cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Institutional Investors’ Investment Durations and Stock Return Anomalies: Momentum, Reversal, Accruals, Share Issuance and R&D Increases

This paper examines the effect of institutional investors? investment duration on the efficiency of stock prices. Using a new duration measure based on quarterly institutional investors? portfolio holdings, the presence of short-term institutional investors can help explain many of the best-known stock return anomalies, possibly because these investors are affected by behavioral biases like overconfidence. Specifically, we find that both momentum returns and subsequent returns reversal are much stronger for stocks with greater proportions of short-term institutional investors. The accruals and share issuance anomalies are also stronger for stocks held primarily by short-term institutional investors. Finally, short-term institutional investors do not seem to recognize the benefits of significant R&D increases, as they tend to under-react to these increases.
Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional analysis of the human Na+/N+ exchanger isoform, NHE3

We previously isolated a 1.4-kb partial cDNA from a human kidney cortex library. Using both library screening and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of human kidney RNA, we obtained the entire coding region of the human NHE3 cDNA. The human NHE3 cDNA encoded a protein of 834 amino acids with a calculated relative molecular weight of 92,906. It exhibited 89 and 88% amino acid identity with rat and rabbit NHE3, respectively. The stable transfection of a composite human NHE3 cDNA into Na+/H+ exchanger-deficient PS120 cells established Na+/H+ exchange. Functionally, human NHE3 was similar to the rabbit and rat NHE3 homologues, being relatively resistant to inhibition by amiloride, half-maximal inhibition (IC50) = 49.0 microM, and ethylisopropylamiloride, IC50 = 6.6 microM, and being stimulated by fibroblast growth factor but inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. However, unlike the rabbit or rat NHE3, human NHE3 message was not restricted to kidney, intestine, stomach, and brain. Northern analysis of multiple human tissues detected NHE3 message, in descending order, as follows: kidney >> small intestine >> testes > ovary > colon = prostate > thymus > peripheral leukocyte = brain > spleen > placenta. Message in the kidney, small intestine, and colon was primarily of 6.7 kb, whereas both 6.7- and 8.9-kb bands were expressed nearly equivalently in the other tissues. No NHE3 message was detected in the human heart, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, or pancreas.
A Case of Ankylosing Spondylitis with Cricoarytenoid Arthritis

The cricoarytenoid joint is a diathrodial synovial joint and it can be affected by various diseases. The etiology includes infectious, rheumatic and degenerative diseases. Cricoarytenoid arthritis that’s caused rheumatoid arthritis is the most well known, yet cricoarytenoid arthritis that’s caused by ankylosing spondylitis is very rare. Hoarseness, dysphagia, throat discomfort, dyspnea and dyspnea on exertion are the major symptoms. If there was no severe airway obstruction, this condition can be managed by systemic steroid or intraarticular steroid injection. We experienced a case of a 47 years old man with ankylosing spondylitis and he presented with hoarseness, dyspnea on exertion and dysphagia. He was finally diagnosed with cricoarytenoid arthritis and he improved after etanercept administration. So we report here on this case along with a review of relevant literature.
Parotid salivary duct rupture and fistula in the dog and cat

Three dogs and one cat were diagnosed at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital as having parotid salivary duct rupture and fistula as a result of previous surgery. Sialography confirmed the diagnosis. Two animals were treated by ligation, and two by anastomosis of the parotid duct. All four animals returned to normal after treatment.
Carbohydrate ligands of human C-reactive protein: binding of neoglycoproteins containing galactose-6-phosphate and galactose-terminated disaccharide.

Binding of carbohydrate ligand by human C-reactive protein (CRP), in both native form and structurally deviated form (neoCRP or mCRP), was investigated using galactose-6-phosphate (Gal6P)- and Galβ3GalNAc-containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) derivatives. To this end, we synthesized glycosides of Gal6P and Galβ3GalNAc that can potentially generate a terminal aldehyde group. ω-Aldehydo glycosides were then conjugated to BSA via reductive amination. Using these neoglycoproteins, we showed that: (1) Gal6P-BSA and Galβ3GalNAc-BSA bound to both forms of CRP, the former with or without calcium and the latter only in the absence of calcium; (2) phosphate-containing ligands can be bound with or without calcium, but the binding is much stronger in the presence of calcium than in the absence, underscoring the importance of direct coordination of phosphate to two calcium ions observed in the X-ray structure of phosphorylcholine (PC)–CRP complex; (3) cross-inhibition studies further corroborated the hypothesis that binding sites of PC and sugar are contiguous; (4) while PC-BSA bound to the native CRP over a wide pH range of 4.5 to 9, all the carbohydrate ligands and protamine-BSA (poly-cation-based ligand) exhibited optimal binding at around pH 6 to 6.5; and (5) ligand-binding conformation of mCRP appears to be more fragile than that of the native CRP in the acidic media (pH < 6).
Influence of estrogen and progesterone on matrix-induced endochondral bone formation

