cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Polemics of Exile in Jeremiah 26-45

1. The hermeneutics of citation: Jeremiah 26 2. The identification of legitimate Israel: Jeremiah 26-32:15 Excursus 1. The redaction of Jeremiah 1-25:13+OAN Excursus 2. The re-engagement of the royal line in Jeremiah 33:14-26 3. The standards of faith and intermediation: Jeremiah 34-36 4. The fall of Judah, the descent into Egypt, and Baruch ben Neriah: Jeremiah 37-45 Excursus 3. The 'words of Jeremiah' and Seraiah's colophon in the MT and LXX traditions 5. The polemics of exile 6. The exilic coalition between the Shaphanides and Levites.
X-Ray Photoelectron Diffraction

Publisher Summary X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) is a very powerful tool for studying the orientations and bonding of small molecules on surfaces. In this chapter, the basic concepts and uses of X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) for surface-, interface-, and magnetic-structural studies are discussed. The primary focus is also on scanned-angle photoelectron diffraction carried out at typical XPS energies of about 1.5 keV. For this case, two modes of experiment are possible: scanning the polar angle theta, which is defined relative to the surface or scanning the azimuthal angle phi. The chapter discusses in detail the study of an unusual bonding state of CO on Fe(001) and the oxidation of Ni(001) using XPD. This study describes the broad range of exposures over which XPD can be used to derive useful structural information, as well as its sensitivity to the degree of order in a strained pseudoepitaxial overlayer. A further illustration of the use of forward scattering effects in epitaxy comes from polar-scan experimental data in which the number of epitaxial layers of Cu(001) on Ni(001) has been varied and the change in the resulting Cu XPD observed. Overall, XPD has considerable potential for the study of the morphology of about the first 1–5 layers of an epitaxial system.
Ship Space to Database: Motivations to Manage Research Data for the Deep Subseafloor Biosphere

Author(s): Darch, Peter; Borgman, Christine L. | Abstract: What motivates the building of databases by scientific collaborations? In this paper, we argue that not only are databases being built to support scientific work per se, but also with the intention of performing a variety of social functions. To explore this, we present findings from a longitudinal ethnographic case study of a large, multidisciplinary, distributed scientific project studying subseafloor microbial life. A critical element of this project’s Data Management Plan is the construction of a data portal. We found a range of factors motivating not only the very construction of this portal, but also the inclusion of particular features. In addition to scientific factors relating to improved curation and accessibility of diverse and scarce data, we argue that the building of the portal is also motivated by social factors. One such factor is the attempt to build a community of domain researchers to endure beyond the end of this project in 2020. Another motivation is the possibility of using the portal as a tool to demonstrate the productivity of the project’s scientific domain in negotiations about the allocation of scarce and valuable ocean drilling cruise resources amongst multiple, competing scientific domains. Considering the social factors, in addition to scientific factors, that motivate the construction of scientific databases enriches accounts of how these databases are built.
Note on the Calculation of Transport Properties of Gas Mixtures

As a result of recent theoretical studies on transport properties of gases by Hirschfelder, et al., and others, the dynamic viscosity (µ), the thermal conductivity (λ), and the mechanical diffusivity (D), as well as the dimensionless ratios Prandtl Number (Pr = C_p µ/λ, where C_p = specific heat at constant pressure), Schmidt Number (Sc =µ/ρD, where ρ = density), anq λ/ρC_pD may now be calculated rapidly and with a reasonable degree of accuracy both for pure gases and for mixtures of gases, provided that the temperature of the gases is not too low. This happy state of affairs does not seem to be realized by aeronautical engineers, and it is the purpose of the present note to call attention to it.
Attending Tocqueville's School

This interdisciplinary study critically examines the extent to which nonprofit organizations possess the ability and wherewithal to function as Tocqueville's "schools for democracy" and to provide entree into a larger arena of civic and political engagement. More specifically, the study explores the role of participation on boards of nonprofit organizations in the building of individuals' civic capacity and in the strengthening of democratic governance. Using a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the nonprofit and civic engagement literature as well as qualitative case-study research, the study identifies the perceived intrapersonal, political, and civic effects of nonprofit-board participation and determines whether the effects that participants discuss are the same as those that are assumed in the literature. In doing so, the study both supports and challenges the existing theoretical and normative arguments regarding the democratic benefits of individual citizen involvement with nonprofit organizat...
A Briefing on the Ekpyrotic/Cyclic Universe

This is a short overview of the ekpyrotic/cyclic model of the universe, an alternative to the standard big bang inflationary paradigm.
The practice of authentication

