cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Soil Geomorphological Characteristics of a Semiarid Watershed

In the marginally productive rangelands of the semiarid, southwestern USA, the maintenance of organic C (OC) is essential to the stability of the ecosystem. This study was conducted to identify landscape factors responsible for the distribution of OC in watershed soils, its loss from upland areas and subsequent transport within the stream system of a large semiarid watershed (Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed [WGEW], Tombstone, AZ). Samples were collected along transects from the surface 5 cm of each major soil mapping unit in six subwatersheds (SW). Data were recorded for slope class, landscape position, and aspect at each of the 435 sampling points. Soil analyses consisted of: total C and OC, particle-size distribution, water dispersible clay, pH, quantitative color, and aggregation index (AI). Sediment samples were collected from flumes at each SW outlet. These 169 bedload and 59 suspended sediment samples were analyzed identically to the soils. Soil data indicated that OC distributions in the SWs were related to parent material with significantly (p # 0.05) greater contents recorded on the steeper slopes (.9%), and backslope and toeslope positions. Fewer significant correlations were identified for aspect. Soil OC was significantly (p # 0.01) correlated with silt and clay contents. Organic C contents of the soils and suspended sediments averaged 11.4 and 24.0 g kg 21 , respectively, giving an enrichment ratio (ER) for OC in the suspended sediments of 2.13. Bedload sediment was depleted in OC by an average ratio of 0.65 relative to the soils. The results suggest that OC istransportedthroughthiswatershedpredominantlyassilt-andclay-size materials in concentrations controlled by the soil AI.
Zinc and lead sequestration in an impacted wetland system

The fate and bioavailability of pollutant metals is important to the long-term health of freshwater wetland systems, particularly in areas with elevated background levels of trace metals. Precipitation of some authigenic mineral phases in wetland sediments can potentially limit metal bioavailability through sequestration in low-solubility compounds, such as metal sulfides. Zinc and Pb concentrations were analyzed in water, plant and sediment samples taken from a metal-contaminated wetland in Chicago, IL, USA in order to assess metal fate and bioavailability, while X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies were conducted to determine zinc speciation in the wetland sediments. The results showed sequestration of metal into the pond sediments, most likely in iron precipitate phases. In surface sediments, re-release of Zn and Pb into pore waters was correlated with microbial iron reduction, while the presence of sulfide in anoxic pore waters corresponded to decreased dissolved concentrations of both elements. Analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data confirmed that sulfide compounds dominated zinc speciation throughout the sediment. Uptake of trace metals in Phragmites plants was limited primarily to plant roots, while concentrations of both Pb and Zn in aquatic vegetation were significantly elevated, representing a potential bioaccumulation hazard. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of frequency, temperature, and voltage on the lifetime characteristics of magnet wires under pulse voltages

The aim of this study is to investigate the lifetime characteristics of magnet wire insulation. Accelerated life tests are performed on twisted pairs of magnet wires at different high temperatures, frequencies, and pulse voltages. Weibull distribution is used to analyze the collected data. The electrical-thermal-frequency life model is used to estimate the insulation life of magnet wire under any desired stress. The parameters of the electrical-thermal-frequency life model are estimated using the least square technique.
An evaluation of carrier agents for desferoxamine, an up-regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Avascularity and hypoxia result in avascular necrosis and play a negative role in fracture healing. The FDA-approved iron chelating agent, desferoxamine (DFO) in a liquid form, has been shown to in...
Winter rain on snow and its association with air temperature in northern Eurasia

This study examines the characteristics of winter (Dec–Feb) rain-on-snow events and their relationship to surface air temperatures to reveal potential changes in rain-on-snow days under a warming climate over northern Eurasia. We found that rain-on-snow events mostly occur over European Russia during winter. Rain-on-snow days increase as air temperature increases and are primarily attributable to the increase in rainfall days. Air temperature is the primary cause for these changes, while the North Atlantic Oscillation has some influence on the rain on snow and rainfall over the northern part of European Russia. The magnitude of rain-on-snow increase ranges from 0·5 day to 2·5 days per degree Celsius increase in air temperature. Higher rates of increase in rain-on-snow days occur in the northern and eastern parts of European Russia where the air temperature is lower, in contrast to rainfall days which have higher rates at locations with higher air temperatures. This suggests that a decrease in snowfall days might be limiting the rate of increase in rain-on-snow events over warmer regions where the temperature is about − 8 °C or higher. This study also implies that rain-on-snow days will become more common over regions in which it is currently a rare event as air temperatures increase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinguishing chronic prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms: results of a national survey of physician visits.

