cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature, Aeration, and Moisture on CO(2) Formation in Bench-Scale, Continuously Thermophilic Composting of Solid Waste.

A compost production system was employed to supply uniform material for controlled experiments of factorial design. Over a 96-h composting period, the cumulative amount of CO2 evolved was maximal at 56 to 60°C, an aeration rate that left an O2 residual of 10 or 18% in the exhaust gas and a moisture content of 60% wet weight. Carbon dioxide evolution was submaximal at 64°C and higher.
Frontal gray matter abnormalities predict seizure outcome in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy patients

Developing more reliable predictors of seizure outcome following temporal lobe surgery for intractable epilepsy is an important clinical goal. In this context, we investigated patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) before and after temporal resection. In detail, we explored gray matter (GM) volume change in relation with seizure outcome, using a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach. To do so, this study was divided into two parts. The first one involved group analysis of differences in regional GM volume between the groups (good outcome (GO), e.g., no seizures after surgery; poor outcome (PO), e.g., persistent postoperative seizures; and controls, N = 24 in each group), pre- and post-surgery. The second part of the study focused on pre-surgical data only (N = 61), determining whether the degree of GM abnormalities can predict surgical outcomes. For this second step, GM abnormalities were identified, within each lobe, in each patient when compared with an ad hoc sample of age-matched controls. For the first analysis, the results showed larger GM atrophy, mostly in the frontal lobe, in PO patients, relative to both GO patients and controls, pre-surgery. When comparing pre-to-post changes, we found relative GM gains in the GO but not in the PO patients, mostly in the non-resected hemisphere. For the second analysis, only the frontal lobe displayed reliable prediction of seizure outcome. 81% of the patients showing pre-surgical increased GM volume in the frontal lobe became seizure free, post-surgery; while 77% of the patients with pre-surgical reduced frontal GM volume had refractory seizures, post-surgery. A regression analysis revealed that the proportion of voxels with reduced frontal GM volume was a significant predictor of seizure outcome (p = 0.014). Importantly, having less than 1% of the frontal voxels with GM atrophy increased the likelihood of being seizure-free, post-surgery, by seven times. Overall, our results suggest that using pre-surgical GM abnormalities within the frontal lobe is a reliable predictor of seizure outcome post-surgery in TLE. We believe that this frontal GM atrophy captures seizure burden outside the pre-existing ictal temporal lobe, reflecting either the development of epileptogenesis or the loss of a protective, adaptive force helping to control or limit seizures. This study provides evidence of the potential of VBM-based approaches to predict surgical outcomes in refractory TLE candidates.
Mass-producible and efficient optical antennas with CMOS-fabricated nanometer-scale gap

Optical antennas have been widely used for sensitive photodetection, efficient light emission, high resolution imaging, and biochemical sensing because of their ability to capture and focus light energy beyond the diffraction limit. However, widespread application of optical antennas has been limited due to lack of appropriate methods for uniform and large area fabrication of antennas as well as difficulty in achieving an efficient design with small mode volume (gap spacing < 10nm). Here, we present a novel optical antenna design, arch-dipole antenna, with optimal radiation efficiency and small mode volume, 5 nm gap spacing, fabricated by CMOS-compatible deep-UV spacer lithography. We demonstrate strong surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal with an enhancement factor exceeding 108 from the arch-dipole antenna array, which is two orders of magnitude stronger than that from the standard dipole antenna array fabricated by e-beam lithography. Since the antenna gap spacing, the critical dimension of the antenna, can be defined by deep-UV lithography, efficient optical antenna arrays with nanometer-scale gap can be mass-produced using current CMOS technology.
Estimation of joint impedance using short data segments

Joint impedance is an important property of the human muscular system and plays a role in the control of movement and posture. Previous studies showed that joint impedance varies with the position of the joint and activation level of the surrounding muscles; however, it remains unknown how it varies during movement. Non-parametric algorithms that estimate time-varying impedance do exist; however these algorithms require hundreds of realizations of the same time-varying behavior. In this paper we develop a non-parametric algorithm that can estimate slowly time-varying impedance using multiple short data segments. Using simulated data we evaluate the desired data segment length and the number of realizations needed to yield accurate estimates.
Highly active molybdenum-alkylidyne catalysts for alkyne metathesis: synthesis from the nitrides by metathesis with alkynes.