The influence of estradiol and progesterone, alone or in combination, on the discrete phases of matrix-induced endochondral bone formation was investigated. Administration of estradiol and progesterone in combination increased mesenchymal cell proliferation, as indicated by [3H] thymidine incorporaton into acid precipitable material. However, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was significantly suppressed by the combination of estradiol and progesterone. Also, this treatment did not influence the35SO4 incorporation into proteoglycans on day 7. Mineralization of newly induced bone was quantitated by alkaline phosphatase,45Ca incorporation into bone mineral and calcium content, and was found to be significantly increased by progesterone alone and in combination with estradiol in both matrix-induced plaques and tibial metaphysis. These results demonstrated the stimulatory role of progesterone in combination with estradiol in bone formation and mineralization.
Strategic alternatives for dealing with the regulatory maze governing environmental cleanup

Abstract The ultimate goal of a cleanup of industrial-site contamination is not simply to eliminate unreasonable risks to public health or the environment, but to accumulate objective evidence that such a cleanup has been completed and protect the responsible party from being required to repeat some or all of the cleanup effort. Careful development of a legal and administrative strategy can reduce time, costs, and risks. Questions to be considered to achieve the goal include: 1. Who needs to know about the condition? 2. What happens if we do nothing? 3. What agency should I deal with? 4. Should I get my cleanup plan governmentally approved before I begin? 5. Is RCRA a better framework than CERCLA? 6. What guidance applies 7. What is the standard for soil contamination? 8. Do I need permits for the cleanup itself? 9. How can I get the cleanup approved after completion 10. How can I keep the government from making me do the cleanup a second times.
White dwarfs as infrared sources in the galactic centre

It is shown that quantized magnetic bremsstrahlung radiation in intense magnetic fields from the surface layers of white dwarfs could serve as one of the possible explanations for the infrared emission from the center of the galaxy that has been detected by Hoffmann et al. (1971). It is assumed, in particular, that the infrared radiation is from clusters of white dwarfs.
A method of simultaneously displaying a passing person and his/her message on the same screen space

The widespread use of smartphones has prompted the provision of a variety of services that exploit sensors installed in the smartphones, such as GPS, and augmented reality (AR). This paper proposes a method in which a user of such a smart terminal receives a message from a person passing by, and has the message displayed alongside the image of that person on the screen of the camera installed in the user's terminal. Specifically, the paper proposes a gravity center method that calculate the positions of the user and the passing person taking errors in the GPS measurements into consideration, and a method of displaying the message sent by the other person at a position on the camera screen calculated from the position data sent by the other person's terminal. These methods have been implemented in Android terminals, and the effectiveness of these methods has been evaluated.
Imidazole-Containing (N3S)-NiII Complexes Relating to Nickel Containing Biomolecules

Dimeric (N2S)Ni complexes and the monomeric N2S2 bismercaptodiazacycloheptane nickel complex, (bme-dach)Ni, serve as precursors to two N2-, N′-/ S- complexes where N2 = diazacycloheptane, N′ = imid...
Effect of low pH treatment on opioid peptides binding to their receptors and functional coupling of G-proteins to adenylyl cyclase in the rat spinal cord

Abstract Because low pH treatment is known to alter the coupling of G-proteins to brain receptors, and little is known about such an effect in the spinal cord, the present study was undertaken to examine whether preincubation of rat spinal cord membranes at low pH (pH 4.5) alters opioid receptor binding characteristics and sodium fluoride (NaF)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity (as a function of G s mediated). [ 3 H][ d -Ala 2 ,MePhe 4 ,Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) and [ 3 H]ethylketocyclazosine (EKC) were used to label μ- and κ-opioid receptors, respectively. AC activity was determined using ATP as substrate and cAMP formed was quantified. Low pH treatment of membranes did not affect the μ- and κ-opioid binding characteristics in rat spinal cord. However, the low pH treatment significantly reduced the NaF-stimulated AC activity in rat spinal cord. It is concluded that low pH treatment causes selective changes in the functional coupling of G s -proteins to AC without affecting the opioid receptor binding characteristics in the spinal cord.
Bioassays of Plant Extracts for Growth-Promoting Substances for Melanoplus femurrubrum (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Extracts of selected plant species were bioassayed by incorporating them into an artificial diet used to rear the red-legged grasshopper, Melanoplus femurrubrum (De Geer). Marked differences in survival and rate of development of grasshoppers were observed. There were no significant differences in the sizes of nymphs or adults reared on the different extract preparations. Differences in survival and rate of development were not the result of differences in food consumption or digestion coefficient. There was no correlation between efficacy of extracts from a plant species and the rate of ingestion by grasshoppers in the field.
Hematoma and distraction arthroplasty for thumb basal joint osteoarthritis: minimum 6.5-year follow-up evaluation.

