cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Study: Soft Error Rate Analysis in Storage Systems

Soft errors due to cosmic particles are a growing reliability threat for VLSI systems. In this paper we analyze the soft error vulnerability of FPGAs used in storage systems. Since the reliability requirements of these high performance storage subsystems are very stringent, the reliability of the FPGA chips used in the design of such systems plays a critical role in the overall system reliability. We validate the projections produced by our analytical model by using field error rates obtained from actual field failure data of a large FPGA-based design used in the logical unit module board of a commercial storage system. This comparison confirms that the projections obtained from our analytical tool are accurate (there is an 81% overlap in FIT rate range obtained with our analytical modeling framework and the field failure data studied)
An adaptive generalized sidelobe canceller with derivative constraints

An adaptive broad-band beamforming structure is presented which employs a gradient-based weight adjustment algorithm to minimize output variance subject to a set of J linear constraints on broadband directional derivatives in the desired look direction. A generalized sidelobe-cancelling structure is employed in which a nonadaptive (conventional) beamformer operates in parallel with an adaptive beamformer. The conventional portion has a broad-band beampattern which adheres to the specified constraints while the adaptive path is a cascade of a fixed signal blocking matrix and a set of tapped-delay line filters. Blocking is employed to ensure that all incident waveforms which meet the specified constraints do not reach the tapped-delay lines. As a result, an unconstrained least mean square (LMS) power minimization algorithm is employed to adapt the delay line weights. It is shown that with the addition of the directional derivative constraints, the beamformer quiescent bcampattern becomes a function of the location of the phase center used to specify the constraints. A design criterion for choosing this location is suggested and simulation experiments which illustrate the performance of this new adaptive beamformer are presented.
ACTIVE SUPPRESSION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPE SYNTHESIS I. CHRONIC SUPPRESSION AFTER PERINATAL EXPOSURE TO MATERNAL ANTIBODY TO PATERNAL ALLOTYPE IN (SJL x BALB/c)F1 MICE

Long-term (chronic) allotype suppression, previously reported only in rabbits, is shown here to occur in at least one strain combination of mice as well. Close to 50% of the offspring of SJL (Ig(b)) males mated to BALB/c (Ig(a)) females immunized against the paternal allotype were found to be suppressed for Ig-1b (gammaG(2a)) at 6 months of age. These mice are called "chronically" suppressed. The percentage of offspring in this strain combination suppressed for the paternal allotype at 8 wk of age is the same as that seen in an earlier strain combination tested, [(C57 x BALB/c)F(1)], in which all mice recover from suppression by 10-12 wk. After 8 wk, two distinct patterns of long-term (chronic) suppression emerge in (SJL x BALB/c)F(1) mice: a small number of these mice never produce detectable amounts of Ig-1b throughout their lives, while the majority produce detectable Ig-1b sporadically, sometimes over a period of several weeks, the level of which eventually falls below detectability. Attempts to "cure" suppression by destroying the existent lymphoid population and forcing endogenous repopulation in chronically suppressed animals were unsuccessful. Furthermore, attempts to restore Ig-1b production by injection of cells from syngeneic Ig(a)/Ig(b) donors into irradiated, chronically suppressed recipients were also unsuccessful, although the same cell inocula, when injected into irradiated BALB/c (Ig(a)/Ig(a)) mice produced high levels of gamma globulin carrying the allotype. These results suggest that long-term allotype suppression resulting from perinatal exposure of offspring to specific anti-allotype antibody (anti-Ig-1b), is not due merely to an absence of Ig-1b-producing cells or their progenitors, but appears to be an active process, which dominates physiologically over normal production.
Sex Differences Among Career Development Awardees in the Attainment of Independent Research Funding in a Department of Medicine

Abstract Background: National data suggest that women are overall less likely than men to attain independent research funding. However, it remains unclear whether such sex differences are also observed in academic institutions that have integrated diversity in the workplace as a priority. Methods: During 1999–2008, all National Institutes of Health (NIH) Career Development (K01, K08, or K23) awardees in the Department of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine were identified to investigate differences in the attainment of independent funding by sex, including NIH Research Project Grant (R01) or equivalent awards, (U01, P01, P50), and any R award (also R03, R21, R34) through 2012. Results: A similar number of men (n = 49) and women (n = 43) received a K award. There were no significant sex differences in attaining an R01/equivalent award or any R award. The median time to attaining the first R01/equivalent award was similar for men and women (5.6 vs. 5.3 years, p = 0.93). The actuarial rat...
Crisis Planning: Increasing Effectiveness, Decreasing Discomfort