One of the most pervasive problems in military and in commercial communications-like systems is the need to authenticate digital messages; where authentication is interpreted broadly to mean verification both that a message was originated by the purported transmitter and that it has not been altered subsequently, which includes verifying that it is not a repetition of an earlier legitimate but already accepted message. The terminology ttmessagetl is a carryover from the origins of the problem in communications systems, but as used here includes resident computer software, data bank information, access requests and passes or passwords, hand-shaking exchanges between terminals and central facilities or between card readers and teller machines, etc.; i.e., digital information exchange over a suspect channel or interface in general. The need to authenticate information presupposes an opponent(s) — who may in some circumstances be either the transmitter or receiver — that desires to have unauthentic messages be accepted by the receiver, or by arbiters, as authentic or else to fraudulently attribute to the transmitter messages that he did not send.
Rheological Principles for Food Analysis

Food scientists are routinely confronted with the need to measure physical properties related to sensory texture and processing needs. These properties are determined by rheological methods, where rheology is a science devoted to the deformation and flow of all materials. Rheological properties should be considered a subset of the textural properties of foods, because the sensory detection of texture encompasses factors beyond rheological properties. Specifically, rheological methods accurately measure “force,” “deformation,” and “flow,” and food scientists and engineers must determine how best to apply this information. For example, the flow of salad dressing from a bottle, the snapping of a candy bar, or the pumping of cream through a homogenizer are each related to the rheological properties of these materials. In this chapter, we describe fundamental concepts pertinent to the understanding of the subject and discuss typical examples of rheological tests for common foods. A glossary is included as Sect. 30.6 to clarify and summarize rheological definitions throughout the chapter.
Sorsby's fundus dystrophy in a family with a Ser-181-CVS mutation in the TIMP-3 gene: poor outcome after laser photocoagulation.

Abstract PURPOSE: Mutations in the TIMP-3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3) gene can cause Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (SFD) and lead to choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) formation. We studied a large American family of Irish Protestant descent with CNV inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, to determine the phenoptype and to learn whether a mutation was present in TIMP-3. METHODS: Twelve members of 5 generations were evaluated clinically, with psychophysical and electroretinographic testing, and by fluorescein angiography. Blood samples for DNA extraction were obtained from 21 affected and unaffected family members and from 1 unrelated spouse. DNA sequence was determined, and affected individuals showed a Ser-181-Cys mutation in TIMP-3 exon 5. RESULTS: Observable pathology involved primarily the macula, and both the full-field ERG and visual fields were normal. Acute CNV occurred during the third through fifth decades, with second eyes typically also affected during the subsequent year. Three affected members complained of nyctalopia prior to developing CNV. A Ser-181-Cys mutation in the TIMP-3 gene cosegregated with CNV in 10 affected subjects but was absent in 3 relatives at risk and sufficiently old to trust the clinical designation of normalcy. Nine eyes of 6 family members were treated by laser photocoagulation by 5 different ophthalmologists for foveal and juxtafoveal CNV. All eyes had recurrent CNV and lost acuity to 20/300 or less within several months. CONCLUSIONS: Laser photocoagulation of CNV did not stem vision loss in this SFD family. Although possible benefits of laser treatment were not put to formal clinical trial owing to the limited number of Sorsby's cases, it appears that photocoagulation is not of long-term benefit for preserving vision loss from the TIMP-3 Ser-181-Cys mutation. Several younger family members with the mutation are thus far not clinically affected and are being followed up.
Performance assessment based on an empirically derived task taxonomy.

This report reviews and discusses a number of the methodological questions relating to the application of an experimental-correlational approach to the problem of assessing complex performance. The...
Ultrafast laser-induced modifications of energy bands of non-metal crystals

Ultrafast laser-induced variations of electron energy bands of transparent solids significantly influence ionization and conduction-band electron absorption driving the initial stage of laser-induced damage (LID). The mechanisms of the variations are attributed to changing electron functions from bonding to anti-bonding configuration via laser-induced ionization; laser-driven electron oscillations in quasi-momentum space; and direct distortion of the inter-atomic potential by electric field of laser radiation. The ionization results in the band-structure modification via accumulation of broken chemical bonds between atoms and provides significant contribution to the overall modification only when enough excited electrons are accumulated in the conduction band. The oscillations are associated with modification of electron energy by pondermotive potential of the oscillations. The direct action of radiation's electric field leads to specific high-frequency Franz-Keldysh effect (FKE) spreading the allowed electron states into the bands of forbidden energy. Those processes determine the effective band gap that is a laser-driven energy gap between the modified electron energy bands. Among those mechanisms, the latter two provide reversible band-structure modification that takes place from the beginning of the ionization and are, therefore, of special interest due to their strong influence on the initial stage of the ionization. The pondermotive potential results either in monotonous increase or oscillatory variations of the effective band gap that has been taken into account in some ionization models. The classical FKE provides decrease of the band gap. We analyzing the competition between those two opposite trends of the effective-band-gap variations and discuss applications of those effects for considerations of the laser-induced damage and its threshold in transparent solids.
A circuit for interfacing photocells and phototransistors with laboratory recording and counting equipment

Abstract 1. 1. The output of photocells and phototransistors must often be converted into uniform pulses in order to interface properly with laboratory counting and recording equipment. 2. 2. The following circuit performs this function and provides maximum flexibility in output parameters.
Design of sub-wavelength size indium tin oxide clad optical disk resonators with quality factors>10 4 in visible wavelengths

