cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic charge densities in PbSe and PbTe

The electronic charge densities for PbSe and PbTe are derived from recent pseudopotential-band-structure calculations. The results are displayed as contour plots for individual bands and for the total valence charge. Fractional amounts of charge inside touching spheres around each atom are calculated for different $l$ values by an angular momentum projection method. Rough estimates of the charge transfers in PbSe and PbTe are made. The charge densities for the states forming the gap at the point $L$ of the Brillouin zone are presented and related to pressure and temperature coefficients of the fundamental gap.
Solution structure of tRNAVal from refinement of homology model against residual dipolar coupling and SAXS data

A procedure is presented for refinement of a homology model of E. coli tRNAVal, originally based on the X-ray structure of yeast tRNAPhe, using experimental residual dipolar coupling (RDC) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data. A spherical sampling algorithm is described for refinement against SAXS data that does not require a globbic approximation, which is particularly important for nucleic acids where such approximations are less appropriate. Substantially higher speed of the algorithm also makes its application favorable for proteins. In addition to the SAXS data, the structure refinement employed a sparse set of NMR data consisting of 24 imino N–HN RDCs measured with Pf1 phage alignment, and 20 imino N–HN RDCs obtained from magnetic field dependent alignment of tRNAVal. The refinement strategy aims to largely retain the local geometry of the 58% identical tRNAPhe by ensuring that the atomic coordinates for short, overlapping segments of the ribose-phosphate backbone and the conserved base pairs remain close to those of the starting model. Local coordinate restraints are enforced using the non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) term in the XPLOR-NIH or CNS software package, while still permitting modest movements of adjacent segments. The RDCs mainly drive the relative orientation of the helical arms, whereas the SAXS restraints ensure an overall molecular shape compatible with experimental scattering data. The resulting structure exhibits good cross-validation statistics (jack-knifed Qfree = 14% for the Pf1 RDCs, compared to 25% for the starting model) and exhibits a larger angle between the two helical arms than observed in the X-ray structure of tRNAPhe, in agreement with previous NMR-based tRNAVal models.
Manufacturing technology for terrestrial PV systems: high efficiency crystalline Si through amorphous Si

In order to meet the rapidly growing demands for solar power photovoltaic systems, grounded on public consciousness of global environmental issues, Sharp has increased the production of solar cells and modules 50-fold in last 7 years. Efforts to establish manufacturing technologies of solar cells for terrestial use and approaches toward high light-to-electricity conversion efficiency using silicon material (crystalline to amorphous ) are described. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal Input to Twin and Singleton Children Implications for Language Acquisition

Differences in the conversational characteristics of mothers of two-year-old twins and mothers of two-year-old singletons with older siblings were investigated. Three maternal conversational characteristics were examined: discourse features, illocutionary force features, and style parameters. The twins' and singletons' language skills were also compared and the relationship between the maternal conversational characteristics and language development scores was explored. The mothers of twins were found to differ significantly from the mothers of singleton children in their conversational behavior. The twin children were found to score significantly lower than the singleton children on measures of language expression and comprehension. Significant correlations were found between the maternal input features and the children's language scores. It is proposed that twins receive less responsive and less conversation-eliciting maternal speech. The possibility is offered that this style of speech may play a role in their slower rate of language development.
MSTAR object classification and confuser and clutter rejection using Minace filters

This paper presents the status of our SAR automatic target recognition (ATR) work on the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) public database using the minimum noise and correlation energy (MINACE) distortion-invariant filter (DIF). We use a subset of the MSTAR public database for the benchmark three-class problem and we address confuser and clutter rejection. To handle the full 360° range of aspect view in MSTAR data, we use a set of Minace filters for each object; each filter should recognize the object (and its variants) in some angular range. We use fewer DIFs per object than prior work did. The Minace parameter c trades-off distortion-tolerance (recognition) versus discrimination (confuser/clutter rejection) performance. Our filter synthesis algorithm automatically selects the Minace filter parameter c and selects the training set images to be included in the filter, so that the filter can achieve both good recognition and good confuser and clutter rejection performance; this is achieved using a training and validation set. In our new filter synthesis method, no confuser, clutter, or test set data are used. The peak-to-correlation energy (PCE) ratio is used as the correlation plane metric in both filter synthesis and in tests, since it works better than correlation peak height. In tests, we do not assume that the test input's pose is known (as most prior work does), since pose estimation of SAR objects has a large margin of error; we describe our procedure for proper use of pose estimates in MSTAR recognition. The use of circular versus linear correlations is addressed. We also address the use of multi-look SAR data to improve performance.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rich service description for a smarter lifestyle

