cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of Ia antigens on murine peritoneal macrophages.

Murine peritoneal cells, both induced and noninduced, were examined For Ia antigens by a variety of techniques. Complement-mediated cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence, analyzed by both visual microscopy and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, detected Ia antigens on the surface of an average of 8% to 15% of cells with the morphologic and functional characteristics of macrophages. Internal radioisotope labeling studies showed that these antigens were actually synthesized by the macrophages. The antigens were borne on molecules which consisted of two components with apparent molecular weights of roughly 33,000 and 25,000 daltons. At least some of these molecules existed as a two-chain structure of 58,000 daltons linked by disulfide bonds. Although macrophage Ia antigens appeared to be structurally similar to the Ia antigens found on spleen cells, the radioisotope labeling studies indicated that the quantity of labeled Ia-bearing molecules isolated from peritoneal macrophages was at most 1/15 that found for B lymphocytes. In addition, anti-Ia antisera failed to inhibit the binding of heat-aggregated immunoglobulin to the Fc receptor of macrophages. Thus, Ia antigens appear to be present at very low levels in macrophage populations, similar to the low levels of Ia antigens found in T-lymphocyte populations. These studies suggest that Ia antigens exist on only a subpopulation of peritoneal macrophages. Alternatively, all cells in the population might bear small amounts of Ia antigens with only a fraction having sufficient numbers of molecules to be detected by the assay systems used.
Seasonal variation in equatorial mesospheric temperatures observed by SME

Abstract Observations made by the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) satellite from 1982 through 1986 are used to examine the seasonal variation of temperature in the equatorial mesosphere between 58.5 and 90 km. Near the equator, seasonal variability is dominated by a strong semiannual oscillation (SAO) whose amplitude increases from about 3 K in the lower mesosphere to 7.3 K near 80 km. Above 80 km, the amplitude of the oscillation decreases to a minimum at 83 km, but increases again sharply above that level, reaching 16,6 K at 90 km, the highest level observed. The structure of the temperature SAO is consistent with previous observations of the SAOs in temperature and zonal wind, although the very large amplitude at 90 km may be due in part to contamination by the diurnal tide. Just below 80 km, temperatures are warm (cold) near the solstices (equinoxes), implying westerly (easterly) accelerations above; the behavior at 58.5 km lap that at 80 km by about 2 months. There is evidence in the data for a seaso...
Modeling of Electron Transport in Thin Films With Quantum and Scattering Effects

With device dimensions shrinking to nanoscales, quantum effects such as confinement and tunneling become significant in electron transport. In addition, thermal transport in devices is directly coupled to charge transport even in highly scaled devices. While electron-phonon scattering usually helps restore thermodynamic equilibrium, shrinking device dimensions may not ensure enough scattering to restore equilibrium. The simultaneous consideration of scattering effects, which is usually described as particle behavior, and quantum effects, which are wave in nature, is extremely difficult and computationally intensive. Most device transport simulation models are not mature enough to couple quantum effects with strong scattering effects. In this paper, we couple quantum effects and scattering influences on electron transport using the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. Results indicate a 45 to 70 percent decrease in channel current for the case of near-elastic, phase-breaking, electron-phonon scattering. The single phonon energies ranged from 2meV to 20meV. The results illustrate the importance of including scattering effects with quantum transport. In addition, the NEGF model is used to assess the effect of temperature on device characteristics of thin film superlattices whose applications include thermoelectric cooling of electronic and optoelectronic systems. Results show the predicted Seebeck coefficient to be in good agreement with the measured values.© 2005 ASME
Investigations on the stereospecificity of peptide active phenyl ester formation and coupling

Abstract Phenolic active esters were investigated for stereospecificity during their formation and subsequent coupling. The different esters of ZGlyPheOH, ZGlyGlyPheOH and BzLeuOH were prepared either by: (a) the backing-off procedure, (b) the usual DCC method, (c) the reverse DCC procedure, or (d) by use of a crystalline “complex” consisting of the isourea derivative “A” and 2 PCPOH. In the preparation of active esters by methods (b), (c), and (d), it was found that the more acidic the phenol component the greater was the optical purity of the ester formed. Method (d) generally afforded the highest optical purity. Under coupling conditions similar to those employed for the preparation of sequential polypeptides using pentachlorophenyl esters, no racemization was encounted as shown by the Anderson racemization test. In esterification of ZGlyPheOH with PCPOH using DCC (1:1:1), the oxazolone formed rapidly, and the rate of ring opening showed the following order: DNPOH > PCPOH > NPOH. In the presence of triethylamine, the opening by the phenols was reversed. However, the rate of oxazolone ring opening by DNPOH and PCPOH was faster in the absence of base. The faster rate of ring opening by the more acidic phenols suggests a pathway indicated by Scheme 1. The rate of active ester formation from ZGlyOH using DCC gave the foUowing order: DNPOH (p K 4·1) > PCPOH (p K 5·3) > NPOH (p K 7·2). The major path to active ester is through direct attack of the phenols on the acylisourea intermediate, while the minor path is through (ZGly) 2 O.
On Examining the Underlying Normal Variable Assumption in Latent Variable Models With Categorical Indicators