Abstract Objectives. The morbidity of chronic prostatitis results from a constellation of genitourinary symptoms. A recent study classified 21 of these symptoms into three categories: pain, voiding complaints, and sexual dysfunction. Pain symptoms predominated among patients with prostatitis. Using data from a nationwide survey of physician visits, we examined the most common symptoms reported by men at chronic prostatitis visits and contrasted the results with visits for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods. We analyzed 81,034 visits by men (18 years and older) to office-based physicians of all specialties in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys of 1990 to 1996, using sampling weights to make national estimates. U.S. physicians selected by random stratified sampling completed visit forms that included patients’ reasons for visits and physicians’ diagnoses. Results. In 1990 to 1996, there were 765 visits (national estimate 1.5 million visits/yr; 95% confidence interval = 0.9 to 2.1) with a diagnosis of chronic prostatitis. Among chronic prostatitis visits, 20% were for pain, 19% for urinary symptoms, and 1% for sexual dysfunction. Among 2271 BPH visits, 2% were for pain, 33% for voiding complaints, and 1% for sexual dysfunction. The most common reason coded for chronic prostatitis visits was painful urination (14% of chronic prostatitis visits, but only 1.7% of BPH visits). Conclusions. Pain was slightly more common than voiding complaints, but much more common than sexual dysfunction among chronic prostatitis visits. The most common reason for chronic prostatitis visits was painful urination, which was uncommon among patients with BPH. Pain distinguished chronic prostatitis from BPH better than any other urinary symptom.
N+CPT clock resonance

In a typical compact atomic time standard a current modulated semiconductor laser is used to create the optical fields that interrogate the atomic hyperfine transition. A pair of optical sidebands created by modulating the diode laser become the coherent population trapping (CPT) fields. At the same time, other pairs of optical sidebands may contribute to other multiphoton resonances, such as three-photon N-resonance [Phys. Rev. A65, 043817 (2002)]. We analyze the resulting joint CPT and N-resonance (hereafter N+CPT) analytically and numerically. Analytically we solve a four-level quantum optics model for this joint resonance and perturbatively include the leading ac Stark effects from the five largest optical fields in the laser's modulation comb. Numerically we use a truncated Floquet solving routine that first symbolically develops the optical Bloch equations to a prescribed order of perturbation theory before evaluating. This numerical approach has, as input, the complete physical details of the first two excited-state manifolds of Rb87. We test these theoretical approaches with experiments by characterizing the optimal clock operating regimes.
Effects of halothane on EDRF/cGMP-mediated vascular smooth muscle relaxations.

Background:Halothane has been reported to inhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation in a variety of vessels. These studies were done to determine whether this inhibition is caused by interference with synthesis, release, or action of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on cyclic guanosine mono
Critical Factors Affecting the Success of Paraprofessionals in the First Two Years of Career Ladder Projects in Colorado

The growing number of students limited in English proficiency enrolling in U.S. public schools has led to a critical shortage of bilingual teachers. Districts across the nation have addressed this shortage by employing bilingual paraprofessionals to work under licensed teachers. Currently, school districts work collaboratively with institutions of higher education to develop locally based programs that provide paraprofessionals opportunities to complete the necessary basic education that may lead to a teaching license while they continue their employment as a paraprofessional. This article describes a model that provides social, financial, and academic support to paraprofessionals while they navigate their way through the first 2 years of college. The article also addresses critical factors that contribute to paraprofessionals' success in a college setting.
Comparison of plasma with whole blood prothrombin time and fibrinogen on the same instrument.

We compared plasma with whole blood (WB) international normalized ratio (INR) and fibrinogen using the same instrument and reagents. WBINRs were 50% higher than plasma INRs. After increasing the WB sample volume 40% and adjusting the International Sensitivity Index, WBINRs were similar to plasma INRs [adjusted WBINR = 0.99(plasma INR) - 0. 02; r 2 = 0.98; n = 155], but the average difference in WB vs plasma INR was 4-fold higher than duplicate plasma INRs. Variation in hematocrit was a major determinant of the accuracy of the WBINR, with increased error at high INRs. The WB fibrinogen assay was highly dependent on the sample hematocrit (r 2 = 0.83), even after the sample volume was adjusted. Accurate WB .fibrinogen measurements required a mathematical hematocrit correction. We conclude that WBINR and fibrinogen assays can be performed on point-of-care or automated analyzers, but sample volume must be adjusted to account for hematocrit. Accuracy is limited by variations in hematocrit with worsening accuracy for samples with high INRs or low fibrinogen levels.
NEUROPEPTIDES AND INFLAMMATION: The Role of Substance P

The neuropeptide substance P modulates the activities of a number of different leukocytes that characterize both acute delayed inflammatory responses. Substance P may play a role in the pathogenesis of such diverse diseases as arthritis, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease.
'We are Jamaicans:' living with and challenging the criminalization of homosexuality in Jamaica

