cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pupation site selection of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in various carpet types and its influence on insecticide efficacy.

Pupation sites of cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), larvae were determined in three styles of nylon and one style of wool carpet. Nylon saxony carpet had 59.3% of pupae at the top of the pile and 40% at the base of the pile. In nylon contract carpet, 55.2% of pupae were found at the top, 42.6% in the middle, and only 2.2% at the base of the pile. Nylon loop carpet contained 59.2% of pupae at the base, 25.5% in the middle, and 15.3% in the top of the pile. Wool loop carpet had 92.4% at the base and 3.8% both in the middle and top of the pile. Bioassays comparing the control of pupae manually placed at the base of carpets to that in carpets with natural pupation showed that control of pupae in the latter was 39-68% higher. Pupal control after natural pupation was greatest in nylon saxony and nylon contract carpets and lowest in nylon loop and wool loop carpets. Additional studies demonstrated that vacuuming provided the same level of pupal control on nylon saxony carpet as a spray application of permethrin to the carpet surface. Therefore, pupae that survived chemical and mechanical control treatments in nylon saxony carpet probably pupated away from the surface of the pile. Application of permethrin to the base of nylon saxony carpet did not significantly increase control. Future bioassays with cat flea pupae in carpet should be performed after natural pupation and consider carpet make and style.
Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1975

Abstract The 1975 hurricane season produced 113 “tropical systems”, of which 28 acquired the closed circulation of a depression. Over half of these (61) originated over the African Continent. This is the most African systems observed since our annual summary began in 1968. African seedlings initiated five of the eight named Atlantic storms and thirteen of the sixteen East Pacific storms.
Developing Heat-Warning Systems for Cities Worldwide

Natural hazards and their impact upon humans have long been the focus of curiosity by researchers and the general public. Geologic hazards, such as earthquakes and volcanoes, and atmospheric phenomena, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, receive considerable attention, especially in light of the dramatic impact they may have upon the landscape.
Factors Related to Becoming Less Committed to Religion

In this article factors that relate to religious commitment are examined. Using the General Social Survey (2010), education, happiness, and religious upbringing were analyzed against having a turning point of becoming less committed to religion. The goal of this article was to see if any of these factors significantly affected the likelihood that someone would become less committed to religion. What was found was that religious affiliation and education both related to the likelihood of having a turning point, while happiness seemed to have no effect on religious commitment.
Progressive Insurance Concierge Program

Progressive Insurance Company is considering the rollout of a new level of service in the Maryland area. Students are given the opportunity to understand the new service and assess its fit with Progressive's business. Students must also determine a staffing plan for the new center.
The cytochrome P450 inhibitor SKF-525A disrupts autophagy in primary rat hepatocytes.

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor SKF-525A is commonly used to study drug metabolism and toxicity, particularly hepatotoxicity. By using Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, we unexpectedly found that SKF-525A at 2-20 μM caused remarkable accumulation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II (LC3-II) in primary rat hepatocytes at 1, 4 and 24 h, indicating that autophagy was disrupted. SKF-525A showed no effects on chloroquine induced LC3-II accumulation, suggesting that autophagic flux was blocked, which is further supported by the increased level of the p62 protein after SKF-525A treatment. SKF-525A did not affect proteasome activities or gene expression of LC3-II or p62. Immunofluorescence of green fluorescent protein fused lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1, a specific protein marker for lysosomes) and LC3-II showed that co-localization of these two proteins was partially abolished by SKF-525A, indicating that autophagosome-lysosome fusion was blocked. The other five CYP inhibitors, metyrapone, 1-aminobenzotriazole, alpha-naphthoflavone, ticlopidine, and ketoconazole, showed no effects in parallel experiments. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which various CYP inhibitors differentially affect a same drug's toxicity in hepatocytes. The data also indicate that SKF-525A is not an ideal chemical inhibitor for probing the relation between CYP mediated metabolism and toxicity in primary hepatocytes.
A Geometric View of a Vector Identity

(1998). A Geometric View of a Vector Identity. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 309-310.
0041 Collaboration multiplier: advancing multi-sector partnerships to prevent violence

