cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Allelopathy as a factor in the success ofHelianthus mollis Lam.

A method to rapidly screen species suspected of producing allelochemics, using results from simple bioassay tests, is presented. By measuring the osmotic potential ofH. mollis extracts and using mannitol solutions of comparable osmotic potential, the influence of osmotic potential in the bioassay was eliminated. Nested analysis of variance was used to examine the separate influences of (1) extract concentration, (2) source of plants used in extract preparation (edge or center of clones) (3) osmotic potential of the extract, and (4) the differential development of radicles and shoots of species used in the bioassay tests. Bioassay tests for allelopathy showed that extracts made of wholeH. mollis plants significantly inhibited both radicle and shoot development of radish and wheat, but only the radicle of little bluestem. There was a significant increase in the inhibition of radish shoots and wheat radicles at high concentration of the extract, but the radicle of little bluestem was inhibited more at the lower concentration. Extracts prepared from plants collected from the clone center inhibited radish radicle development significantly more than extracts made of plants growing at the clone edge.
Micro starch gel electrophoresis under petroleum ether.

Abstract A micromethod for starch gel electrophoresis under petroleum ether is described which provides patterns of separation comparable to those obtained with the original vertical technic. In addition, assays are completed within 40 min and employ as little as 0.5 μl. The small amount of material required makes the method ideal for fluids from infants, small laboratory animals, or tissue culture components when quantities are of major importance. The method obviates the need for a cold room, since the petroleum ether acts as a coolant. This facet of the procedure may be particularly useful to prevent chemical alteration of certain proteins, such as enzymes, which may occur during prolonged electrophoresis. Finally, the technic has an inherent flexibility which allows easy modification of reagents and apparatus under varying experimental conditions.
Observation of a novel relaxation process associated with electronic transitions from deep (D) defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

Junction capacitance transient measurements were employed to study the thermal emission of electrons trapped in deep (D) defects in lightly n-doped a-Si:H samples. We conclude that a novel defect relaxation process occurs upon a change of change state of the defect such that an electron's thermal release rate is inversely proportional to its residence time in the defect. Supplemental spin transient measurements indicate that both ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$/${\mathit{D}}^{0}$ and ${\mathit{D}}^{0}$/${\mathit{D}}^{+}$ transitions must be involved. A good fit to our data is obtained if we assume a non-Markovian process for the ${\mathit{D}}^{0}$/${\mathit{D}}^{+}$ transition.
An embarrassment of riches or a poverty of opportunities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to ask what companies should do when sustainable growth rates far exceed revenue growth rates.Design/methodology/approach – Provides an overview of US corporate profitability.Findings – Finds that today, for the first time since 1969, corporate profitability as a share of the gross domestic product exceeds business investments.Originality/value – Is of value in suggesting that shareholders and executives should question how to unlock greater value more quickly from their companies, and understand future shape of businesses in America.
A method for finding “acceptable proposals” in group decision processes

The purpose of this paper is to outline a method or algorithm for finding proposals on which all members of a group can agree. The method is confined to situations where the variables can be changed by any "small" amount and, where the group is attempting to decide on a change in the variables from some "existing situation." The method is applicable regardless of either the number of decision makers or number of variables. It can be used by anyone who is faced with the complicated task of finding a proposal on which all members of a decision making group can agree. Further, use of this method does not require a knowledge of the utility functions.
Wildfires and seasonal aridity recorded in Late Cretaceous strata from south-eastern Arizona, USA

Lithostratigraphic and organic chemostratigraphic studies of fluvial/lacustrine sediments in the Late Cretaceous Fort Crittenden Formation in south-eastern Arizona USA, reveal changes in palaeoclimate and tectonics as well as associated fluctuations in lake level. The lower Fort Crittenden is dominated by marginal wetland to deep-water lake deposits, whereas the upper Fort Crittenden is characterized by wetland to deltaic deposits. Abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and reflectance of fusinite substantiate the impact of wildfires within the watershed. Organic geochemical evidence of wildfires is linked with sedimentological indicators of seasonal aridity suggesting that wildfires were common occurrences. Sedimentological evidence for seasonal aridity includes mottles and pseudoslickensides on ped structures within wetland mudstones. Distinct variations in PAH assemblages, characterized by the number of aromatic rings, indicate that there were variations in the intensities of wildfires, assuming no variations in the types of fuel. Fusinite reflectance values are consistent with combustion temperatures from 470 to 550 � C observed in modern wildfires.
Specialized prenatal care and maternal and infant outcomes in twin pregnancy.