Terminal nitrido complexes N⋮Mo(OC(CF3)2Me)3 (4), N⋮Mo(OC(CF3)2Me)3(NCMe) (4-NCMe), and N⋮Mo(OC(CF3)3)3(NCMe) (5-NCMe) react irreversibly with 3-hexyne at elevated temperature in hydrocarbon solution to form the corresponding propylidyne complexes EtC⋮Mo(OC(CF3)2Me)3 (3) and EtC⋮Mo(OC(CF3)3)3 (6), long known as exceptionally active catalysts for alkyne metathesis. The propylidyne complexes are isolated as the more readily crystallized 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) adducts for convenience; 3-DME is isolated in 61% yield on a multigram scale.
Partner effects in adolescent conversations

Abstract Twenty-four adolescents participated in social conversations with a same-sex peer, an opposite-sex peer, or a speech–language pathologist (SLP) or graduate student. The conversations were compared in regard to specific verbal and nonverbal behaviors, with the goal of identifying conversational behaviors that may be assessed with validity in a clinical setting. Significant differences were found in speaker and listener linguistic behaviors between conversations with peers and those with clinicians. A trend towards the increase in speaker nonverbal behaviors was also noted with clinician partners. Conversations with opposite-sex peers tended to be characterized by fewer direct questions, reduced listener eye contact, and increased listener nonverbal behaviors than those with same-sex peers. Several behaviors occurred rarely in any group, including physical contact between partners and requests for clarification; others occurred with high frequency in all groups, including eye contact and emotional expression. The implications of these patterns for persons with communication disorders are considered. Educational objectives: (1) To describe communication behaviors that may be measured in adolescent conversations. (2) To identify those communication behaviors that may be influenced by factors related to the conversation partner.
Variability of Persisting MHV RNA Sequences Constituting Immune and Replication-Relevant Domains

Abstract Survivors of acute infection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus develop a persistent infection of the central nervous system associated with chronic ongoing demyelination. Persistence is characterized by viral RNA in the absence of infectious virus. To associate persistence with possible immune evasion and/or replication defects, viral RNA from brains of acutely and persistently infected mice was examined for mutations by reverse transcriptase–PCR. Sequences analyzed included the encapsidation sequence (ECS), the transmembrane domains of the matrix (M) protein, and a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitope within the nucleocapsid (N) protein. The ECS, present only on genomic RNA, revealed minimal variability and was detected out to 120 days postinfection, suggesting low levels of replication. The M gene sequence also remained stable during persistence despite random mutations during the acute phase. Although the N gene sequence exhibited the greatest diversity, mutations were random and not selected for during persistence. A single exception was detected comprising a prominent Pro to Ser substitution in a region of N not associated with any known regulatory or immune function. Of the N gene mutations found within the CTL epitope in responder mice (H-2 d ), one resulted in reduced CTL recognition with no evidence of antagonist activity. However, this mutation was also detected in nonresponder mice (H-2 b ), suggesting that escape variants arising from CTL pressure play no role in establishing persistence in immunocompetent hosts infected as adults.
Effect of excess BaCuO2 on grain boundaries of melt-regrown EuBa2Cu3O7−δ (Eu-123)

Abstract BaCuO2 is found to segregate to the grain surface in Eu-123, where it melts at a temperature below the bulk melting point of Eu-123, coating the grain surfaces, enhancing grain growth, but reducing critical currents. This happens in stoichiometric Eu-123, but can be greatly enhanced by excess BaO. The variation of the ‘irreversibility line’ with BaO content is studied.
From feeble-minded to mentally retarded: child protection and the changing place of disabled children in the mid-twentieth century United States

American attitudes and policies toward children with disabilities changed significantly between the 1920s and the 1950s. Drawn from a larger study of the history of child protection in the United S ...
Reduction of Stability of Arabidopsis Genomic and Transgenic DNA-Repeat Sequences (Microsatellites) by Inactivation of AtMSH2 Mismatch-Repair Function

Highly conserved mismatch repair (MMR) systems promote genomic stability by correcting DNA replication errors, antagonizing homeologous recombination, and responding to various DNA lesions. Arabidopsis and other plants encode a suite of MMR protein orthologs, including MSH2, the constant component of various specialized eukaryotic mismatch recognition heterodimers. To study MMR roles in plant genomic stability, we used Arabidopsis AtMSH2::TDNA mutant SALK_002708 and AtMSH2 RNA-interference (RNAi) lines. AtMSH2::TDNA and RNAi lines show normal growth, development, and fertility. To analyze AtMSH2 effects on germ line DNA fidelity, we measured insertion-deletion mutation of dinucleotide-repeat sequences (microsatellite instability) at nine loci in 16 or more progeny of two to four different wild-type or AtMSH2-deficient plants. Scoring 992 total alleles revealed 23 (2.3%) unique and 51 (5.1%) total repeat length shifts ([+2], [-2], [+4], or [-4] bp). For the six longest repeat loci, the corresponding frequencies were 22/608 and 50/608. Two of four AtMSH2-RNAi plants showed similar microsatellite instability. In wild-type progeny, only one unique repeat length allele was found in 576 alleles tested. This endogenous microsatellite instability, shown for the first time in MMR-defective plants, is similar to that seen in MMR-defective yeast and mice, indicating that plants also use MMR to promote germ line fidelity. We used a frameshifted reporter transgene, (G)7GUS, to measure insertion-deletion reversion as blue-staining β-glucuronidase-positive leaf spots. Reversion rates increased only 5-fold in AtMSH2::TDNA plants, considerably less than increases in MSH2-deficient yeast or mammalian cells for similar mononucleotide repeats. Thus, MMR-dependent error correction may be less stringent in differentiated leaf cells than in plant equivalents of germ line tissue.
Comparing states on outcomes for children with special health care needs.