The Q-factors of nano-scale disk optical resonators incorporating planar indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are significantly improved by optimizing the cavity geometry. Calculated Q-factors exceed 104 for optical cavities of sub-wavelength size in all dimensions.
Computational Investigation of Reactive to Nonreactive Capture of Carbon Dioxide by Oxygen-Containing Lewis Bases

Recent work has shown that room temperature ionic liquid systems reactively absorb CO(2) and offer distinct advantages over current CO(2) capture technologies. Here we computationally evaluated CO(2) interaction energies with a series of oxygen-containing Lewis base anions (including cyclohexanolate and phenolate and their respective derivatives). Our results show that the interaction energy can be tuned across a range from reactive to nonreactive (or physical) interactions. We evaluated different levels of theory as well as possible corrections to the interaction energy, and we explained our calculated trends on the basis of properties of the individual anions. We found that the interaction energy between CO(2) and the Lewis bases examined here correlates most strongly with the atomic charge on the oxygen atom. This insight provides a useful handle to tune the anion-CO(2) interaction energy for future experimental and computational studies of novel CO(2) capture systems.
Ensemble brightening and enhanced quantum yield in size-purified silicon nanocrystals

We report on the quantum yield, photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, and ensemble photoluminescent stability of highly monodisperse plasma-synthesized silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) prepared though density-gradient ultracentrifugation in mixed organic solvents. Improved size uniformity leads to a reduction in PL line width and the emergence of entropic order in dry nanocrystal films. We find excellent agreement with the anticipated trends of quantum confinement in nanocrystalline silicon, with a solution quantum yield that is independent of nanocrystal size for the larger fractions but decreases dramatically with size for the smaller fractions. We also find a significant PL enhancement in films assembled from the fractions, and we use a combination of measurement, simulation, and modeling to link this "brightening" to a temporally enhanced quantum yield arising from SiNC interactions in ordered ensembles of monodisperse nanocrystals. Using an appropriate excitation scheme, we exploit this enhancement to achieve photostable emission.
Pre-conquest plant fibers from the tehuacan valley, mexico

Altogether, a total of 46 samples, selected by the archeologists as cotton, were examined. of these, more than half (32 samples) are cotton or largely cotton. The cotton grown and used in the Tehuacan area varies widely in color from pure white to rich brown. The bulk of the cotton was an off-white or tan color. In three instances, cotton yarns which had apparently been specially coated were found. Several samples of yarn had been dyed red or blue. The remaining samples of fiber include pochote orCeiba seed fiber, leaf fiber (includingAgave leaf fiber), bast fiber, and one sample of urticaceous fiber (probablyBoehmeria). In several instances, the bast fibers are fine and soft, and had been made into yarn or textile. One of these yarns was dyed red. In five samples, abundant animal hair was found with the cotton fiber. All of these samples were found in El Riego Cave. Probably, animal hair was spun into the cotton yarns deliberately.
ThermoData Engine (TDE): software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept. 2. Equations of state on demand and dynamic updates over the web.

ThermoData Engine (TDE) is the first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept, as reported recently in this journal. The present paper describes two major software enhancements to TDE: (1) generation of equation of state (EOS) representations on demand and (2) establishment of a dynamically updated experimental data resource for use in the critical evaluation process. Four EOS formulations have been implemented in TDE for on-demand evaluation: the volume translated Peng−Robinson, modified Sanchez-Lacombe, PC-SAFT, and Span Wagner EOS. The equations are fully described with their general application. The class structure of the program is described with particular emphasis on special features required to implement an equation, such as an EOS, that represents multiple properties simultaneously. Full implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept requires that evaluations be based on an up-to-date “body of knowledge” or, in the case of TDE, an up-to-date collection of...
Catalytic pyrolysis of green algae for hydrocarbon production using H+ZSM-5 catalyst

Abstract Microalgae are considered as an intriguing candidate for biofuel production due to their high biomass yield. Studies on bio-oil production through fast pyrolysis and upgrading to hydrocarbon fuels using algal biomass are limited as compared to other terrestrial biomass. Therefore, in this study, a fresh water green alga, Chlorella vulgaris, was taken for pyrolysis study. The average activation energy for pyrolysis zone was found to be 109.1 kJ/mol. Fixed-bed pyrolysis of algae gave a bio-oil yield of 52.7 wt.%, which accounts for 60.7 wt.% carbon yield. In addition, analytical pyrolysis of C. vulgaris was carried out in a Py/GC–MS to identify major compounds present in bio-oil with and without catalyst (H+ZSM-5). The study found that in catalytic-pyrolysis, as the catalyst loading increased from zero to nine times of the biomass, the carbon yield of aromatic hydrocarbons increased from 0.9 to 25.8 wt.%.
Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy: The clinical significance of extensive avascular villi