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of a prenatal nutrition and education program on twin pregnancy, neonatal, and early childhood outcomes. Study design This prospective intervention study of women who participated in a specialized program (Program Pregnancies) versus nonparticipants included twice-monthly visits, dietary prescription of 3000 to 4000 kcal per day, multimineral supplementation, and patient education. Results Program Pregnancies were associated with improved pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.41, 95% CI, 0.23-0.75; preterm premature rupture of membranes, AOR 0.35, 95% CI, 0.20-0.60; delivery Conclusion Program participation was associated with improved outcomes at birth and through age 3 years.
The Doctrine of Comparative Cost

I. The value problem in international trade theory, 63. — II. Relation of real costs to value in general theory and in the theory of international trade, 65. — The importance of a unit of measurement of real costs. 66. — III. Position of the doctrine of comparative cost in international trade theory, 72. Treatment by Ricardo and Mill of the relation of real costs to value, 72. — IV. Cairnes and the doctrine of non-competing groups, 77. — Importance of this for the doctrine of comparative cost, 81. — V. Treatment by Bastable and Marshall of therelation of real costs to value in value theory and in the theory of comparative cost, 83. —V I. Summary and conclusion, 92.
Outline of Neutron Scattering Formalism

Neutron scattering formalism is briefly surveyed. Topics touched upon include coherent and incoherent scattering, bound and free cross-sections, the Van Hove formalism, magnetic scattering, elastic scattering, the static approximation, sum rules, small angle scattering, inelastic scattering, thermal diffuse scattering, quasielastic scattering, and neutron optics.
Structure of small catalyst particles

Abstract Catalytic properties of small particles often depend sensitively on particle size and can exhibit activities which are specific to particular site coordinations. We have calculated the equilibrium structures and isomerization rates of small metal particles as functions of number of atoms and temperature by the Monte Carlo method using various forms of interatomic potetials fitted to Ni and to Pd. At low temperature, surface site coordinations, interatomic distances, and surface tension are calculated as functions of particles size. For small particles icosahedral structures containing five atom rings are the most stable, while for large particles crystalline or quasicrystalline structures are the most stable. Upon heating, surface roughening takes place leading to changes in site coordinations. Continuous changes in particle structures can occur at high temperature on a microsecond time scale. Several isomers which exhibit differnt structure are found, and the interconversion rate between these isomers is determined. A discontinuous transition as a function of temperature is observed for particles containing more than atoms thirty which is manifested by an abrupt change in coordination sites at the transition temperature. The first order transition in particle structure would result in different activation energies for reaction as a function of temperature and in large deviations from classical Arrhenius behavior. These results predict that highly non-classical kinetics could be observed in small catalyst particles.
A Mie-Grüneisen EOS with non-constant specific heat

A complete and consistent equation of state based on Mie-Gruneisen assumptions was developed. This EOS assumes constant Gruneisen coefficient, but a variable specific heat that is modeled using Einstein's theory of heat capacities using two oscillators. The shock velocity particle velocity Hugoniot (Us-up) was derived from density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD). The EOS was formatted as a tabular EOS and checked for consistency using one-dimensional impact simulations in CTH.
Dominating points and large deviations for random vectors

We establish a representation formula useful for obtaining precise large deviation probabilities for convex open subsets of a Banach space. These estimates are based on the existence of dominating points in this setting.
X-inactivation and X-reactivation: epigenetic hallmarks of mammalian reproduction and pluripotent stem cells

X-chromosome inactivation is an epigenetic hallmark of mammalian development. Chromosome-wide regulation of the X-chromosome is essential in embryonic and germ cell development. In the male germline, the X-chromosome goes through meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, and the chromosome-wide silencing is maintained from meiosis into spermatids before the transmission to female embryos. In early female mouse embryos, X-inactivation is imprinted to occur on the paternal X-chromosome, representing the epigenetic programs acquired in both parental germlines. Recent advances revealed that the inactive X-chromosome in both females and males can be dissected into two elements: repeat elements versus unique coding genes. The inactive paternal X in female preimplantation embryos is reactivated in the inner cell mass of blastocysts in order to subsequently allow the random form of X-inactivation in the female embryo, by which both Xs have an equal chance of being inactivated. X-chromosome reactivation is regulated by pluripotency factors and also occurs in early female germ cells and in pluripotent stem cells, where X-reactivation is a stringent marker of naive ground state pluripotency. Here we summarize recent progress in the study of X-inactivation and X-reactivation during mammalian reproduction and development as well as in pluripotent stem cells.
ALL-SKY STROMGREN PHOTOMETRY OF SPECKLE BINARY STARS

All-sky Stromgren photometric observations were obtained for 303 speckle binaries. Most stars were in the range of V = 5 to 8. These data, when combined with ratios of intensities from the CHARA speckle photometry program, will allow the determination of photometric indices for the individual components of binary stars with separations as small as 0.05 arcsec. These photometric indices will complement the stellar masses from the speckle interferometry observations to provide a much improved mass-luminosity relationship.
Effects of Processing Conditions on Lipolysis in Milk

Abstract Lipolysis, as measured by acid degree value, was observed in processed milk samples. Temperature of pasteurization was a key factor in control of lipase activity. Minimum legal pasteurization was not adequate to prevent lipolysis completely in samples stored for 7 days at 5°C. However, in most cases heating to 76.7°C for 16s did prevent lipolysis from reaching sensory threshold. Varying the holding times from 16 to 24s did not affect lipolysis when temperature was 74.4°C or higher. Varying homogenization pressures from 105 to 211 kg/cm 2 did not alter lipolysis significantly. Differences were noted between eight herd milks for extent of prepasteurization lipolysis and thermal inactivation of lipases in these samples.
Providing Developmentally Appropriate Intervention to Infants and Young Children with Handicaps.