Statement of purpose Violence injures, maims and kills people before their time, and it undermines efforts to help young people succeed in life. Given the range and complexity of the root causes of violence, no single agency can prevent violence on its own, yet these fields often don’t realise what difference they can make and aren’t sure how to be most effective. Methods/Approach The Collaboration Multiplier tool has a long track record of success, and Prevention Institute has used it to facilitate diverse groups for more than a decade. To adapt this tool for preventing violence, Prevention Institute conducted a literature review, a scan of 10 municipal websites, and more than 30 in-depth interviews with practitioners in 14 large U. S. cities and counties. Representatives of various sectors reviewed specific chapters and provided feedback. Results Multi-Sector Partnerships for Preventing Violence walks readers through the two phases of Collaboration Multiplier—Information-Gathering and Analysis—in order to identify shared outcomes, collective strengths and joint strategies. This guide clarifies the roles and contributions of 10 public and private sectors and 12 municipal departments as it relates to preventing violence—from libraries and workforce development, to social services and public works. The guide features case examples, talking points to persuade others to get involved and suggested actions for them, an introduction to the public health approach to preventing violence, and activities for each step of the Collaboration Multiplier tool. Conclusions Mobilising diverse stakeholders to work together is critical to advancing community safety. When people collaborate to address the risk and resilience factors for violence, they can accomplish ambitious goals and have an impact that no organisation could achieve through a stand-alone effort. Creating safe communities requires the active involvement of many public sectors and community stakeholders working in tandem. Significance and contribution to the field Multi-sector collaboration is critical for preventing violence, and cities with greater collaboration among multiple sectors have lower rates of violence. This guide was designed to help violence prevention practitioners engage partners from diverse sectors and disciplines, strengthen their efforts, and replicate the Collaboration Multiplier process for their communities.
Use of muscle pedicle flaps for failed bladder neck closure in the exstrophy spectrum.

Summary Purpose The authors have reviewed the use of muscle pedicle flaps for the treatment of failed bladder neck closure in exstrophy spectrum patients. Methods A retrospective review of all exstrophy spectrum patients who underwent continence procedures with the use of muscle pedicle flaps at our institution during the last 15 years was performed. Patient characteristics, surgical history, and outcomes, including complications, continence, morbidity, and infection, were assessed. The authors utilized muscle pedicle flaps in eight exstrophy patients, including four patients with classic bladder exstrophy and four patients with cloacal exstrophy. Seven of eight patients had failed at least one prior bladder neck closure, and they had undergone a median of three prior urologic procedures. To achieve continence, five rectus muscle flaps and three gracilis muscle flaps were utilized in combination with bladder neck closure. Results There were no major intraoperative or postoperative complications. All patients were initially continent, and after a median follow-up of 18.7 months seven of eight patients were continent. One patient required continent urinary stoma revision and one patient developed perineal incontinence after perineal trauma. No patients required revision of, or additional, continence procedures at the bladder neck. Discussion The use of pedicle muscle flaps appears to be a safe and feasible option for exstrophy spectrum patients with failed bladder neck closure. Although achieving continence can be difficult in this population, use of muscle flaps and bladder neck closure is a viable and effective option in this challenging subset of patients. Download : Download high-res image (338KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Rectus muscle flap with vascular pedicle via the inferior epigastrics.
Characteristics of a thermophilic bacteriophage.

Summary1. A new thermophilic phage host system has been studied and described. It has been designated a thermophilic phage because the greatest number of infectious units was produced at 65°C, above or below which the number of particles was considerably less. 2. Phage is adsorbed very slowly, the maximum amount taken up being 85% in 30 minutes. 3. Thermal inactivation studies indicate that inactivation does not follow a monomolecular reaction but the rate decreases with time. This bacteriophage is not as vulnerable to heat when suspended in lysate or gelatin as it is in distilled water or phosphate buffer and is much more resistant to heat than other previously reported mesophilic or thermophilic phages.
On the Anxiety in English Listening Comprehension in Vocational Technical College

Listening comprehension in vocational technical college has become a difficult problem in English learning and Englishtest, therefore, many students have the mind of anxiety in it, which makes them less confident. Thus we need to bring forward someeffective strategies to solve it. This paper first analyzes the basic theory of anxious problem in listening comprehension, then ex-plains the reason and comes up with the strategies to reduce the degree of anxiety in listening comprehension.
WE-G-209-02: CT

Digital radiography, CT, PET, and MR are complicated imaging modalities which are composed of many hardware and software components. These components work together in a highly coordinated chain of events with the intent to produce high quality images. Acquisition, processing and reconstruction of data must occur in a precise way for optimum image quality to be achieved. Any error or unexpected event in the entire process can produce unwanted pixel intensities in the final images which may contribute to visible image artifacts. The diagnostic imaging physicist is uniquely qualified to investigate and contribute to resolution of image artifacts. This course will teach the participant to identify common artifacts found clinically in digital radiography, CT, PET, and MR, to determine the causes of artifacts, and to make recommendations for how to resolve artifacts. Learning Objectives: 1. Identify common artifacts found clinically in digital radiography, CT, PET and MR. 2. Determine causes of various clinical artifacts from digital radiography, CT, PET and MR. 3. Describe how to resolve various clinical artifacts from digital radiography, CT, PET and MR.
New taxa of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Amazon basin.