AbstractToday, some 80 countries around the world have legislation criminalizing homosexuality, while those who engage in same-sex relations risk mob violence resulting from cultural intolerance. Despite this, gay rights advocacy within these countries exists. This paper examines gay rights advocacy in Jamaica – a nation which criminalizes same-sex relations and which has been identified by observers as among the most intolerant of same-sex relations. Using interviews with gay rights activists working with Jamaica’s leading gay rights organization, this paper describes the gay rights movement in a climate of repression. It begins with an overview of Jamaican sexual values, tracing its condemnation of homosexuality to a history of plantation slavery. Next, it discusses the emergence of a gay pride movement and the development of a broad-based association for all sexual orientations and identities. Finally, it examines the advocacy and activism of the Jamaican Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexuals, and Gays, a vo...
Event-driven rules: experiences in CEP

Event Driven Architectures (EDA) and Complex Event Processing (CEP) are demonstrating interesting alternatives to the app-server-executing-business-logic approaches that are used in both business and cloud IT deployments today. Applying rules (and rule-based inferences) to events is a natural solution for business event processing, and the benefits of the "event-decision-action" pattern enabled by rules have proved very useful in a number of application cases. Here we introduce how rule-driven CEP is becoming a leading application area for rule technology together with some recent case studies on how declarative rules provide a suitable knowledge representation for event-driven processes in business applications.
The Correct Gender of Mammalian Generic Names Ending in -Otis

Mammalian generic names ending in -otis include Cloetis , Cryptotis , Dolichotis , Laephotis , Macrotis , Myotis , Pharotis , and Phyllotis . In the literature many of these names currently are associated with a combination of feminine, masculine, and neuter adjectival species names, in violation of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature. These generic names are feminine in gender, and the species names with which they are combined must be corrected appropriately.
Analysis hand,foot and mouth disease in Wuhu in 2011

Objective To identify the pathogens and distribution of their genotypes causing hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Wuhu in 2011,and to provide scientific evidence for effective measures.Method Specimens of suspected HFMD were collected.Nucleic acid of enterovirus genome was detected by reel-time RT-PCR.Results Among of the 402 cases,262 cases(65.2%) were positive.The detection rate of EV71 and CoxA16 was 39.8% and 19.9%,respectively.There was significant different between male and female about the rate of HFMD causing by CoxA16(χ2 = 7.44,P 0.05).The prevalence was the highest during March and July.Male to female ratio was 1.4: 1,most(87.0%) were younger than 4 years old.Conclusion EV71 and CoxA16 were the major pathogens causing HFMD in Wuhu in 2011.
Aging, Emotion, and Decision Making

To best understand the role of emotion in decision-making across the adult life span, it is imperative to have a thorough grounding in judgment and decision making theoretical perspectives. Thus, we provide an overview of theoretical perspectives that emphasize the role of emotion in decision making including dual-process models, cognitive-experiential self-theory, and the affect heuristic. In applying these perspectives to the adult lifespan, we draw from lifespan theories of motivation. Given age-related declines in deliberative cognitive processes but enhancement in emotional processes, understanding the role of emotion in decision making in later life is paramount. In addition, findings are converging on a pattern in which an information-processing preference for negative information in youth shifts toward the positive in later life. This positivity effect plays an important role in decision making. Lastly, we consider how these findings apply to financial and health domains across the adult life span.
THE CELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR ORGANIZATION OF THE REACTIONS OF UREIDE BIOGENESIS IN NODULES OF TROPICAL LEGUMES

Although the ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, were first detected in leguminous plants in the 1930’s (Fosse et al., 1930; Umbreit, Burris, 1938), the importance of the ureides to the nitrogen economy of many legumes has only recently been defined. These compounds represent the major products of recently-fixed nitrogen exported from the nodules of many tropical legumes including soybeans, cowpeas, mung bean, winged bean, and garden bean (Matsumoto et al., 1977a; Herridge et al., 1978; McClure, Israel 1979; Streeter 1979; Pate et al., 1980) Rainbird (1982) has conducted an extensive survey of ureide-exporting and amide-exporting legumes. The ureides account for 60 to 99% of the total nitrogen in the xylem exudate of soybeans (Schubert 1981).
Delayed Neutrons from the Spontaneous Fission of Cf 252

The periods and absolute yields of delayed neutrons emitted following the spontaneous fission of ${\mathrm{Cf}}^{252}$ have been measured. Delayed-neutron periods of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\frac{1}{2}}=0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4, 2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4, \mathrm{and} 20.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ sec with respective absolute yields of 0.35, 0.29, and 0.22% were found. The experimental results have been correlated with delayed-neutron emission from other fission processes and with existing precursor systematics.
Computational fluid dynamics application to aerospace science

A brief narration on significant accomplishments in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for basic research and aerospace application is attempted to highlight the outstanding achievements by scientists and engineers of this discipline. To traverse such a vast domain, numerous and excellent contributions to CFD will be unintentionally overlooked by the author’s limited exposure. Nevertheless it is an ardent hope that the present abridged literature review will aid to reaffirm excellence in research and to identify knowledge shortfalls both in aerodynamics and its modeling and simulation capability. The future modeling and simulation technology needs, as well as potential and fertile research areas, are humbly put forth for consideration.
Phase I Study of Vaccination with Dendritic Cell Myeloma Fusions.