Objectives: To develop two alternative methods for comparing and ranking states on the health, health care, and well-being of children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Methods: Fifteen key indicators of CSHCN’s functional abilities, health insurance coverage, access to care, and the impact of their conditions on their families were identified from the 2001 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs. An initial composite score for each state was created by averaging the state’s standardized scores for each of these indicators. Using linear regression analyses and standardized residuals, an adjusted composite score for each state was then created that accounted for demographic variables that differed by state and were related to the initial composite score. States were ranked based on the initial and adjusted composite scores. Results: The initial composite scores were related to population differences by poverty status, African-American race, and the prevalence of special health care needs. Compared to ranks based on the initial scores, ranks based on the adjusted scores shifted by 10 or more positions for half the states. Hawaii, Rhode Island, Arizona, Iowa, and North Dakota had the highest (“best”) adjusted scores. Conclusion: Adjustment to the initial composite scores permits states with different demographic compositions to be compared. The adjusted scores may also help raise awareness of CSHCN’s concerns in states where demographic compositions favorable to health outcomes mask the fact that these outcomes are only average (or worse) given the states’ demographic compositions.
Comparison of pattern recognition techniques for the identification of lactic acid bacteria.

Aims: The goal of this study was to evaluate three pattern recognition methods for use in the identification of lactic acid bacteria. Methods and Results: Lactic acid bacteria (21 unknown isolates and 30 well-characterized strains), including the Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus and Oenococcus genera, were tested for 49 phenotypic responses (acid production on carbon sources). The results were scored in several ways. Three procedures, k-nearest neighbour analysis (KNN), k-means clustering and fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM), were applied to the data. Conclusions: k-Nearest neighbour analysis performed better with five-point-scaled than with binary data, indicating that intermediate values are helpful to classification. k-Means clustering performed slightly better than KNN and was best with fuzzified data. The best overall results were obtained with FCM. Genus level classification was best with FCM using an exponent of 1·25. Significance and Impact of the Study: The three pattern recognition methods offer some advantages over other approaches to organism classification.
Effector and suppressor roles for LFA-1 during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Abstract LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) is a member of the β 2 -integrin family of adhesion molecules important in leukocyte trafficking and activation. Although LFA-1 is thought to contribute to the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) primarily through its functions on effector T cells, its importance on other leukocyte populations remains unexplored. To address this question, we performed both adoptive transfer EAE experiments involving CD11a −/− mice and trafficking studies using bioluminescent T cells expressing luciferase under the control of a CD2 promoter (T-lux cells). Transfer of encephalitogenic CD11a −/− T cells to wild type mice resulted in a significant reduction in overall EAE severity compared to control transfers. We also observed, using in vivo imaging techniques, that CD11a −/− T-lux cells readily infiltrated lymph nodes and the CNS of wild type recipients with kinetics comparable to CD11a +/+ transfers, although their overall numbers in these organs were reduced. Surprisingly, transfer of encephalitogenic wild type T cells to CD11a −/− mice induced a severe and sometimes fatal EAE disease course, associated with massive T cell infiltration and proliferation in the CNS. These data indicate that LFA-1 expression on leukocytes in recipient mice plays an important immunomodulatory role in EAE. Thus, LFA-1 acts as a key regulatory adhesion molecule during the development of EAE, serving both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in disease pathogenesis.
Observations and Analysis of the 10–11 June 1994 Coastally Trapped Disturbance

Abstract A coastally trapped disturbance (CTD), characterized by southerly flow at the surface on 10–11 June 1994, was observed from the California Bight to Bodega Bay during a field experiment along the California coast. (North–south approximates the coast-parallel direction.) Data from a special observational network of wind profilers, radio acoustic sounding systems, special surface data, balloon ascents, and a research aircraft were used with satellite and synoptic data to explore both the CTD structure and the regional-scale changes before the event. The disruption of the climatological northerly flow along the central California coast, which preconditioned the area for the development of a CTD, began with the eastward movement of a surface high into Washington and Oregon and the amplification of a thermal low in northern California. As with most CTDs in the region, this occurred over the 2–3 days preceding the CTD’s initiation. These large-scale changes caused westward advection of warm continental ...
Parasexual analysis of human pepsinogen molecular heterogeneity.