Three new species of Erythroxylumfrom Amazoniaare described: Enythroxylum nelson-rosaePlowman, E. schunkeiPlowman and E. tucuruiendePlowman. An emended des-cription is given for E; ligustrinum DC., previously know from a single collection from French Guiana: its is here cited from Brazil for the first time. A new variety, E. ligustrinum var. carajasensePlowman, is also described. A provisional list of all Erythroxylum species occurring in Amazonia and peripheral areas is appended.
Online Steady State Detection Based on Rao‐Blackwellized Sequential Monte Carlo

Online detection of whether a data stream has reached the steady state is known to be an important problem in many applications such as process control, data reconciliation and fault detection. This paper introduces a novel online steady state detection algorithm under the Bayesian framework based on a multiple change-point state space formulation and the sequential Monte Carlo methods. A Rao-Blackwellization technique is proposed to substantially reduce the variance of Monte Carlo estimation and greatly enhance the computational efficiency. In addition, a resampling scheme called the Optimal Resampling is used for eliminating duplicate samples and the robustness of steady state detection is significantly improved by using the information of the particles more efficiently. Numerical studies based on simulated signals and application to a real data set are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compare with other existing methods from the literature. The proposed method is shown to establish a more robust performance than other methods. And it is much more computationally efficient than the standard sequential Monte Carlo method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Implicit Associations Between Religious and Nonreligious Supernatural Constructs

ABSTRACTThe present studies furthered understanding of the implicit relationships between traditional religious (RS) and nonreligious supernatural (NRS) concepts. Moving beyond the study of explicit beliefs, we accounted for the distinctions within NRS concepts, applying recent developments in the understanding of the correspondence in beliefs in these phenomena.
The Onslaught on Academic Freedom

While the United States Supreme Court has long understood that the protection of teachers serves important interests, the Court has not been clear about the degree to which the Constitution protects academic freedom. Even assuming the Constitution affords such protection, clarification is needed with respect to who is entitled to such protection and under what circumstances those protections will be triggered. The Garcetti Court mentioned that First Amendment jurisprudence might have important implications for academic freedom but did not address those possible implications. By doing so, the Court almost invited the circuits to adopt differing approaches to these issues, which they have done, sometimes but not always resulting in the diminution of academic freedom.
Design Outsourcing in a Differentiated Product Market: The Role of Bargaining and Scope Economies

In the electronics industry and beyond, original design manufacturers (ODMs) provide a full spectrum of services, ranging from design and development to manufacturing, to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Through resource pooling, ODMs benefit from scope economies when designing different products for multiple OEMs. Such design outsourcing practices, however, stir concerns that it may dilute product differentiation and subsequently intensify market competition. To examine the strategic impact of design outsourcing, we develop a game-theoretical model with a single ODM and two competing OEMs. The ODM has two divisions to serve the OEMs separately. The OEMs engage in a differentiated price competition over the Hotelling Line with product locations endogenously chosen by the parties who design the products. A wholesale-price contract is negotiated bilaterally between an ODM division and her OEM customer, and design outsourcing may reduce an OEM’s bargaining power. We compare two scenarios: (1)The ODM divisions establish dedicated resources and act as independent profit maximizers; (2)The ODM divisions cooperate through resource pooling and benefit from scope economies in both design and manufacturing. Our results highlight the role of bargaining in shaping the OEMs’ design sourcing decisions. In particular, whether the OEMs outsource design in equilibrium critically depends on the degree of asymmetry between their bargaining powers vis-a-vis the ODM. With similar bargaining power, the OEMs are more likely to outsource when they become stronger relative to the ODM. With significantly different bargaining power, surprisingly, the strong OEM tends to insource while the weak one tends to outsource. Scope economies may induce the ODM to decrease product differentiation between the products she designs for her OEM customers, and this tendency increases as the OEMs’ bargaining power strengthens. Ceding bargaining power, therefore, can be used by an OEM as an incentive lever to influence the ODM’s design decisions.
3D Printing Macroscale Engineered Materials Using Ultrasound Directed Self-Assembly and Stereolithography

