knowledge of all relevant reaction pathways and their rate coefficients. This can be difficult for systems with complex chemistry, such as shock-compressed materials at high temperatures and pressures or phenolic spacecraft heat shields undergoing pyrolysis, which can consist of hundreds of molecular species and thousands of distinct reactions. In this work, we develop a method for first estimating a KMC model composed of elementary reactions and rate coefficients by using large datasets derived from a few molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of shock compressed liquid methane, and then using L1 regularization to reduce the estimated chemical reaction network. We find that the full network of 2613 reactions can be reduced by 89% while incurring approximately 9% error in the dominant species (CH4) population. We find that the degree of sparsity achievable decreases when similar accuracy is required for additional populations of species.
A Time-Series Study of Depression Using Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques Subsequent to Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

This study examined the sequential use of two distinct treatment modalities in the care of a client with depression and comorbid anxiety. The client was initially treated with 16 sessions of short-...
Fixation of type 2a supracondylar humerus fractures in children with a single pin.

BACKGROUND The AAOS guidelines suggest operative fixation of all type 2 supracondylar humerus fractures. Not all type 2 fractures are the same. Wilkins type 2a fractures have intrinsic stability. The purpose of this paper is to report closed reduction and single-pin fixations for Wilkins 2a fractures. METHODS Fifteen consecutive type 2a fractures treated with single-pin fixation were prospectively evaluated. Procedure notes, age, sex, side involved, duration of immobilization, and complications were recorded. Radiographs were measured for the lateral humerocapitellar line and the humeral ulna angle. At final follow-up the carrying angle, range of motion, and the Flynn criteria were recorded. RESULTS The average age of patients was 5 years (age range, 1 to 9 y). Three females and 12 males were studied. Eight right elbows and 7 left elbows were injured. A 0.0625 K-wire was used in 2 cases and a 2 mm K-wire was used in 13 cases. On preoperative lateral radiographs, the anterior humeral line did not intersect the capitellum. On postoperative radiographs, the anterior humeral line intersected the middle third of the capitellum. Following pinning, the elbow was immobilized in a long-arm cast in pronation with elbow at 75 degrees of flexion. The cast and pin were removed at an average of 27 days (range, 25 to 31 d). One patient was lost to follow-up. The remaining 14 patients were followed for at least 3 months. At final follow-up, the carrying angle was within 2 degrees of the opposite elbow and ROM was within 3 degrees of the opposite elbow in all cases. Final Flynn criteria were excellent in all 14 patients. There were no complications. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of supracondylar fractures has evolved from selective pinning of type 2 fractures to pinning all type 2 fractures. The results of the current study demonstrate the efficacy of using a single lateral entry pin for stabilization of type 2a fractures in children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
About to Die: How News Images Move the Public: Barbie Zelizer

(2012). About to Die: How News Images Move the Public: Barbie Zelizer. Photography and Culture: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 109-112.
Coastal Versus Interior: Some Thoughts on the Archaeology of California's Channel Islands

In a recent issue of JICA, a valuable article by Perry and Glassow (2015) examined the nature of “interior” archaeological sites on California's Santa Cruz Island, counter-balancing a long emphasis...
Study of Rhubarb aglycone on time window of thrombolysis therapy through artery in rats with thrombus-occluded cerebral ischemia

Objective:To compare the effects of thrombolysis therapy being used at different time after stroke through artery on rats with thrombus-occluded cerebral ischemia and then to discuss the influence of Rhubarb aglycone(RA) on time window of thrombolysis therapy.Methods: Rats in the study were randomly divided into several groups.Thrombus-occluded cerebral ischemia model group was duplicated by autologous blood blot and inserted nylon thread.Rats were administrated with thrombolysis therapy through artery at 3,6,and 9h after cererbral ischemia.At 24h of administration through artery,rats neural symptoms evaluating score(NSES),brain pathologic changes,fatality and intracranial hemorrhage ratio(ICHR) were observed,then measured brain water ratio(BWR) and cerbral infarction size(CIS).Results: Compared with SH group,NSES,BWR and CIS increased in each model group,brain pathologic changes appeared more obviously.In thrombolysis group,NSES,BWR and CIS decreased,and brain pathologic changes abated,but rats fatality and ICHR increased in 9 h thrombolysis group.The improvement in associated group appeared more significant in comparison with that in thrombolysis group.Conclusion: Nerve functional impairment,brain dropsy and pathologic detriment in rats with cerebral ischemia exacerbated following the prolongation of ischemia.Thrombolysis therapy using at different time through artery all seemed protective,and effects appeared more significant within 6h of ischemia,delayed thrombolysis therapy could make rats fatality and ICHR increase.Rhubarb aglycone could increased the protection and decreased rats ICHR caused by delayed thrombolysis,performed prolongation of time window and decreased the ratio of intracranial hemorrhage after thrombolysis therapy.
Do adhesives prevent microleakage

