cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a deployable boom aboard picosatellites for instrumentation and control purposes

Until the 1990's, satellites grew ever larger in both size and mass. NASA administrator, Daniel Goldin, urged for a “faster, better, cheaper” approach that created a wide variety of programs including microsatellite research. Picosatellites, weighing less than 1 kilogram, are one branch of these miniature spacecraft. Their reduced size allows them to be launched in mass quantities at low cost and provides many opportunities not always permitted by larger structures. Unfortunately, while small spacecraft technology has proved to reduce cost and development time, their small size limits the possibilities of certain design concepts. One way to widen the capabilities of these small satellite systems is by utilizing a deployable boom. The boom is stowed within a picosatellite prior to launch and extends into a deployed state once in low Earth orbit. Once in space, the boom serves a two-fold purpose. First, it can be used as a passive form of control to help stabilize and orient the satellite using a reliable gravity-gradient technique. Secondly, on-board instruments could be placed at the tip of the extended boom to minimize any magnetic and electronic interference with internal bus components. Extendable booms have proven space flight heritage on larger microsatellites like QuakeSat and PRISM. Initial research, however, suggests that this concept has not been adapted to the smaller class of picosatellites. This study takes a deeper look into the history of deployable structures on microsatellites in the hope of designing a boom capable of operating within a picosatellite. Various trade off studies are performed, placing heavy emphasis on choosing a suitable boom type and deployment technique while taking into consideration well defined mass, volume, and power constraints. After choosing an appropriate boom and deployment method, a computer-aided design (CAD) model will outline the final boom design both in its stored and deployed configurations. The structural integrity and physical limitations of the boom are demonstrated by performing a finite element dynamic analysis that simulates typical launch loads. Finally, a MATLAB code is utilized to simulate and verify the stability and effectiveness of the chosen gravity-gradient boom design. Introducing a deployable boom in a picosatellite allows for a reliable, inexpensive form of control while simultaneously allowing for more accurate instrumentation data by reducing system noise. By keeping cost and development time low, an extendable boom can expand the current capability of picosatellites to a wider aerospace population, including the university level.
The transmission of mother-child boundary disturbances across three generations

Attachment theory and family systems perspectives were used to explore the intergenerational origins of an overinvolved, symbiotic parenting pattern that hampers children's emerging autonomy. Consistent with principles of developmental psychopathology, the same underlying relationship disturbance was expected to manifest differently at different times in the developmental process. Specifically, links among maternal intrusiveness during infancy, overprotection during childhood, and mother-child role-reversal during young adulthood were explored. Forty-nine maternal grandmothers, mothers, and firstborn infants were visited in the mothers' homes when the infants were 6 and 9 months old. Grandmothers' memories of overprotection were related to observational ratings of high boundary dissolution and low positive affectivity with the mothers. No significant relationships were found between mothers' past and current relationships with the grandmothers. Yet, mothers' memories of overprotection during childhood or their current participation in unaffectionate, enmeshed, and role-reversed relationships with their mothers forecast their intrusive care with their own infants. Moreover, mothers' memories of overprotection related to their beliefs that others cannot be trusted and these beliefs were related, in turn, to observations of their intrusive care at 9 months. The implications of understanding the origins of maternal intrusiveness for developing prevention programs are discussed.
Synthesis and Thin Film Characterization of Poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) Containing an Anthracene Dimer Photocleavable Junction Point

Telechelic high molecular weight polystyrene (PS-A) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-A) containing anthracene end groups undergo end-coupling reaction in THF solution to form [4 + 4] anthracene ...
Tracer diffusion of carbon tetrachloride, S-trioxane, 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile, benzene, and chlorobenzene

Tracer diffusivities measured with the Taylor dispersion technique are reported for carbon tetrachloride, s-trioxane, 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, and 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile, benzene, and chlorobenzene across ranges of temperature. It is demonstrated that Stokes' law corrected with a microfriction factor successfully accounts for the diffusion behavior of even disk-shaped crown ethers. Solute and solvent molecules being effectively spherical in the context of Stokes' law, the tracer diffusion of crown ethers is found to be satisfactorily represented by a rough-hard-sphere model for molecular diffusion. The degree of success increases with decreasing solvent polarity. The diffusion data for carbon tetrachloride are also used to extend the basis of the recently developed reduced equation for the tracer diffusion of nonelectrolytes in liquids over wide temperature ranges.
Barriers to return to work among persons unemployed due to arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders

Objective. To identify barriers to return to work (RTW) among persons likely to be seen in a clinician's practice who are unemployed due to arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders. Methods. Two hundred eighteen persons unemployed due to arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders were interviewed at baseline and followed up for 1 year, at which time their work status was ascertained. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the association of baseline clinical, sociodemographic, and work-related factors to their work status at 1 year of followup. Results. Fifty-one (24%) of 216 initially unemployed subjects had returned to permanent paid employment of ≥20 hours/week after 1 year. Having rheumatoid arthritis, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) status, a high pain level, older age, and lower education were barriers to reemployment. Conclusion. This study establishes the importance of chronic pain and having rheumatoid arthritis as factors independently associated with failure to RTW among persons unemployed due to arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders. The importance of SSDI beneficiary status, age, and education level in RTW is further confirmed. Duration of unemployment or previous work factors were not predictors of RTW in this group.
Effect of Payoffs for Consistency on Judgments of Preference and Complexity

The performance of Ss receiving explicit payoffs for high inter-session correlations on a task of ranking visual patterns for complexity and preference was compared with that of a no-payoff group. Inter-session correlations for both types of judgment did not differ significantly between the two groups. The payoff Ss showed higher concordance for preference judgments but not for complexity judgments. Control groups required to memorize an arbitrary order of patterns under either a payoff or no-payoff condition did worse than either experimental group. Preferences for payoff Ss were directly related to complexity in that simpler patterns were preferred; no such relationship was observed for the no-payoff Ss. Two interpretations of the results are discussed.
Single‐Versus Multiple‐Dose Comparative Trial of Desipramine Hydrochloride: A Double‐Placebo Method

In a double-blind comparative trial utilizing the double-placebo method, depressed neurotic patients whose effective titrated dose of desipramine hydrochloride was 75, 100, or 150 mg were maintained, with equal efficacy, on once-a-day or multiple daily dose regimens. The data confirm that the safety of the once-a-day maintenance regimen (as measured by vital signs, laboratory tests, ECGs, and clinical adverse reactions) is comparable to the safety of the multiple daily dose regimen.
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome produced in gnotobiotic pigs following exposure to various amounts of porcine circovirus type 2a or type 2b

Abstract In late 2005, a postweaning, high mortality syndrome spread rapidly through finishing barns in swine dense areas of the United States. Diagnostic investigations consistently detected porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from diseased tissues. Subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the infectious agent was a PCV2 type termed “PCV2b”. Prior to late 2004, only the PCV2a type, but not PCV2b, had been reported in North America. In this communication, we produce severe postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in gnotobiotic pigs using infectious PCV2a and PCV2b generated from DNA clones constructed from field isolates identified in the 2005 outbreak. Clinical signs exhibited by diseased pigs included anorexia, dyspnea and listlessness. Mortality was typically observed within 12 h of onset of dyspnea. The most striking microscopic lesions in affected animals were severe hepatic necrosis and depletion of germinal centers in lymph nodes with associated abundant PCV2 viral antigen. Clinical signs and lesions observed in these studies were comparable to those reported in experiments with gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with a PCV2a isolate while concurrently receiving immune-stimulation or co-infection with porcine parvovirus or torque teno virus. The animals in these studies were confirmed to be free of detectable porcine parvovirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, swine hepatitis E virus, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Seven out of 24 PCV2 inoculated pigs had a detectable congenital torque teno virus infection with no correlation to clinical disease. Thus, in these studies, both PCV2a and PCV2b isolates were singularly capable of inducing high mortality in the absence of any detectable infectious co-factor.
Coagulation of aerosol agglomerates in the transition regime