Purpose Although hematoma and distraction arthroplasty has been found to be successful in the treatment of thumb basal joint arthritis in the short term, questions about its efficacy in the long term have been raised. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the results of this procedure in patients at least 6.5 years after surgery. Methods Twenty-two thumbs from 22 patients from a single surgeon's practice were entered into a prospective single-arm study for surgical treatment of basal thumb arthritis. Treatment consisted of piecemeal excision of the entire trapezium and 5 weeks of K-wire immobilization of the thumb metacarpal in opposition and slight distraction. No ligament reconstruction or tendon interposition was used. Motion, strength, standardized dexterity tests, stress radiographs, and outcome questionnaires including the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 were evaluated before surgery and at 6, 24, and at least 79 months after surgery. Results At 6 months after surgery, 17 of 22 patients reported complete pain relief, and at the most recent follow-up evaluation (average, 88 months after surgery) 18 patients were entirely pain free. Range-of-motion evaluation at the most recent follow-up evaluation showed 21 of 22 thumbs adducted fully into the plane of the palm, and 21 of 22 opposed to the small finger metacarpal head. Comparisons between preoperative and the recent postoperative strength measurements showed an average of 21% increase in grip strength and tip pinch strength, and an 11% increase in key pinch strength over preoperative values. Although the radiographically determined scaphoid–thumb metacarpal distance decreased with time from surgery, no correlation with strength or functional outcome measurements was found. The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 data showed postoperative improvement in the hand and finger function and arthritis pain scales. Conclusions After trapezial excision, K-wire immobilization in a slightly overcorrected position without formal interposition or ligament reconstruction allows for restoration and maintenance of a stable, pain-free thumb that has comparable strength and motion with published reports of more complicated interventions over comparable time periods. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic, Level IV.
Classification of levee slides from airborne synthetic aperture radar images with efficient spatial feature extraction

Levee slides may result in catastrophic damage to the region of failure. Remote sensing data, such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, can be useful in levee monitoring. Because of the long length of a levee, the image size may become too large to use computationally expensive methods for quick levee monitoring, so time-efficient approaches are preferred. The popular support vector machine classifier does not work well on the original three polarized SAR magnitude bands without spatial feature extraction. Gray-level co-occurrence matrix is one of the most common methods for extracting textural information from gray-scale images, but it may not be practically useful for a big data in terms of calculation time. In this study, very efficient feature extraction methods with spatial low-pass filtering are proposed, including a weighted average filter and a majority filter in conjunction with a nonlinear band normalization process. Experimental results demonstrated that these filters can provide comparable results with much lower computational cost.
Should Child and Youth Care Go the Craft or the Professional Route? A Comment on the Preceding Article by Zvi Eisikovits and Jerome Beker

The respondent suggests some additional perspectives on the craft model and its relationship to a traditional professional orientation.
Calcium-dependent sodium currents inParamecium: Mutational manipulations and effects of hyper- and depolarization

The membrane ofParamecium generates a Ca-dependent Na current upon depolarization. There is, however, also a Na current upon hyperpolarization in this membrane. The second Na current was analyzed under voltage clamp and found to have properties identical to those of the first. Both currents could be carried by Na and Li ions and not by K, Cs or choline ion. They were eliminated by either EGTA injection into the cell or Ca removal from the bath. Both currents were eliminated by a single-gene mutation,fast-2, that had no effect on Ca currents. These findings strongly suggest that these two currents are through the same Ca-dependent Na conductance. A hyperpolarization-induced Ca current was also identified, which served to activate the second Na current. These observations support a model that theParamecium membrane has two Ca channels with different voltage dependencies and only one Na channel, which is elicited by a rise of the itternal free Ca2+ concentration. The function of the Ca-dependent Na conductance is discussed.
Military Expenditures, Technological Change, and Economic Growth in the East Asian NICs

In the last 30 years the East Asian NICs (Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand) have experienced significant economic and technological expansion alongside increases in military spending. We derive a production function model that is sensitive to both technological progress and the defense sector. We employ the model to assess the relationship between military spending, economic growth, and technological change in the East Asian NICs for 1961-90. Although the effects of defense spending vary across the countries, the general trend is that when technological progress is specified in the production function, defense spending has negative impacts on economic growth in the region.
Token‐to‐token variability in adult apraxia of speech: A perceptual analysis