Pepsinogens (PGA) are the inactive precursors of pepsin, the major acid protease found in the stomach. Highly polymorphic variation of these proteins has been demonstrated in several populations, and comparison of the DNA restriction fragment patterns obtained from informative pepsinogen phenotypes suggest that the polymorphism results from chromosomal haplotypes containing variable numbers of pepsinogen genes. In order to isolate the three most common PGA haplotypes (A, B, and C) and to unambiguously demonstrate their relationship to the observed protein heterogeneity, we constructed mouse × human somatic cell hybrids from individuals heterozygous for PGA and INS (insulin). Here, we describe analysis of hybrid cell lines that segregated human chromosomes containing the PGAgenes and thereby provided for the parasexual discrimination of the different haplotypes on chromosome 11 determining the corresponding heterozygous phenotypes. These studies demonstrate that the A, B, and C haplotypes contain three, two, and one PGAgenes, respectively. This unusual polymorphism of genomic DNA encoding very similar proteins probably reflects recent evolution by gene duplication.
NUTRITIONAL AND PULMONARY ABNORMALITIES AT THE TIME OF DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS IN INFANTS IDENTIFIED BY NEONATAL SCREENING

The status of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) prior to overt symptomatology is poorly described. Early identification of CF infants through neonatal screening using the immunoreactive trypsinogen assay followed by sweat testing allowed us to evaluate CF patients prior to onset of overt symptoms. Seventeen CF infants (mean age 5.7 weeks) without acknowledged symptoms were studied prior to medical intervention to determine their nutritional and pulmonary status. Eight infants decreased weight percentile from birth to diagnosis despite adequate caloric intake (mean intake 160 cal/kg/day). Triceps skin fold thicknesses were less than the 50th percentile for all infants measured. Three infants had significantly low serum albumin and/or total protein values. Even more strikingly, the group's mean level of prealbumin, a rapid-turnover protein, was significantly (p<.05) lower than that of age-matched normals. In addition, two of 12 infants became hypoxic during sleep, decreasing their transcutaneous PO2 to less than 40 torr. Four infants without previously acknowledged lung disease had abnormal chest x-rays, showing hyperexpansion, linear markings of bronchial cuffing and infiltrates. We conclude that abnormalities of growth, protein metabolism and pulmonary function exist in infants with CF prior to the onset of marked clinical symptomatology. We speculate that some of these deficits may be reversible with medical intervention.
Adolescents' recall of sexual behavior: consistency of self-report and effect of variations in recall duration.

Abstract Purpose: To describe the relationship between adolescents' 2-week, 2-month, and 12-month recall of sexual behavior; to assess the variability of adolescents' self-reported sexual behaviors over a period of 1 year; and to draw conclusions regarding the use of recall periods in measuring self-reported sexual behavior in adolescents. Methods: Data from 296 African-American adolescents (age 12–19 years; 28% male) were analyzed. Baseline data comprise 2-week, 2-month, and 12-month recall of number of partners and frequency of condom-protected and unprotected vaginal, oral, and anal sex. Self-reported frequency of refusal of unprotected sex during the 2-week and 2-month recall periods are also included. To assess variability in self-reports of number of partners and frequency of behaviors over time, repeated measures of 2-week and 2-month recall were collected from a subset of the sample ( n = 129; 24% male). Results: The strength of correlation among responses from the three recall periods was dependent upon (a) the difference in length of the recall periods, and (b) the nature of the construct being recalled (e.g., number of partners vs. number of behaviors). Longitudinally, the variability of 2-week recall responses was generally larger than the variability in 2-month recall responses. Conclusions: Consistent estimates of adolescents' sexual behavior over a 1-year period may be obtained from several assessments of 2-week recall, or from relatively fewer assessments of 2-month recall data.
Salicidation Processes and CoSi2 Resistance Study

The effect of multiple Si processes on the intrinsic sheet resistance of CoSi2 resistors is investigated in this article. It is discovered that CoSi2 intrinsic sheet resistance is not a simple function of the CoSi thickness, but rather depends on many other factors including CD related poly grain size, the mushroom effect, diffusion of As implant during silicidation anneal, and the existence of Ti-Under layer. The findings of this study provided an accurate and stable resistance control on Silicided poly resistor applications.
Toward improved interpretation and theory building of African American male sexualities.

This paper examined five challenges to clear understanding of African American male sexualities: incorrect assumptions of African American homogeneity; an underemphasis on developmental change, the contexts and the meanings of sexual behaviors; and a lack of compelling theoretical grounding for African American sexualities. Critical elements for effective theorizing and research about African American sexualities (i.e. multiple levels of analysis, examination of phenomenological meaning of sexuality, measurement of dynamic/developmental change) were outlined and candidate theories within sexual science (social exchange theories, symbolic interactionism, sexual scripting theory) were analyzed in light of these elements. It is suggested that a re-orientation of sex research about African American men using these elements will result in improved understanding of African American sexualities in multiple contexts.
A psychometric evaluation of the career decision self-efficacy scale-short form in Chinese high school students

This study explores the reliability and validity of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (CDSES-SF) in Chinese high school students. One hundred and eighty-three high school students from a city in northeastern China participated in the study. The results indicate that scores on the CDSES-SF are reliable (internal consistency reliability = .93) with this sample of Chinese high school students. The convergent validity of the CDSES-SF is supported by a moderate correlation between the CDSES-SF and the general self-efficacy. A principal component factor analysis reveals that the CDSES-SF is a generalized measure of self-efficacy for career decision making. In addition, the CDSES-SF is not related to age, gender, and math achievement, but it is correlated with the Chinese language achievement. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of the Chinese socioeconomic environment.
Steroid-Producing Cells Regulate Arterial Tone of Adrenal Cortical Arteries