Although the percentage of businesses involved in crisis planning increased after September 11, 2001, it is still alarmingly low. Some managers believe crisis planning unnecessary, while others become overwhelmed when attempting to plan for all potential crises. Even those managers who develop plans may find them overly-simplistic or ineffective when crises occur. This work discusses the importance of crisis planning and presents a five-step process to simplify planning efforts while increasing their effectiveness. Effective crisis preparedness can be achieved by forming a crisis team, analyzing vulnerabilities, creating strategies, working the plans, and assessing plan performance.
Observation and analysis of time-dependent closed orbit motion in the LAMPF proton storage ring

When the stored beam is artificially offset in a section of the LAMPF (Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility) proton storage ring by changing selected ring dipole strengths, there is evidence for a small time dependence of the offset during the course of beam injection. A complete discussion of the time dependence of orbit offsets should take into account at least the following possibilities: (1) correlations between the injection timing pattern and ring dipole field ripple, (2) correlations between the injection timing pattern and changes of beam position monitor characteristics, and (3) growth of space-charge effects as the number of stored protons increases. Since there are no a priori reason to expect the correlations mentioned, the authors have analyzed the observed time dependence of the beam offset in terms of space-charge effects only, although the other possible causes cannot be ruled out. >
Effects of imperfections on the performance of OFDM systems

Most OFDM analyses assume idealized conditions when it comes to the waveform at the receiver in terms of time and frequency synchronization. In addition, often a cyclic prefix (CP) longer than the channel delay spread is assumed, and thus the impact of the possible inter-symbol interference (ISI) from adjacent OFDM symbols is not a consideration. This work provides a consolidated framework for study and analysis of OFDM systems with imperfections. The imperfections include time and frequency synchronization errors, and channel delay spread beyond the CP duration. Transmit as well as receive filtering operations are explicitly modeled, and different receiver detection criteria are considered. The use of an OFDM waveform for UWB applications is known to be a promising choice to simplify the receiver design and to maximize the bandwidth scalability, as well as the adaptation to various spectrum allocations. We present bit error rate (BER) sensitivity analysis to key system parameters for OFDM-based UWB applications. From these sensitivity analyses, we see graceful performance degradation with decreasing CP length and increasing residual frequency error. The performance degradation can be much more critical for timing synchronization errors.
Threatened Mammals Affected by Human Exploitation of the Female-Offspring Bond

Abstract: Biologists have implicated human exploitation of the mammalian female-offspring bond as a causal factor in extinction or depletion. This paper discusses pronounced maternal defense and attachment behavior as a biological attribute of extinction-prone mammals, and presents scientific and historical evidence of human exploitation or disturbance of the female-offspring bond of more than 30 threatened species and subspecies Since premodern and traditional whaling practices commonly involved exploitation of the female-offspring bond a detailed case study is provided for the great baleen whales. Finally, preferential predation of reproductive females with young is addressed in terms of its ecological and evolutionary implications for the long-tem survival of wild mammal populations.
A Methodological Framework for Improving Knowledge Creation Teams

Abstract:This article focuses on the applied research methodology developed in support of a research effort to assess the value of a systemically constructed framework whose intended purpose was to capture the impact of crisis environments on distributed cognition phenomena in Air Force base control centers. The general methodological approach is presented in this journal issue because it may inform other organizational change or learning initiatives or other applied research endeavors. Specifically, the methodology stresses using systemic conceptual frameworks of environment profiles coupled with organizational fitness profiles to iteratively assess fitness, intervene by environment selection and design, and reassess fitness in hopes of improving performance. In addition to focusing on how knowledge is created and managed within the control center, the methodological approach used to develop and refine the framework may also serve to inform the process other researchers may develop to generate knowledge ...
MYC, Metabolism, and Cancer

The MYC oncogene encodes a transcription factor, MYC, whose broad effects make its precise oncogenic role enigmatically elusive. The evidence to date suggests that MYC triggers selective gene expression amplification to promote cell growth and proliferation. Through its targets, MYC coordinates nutrient acquisition to produce ATP and key cellular building blocks that increase cell mass and trigger DNA replication and cell division. In cancer, genetic and epigenetic derangements silence checkpoints and unleash MYC9s cell growth– and proliferation-promoting metabolic activities. Unbridled growth in response to deregulated MYC expression creates dependence on MYC-driven metabolic pathways, such that reliance on specific metabolic enzymes provides novel targets for cancer therapy. Significance: MYC9s expression and activity are tightly regulated in normal cells by multiple mechanisms, including a dependence upon growth factor stimulation and replete nutrient status. In cancer, genetic deregulation of MYC expression and loss of checkpoint components, such as TP53, permit MYC to drive malignant transformation. However, because of the reliance of MYC-driven cancers on specific metabolic pathways, synthetic lethal interactions between MYC overexpression and specific enzyme inhibitors provide novel cancer therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Discov; 5(10); 1024–39. ©2015 AACR.
Teaching Note-Analytic Visualization of Solver Output