Background: Many researchers and clinicians have suggested that a definitive characteristic of adult apraxia of speech (AOS) is that the speech sound errors are highly variable. Furthermore, it has been argued that error variability is one means of differentially diagnosing AOS from dysarthria. The findings from studies of error variability have been mixed; however, the speech errors have been elicited in different ways and “variability” is not consistently defined across different studies, making comparisons across studies difficult. Aims: The purpose of this investigation was to characterise error variability in two speakers with AOS. Methods & Procedures: Single words were elicited in imitation with repeated trials on the same words over a period of several weeks. The speech samples were transcribed using narrow phonetic transcription and analysed for accuracy of production and consistency of error. Outcomes & Results: We found that the errors were both consistent and inconsistent, depending on how the...
Pregnancy in Women Requiring Dialysis for Renal Failure

Pregnancy is an unusual occurrence in women with end-stage renal disease. When it occurs, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death end 75% to 80% of the pregnancies. The mother is at risk for hypertension and abruptio placentae. The fetus is at risk for prematurity and growth retardation. Surviving infants appear to be normal. This report outlines the problems in 37 pregnancies (22 in the reported literature and 15 not yet reported). It outlines strategies for improving the chances of survival of the infant.
Genotypic variation in susceptibility of honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) to infestation by tracheal mites ( Acarapis woodi )

Two-way selection for lines of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) susceptible and resistant to infestation by tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi Rennie) was conducted for two generations. Individuals of the susceptible line were 1.4 and 2.4 times more likely to become infested by female mites after the first and second generations, respectively. These results demonstrate that genotypic variability exsts within North American populations and that selection for resistance is feasible. The mechanisms of resistance are unknown.
Confirmation of the mapping of the Camurati-Englemann locus to 19q13. 2 and refinement to a 3.2-cM region.

Camurati-Englemann syndrome (DPD1) is an autosomal dominant condition associated with progressive cortical sclerosis of the diaphyses of all the long bones. Clinical features include abnormal gait, muscle weakness and wasting, and generalized fatigue. The DPD1 gene was recently mapped to a 15.1-cM region on chromosome 19q13.2. We have narrowed the region containing the DPD1 gene to a 3.2-cM region flanked by short tandem repeat markers, D19S881 and D19S718. TGFB1, a candidate gene mapped within this region, was excluded.
Leaf hydraulics I: Scaling transport properties from single cells to tissues

In leaf tissues, water may move through the symplast or apoplast as a liquid, or through the airspace as vapor, but the dominant path remains in dispute. This is due, in part, to a lack of models that describe these three pathways in terms of experimental variables. We show that, in plant water relations theory, the use of a hydraulic capacity in a manner analogous to a thermal capacity, though it ignores mechanical interactions between cells, is consistent with a special case of the more general continuum mechanical theory of linear poroelasticity. The resulting heat equation form affords a great deal of analytical simplicity at a minimal cost: we estimate an expected error of less than 12%, compared to the full set of equations governing linear poroelastic behavior. We next consider the case for local equilibrium between protoplasts, their cell walls, and adjacent air spaces during isothermal hydration transients to determine how accurately simple volume averaging of material properties (a 'composite' model) describes the hydraulic properties of leaf tissue. Based on typical hydraulic parameters for individual cells, we find that a composite description for tissues composed of thin walled cells with air spaces of similar size to the cells, as in photosynthetic tissues, is a reasonable preliminary assumption. We also expect isothermal transport in such cells to be dominated by the aquaporin-mediated cell-to-cell path. In the non-isothermal case, information on the magnitude of the thermal gradients is required to assess the dominant phase of water transport, liquid or vapor.
Very young infants' responses to human and nonhuman primate vocalizations

Recent evidence from very young human infants' responses to human and nonhuman primate vocalizations offers new insights - and brings new questions - to the forefront for those who seek to integrate primate-general and human-specific mechanisms of acoustic communication with theories of language acquisition.
Patterns of emergency care use in residential care settings: opportunities to improve quality of transitional care in the elderly

Emergent care is a prominent feature in the complex matrix of care transitions for vulnerable elders. This article evaluates local patterns of emergent care transport using ambulance transport data for the year 2003, analyzed by residential setting (independent senior apartments, licensed residential care and nursing homes). Significant differences were found between categories and between facilities within categories (p < .001). The more than three-fold difference in ambulance transport rate between nursing homes reinforces the need to recognize these transitions as quality indicators. Differences between senior apartments and licensed residential care settings provide initial insight suggesting opportunities for quality improvement in these community settings.
Tunable Plasmonic Coupling in Self-Assembled Binary Nanocrystal Superlattices Studied by Correlated Optical Microspectrophotometry and Electron Microscopy

We study the plasmonic properties of self-assembled binary nanocrystal superlattices (BNSLs) using correlated optical microspectrophotometry and electron microscopy performed on individual BNSL domains. The strength of near-field couplings between adjacent plasmonic nanocrystals (NCs) can be systematically engineered by varying the NC size, composition, and the lattice symmetry of BNSLs, leading to broadband spectral tunability of the collective plasmonic response of BNSLs across the entire visible spectrum. Self-assembled multicomponent NC superlattices represent a versatile platform for the rational design of macroscopic three-dimensional plasmonic metamaterials with emergent optical characteristics.
What every mathematician should know about modelling crime