Adrenal blood flow is coupled to adrenal hormone secretion. ACTH increases adrenal blood flow and stimulates the secretion of aldosterone and cortisol in vivo. However, ACTH does not alter vascular tone of isolated adrenal cortical arteries. Mechanisms underlying this discrepancy remain unsolved. The present study examined the effect of zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells on cortical arterial tone. ZG cells (10(5) to 10(7) cells) and ZG cell-conditioned medium relaxed preconstricted adrenal arteries (maximal relaxations = 79 +/- 4 and 66 +/- 4%, respectively). In adrenal arteries coincubated with a small number of ZG cells (0.5-1 x 10(6)), ACTH (10(-12) to 10(-8) m) induced concentration-dependent relaxations (maximal relaxation = 67 +/- 4%). Similarly, ACTH (10(-8) m) dilated (55 +/- 10%) perfused arteries embedded in adrenal cortical slices. ZG cell-dependent relaxations to ACTH were endothelium-independent and inhibited by high extracellular K(+) (60 mm); the K(+) channel blocker, iberiotoxin (100 nm); the cytochrome P450 inhibitors SKF 525A (10 microm) and miconazole (10 microm); and the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) antagonist 14,15-EEZE (2 microm). Four EET regioisomers were identified in ZG cell-conditioned media. EET production was stimulated by ACTH. We conclude that ZG cells release EETs and this release is stimulated by ACTH. Interaction of endocrine and vascular cells represents a mechanism for regulating adrenal blood flow and couples steroidogenesis to increased blood flow.
Numerical study of convective scale selection in a cloud-topped marine boundary layer

The conditions for the generation of broad convection cells in a cloud-topped, convective, marine atmospheric boundary layer are studied with an idealized two-dimensional model of non-precipitating moist convection. The inversion layer is represented by an elastic upper boundary rather than by the rigid lid that is often employed in these sorts of studies. A necessary condition for the formation of broad cells in the model is that either the convection penetrates the inversion by a distance at least half the average depth of the convecting atmospheric boundary layer, or that the rate of entrainment of dry inversion air is substantially reduced above cloud tops. The penetrative solutions display some similarity with mesoscale cellular convection observed during KONTUR, while the non-penetrative solutions display some similarity with AMTEX observations. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1992.t01-4-00002.x
Creation, Virginity and Diet in Fourth‐Century Christianity: Basil of Ancyra’s On the True Purity of Virginity

Shaw explores the connections between dietary theory, Christian ascetic fasting, gender and the ideology of virginity in late antiquity, especially as represented in the fourth-century treatise on virginity by Basil of Ancyra. With its remarkable attention to the practicalities of embodiment and sexual renunciation, Basil’s treatise is distinctive in its genre. After discussing Basil’s treatise of creation, the nature of male and female sexual attraction and physiology, the control of bodily passions and the value of ascetic fasting for reducing desire, Shaw sets these topics in the context of ancient medical theory, gender and the theology of paradise.
Thermodynamics of carbon in nickel, iron-nickel and iron-chromium-nickel alloys

Iron-nickel alloys with 8 and 16 wt pct nickel and iron-chromium-nickel alloys with 8 pct nickel and chromium contents in the range of 2 to 22 pct were equilibrated with iron and nickel in flowing CH4-H2 gas mixtures and in sealed capsules under partial vacuum at temperatures between 700 and 1060°C. Carbon activities in these alloys were established from the carbon concentrations in the nickel by applying Henry’s law to the solubility of carbon in nickel that was determined in the temperature range of 500 to 1000°C. First-order free-energy interaction parameters were used to relate the carbon activities to composition and temperature in the single-phase austenitic Fe-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. An expression was also developed to evaluate carbon activities in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in the region of higher chromium contents (〉4 wt pct) that result in a two-phase austenite plus carbide mixture at these temperatures.
Processing and commercial application of polymer blends

The number of commercial blends has skyrocketed in the past several years and the trend toward blending—in preference to the creation of new polymer structures—has been firmly established. This paper analyzes the reasons for this growth; the types of commercial products, their manufacturer, and their applications; the patent situation; and possible future directions of the industry.
Computation in cognitive science: it is not all about Turing-equivalent computation

Abstract It is sometimes suggested that the history of computation in cognitive science is one in which the formal apparatus of Turing-equivalent computation, or effective computability, was exported from mathematical logic to ever wider areas of cognitive science and its environs. This paper, however, indicates some respects in which this suggestion is inaccurate. Computability theory has not been focused exclusively on Turing-equivalent computation. Many essential features of Turing-equivalent computation are not captured in definitions of computation as (digital) symbol manipulation. Turing-equivalent computation did not play the role in McCulloch and Pitts’s early cybernetic work that is sometimes attributed to it. Finally, various segments of the neuroscientific community invoke a notion of computation that differs from the Turing-equivalent notion.
Two cases of acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;17) associated with varying morphology and immunophenotype: rearrangement of the MLL gene and a region proximal to the RARα gene