A multiple testing approach is outlined that can be used to examine the assumption of underlying normal variables in latent variable models with categorical indicators. The method is based on an application of the increasingly popular Benjamini–Hochberg multiple testing procedure, and is readily applicable with widely circulated software. The discussed method is especially useful for ascertaining this assumption that is very often made in research based on structural equation modeling using models containing discrete outcomes. The described approach is illustrated with numerical data.
Proteolytic Activation of Protein Kinase C-ε by Caspase-mediated Processing and Transduction of Antiapoptotic Signals

Several novel protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have been identified as substrates for caspase-3. We have previously shown that novel PKCe is cleaved during apoptosis in MCF-7 cells that lack any functional caspase-3. In the present study, we show thatin vitro-translated PKCe is processed by human recombinant caspase-3, -7, and -9. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) triggered processing of PKCe to a 43-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment, and cell-permeable caspase inhibitors prevented TNF-induced processing of PKCe in MCF-7 cells. PKCe was cleaved primarily at the SSPD↓G site to generate two fragments with an approximate molecular mass of 43 kDa. It was also cleaved at the DDVD↓C site to generate two fragments with molecular masses of 52 and 35 kDa. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with TNF resulted in the activation of PKCe, and mutation at the SSPD↓G (D383A) site inhibited proteolytic activation of PKCe. Overexpression of wild-type but not dominant-negative PKCe in MCF-7 cells delayed TNF-induced apoptosis, and mutation at the D383A site prevented antiapoptotic activity of PKCe. These results suggest that cleavage of PKCe by caspase-7 at the SSPD↓G site results in the activation of PKCe. Furthermore, activation of PKCe was associated with its antiapoptotic function.
Geographic distribution of xanthine oxidase, free radical scavengers, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme systems in rat heart and skeletal muscle

The geographic distribution of the following enzyme systems is described in the rat heart (left and right ventricles) and in different skeletal muscles (soleus, plantaris, and red and white gastrocnemius): xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzymes, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, and the free radical scavenger enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. No substantial difference in enzyme activities was observed between the left and right ventricles. Skeletal muscles showed a clear distinction between enzyme activities depending on their composition of oxidative fibers and glycolytic fibers.
Characterization of the 5-HT6 receptor coupled to Ca2+ signaling using an enabling chimeric G-protein.

Abstract We examined the feasibility of coupling the 5-HT 6 receptor to a Ca 2+ signaling read-out using a chimeric G-protein, comprising of G αq with the C-terminal five amino acids from G αs , to facilitate assays on the fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR). Using a transient transfection assay in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, Ca 2+ signaling in response to serotonin (5-HT) was facilitated by co-transfection of the 5-HT 6 receptor with the G αq /G αs chimera, but not with the 5-HT 6 receptor alone or with a similar chimera incorporating the C-terminal five amino acids of G αi3 . A series of agonist concentration–response curves were constructed using the 5-HT 6 -G αq /G αs signaling assay generating the following rank order of agonist potency; 5-methoxytryptamine (EC 50 , 9 nM)=5-HT (12 nM)=2-methyl 5-HT (13 nM)>tryptamine (86 nM)=5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) (119 nM)≫lisuride (>1 μM). In comparison, essentially identical EC 50 values were observed for the stimulation of cAMP accumulation with the same compounds; 5-methoxytryptamine (EC 50 , 6 nM)=5-HT (6 nM)=2-methyl 5-HT (15 nM)>tryptamine (91 nM)=5-CT (153 nM)>lisuride (>350 nM). Clozapine and SB 271046 both produced a concentration-dependent antagonism of the 5-HT-stimulated Ca 2+ response with IC 50 values of 45 and 11 nM, respectively. In contrast, aripiprazole, a recently launched atypical anti-psychotic with a novel mechanism of action described as a dopamine/serotonin stabilizer, was essentially devoid of 5-HT 6 receptor antagonist activity. Our results demonstrate that a FLIPR-based Ca 2+ signaling assay is a feasible approach to the functional characterization of 5-HT 6 receptor ligands. Moreover, the equivalent coupling efficiency, as indexed by agonist potency, observed using this system compared with the native coupling assay to cAMP suggests that the C-terminal five amino acids of G αs are the major determinant for the receptor/G-protein interaction of the 5-HT 6 receptor subtype.
The Courvoisier sign

A 60-year-old woman has had jaundice, dark-colored urine, and light-colored stools for the past several days. On examination, her gallbladder is palpable.
Wideband active matching of terahertz envelope detectors