Thrombosis of large fetal vessels in the placenta leads to regions of downstream avascular villi (AV). Avascular villi have been associated with adverse outcomes in anecdotal reports, but no controlled study of their significance has been done. We prospectively gathered cases of extensive AV (n = 29) occurring over a 2-year period at the Institute of Pathology at Case Western Reserve University and compared obstetric history, coexistent placental pathology, and neonatal outcome to gestational age-matched controls in a case control study. The diagnosis of extensive AV required one or more of the following characteristics: 2.5% or more of total villous parenchyma affected, foci in multiple sections, or a single lesion measuring 0.25 cm2 or larger. Women with AV placentas had increased rates of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), acute and chronic monitoring abnormalities, oligohydramnios, and maternal coagulation disorders. Placentas with AV were more likely to have coexistent chronic villitis, membrane hemosiderin, meconium in all three membrane layers, and villous chorangiosis. Finally, among the subgroup of neonates older than 34 weeks gestation without congenital malformations or coexistent placental pathology (n = 18), we identified significant abnormalities, including major thrombotic events (n = 5), neonatal death (n = 2), umbilical artery pH less than 7.10 (n = 4), platelet count less than 150,000 (n = 4), increased nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) counts (n = 7), and transient hypoglycemia (n = 4). Placental features correlating with clinical abnormalities included percentage of greater than 30% AV, recent platelet and fibrin aggregates, and multifocal disease involving more than one histological section.
Should adults with suspected acute bacterial meningitis get adjunctive corticosteroids

Yes, they should receive dexamethasone starting with or immediately before the first dose of antibiotics.
Pediculosis capitis in preschool and school children: control with a shampoo containing gamma benzene hexachloride.

Summary Forty-seven children affected with pediculosis capitis were treated with a shampoo containing 1 per cent gamma benzene hexachloride. A single shampooing sufficed toeradicate infestation with pediculi and viable nits in all cases. The effect was achieved in a few minutes, the actual contact period of about 4 minutes and the total procedure taking no more time than an average shampoo. Nurses and parents who administeredthe treatment reported it was both simple and pleasant to use, and readily accepted by the patient.
Contour Inferences for Image Understanding

We present a new approach to the algorithmic study of planar curves, with applications to estimations of contours in images. We construct spaces of curves satisfying constraints suited to specific problems, exploit their geometric structure to quantify properties of contours, and solve optimization and inference problems. Applications include new algorithms for computing planar elasticae, with enhanced performance and speed, and geometric algorithms for the estimation of contours of partially occluded objects in images.
Hydrosilylation of 1-Pentyne by Triethylsilane Catalyzed by Phosphine-Rhodium Complexes

The hydrosilylation of 1-pentyne by triethylsilane has been investigated using rhodium catalysts, formed by displacement of cyclooctene from dichlorotetrakis(cyclooctene)dirhodium(I) by various molar ratios of phosphines. The results are interpreted in terms of isomerization of an intermediate vinylrhodium complex.
Peer Nominations: A Model, Literature Critique and a Paradigm for Research.

Abstract : Peer ratings have been empirically demonstrated to have remarkably high validity in the prediction of diverse future performance criteria and much research has been devoted to investigating the validity of peer ratings; however, no organized effort has been made to provide a theory of the process. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the peer ratings literature, and argues that the development of a theoretical foundation for sociometric analysis could be achieved by constructing a class of empirical decision process models which describe the thought processes people engage in while rating each other.
Isolation of calcium tolerant myocytes from adult rat hearts: Review of the literature and description of a method

Abstract Myocytes have been isolated from adult rat hearts since 1969. The early preparations exhibited the Ca2+ paradox. Over the ensuing years, numerous groups have reported the isolation of Ca2+ tolerant cardiac myocytes. In the present review, detailed comparisons have been made of the yields, viability, and relative Ca2+ tolerance of these different myocyte preparations. The factors to which these investigators attributed the increased Ca2+ tolerance are considered and the current information regarding the mechanism of the Ca2+ paradox is reviewed. A method is given which incorporates several of the modifications described. By this method 40–60% of the ventricular weight was disaggregated into single myocytes within 45 min after the sacrifice of the rats. Viability without further purification was 82 ± 0.7% (n = 35) and Nai+/Ki+ ratios were normal. Upon incubation with 2 mM Ca2+ for 1 hr at 37°C, viability decreased by 6% and ATP and creatine phosphate remained at physiological levels. The preparation is very stable since upon incubation in culture medium containing fetal bovine serum and 1.25 mM free Ca2+ at 25°C for 20 hr, viability decreased only 13% (rod-shaped and trypan blue criteria). The factors which contribute to the quality and Ca2+ tolerance of this preparation are discussed.
Memory-for-Designs performance of brain-damaged and non-damaged psychiatric patients.