Data visualization is an essential component of modern analytics, supporting communication and understanding. While data visualization has been explored extensively in the context of descriptive analytics and big data, its use in prescriptive analytics, specifically for explaining and interpreting optimization results, has largely been ignored. In this teaching note we describe how data visualization can be applied effectively to facilitate the communication and understanding of standard Excel Solver output reports in a simple, nontechnical fashion.
A Study on Human Control in Stock-Adjustment Tasks

Results of an ongoing study investigating the effect of different task feedback characteristics on human performance are reported. In a computer-assisted experiment, subjects were asked to perform a dynamic stock-adjustment control. A subject’s control action enters the system in two ways: it effects the stock to be adjusted and it feeds back on the disturbance that impinges on the system. The latter effect is varied with respect to its strength and its delay. The major finding that emerges from the experiment is that increasing strength in the feedback link (in either a positive or negative direction) worsens performance. An effect of delay length on performance could not be shown.
The Lessons of Angola: An Eyewitness Report

(1976). The Lessons of Angola: An Eyewitness Report. The Black Scholar: Vol. 7, The Third World, pp. 2-15.
For a light stop, less is more when gluinos mediate

Compressed mass spectra are generally more difficult to identify than spectra with large splittings. In particular, gluino pair production with four high energy top or bottom quarks leaves a striking signature in a detector. However, if any of the mass splittings are compressed, the power of traditional techniques may deteriorate. Searches for direct stop/sbottom pair production can be recast as searches for gluinos in order to extend the sensitivitity. As a demonstration, we show that for g → tt1 and mt1 ~ mχ10, limits on the stop mass at 8 TeV can be extended by least 300 GeV for a 1.1 TeV gluino using a pp →t1t1 search. At 13 TeV, the effective cross-section for the gluino mediated process is twice the direct stop pair production cross-section, suggesting that direct stop searches could be sensitive to discover new physics earlier than expected.
Effect of Continuous Direct Current on the Yield Stress of Stainless Steel 304 Micro Tubes During Hydroforming Operations

Hydroforming at the macro scale offers the opportunity to create products that have superior mechanical properties and intricate complex geometries. Micro tube hydroforming is a process that is gaining popularity for similar reasons. At the same time, due to the physical size of the operations, there are many challenges including working with extremely high pressures and available materials that are typically difficult to form.Increasing the formability of micro tubes during the hydroforming process is desired. Being able to increase the formability is essential because as the tube diameters decrease in size, the required forming pressure increases. As a result, it is important to explore methods to decrease the yield stress during forming operations. Traditional methods for decreasing the materials yield stress typically involve heating either the sample or the process equipment. Using traditional methods typically sacrifice dimensional quality of the part, alter the mechanical properties and also raise the costs of the operations.Electrically Assisted Manufacturing (EAM) is a non-traditional method that is gaining popularity by reducing the necessary forces and pressures required in metal forming operations.© 2012 ASME
Seasonal Variation in Cuticular Waxes on Hosta Genotypes Differing in Leaf Surface Glaucousness

Cuticular waxes were analyzed on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces of three Hosta genotypes differing in leaf surface glaucousness; the glossy-leaved Hosta plantaginea, the glossy-leaved Hosta lancifolia, and the glaucous-leaved Hosta 'Krossa Regal'. All three hosta had their highest total leaf wax quantity in the spring soon after full leaf expansion. The major wax constituent class on these hosta was primary alcohols, comprising up to 84.6% of the total wax. Many hosta leaves had unusually high C 24 length primary alcohols, especially in the spring. However, the dominant chain length in this alcohol class varied with development and genotype. A unique class of β-diketones were present on the glaucous 'Krossa Regal', comprising as much as 28.7% of the total waxes on abaxial leaf surfaces in the summer. Interestingly, these β-diketones were only 0.9% of total waxes on adaxial leaf surfaces of 'Krossa Regal' in the summer. Studies are under way to determine whether the dramatic seasonal changes in the waxy leaf coatings described in this report are associated with biotic and abiotic stress resistance in hosta.
Genetic effects on beef tenderness in Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle

Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle, originating from diverse production environments, were used to quantify genetic variation in marbling, 24-h calpastatin activity, and beef tenderness and to identify strategies for prevention of beef tenderness problems in Bos indicus composite cattle. Comparisons among 3/8 Bos indicus breeds (Braford, Red Brangus, Simbrah) revealed significant differences in marbling and 24-h calpastatin activity, but not in tenderness. Compared with Bos taurus cattle, 3/ 8 Bos indicus cattle had similar marbling scores but higher 24-h calpastatin activities. Also, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus composites aged more slowly from 1 to 7 d and was less tender at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 35 d postmortem than beef from Bos taurus cattle. However, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was relatively tender if it was aged for a sufficient period of time (21 d). The delayed response to aging and greater toughness of beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was associated with Brahman breed effects and was not related to the Bos taurus germplasm source. Marbling was moderately heritable (.52 +/- .21) but exhibited positive genetic correlations with shear force at d 1 through 14 of aging, suggesting that, in these cattle, selection for increased marbling would have an unfavorable effect on beef tenderness. A low heritability estimate for 24-h calpastatin activity (.15 +/- .15), coupled with low genetic correlations between calpastatin activity and shear force at 7, 14, and 35 d, suggested that selection for low calpastatin activity would have little effect on aged beef tenderness. Panel tenderness and shear force at 7, 14, and 21 d were moderately heritable (.27 to .47), indicating that aged beef tenderness could be improved by direct selection (via progeny testing). Comparisons among Simbrah, Senegus x Simbrah, and Red Angus x Simmental steers showed that inclusion of a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed (Senepol) could be an effective strategy for preventing beef tenderness problems in heat-tolerant cattle.
Decreased ileal muscle contractility and increased NOS II expression induced by lipopolysaccharide

This study was designed to determine if an increase in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with increases in NOS II protein and mRNA abundance and with altered ileal longitudinal muscle contractility. Strips of muscle taken from LPS-treated, but not control, animals exhibited reduced in vitro contractility when L-arginine was a component of the physiological salt solution. This reduction was reversed by N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a competitive inhibitor of NOS. Full-thickness segments of jejunum, ileum, and colon taken 5 h after LPS injection exhibited increased NOS activity, NOS II immunoreactivity, and NOS II mRNA abundance. Increased NOS II immunoreactivity and mRNA abundance also were detected in ileal muscle strips taken from LPS-treated animals. These data confirm the reported effects of LPS on intestinal NOS activity and indicate that it can be attributed, at least in part, to an increase in NOS II mRNA and protein abundance. Furthermore, the data suggest that an LPS-induced increase in NOS II may lead to a decrease in ileal muscle contractility.
****DRAFT – DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION OF AUTHORS**** The Intersection of Gender, Race and Ethnicity with Voter Turnout: Explaining Differences Across the States

We assess the interaction between race/ethnicity and gender by examining state differences in voter turnout. We also examine the impact of descriptive representation on turnout for the intersections of race/ethnicity and gender. We combine November Current Population Survey data with state data on office-holding by gender and race/ethnicity in the states and examine turnout in the 2000 and 2004 elections. We find differences across states in turnout rates by race/ethnicity and gender and that the degree of descriptive representation partially accounts for differences in turnout across the states, but not for all groups examined. Generally, white female representatives increase white turnout for white women and men, while black representation of either gender seems to increase turnout among black men and women. On the other hand, Latino/a representation does not increase Latino/a turnout.
Quantifying in vivo murine antigen-specific T cell responses without requirement for prior knowledge of antigen identity

Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy (ECP) is a widely applied anti-cancer immunotherapy for patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). By using apoptotic malignant cells as a source of patient-specific tumor antigen, it enables clinically relevant and curative anti-CTCL immunity, with potential efficacy in other tumors. Currentmethods to track patient-specific responses are tedious, and new methods are needed to assess putative global immunity. We developed a clinically practical method to assess antigen-specific T cell activation that does not rely on knowledge of the particular antigen, thereby eliminating the requirement for patient-specific reagents. In the OT-I transgenic murine system, we quantified calcium flux to reveal early T cell engagement by antigen presenting cells constitutively displaying a model antigenic peptide, ovalbumin (OVA)-derived SIINFEKL. We detected calcium flux in OVA-specific T cells, triggered by specific T cell receptor engagement by SIINFEKL peptide-loaded DC. This approach led to sensitive detection of antigen-specific calcium flux (ACF) down to a peptide-loading concentration of ∼10-3uM and at a frequency of ∼0.1% OT-I cells among wild-type (WT), non-responding cells. Antigen-specific T cells were detected in spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood after adoptive transfer into control recipient mice. Methods like this for assessing therapeutic response are lacking in patients currently on immune-based therapies, such as ECP, where assessment of clinical response is made by delayed measurement of the size of the malignant clone. These findings suggest an early, practical way to measure therapeutically-induced anti-tumor responses in ECP-treated patients that have been immunized against their malignant cells.
What is the Relationship Between “Personality” and “Social” Psychologies? Network, Community, and Whole Text Analyses of The Structure of Contemporary Scholarship

The structure of social/personality psychology, including the relationship between the areas of “social” and “personality,” is empirically examined in a series of network, community, and text analyses. In a study of keywords, both attitudes and social cognition and group processes appear as communities; the role of personality is more diffuse. In a larger analysis of citations in the four primary journals in the combined social/personality area, personality appears as a large community which surrounds a well-defined core (the Five-Factor Model) but which lies on the periphery of social/personality psychology. Interpersonal relations and attachment are central in social/personality, and appear largely distinct from the study of groups. Attitudes and social cognition are broadly studied, but, in contrast with personality and interpersonal relations, are not structured around a simple core. These methods and results collectively inform the relationship between personality and social psychologies and provide an early step towards an empirical understanding of the structure of the discipline.
Environmental Education in The United States