This paper by a criminologist explains why it makes more sense to model criminal acts than to model criminals, how many preconceptions about crime can mislead modellers and offers some simple crime modelling ideas. Many opportunities for simulation now exist, and new opportunities for real-data modelling are emerging. The author suggests mathematical models of crime, including offender foraging for crime targets, as a rich area for future research.
Immigration and wage inequality in the 1990s: Panel evidence from the current population survey

Abstract In spite of record economic growth in the 1990s, income inequality continued to escalate in the United States. One popular explanation is that the proportion of unskilled immigrant inflows has increased due to policy reforms over the last four decades. This study evaluates the impact of immigrant skills on inequality using a panel data set of states derived from the March Current Population Survey (CPS). The data set provides unique insights into local impacts of immigration due to its ability to discern shorter-term annual adjustments versus the traditional longer-term focus of the Decennial Census. Using a basic theoretical model to develop testable hypotheses, the dynamic analyses reveal that increased relative inflows of unskilled immigrants indeed increase wage inequality. The impact on native wage inequality is especially pronounced, with an effect nearly twice as large as that on overall wage inequality.
Holmium Laser Sclerostomy in the Management of Refractory Glaucoma

Summary Holmium laser sclerostomy is a useful surgical procedure in the management of advanced refractory glaucomatous eyes. The success rate is comparable to success rates using more extensive surgical procedures, such as Molteno implant or surgical trabeculectomy. Complications are significantly less when compared with the Molteno implant. Another advantage of holmium laser sclerostomy is that the conjunctiva is minimally dissected, and less surgical trauma is involved with the procedure.
Downregulation of the Werner syndrome protein induces a metabolic shift that compromises redox homeostasis and limits proliferation of cancer cells

The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) is a nuclear protein required for cell growth and proliferation. Loss-of-function mutations in the Werner syndrome gene are associated with the premature onset of age-related diseases. How loss of WRN limits cell proliferation and induces replicative senescence is poorly understood. Here, we show that WRN depletion leads to a striking metabolic shift that coordinately weakens the pathways that generate reducing equivalents for detoxification of reactive oxygen species and increases mitochondrial respiration. In cancer cells, this metabolic shift counteracts the Warburg effect, a defining characteristic of many malignant cells, resulting in altered redox balance and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage that inhibits cell proliferation and induces a senescence-like phenotype. Consistent with these findings, supplementation with antioxidant rescues at least in part cell proliferation and decreases senescence in WRN-knockdown cancer cells. These results demonstrate that WRN plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation by contributing to the Warburg effect and preventing metabolic stress.
PREPRO: a computer program for encoding regional exploration data for use in characteristic analysis

Abstract The preprocessor (PREPRO) computer program offers the exploration geologist a variety of options for encoding regional exploration data into ternary form for use in characteristic analysis. PREPRO's options include variable-input formats, cursor input, ordering among a set of input variables, and selectable ternary transformations. Moreover, the program provides for the display of results which, in turn, makes possible review, reselection, and retransformation of variables. Most important, the performance of the listed steps in an interactive computing environment results in rapid and efficient preprocessing of the data.
Intracerebral hemorrhage in pregnancy Frequency, risk factors, and outcome

Objective: To describe the frequency, risk factors, and outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in pregnancy and the postpartum period using a large database of US inpatient hospitalizations. Methods: The authors obtained data from an administrative dataset, the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which includes approximately 20% of all discharges from non-Federal hospitals, for the years 1993 through 2002. Women aged 15 to 44 years with a diagnosis of ICH were selected from the database for analysis, and within this group patients coded as pregnant or postpartum were identified. Using US Census data, estimates were made of the rates of ICH in pregnant/postpartum and non-pregnant women. Rates of various comorbidities in patients with pregnancy-related ICH were compared to the rates found in the general population of delivering patients using multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for pregnancy-related ICH. Results: The authors identified 423 patients with pregnancy-related ICH, which corresponded to 6.1 pregnancy-related ICH per 100,000 deliveries and 7.1 pregnancy-related ICH per 100,000 at-risk person-years (compared to 5.0 per 100,000 person-years for non-pregnant women in the age range considered). The increased risk of ICH associated with pregnancy was largely attributable to ICH occurring in the postpartum period. The in-hospital mortality rate for pregnancy-related ICH was 20.3%. ICH accounted for 7.1% of all pregnancy-related mortality recorded in this database. Significant independent risk factors for pregnancy-related ICH included advanced maternal age (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.64), African American race (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.41), preexisting hypertension (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.34 to 5.07), gestational hypertension (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.62 to 3.59), preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR 10.39, 95% CI 8.32 to 12.98), preexisting hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR 9.23, 95% CI 5.26 to 16.19), coagulopathy (OR 20.66, 95% CI 13.67 to 31.23), and tobacco abuse (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.42). Conclusion: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for a substantial portion of pregnancy-related mortality. The risk of ICH associated with pregnancy is greatest in the postpartum period. Advanced maternal age, African American race, hypertensive diseases, coagulopathy, and tobacco abuse were all independent risk factors for pregnancy-related ICH.
The Paradox of Administrative Power: John Macy and William Armstrong