Summary.-20 brain-damaged and 20 non-damaged psychiatric patients, equated by groups for sex, CA, and verbal IQ, were compared on Memory-ForDesigns performance. Significantly higher raw scores were obtained by the braindamaged than the non-damaged Ss (p < .01). Although distribution of d~agnostic group ratings as brain-damaged, borderline, or "normal" deviated s~gn~flcandy from chance in the expected direction (p < .01), 28% of the females and 36% of the males were not clearly identified as damaged or non-damaged. A d~chorolnized cutting score between 6 and 7, however, improved the accuracy rate to 89% for females and 82% for males. A positive correlation has been obtained between scores on the Memory-ForDesigns and the Bender-Gestalt test as indicators of brain damage in mental hospital patients. Anglin, et al. ( 1965) obtained point-biserial correlations of .55 for the Bender and .67 for the Memory-For-Designs test in relation to a dichotomous criterion rating of brain-damaged or non-damaged based on staff diagnoses. These validity coefficients did not differ significantly. Inter-rater reliability. coefficients were, however, higher for the Memory-For-Designs test (.96 to .98) than for the Bender (.67 to 37). Quattlebaum (1968) obtained a correlation of .85 between Memory-For-Designs scores znd Bender scores. Sixty-nine percent of all Ss scored in the same range on both tests, and no S scored in the critical range for brain damage on one test and in the normal range on the other. May, et al. (1970) tested the discrimination power of the Memory-For-Designs with a group of 23 patients having cerebral disorders, 33 patients without cerebral disorders, and 19 alcoholic patients. Using an analysis of covariance to control for group age differences, they found that the patients with cerebral brain disorder made significantly more raw score errors than did patients in the other two groups. However, L'Abate, eb al. (1962) found that a similar test, the Benton Revised Visual Retention test, failed to discriminate significantly between brain-damaged and schizophrenic psychiatric patients in terms of numbers of errors. Watson (1968) also found that both the Benton and the Memory-ForDesigns tests failed to differentiate between brain-damaged and schizophrenic psychiatric patients. The purpose of the present study was to provide a further test of the discrimination power of the Memory-For-Designs in differentiating between psychiatric patients with and without diagnosed brain damage. Separate groups of male and female Ss in both diagnostic groups were included to permit examination of the relative discrimination power of the Memory-For-Designs for the separate sex groups.
Reversible Changes in Nucleosome Structure and Histone H3 Accessibility in Transcriptionally Active and Inactive States of rDNA Chromatin

The sulfhydryl reagent iodoacetamidofluorescein (IAF) was used to probe the structure of chromatin subunits in transcribed and nontranscribed regions of Physarum rDNA. IAF labels histone H3 -SH groups in the elongated monomeric subunits (A particles) from the transcribed region, but it does not label H3 in the 11S monomers from the nontranscribed central spacer. All H3 reactivity is lost from rDNA chromatin in the inactive spherule stage of Physarum. Restriction cleavage of rDNA chromatin generates fragments from the transcription unit with reactive H3 -SH groups, whereas fragments containing nontranscribed spacer sequences are unreactive. The extended rDNA chromatin contains all four core histones and other prominent proteins. Electron microscopy shows that most of the extended subunits consist of two roughly spherical bodies connected by a 50 bp nucleoprotein bridge.
A Catalog of Optically Selected Cores

We present a new catalog of 406 dense cores optically selected by using the STScI Digitized Sky Survey (DSS). In this catalog 306 cores have neither an embedded young stellar object (EYSO) nor a pre-main-sequence (PMS) star, 94 cores have EYSOs (one core has both an EYSO and a PMS star), and six cores have PMS stars only. Our sample of dense cores in the catalog is fairly complete within a category of northern Lynds class 5 and 6 clouds and southern Hartley et al. class A clouds, providing a database useful for the systematic study of dense cores. Most of the cores listed in the catalog have diameters between 0.05 and 0.36 pc with a mean of ~0.24 pc. The sizes (~0.33 pc in the mean) of cores with EYSOs are found to be usually larger than the sizes (~0.22 pc in the mean) of starless cores. The typical mean gas density of the cores is ~7 ? 103 cm-3. Most of the cores are more likely elongated than spherical (mean aspect ratio: ~2.4). The ratio of the number of cores with EYSOs to the number of starless cores for our sample is about 0.3, suggesting that the typical lifetime of starless cores is 0.3-1.6 Myr, about 3 times longer than the duration of the class 0 and class I phases. This lifetime is shorter than expected from models of ambipolar diffusion, by factors of 2-44.
THE HISTORY OF TELEDERMATOLOGY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Telemedicine has existed for longer than most people realize, but in many ways it is a new clinical modality. It will alter the delivery of dermatology care, especially to locations that are unserved or underserved by dermatologists who are in deployed military forces. A dermatologic office visit involves the transfer of information between the patient and the provider, allowing diagnosis and therapy. Such information is historic and objective. All consultations, whether "curbside," telephonic, or televisual, involve the transfer of medical information. Dermatologists jokingly suggest that the referring provider "hold the rash closer to the phone." Teledermatology in its simplest sense is the interpretation of electronically transmitted images and clinical history to reach a diagnosis and provide recommendations for therapy. It indeed allows the referring provider to "hold the patient closer to the phone". This article provides an introduction to selected principles of teledermatology, a history of their development and use by the Department of Defense (DoD), and a glimpse at some new DoD initiatives in teledermatology.
Shimon + ZOOZbeat: an improvising robot musician you can jam with