The intervention strategies commonly used to teach young children with handicaps are often too developmentally advanced in cognitive displacement, social decentration, and communicative purpose or conventionality for optimal learning. Five specific principles of learning for the develop-mentally young child are presented, with descriptions of strategies that can be used to facilitate ascendance to higher levels of cognitive-social-communicative functioning.
Laser Raman studies of conformational variations of poly‐L‐lysine

The frequencies and intensities of the laser Raman spectra of poly-L-lysine (PLL) have been observed in the following studies: (1) the thermally induced α-to-β transition which occurs with increasing temperature at high pH; (2) the ionized form to α transition at 10°C by increasing pH; and (3) the ionized form to α transition by ionic strength at low pH. The frequency-dependent bands which have been observed are the amide I (in H2O), amide I′ (in D2O), amide III, and C–C stretch. It has been found possible to assign an unique set of frequencies and intensities to each conformation of PLL of α, β, and ionized form. In this way the nature of the conformations intermediate in the transitions can be determined. The frequencies of the amide III and amide III′ are very weak in the α-helix and somewhat higher than usual in the β form. Hence it appears the amide III and amide III′ bands may differ from one type of polypeptide to another with the same backbone conformation.
Physiology, Immunologic and Metabolic Responses to Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery has become a widely accepted standard of care for various intra-abdominal procedures, particularly colectomy. The creation of pneumoperitoneum has the potential to alter normal homeostatic mechanisms, but in general alters physiology to a lesser degree than open surgery, which translates into improvements in postoperative recovery. In addition, there are important variations in the immunologic response to laparoscopic surgery in comparison with open surgery. While all the innumerable interactions that occur both at the local site of surgery and systemically are still being elucidated, it does seem that these differences may have implications in terms of oncologic outcomes.
Rapid solidification processing of 7XXX aluminium alloys: A review

Abstract A review is presented of the development of 7XXX aluminum alloys produced by rapid solidification processing. The relevant parameters of the rapid solidification techniques discussed are presented, as well as the resulting mechanical properties of the rapidly solidified alloys. The motivation behind the research on rapidly solidified aluminum and other classes of alloys is superior structure control and enhanced alloying capabilities, resulting in improved properties. The best tensile properties of 7XXX RS aluminum alloys are summarized and compared. On the basis of such a performance it should be evident that continued research and development is vital in order that toughness properties and crack growth rates also be optimized through further improvements in structure, in particular to achieve significantly greater control of the oxide content and its distribution. Processing control appears to be the most viable route at present.
Drinking motives and college alcohol problems: a prospective study

AbstractAlcohol misuse among college students is well-documented, and cross-sectional research has identified attempts to cope with unpleasant emotions, enhance pleasant emotions, facilitate social interactions and conform to peers as distinct motivational pathways impacting alcohol-related consequences. Despite these findings, results from the prospective literature have been mixed. In the current study, a multi-institutional sample of first-year college students was surveyed at two points in time to measure alcohol-related problems and students’ drinking motives. Cross-lagged structural models indicate that pleasant emotion enhancement and depression coping motives were positively related to changes in alcohol-related problems over time. These results suggest interventions and prevention programs which focus on students’ use of alcohol to alter their emotions should be given greater attention.
Marginal Vitamin B 12 Intake during Gestation in the Rat has Long Term Effects on the Offspring

IT is now evident that malnutrition of the foetus or of the infant results in long term abnormalities in the physical, clinical and behavioural characteristics of the organism1–4. Experimental studies have generally dealt with the effects of severe malnutrition. There is reason to believe that less severe dietary imbalances, more likely to occur in population groups of the Western world, if imposed at an early stage, may have profound, adverse effects much later in life. Because the nutrient demands per unit of body weight are presumably higher in the foetus than in the newborn, a diet which is considered fully adequate for post-natal development does not necessarily provide, when consumed by the mother, an adequate nutritional environment for the developing foetus.
Thermal fluctuations and the minimum electrical field that can be detected by a biological membrane

Thermal electrical noise in living cells is considered to be the minimum threshold for several biological response mechanisms that pertain to electric fields. Existing models that purport to explain and interpret this phenomena yield perplexing results. The simplest model, in which the biomembrane is considered to be a linear dielectric, yields an equilibrium noise level that is several orders of magnitude larger than what is observed experimentally. An alternative approach of estimating the thermal noise as the Nyquist noise of a resistor within a finite frequency bandwidth, yields little physical insight. In this work, we argue that the nonlinear dielectric behavior must be accounted for. Using a statistical mechanics approach, we analyze the thermal fluctuations of a fully coupled electromechanical biomembrane. We develop a variational approximation to analytically obtain the benchmark results for model fluid membranes as well as physically reasonable estimates of the minimum electrical field threshold that can be detected by cells. Qualitatively, at least, our model is capable of predicting all known experimental results. The predictions of our model also suggest that further experimental work is warranted to clarify the inconsistencies in the literature.
Confocal Raman microscopy for simultaneous monitoring of partitioning and disordering of tricyclic antidepressants in phospholipid vesicle membranes