All the polymeric composite restorative resins shrink during polymerisation resulting in the development of tensile and/or shear stresses at the tooth/restoration interface. The major part of the contraction stresses develops within 15 minutes after the initiation of polymerisation but with the light activated resins it occurs within seconds after irradiation. The tensile stresses may disrupt the adhesive bonding of the restorative system to the cavity walls resulting in microleakage at the tooth/restoration interface. The properties of the restorative resins which include polymerisation shrinkage during hardening, differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the tooth and the restoration, and water sorption of the restoration on exposure to the oral environment, play an important role in determining the marginal gap dimensions and hence microleakage. Microleakage at the enamel/restoration interface has been eliminated by the acid etch technique provided that adequate enamel thickness is present. Microleakage at the dentine/restoration interface, however, is much more difficult to eliminate. None of the dentinal bonding restorative systems eliminates microleakage at the gingival margins of restorations that extend to or beyond the cementum/enamel junction. Microleakage is reduced by using an incremental restorative technique but is increased when the restored teeth are subjected to masticatory stress or occlusal loading. None of the dentinal bonding systems prevents the development of marginal gaps at the dentine/restoration interface when evaluated 10 minutes after placement of the restorations but hygroscopic expansion resulting from water or saline immersion results in a significant reduction in marginal gap dimensions. An increase in the cavosurface margins reduces marginal gap dimensions but it is not dependent on cavity depth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Management of non-penetrating distal urethral trauma.

AbstractTwo cases of non-penetrating distal urethral trauma are reported to illustrate the potential routes of urinary extravasation. The nature and management of such injuries are discussed to emphasize that the typically incomplete rupture of the distal urethra responds satisfactorily to catheter diversion of the urinary stream, antibiotic coverage, drainage of extravasated ur and delayed debridement of necrotic tissue. Primary surgical repair of the urethra is rarely indicated in this injury.
The Challenges Female Science Faculty Report to Their Socialization and Advancement: A Preliminary Data Analysis

This paper is a preliminary analysis of a qualitative, action-research study that addresses work experiences of under-represented science faculty at a mid-sized, regional, primarily undergraduate institution. This paper addresses the potential for women to accomplish their desired career goals, perceived career success and satisfaction, and how these result in organizational, systemic, and interpersonal barriers. This work-in-progress needs much work yet, including a stronger theoretical base and feedback for continued development. Data have already been collected from 16 female science (and 1 racial minority male) faculty with more interviews planned. Faculty who are in their early to mid-career are the primary focus. Prior campus research demonstrated that mid-career female faculty found it difficult to move beyond associate professor because of heavy service burdens (e.g., advising, serving as department chairs or program directors). This resulted in fewer course releases and research grants to provide them the time to invest in research. This study supports those findings and identifies a system where “the rich get richer” and where it’s difficult for women to access positions of power to make important systemic change. Additional preliminary themes address workloads, mentoring, contradictions of valuing research over teaching, and “support that’s unsupportive.”
The Bell Curve Revisited: Testing Controversial Hypotheses with Molecular Genetic Data.

In 1994, the publication of Herrnstein’s and Murray’s The Bell Curve resulted in a social science maelstrom of responses. In the present study, we argue that Herrnstein’s and Murray’s assertions were made prematurely, on their own terms, given the lack of data available to test the role of genotype in the dynamics of achievement and attainment in U.S. society. Today, however, the scientific community has access to at least one dataset that is nationally representative and has genome-wide molecular markers. We deploy those data from the Health and Retirement Study in order to test the core series of propositions offered by Herrnstein and Murray in 1994. First, we ask whether the effect of genotype is increasing in predictive power across birth cohorts in the middle twentieth century. Second, we ask whether assortative mating on relevant genotypes is increasing across the same time period. Finally, we ask whether educational genotypes are increasingly predictive of fertility (number ever born [NEB]) in tandem with the rising (negative) association of educational outcomes and NEB. The answers to these questions are mostly no; while molecular genetic markers can predict educational attainment, we find little evidence for the proposition that we are becoming increasingly genetically stratified.
A Method for Understanding Sustainable Design Trade-Offs During the Early Design Phase

The purpose of this research is to present a new method for integrating sustainable design knowledge into the early design phase of new products and processes. A novel organized search tree is constructed to enable the application of sustainable design knowledge before and during concept generation. To further facilitate its application, this search tree is embedded in an easy-to-use web-based application called the GREEn Quiz (Guidelines and Regulations for Early design for the Environment). As a designer progresses through the quiz, user responses are compiled and weighted, and a final environmental impact report is provided to the user. Two research studies are explored to validate the proposed method. The results of these studies show that the search-tree format and presentation of the collection of design knowledge presented in this work provide design engineers with a valuable and informative resource for facilitating the design of products with reduced environmental impacts.
Frequency and significance of dual arterial supply for watershed hccs treated by TACE

Purpose To compare the frequency of dual arterial supply and its effect on the outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located in the watershed regions (Couinaud segment IV and medial aspect of segment VIII) versus non-watershed regions of the liver. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records for patients with HCC who underwent superselective TACE from January 2008 to December 2011 at our institution. Patients with Results Forty-two percent of watershed tumors (34 of 82) were found to have dual arterial supply, (8 tumors (10%) recognized only in hindsight), in contrast to 18% of non-watershed tumors (13 of 74, 3% unrecognized) (p Conclusion Tumors in the watershed region of the liver are particularly likely to receive dual arterial supply, and are at risk for inadequate treatment and faster TTP following TACE.