ZOOZbeat is a gestural mobile musical controller that allows novices and musicians to improvise with Shimon, an autonomous robotic marimba player designed to create inspiring human-robot musical interactions that lead to novel musical experiences and outcomes. Shimon combines computational modeling of music perception, interaction, and improvisation with the capacity to produce melodic and harmonic acoustic responses through choreographic gestures. The robot, therefore, "listens like a human and improvises like a machine".
A DIRECT NONLINEAR ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF STATE FEEDBACK LINEARIZABLE SYSTEMS

Abstract A direct nonlinear adaptive control of state feedback linearizable single-input single-output systems is proposed in the case when parametric uncertainties are represented linearly in the unknown parameters. The main feature of the proposed nonlinear adaptive control system is that the linearizing coordinate transformation and the state feedback are updated by parametric adaptive law, derived using the second method of Lyapunov. The proposed adaptive control scheme is relatively straightforward and simple in the sense that it does not use the concept of augmented error. This adaptive control scheme is numerically applied to an exothermic chemical reactor system and is compared with the nonadaptive stale feedback linearization which has an integral action. The simulation shows that the proposed adaptive control scheme can be applied effectively to highly nonlinear, uncertain chemical systems.
Direct observation of vibrational relaxation in highly excited HCN

Direct measurements of state-specific vibrational self-relaxation rates for highly excited HCN are reported at energy contents which range between 6500–10000 cm−1. By combining single photon overtone vibration excitation with a laser-induced fluorescence probe of the vibrationally energized species the following rate constants were obtained (k/cm3 molecule−1 s−1): k(1,2,1)=(69±16)×10−12; k(3,0,1)=(35±4)×10−12); k(0,0,3)=(14±4)×10−12. The role of intermolecular V—V transfer is discussed and the possibility of deactivation by complex formation is examined.
High spontaneous mutation frequency of BPV shuttle vector.

A recombinant shuttle vector containing the entire bovine papillomavirus (BPV) genome, sequences from pBR322, and the Escherichia coli gpt gene was used to transform mouse C127 cells. Plasmid extracted from the transformed mouse cells was used to transform a Gpt− derivative of E. coli HB101, and the relative frequency of plasmids carrying a mutation in the gpt gene was determined. Approximate mutant frequencies of 3-16×10−3 were observed for plasmid molecules which had been passaged through the mammalian cells. Restriction digest analysis indicated that most of the mutant plasmid molecules had gross rearrangements in their DNA structures.
Carbon isotope composition of graphite and carbonate minerals from 3.8-AE metamorphosed sediments, Isukasia, Greenland

Abstract Graphite comprises about 2% of some of the 3.8-AE metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of Isukasia, west Greenland. δ13CPDB of carbon in this graphite ranges from −16.0 to −9.3‰. For those samples that contain both graphite and siderite, Δcarbonate-graphite is about 6; this fractionation is consistent with an inorganic equilibrium between siderite and graphite at roughly 400–500°C. It is likely that graphite found in these rocks formed by the reaction: 6FeCO3 = 2Fe3O4 + 5CO2 +C in which case it is of little help in determining whether or not organisms were active 3.8 AE ago. The presence of quartz-magnetite-cummingtonite-iron formation in the Isukasia metasedimentary sequence may, ultimately, be one of the most powerful environmental indicators remaining in these rocks.
Stereospecific oxidation of aliphatic alcohols catalyzed by galactose oxidase

Abstract The stereospecificity of galactose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.9) from Dactylium dendroides in the oxidation of simple three-carbon alcohols has been examined. The enzyme oxidizes glycerol to optically pure S(−)glyceraldehyde. In addition to this prochiral stereospecificity, galactose oxidase also exhibits enantiomeric stereospecificity in the oxidation of 3-halo-1,2-propanediols: the R isomer appears to be a better substrate than its S counterpart. The above stereochemistry of galactose oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of “unnatural” substrates, non-sugar alcohols, can be predicted on the basis of the conformation of the natural substrate of the enzyme, D-galactose.
Aerodynamic forces induced by vertically oscillating incoming flow on a yawed horizontal circular cylinder