Impedance matching of zero-bias millimeter-wave/THz diodes is examined in the context of THz communications receivers. Specifically, we present an active matching circuit that can realize Gb/s bandwidth performance for a 230GHz carrier frequency envelope detector. The active circuit consists of two transistor stages preceded by a 3rd order L/C matching network. Using a cascode stage followed by an emitter-follower, the baseband output impedance of THz diodes is matched to a standard 50Ω port of subsequent amplifier stage. Matched signal bandwidths as much as 1.2GHz can be achieved using this simple configuration. Examples demonstrate the performance and the benefits of the proposed active matching for high data rate THz receivers.
Laboratory simulation of the rise of buoyant thermals created by open detonation

Laboratory experiments were conducted in a water tank to investigate the rise through the atmosphere of thermals generated by the detonation of surplus military munitions. The fall of a dense volume of fluid through the water in the tank follows the same governing equations as the rise of a buoyant volume of gas in the atmosphere. By filling the tank with a layer of water and a layer of salt water, an elevated step change in density was obtained, simulating a temperature inversion or jump in the atmosphere. The growth of the linear dimensions of the thermal and its volume were determined and used in the development of a criterion for predicting when a thermal will fully penetrate the inversion. Replacing the second layer of fluid with water of gradually increasing salinity, an elevated constant density gradient was obtained. In these cases, the maximum penetration distance of the thermal was observed and the equilibrium position and vertical spread were determined experimentally. These observations and the empirical relationships determined from them should prove useful in the development and evaluation of air pollution dispersion models for predicting the atmospheric transport and diffusion of material released during such detonations.
Is the parity of the K0 meson imaginary?: A proposed analysis of K10−K20 mass-difference experiments

Abstract As postulated by Spitzer, the K0 meson has well-defined and imaginary parity relative to the vacuum. Further, electromagnetic transitions could carry K0 into K0 in the presence of an external field. A search, by analysing existing experimental results, for the implied dependence of the K10−K10 mass difference on the external field is proposed and discussed.
The effect of tax-based savings incentives on the self-employed

Abstract The U.S. individual income tax allows employers to make tax-deferred contributions to qualified pension plans for their employees and, in the case of the self-employed, on their own-behalf. We examine the effect of these tax-based savings incentives on the self-employed. For this purpose we use a panel of sole proprietors constructed from the Statistics of Income (SOI) individual income tax files for 1985, 1989 and 1993. We find that taxes have a substantial effect on both the dichotomous decision to contribute and the amount contributed to tax-deferred retirement savings plan by the self-employed. In general, our estimates suggest a tax price elasticity of contributions around −2.0. This finding is surprisingly robust to a number of alternative specifications.
Reversing Course: A Critique of the Court of Appeals New Rules for Unjust Enrichment and Criminal Legal Malpractice Actions

This article will discuss recent developments by the New York Court of Appeals on the doctrine of unjust enrichment and on the elimination of non-pecuniary damages in criminal legal malpractice actions. Specifically, the article will examine the cases of Georgia Malone & Co. v. Ralph Rieder and Dombrowski v. Bulson.
Encapsulation of Neural Cells in Nano-Featured Polymer Scaffolds through Co-axial Electrospinning

Encapsulation of PC12 cells (neural cell model) in alginate hydrogels with a protective coating of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was achieved in the present study using co-axial electrospinning. Co-axial electrospinning consists of two concentric capillaries compared to only one capillary in conventional electrospinning. This allows for the processing of two liquid solutions simultaneously. Neural cells suspended in hydrogels were injected in the inner capillary, while the carbon nanotubes (added for conductivity) suspended in PLGA were injected in the outer capillary at controlled flow rates. On the application of a high voltage, a compound jet formed at the capillary exits and resulted in a co-electrospun fiber of nerve cells encapsulated in PLGA with carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes were included to make the outer shell conductive to stimulate the PC12 cells. In this study, the voltage varied from 0 to 15 kV and various flow rates were tested to achieve a stable cone-jet mode in electrospinning. The cell density in the media varied from 0.5 to5 million cells/ml and the polymer solution (PLGA) concentration varied from 1 to 10 mg/ml. This resulted in a three dimensional conductive scaffold with nano-features (due to carbon nanotubes) on the polymer surface, which were collected on the grounded substrate. PC12 cells were found to be viable inside microspheres after 3 days. The size of the microspheres was quite uniform and less than 200 μm. This technique may be very useful for the development of cell encapsulated scaffolds which mimic natural body tissue organization for tissue engineering applications such as nervous system regeneration.
On image sets of integer-valued polynomials

Abstract Let Int ( Z ) represent the ring of polynomials with rational coefficients which are integer-valued at integers. We determine criteria for two such polynomials to have the same image set on Z .
Molecular constants of InCl from absorption bands near 3600 angstroms