Environmental education is an established but not pervasive presence in the public schools of the United States. Teachers' lack of the content and action skills necessary for effective environmental education is an impediment to widespread infusion across the curriculum. Environmental education most often takes the form of nature study; energy, outdoor, or conservation education. At its best, it emphasizes the student's appreciation for and interaction with the natural and social environment and teaches the skills needed for informed decisions, responsible behavior and constructive actions concerning the environment. This article presents examples of innovative, interdisciplinary environmental education programs which promote active student involvement in solving environmental problems. ABSTRAK Pendidikan alam sekitar merupakan kelahiran yang telah kekal di sekolah-sekolah awam di Amerika Syarikat tetapi tidak menyeluruh. Kekurangan isi dan kemahiran tindakan yang diperlukan bagi pendidikan alam sekitar yang bukan merupakan penghalang terhadap penyebaran secara meluas ke dalam kurikulum. Pendidikan alam sekitar selalunya disajikan dalam bentuk kajian semula jadi; tenaga, lapangan atau pendidikan pemuliharaan. Pada tahap paling baik, ia menekankan penghayatan pelajar terhadap dan interaksinya dengan alam sekitar semula jadi dan sosial dan mengajar kemahiran yang diperlukan dalam pembuatan keputusan berpengetahuan, kelakuan yang bertanggungjawab dan tindakan yang konstruktif mengenai alam sekitar. Makalah ini mengemukakan contoh-contoh program pendidikan alam sekitar yang bersifat inovatif dan antara disiplin yang menggalakkan penglibatan pelajar yang aktif dalam menyelesai masalah-masalah alam sekitar.
The acoustic guitar as an experimental platform to teach vibration measurements, modal parameter estimation, and data management

The laboratory class required by Penn State’s Graduate Program in Acoustics teaches general experimental methods for acoustics. Students learn the basics of data acquisition, sensor calibration and excitation methods through lectures and performing experiments. This talk will discuss the lab experiment used to teach vibration measurements, basic modal parameter estimation and data management using an acoustic guitar as the experimental testbed. Students are required to develop their own test plan for accelerometer and impact hammer locations and then collect the data using a custom-written LabVIEW data acquisition program. Since the data acquisition involves multiple impact and response locations, the students are required to manage their data in a way that allows for easy mapping of data files to spatial locations. They then estimate the guitar body mode shapes by decomposing the measured mobility matrix into its singular values and right- and left-singular matrices. Finally, the students visualize their...
Utilization of Copper Mine Tailings as Road Base Construction Material through Geopolymerization

AbstractThis paper investigates the utilization of copper mine tailings (MT) as an alternative road base construction material through geopolymerization. Specifically, MT was mixed with different a...
Classification of Human Walking Patterns through Singular Value Decomposition Projection

Sensing of structural vibration provides a rich source of information that can be used in structural health monitoring and impact/fault localization among other applications. In this paper, acceleration measurements from vibration sensors (accelerometers), installed in an operational smart building (Virginia Tech’s Goodwin Hall), are used to classify footsteps of different kinds from building occupants. Goodwin Hall is a 160,000 square foot five story building instrumented with over 200 accelerometers mounted to the building’s structure. Singular value decomposition (SVD) projection is used to classify measured data into categories seeded with training data. Contrary to the black box machine learning approach, the SVD framework allows classification parameters to be easily modified and their effects visualized to be understood. Better understanding of the classification problem and its dominant parameters will allow the development of more accurate and robust algorithms for classification of a wide variety of signals.
Florence Kelley and the Battle Against Laissez-Faire Constitutionalism

The usual story of the demise of laissez-faire constitutionalism in the 1930’s features heroes such as Louis Brandeis, Felix Frankfurter and the great male legal progressives of the day who rose up from academia, the bench, and the bar, to put an end to what historians label "legal orthodoxy." In this essay, I seek to demonstrate that Florence Kelley was a crucially important legal progressive who was at the front lines of drafting and defending new legislation that courts were striking down as violating the Fourteenth Amendment and State constitutions. Looking at who was drafting and lobbying for path breaking progressive legislation and how such legislation was being defended accomplishes a number of things. It uncovers how male legal actors at times worked closely and collaborated with women reformers. Furthermore, thinking about women reformers as central legal actors demands that we examine our own categorical thinking. Placing progressive era women reformers in a non-porous women’s sphere, while imagining that elite male legal thinkers were sealed within an all-male world of academics, lawyers and jurists, distorts late nineteenth and early twentieth century legal culture and leads to what we might call "intellectual segregation." This essay is thus a work of bricolage that brings together the scholarship on women’s leading roles in progressive era reform with mainstream narratives of legal history.
Thiazide-sensitive NaCl absorption in rat cortical collecting duct.