One paradox of administrative power holds that while bureaucracies may be criticized for being unaccountable and unresponsive, they, at the same time, provide necessary benefits for modern, democratic society. An examination of the careers of two civil servants - one American and one British - suggests a second paradox that democratic government in complex administrative states may depend on the administrators' own sense of ethical behaviour. Recent reform efforts in both the United States and Britain have failed to assess the impact of proposed reforms on the socialisation process, the process of inculcating appropriate values and attitudes in the civil service. They may make it less likely that administrative power will be held in check by the norms and ethical standards of civil servants.
Cultural malpractice. The growing obsolescence of psychology with the changing U.S. population.

With the changing demographics occurring in the United States, psychology must make substantive revisions in its curriculum, training, research, and practice. Without these revisions, psychology will risk professional, ethical, and economic problems because psychology will no longer be a viable professional resource to the majority of the U.S. population. In particular, this article discusses the need for psychology to address issues of ethnicity/culture, gender, and sexual orientation.
Decomposition of Connective Tissue in Rabbit Ovarian Follicles by Multivesicular Structures of Thecal Fibroblasts

The fine structure of the graafian follicle has been examined for evidence of secretory activity during ovulation. The fibroblasts in the tunica albuginea and theca externa of all stages of ovulatory follicles contain microvesicles which cluster together and protrude from the surface of the plasma membrane. They usually develop in the vicinity of free ribosomes or rough endoplasmic reticulum and protrude from any region of the cytoplasmic matrix. The extracellular ground substance in the area appears to be digested by their contents. In groups of follicles taken at approximately 10, 5, 2 and ½ hr from ovulation, the multivesicular body concentration per 10,000 μ2 of ultrathin section was 5.5, 14.1, 49.5 and 28.7, respectively. (The decrease at ½ hr from ovulation can be attributed to the decrease in fibroblast concentration as the tissue dissociates.) The nature of these multivesicular bodies suggests they have an important part in decomposing the connective tissue of an ovulating graafian follicle. (Endo...
New synthetic substrates for parenteral feeding.

The glycerol esters of short and medium chain fatty acids are predicted to become important in future nutritional therapy. These compounds provide a mixture of carbohydrate and “carnitine-independent” fat which, together, can serve more tissues than either substrate alone. Medium chain triglycerides are available for enteral feeding, and water-soluble monoglycerides are suggested for parenteral feeding. Two mon-oglycerides have been tested by continuous infusion into the rat and dog. Experimental evidence indicates rapid ester hydrolysis by endogenous mechanisms which release the basic components of the glycerides. Nutritional tests with these glycerides have produced results at least comparable to glucose as an energy source, and no toxicity has yet been noted. The data suggest that further investigations should be conducted on the benefits of these compounds.
Timber harvesting alters soil carbon mineralization and microbial community structure in coniferous forests

Timber harvesting influences both above and belowground ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Impact of timber harvesting on soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization and microbial community structure was evaluated in two coniferous forest species, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Management of ponderosa pine forests, particularly even-aged stand practices, increased the loss of CO2-C and hence reduced SOM storage potential. Changes in soil microbial community structure were more pronounced in ponderosa pine uneven-aged and heavy harvest stands and in lodgepole pine even-aged stand as compared to their respective unmanaged stands. Harvesting of trees had a negative impact on SOM mineralization and soil microbial community structure in both coniferous forests, potentially reducing coniferous forest C storage potential.
Toward More Accurate Wave-Permeable Boundary Conditions

Abstract This paper investigates several fundamental aspects of wave-permeable, or “radiation,” lateral boundary conditions. Orlanski (1976) proposed that approximate wave-permeable boundary conditions could be constructed by advecting disturbances out of the domain at a phase speed c*, which was to be calculated from the values of the prognostic variable near the boundary. Rigorous justification for this approach is possible for one-dimensional shallow-water flow. It is shown, however, that the floating c* approach gives poor results in the one-dimensional shallow-water problem because all accuracy in the c* calculations is eventually destroyed by the positive feedback between errors in c* and (initially small) errors in the prognostic fields at the boundary. Better results were achieved by using fixed values of c*. In our test cases, an externally specified c* could deviate from the true phase speed U + c by 40%–60% and still yield better results than schemes in which c* was calculated at the boundary. ...
Threats and opportunities of science at a for-profit university in Chile