Aerosol agglomerates are produced by homogeneous nucleation and Brownian coagulation. Coagulation models developed previously for spheres may be applicable to the initial stages of growth in which the colliding particles coalesce rapidly. Particles larger than a critical size d_1 are expected not to coalesce, leading to the formation of fractal-like agglomerates of dense primary particles. To describe coagulation in such systems, it is necessary to predict the mobilities, collision diameters, and mean free paths of agglomerate particles having sizes comparable to the gas mean free path λ. Using existing data on particle mobility and structure, these quantities are obtained for model agglomerates with fractal dimensions D_f in the range 1 < D_f < 3. For D_f ∼ 1.8, the resulting coagulation-frequency function K is found to be significantly higher than for spheres with the same mobility and material density ρ, in part because of the low effective density of the agglomerates. Numerical solutions of the coagulation equation show that as the aerosol grows from coalescing particles past the critical primary-particle size d1, both the width of the size distribution, σ_g, and the coagulation rate increase. For aerosols where the average particle is much larger than f_1, both σg and the coagulation rate are reduced. Although the growth is affected by D_f, f_1, λ, and ρ, results for large agglomerates are consistent with similarity solutions using a simplified collision-frequency function. For the simplified coagulation-frequency function it is assumed that the agglomerates are smaller than λ but much larger than the agglomerate mean free paths.
Speciation of Arsenic Oxides Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Positive and negative ion mass spectra of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and arsenic pentaoxide (As2O5) have been obtained by single-step laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Pulsed UV radiation at 266 nm was used for the simultaneous desorption and ionization of the solid sample. High-mass cluster ions that are unique to the oxidation state of each oxide sample appear in the negative ion mass spectra. The As2O3 produces As3O5-, while the As2O5 yields As3O8-. The formation of unique negative cluster ions presents the capability for arsenic oxidation state speciation by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The ability of time-of-flight mass spectrometry to examine the relative amounts of each arsenic oxide present in a series of mixtures is discussed. Application of our speciation technique to a model incinerator sample is demonstrated.
MODE LOCALIZATION DUE TO ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURAL CHANGES

Abstract The asymmetric effect on mode localization of a symmetric structure possessing nearly equal frequencies is analyzed. A reduction solution for nearly equal frequency perturbation is used to relate modes of a perturbed (asymmetric) structure and modes of original (symmetric) structure. A simple criterion for the occurrence of mode localization is derived for a symmetric structure with attached members of substructures. Numerical results of illustrative examples confirm that the criterion is valid and useful for selecting structural parameters in design work.
The geology and petrology of Volcán San Juan (Nayarit, México) and the compositionally zoned Tepic Pumice

Abstract Volcan San Juan is the westernmost Quaternary composite volcano in the Mexican Volcanic Belt. Its activity is divided into three stages of decreasing eruptive volume. During stage-1 activity, the main cone of San Juan and the adjacent Cerro Alto grew to a combined volume of ∼60 km3 through eruption of hornblende-bearing andesites, dacites, and rhyodacites. Stage 1 included explosive eruptions of hornblende-dacite and an andesite dated at 33,750 a (years ago) and 23,010 a. Stage-2 activity involved a major Plinian eruption 14,770 a that produced the hypersthene–hornblende-bearing, compositionally zoned, rhyodacitic–andesitic Tepic Pumice and led to formation of an oval-shaped caldera 4×1 km in diameter. Tepic, the capital city of Nayarit State, with a population of ∼250,000, lies at the NE foot of Volcan San Juan. This location was buried under 2–9 m of rhyodacitic pumice-fall deposits from the Tepic Pumice eruption. Erosion has since removed virtually all exposures of Tepic Pumice >15 km from the caldera. The estimated volume of erupted tephra is 5.6 km3, equivalent to 1.2 km3 of magma. Modeling of the eruption dynamics indicates that as the eruption evolved the column height increased from ∼15 km to ∼24 km and maximum mass discharge rate increased from ∼3×106 kg/s to ∼6×107 kg/s. During stage-3 activity, a hornblende-andesitic lava dome partially filled the caldera and sent block lava flows down the north slope of the cone; total erupted volume was ∼0.55 km3. Compared to other composite volcanoes of the western Mexican Volcanic Belt, the products from San Juan have the highest Sr contents and the lowest Rb, Y, Yb, and Lu contents, resulting in high La/Yb and Sr/Y, with low Rb/Sr. These observations indicate a strong slab-melt component at San Juan, consistent with its proximity to the Middle America Trench where young, hot lithosphere is subducting. The San Juan andesites, dacites, and rhyodacites also have relatively high 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb, and low eNd values compared to these other volcanoes, which appear to reflect significant crustal contamination of San Juan's magmas.
Organizational approaches to the HIV/AIDS crisis.