The mechanism of transepithelial NaCl transport was investigated in isolated perfused cortical collecting ducts from the kidneys of deoxycorticosterone-treated rats. In the presence of vasopressin,...
Reduced Association Between the li Blood Group and Congenital Cataracts in White Patients

The authors have identified a white patient with the red blood cell phenotype i, who also has congenital cataracts. However, in comparison with the strong association in Japanese patients between congenital cataracts and the i phenotype, the overall incidence of cataracts in white people with the i phenotype (three of ten people have congenital cataracts) is much lower. In addition, the authors studied the blood of 31 white patients with congenital cataracts and found no patients with the i phenotype. Thus, a close link between genes for these traits does not appear in most white patients with i red blood cell phenotypes.
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Skin cancers are broadly divided into melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Due to the relatively low risk of metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the extremely low risk of metastasis from basal cell carcinoma (BCC), these, the two most common cutaneous malignancies, are, for the most part, considered jointly as NMSC. This term is a bit of a misnomer; there are many other cutaneous malignancies that are not melanoma, but because of their more aggressive clinical behavior, they tend not to be grouped under this moniker.
Evaluation of the efficiency of coagulation/flocculation and Fenton process in reduction of colour, turbidity and COD of a textile effluent.

The present study investigated the efficiency of physicochemical processes of coagulation and flocculation and Fenton advanced oxidative process in reducing the parameters of colour, turbidity and ...
Optimizing beam transport in rapidly compressing beams on the neutralized drift compression experiment – II

The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) is an induction linac that generates intense pulses of 1.2 MeV helium ions for heating matter to extreme conditions. Here, we present recent results on optimizing beam transport. The NDCX-II beamline includes a 1-m-long drift section downstream of the last transport solenoid, which is filled with charge-neutralizing plasma that enables rapid longitudinal compression of an intense ion beam against space-charge forces. The transport section on NDCX-II consists of 28 solenoids. Finding optimal field settings for a group of solenoids requires knowledge of the envelope parameters of the beam. Imaging the beam on the scintillator gives the radius of the beam, but the envelope angle is not measured directly. We demonstrate how the parameters of the beam envelope (radius, envelop angle, and emittance) can be reconstructed from a series of images taken by varying the B-field strengths of a solenoid upstream of the scintillator. We use this technique to evaluate emittance at several points in the NDCX-II beamline and for optimizing the trajectory of the beam at the entry of the plasma-filled drift section.
101. RESIDENT-LED QI INITIATIVE TO IMPROVE ASSESSMENT AND CARE OF PATIENTS WITH EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES

Background Early childhood caries (ECC), defined as one or more decayed, missing, or filled teeth in children under 6 years, is the most common, chronic, preventable condition in childhood. ECC affects 28% of US children 2-5 years of age, particularly children of lower socioeconomic status. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the AAP recommend that children establish a dental home by 12 months, but lack of standardized ECC assessments and dental referral processes are often barriers to optimal care. Aim Statement In this 12- month long resident-led QI project we aimed to improve the ECC risk assessment rate for children 6 months to 6 years to 70%, and to improve the dental referral rate to 90%. Interventions The Model of Improvement was used for this QI project from December 2017 to December 2018 at a community clinic affiliated with an academic center. An electronic Oral Risk Assessment Tool was created based on AAP guidelines. Residents performed 6 plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles utilizing 7 interventions derived from tertiary key drivers. Measures Process, outcome and balancing measures were collected via electronic medical record review (resident documentation of EEC screening, dental referrals and developmental screening respectively). Statistical control charts were utilized to display and analyze the data. API rules were applied to detect special cause variation. Results 281 patients were screened. Oral health risk assessment improved from 37.84% to 77.74%. Initially, 72.22% of screened patients were at high risk for caries (with >1 risk factor for ECC on risk assessment tool). Over time, this rate significantly decreased to 52.46% largely due to family education. On average, 47.66% of screened patients had a dental home. Residents reached outcome goal of 90% referral rate for those patients without a dental home. Developmental screening rate, as a balancing measure, remained at 100% compliance. Conclusions and Next Steps Implementation of this QI project showed our patient population was at high-risk for ECC, which had previously been unknown, and decreased with our interventions. Creation of an electronic screening tool facilitated screening. Family education and providing a referral list of community dentists were the most successful interventions. Next steps include creating an electronic dental referral system and partnering with community dentists to enhance ECC-related family and patient education.
Opinion & Special Articles: Competency in Serious Illness Communication for Neurology Residents.