A generally portrayed mobile society vision is captured by the idea of Intelligent Personal mobile Lifestyle Assistants that takes on many forms, they help you find your way around the Internet, they might be mobile, they may be socially intelligent and may even communicate emotional responses when you interact with them using learning techniques to filter and match just what you want when you want it. This brings a promise of a better lifestyle supported through efficient and personalised electronic assistants, which brings just what you need when you need it. Imagine a time when people receive their intelligent Personal mobile lifestyle assistant. Perhaps there will be a legal age before you are able to officially use your electronic assistant. Just like learning to drive a car. Different countries will have different legislations about when, how, codes of practice, legal fines, storage costs etc. In order to support this interaction medium requires rich distributed service framework that supports many different aspects of knowledge content for personalization. Here we make an emphasis on lifestyle as the electronic society becomes part of many people's way of life for managing business, services and social opportunities.In this paper we focus on the developments and requirements to provide a core definition and support of service description in order to provide an intelligent middleware that is the backbone of enabling the mobile lifestyle we envision. We draw upon the various research activities that contribute to the development of rich service descriptions and the opportunity for aggregation of services in a dynamic environment that can support context-aware needs of m-lifestyle. We extend the current architectures used to enable a richer service description for a smarter lifestyle.
EFFECT OF ORAL SURGERY ON SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALACETIC TRANSAMINASE (SGO-T) LEVELS.

I II September, 1963, a 54year-old white man entered the Long Beach Veterans Administration IIospital for extraction of seven teeth. IIc had a history of coronary artery disease and was being followed by the Cardiac Service. He had had intermittent episodes of angina for 3 months prior to being admitted t,o the hospital for correction of his dental problem but was cleared for dental extraction by the Cardiac Service. After premeditation, the teeth were extracted under local anesthesia. The procedure was well tolerated, and t,hcrt: were no operative complications. Postoperatively, the patient had chest pain, dyspnea, and other signs of cardiac difficulty, which subsided within 24 hours. An electrocardiogram taken postoperatively did not show any significant change from prerious examinations ; however, the SGO-T level was elevated to 175 units, and myocardial infarction was suspected. The question arose as to whether the transaminase elevation might result from the oral surgical procedure itself. Since the effect of oral surgery upon SGO-T levels has not been previously described, the present study was undertaken.
A direct-forcing immersed boundary method for the thermal lattice Boltzmann method

Abstract In this study, a direct-forcing immersed boundary method (IBM) for thermal lattice Boltzmann method (TLBM) is proposed to simulate the non-isothermal flows. The direct-forcing IBM formulas for thermal equations are derived based on two TLBM models: a double-population model with a simplified thermal lattice Boltzmann equation (Model 1) and a hybrid model with an advection–diffusion equation of temperature (Model 2). As an interface scheme, which is required due to a mismatch between boundary and computational grids in the IBM, the sharp interface scheme based on second-order bilinear and linear interpolations (instead of the diffuse interface scheme, which uses discrete delta functions) is adopted to obtain the more accurate results. The proposed methods are validated through convective heat transfer problems with not only stationary but also moving boundaries – the natural convection in a square cavity with an eccentrically located cylinder and a cold particle sedimentation in an infinite channel. In terms of accuracy, the results from the IBM based on both models are comparable and show a good agreement with those from other numerical methods. In contrast, the IBM based on Model 2 is more numerically efficient than the IBM based on Model 1.
Pb2+: an endocrine disruptor in Drosophila?

Abstract Environmental exposure to Pb 2+ affects hormone-mediated responses in vertebrates. To help establish the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster , as a model system for studying such disruption, we describe effects of Pb 2+ on hormonally regulated traits. These include duration of development, longevity, females' willingness to mate, fecundity and adult locomotor activity. Developmental Pb 2+ exposure has been shown to affect gene expression in a specific region of the Drosophila genome (~ 122 genes) involved in lead-induced changes in adult locomotion and to affect regulation of intracellular calcium levels associated with neuronal activity at identified synapses in the larval neuromuscular junction. We suggest ways in which Drosophila could become a new model system for the study of endocrine disruptors at genetic, neural and behavioral levels of analysis, particularly by use of genomic methods. This will facilitate efforts to distinguish between behavioral effects of Pb 2+ caused by direct action on neural mechanisms versus effects of Pb + 2 on behavior mediated through endocrine disruption.
Older Women's Experiences with Multiple Health Conditions: Daily Challenges and Care Practices

Guided by life-course theory and a trajectory model of chronic illness, we examined the health care practices and management strategies used by 17 older women with multiple chronic conditions. Qualitative analyses revealed that the women played an active role in shaping the course of their illness within their everyday lives. Pain and a decline in energy frequently interfered with completion of daily activities. To compensate, many women reduced and slowed down the pace of activities they performed while emphasizing the importance of maintaining independence and autonomy. Appreciative of support from family members, at times the women received more help and advice than they preferred.
The World in Pieces: Concepts of Anxiety in H. C. Andersen's "The Snow Queen"