Characterization of drug–membrane interactions is important in order to understand the mechanisms of action of drugs and to design more effective drugs and delivery vehicles. Raman spectra provide compositional and conformational information of drugs and lipid membranes, respectively, allowing membrane disordering effects and drug partitioning to be assessed. Traditional Raman spectroscopy and other widely used bioanalytical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) typically require high sample concentrations. Here, we describe how temperature-controlled, optical-trapping confocal Raman microscopy facilitates the analysis of drug–membrane interactions using micromolar concentrations of drug, while avoiding drug depletion from solution by working at even lower lipid concentrations. The potential for confocal Raman microscopy as an effective bioanalytical tool is illustrated using tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which are cationic amphiphilic molecules that bind to phospholipid membranes and influence lipid phase transitions. The interaction of these drugs with vesicle membranes of differing head-group charge is investigated while varying the ring and side-chain structure of the drug. Changes in membrane structure are observed in Raman bands that report intra- and intermolecular order versus temperature. The partitioning of drugs into the membrane can also be determined from the Raman scattering intensities. These results demonstrate the usefulness of confocal Raman microscopy for the analysis of drug–membrane systems at biologically relevant drug concentrations. Effective tools for monitoring drug–membrane interactions are crucial for rational design of new drugs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereospecific synthesis of an α-mannosidase inhibitor relatedto swainsonine

Abstract A stereospecific synthesis of pyrrolidine 2 , an analog of swainsonine and an inhibitor of lysosomal α-D-mannosidase, is described.
Nationalism and Literature: The Politics of Culture in Canada and the United States

1. Introduction: cultural fields and literary use 2. Nation-building and the historical timing of a national literature in the United States 3. Nation-building and the historical timing of a national literature in Canada 4. The canonical novels: the politics of cultural nationalism 5. The literary prize-winners: revision and renewal 6. The bestsellers: the economics of publishing and the convergence of popular taste 7. Literary meaning and cultural use Appendices.
Electromagnetic Field-induced Stimulation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase

Here we present evidence that exposure of DT40 lymphoma B-cells to low energy electromagnetic fields (EMF) results in activation of phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLC-gamma2), leading to increased inositol phospholipid turnover. PLC-gamma2 activation in EMF-stimulated cells is mediated by stimulation of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Src-related TEC family of protein tyrosine kinases, which acts downstream of LYN kinase and upstream of PLC-gamma2. B-cells rendered BTK-deficient by targeted disruption of the btk gene did not show enhanced PLC-gamma2 activation in response to EMF exposure. Introduction of the wild-type (but not a kinase domain mutant) human btk gene into BTK-deficient B-cells restored their EMF responsiveness. Thus, BTK exerts a pivotal and mandatory function in initiation of EMF-induced signaling cascades in B-cells.
Nonprime memory systems and error correction in address translation

Using a prime number p of memory banks on a vector processor allows a conflict-free access for any slice of p consecutive elements of a vector stored with a stride not multiple of p. To reject the use of a prime number of memory banks, it is generally advanced that address computation for such a memory system would require systematic Euclidean division by the number p. The Chinese Remainder Theorem allows a simple mapping of data onto the memory banks for which address computation does not require any Euclidean division. However, this requires that the number of words in each memory module m and p be relatively prime. We propose a method based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem for moduli with common factors that does not have such a restriction. The proposed method does not require Euclidean division and also results in an efficient error detection/correction mechanism for address translation.
2‐Adamantyl Chloroformate

[53120-53-9] C11H15ClO2 (MW 214.69) InChI = 1S/C11H15ClO2/c12-11(13)14-10-8-2-6-1-7(4-8)5-9(10)3-6/h6-10H,1-5H2 InChIKey = WUVZDJSSAGWPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for introducing the 2-adamantyloxycarbonyl protecting group) Alternate Name: 2-Adoc-Cl. Physical Data: mp < 40 °C. Solubility: soluble in 1,4-dioxane, DMF. Form Supplied in: colorless crystals. Commercially available from Watanabe Chemical Industries (Hiroshima, Japan). Preparative Methods: 2-adamantyl chloroformate (2-Adoc-Cl) is synthesized from 2-adamantanol and phosgene in a manner similar to 1-adamantyl chloroformate.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: irritant; avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothes; avoid breathing dust, vapor, moisture, or gas; corrosive; combustible; moisture sensitive. Store under nitrogen. Keep tightly closed and refrigerated. A bottle stored for a long-term may develop pressure.
Stiffness loss and density decrease due to thermal cycling in an alumina fiber/magnesium alloy composite