A manufacturing process to 3D print engineered materials comprised of a user-specified pattern of nano- or microparticles embedded in a polymer matrix material is described. The materials are printed layer-by-layer using stereolithography, and in each layer, ultrasound directed self-assembly is employed to organize a user-specified pattern of particles. This process allows manufacturing macroscale 3D materials with a user-specified microstructure consisting of particles of any material, and contrasts with existing processes, which are often limited to laboratory scale, specific materials, and/or 2D implementations. Using this manufacturing process, 3D printing of macroscale multilayer engineered materials containing a Bouligand microstructure commonly found in composite laminate and biological materials is demonstrated. Additionally, engineered materials containing a pattern of electrically conductive nickel-coated carbon fibers are fabricated, which illustrate the feasibility of 3D printing structures with embedded insulated electrical wiring. This process finds application in manufacturing of multifunctional composite materials.
Romance with the periphery: Chinese travel writing about the ‘frontier’ during the Nanjing Decade (1927–1937)

During the Nanjing Decade (1927-1937), amid a context of foreign encroachment on China’s frontiers and surging Chinese nationalism, frontier travel arose in popularity and took on special significa...
The Social Side of Sleep: Elucidating the Links Between Sleep and Social Processes:

Sleep problems have become a public health epidemic with recent data suggesting that over 69% of US adults get less sleep than they need. Despite the important role that sleep plays in our lives, sleep as a variable of interest in interpersonal processes has been historically absent from the psychological literature. Recently, however, researchers have shed some light on the link between sleep and a wide array of social processes. This work illuminates the important role that sleep plays in our social experiences, from basic social perception to complex social interactions. We outline a working model for the bidirectional link between sleep and social processes, including underlying mechanisms, review the recent research that informs this model, and use it to elucidate important next steps to bring together sleep and social psychological research. We also address the pragmatics of measuring sleep for non-sleep researchers.
Fourier reconstruction of the force signal using a microelectromechanical oscillator in the Casimir regime

Harmonics of the force between an engineered sample and a sphere mounted on high quality factor microelectromechanical oscillator have been measured. The sample consists of regions with deep trenches and flat regions. Both the sample and the sphere are coated with a thick layer of gold. The sample is sequentially rotated at selected frequencies yielding the Casimir interaction between the sphere and the sample, disentangled from the electrostatic contribution. The approach is promising and it should yield a Casimir measurement between 0.2 and 8 microns.
Deposition of manure nutrients in a novel mycoalgae biofilm for Nutrient management

Abstract With the increase in intensive crop and livestock production, excess application of P as fertilizer and manure contributes to the build-up of soil P levels causing eutrophication. A novel biofilm-based technology was developed to recover and reposition the nutrients in manure, producing biofilm fertilizer and the treated water with better nutrient composition. Anaerobically digested and pretreated manure was used as a medium to grow the surface-attached composite biofilm, which constitutes the selected polyphosphate accumulating fungi and nitrogen accumulating fresh water microalgae for efficient recovery of nutrients on a matrix for better biomass harvesting. Under the tested conditions in lab-scale with the pretreated digested manure, the removal efficiency of the nutrients by attached mycoalgae biofilm was 76.74% P and 76.40% N with COD removal of 65.75%. To increase the nutrient content of the biomass and for enhancing the cell growth the wastewater generated in corn ethanol process (thin stillage) was added as an external nutrient at different ratios in the digested manure. The cell growth, nutrient removal efficiency, lipid content of the biomass, COD removal and reducing sugar content at different medium conditions were evaluated. The nutrient-rich solid biofilm can be harvested by scraping off the biofilm from the matrix and the nutrient lean liquid can be discharged or further used for agriculture. The microbial biofilm assimilates the organic and inorganic components in manure and converts them into cellular constituents together with N-P-K resulting in deposition of manure nutrients in biofilm, which can be directly used as a bio-fertilizer.
Quantifying Performance Degradation of HVAC Systems for Proactive Maintenance Using a Data-Driven Approach

Poorly maintained and degraded Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems waste significant amount of energy. Current Facilities Management (FM) practice is mostly based on reactive and scheduled maintenance of HVAC systems instead of proactive maintenance, which aims at detecting anticipated failures before they occur, so that lower life cycle costs can be accomplished. Therefore, current FM practice needs approaches to detect anticipated failures, so that proactive measures can be taken. Building Automation Systems (BASs) in smart buildings provide historical data on HVAC operations, which can be leveraged for detecting performance degradation of HVAC systems. This study provides a data-driven methodology to quantify and visualize performance changes of HVAC systems over the years using historical BAS data. Our results on a case building demonstrated that there are statistically significant differences between the dataset over the years due to behavioral changes in the HVAC system when other factors (e.g., weather) are controlled. The contribution of this work is a computational approach to identify behavioral changes in HVAC equipment over time using custom selected algorithms for the HVAC domain.
Asymmetric Modulation of ENSO Teleconnections by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