Abstract The absorption spectra of InCl were photographed using the Wisconsin 21-foot grating and 8 meters of absorbing vapor. The rotational lines of the B(0,0), A(0,0), A(0,1), and A(1,0) bands were identified and their wave numbers determined. An analysis shows that a complete and sensitive test for determining the correct numbering of the rotational lines requires: 1. (a) the equality of the combination differences Δ2F(J) from two or more bands. 2. (b) straight lines on a plot of Δ 2 F(J) (J + 1 2 ) versus (J + 1 2 ) 2 . Either (a) or (b) alone will not form a complete test. The numbering of the rotational lines in this study satisfied both of these tests. A rotational analysis gave the following values to the rotational constants for system A: re′=2.333 × 10−8 cm, re″=2.399 × 10−8 cm, Be′=115.5 × 10−3 cm−1, Be″=109.3 × 10−3 cm−1, αe′=6.54 × 10−4 cm−1, αe′=5.24 × 10−4 cm,−1, D′=6.5 × 10−8 cm−1, D″=6.3 × 10−8 cm−1 These results agree, within the range of experimental error, with the value γe = 2.4011 × 10−8 cm obtained from a microwave absorption experiment on InCl.
A Predicted Future for Bariatric Surgery: Using the Surgical Model

Bariatric surgery is the only currently available, effective, long-term method for controlling morbid obesity. ‘Long-term’ non-surgical, medical, voluntary weight loss data is rare; where it exists, it averages only 5-10% of patients' total body weight - of minimal long-term value for the morbidly obese - and has a consistently high failure rate, with many patients ultimately progressing to disability, End-Stage Obesity Syndrome or premature death. The author predicts that the time will come when most members of the lay and medical communities accept that bariatric surgery is the conservative approach to treatment for the morbidly obese. The mechanism will be by bariatric surgeons gathering and reporting data on their morbidly obese patients from the options presented. Data collection may take the form of controlled, randomized, descriptive, case or group studies of surgical and non-surgical therapies upon patients' psycho-socio- economic-physical-behavioral-medical co-morbidities. Stressed is the concept that all bariatric surgeons have the capability and the implied duty to analyse their patients' data and disseminate the results, in part to achieve the predicted improvement in medical and lay acceptance of bariatric surgery as a conservative concept.
Reasoning About Camera Positioning Relative To Rectangular Patterns

An algorithm to determine the three-space position and orientation of a robot camera relative to a rectangular shaped mark of known size has been developed. In contrast to similar research, this algorithm does not require that a priori constraints be placed on the original position or orientation of the camera relative to the mark. Given the image plane positions of at least three vertices of the mark, the two projected diagonals of the mark are isolated and processed in turn to find the 2d position of the camera in the plane that contains the diagonal and the line connecting the centroid of the mark and the focal point of the camera. The 2d results are then combined using heuristics to determine the unique three-space position and orientation of the camera relative to the rectangle. If fewer than three vertices are visible, camera repositioning parameters are computed such that relational determination can be achieved from a subsequent image. Results of camera position determination and an analysis of associated errors are provided.
Did the 1986 Tax Reform Act Affect Market Reactions to Stock Splits?: A Test of the Tax‐Option Hypothesis

This paper tests the prediction of the tax-option hypothesis that the market impact of stock splits would be reduced by the 1986 Tax Reform Act which eliminated the difference between long- and short-term capital gains tax rates. The results show significant excess returns on stock split announcement and ex-days even after 1986. The announcement and ex-day excess returns are similar in different periods before and after the Act. Further, there is no significant relationship between announcement excess returns and increase in returns volatility following splits. These findings are inconsistent with the tax-option hypothesis.
Personality and self-report of cognitive functioning

We examined the relationship of trait personality dimensions (negative affectivity and positive affectivity) on self-report of cognitive functioning. Ninety-six subjects who were screened to be without evidence of psychiatric or neurologic disorder, and who had previously completed the Tellegen Differential Personality Questionnaire (mean interval = 2 years) were sent a self-report questionnaire of cognitive functioning (MASQ). As predicted, negative affectivity (NA) was more strongly related to self-appraisal of cognitive functioning than was positive affectivity (PA); subjects with higher NA scores acknowledged more cognitive difficulties. Negative affectivity was also a stronger predictor of cognitive self-report than was self-report of current sad mood state. The implications of these findings for the examination of self-appraisal and accuracy of self-report are discussed.
Contributions to the history of psychology: XLVIII. Ancient Greek roots of the assumptions of modern clinical psychology.