Abstract We have developed a cancer vaccine in which patient derived myeloma cells are fused with autologous dendritic cells (DCs). In this way, multiple tumor antigens are presented in the context of the immune stimulating machinery of the DC. We are conducting a phase I trial in which patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergo serial vaccination with DC/myeloma fusions in conjunction with GM-CSF. Eligibility criteria included ≥20% plasma cells in the bone marrow and measurable paraprotein or light chain. To date, 16 patients have been enrolled and 15 have undergone therapy. Patients underwent leukapheresis collection and DCs were generated from adherent mononuclear cells cultured for 5 days with GM-CSF and IL-4 and matured by exposure to TNFa for 48–72 hours. The mean yield of DCs was 1.23 x108 cells with a mean viability of 88%. Patient derived myeloma cells were isolated from bone marrow aspirates. The mean yield of myeloma cells was 92.5 x 106 cells with a mean viability of 90%. Fusion cells were generated by coculture of DCs with myeloma cells in the presence of 50% polyethylene glycol. Fusion cells were quantified by determining the percentage of cells that co-expressed unique DC and myeloma antigens. Mean fusion efficiency and viability was 40% and 84%, respectively. As a measure of immunologic potency, DC/MM fusions stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation, with mean stimulation indexes of 48, 36, and 9 for the DC, fusion and myeloma cell populations, respectively. To date, 15 patients have completed vaccination at a dose of 1–5x106 fusion cells. Adverse events potentially related to vaccine included injection site reactions, edema, rash, fever (infection), chills, fatigue, muscle aches, pruritis, and diarrhea. One patient with a history of prior deep venous thrombosis (DVT) developed a DVT and pulmonary embolus of uncertain relation to the vaccine. To date, 6/9 evaluable patients have demonstrated immunologic response, defined by at least 2 fold increase in IFNγ expression by CD4 and/or CD8 T cells in response to ex vivo exposure to autologous tumor lysate. Vaccination was associated with an increase in circulating tumor specific T cells as evidenced by an increase in CD8+ cells binding the MUC1 tetramer. The impact of vaccination on circulating levels of regulatory T cells is being examined. Humoral immune responses are being assessed by SERAX analysis. Three patients have ongoing stable disease at 3.5, 6, and 19 months following their initial vaccination. Six patients demonstrated disease stability with subsequent progression ranging from 9 weeks to 8 months following their first vaccine. Vaccination with DC/MM fusions has been well tolerated, associated with immunologic response, and disease stabilization in a majority of patients with multiple myeloma.
The role of n-3 fatty acids in psoriasis

In 1929, Burr and Burr [1] presented the first in a series of papers outling a “new deficiency disease produced by the rigid exclusion of fat from the diet.” They developed the hypothesis that warm-blooded animals cannot synthesize appreciable quantities of certain fatty acids. In 1930 both investigators significantly added to their earlier work by presenting evidence that the dietary inclusion of linoleic acid alone could reverse all deficiency symptoms resulting from a fat-free diet and thus linoleic acid (LA or 18:2n-6) was heralded as an “essential fatty acid” (EFA) [2]. [Fatty acids and acyl groups are denoted 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and so on, with the first number representing the number of carbons in the acyl chain, the number following the colon indicating the number of methylene interrupted cis-double bonds and the number of “n” indicating the number of carbon atoms from the methyl end of the acyl chain to the nearest double bond.] This pioneering study contained additional observations which indicated that besides the visible scaliness of the skin, animals with essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) also experience increased water consumption without increased urine output leading to speculation of increased water loss through the skin. Thus, Burr recognized in these early studies the two major defects that have been associated with EFA deficiency in cutaneous biology, namely, epidermal hyperproliferation and an increased permeability of the skin to water.
Students' Viewpoint: What Constitutes Presence in an Online Classroom?