Thirty years after pro-market policies were first adopted, how best to organize Chile’s scientific enterprise remains as elusive as when universities were state-run and funded. This paper explores scientific research at a for-profit university, University Andres Bello, to ask if a new mode of knowledge production is in the making and with what impacts for Chilean universities. In contrast to trends described in the North American and European university literatures, the Chilean experience to date indicates that market competition reinforces existing scientific practice, including evaluation mechanisms. Its largest impact may instead lie in challenging cultural notions of a university’s rights and responsibilities, with potentially negative consequences for existing state-run and non-profit universities. These findings are important for developing countries seeking to expand research without expanding public universities or expenditures, and raise important questions regarding the specific mechanisms that mediate between a university’s forprofit business model and its research agenda.
The Wronskian formalism for linear differential equations and Padé approximations

On demontre des theoremes generaux sur la determination des meilleures approximations rationnelles des solutions d'equations differentielles lineaires a coefficients fonction rationnelle
Effectiveness of a Training Program with Physical Education Students and Experienced Physical Education Teachers in Scoring the Test of Gross Motor Development

Recently there has been an increase in the need for instruction and assessment of motor skills of students with disabilities for the regular physical education teacher; however, research has indicated that training of physical educators in assessment of motor skills for students with disabilities is often inadequate. Models of teaching preparation such as the infusion approach stress the need to integrate teaching and assessment techniques applicable to students with and without disabilities. In this study, the effectiveness of assessment training on the accuracy of scoring the Test of Gross Motor Development was investigated. Two students (one special education, one nonspecial education) were filmed and evaluated by three experts in the field of adapted physical education. The expert raters' scores were then compared to scores obtained by 26 physical education students and 26 experienced physical education teachers. Results of the study indicate that the instruction received in an assessment course enabl...
Rapid Detection of Protein Aggregation and Inhibition by Dual Functions of Gold Nanoplasmonic Particles: Catalytic Activator and Optical Reporter

One of the primary pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's diseases (AD) is amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and its extracellular accumulation. However, current in vitro Aβ aggregation assays require time-consuming and labor-intensive steps, which delay the process of drug discovery and understanding the mechanism of Aβ induced neurotoxicity. Here, we propose a rapid detection method for studying Aβ aggregation and inhibition under an optimized acidic perturbation condition by dual functions of gold nanoplasmonic particles (GNPs): (1) catalytic activator and (2) optical reporter. Because of roles of GNPs as effective nucleation sites for fast-catalyzing Aβ aggregation and colorimetric optical reporters for tracking Aβ aggregation, we accomplished the fast aggregation assay in less than 1 min by the naked eyes. Our detection method is based on spontaneous clustering of unconjugated (unmodified) GNPs along with the aggregated Aβ network under an aggregation-promoting condition. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we employed the acidic perturbation permitting rapid cooperative assemblies of GNPs and Aβ peptides via their surface charge modulation. Under the optimized acidic perturbation condition around pH 2 to 3, we characterized the concentration-dependent colorimetric responses for aggregation at physiologically relevant Aβ concentration levels (from 100 μM to 10 nM). We also demonstrated the GNP/acidic condition-based rapid inhibition assay of Aβ aggregation by using well-known binding reagents such as antibody and serum albumin. The proposed methodology can be a powerful alternative method for screening drugs for AD as well as studying molecular biophysics of protein aggregations, and further extended to explore other protein conformational diseases such as neurodegenerative disease.
Impact of upper endoscopic survey during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement

Background: No consensus exists concerning the utility of a full diagnostic upper endoscopy during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. We evaluate the effect of a complete survey on identifying and treating unsuspected gastrointestinal pathology. Methods: During a 10-year period (1990-2000), 1,706 patients underwent attempted PEG tube placement by five different surgical endoscopists at one institution. A complete survey of the esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum was attempted in all cases. Endoscopic findings and recommendations were recorded in a computerized log and patient charts. Pathology results were obtained from a computerized pathology database and patient charts. Results: Placement of a PEG tube was successful in 97%, and a full survey was possible in 99% of the cases. Pathologic findings were found in 38% of the surveyed patients (esophagus, 7%; stomach, 24%; duodenum, 7%). One group with gastrointestinal polyps or gastric ulcers (5.7%) was identified as possible candidates for endoscopic intervention. In 30% of this group (1.8% of the total) a biopsy was performed, or bleeding was treated endoscopically. In a second group pathology was identified in the duodenum (6.4%) that would not have been recognized without a full survey. These duodenal findings resulted in a recommendation for treatment change in 38% of this group (2.4% of the total). Conclusions: Upper endoscopic survey before PEG tube placement showed a significant amount of unsuspected gastrointestinal pathology. Findings requiring biopsy, immediate treatment, or a change in medical treatment occurred in 4.2% of the cases, and these findings did not prevent PEG tube placement in any patient.
CLINICAL REVIEW 27 Effects of Hormonal Replacement on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Postmenopausal Women