Abstract Thermal expansion mismatch between a ceramic reinforcement and a metallic matrix can lead to thermal stresses under cyclic temperature conditions. This can lead to plastic deformation of the ductile metallic matrix, void formation at the reinforcement/matrix interface, and possible fracture of the reinforcement. Stiffness and density were used as damage parameters to study damage evolution as a function of thermal cycles in a unidirectional, continuous alumina fiber Al 2 O 3f /ZE41A Mg alloy composite. Specimens were thermally cycled up to 3000 cycles between room temperature (22 °C) and 300 °C. The incidence of void formation increased with the number of cycles. Stiffness and density of this composite decreased with thermal cycling. Using Mackenzie's equation, the damage in elastic modulus was correlated to the damage in density of the composite. The damage rate in terms of modulus and density initially increased with number of cycles, and after a maximum, gradually decreased.
Matching with preferences over colleagues solves classical matching

In this note, we demonstrate that the problem of “many-to-one matching with (strict) preferences over colleagues” is actually more difficult than the classical many-to-one matching problem, “matching without preferences over colleagues.” We give an explicit reduction of any problem of the latter type to a problem of the former type. This construction leads to the first algorithm which finds all stable matchings in the setting of “matching without preferences over colleagues,” for any set of preferences. Our construction directly extends to generalized matching settings.
Ovarian follicular dynamics and duration of estrus and diestrus in Arabian vs. Quarter Horse mares

Arabian and Quarter Horse mares (n = 5 mares per breed in 1990 and 12 mares per breed in 1991), kept under identical conditions, were used to study breed differences in some aspects of ovarian function. Arabian mares had a smaller ovulatory follicle diameter on the first day of estrus (Day 0, 29.5 ± 1.1 mm, mean ± SE) compared with Quarter Horse mares (33.3 ± 1.2 mm; P < 0.05). Although Arabian mares had a longer mean interval from Day 0 to ovulation (110.7 ± 8.4 h vs. 84.6 ± 6.1 h; P < 0.05), Quarter Horse mares had a larger follicle prior to ovulation (43.3 ± 1.1 mm vs. 40.3 ± 0.7 mm; P < 0.05). Additionally, estrus was longer in Arabian (6.2 ± 0.4 days) vs. Quarter Horse mares (4.9 ± 0.38 days, P < 0.05). This preliminary study showed differences in some aspects of ovarian function between mares of two breeds, Arabian and Quarter Horse.
Hippocampal size predicts rapid learning of a cognitive map in humans

The idea that humans use flexible map-like representations of their environment to guide spatial navigation has a long and controversial history. One reason for this enduring controversy might be that individuals vary considerably in their ability to form and utilize cognitive maps. Here we investigate the behavioral and neuroanatomical signatures of these individual differences. Participants learned an unfamiliar campus environment over a period of three weeks. In their first visit, they learned the position of different buildings along two routes in separate areas of the campus. During the following weeks, they learned these routes for a second and third time, along with two paths that connected both areas of the campus. Behavioral assessments after each learning session indicated that subjects formed a coherent representation of the spatial structure of the entire campus after learning a single connecting path. Volumetric analyses of structural MRI data and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) indicated that the size of the right posterior hippocampus predicted the ability to use this spatial knowledge to make inferences about the relative positions of different buildings on the campus. An inverse relationship between gray matter volume and performance was observed in the caudate. These results suggest that (i) humans can rapidly acquire cognitive maps of large-scale environments and (ii) individual differences in hippocampal anatomy may provide the neuroanatomical substrate for individual differences in the ability to learn and flexibly use these cognitive maps. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ligand-mediated nuclear mobility and interaction with estrogen-responsive elements of estrogen receptors are subtype specific

b-Estradiol (E2) plays important roles in functions of many tissues. E2 effects are mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) aandb. ERsregulatetranscriptionsthrough estrogen-responsiveelement (ERE)-dependent andERE-independent modes of action. ER binding to ERE constitutes the basis of the ERE-dependent pathway. Direct/indirect ER interactions with transcriptioncomplexesdefineERE-independentsignaling.ERssharefunctionalfeatures.Ligand-boundERsnevertheless inducedistincttranscriptionprofiles.LivecellimagingindicatesadynamicnatureofgeneexpressionsbyhighlymobileERs. However, the relative contribution of ER mobility at the ERE-independent pathway to the overall kinetics of ER mobility remains undefined. We used fluorescent recovery after a photo-bleaching approach to assess the ligand-mediated mobilities of ERE binding-defective ERs, EREBD. The decrease in ERa mobility with E2 or the selective ER modulator 4-hydroxyl-tamoxifen (4HT) was largely due to the interaction of the receptor with ERE. Thus, ERa bound to E2 or 4HT mediates transcriptions from the ERE-independent pathway with remarkably fast kinetics that contributes fractionally to the overall motility of the receptor. The antagonist Imperial Chemical Industries 182 780 immobilized ERas. The mobilities of ERb and ERbEBD in the presence of ligands were indistinguishable kinetically. Thus, ERb mobility is independent of the nature of ligands and the mode of interaction with target sites. Chimeric ERs indicated that the carboxyl-termini are critical regions for subtype-specific mobility. Therefore, while ERs are highly mobile molecules interacting with target sites with fast kinetics, an indication of the hit-and-run model of transcription, they differ mechanistically to modulate transcriptions.
The Transformation of French Industrial Relations: Labor Representation and the State in a Post-Dirigiste Era