ABSTRACTIn this exploratory study, a community of inquiry framework was used to investigate students' perceptions of the efficacy and quality of online information organization and abstracting and indexing classes. It was found that participants valued not only the flexibility of online education, but also the instructor's timely engagement and reflection. Study participants emphasized the necessity of the instructor's frequent engagement through various modes of communication, such as virtual and face-to-face office hours and email. Participants' interest in asynchronous instruction mode was also observed. These findings are in line with previous studies emphasizing the importance of teaching presence in online classrooms. This study contributes to understanding students' perceptions of the quality of online learning and teaching.
Rethinking Social Studies for Social Education

What really are the purposes of schooling and education in our society? What are the roles of other institutions in society within the context of teaching and learning? Are socialization, assimilation and passivity all we desire of our institutions? Are we so uncomfortable and wary of our “way of life” that we can’t even trust ourselves? What good is a society that won’t question itself? These and others are the questions that aren’t being asked. What of higher goals such as transforming and transgression? Is the nature of humanity such that comfort is the ultimate…and given the current state of society, perhaps comfortably numb? Why does it seem that reaction is the method rather than proactive engagement? Why does it take extreme events to lull us awake as to possibilities?
Laser-induced fluorescence applied to laser welding of austenitic stainless steel for dilute alloying element detection

Optical spectral analysis of the laser weld plume is a common technique for non-contact, in situ weld plume analysis. However, the low sensitivity of optical emission spectroscopy limits the available information during 1070 nm wavelength laser welding, which is becoming the standard in many industrial operations. Here we demonstrate an improved sensitivity of optical spectroscopy by applying laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for probing the hot gas plume induced during fiber laser welding of 304L austenitic stainless steel. As a proof-of-principle, we show that LIF is capable of resolving a spectral signal from silicon being emitted during welding. Optical detection of such a low concentration alloying element has not previously been reported and shows the capability of LIF for increased sensitivity. Silicon atoms in the weld plume were excited in the ultraviolet at 221.09 nm and detected at 221.64 nm. We demonstrate the detection of silicon LIF down to laser welding powers of 600 W (210 kW cm−2) making this technique applicable even in low-power laser welding or additive manufacturing scenarios.
Pancreas adenocarcinoma: novel therapeutics

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third highest cause of cancer-related deaths in the US, and is projected to be second only to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by the 2020s. Current therapies have a modest impact on survival and median overall survival (mOS) across all stages of disease remains under a year. Over the last decade, however, great strides have been made in the understanding of PDAC pathobiology including the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), DNA damage repair and mechanism of immunosuppression. Exciting novel therapeutics are in clinical development targeting the TME to increase cytotoxic drug delivery, decrease immunosuppressive cell presence and attack cancer stem cells (CSCs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines and other immunotherapies are actively being studied and novel combinations of targeted agents are being pursued. There is a sense of optimism in the oncology community that these scientific advances will translate into improved outcomes for patients with PDAC in the proximate future. In this review, we examine various novel therapeutics under clinical development with a focus on stromal disrupting agents, immunotherapeutics and DNA damage repair strategies.
Startup incubators and the role of social capital

A value proposition common among startup incubators and clusters is they provide firms with an environment that is more supportive than the open market, for example a high concentration of startups can be conducive to the building of social capital and tacit knowledge by tenants who, upon graduation from such sites, impact the regional economy. The positive impact of social capital on startup survival has been well described in the literature, but the impact of startup incubators and clusters remains inconclusive, with some researchers reporting that the survival rate of firms graduating from incubators or clusters is worse than that of startups that never participated in such sites. The lackluster performance of graduating firms is all the more striking given the opportunity for social capital diffusion in these high density sites, and the importance of social capital to startup success. Empirical tests using the Kauffman Firm Survey find that being in an environment in which social capital is readily accessible does not imply that the startup will engage it. We also find those startups that collaborate with other agents (universities, industries, and government organizations) outperform startups that do not. This result is moderated by industry, i.e. low-versus high-tech.
From Asymmetry to Symmetry: Toward a Dynamic Model of Conflict Development

The past majority of conflict research has been focused on agreement-based team-level conflict, thus overlooking the role of asymmetrical conflict perceptions. The proposed model provides a detailed account of how dyadic conflict asymmetry develops towards symmetry and conflict co-occurrence by incorporating the dual-threshold model of anger communications (Geddes & Callister, 2007). Depending on whether conflict communication between dyad members is suppressive, expressive, or deviant, conflict asymmetry will follow different development paths. Different dyadic states have distinct implications for conflict management interventions. By investigating the exact interactive processes within the dyad, the current model holds promise to offer a comprehensive understanding of how interactions can shape the development of conflict perceptions from asymmetry to symmetry and further to conflict co-occurrence.
Enhancement of resource recovery and sludge digestion by cultivation of phagotrophic algae with alkali-pretreated waste activated sludge and waste ketchup