HEART disease is the leading cause of death in women and accounts for 500,000 deaths annually, compared to only 250,000 for cancer. Of the $60 billion spent annually in the United States for the treatment of heart disease, 58% of this expense is attributable to disease in women. Unfortunately, however, virtually all appropriations of funding for research in the prevention and treatment of heart disease are for men. Several lines of evidence suggest that both the morbidity and mortality of heart disease in postmenopausal women are increased compared to those in men. Heart disease after menopause is a more devastating disease. The focus of this review, therefore, is to explore the hypothesis that lipids may be implicated in this cardiovascular (CV) risk and to analyze the effects of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on lipids and lipoproteins. Cardiovascular Disease: The Influence of Cholesterol The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) rises substantially with aging after the natural menopause, but on...
Where did the BLOSUM62 alignment score matrix come from

Many sequence alignment programs use the BLOSUM62 score matrix to score pairs of aligned residues. Where did BLOSUM62 come from?
Structure and function of Polo-like kinases

Polo-like kinases play critical roles during multiple stages of cell cycle progression. All Polo-like kinases contain an N-terminal Ser/Thr kinase catalytic domain and a C-terminal region that contains one or two Polo-boxes. For Polo-like kinase 1, 2, and 3, and their homologs, the entire C-terminal region, including both Polo-boxes, functions as a single modular phosphoserine/threonine-binding domain known as the Polo-box domain (PBD). In the absence of a bound substrate, the PBD inhibits the basal activity of the kinase domain. Phosphorylation-dependent binding of the PBD to its ligands releases the kinase domain, while simultaneously localizing Polo-like kinases to specific subcellular structures. These observations suggest two different models for how the PBD integrates signals arising from other mitotic kinases to target the activated kinase towards distinct substrates. The recent X-ray crystal structures of the PBD provide insights into the structural basis for PBD function and kinase regulation. Molecular modelling of the structure of the isolated kinase domain reveals a potential basis for motif-dependent substrate specificity.
Spectral fluorescence and scattering of cyanobacteria and diatoms held by optical tweezers

Optical tweezers is a term used to describe the optical force generation and confinement process by a highly focused laser beam. The forces exerted by the tweezer are sufficient to confine and move cells and particles without physical contact. When integrated with fluorescence or scattering detection, the laser tweezer can become a powerful instrument for the rapid characterization of the optical properties of isolated organic marine particulates and phytoplanktonic cells, from which bulk properties may be inferred. This technique offers the advantage of studying planktonic cells and organisms in their natural environment by confinement without immobilization, thereby preserving the spectral absorption and fluorescence properties of the samples under study. Herein, we report, for the first time, on the measurement of the spectral fluorescence and scattering of cyanobacteria and diatoms which have been confined by an optical tweezer. Preliminary data shows the characteristic emission peak from the chlorophyll (alpha) pigment (685 nm) for both samples, as well as spectral features that may be related to other photosynthetic pigments.
Dormant Microbes in Interstitial Cystitis

AbstractInterstitial cystitis (IC) is an inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder that has no known etiology. A microbial association with this disease has not been supported since routine cultures of urine from IC patients are usually negative. However, we have demonstrated the presence of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in bladder biopsies from 29 percent of patients with IC, but not from control patients with other urological diseases. The ability to identify the presence of bacterial DNA in these patients was accomplished using a sensitive and specific nested PCR method capable of amplifying 16S rRNA genes from a wide variety of bacterial genera. Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from bladder tissue of IC patients showed that these genes were derived from genera representing Gram-negative bacteria. In addition to the molecular data, a novel finding of 0.22 micrometer. filterable forms has been isolated in culture from the biopsy tissue of 14 of 14 IC patients and from 1 of 15 con...
Enabling global access to high-quality biopharmaceuticals

Biologic drugs are an important class of therapeutics in the biopharmaceutical industry today. Manufacturing of these drugs is highly optimized to match the economic models in place for drug development in the developed world. To improve the accessibility of these therapies in low-resource to middle-resource countries, however, innovations in both the overall yields and quality/potency of drug product are needed. Advances in hosts used for expression, purification by non-conventional means, like crystallization, and new on-line analytics for process monitoring could help address these challenges. Ultimately, cost of goods should be reduced for biologics to a range where established global delivery mechanisms (e.g. public–private partnerships for vaccines) can become attractive alternatives.