Despite continued social protest, something quite fundamental has changed in the regulation of class relations in France. This article explores two paradoxes of this transformation. First, a dense ...
Vancomycin-Intermediate and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: What the Infectious Disease Specialist Needs to Know

Ever since the first strain of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and teicoplanin was reported from Japan, there has been a lot of confusion regarding the laboratory and clinical approach to patients with infections due to S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. To date, 6 clinical infections with vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) have been reported in the United States. Intermediate resistance appears to develop from preexisting strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in the presence of vancomycin, and all but 1 infection occurred in patients with exposure to dialysis for renal insufficiency. Detection of VISA is difficult in the laboratory, and special inquiries about susceptibility testing methods may be needed. These VISA-infected patients had underlying illnesses, and their infections did not appear to respond well to conventional treatment. Prevention strategies have been outlined. Without continued vigilance in enforcing infection-control measures, improved use of antimicrobials, and coordination of efforts among public health authorities, increasing levels of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus are likely to be encountered.
A Re-examination of Orthothecium hyalopiliferum (Hypnales)

Abstract Orthothecium hyalopiliferum is morphologically distinct at the species level from O. intricatum on the basis of its silky soft appearance, the presence of very narrow lanceolate leaves with a leaf tip to leaf base ratio of 1:2 or less; and piliferous leaf tips that end in 3–6 single cells. Orthothecium hyalopiliferum is presently known only from the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, and Yunnan.
Bioflavonoids as poisons of human topoisomerase IIα and β

769 Type II topoisomerases are the primary targets of some of the most successful anticancer drugs used to treat human malignancies. Topoisomerase II removes knots and tangles from the genetic material by creating transient double-stranded breaks in the backbone of DNA. Agents that increase enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage are called topoisomerase II poisons due to their ability to convert topoisomerase II from an essential enzyme to a potent cellular toxin. Many anticancer drugs kill cells by acting as topoisomerase II poisons. Furthermore, naturally occurring topoisomerase II poisons such as bioflavonoids are an integral component of the human diet. Studies suggest that the dietary intake of these compounds provides numerous health benefits to adults, including a reduction in several forms of cancer. Despite the therapeutic effects of bioflavonoids, they also display clastogenic properties. Ingestion of bioflavonoids by pregnant women has been linked to the initiation of specific types of infant leukemias. The mechanistic basis for the physiological actions of these compounds is not known, as they have a variety of effects on human cells. However, it has been suggested that at least some of the cellular effects of bioflavonoids are mediated through their actions on topoisomerase II. While most poisons display activity against topoisomerase IIα and β, the relative contribution of the two isoforms to either the therapeutic or leukemogenic properties of these drugs are not known. Therefore, the present study more fully defines the activity and mechanism of action of bioflavonoids against human topoisomerase IIα and β. Genistein and several other bioflavonoids enhanced DNA cleavage mediated by both enzyme isoforms, however, topoisomerase IIβ was more sensitive to most of the compounds. Consistent with previous reports, bioflavonoids required -OH groups at the 5,7, and 4’ positions for enhanced enzyme-induced DNA scission. Our studies indicate that the 5- and 4’-OH moieties of isoflavones are important because they mediate binding to topoisomerase II. The presence of additional -OH groups on the pendant phenyl ring appear to increase sensitivity of topoisomerase IIβ to these compounds. Protein mutagenesis identified one of the consensus ATP binding sites on topoisomerase IIα as a potential site of interaction of genistein. Although bioflavonoids can undergo redox cycling, they do not alter the DNA cleavage activity of the enzyme through a quinone-based mechanism. Finally, bioflavonoids increased DNA cleavage by topoisomerase IIα and β in cultured human CEM leukemia cells, however, genistein induced significantly less phosphorylation of histone H2AX than did etoposide. These results provide insight into the mechanism of action of bioflavonoids against human type II topoisomerases. This work is supported by NIH grants GM33944 and CA09582.
Thermal transport to droplets on heated superhydrophobic substrates