This report describes 2 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which based on the WHO classification would be classified as AML with an 11q23 (MLL) abnormality, but with contrasting morphologic and immunophenotypic profiles. One case had monocytic features (morphologically and immunophenotypically) with a t(11;17)(q23;q21), a previously identified variant translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The second case had morphologic and immunophenotypic features of APL associated with a t(11;17)(q23;q25). In both cases, fluorescence-in-situ hybridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated that the 11q23 breakpoint involved the MLL gene, but RARalpha was not involved in the 17q breakpoints. These cases illustrate the importance of FISH analysis to confirm the presence of a particular recurring rearrangement.
Elastic Scattering of Fast Neutrons by Tritium and He 3

Differential cross sections have been obtained for the elastic scattering of neutrons by tritium and by ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ at ${E}_{n}=1.0, 2.0, 3.5, \mathrm{and} 6.0$ Mev over the angular range 27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 161\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the c.m. system. The Los Alamos large Van de Graaff accelerator and pulsed-beam time-of-flight facility were employed, and the scattering samples were contained in small thin-walled stainless steel spheres. One-third mole of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ was contained at 5000 psi and one-half mole of tritium was prepared in the form of Ca${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$. Absolute cross sections were determined from a comparison with the scattering from a thin shell of C${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ at each energy, together with calibration of the relative sensitivity of the detector as a function of energy by the known forward yield of the $\mathrm{T}(p, n){\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ reaction. The angular distributions for $n$-T scattering are in excellent agreement with the calculations of Bransden, Robertson, and Swan based on a Serber exchange force. The $n$-${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ measurements favor qualitatively the Serber rather than the symmetrical exchange force used in the calculations, but the agreement is poorer than that obtained for $n$-T scattering. The polarization of elastically scattered 1-Mev neutrons was found to be less than 5% for both samples, unlike the strong polarization observed in $n$-${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ scattering.
Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia: Evolution over a five-year period

A Negro girl has been followed from age 1 1/2 to 6 years for a severe musculoskeletal disorder with many of the clinical and roentgenological characteristics of Camurati-Engelmann disease. Atypical features, however, have included a geographic pattern of sclerosis of the long bones, a markedly increased density of the neural arches of the vertebral column, and a sharply demarcated sclerosis in the calvaria. The findings in the long bones and spine have become somewhat less pronounced over a five-year period, but the sclerosis of the skull has increased in both extent and thickness. Initially thought to have Camurati-Engelmann disease, the patient now is considered, on the basis of skeletal changes during this time, to have a diagnosis of craniodiaphyseal dysplasia.
Phonetics and phonology of main stress in Italian

Vowel duration is not contrastive in standard and regional varieties of Italian. However, vowels in stressed open syllables are longer than unstressed vowels or vowels in closed syllables. The increased duration is not equal in all positions. Most notably, the increased duration of a stressed open penultimate syllable is much greater than the duration of a stressed open antepenultimate syllable or a stressed final syllable, which has no noticeable duration increase. Nonetheless, phonological analyses of Italian have characterised length by a single rule (see for example Vogel 1986, Nespor & Vogel 1986) that lengthens non-final main stress vowels regardless of position. Phonetic studies, particularly Farnetani & Kori (1983, 1990) and Marotta (1985), pay closer attention to the duration of stressed vowels in different positions. Although their explanations of stressed vowel duration differ, the common theme is that duration differences are due to shortening vowels as a consequence of word compression or position (antepenultimate or penultimate syllable) in the word.While the phonetic approaches account for differences in duration due to shortening, the phonological approaches propose lengthening with no regard for actual duration differences. The phonetic and phonological approaches to stressed vowel duration in Italian appear to be diametrically opposed. This paper proposes that lengthening a stressed vowel is the correct characterisation of duration differences in Italian, but there is no single rule that lengthens stressed vowels.
Monoclonal antibody-mediated cytotoxicity of adipocytes.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against porcine adipocyte plasma membranes were used to demonstrate complement-mediated cytotoxicity of adipocytes and preadipocytes in primary stromal-vascular (SV) cultures. Five of the six MAbs tested significantly reduced the number of fat cell clusters in cultures maintained in medium supplemented with pig serum and dexamethasone (PS/DEX) but not in cultures supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and selenium (ITS). Neither MAb nor complement alone affected fat cell cluster number. Treatment of both ITS and PS/DEX cultures with pools of 2 or more MAbs, in combination with complement, eliminated fat cell clusters in all instances. Treatment of cultures prior to appearance of cells containing lipid demonstrated that preadipocytes, or adipose lineage cells, could also be eliminated by MAb/complement treatment. Finally, injection of young rats with a pool of three of the MAbs produced a 30% reduction in inguinal fat pad weight without affecting other tissues. Adipocyte/ preadipocyte-depleted cultures can now be used as a model system to examine progression of cells through the adipose cell lineage at a time not previously possible with primary cells.
Predicting shape and stability of air-water interface on superhydrophobic surfaces with randomly distributed, dissimilar posts