This paper draws parallels between Kierkegaard's themes of anxiety, and despair, and irony as they are laid out in The Concept of Anxiety, The Sickness Unto Death, and The Concept of Irony, respectively, and similar motifs in his compatriot Hans Christian Andersen's long moralizing fairy-tale, "The Snow Queen." Bringing a psychoanalytical framework to bear on all these works, the paper argues that "The Snow Queen" is in many ways a dramatization of some of Kierkegaard's own key concerns, a dramatization which however flinches before Kierkegaard's more rigorous stance towards what contemporary psychoanalysis calls "depression."
Natural Enemies of Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae, Two Weevils from Waterhyacinth in Argentina

Populations of Neochetina eichhorniae Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were 40 to 60% infected by nematodes (Metaparasitylenchus sp.), 7 to 22% infected by a microsporidian (Nosema sp.), 4% infested with mites (Histiostoma n. sp. and Lasioseius sp.), and attacked by various arthropod predators in Argentina. Populations of Neochetina bruchi Hustache were 1 to 3% infected with nematodes or microsporidians and 19% infested with mites. The mites were found only during the summer, but microsporidia and nematodes were found throughout most of the year.
Maitotoxin-induced liver cell death involving loss of cell ATP following influx of calcium.

Maitotoxin, one of the most potent marine toxins known, produced cell death in cultures of rat hepatocytes with a TD50 of 80 pm at 24 hr. The cell death, as indicated by a dose- and time-dependent leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), was also associated with the leakage of [14C]adenine nucleotides from hepatocytes prelabeled with [14C]adenine. The toxic effect of maitotoxin was completely abolished by the omission of calcium from the culture medium. The cell death induced by maitotoxin increased with increasing concentrations of calcium in the medium. Treatment of hepatocytes with low concentrations of the toxin ( 1 ng/ml), the initial increase in 45Ca influx was followed by the release of the 45Ca from the cells into the medium. Since the 45Ca release paralleled the LDH leakage, the release of calcium was due to cell death. The 45Ca influx, [14C]adenine nucleotide leakage, and LDH leakage were effectively inhibited by verapamil, a calcium channel blocker. Maitotoxin also induced a time- and dose-dependent loss of ATP from hepatocytes, which preceded the [14C]adenine nucleotide and LDH leakage. Thus, it appears that the cell death resulting from maitotoxin treatment is caused by the elevated intracellular calcium, which in turn inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation causing depletion of cell ATP. Loss of cell ATP may be the causative event in the maitotoxin-induced cell death.
Erikson's Healthy Personality, Societal Institutions, and Holocaust Survivors

The researchers conducted a content analysis of transcripts of interviews with survivors of the Nazi Holocaust. They coded relevant passages as representing favorable or unfavorable outcomes of each of eight psychosocial crises according to Eriksonian criteria. Data also included survivors' self-assessments of their success in meeting Erikson's eight stages of development and their evaluations of other survivors' “success” at each stage. Transcripts were also read to obtain an impression of broad environmental influences at the time of the Holocaust. Survivor quotes are included to illustrate their life transitions.
Importance of the keratinized epithelial cell in bacterial adherence.

The effects of cellular pathology and keratinization of skin and nasal cells upon binding of Staphylococcus aureus were examined. Adherence with epithelial cells obtained from either the skin or nasal mucosa of patients with atopic dermatitis was greater than that observed with normal cells ( p S. aureus on nasal cells: One, present upon both granular and fully keratinized cells, is not blocked by teichoic acid and appears responsible for the higher bacterial counts on atopic cells; the second is found on keratinized cells only and is susceptible to teichoic acid.
Short-term and long-term quality of life after neck dissection.

Introduction Quality of life (QOL) is an important outcome measure in cancer therapy. Neck dissection (ND) morbidity has been well studied, but no study has focused on the quality of life after ND specifically. Methods Fifty-one patients who have undergone ND completed a 6-item quality-of-life survey with a 7-point frequency and interference response scale. General QOL and comorbidity biases were evaluated with the SF-12 questionnaire and the Charlson comorbidity index. Results The following symptoms were the most commonly experienced after surgery: neck tightness (71%), numbness or burning of the ear (57%), and shoulder discomfort (53%). However, interference with daily activities was reported by only 37%, 32%, and 33% of patients with these symptoms, respectively. Within 2 years of surgery, interference with daily activities decreased to 17%, 18%, and 12%, respectively. QOL after ND was negatively associated with previous radiation, previous chemotherapy, tumor stage, and more radical neck surgery but was positively associated with time after surgery. Shoulder discomfort and neck tightness had the greatest affect on QOL. Conclusions Our results suggest that patients should receive preoperative counseling regarding the morbidities from ND and the possible short-term and long-term impact on QOL. Further studies evaluating the relationship between primary tumor characteristics and quality of life after ND need to be undertaken. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 954–961, 2001.
Fractionation of Soybean Oil Meal for Growth and Antiperotic Factors: 1. Non-Phospholipid Nature of the Factors