Sumwry.-This paper is an account of studies of the linguistic transformation that took place in ancient Greece between the eighth and fourth centuries B.C., searching for factors which contribute to the shift in how humans perceived themselves. The group or force-field consciousness of the men of the Iliad and the linguistic factors which allowed "individuality" to emerge by the time of Plato is explored. The account relates the emergence of the notion of "madness" to the development of the individual and asks whether madness is an artifact of individuality and explores the relationship of these developments to our present underlying assumption of a dualicy in human nature composed of the rational and the irrational. I am not a classical scholar. I am a clinical psychologist whose training focused mostly on techniques designed to help people solve their emotional difficulties. My fascination with ancient Greek culture was first just an enlivening hobby. As I continued to explore, however, I realized that an understanding of ancient Greek culture could have considerable relevance for my work as a clinical psychologist. The purpose of the present paper is to show some of the dimensions of relevance for the interested psychologicallyoriented reader. My major thesis is that a transformation took place between the eighth and fourth centuries B.C. which constituted a radical shift in how the world was perceived. (What shifted will be called worldse~zse for the purpose of this paper to make it dear that not all human beings have a visually oriented approach to the world as suggested by the word worldview.) I believe that this transformation has important implications for what we as twentieth century A.D. psychologists believe about human beings. I will attempt to show that between the writing down of the Iliad and the philosophic explorations of Socrates and Plato, a process took place which led to a shift in how Westerners perceived themselves and their world. Further, I will argue that we still live within that radically transformed worldsense and so continue to both reap its benefits and suffer its consequences. The clinical practitioner or psychotherapist seated in his or her office in the twentieth century has a set of assumptions that are shared with professional colleagues about how to view such basic mental phenomena such as mind,
Evidence-Based Botanical Research: Applications and Challenges

Use of herbal supplements is on the rise around the world, but limited data exist on the safety and efficacy of botanical products. Efforts to subject botanicals to rigorous scientific research began recently. There are many problems associated with botanicals research, however. These include procuring the study agents, selecting appropriate study method and clinical trial design, navigating through regulatory obstacles, and obtaining funding. Evidence-based botanical research can help to validate traditional uses and to facilitate new drug development. Concerted efforts of governmental agencies and industry are essential to ensure continuance of high-quality botanicals research.
Late toxicity of total body irradiation with bone marrow transplantation in a rat model

In defined-flora, barrier-maintained rats, radiation nephritis is the principle late toxicity seen after high dose-rate total body irradiation (TBI), when hematologic toxicity is prevented by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Pneumonitis develops only if rats are placed in a conventional microbiological environment during and after BMT. Low dose-rate TBI gives qualitatively similar late toxicity, but at radiation doses twice as large. Fractionation of the TBI has little effect on the bone marrow ablation doses, but results in increased gastrointestinal and renal tolerance. The addition of immunosuppressive or cytotoxic drugs (cyclosporine-A, methotrexate, cis-platinum) after TBI and BMT greatly decreases the dose of TBI that can be tolerated. The use of a cyclophosphamide plus cytosine arabinoside conditioning regimen prior to TBI and BMT increases the bone marrow ablation dose, but has no effect on acute gastrointestinal toxicity or on renal toxicity. These results indicate that substantial late toxicity may be associated with the TBI conditioning regimens used for BMT even in the absence of cytotoxic and antibiotic drugs, immunosuppressive agents, infection and graft-versus-host disease; and that radiation may be a contributing factor in the nephritis sometimes observed after TBI and BMT.
Urachal Abnormalities: An Incidental Finding and What It Can Mean for Your Patient

Urachal abnormalities are rare, especially in adults, and are usually incidentally detected with sonography or by computed tomography. When discovered, they may help to explain patient symptoms. The author reports an incidental finding of urachal diverticula in an adult male. In addition, this report reviews different types of urachal abnormalities, etiology, associated pathology, and treatment.
Analytical Collapse Study of Lightly Confined Reinforced Concrete Frames Subjected to Northridge Earthquake Ground Motions

Review of older non seismically detailed reinforced concrete building collapses shows that most collapses are triggered by failures in columns, beam-column joints, and slab-column connections. Using data from laboratory studies, failure models have previously been developed to estimate loading conditions that correspond to failure of column components. These failure models have been incorporated in nonlinear dynamic analysis software, enabling complete dynamic simulations of building response including component failure and the progression of collapse. A reinforced concrete frame analytical model incorporating column shear and axial failure elements was subjected to a suite of near-fault ground motions recorded during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The results of this study show sensitivity of the frame response to ground motions recorded from the same earthquake, at sites of close proximity, and with similar soil conditions. This suggests that the variability of ground motion from site to site (so-calle...
Sources of real exchange rate fluctuations in China

Abstract This paper reviews the evolution of China's real effective exchange rate between 1980 and 2003 and uses a structural vector autoregression model to study the relative importance of different types of macroeconomic shocks for fluctuations in the real exchange rate between 1985 and 2003. The structural decomposition shows that relative real demand and supply shocks account for most of the variations in real exchange rate changes during the estimation period. The paper also finds that supply shocks are at least as important as nominal demand shocks in accounting for real exchange rate fluctuations. In contrast, other studies that show that nominal shocks are more important in explaining real exchange rate fluctuations in industrial countries. Journal of Comparative Economics 33 (4) (2005) 753–771.
Service as a Subversive Activity: On the centrality of service to an academic career