Abstract The reclamation of waste activated sludge (WAS) organics is often impeded by the long time required for the solid organic matter to solubilize. Here we introduce a fast approach to reclaim WAS by using phagotrophic algae. Phagotrophic algae have unique ability of growing by ingesting insoluble organic particles, which makes the solubilization of WAS organic matter unnecessary and largely accelerates the WAS digestion rate. To facilitate this approach, alkali treatment was evaluated at different pH and time and optimized at pH 10 for 6 h to release microbial cells and other organics from the WAS flocs. Then the alkali-treated WAS was fed to phagotrophic algae. In later experiments, the addition of readily consumable organics, such as waste ketchup (WK), was found to enhance the percentage reduction of WAS organics and algae yield. With WK addition at 0.118:1 (w/w) WK-to-WAS organics, 46–49% of the WAS organic matter was digested within 22 h. The lipid content was 20.8% in the treated biosolids, increased from 6.8% in the original WAS. With the fast digestion rate and high lipid production ability, this new approach has strong potential to improve WAS digestion and utilization.
A phenomenological content analysis of online support seeking by siblings of people with autism

With the sharp increase in diagnosis rates of autism spectrum disorder, more family members are caring for and being raised with individuals with autism. Although research has examined parents’ exp...
Comparing Predicted Additivity Models to Observed Mixture Data

Dose-response relationships are generally assumed to be nonlinear. Standard multiple regression models may approximate the relationship in a narrow dose range but may not adequately approximate the relationship over a wider dose range – which may have a sigmoidal shape. Further, when the number of components in a mixture is large, the required experimental design to test for interactions becomes infeasible using factorial designs. In contrast, tests for departure from additivity may be based on comparing additivity-predicted models to those of mixtures data along fixed-ratio rays of the components. As such, tests for departure from additivity in mixtures should accommodate both nonlinear relationships and efficient experimental designs. In this chapter, we illustrate the strategy using three different basic assumptions about the underlying response surface from single chemical data.
Herglotz Wave Functions in Inverse Electromagnetic Scattering Theory

Ever since the invention of radar during the Second World War, scientists and engineers have strived not only to detect but also to identify unknown objects through the use of electromagnetic waves. Indeed, as pointed out in [19], “Target identification is the great unsolved problem. We detect almost everything; we identify nothing”. A significant step forward in the resolution of this problem occurred in the 1960's with the invention of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and since that time numerous striking successes have been recorded in imaging by electromagnetic waves using SAR [1], [7]. However, as the demands of randar imaging have increased, the limitations of SAR have become increasingly apparent. These limitations arise from the fact that SAR is based on the “weak scattering” approximation and ignores polarisation effects. Indeed, such incorrect model assumptions have caused some scientists to ask “how (and if) he complications associated with radar based automatic target recognition can be surmounted” ([1], p. 5).
Linoleic acid both enhances activation and blocks Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 channels by two separate mechanisms

Linoleic acid (LA) had two effects on human Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 channels expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells: an increase in the speed of current activation process (EC50 = 2.4 and 2.7 μM for Kv1....
MAMMALIAN VIRUSES AS VECTORS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF FOREIGN GENES INTO MAMMALIAN CELLS

Strategies which have been or might be employed to use the DNA's of animal viruses as vectors for the introduction of new genetic information into mammalian cells are discussed. Among the topics considered are: (1) the relative advantages and limitations of using virions as opposed to DNA as the agents for introducing new genetic information into cells; (2) sources of specific genes whose expression might allow selection for and detection of cells containing these genes and other genes linked to them; (3) modifications of viral genomes to make them more effective vectors; (4) problems in detecting expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells; (5) the impact of current biohazard containment regulations on the use of animal viruses as vectors.
The Association of Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine Headache

Multiple observational studies have identified a link between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine headache. PFO is found in 40 to 60 % of people who have migraine with aura compared to 20 to 30 % in the general adult population. It is hypothesized that migraine, especially migraine with aura or other transient neurologic deficits, may be triggered by chemicals that are ordinarily metabolized during passage through the lungs. However, the presence of a right-to-left shunt allows these chemicals to bypass metabolic alteration in the lungs and gain entry to the arterial circulation in a higher concentration so that upon reaching the brain, they stimulate receptors in susceptible individuals which produces the cerebral migraine phenomena. This hypothesis was derived after observations that PFO closure for other reasons, such as decompression sickness in divers or to prevent cryptogenic stroke, resulted in relief of migraine headaches. Although migraine is not currently an indication for PFO closure, the possible benefit of percutaneous PFO closure as a treatment for migraine headache will be revealed as results from further prospective randomized trials become available.
Surgical repair of a left main coronary artery aneurysm.