Abstract Large-amplitude vibrations of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges are an aeroelastic phenomenon caused by an interaction between wind and motion of the cables that is not yet fully explained. Understanding how flow around and the associated forces on an oscillating cable in the across-flow direction are developed interactively is essential to describe the mechanism of cable vibrations. This can ultimately lead to effective mitigation strategies for the large-amplitude vibrations. In this numerical study, using three-dimensional detached eddy simulation (DES), we considered vertically oscillating incoming flow over a stationary, yawed horizontal circular cylinder to investigate the effects of oscillation frequency on flow around and forces on the cylinder. The flow patterns and forces indicate that the incoming and around-cylinder oscillating flows interact significantly. Results showed that the flow around a yawed cylinder develops in different ways depending on the frequency of the incoming flow oscillation, resulting in changed characteristics of flow-induced forces. When incoming flow oscillated at frequencies similar to those of forces generated on the cylinder under uniform incoming flow, along-span flow that generated the low-frequency forces was intensified, i.e., the associated forces were strengthened while preserving their low frequency. However, when the incoming flow oscillated at a frequency close to that of Karman vortex shedding, the along-span flow was suppressed while the Karman vortex shedding phenomenon was strengthened over the whole cylinder length. This study suggests that when an oblique cable oscillates at a low frequency due to oblique wind-induced aerodynamic forces, those forces play an important role in initiating and increasing the vibration at the low frequency. A fluid-structure interaction analysis is planned that will shed more light on the phenomenon studied in this work by considering only the fluid motion.
Localization of amino acids required for Fis to function as a class II transcriptional activator at the RpoS-dependent proP P2 promoter.

Abstract ProP is an integral membrane transporter of proline, glycine betaine, and several other osmoprotecting compounds. Fis plus RpoS collaborate to promote a burst of proP transcription in late exponential growth phase. This brief period of ProP synthesis enables stationary phase cells to cope with a potential hyperosmotic shock. Fis activates the RpoS (σ 38 )-dependent proP P2 promoter by binding to a site within the promoter region centered at −41 and thus functions as a class II activator. We show here that activation by Fis at this promoter is completely dependent upon the α-CTD of RNA polymerase and that the activation domain on Fis is localized to a four amino acid ridge on the surface of Fis adjacent to the helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain in only one subunit of the homodimer. Fis mutants containing amino acid substitutions within this region are defective in cooperative binding interactions with the σ 38 -form of RNA polymerase. Some of these substitutions also alter interactions with DNA sequences flanking the core binding site, but we show that changes in Fis-mediated curvature do not affect promoter activity. We conclude that the same amino acids are used by Fis to activate transcription from a class I (−71, rrnB P1) and class II (−41, proP P2) location, but this region is distinct from that required to regulate the Hin site-specific DNA inversion reaction.
Headache prevention following accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients

Abstract Study Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a prophylactic saline patch and a prophylactic blood patch in prevention of headache following accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients. Design: Prospective, randomized, single-blind study on dural puncture headache occurrence and cessation. Setting: Inpatient obstetric unit at a metropolitan medical center. Patients: Seventy-four inpatients who underwent vaginal delivery or cesarean section following accidental dural puncture during administration of epidural anesthesia for labor and delivery. Interventions: Group 1 (n = 24), the control group, received fluids and analgesics. Group 2 (n = 30) received prophylactic epidural saline (40 to 60 ml) through the epidural catheter following completion of the obstetric procedure. Group 3 (n = 20) received autologous blood (15 ml) via epidural catheter following completion of the obstetric procedure. Measurements and Main Results: In Group 1, 21 of 24 patients (87.5%) developed headaches, with conservative management. In Group 2, 20 of 30 patients (66.7%) developed headaches, and in Group 3, 1 of 20 patients (5%) developed a headache. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the administration of a prophylactic epidural blood patch is highly effective in the prevention of headaches following dural puncture, with headache frequency reduced from 87.5% to 5%.
Development and evaluation of collision warning/collision avoidance algorithms using an errable driver model

Collision warning/collision avoidance (CW/CA) systems must be designed to work seamlessly with a human driver, providing warning or control actions when the driver's response (or lack of) is deemed inappropriate. The effectiveness of CW/CA systems working with a human driver needs to be evaluated thoroughly because of legal/liability and other (e.g. traffic flow) concerns. CW/CA systems tuned only under open-loop manoeuvres were frequently found to work unsatisfactorily with human-in-the-loop. However, tuning CW/CA systems with human drivers co-existing is slow and non-repeatable. Driver models, if constructed and used properly, can capture human/control interactions and accelerate the CW/CA development process. Design and evaluation methods for CW/CA algorithms can be categorised into three approaches, scenario-based, performance-based and human-centred. The strength and weakness of these approaches were discussed in this paper and a humanised errable driver model was introduced to improve the developing...
H-D coupling constants and deuterium isotope effects on the proton chemical shifts in partially deuteriated methanes

Abstract Very accurate frequency measurements on 500 MHz 1 H NMR spectra of CH 4 , CH 3 D, CH 2 D 2 , and CHD 3 are reported. There are relatively large (up to 10%) solvent and temperature effects on the isotope shifts ( 2 Δ = −13.998 to −15.555 ppb for CH 3 D), which are non-additive by ca 0.2 ppb/deuterium; 2 J HD (−1.929 ± 0.001 Hz, sign assumed, equivalent to 2 J HH = −12.57 Hz) is almost independent of solvent, temperature, and the number of deuterons present.
Muonium. III. Precision Measurement of the Muonium Hyperfine-Structure Interval at Strong Magnetic Field