In the normative view of academic life, service is presented as an unfortunate inconvenience, a dull distraction from the real work of the academy, which is taken to be teaching and research. Service is also presented to the novice academic as an activity that is completely unconnected with the real work of teaching and research. Jan Monk has made service central to her academic career. A brief overview of her service activities shows how closely intertwined they have been with her scholarship and teaching. Moreover, I believe that Jan's service work demonstrates not only how service is central to a vibrant, meaningful, and rich academic life; it is also an essential vehicle for creating change within, as well as outside of, the academy.
New Prospects for the Treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon Using A Serotoninergic S2 Receptor Antagonist (Ketanserin) and Stable Derivatives of Prostacyclin:

The authors propose a promising new therapy for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon, with parenteral prostacyclin (carbaprostacyclin) and a serotonergic S2-receptor antagonist (ketanserin) given orally. They studied 31 patients, 22 treated with ketanserin and carbaprostacyclin, 9 with carbaprostacyclin alone. Both groups demonstrated successful results and a significant improvement in measurements performed by photoplethysmography and transcutaneous pulse oximetry.
A comparison of two methods of punctal occlusion.

We performed punctal occlusion by thermal cautery on 23 patients (45 sides, 90 puncta). One punctum on the right side was randomly assigned to deep cauterization of the punctum and vertical canaliculus, and the other punctum assigned to cauterization of the punctum only. The two treatments were assigned to the opposite puncta on the left side. One month after cauterization, the puncta that received deep cauterization were significantly more likely to have remained closed than those that received superficial cauterization (P
The amino acid substitution and some chemical properties of a variant human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase: carbonic anhydrase Id-Michigan.

Carbonic anhydrase IdMichigan, an electrophoretic variant of human red cell carbonic anhydrase I, was purified from erythrocytes obtained from an individual heterozygous for the trait. Primary structural analysis indicates that a lysine residue has exchanged for a threonine residue in the variant enzyme. After isolation, there was approximately 1.8 times as much normal as variant enzyme. Thermostability studies demonstrated that carbonic anhydrase Id was more thermolabile than the normal enzyme. The normal and variant enzymes showed no differences in specific carboxylesterase activity or CO2 hydratase activity. Utilizing the carboxylesterase activity toward β-naphthyl acetate, the normal and variant enzymes had similar Michaelis constants, pH profiles, and rates of inhibition by acetazolamide. Immunochemical studies did not demonstrate an antigenic difference for the variant enzyme.
Adolescents’ Emotions Prior to Sexual Activity and Associations with Sexual Risk Factors

The present study examined the link between the emotional context of sexual situations and sexual risk, specifically by examining the relationship of teens' recall of their affective states prior to sex with their sexual risk behaviors and attitudes. Adolescents (ages 13-19) attending therapeutic schools due to emotional and behavioral difficulties (n = 247) completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews regarding sexual behavior, including ratings of their emotions prior to last sexual activity. Positive emotions were most commonly endorsed (43-57 % of participants), however, significant proportions (8-23 %) also endorsed negative emotions prior to last sex. Both positive and negative emotions were significantly related to risk attitudes and behavior in regression analyses. The affective contexts of sexual experiences may be important predictors of risk in adolescence.
Results from CrIS/ATMS obtained using the AIRS Science Team retrieval methodology

AIRS was launched on EOS Aqua in May 2002, together with AMSU-A and HSB (which subsequently failed early in the mission), to form a next generation polar orbiting infrared and microwave atmospheric sounding system. AIRS/AMSU had two primary objectives. The first objective was to provide real-time data products available for use by the operational Numerical Weather Prediction Centers in a data assimilation mode to improve the skill of their subsequent forecasts. The second objective was to provide accurate unbiased sounding products with good spatial coverage that are used to generate stable multi-year climate data sets to study the earth's interannual variability, climate processes, and possibly long-term trends. AIRS/AMSU data for all time periods are now being processed using the state of the art AIRS Science Team Version-6 retrieval methodology. The Suomi-NPP mission was launched in October 2011 as part of a sequence of Low Earth Orbiting satellite missions under the "Joint Polar Satellite System" (JPSS). NPP carries CrIS and ATMS, which are advanced infra-red and microwave atmospheric sounders that were designed as follow-ons to the AIRS and AMSU instruments. The main objective of this work is to assess whether CrIS/ATMS will be an adequate replacement for AIRS/AMSU from the perspective of the generation of accurate and consistent long term climate data records, or if improved instruments should be developed for future flight. It is critical for CrIS/ATMS to be processed using an algorithm similar to, or at least comparable to, AIRS Version-6 before such an assessment can be made. We have been conducting research to optimize products derived from CrIS/ATMS observations using a scientific approach analogous to the AIRS Version-6 retrieval algorithm. Our latest research uses Version-5.70 of the CrIS/ATMS retrieval algorithm, which is otherwise analogous to AIRS Version-6, but does not yet contain the benefit of use of a Neural-Net first guess start-up system which significantly improved results of AIRS Version-6. Version-5.70 CrIS/ATMS temperature profile and surface skin temperature retrievals are of very good quality, and are better than AIRS Version-5 retrievals, but are still significantly poorer than those of AIRS Version-6. CrIS/ATMS retrievals should improve when a Neural-Net start-up system is ready for use. We also examined CrIS/ATMS retrievals generated by NOAA using their NUCAPS retrieval algorithm, which is based on earlier versions of the AIRS Science Team retrieval algorithms. We show that the NUCAPS algorithm as currently configured is not well suited for climate monitoring purposes.
Algebraic Traceback Meets Network Coding