Abstract This paper reports on measurements of thermal transport to solitary sessile water droplets placed on heated superhydrophobic substrates maintained at constant temperature. A single water droplet of nominally 3 mm diameter is placed on a preheated substrate and allowed to evaporate completely while being imaged from two angles with video cameras and an infrared camera. Substrate temperatures are varied from 60 °C to 230 °C and total evaporation time and heat transfer rate are determined. Three different rib-patterned superhydrophobic substrates are investigated of 0.5, 0.8, and 0.95 cavity fraction (relative projected cavity area of substrate to total projected surface area). The rib features range in width from 2 to 30 μm and in height from 15 to 20 μm. Results are also obtained for a smooth hydrophobic substrate for comparison. Droplet evaporation times increase with substrate cavity fraction while overall heat transfer rates decrease. At subcritical substrate temperatures the Nusselt number is larger for lower cavity fraction substrates. For supercritical substrate temperatures, as the cavity fraction increases nucleate boiling is delayed to higher substrate temperatures and the Leidenfrost point occurs at lower temperature. At the highest cavity fraction explored nucleate boiling does not occur at any substrate temperature. At temperatures above the Leidenfrost point the influence of cavity fraction is negligible.
States in 13 C via Neutron Polarization Investigations for the 9 Be(α, n) 12 C Reaction

Angular distributions of the neutron polarization for the $^{9}\mathrm{Be}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, {n}_{0})^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{9}\mathrm{Be}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, {n}_{1})^{12}\mathrm{C}^{*}$ (4.43-MeV) reactions have been measured at six projectile energies in the 4.5- to 5.85-MeV interval. Large polarizations are observed for both neutron groups over the whole energy range, making both groups useful sources of polarized neutrons. The ground-state neutronpolarization angular distributions have been analyzed simultaneously with the recent cross-section data of Obst et al. using an $S$-matrix search code to make ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ assignments to states in $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ in the 13- to 15-MeV excitation energy range. The combined data set can be adequately described over the whole energy range by assuming the presence of at least five broad states. The ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ assignments and the probable excitation energies for these states are given.
Checking the structure of fusion-cast baddeleyite-corundum BKCh products with the radio-wave method

Owing to the large dimensions and weight and also the high cost of BKCh articles, they should be quality controlled by nondestructive methods of the radiowave type. In the first case this method is useful for selecting BKCh articles for the most critical elements of the structure, e.g., the channel of tank furnaces.
An introduction to methodological and substantive contributions of microwear analysis

The goal of the symposium was to demonstrate the variety of substantive contributions that mlcrowear analysis Is making to our understanding of the rela tionships between functional data and site function, settlement patterns, economic strategies, and social life in simple through complex cultural systems. In addition, new techniques of indentlfying and under standing mlcrowear traces were highlighted from the dilferent techniques mlcrowear analysts utilize today from optical observations with stereoand incident light microscopy, to very high magnifications possible with the Scanning Electron Microscope, to the line resolution permitted with the Atomic Force Micro scope. The importance of experimentation was present In all contributions. Exemplary mlcrowear studies from forager to hierarchically organized cultures across eastern North America and Mesopotamia were repre sented.
Rapid in vivo detection of rat spinal cord injury with double‐diffusion‐encoded magnetic resonance spectroscopy

PURPOSE Diffusion-weighted imaging is a common experimental tool for evaluating spinal cord injury (SCI), yet it suffers from complications that decrease its clinical effectiveness. The most commonly used technique, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is often confounded by effects of edema accompanying acute SCI, limiting its sensitivity to the important functional status marker of axonal integrity. The purpose of this study is to introduce a novel diffusion-acquisition method with the goal of overcoming these limitations. METHODS A double diffusion encoding (DDE) pulse sequence was implemented with a diffusion-weighted filter orthogonal to the spinal cord for suppressing nonneural signals prior to diffusion weighting parallel to the cord. A point-resolved spectroscopy readout (DDE-PRESS) was used for improved sensitivity and compared with DTI in a rat model of SCI with varying injury severities. RESULTS The DDE-PRESS parameter, restricted fraction, showed a strong relationship with injury severity (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.67). Although the whole-cord averaged DTI parameter values exhibited only minor injury relationships, a weighted region of interest (ROI) based DTI analysis improved sensitivity to injury (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of SCI, DDE-PRESS demonstrated high sensitivity to injury with substantial decreases in acquisition time and data processing. This method shows promise for application in rapid evaluation of SCI severity. Magn Reson Med 77:1639-1649, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Characterization of Paraoxon-ethyl and Parathion-ethyl Complexes with β-Cyclodextrin Modified Zirconium Oxide Thin Films by Infrared Spectroscopy

ABSTRACTThe detection of organophosphate compounds was demonstrated using sol–gel materials made of zirconia composite films. The detection was performed via inclusion complexes of the organophosphates of paraoxon-ethyl and parathion-ethyl with the zirconium dioxide-β-cyclodextrin composite film. The formation of sol–gel thin film process was investigated and optimized. The morphology of zirconium dioxide with β-cyclodextrin gel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for the characterization of the inclusion complexes of paraoxon-ethyl and parathion-ethyl on zirconium dioxide with β-cyclodextrin film. The hydrolysis of paraoxon-ethyl by zirconium dioxide with the β-cyclodextrin gel thin film caused peak shifts in the attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra. The increase in absorption intensity correlated with increasing paraoxon-ethyl concentration, but this ...
Karyotype analysis in large sample cases from Shenyang Women's and Children's hospital: a study of 16,294 male infertility patients