Abstract IN INVESTIGATIONS of the unidentified growth factors present in dried whey, the growth response varied with different lots of soybean oil meal which were used as a source of protein. This led Hill (1948) to conclude that soybean oil meals were themselves sources of growth factors and this was further supported by the studies of Hill and Briggs (1950), and Savage et al. (1950). Similar results have been obtained at this Experiment Station and have led the present workers to attempt the concentration of the growth factor(s) for turkey poults from soybean oil meal. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES The basal diets (Table 1) contained about 27% protein and the other nutrients established to be needed for the turkey poults. Drackett C-l (an isolated soybean protein) supplied all the protein in basal diet D and one-half of the protein in diet DSB. The other half came from soybean oil meal (methanol extracted) which …
The Changing Workforce and Organisation Effectiveness: An Agenda for Change?

The changing population patterns in the industrial democracies create pressures for change which will eventually be experienced by all employers. Yet, executives are loath to face this demand. Structures, strategies and policies suited to the labour surplus which existed during the baby boom′s entry into the workforce are no longer adaptive. Change will be pressed on both the organisation and individuals within it.
On the Uniqueness of Color Patterns in Raptor Feathers

Abstract For this study, I compared sequentially molted feathers for a few captive raptors from year to year and symmetrically matched feathers (left/right pairs) for many raptors to see if color patterns of sequential feather pairs were identical or if symmetrical pairs were mirror-image identical. Feather pairs were found to be identical only when without color pattern (e.g., the all-white rectrices of Bald Eagles [Haliaeetus leucocephalus]). Complex patterns were not closely matched, but some simple patterns were sometimes closely matched, although not identical. Previous claims that complex color patterns in feather pairs are fingerprint-identical (and therefore that molted feathers from wild raptors can be used to identify breeding adults from year to year with certainty) were found to be untrue: each feather is unique. Although it is unwise to be certain of bird of origin using normal feathers, abnormal feathers can often be so used.
Effects of intermittent flow and irradiance level on back reef Porites corals at elevated seawater temperatures

Corals inhabiting shallow back reef habitats are often simultaneously exposed to elevated seawater temperatures and high irradiance levels, conditions known to cause coral bleaching. Water flow in many tropical back reef systems is tidally influenced, resulting in semi-diurnal or diurnal flow patterns. Controlled experiments were conducted to test effects of semi-diurnally intermittent water flow on photoinhibition and bleaching of the corals Porites lobata and P. cylindrica kept at elevated seawater temperatures and different irradiance levels. All coral colonies were collected from a shallow back reef pool on Ofu Island, American Samoa. In the high irradiance experiments, photoinhibition and bleaching were less for both species in the intermittent high-low flow treatment than in the constant low flow treatment. In the low irradiance experiments, there were no differences in photoinhibition or bleaching for either species between the flow treatments, despite continuously elevated seawater temperatures. These results suggest that intermittent flow associated with semi-diurnal tides, and low irradiances caused by turbidity or shading, may reduce photoinhibition and bleaching of back reef corals during warming events.
Safety of dobutamine stress echocardiography supervised by registered nurse sonographers.

Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is widely used for the diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Studies examining the safety of this technique typically have involved DSE supervised by physicians. At the Mayo Clinic, experienced registered nurse (RN) sonographers were trained to perform DSE under the direct supervision of a physician. To prove that the safety of DSE was not compromised with the change in supervision, we examined data from 1035 consecutive outpatient studies: 516 patients were monitored by cardiologists or cardiology fellows (group 1) and 519 were monitored by trained RN sonographers (group 2). Risk factors, history of coronary artery disease, stress parameters, and complication rates were similar in both groups. In group 1, one patient experienced sustained ventricular tachycardia requiring treatment. In group 2, one patient experienced ventricular fibrillation during recovery and was successfully resuscitated. Outpatient DSE is safe when supervised by RN sonographers. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998;11:601-5.)
Resting metabolic rate is reduced in patients treated with antidepressants.