AbstractRemote influences of ENSO are known to vary with different phases of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). Here, observational and reanalysis data from 1920 to 2014 are analyzed to pr...
Hypervelocity impact flash and plasma on electrically biased spacecraft surfaces

Hypervelocity microparticles ( < 1 μg), traveling at speeds between 11 and 72 km/s with respect to the Earth, can impact spacecraft and form a small( ∼ 1 μm) and dense ( ∼ 10^(23) m^(−3)) plasma. This plasma can generate a strong optical emission (impact flash) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP), which can lead to spacecraft electrical anomalies when the impacted spacecraft surface carries electrical potential due to various space weather effects. A parameter of the impact plasma that strongly determines its behavior is its temperature. In order to understand the microparticle hypervelocity impact plasma and their associated threat to spacecraft electronics, we need to determine the impact plasma temperature under different spacecraft charging conditions. A non-intrusive method to study the impact plasma is by measuring the optical emission spectrum. In this paper, we present a theory of how hypervelocity impact light flash is generated by the plasma, supported by experiments at a ground-based 3 MV electrostatic dust accelerator using three spectral photomultiplier tubes at 450, 550, and 600 nm. This paper is the first to present results on hypervelocity impacts with various target electrical biases as a control variable to study the relationship between the impact plasma and the impact flash. The impact flash continuum spectrum is suggested to be produced by the acceleration of charged particles via spacecraft surface electrical biases, the oscillating internal electric field, and/or the local recombination effects within the impact plasma. The impact flash was found to emit blackbody radiation in the early time after the impact ( ∼ 200 ns). Using blackbody spectrum to estimate the plasma temperature and optical thickness, we found that an impact velocity range of 15 to 40 km/s yielded average plasma temperatures between 3300 and 6000 K depending on the target biases. Our measurements demonstrated a strong dependence of plasma temperature on the bias, which serves as new experimental evidence to support that impact flash is produced by the impact plasma. The correlations between the impactor characteristics such as mass, velocity, and charge production are also connected with the temperature and optical thickness measurement.
A technique for measuring the 3-dimensional to 2-dimensional conductivity change of YBCO superconductors at the normal-to-superconducting phase change

It is well known that conduction in YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) is by means of copper “planes” and “chains,” where planes and chains describe the degree of bonding between copper and oxygen. Changes of conductivity versus temperature have been used to show that conduction in YBCO in the normal state is 3-dimensional, while conduction approaching the onset of the superconducting state is first 2-dimensional and then 3-dimensional. We have found another method to monitor this 2-to-3 transition. Using square samples, and measuring the voltage at each corner caused by a current applied to the opposite corners, one can find the conductivities along the x-axis and the y-axis. The ratio of these conductivities is unity for homogeneous samples in the normal state. However, in transition to the superconducting state, the ratio of conductivities changes. We examine this change as a function of sample purity, sample history, and exposure to an external magnetic field. Our data are consistent with data reported in the literature, and they suggest the existence of another state change deep in the superconducting state, which is only observable with the application of a magnetic field. Measurements were also carried out to correlate the anisotropy with sample porosity. Measurements of normal state resistivity, critical temperature, and critical current characterize the sample's porosity, and these data affect the anisotropy in the superconducting state in a manner directly proportional to the porosity.
A light and electron microscopy study of an unusual widespread nuclear inclusion body disease. A possible residuum of an old herpesvirus infection.

The pathologic findings are described in a mentally-retarded 28-year old man with progressive spasticity and ataxia since childhood. They consisted in the widespread presence, throughout the brain and visceral organs, of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, with the association of larger, more intensely staining globular bodies. The corpora striata, internal capsule, pallida and thalami were the most severely affected. The globular bodies seemed to be derived from the enlargement of the intranuclear inclusions: both gave the tinctorial and histochemical reactions for protein. There was no evidence of inflammation. Electron microscopy showed that the intranuclear inclusions and the globular bodies were composed of homogeneous finely granular material. In one such mass, in the internal capsule, virus-like particles, both randomly distributed and arranged in crystalline arrays, were seen. The particles resembled those of the herpesvirus group. The possibility is discussed that these alterations may present the residuum of an old generalized herpesvirus infection which could have been incurred in early life, at birth, or in utero. The hypothesis of a primary immunologic deficiency, or of a viral infection having occurred before the acquisition of immunologic competence, is advanced in order to account for the unique morphologic features. The alternative suggestion of a primary metabolic disorder affecting nuclear protein is briefly considered.
A BELEZA COMPENSA: O CAPITAL ERÓTICO COMO FONTE DE PODER SIMBÓLICO NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES

Esta pesquisa qualitativa, exploratorio-descritiva objetivou identificar quais aspectos do CAPITAL EROTICO sao mais importantes para o executivo brasileiro, conforme as revistas Voce SA e EXAME. Para tanto, submeteram-se reportagens dessas publicacoes a analise de conteudo. Pelos achados, beleza fisica, vestimenta, carisma e bom humor mostram-se os itens de maior relevância nesse universo. Peso e idade, ainda que nao detalhados nessa literatura, tambem se apresentam como importantes. Os resultados evidenciam, ainda, que as reportagens se silenciam sobre a sexualidade. Possiveis causas e implicacoes disso sao discutidas, ao fim do trabalho.
Blood Choline and its Meaning in Psychiatric and Neurologic Disease States

The involvement of central cholinergic mechanisms has been implicated in a variety of neurologic disease states. These include such syndromes as tardive dyskinesia (11,17,28,32,62), Huntington’s disease (3-5,13,17,18,26,33,49,59,72,84,85,87,90), Friedreich’s ataxia (6,47), presenile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (10,14-16,25,63,64,69,77,89), and Gilles de laTourette’s disease (31,35,66). In all these syndromes a reduction in normal cholinergic activity has been implicated. As a result, attempts have been initiated over the past five years, with variable success, to alleviate some of the associated symptoms, using agents shown in animal experiments to be effective cholinomimetic agents (8). To date, however, use of direct cholinergic agonists and/or antagonists in the treatment of various neurologic, and particularly psychiatric disorders, is still in the experimental phase; such agents have not yet superceded conventionally used psychotherapeutic agents.
Ms. An (Meeting Students’ Academic Needs): Engaging Students in Math Education

This research presents a new, socially adaptive robot tutor, Ms. An (Meeting Students’ Academic Needs). The goal of this research was to use a decision tree model to develop a socially adaptive robot tutor that predicted and responded to student emotion and performance to actively engage students in mathematics education. The novelty of this multi-disciplinary project is the combination of the fields of HRI, AI, and education. In this study we (1) implemented a decision tree model to classify student emotion and performance for use in adaptive robot tutoring-an approach not applied to educational robotics; (2) presented an intuitive interface for seamless robot operation by novice users; and (3) applied direct human teaching methods (guided practice and progress monitoring) for a robot tutor to engage students in mathematics education.
Can we use structural knowledge to design a protective vaccine against HIV‐1?

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains one of the most important current threats to global public health. Since its identification in the early 1980s, at least 75 million people have been infected with HIV-1, the virus that causes AIDS. Although antiretroviral drugs are effective at prolonging life after infection in the developed world, they are associated with significant side effects and are not in widespread use in the developing world. The best way to control the AIDS epidemic would be a vaccine that protects against infection by HIV-1. Most vaccines work by inducing antibodies in serum or mucosa that block infection or prevent invasion of the bloodstream. Here, I describe background related to my laboratory's attempts to develop an immunogen that would elicit protective antibodies against HIV-1.
Positive Interventions in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders

Treatment of psychotic disorders including schizophrenia is less than optimal with an emphasis on biological treatments. Psychosocial interventions including different psychotherapies are increasingly recognized as an important component of treatment. Positive psychotherapy (PPT after Seligman/Rashid) is a modality of therapy that focuses on the healthy aspect of individual helping to unearth positive affect and strengths of character and through this mitigates symptoms and improves outcomes. The last decade has seen a significant growth in the interest in PPT, and several trials have been conducted to demonstrate its efficacy when provided in individual format and group therapy format. The efficacy data is meaningful and impacts client care when it is shown to be effective in real-world situations. This chapter pulls together the conceptual framework, the current evidence base, and clinical applications of PPT for psychotic conditions. The clinical examples of real-world scenarios show how these interventions can be used by the entire treatment team within their regular workflow so that these interventions can be sustainable. The chapter also talks about the existing limitations in evidence for PPT interventions and suggests directions for future research.
Acute care research competencies for clinical research professionals.