We report the repair of a 6.5 × 5.3-cm left main coronary artery aneurysm by marsupialization of the aneurysm sac and coronary artery bypass grafting.
OBVIOUSLY STRATEGY‐PROOF IMPLEMENTATION OF TOP TRADING CYCLES

Although there is a rich theoretical literature extolling the virtues of the top trading cycles (TTCs) mechanism, it is rarely used in practice. Anecdotal evidence suggests that one possible explanation is that TTC is difficult for participants to understand. This article formalizes this intuition by asking whether it is possible to implement TTC in an obviously strategy‐proof (OSP) way. I identify an acyclicity condition that is both necessary and sufficient for OSP implementation of TTC. The condition is unlikely to hold in most applications, which may explain why TTC is rarely used, despite its many appealing theoretical properties.
Determination of Epoxy Resin in Transformer Oils by FTIR Method and the Study of Its Damage

As the key equipment of power transmission and transformation system, the reliability of power transformer is directly related to the safe and stable operation of power system. In Guangdong power grid, a batch of epoxy resin insulating paint used in transformers is not compatible with transformer oil, which was dissolved in transformer oil gradually during operation, causing the damage of transformer medium loss and transformer insulation resistance dropping sharply. Therefore, the monitoring of epoxy resin content in transformer oil is an important index to evaluate the insulation performance of transformer oil. In this paper, method of the measurement of epoxy resin in transformer oil was developed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The accuracy and precision of the method. Good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficient (R) equal to 0.9990. Satisfied reliability and reproducibility were achieved by evaluation of relative ranging from 88.7% to 110.2%, and relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 8.42%. The method was further applied to analyze the epoxy resin in 8 running transformer oils. Particularly, the method is suitable for fast determination of the epoxy resin in transformer oils owing to its ease to use in sample treatment and analysis. The relationship between epoxy resin concentration and dielectric loss in transformer oil was also studied, and the results show that the concentration of epoxy resin is positively proportional to the dielectric loss factor (tan$\delta$).
Do residential net metering customers pay their fair share of electricity costs? Evidence from New Mexico utilities

Abstract We find that 67% of New Mexico's residential net-metering (NEM) customers are net buyers of monthly utility energy and, through these energy purchases from the utility, these customers cover 90% of their full cost of service. For those NEM customers that are net-sellers of “excess energy,” their only contribution to utility costs is through a small monthly fixed customer charge. Because NEM residential customers with “excess energy” comprise only 33%, of total NEM residential customers, NEM residential customer coverage of utility fixed costs, including both the net buyers and net sellers, is 65% of the full cost of electricity service.
Electron transfer complexes in the gut dictate high abundance circulating metabolites

It has long been thought that Clostridium and its relatives couple the oxidation of one substrate to the reduction of another, yielding energy in the former step and re-achieving redox balance with the latter. By probing the genetics of reductive metabolic pathways in the gut resident C. sporogenes, we find unexpectedly that electron transfer complexes are required for the production of reduced metabolites. Physiologic measurements in vitro indicate that the reductive pathways are coupled to ATP formation, revealing that energy is captured not just during substrate oxidation, but also during coupled reduction, accounting for ~40% of the ATP generated in the cell. Electron transfer complex mutants are attenuated for growth in the mouse gut, demonstrating the importance of energy capture during reductive metabolism for gut colonization. Our findings revise a long-standing model for energy capture by Clostridium sp., and they reveal that the production of high-abundance molecules by a commensal bacterium within the host gut is linked to an energy yielding redox process.
Factors Associated With Insidious and Noninsidious Disability.

Background Although disability is often precipitated by an illness/injury, it may arise insidiously. Our objectives were to identify the factors associated with the development of insidious and noninsidious disability and to determine whether these risk factors differ between the two types of disability. Methods We prospectively evaluated 754 community-living persons, 70+ years, from 1998 to 2016. The unit of analysis was an 18-month person-interval, with risk factors assessed at the start of each interval. Disability in four activities of daily living and exposure to intervening events, defined as illnesses/injuries leading to hospitalization, emergency department visits, or restricted activity, were assessed each month. Insidious and noninsidious disability were defined based on the absence and presence of an intervening event. Results The rate of noninsidious disability (21.7%) was twice that of insidious disability (10.8%). In multivariable recurrent-event Cox analyses, six factors were associated with both disability outcomes: non-Hispanic white race, lower extremity muscle weakness, poor manual dexterity, and (most strongly) frailty, cognitive impairment, and low functional self-efficacy. Three factors were associated with only noninsidious disability (older age, number of chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms), whereas four were associated with only insidious disability (female sex, lives with others, low SPPB score, and upper extremity weakness). The modest differences in risk factors identified for the two outcomes in multivariable analyses were less apparent in the bivariate analyses. Conclusions Although arising from different mechanisms, insidious and noninsidious disability share a similar set of risk factors. Interventions to prevent disability should prioritize this shared set of risk factors.
Geopersonality of Preventable Death in the United States: Anger-Prone States and Opioid Deaths.