Eating disturbances, most notably a decrease in appetite and weight loss, are associated with major depression (Robinson et al. 1975; Paykel 1977; Mezzich and Raab 1980). During antidepressant treatment, many symptoms of depression disappear (including appetite loss), and patients begin to gain weight. Several studies have shown that certain antidepressants, particularly tricyclic compounds, are associated with excessive weight gain (Paykel et al 1974; Kupfer et al. 1979; Berken et al. 1984). However, few
Estimating time, age and vintage effects in housing prices

Abstract The simultaneous estimation of vintage, age and time of sale effects in hedonic models is generally thought to be impossible without some restriction on functional form. This is not the case. We extend and employ the method of McKenzie (McKenzie, D., 2006. Disentangling age, cohort and time effects in the additive model. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68, 473–495) to estimate additive, but otherwise unrestricted nonparametric hedonic effects of these three temporal variables for a large sample of transactions from Chicago. We compare these to standard treatments of these three variables in hedonic models, and also test for the restrictions that would be implied by linear and quadratic temporal effects, which are all strongly rejected.
Scalar-Isoscalar Correlator in a Phenomenological Coupled-Channel Quark Model

We calculate the Fourier transform of the scalar-isoscalar correlator making use of a generalized coupled-channel Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. The calculation is based upon the assumption that the correlator may be calculated by inserting two-pion continuum states between the operators and . We introduce a model for confinement such that the various quark-loop integrals only have cuts due to the physical two-pion continuum thus allowing us to construct dispersion relations for the correlator. It is then shown that for spacelike P2(P2 0.
The effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the performance properties of rubberized binders in HMA pavements

Abstract The application of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) in asphalt mixtures is intended to improve the properties of binder by reducing the binder’s inherent temperature susceptibility. During the interaction with asphalt binder, the CRM particles absorb a portion of the oils in asphalt binder and the particles swell; therefore increasing the viscosity and stiffness of the CRM binder. Still, the performance properties of CRM binders in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement are considered to be unclear due to the various interaction effects of CRM with asphalt binders, depending on the CRM percentage, source and size. In this study, a laboratory investigation was conducted on the properties of CRM binders as a function of CRM processing method and percentages. A total of twenty-four CRM binders (3 binder sources ∗ 2 CRM processing methods ∗ 4 CRM percentages) were produced and artificially aged through an accelerated aging process. Evaluation of the CRM binders included the following testing procedures: Viscosity at high temperature, performance properties at high and intermediate temperatures, and cracking properties at low temperature. The results from this study indicated that the higher CRM percentages for CRM binders seemed to lead to a higher viscosity, a better rutting resistance and a less chance for low temperature cracking. In general, the ambient CRM was found to be more effective on producing the CRM binders that are more viscous and less susceptible to rutting and cracking.
A 52-Year-Old Woman With Disabling Peripheral Neuropathy: Review of Diabetic Polyneuropathy

Ms Q is a 52-year-old woman who has had progressive polyneuropathy in the setting of diabetes for the past 8 years. Ms Q's major disability is that of increasingly severe neuropathic pain and cramps that have been poorly responsive to a variety of therapies, including gabapentin and topiramate. The diagnosis of and differential diagnosis for diabetic polyneuropathy are reviewed herein. In general, treatment options for diabetic polyneuropathy remain primarily symptomatic. Improving the metabolic profile through weight loss, exercise, and if necessary, medications may help slow neuropathy progression. Many medications are effective in reducing pain, and newly developed ones, such as pregabalin and duloxetine, while specifically marketed for diabetic neuropathy, are likely to be no better and are considerably more expensive than older ones. α-Lipoic acid appears to be effective as well.
Familial distribution of alcohol use: II. Assortative mating of alcoholic probands

Comparisons of the drinking styles of family members of alcoholic probands with those of probands' spouses and spouses' family members were made to investigate factors that may contribute to similarity in alcohol use of spouses. Some support was found for the parental image theory, which predicts that a person will seek a mate with traits liked and without traits disliked in the opposite-sex parent. Alcoholic male probands tended to find spouses who were the daughters of alcoholics. Alcoholic female probands were found to have a high frequency of both alcoholic fathers and husbands, but they do not necessarily occur together. Phenotypic or primary assortative mating/contagion appears to explain more of the interspouse association than social or secondary homogamy.
URBAN OZONE AIR QUALITY IMPACT OF EMISSIONS FROM VEHICLES USING REFORMULATED GASOLINES AND M85