Introduction: Acute care research (ACR) is uniquely challenged by the constraints of recruiting participants and conducting research procedures within minutes to hours of an unscheduled critical illness or injury. Existing competencies for clinical research professionals (CRPs) are gaining traction but may have gaps for the acute environment. We sought to expand existing CRP competencies to include the specialized skills needed for ACR settings. Methods: Qualitative data collected from job shadowing, clinical observations, and interviews were analyzed to assess the educational needs of the acute care clinical research workforce. We identified competencies necessary to succeed as an ACR-CRP, and then applied Bloom’s Taxonomy to develop characteristics into learning outcomes that frame both knowledge to be acquired and job performance metrics. Results: There were 28 special interest competencies for ACR-CRPs identified within the eight domains set by the Joint Task Force (JTF) of Clinical Trial Competency. While the eight domains were not prioritized by the JTF, in ACR an emphasis on Communication and Teamwork, Clinical Trials Operations, and Data Management and Informatics was observed. Within each domain, distinct proficiencies and unique personal characteristics essential for success were identified. The competencies suggest that a combination of competency-based training, behavioral-based hiring practices, and continuing professional development will be essential to ACR success. Conclusion: The competencies developed for ACR can serve as a training guide for CRPs to be prepared for the challenges of conducting research within this vulnerable population. Hiring, training, and supporting the development of this workforce are foundational to clinical research in this challenging setting.
Fostering Responsible Research on Ancient DNA

Anticipating and addressing the social implications of scientific work is a fundamental responsibility of all scientists. However, expectations for ethically sound practices can evolve over time as the implications of science come to be better understood. Contemporary researchers who work with ancient human remains, including those who conduct ancient DNA research, face precisely this challenge as it becomes clear that practices such as community engagement are needed to address the important social implications of this work. To foster and promote ethical engagement between researchers and communities, we offer five practical recommendations for ancient DNA researchers: (1) formally consult with communities; (2) address cultural and ethical considerations; (3) engage communities and support capacity building; (4) develop plans to report results and manage data; and (5) develop plans for long-term responsibility and stewardship. Ultimately, every member of a research team has an important role in fostering ethical research on ancient DNA.
Anticholinergic/Sedative Drug Burden and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults at Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

Background Anticholinergic/sedative drug use, measured by the Drug Burden Index (DBI), has been linked to cognitive impairment in older adults. Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) may be among the first symptoms patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) experience. We examined whether DBI values are associated with SCD in older adults at risk of AD. We hypothesized that increased DBI would be associated with greater SCD at older ages. Methods Two-hundred-six community-dwelling, English speaking adults (age=65±9 years) at risk of AD (42% apolipoprotein e4 carriers; 78% with AD family history) were administered a single question to ascertain SCD: "Do you feel like your memory is becoming worse?" Response options were "No;" "Yes, but this does not worry me;" and "Yes, this worries me." DBI values were derived from self-reported medication regimens using older adult dosing recommendations. Adjusting for relevant covariates (comorbidities and polypharmacy), we examined independent effects of age and DBI on SCD, as well as the moderating effect of age on the DBI-SCD association at mean±1 standard deviations of age. Results Both SCD and anticholinergic/sedative drug burden were prevalent. Greater drug burden was predictive of SCD severity, but age alone was not. A significant DBI*Age interaction emerged with greater drug burden corresponding to more severe SCD among individuals age 65 and older. Conclusion Anticholinergic/sedative drug exposure was associated with greater SCD in adults 65 and older at risk for AD. Longitudinal research is needed to understand if this relationship is a pre-clinical marker of neurodegenerative disease and predictive of future cognitive decline.
Utility of Different Lung Ultrasound Simulation Modalities Used by Paramedics during Varied Ambulance Driving Conditions.