Traceback schemes aim at identifying the source(s) of a sequence of packets and the nodes these packets have traversed. We are particularly interested in algebraic traceback, which encodes the IDs of nodes on a single path as coefficients of a polynomial in a finite field, and determines the polynomial by evaluating it at different points. So far, algebraic traceback schemes have only been developed to infer single paths, and multi-path graphs have been considered as a collection of multiple individual paths. In this paper, we consider multi-path graphs that use network coding for marking, and we propose an algebraic traceback scheme that combines marks on packets from different paths for better inference. Our approach first identifies the topology by mapping the graph to a multivariate polynomial, marked on packets by intermediate nodes, and then reconstructs the node IDs within the topology by solving a system of linear equations. In addition to solving the multi-path algebraic traceback problem, for the first time efficiently, we also make the connections to two network coding problems: (i) we show that the dual of the traceback problem is a linear network coding problem; and (ii) we formulate our approach as passive topology inference with non-linear network coding.
Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Mexican/Chicano/Hispano Workers and the North American Labor Market: Part 1 ‐ History, Sociology, Geography

Mexicans in the Midwest, 1900-1932 Juan R. Garcia. Tucson: University of Arizona Press,1996 Desert Capitalism: Maquiladoras in North America's Western Industrial Corridor Kathryn Kopinak. Tucson: University of Arizona Press,1996 Environmentalism and Economic Justice: Two Chicano Struggles in the Southwest Laura Pulido Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1996
Reason, Reasons and Reasoning A Constructivist Account of Human Rationality

The concept of rationality has its roots in a historic philosophical conception of human beings as creatures of reason. To act on the basis of reason is to act on the basis of reasons, which in turn implies a process of reasoning. An objectivist conception of rationality sees its essence as lying in the use of reasoning processes that conform to appropriate logical norms. A subjectivist conception of rationality sees its essence in the subjective appeal to reasons. It is argued that neither approach alone is adequate. Rationality is best viewed as metasubjective objectivity. That is, the standards that embody rationality's objective component are not externally imposed rules that circumvent subjectivity. Rather, they are internally constructed via active reflection on one's subjectivity. Psychological evidence on the development of metasubjectivity is interpreted as consistent with the present approach. Implications for theory and research, and for educational and psychotherapeutic practice, are discussed.
Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac function and remodeling in mice with heart failure due to myocardial infarction

Using inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) knockout mice (iNOS−/−), we tested the hypotheses that 1) lack of iNOS attenuates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction and improves cardiac reserve p...
Bisphosphonates inhibit phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3: implications for their effects on innate immune function and osteoclastogenesis.

Objective This study tested the effects of bisphosphonates (BPs) on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) protein in macrophages. SOCS3 has been shown to regulate cell differentiation and survival; however, its potential role in mediating the effects of BPs has not been explored. Study design The cell viability of murine RAW 267.4 macrophages was assessed after culturing with control medium or media containing increasing concentrations of 2 BPs (ibandronate or clodronate) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The phosphorylation status of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the expression of SOCS3 protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Results In control cultures, STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 and SOCS3 protein levels increased within 5 minutes after the addition of fresh medium. This increase was inhibited in cultures treated with both BPs. Macrophage cell viability also decreased after BP treatment. Conclusions These data demonstrate that, in addition to their effects on macrophage viability, BPs can decrease STAT3 and SOCS3 expression, which are important modulators of immune responses and bone homeostasis.
The Digital Self: Through the Looking Glass of Telecopresent Others

The impact of others in telecopresence on the formation of self has not been well studied, and existing research on the self in cyberspace has focused mostly on issues related to the presentation of self. A major question researchers have been trying to answer is how people present their self to others when they become disembodied and anonymous in the online world. The question the present study attempts to answer, however, is almost the opposite: how do people come to conceive their self when others become disembodied and anonymous? This question is particularly important for understanding the effect of the Internet on self-formation, especially in teenagers who are yet to form a stable view of themselves. Based on the analysis of teenagers' online experience, the present study shows that others on the Internet constitute a distinctive “looking glass” that produces a “digital self” that differs from the self formed offline. Teenagers' playful online self-presentation is thus an integral part of the process of self-formation. As such, “intimate strangers” or “anonymous friends” on the Internet play an important role in affecting the self-development of online teenagers.
Maternal neutrophil toll-like receptor mRNA expression is down-regulated in preeclampsia.