The urban ozone air quality impact of exhaust emissions from vehicles using reformulated gasolines and flexible/variable-fuel vehicles using M85 has been studied using emissions data from the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program and a single-cell trajectory air quality model with two different chemical mechanisms (the updated version of Carbon-Bond-IV (CB4) and the LCC mechanisms). Peak ozone concentrations are predicted for each fuel for all combinations of the following ambient conditions: low and high atmospheric dilution or mixing height, four NMOG/NOx ratios, two each of the initial NMOG concentration, the vehicular contribution to the ambient air, and the NMOG composition of the initial ambient mixture. The ozone impact of a fuel depends strongly on the atmospheric dilution and NMOG/NOx ratio of an area. The differences in ozone impact among fuels are limited under the condition of high atmospheric dilution and a high NMOG/NOx ratio. The ozone-forming potentials (OFPs) for the exhaust emissions based on the maximum incremental reactivities (MIRs) for various fuels are generally well correlated with model-calculated peak ozone levels at a low NMOG/NOx ratio. These OFPs can serve to separate out fuels with rather different reactivities, but not fuels with comparable reactivities. Model-calculated ozone levels for various fuels based on CB4 and LCC mechanisms are relatively well correlated at low NMOG/NOx ratios, but much less so at higher ratios. Fuels with a high aromatic content, including high-toluene fuels, tend to be ranked more favorably by CB4 than by LCC. On the other hand, M85 is ranked more favorably by LCC than by CB4. Fuels with a low 90% boiling point and a low content on aromatics and olefins are generally less reactive. M85 would be an attractive fuel if the formaldehyde emissions could be curtailed significantly. (A)
System theory as applied to machine tool stability

Abstract In this paper, the stability of the machine tool is analysed based on the locus of the dynamic cutting coefficients. The approach is based on Nyquist criterion as applied to feedback loop of the machine tool - cutting process system. For a simple overall loop, the stability limit is achieved by equating the characteristic function of the overall transfer function to zero. Stability calculations are carried out considering multi-degrees of freedom in different directions in space using the compliance curve of the machine tool and the dynamic cutting coefficients expressed in the form of linear equation. Stability is analysed and discussed for the simultaneous variation of critical depth of cut, chatter frequency, and phase angle.
Development of infant ear asymmetries for speech and music.

Groups of 2-, 3-, and 4-month olds were tested for dichotic ear differences in memory-based phonetic and music timbre discriminations. A right-ear advantage for speech and a left-ear advantage (LEA) for music were found in the 3- and 4-month-olds. However, the 2-month-olds showed only the music LEA, with no reliable evidence of memory-based speech discrimination by either hemisphere. Thus, the responses of all groups to speech contrasts were different from those to music contrasts, but the pattern of the response dichotomy in the youngest group deviated from that found in the older infants. It is suggested that the quality or use of lefthemisphere phonetic memory may change between 2 and 3 months, and that the engagement of right-hemisphere specialized memory for musical timbre may precede that for left-hemisphere phonetic memory. Several directions for future research are suggested to determine whether infant short-term memory asymmetries for speech and music are attributable to acoustic factors, to different modes or strategies in perception, or to structural and dynamic properties of natural sound sources.
Two types of locus coeruleus neurons born on different embryonic days in the mouse.

Retrograde axonal tracing studies were performed in combination with tritiated thymidine cell birthday analyses in order to determine whether or not any hodologicotemporal gradients exist in neuron genesis within the murine locus coeruleus. Following injections of retrograde tracers within the forebrain or cerebellum in mice exposed in utero to the radiolabeled nucleoside on embryonic days 9–11 (E9-11), combined histochemical and autoradiographic preparations revealed: 1) Locus coeruleus neurons that give rise to long distance axonal projections to the cortices are born exclusively on E9 (other studies indicate that these cells are noradrenergic); and 2) Locus coeruleus cells born on E10 and E11 are a class of smaller cells which were never observed to project to distant structures. The transmitters of these apparent local circuit neurons have not yet been determined, but gamma aminobutyric acid is one possible candidate. These findings support the interpretation that monoaminergic neurons tend to arise earlier during development than non-monoaminergic neurons within the locus coeruleus, and that distinctly different connectional arrangements exist for these monoaminergic and non-monoaminergic cells.
Problem‐based learning in business education: Curriculum design and implementation issues

Drawing on eleven years' experience with a problem-based learning MBA program, we have found that the way in which the PBL process is used, faculty capabilities, and student transition are critical implementation issues.
The Air is Becoming Full of War

This article examines the responses of Jewish San Franciscans to World War I, comparing reactions of Jewish and non-Jewish Americans and considering regional differences in the Jewish response. The primary source is the Emanu-El, San Francisco9s only Jewish newspaper during the war. Comparing the San Francisco experience with that of New York, the article argues that, while San Francisco Jews shared many of their fellow citizens9 feelings toward the nations at war, the �ghting in Europe raised troubling issues for Jewish Americans, as well as problems they did not share with other Americans. In key respects, region mattered more than religious identi�cation: Jewish San Franciscans tended to view the war as westerners rather than as Jews, but war exacerbated tensions within American Jewry and added urgency to leaders9 efforts to create consensus, especially on such controversial issues as Zionism.
Inductor design for low loss with dual foil windings and quasi-distributed gap