Until 2019, the only reference that the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) made to discussion of patients' care values was an indirect one: that neurology residents must “demonstrate knowledge of palliative care, including adequate pain relief as well as psychosocial support and counseling for patients and families.”1 In 2009, a nationwide study demonstrated neurology residents' poor knowledge of palliative care across multiple domains, including discussing end-of-life care preferences.2
Mean Arterial Pressure and Discharge Outcomes in Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Optimizing blood pressure is an important target for intervention following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). The existing literature has examined the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and outcomes. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a better measure of organ perfusion than SBP and is used to determine cerebral perfusion pressure but has not been previously examined in relation to outcomes after pediatric TBI. We aimed to evaluate the strength of association between MAP-based hypotension early after hospital admission and discharge outcome and to contrast the relative strength of association of hypotension with outcome between MAP-based and SBP-based blood pressure percentiles. We examined the association between lowest age-specific MAP percentile within 12 h after pediatric intensive care unit admission and poor discharge outcome (in-hospital death or transfer to a skilled nursing facility) in children with severe (Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9) TBI who survived at least 12 h. Poisson regression results were adjusted for maximum head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) severity score, maximum nonhead AIS, and vasoactive medication use. We also examined the ability of lowest MAP percentile during the first 12 h to predict discharge outcomes using receiver operating curve characteristic analysis without adjustment for covariates. We contrasted the predictive ability and the relative strength of association of blood pressure with outcome between MAP and SBP percentiles. Data from 166 children aged < 18 years were examined, of whom 20.4% had a poor discharge outcome. Poor discharge outcome was most common among patients with lowest MAP < 5th percentile (42.9%; aRR 5.3 vs. 50–94th percentile, 95% CI 1.2, 23.0) and MAP 5–9th percentile (40%; aRR 8.5, 95% CI 1.9, 38.7). Without adjustment for injury severity or vasoactive medication use, lowest MAP percentile was moderately predictive of poor discharge outcome (AUC: 0.75, 95% CI 0.66, 0.85). In contrast, lowest SBP was associated with poor discharge outcome only for the < 5th percentile (50%; aRR 5.4, 95% CI 1.3, 22.2). Lowest SBP percentile was moderately predictive of poor discharge outcome (AUC: 0.82, 95% CI 0.74, 0.91). In children with severe TBI, a single MAP < 10th percentile during the first 12 h after Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admission was associated with poor discharge outcome. Lowest MAP percentile during the first 12 h was moderately predictive of poor discharge outcome. Lowest MAP percentile was more strongly associated with outcome than lowest SBP percentile but had slightly lower predictive ability than SBP.
The Anaemia-Induced Reversible Switch From Haemoglobin A to Haemoglobin C in Goats and Sheep: The Two Haemoglobins Are Present in the Same Cell during the Changeover

Over eight years ago, two groups (Blunt and Evans, 1963; Van Vliet and Huisman, 1964) reported that anaemic episodes led to the replacement of sheep haemoglobin A \( \left( {HbA{ = _a}_2{\beta ^A}_2} \right)\) by a distinct haemoglobin C \( \left( {HbA{ = _a}_2{\beta ^C}_2} \right)\). Huisman et al. (1967) found a similar situation in goats three years later. Recently, Wilson et al. (1970) reported that the Moufflon and the Barbary Sheep, when anaemic, also switch haemoglobins. Not all species of ruminants are capable of such a replacement; switching has not been found in domestic cattle (Bell and Huisman, 1968).
Ion Dynamics and Defect Structure of Cubic PbF2

The NMR relaxation rates of the mobile fluorine nuclei have been measured in the superionic conductor β-PbF2 as a function of temperature. From room temperature to about 300°C these rates agree with the simple BPP theory and yield an attempt frequency of about 1015 sec-l and an activation energy for fluorine motion of 0.74 eV, in good agreement with the 1/T2 measurements of Hwang et al.1 (0.73 eV). Above about 300°C deviations from BPP theory are observed. This is the same temperature region in which the ionic conductivity begins to saturate2 and a broad λ-type specific heat anomaly is observed.3 This anomalous behavior is discussed in terms of the defect structure of PbF2 at high temperatures.
The Evolution of Management Theory: Past, Present, Future

This is a fascinating investigation of the history of management theory in terms of four interdependent, history-shaping forces: (1) socioeconomic thinking; (2) technological development; (3) organizational size; and (4) marketplace pressures. The book shows not only how management has become as much of an art as a science, but also where it is heading.
Efficient single-photon-level quantum frequency conversion on a silicon nanophotonic chip

We demonstrate frequency conversion of single-photon-level signals with an efficiency of 25% and signal-to-noise level >20:1, via four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in a Si 3 N 4 microring using low power (<20 mW per pump), continuous wave pump lasers.
Third Coast: Outkast, Timbaland, and How Hip Hop Became a Southern Thing

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Roni Sarig Year: 2007 Pages: 384 Publisher: Da Capo Press ISBN: 978-0-306-81430-3 (soft cover). Prices: $16.95 USD(soft cover).
A "Retreat" for Pediatric Interns