Background:Opioid overdoses have reached epidemic levels in the United States and have clustered in Northeastern and “Rust Belt” states. Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits also vary at the ...
Solitary long-bone epiphyseal lesions in children: radiologic–pathological correlation and epidemiology

Solitary epiphyseal lesions are rare and present with nonspecific imaging features. Knowledge regarding etiologies of pediatric epiphyseal lesions is limited to small studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative incidence of pathologies affecting the pediatric epiphysis based on biopsy-proven cases with imaging. We conducted a retrospective review of imaging studies including the terms “biopsy” or “resection” and entities known to affect the epiphysis and cross-referenced these with pathology reports, recording the relevant clinical data. Two radiologists performed comprehensive imaging review and recorded relevant features. Forty-nine children and adolescents met inclusion criteria. The long-bone epiphyseal lesion etiologies included chondroblastoma (n=22, 45%), nonspecific nonmalignant pathology (n=11, 22%), osteomyelitis (n=9, 18%), lymphoma (n=2, 4%) and 1 case of each of aneurysmal bone cyst, chondrosarcoma, enchondroma, hemangioendothelioma, and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Median age was 13.1 years old (range 1.5–18.6 years). We performed comparative analysis of the two most common lesions in our series, chondroblastoma and osteomyelitis. Chondroblastoma was significantly more likely to be peripherally located (94% vs. 33%, P=0.002) and to demonstrate a discrete T1-weighted hypointense rim (94% vs. 33%, P=0.002); there were no significant differences in enhancement or intrinsic signal properties. Children with chondroblastoma were older (15.1 years vs. 7.3 years, P=0.001), and chondroblastoma lesions were significantly larger, with mean maximum lesion diameter of 25 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 20–30) vs. 12 mm (IQR 11–18) (P=0.001) and lesion volumes of 4.4 mL (IQR 2.4–7.9) vs. 0.4 mL (IQR 0.2–1.4) (P=0.01). This study reports the relative frequency of pathology of pediatric solitary epiphyseal lesions and describes several features that might assist in differentiating between chondroblastoma and osteomyelitis.
Disparities in the Uptake of Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Surge in a Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Population by Patient Demographic Characteristics and Socioeconomic Status.

This cohort study examines the association between patient demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status and engagement in telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mdm2 Loss of Heterozygosity Cooperates with Mutant p53 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

TP53 mutations are observed in 5 to10% of de novo AML cases with dismal disease prognosis and response to therapy. We found that MDM2 loss of heterozygosity (MDM2 LOH) in AML was always concomitant with TP53 missense mutations (log2 odds ratio>3, p Download : Download high-res image (964KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Andreeff: Daiichi-Sankyo; Breast Cancer Research Foundation; CPRIT; NIH/NCI; Amgen; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo; Jazz Pharmaceuticals; Celgene; Amgen; AstraZeneca; 6 Dimensions Capital: Consultancy; Amgen: Research Funding; Centre for Drug Research & Development; Cancer UK; NCI-CTEP; German Research Council; Leukemia Lymphoma Foundation (LLS); NCI-RDCRN (Rare Disease Clin Network); CLL Founcdation; BioLineRx; SentiBio; Aptose Biosciences, Inc: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Differential expression of PACS-1 in normal versus cervical tumor tissue

5454 Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death worldwide with approximately 500,000 deaths per year. Recent micorsatellite studies on HeLa (a cervical cancer cell line), HeLa cell derived non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic hybrids and primary tumors have localized a putative tumor suppressor gene to a 300 kb interval of chromosome 11q13, between markers D11S4908 and D11S5023. This locus encompasses a 5.7 kb homozygous deletion in a primary tumor, in HeLa cells and in HeLa cell derived tumorigenic hybrids. It is likely that, this homozygous deletion locus represents sequences of the tumor suppressor gene. At least eleven known genes are mapped to this region. One of the genes, Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorter-1 (PACS-1), encodes a protein which has been implicated in intracellular vesicular trafficking of proteins such as furin and mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Northern blot studies with PACS-1 probe showed the presence of an aberrant 8 kb transcript in addition to the expected 4.5 kb messenger in cancer cell lines. Western blotting of normal and cervical tumor tissues using a PACS-1 antibody showed a major protein band of 125 KD in normal and tumor tissues. The tumor samples however contained an additional 114KD protein. The differences between normal and tumor cervical tissues indicate a possible splice variation, mutation, and/or post-translational modification that might play an important role in the development of cervical cancer.
The Nature of Damped Ly-alpha Absorbing Galaxies at z<=1--A Photometric Redshift Survey of Damped Ly-alpha Absorbers

We study the nature of damped Lya absorption (DLA) systems at z = -17) to the total neutral gas cross section is not necessary; (4) of the 11 DLAs studied, 45% are disk dominated, 22% are bulge dominated, 11% are irregular, and 22% are in galaxy groups, indicating that galaxies that give rise to the DLAs span a wide range of morphological types and arise in a variety of galaxy environment; (Abridged)