A complete discussion is given of our precision measurement of the hyperfine-structure interval $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$ of the ground state of muonium at a strong magnetic field of 5000 G. Particular emphasis is placed on refinements to the theory of the resonance line shape and on a detailed discussion of the sources of error and of the capability of our method. The final result for $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$ is $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=4463.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12$ MHz (27 ppm), in which the 1-standard-deviation error is caused principally by the statistical counting error and magnetic field inhomogeneity. Allowance is included for a quadratic as well as a linear dependence of $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$ on pressure. This result is in good agreement with other, more precise, experimental values and with the current theoretical value $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=4463.326\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.019$ MHz (4.2 ppm).
Spatial/temporal correlation of BOLD and optical intrinsic signals in humans.

Comparing the BOLD signal with electrophysiological maps and other perfusion-dependent signals, such as the optical intrinsic signal (OIS), within subjects should provide insight into the etiology of the BOLD signal. Tongue activations were compared in five human subjects using BOLD fMRI, 610-nm OIS, and the electrocortical stimulation map (ESM). Robust fMRI activations centered on the lateral inferior aspect of the central sulcus and extended into pre- and post-central gyri, adjacent to ESM tongue loci. OIS and fMRI maps colocalized, although optical responses were spatially larger (P <.001 across multiple thresholds) and contained more gyral components. The timecourses of the fMRI and OIS signals were similar, appearing within 2.5 s and peaking 6-8 s after task onset. Although many processes contribute to increased 610-nm reflectance, optical spectroscopy and fluorescent dye imaging suggest that a significant part of this signal is due to a concomitant decrease in deoxyhemoglobin and increase in oxyhemoglobin concentrations. The spatial/temporal correlation of BOLD and the positive 610-nm response within subjects suggests that the two signals may share similar etiologies. The OIS/fMRI inconsistencies may be due to cell swelling and light-scattering contributions to OIS and fMRI sensitivity. This study also demonstrates that fMRI maps do not precisely colocalize with ESM, rather they emphasize changes in adjacent venous/sulcal structures.
Miniaturized time-of-flight mass spectrometer for peptide and oligonucleotide analysis†

A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer was developed which uses a novel reflectron composed of a grounded cylinder and an adjustable endcap electrode to provide high-order kinetic energy focusing for a miniaturized mass analyzer. The nearly quadratic potential form of the reflecting field focuses ions desorbed from a source of very small dimensions formed by placing the sample probe within the centered hole of the coaxial dual channel plate detector. At the same time, the depth of the reflectron can be adjusted to accommodate a short drift length between the source/detector and the reflectron. For larger drift lengths, in particular to allow the addition of an XY stage for the analysis of sample arrays, endcap reflectron focusing can be combined with time-delayed ion extraction to achieve good mass resolution. The instrument has been used for the analysis of peptides digested with trypsin or carboxypeptidase, and also small DNA oligomers.
Comprehending newspaper headlines

Abstract Newspaper headlines present interesting comprehension problems, because they are syntactically impoverished and, consequently, often syntactically ambiguous. This makes it advantageous for a reader to use nonlinguistic information as quickly as possible in comprehension. In a series of experiments to examine headline comprehension, we contrast a syntactic hypothesis with a problem-solving hypothesis. The syntactic hypothesis, but not the problem-solving hypothesis, predicts more processing time for ambiguous headlines than unambiguous headlines, a result obtained in Experiment 2. This ambiguity effect was especially pronounced in an experiment (No. 4) that arranged contexts (stories) to select only one meaning of the headline. The ambiguity, but not the plausibility, of the headline affected the time to decide that the headline matched the story context. Experiment 5 suggests that only one meaning is carried forward after reading an ambiguous headline, and Experiment 6 showed that headlines are comprehensible to readers without time pressure, but that ambiguities were not often perceived. We suggest that despite the advantage of doing so, readers cannot use problem-solving procedures to short-circuit syntactic processes.
THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION SYSTEM IN HEARTS WITH BOTH GREAT VESSELS ORIGINATING FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.

Abstract The locations of the A-V node, common bundle (bundle of His), and proximal portions of the right and left bundle branches were studied in three cases in which both great vessels originated from the right ventricle with ventricular septal defect; one of these cases exhibited subpulmonary stenosis. In all three hearts, conduction tissue lay posterior (dorsal) to, and was displaced by, the defect. The position of the conduction system in the two examples without pulmonary stenosis appeared to be responsible for the reported electrocardiographic abnormalities. The relationship between the conduction tissue and the ventricular septal defect was about the same in the three cases. Yet the electrocardiographic features of the case with pulmonary stenosis were different from those of the cases without pulmonary stenosis. The differences remain unexplained.