To explore that it is necessary to routinely detect chromosomes in infertile patients, we investigated peripheral blood lymphocyte karyotype in 16,294 male infertile patients in the north-east of China and analysed the incidence and type of chromosomal anomaly and polymorphism. G-banding karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed in 16,294 cases. Semen analysis was performed three times in all the men. PCR and FISH confirmed the presence of the SRY gene. The rate of chromosomal anomaly in the 16,294 male infertile patients was 4.15% (677/16,294). The rates of chromosomal anomaly were 0.24% in normal semen group, 12.6% in light oligoasthenospermia group, 4.7% in moderate-to-severe oligoasthenospermia group and 9.59% in azoospermia group. There are two male infertile patients with 45,X chromosome karyotype. One X male patient had confirmed the presence of the SRY gene and FISH analysis demonstrated its location on the p arm of chromosome 13. The other X male patient had not found SRY gene in its whole-genome DNA. Meanwhile, sperm motility is slightly oligo-asthenozoospermic at the age of 35-39 and nearly azoospermic at the age of 40-45. As the rates of chromosomal anomaly are 0.24% and 12.6% even in normal semen group and light oligoasthenospermia group, the rates of chromosomal polymorphism are 5.36% and 25.51% in normal semen group and light oligoasthenospermia group, respectively; it is necessary to explore peripheral blood lymphocyte karyotype in all infertile couples. We mentioned that Y, 1, 2, 9 and 12 chromosomes were quite important about male infertility. These findings demonstrate that autosomal retention of SRY can be submicroscopic and emphasise the importance of PCR and FISH in the genetic workup of the monosomic X male. At the same time, it suggested that male infertility might be related to meiotic disturbances with spermatogenetic arrest in Y-autosome translocations, which could result in infertility by reduction of sperm production. Last but not least, ageing is one of the factors that could reduce sperm motility and quality.
Individual (Personalized) Vulnerabilities

The science of pharmacogenomics has provided new research approaches and tools to understand and address the role that individual genetic background plays in determining susceptibility to disease and drug response. The precise contribution of any genetic variant on an individual’s health status is, however, confounded by the sizable impact of environmental factors such as nutritional intake. Nowhere is the difficulty of this task clearer than in the management of a successful pregnancy. A healthy perinatal environment is one in which the medical, nutritional, and genetic needs of two individuals must be balanced to maintain the health of the mother and ensure the proper development of the fetus. The focus of this chapter is to examine some of the current understandings of complex interactions of nutrition and drug usage on developmental outcome and the role that genetics plays in modifying the response to environmental challenges. A brief review of the science of pharmacogenomics is included. Then, using some familiar examples such as phenylketonuria, folic acid and antidepressants, and gene–nutrition and gene–drug interactions are reviewed in the context of advancements in our understanding of how individualized genomic variations alter the potential outcomes of a pregnancy. While most of the individual determinants of the dynamic perinatal environment remain elusive, this chapter examines how advancement in understanding the complex interaction of genetics, nutrition, and pregnancy outcome can be translated to enhanced personalized therapies to better protect the health of the mother and the fetus.
The arithmetic-geometric mean of Gauss (1984)

Paper 3: David A. Cox, “The arithmetic-geometric mean of Guass,” L’Enseignement Mathematique, vol. 30 (1984), p. 275–330. Reprinted by permission.
Transition-Focused Professional Development: An Annotated Bibliography of Essential Elements and Features of Professional Development:

Transition professional development (PD) has been identified as a way to improve transition services; however, there is a dearth of literature on transition-focused PD. To learn more about the esse...
Haploidentical Transplants: Nonmalignant Diseases in Adults

Haploidentical transplantation is becoming a common practice in recent times particularly after the introduction of post-transplant cyclophosphamide by the Johns Hopkins group (Luznik et al. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 14(6):641–650, 2008; Bacigalupo et al. Adv Hematol 2016:7802967, 2016). In the past, the excessive morbidity and mortality caused by the HLA-mismatched transplant made this intervention very high risk for treatment-related mortality, but nowadays it appears that the outcomes are similar to those of HLA-matched transplants, i.e., HLA-matched, related, or unrelated (Ciurea et al. Blood 126(8):1033–1040, 2015; Kanate et al. Blood 127(7):938–947, 2016; Ghosh et al. J Clin Oncol 34(26):3141–3149, 2016). In fact, they appear to compare well with other alternative donors such as cord transplants (Brunstein et al. Blood 118(2):282–288, 2011). There are many potential advantages in using haploidentical donors as alternative donors when needed. Given that the toxicity seen in haploidentical transplants is not different compared with other types of allogeneic transplant approaches, its use in hereditary nonmalignant disorders seems logical for exploration. In this chapter, the results of such approach in patients with hereditary nonmalignant disorders will be reviewed.