For the past two years, pediatric interns at the University of Washington have been relieved of their clinical duties for five days to participate in a "retreat". Their places were taken by pediatric practitioners as a continuing education experience. The chief benefit of the retreat was the coming together of the intern group and the subsequent support they were able to give to each other. The educational content was deemed less important than the fact that the retreat occurred.
Aspects of anticoagulation in children

The number of children receiving anticoagulation is increasing. Thromboembolic events are associated with significant risk of morbidity and mortality although the optimal management of asymptomatic events remains unclear. Specific challenges in paediatrics include the diagnosis of thrombosis, delivery and monitoring of anticoagulation in a wide range of ages from neonates through to adolescents. The development of the haemostatic system as children age results in changing pathophysiology of thrombosis and response to anticoagulation agents. Although registry and observational studies have provided vital information, specific paediatric, prospective anticoagulation studies have been few and limited in design. The result is that much of current practice is extrapolated from adult studies. Traditional anticoagulants have significant limitations. Both heparin and warfarin are in widespread use but many fundamental questions regarding dose, therapeutic range, efficacy and optimum duration have not been fully answered. Alternative agents, such as direct thrombin inhibitors and the selective anti-factor Xa inhibitor fondaparinux, may have advantages for children. Clinical trials in adults and preliminary data in children are promising but caution should be applied until specific paediatric studies have demonstrated safety and efficacy.
Modeling of turbulent separated flows for aerodynamic applications

A review is given of the advances made over the past decade in modeling steady, high speed, compressible separated flows through numerical simulations resulting from solutions of the mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Emphasis is placed on bench-mark flows that represent simplified (but realistic) aerodynamic phenomena. These include impinging shock waves, compression corners, glancing shock waves, trailing edge regions, and supersonic high angle-of-attack flows. A critical assessment of modeling capabilities is provided by comparing the numerical simulations with experiment. The importance of combining experiment, numerical algorithm, grid, and turbulence model to effectively develop this potentially powerful simulation technique is stressed.
Correlation of the ionization potentials of pseudo-aromatic metal complexes with hammett's substituent constants—II: Chromium acetylacetonates

Abstract The first ionization potentials, E I , of substituted chromium(III) acetylacetonates are found to be a linear function of the sum of Hammett's σ m and σ p constants for substituents in various positions of the pseudo-aromatic rings, relative to the Cr atom. The equation for the regression is E I = 7·40 + 0·380Σσ ± 0·02 eV, where 7·40 eV is the interpolated value for the tris-Cr chelate of malonaldehyde, and the slope of the correlation line is 0·380. From the value of the slope and other considerations, it is deduced that the ejected electron is an unpaired d xy Cr electron in at 2g MO.
Using Service-Learning As A Higher Education Teaching Strategy For Health And Physical Education As Well As The Athletic Setting - A Step By Step Approach

In recent years, college health and physical educators have examined multiple teaching strategies that enhance students ability to learn state-required and nationally-required health and physical education standards and outcomes. Identifying such methods and implementing them into courses can be overwhelming and confusing to the college educator . Service learning is a teaching method that best fits into the experimental section of educational foundations. This is an educational method of teaching, learning, and reflection that easily merges traditional classroom curriculum with meaningful community service. This paper provides detailed discussion regarding the service-learning teaching strategy as well as step by step instructions for correct course implementation and optimal educational results.
THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR REDUCTION OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

SHRINKAGE of brain volume may be highly desirable in a variety of disease states in order to decrease intracranial pressure and thereby prevent irreversible compression of the brain stem. Temporary reduction of cerebral swelling may also be beneficial in: 1) granting time for planning elective surgical intervention, 2) facilitating the technical problems of brain retraction, and 3) minimizing the dangers of post-operative edema. Pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid varies inversely with the osmolarity of the serum providing blood pressure remains relatively constant. Numerous hypertonic solutions have been employed experimentally and clinically in an attempt to reduce cerebral swelling. These have included glucose sucrose, saline, magnesium sulphate and concentrated human plasma.
Spirituality and Resilience Among Mexican American IPV Survivors

Women with abusive partners use a variety of coping strategies. This study examined the correlation between spirituality, resilience, and intimate partner violence using a cross-sectional survey of 54 Mexican American women living along the U.S.-Mexico border. The meaning-making coping model provides the conceptual framework to explore how spirituality is used as a copying strategy. Multiple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results indicate women who score higher on spirituality also report greater resilient characteristics. Poisson regression analyses revealed that an increase in level of spirituality is associated with lower number of types of abuse experienced. Clinical, programmatic, and research implications are discussed.
Cadaveric kidneys for transplantation: is there a need for more?

Kidney transplantation is rapidly becoming the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease [1,2]. Unfortunately, the paucity of donor kidneys has inhibited the more widespread application of this modality. A more than ample number of organs go to waste for various reasons.