A mathematical framework developed to calculate the shape of the air–water interface and predict the stability of a microfabricated superhydrophobic surface with randomly distributed posts of dissimilar diameters and heights is presented. Using the Young–Laplace equation, a second-order partial differential equation is derived and solved numerically to obtain the shape of the interface, and to predict the critical hydrostatic pressure at which the superhydrophobicity vanishes in a submersed surface. Two examples are given for demonstration of the method’s capabilities and accuracy.
Isotopic transient analysis of the ethanol coupling reaction over magnesia

Abstract Isotopic transient analysis of ethanol coupling to butanol over MgO in a fixed-bed reactor at 673 K revealed a surface coverage of adsorbed ethanol equivalent to about 50% of the exposed Mg O atomic pairs. DRIFTS of ethanol reaction at 673 K confirmed that the surface was populated primarily with adsorbed ethoxide and hydroxide, presumably from the dissociative adsorption of ethanol. The coverage of reactive intermediates leading to butanol was an order of magnitude lower than that of adsorbed ethanol, and about half the surface base sites counted by adsorption of CO 2 . The intrinsic turnover frequency for the coupling reaction at 673 K determined by isotopic transient analysis was 0.04 s −1 , which is independent of any assumptions about the nature of the active sites. Although the ethanol coupling reaction appears to involve aldol condensation of an aldehyde intermediate, the high coverage of ethanol under steady-state conditions apparently inhibits unproductive C C coupling reactions that deactivate the catalyst at high temperature.
Exchange bias of mu-metal thin films

Abstract The exchange bias of the soft ferromagnet mu-metal, Ni 77 Fe 14 Cu 5 Mo 4 , with the metallic antiferromagnet Fe 50 Mn 50 has been studied as a function of ferromagnet thickness and buffer layer material. Mu-metal exhibits classic exchange bias behavior: the exchange bias ( H EB ) and coercive fields scale inversely with the ferromagnet's thickness, with H EB varying as the cosine of the in-plane applied field angle. Ta buffers, rather than Cu, allow the mu-metal to retain more of its soft magnetic character while exhibiting exchange bias. The ability to preserve soft ferromagnetic behavior in an exchange biased heterostructure may be useful for low field sensing and other device applications.
Host specificity of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an exotic Opuntia-feeding moth, in Florida

The recent arrival of the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) in Florida in 1989 has raised concern for the native Opuntia cacti. At particular risk is Opuntia spinosissima , whose entire U.S. population consists of 12 plants in the Florida Keys. We examined host choice of both C. cactorum larvae and ovipositing females to determine if any species of native Opuntia are preferred by C. cactorum . In addition, larval performance among Opuntia hosts was examined. Ovipositing moths showed no host preference in interspecific host choice experiments. Although larvae significantly preferred O. spinosissima over the other Opuntia species, larval survivorship on O. spinosissima was less than on O. stricta and O. humifusa . We also examined intraspecific host choice between pads of O. spinosissima to see if any of the 12 remaining plants is more resistant to attack than others. Such information is valuable for future restoration efforts to protect O. spinosissima . No adult or larval host choice was demonstrated in the intraspecific experiments.
Quality-Of-Service Guarantees For Wireless Computer Vision

This paper describes a cost effective and scalable design for a distributed active vision system that consists of mobile cameras, a cluster of high-performance workstations interconnected by a high bandwidth network, and a wireless LAN that connects mobile cameras with the computing cluster. The goal is to support a wireless vision platform that can quickly be moved within a large wireless cell-space by hand, via remote control, or autonomously. The vision algorithms are redesigned to minimize the hardware needed on the mobile platform, and to make us of a distributed network of high-speed nodes accessible by the wireless host machine. This work addresses three problem areas in a distributed active vision system: the design of distributed algorithms for real-time vision processing, the need for network protocol support to achieve real-time guarantees across the wireless network connection, and development of a distributed processing framework. In particular, we present designs to address three aspects of the wireless network protocol problem: providing deterministic guarantees over a multiple access wireless channel, efficient recovery from lost or corrupted packets, and synchronization of video streams. We use active stereo vision and dynamic focus control as examples of the kind of vision tasks that can be supported by this environment.
Log yard fines as a soil amendment : pot and field studies

Abstract This study evaluated the application of high levels of log yard fines (LYF), produced by the screening of log yard residues, as a soil amendment/additive. In both pot and field studies, plant growth decreased as LYF application rate increased. LYF immobilized nitrogen (N) and reduced its availability to plants. In the pot study, both alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerota L.) had low yields at the first harvest but much higher yields at the second harvest, indicating that N immobilization decreased with time. Alfalfa growth was superior to orchard grass in the LYF‐amended pot soil due to its ability to fix N. LYF provided mineral nutrients and organic matter, lowered soil density, and also improved soil moisture retention properties. This study suggested that LYF could be used as a N‐immobilizing mulch or as a soil amendment/additive for marginal farmland when fertilized adequately and allowed to stabilize in the soil.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) sedation: clinical utility of fospropofol.