In order to maximize efficiency for waveforms that contain low frequency and high frequency components, an inductor design using quasi-distributed gaps with thin and thick foil windings connected in parallel is presented. Compared to a single foil winding, this allows having more flexibility in design, improving packing factor, and pushing the upper frequency limit higher for a wide range of power electronics applications. For this configuration and for high-frequency foil inductors in general, a difficulty is developing low-resistance winding terminations and avoiding eddy-current losses in those terminations. A dual-winding structure which allows both terminations to be located in a low-field region to avoid eddy-current losses is introduced. An inductor prototype has been built and tested, and measurement results confirm the benefits. Simulation results show that improved detailed positioning of individual air-gaps in the centerpost could further reduce high-frequency resistance.
Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits the Vacuolar H+‐ATPase in Brain Synaptic Vesicles at Micromolar Concentrations

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced from several sources in brain and may be involved in neurodegeneration and second messenger signaling. Little is known about the effects of H2O2 on transmitter storage in brain synaptic vesicles. Neurotransmitter uptake into synaptic vesicles is driven by an electrochemical proton gradient generated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in the vesicle membrane. We report here that the VATPase in bovine brain synaptic vesicles is highly sensitive to inhibition by micromolar concentrations of H2O2. Glutamate uptake by the vesicles is also inhibited, very likely as a secondary consequence of ATPase inactivation. Dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione reverse H2O2-induced inhibition of the V-ATPase, and ATP or GTP partially protect the ATPase from inhibition by H2O2. These and other results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition of the V-ATPase by H2O2 involves oxidation of a reactive cysteine sulfhydryl group in the ATP binding site. Inhibition of V-ATPase activity would decrease the amount of transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles and thus down-regulate transmitter release during episodes of oxidative stress or in response to second messenger signaling.
Promotion of trans-platinum in vivo effects on renal heme and hemoprotein metabolism by d,l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine possible role of glutathione

Abstract We have examined the toxicity of trans -platinum ( trans -diamminedichloroplatinum II) to heme and hemoprotein metabolism in the kidney of glutathione (GSH)-depleted rats and compared it with that produced by cis -platinum. Unlike cis -platinum treatment (7.0 mg/kg, i.v.) which caused after 7 days significant increases in cytochromes P450 and b 5 , and a marked decrease in porphyrin content of the kidney, trans -platinum alone (7 mg/kg, i.v.) did not elicit notable changes in these variables when measured 1 or 7 days after treatment. Also, cis -platinum treatment significantly altered the heme degradation pathway by increasing the activity of heme oxygenase and decreasing that of biliverdin reductase; trans -platinum treatment did not elicit a response in these activities. However, when rats were given the inhibitor of GSH synthesis, d,l -buthionine- S , R -sulfoximine (BSO), the subsequent administration (2 hr later) of trans -platinum produced, in 1 day, the spectrum of responses that were mediated by cis -platinum after 7 days. In the kidneys of rats treated with BSO plus trans -platinum the concentration of platinum measured only about 50% of that detected in the kidneys of rats treated with trans -platinum alone. In the liver, trans -platinum by itself or in combination with BSO was ineffective in altering the measured variables of heme metabolism. The possibility that similarity between cis - platinum and trans -platinum plus BSO may extend to systems other than heme metabolism, e.g. GSH synthesis and degradation, was examined. cis -Platinum caused significant inhibition of both renal γ-glutamyl synthetase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase after 7 days, but not after 1 day. Twenty-four hours after treatment, BSO + trans -platinum caused inhibition of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity, whereas this activity in animals treated with BSO alone had returned to control values. At this time point, neither oxidized glutathione (GSSG)-reductase nor γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was affected by trans -platinum + BSO treatment. The findings suggest that GSH constitutes an important defense mechanism against trans -platinum alteration of heme metabolism and may play a role in cellular accumulation of the drug in an inactive complex. It is proposed that BSO treatment, despite resulting in a diminished intracellular concentration of trans -platinum, allows reaction of the metal complex with target molecules by virtue of its ability to deplete GSH.
Automated generalization of translation examples