Citation Nitsche JF, Jiang S-W, Brost BC. Maternal neutrophil Toll-like receptor mRNA expression is down-regulated in preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 242–248 Problem There are many immunological changes in preeclampsia. For example, TLR-4 expression is increased in the placenta during preeclampsia. However, data on TLR expression in other tissues during preeclampsia are lacking. This study aimed to determine whether TLR mRNA expression in maternal neutrophils is altered in preeclampsia. Method of Study A case–control study using standard quantitative real-time PCR techniques was performed to assess TLR-2 and TLR-4 mRNA expression in 12 patients with mild preeclampsia and 18 normal pregnant controls at similar gestational ages. Results Compared to normal pregnant controls, there was a significant decrease in TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression in women with mild preeclampsia. Conclusion TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression in maternal neutrophils is decreased in preeclampsia. Given the many immunological changes in preeclampsia, this may represent an adaptation to the increased inflammatory signals present in preeclampsia. Further study is needed to clarify the role of the TLR in preeclampsia.
An equilibrium partitioning model connecting gene expression and cis-motif content

Thermodynamic favorability of transcription factor (TF) binding to DNA is a significant factor in the control of gene expression. Theoretical and in vitro measures link the relative equilibrium energy of a particular DNA binding protein to the sequence variation among binding sites in a genome. Extending this principle, we investigate whether biological variation in expression levels of active proteins leads to regulation of different sets of genes, based on inferred affinities of sites upstream of those genes. The TF-concentration-dependent variation in the repertoire of genes regulated by a particular TF is expected to follow patterns of chemical partitioning over DNA sites having differing affinity, and we develop a new modeling approach to test this hypothesis. Based on computational TF binding site discovery and genome-wide expression data available in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we explore motif content for sets of genes and conditions having varying concentrations of different transcription factors which turn those genes on or off. We find cases of significant correlation between the level of intragenomic motif sequence variation and modeled TF protein levels that actuates regulation of corresponding sets of genes, and discuss the observed TF motif variants for several yeast transcription factors, as well as the potential biological functions of genes that are regulated by differential response to these high and low concentrations of particular TFs. These findings suggest that motif sequences of transcription factor binding sites may often be linked with the expression state of corresponding DNA-binding proteins. Contact: [email protected]
Expression of Components of the Renin-angiotensin System in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

Hypertension is a common complication in children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) who have survived the neonatal period. No information is available regarding the mechanism of hypertension in this condition. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is thought to play a role in hypertension associated with the more common autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Occasional reports have documented increased activity of the intrarenal RAS in ADPKD, with ectopic renin expression within cysts and dilated tubules. Because of similarities between ARPKD and ADPKD, we hypothesized that increased intrarenal RAS activity might also be found in ARPKD. We performed immunohistochemical studies on kidney tissues from two infants with ARPKD and two control kidneys. The cystic dilated tubules showed staining with the peanut lectin arachis hypogaea, a marker of distal tubules and collecting ducts, but not with lotus tetragonolobus, a marker of proximal tubules. Strong renin staining was seen in many cysts and tubules of ARPKD kidneys, but only in the afferent arterioles of the normal control kidneys. Angiotensinogen staining was also observed in some cysts and in proximal tubules. Staining for angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and angiotensin II peptide was present in many cystic dilated tubules. These immunohistochemical studies document for the first time ectopic expression of components of the RAS in cystic-dilated tubules of ARPKD and suggest that overactivity of RAS could result in increased intrarenal angiotensin II production, which may contribute to the development of hypertension in ARPKD.
Enchantment, Weak Ontologies, and Administrative Ethics

The article contributes to an enlivening of ethical discourse by employing the notion of weak ontology. Weak ontologies insist that fundamental sources of inspiration, or “ontostories, ” are indispensable to a vital ethics, even as it admits that every onto-story is contestable. The article considers powerful perspectives that militate against implementing weak ontology: liberalism's conception of the neutral framework and Max Weber's characterization of the modern world as disenchanted. The article argues that these two perspectives contribute to a nay-saying ethic and a negative form of governance because the disenchanted world they describe is too hard to love. The article ends with an examination of an ethical perspective that seeks to overturn the disenchantment story by cultivating a nontheistic experience of enchantment.