Fospropofol, a phosphorylated prodrug version of the popular induction agent propofol, is hydrolyzed in vivo to release active propofol, formaldehyde, and phosphate. Pharmacodynamic studies show fospropofol provides clinically useful sedation and EEG/bispectral index suppres- sion while causing significantly less respiratory depression than propofol. Pain at the injection site, a common complaint with propofol, was not reported with fospropofol; the major patient complaint was transitory perianal itching during the drug's administration. Although many clinicians believe fospropofol can safely be given by a registered nurse, the FDA mandated that fospropofol, like propofol, must be used only in the presence of a trained anesthesia provider.
Psychoanalysis and the Catholic Church in Italy: the role of Father Agostino Gemelli, 1925-1953.

Agostino Gemelli, a Catholic priest, psychiatrist, administrator, and educator, was an important figure in the early history of psychoanalysis in Italy. He was one of the few establishment figures to grapple with Freud's ideas in Italy during the first half of the twentieth century, a period during which Italy, compared to the rest of Europe and to the United States, was relatively impermeable to psychoanalysis. One of the factors that contributed to this was the opposition of the powerful Catholic Church, which identified in psychoanalysis a challenge to its authority. The author argues that Father Gemelli's shifting positions about psychoanalysis between 1925 and 1953 reflected the exigencies of his historical circumstances. Gemelli was able to identify in psychoanalysis an integrated view of the human condition in stark opposition to the brutal reductionism of psychiatry in Italy at that time, but also encountered in it elements intolerable to the Church. Examining specifically what it is that Gemelli could accept of psychoanalysis, and what needed to be rejected, between 1925 and 1953, illustrates the particular challenge posed by psychoanalysis to Catholicism in Italy.
UXO detection, characterization, and remediation using intelligent robotic systems

An intelligent robotic system can be distinguished from other machines by its ability to sense, learn, and react to its environment despite various task uncertainties. One of the most powerful sensing modality for robotic system is vision as it enables the robot to see its environment, recognize objects around it and interact with objects to accomplish its task. This paper discusses vision enabling techniques that allows a robot to detect, characterize, classify, and discriminate UneXploded Ordnance (UXO) from clutters in unstructured environments. A soft-computing approach is proposed and validated via indoor and outdoor experiments to measure its performance efficiency and effectiveness in correctly detection and classifying UXO vs. XO and other clutter. The proposed technique has many potential applications for military, homeland security, law enforcement, and in particular, environment UXO remediation and clean-up operations.
Modeling the olfactory bulb and its neural oscillatory processings

The olfactory bulb of mammals aids in the discrimination of odors. A mathematical model based on the bulbar anatomy and electrophysiology is described. Simulations of the highly non-linear model produce a 35---60 Hz modulated activity which is coherent across the bulb. The decision states (for the odor information) in this system can be thought of as stable cycles, rather than point stable states typical of simpler neuro-computing models. Analysis shows that a group of coupled non-linear oscillators are responsible for the oscillatory activities. The output oscillation pattern of the bulb is determined by the odor input. The model provides a framework in which to understand the transform between odor input and the bulbar output to olfactory cortex. There is significant correspondence between the model behavior and observed electrophysiology.
C(sp2)−C(Aryl) Bond Rotation Barrier in N-Methylbenzamide

The potential energy surfaces at different levels of ab initio electronic structure theory with correlation effects included are reported for rotation about the C(sp2)−C(aryl) bond in N-methylbenzamide. The results reveal a minimum at a CCCO dihedral angle of ±28° with barrier heights (MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ//BLYP/DZVP2/A2) of 0.48 kcal/mol at 0° and 2.80 kcal/mol at 90°. Fully optimized geometries are in good agreement with crystal structure data, and potential energy surfaces are consistent with the experimental dihedral angle distribution. The results are used to assign MM3 force field parameters to allow calculation on N-methylbenzamide and other benzamide derivatives.
Michel Henry's Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience and Husserlian Intentionality

Abstract In Voir l’invisible Michel Henry applies his philosophy of autoaffection (which is both inspired by, and critical of, Husserl) to the realm of aesthetics. Henry claims that autoaffection, as non‐objective experience, is essential not only to self‐experience, but also to the experience of objects and their qualities. Intentionality tempts us to experience objects merely from the ‘outside’, but aesthetic experience returns us to the inner life of objects as a lived experience. On the basis of an examination of Henry’s aesthetic theory in the light of Husserl’s analysis of our experience of visible objects, I conclude that revisions are required in both Husserl’s and Henry’s approaches: Husserl’s noema must be considered to be a lived‐through experience, and non‐objective lived‐through experience must be recognized as primordial evidence; Henry’s claim that intentionality makes unreal all that it objectifies must be replaced by a recognition of the interdependence between autoaffection and heteroaff...