Previous work has shown that adding generalization of the examples in the corpus of an example-based machine translation (EBMT) system can reduce the required amount of pretranslated example text by as much as an order of magnitude for Spanish-English and French-English EBMT. Using word clustering to automatically generalize the example corpus can provide the majority of this improvement for French-English with no manual intervention; the prior work required a large bilingual dictionary tagged with parts of speech and the manual creation of grammar rules. By seeding the clustering with a small amount of manually-created information, even better performance can be achieved. This paper describes a method whereby bilingual word clustering can be performed using standard monolingual document clustering techniques, and its effectiveness at reducing the size of the example corpus required.
Stratigraphic evidence of desertification in the west-central Great Plains within the past 1000 yr

Stratigraphic and geomorphic relations, archeological data, and eight radiocarbon ages at five widely scattered localities in northeastern Colorado indicate that eolian sand was mobilized over broad areas within the past 1000 yr. The mobilization began after 1 ka, was episodic, and ended at some as yet undetermined time prior to the latter part of the nineteenth century. Given that climate-model simulations suggest only slight variation in average surface temperature and annual precipitation in this region during the past 1000 yr, this part of the Great Plains evidently is near the threshold of widespread eolian sand transport under the present climate.
On the pseudo steady state hypothesis for fluid solid reactions

Utilisation de la methode du developpement asymptotique raccorde pour obtenir l'erreur maximale due a l'emploi de l'hypothese du regime pseudostable
The current role of laparoscopic surgery in gynecological oncology.

Transabdominal lapaotomy is currently the standard approach to the surgical diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignancies. Despite the fact that laparoscopy has been widely embraced by our gynecological/infertility colleagues for many years, it has only sporadically been utilized by gynecological oncologists. With the advent of video laparoscopy, novel instrumentation, and new techniques, a reevaluation of the applicability of this procedure is certainly in order. To date, laparoscopy has been employed for the performance of a multitude of intra-abdominal procedures. However, universal applicability may not be feasible or in the best interest of all patients with gynecological malignancies. As instrumentation and techniques evolve, it is possible that procedures currently nonamenable to the laparoscopic approach may become so. However, it is wise to approach these new procedures with healthy skepticism, and within the context of proper scientific study. This article summarizes the status of laparo...
High-power CARM and harmonic gyro-amplifier experiments☆

Abstract Cyclotron resonance maser oscillators and amplifiers are attractive sources for applications such as electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of fusion plasmas and driving high gradient RF accelerators. For ECRH applications oscillators in the 140–280 GHz range with high average power ( > 1 MW) are required. A 27.8 GHz long-pulse (1 μs) CARM oscillator experiment has been carried out at the MIT Plasma Fusion Center. A 450 keV, 80 A electron beam is generated by a diode Pierce gun. The interaction takes place inside a Bragg resonator. Output power of 1.9 MW (efficiency of 5.2%) has been measured in the TE 11 mode. A significant mode competition between the modes TE 11 and TM 01 is present. For applications such as accelerator drivers, amplifiers or phase-locked oscillators at frequencies in the 11–33 GHz range with high peak power ( 100 MW) are required. A 17 GHz CARM amplifier experiment and a 17 GHz third harmonic gyro-amplifier experiment are presently under way. These devices utilize the SRL/MIT SNOMAD II linear induction accelerator injector for production of a 30 ns flat top electron beam up to 400 keV and 400 A. The third harmonic gyro-amplifier operating in the TE 31 cylindrical wave guide mode has produced 5 MW of RF power with over 50 dB of gain at 17 GHz. Because of its high power output the gyro-amplifier will be used as the RF source for a photocatode RF electron gun. A CARM experiment designed to operate in the TE 11 mode is also discussed.
Onset and structure of interfaces in a Kawasaki+Glauber interacting particle system

We investigate the spatial structure of typical configurations of a reaction-diffusion spin system (Kawasaki+Glauber model), following the noise induced escape from an unstable spatially homogeneous state. After the escape, the system will be locally in a stationary phase, but will display a globally nontrivial spatial behavior, characterized by large clusters of the (two) different phases. The system can be spatially rescaled according to the typical linear dimension of the clusters and, on this space scale, regions of the opposite phases are separated by smooth (hyper) surfaces, called interfaces. The location of the interfaces is determined by means of the zero-level set of the trajectories of a Gaussian random field. This paper is devoted primarily to the characterization of the structure which appears on a finer scale (the hydrodynamical one) at the interface. A better understanding of the dynamics of the escape (especially in its last and nonlinear stage) leads to substantial improvements of the results in [7, 12].
Enhanced adsorption of carbon nanocomposites exhausted with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid after regeneration by thermal oxidation and microwave irradiation

Graphene nanoplatelet–single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid papers exhausted with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were recovered by a combination of thermal oxidation and microwave irradiation. The recycling efficiency investigated after multiple saturation/regeneration cycles based upon changes in optical absorption spectra significantly exceeded the adsorption capacity of the original nanocomposites.