Introduction: Prehospital use of lung ultrasound (LUS) by paramedics to guide the diagnoses and treatment of patients has expanded over the past several years. However, almost all of this education has occurred in a classroom or hospital setting. No published prehospital use of LUS simulation software within an ambulance currently exists. Study Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if various ambulance driving conditions (stationary, constant acceleration, serpentine, and start-stop) would impact paramedics’ abilities to perform LUS on a standardized patient (SP) using breath-holding to simulate lung pathology, or to perform LUS using ultrasound (US) simulation software. Primary endpoints included the participating paramedics’: (1) time to acquiring a satisfactory simulated LUS image; and (2) accuracy of image recognition and interpretation. Secondary endpoints for the breath-holding portion included: (1) the agreement between image interpretation by paramedic versus blinded expert reviewers; and (2) the quality of captured LUS image as determined by two blinded expert reviewers. Finally, a paramedic LUS training session was evaluated by comparing pre-test to post-test scores on a 25-item assessment requiring the recognition of a clinical interpretation of prerecorded LUS images. Methods: Seventeen paramedics received a 45-minute LUS lecture. They then performed 25 LUS exams on both SPs and using simulation software, in each case looking for lung sliding, A and B lines, and seashore or barcode signs. Pre- and post-training, they completed a 25-question test consisting of still images and videos requiring pathology recognition and formulation of a clinical diagnosis. Sixteen paramedics performed the same exams in an ambulance during different driving conditions (stationary, constant acceleration, serpentines, and abrupt start-stops). Lung pathology was block randomized based on driving condition. Results: Paramedics demonstrated improved post-test scores compared to pre-test scores (P <.001). No significant difference existed across driving conditions for: time needed to obtain a simulated image; clinical interpretation of simulated LUS images; quality of saved images; or agreement of image interpretation between paramedics and blinded emergency physicians (EPs). Image acquisition time while parked was significantly greater than while the ambulance was driving in serpentines (Z = -2.898; P = .008). Technical challenges for both simulation techniques were noted. Conclusion: Paramedics can correctly acquire and interpret simulated LUS images during different ambulance driving conditions. However, simulation techniques better adapted to this unique work environment are needed.
Rebuilding Home Around Hardened Borders

Anti-Chinese sentiment and sinophobia have arisen as one of the current corona virus’s most serious side effects. These conditions have challenged the Chinese diasporic community’s sense of home. Far from mere diversion in a time of turmoil, Chinese literature has the power to disrupt state narratives and contest polarising claims from politicians. Online literature during the pandemic has not been limited to the Chinese diaspora, and its themes have not been limited to hate crimes. Online literature in the diaspora and in China debunks grand narratives set by the state, and provides a sense of nonphysical homecoming for them. Like these Chinese diasporic writers, we too can find our belonging with each other virtually.
Supraventricular Tachycardia in a Term Neonate

1. Jennifer Romanowicz, MD* 2. Russell Cross, MD* 1. *Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 1. Address correspondence to Jennifer Romanowicz, MD, Division of Cardiology (3 WW, suite 200), Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010. E-mail: jromanowicz09{at}gmail.com A 13-day-old term neonate presents after an episode of altered consciousness and color change at home. He was in his normal state of health when his mother fed him 4 oz of human milk, burped him, and then he started crying. He was inconsolable for 2 minutes, then his skin turned white then gray-blue; he was sweating, his heartrate felt fast to palpation, and he went quiet. His parents were able to wake him repeatedly, but he would not keep his eyes open. They deny apnea. Paramedics arrived 5 minutes later and provided oxygen by nasal cannula, at which point his color returned to normal and he was taken to a local emergency department. In the emergency department, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was noted on the monitor at a rate of 300 beats/min. He converted to sinus rhythm when an ice pack was applied to his face. He then transferred to our tertiary care center for further care. Upon evaluation at our center, parents state that he has returned to his baseline. He has no recent illnesses and has been feeding well per parents. He feeds 4 oz in 30 minutes with no associated dyspnea or diaphoresis. Parents deny previous episodes of cyanosis. His mother received standard prenatal care during the pregnancy, and he was born at 39 weeks’ gestation via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery without complication. His medical history is remarkable only for a 3-day stay in the NICU for transient tachypnea of the newborn in the immediate postnatal period, although his parents endorse persistent rapid breathing since discharge. He passed a pulse oximetry screen for critical congenital heart disease …
Natural recovery of a marine foundation species emerges decades after landscape-scale mortality

Globally, the conditions and time scales underlying coastal ecosystem recovery following disturbance remain poorly understood, and post-disturbance examples of resilience based on long-term studies are particularly rare. Here, we documented the recovery of a marine foundation species (turtlegrass) following a hypersalinity-associated die-off in Florida Bay, USA, one of the most spatially extensive mortality events for seagrass ecosystems on record. Based upon annual sampling over two decades, foundation species recovery across the landscape was demonstrated by two ecosystem responses: the range of turtlegrass biomass met or exceeded levels present prior to the die-off, and turtlegrass regained dominance of seagrass community structure. Unlike reports for most marine taxa, recovery followed without human intervention or reduction to anthropogenic impacts. Our long-term study revealed previously uncharted resilience in subtropical seagrass landscapes but warns that future persistence of the foundation species in this iconic ecosystem will depend upon the frequency and severity of drought-associated perturbation.
Resident-Led Medical Student Radiology Research Interest Group: An Engine for Recruitment, Research, and Mentoring-Radiology In Training.

A radiology research interest group of medical students, with the necessary infrastructure and resident leadership, may create a productive environment for research and career development for all p...