Abstract: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has played a major role in controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States. After implementation of perinatal zidovudine therapy in 1994, the efforts of the CDC and others produced a dramatic decline in perinatal HIV transmission. However, in recent years, approximately 300 perinatally infected infants have been born annually in the United States. To further reduce this number, the CDC has identified four prevention goals: improve prenatal care, recommend HIV testing, ensure treatment for HIV-infected pregnant women, and ensure follow-up care. To address these goals, the CDC launched a prevention plan consisting of surveillance, research, outreach strategies, grant programs, evaluation efforts, and policy development. Globally, the CDC tailors this plan to meet the needs of developing countries. The CDC provides technical assistance to international organizations to help develop, implement, and evaluate global prevention programs. Specific international sites are targeted for new research and programs to reduce perinatal HIV transmission.
A Weak Association between Traits of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Gambling in College Students.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been characterized as a comorbidity to pathological gambling (PG). However, contradictory evidence has emerged, and it has not been established whether nonimpulsive features of ADHD (e.g., inattention, hyperactivity) contribute to PG risk, or how robust this relationship is in college samples. Using data from 224 college students, multiple regression analyses examined the association between ADHD traits and gambling. A marginal link between impulsivity and gambling emerged, but only in males; hyperactivity and inattention were unrelated to gambling. Therefore, caution should be used in attributing risk for PG to college students with ADHD traits, particularly inattention and hyperactivity.
Altered rheology of lymphocytes in the diabetic mouse.

Aims/hypothesis Clinical complications associated with diabetes may be related to altered physical properties of leucocytes. We used micropipette techniques to examine leucocyte rheology (specifically lymphocyte rheology) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of diabetes mellitus. We hypothesised that diabetes affects lymphocyte rheology, and specifically that lymphocyte membranes from diabetic mammals have a higher cortical tension than those from non-diabetic mammals.
Timing-driven placement based on partitioning with dynamic cut-net control

This paper presents a partitioning-based, timing-driven placementalgorithm. The partitioning step itself is timing-driven and basedon solving a quadratic programming problem iteratively. Theplacement algorithm does not rely on interleaved timingcalculations, which tend to be inaccurate. Instead, it achieves thedesired result by controlling the number of times that a path inthe circuit can be cut. In addition to the cutting constraint, apre-locking mechanism and timing-aware terminal propagation aredeveloped and integrated into the flow. The detailed placement stepis formulated as a constrained quadratic program and solvedefficiently. Results show improvements of 23.41% on averagecompared to another timingdriven placement system Timing-QUAD andsignificant improvements over Eisenmanns placement algorithm.
Redefining Information Literacy to Prepare Students for the 21st Century Workforce

Information literacy instruction–a set of skills taught in order to identify and find the information needed to solve a problem—traditionally follows a formalized academic model. It assumes information skills can be applied universally and learned individually. However, this approach does not correspond to the social and specialized learning practices in the workforce. This article presents an argument for faculty and librarians to collaborate and redefine information literacy guidelines using specific disciplinary requirements while incorporating non-formal and informal workplace learning practices. This approach would better prepare students for the social and collaborative learning required in a 21st century workforce environment.
Ethics: Speech-Language Pathologists’ Role in Audiologic Screenings

This article clarifies the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) in audiologic screenings. The article addresses recommended procedures consistent with the ASHA Code of Ethics (2010) and other professional documents (ASHA, 1994, 1997, 2004a, 2004b, 2007). In addition, this article explores education needed by SLPs to conduct audiologic screenings.
Camerate and Cladid crinoids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian, Shermanian) Walcott-Rust Quarry of New York

The camerates, Pycnocrinus argutus (Walcott, 1883) and Rhaphanocrinus subnodosus (Walcott, 1883), are characterized by narrow food grooves. An open distal stem coil was present in P. argutus, and R. subnodosus may have possessed the same type of holdfast. Such holdfasts either lay loose on the seafloor or were wrapped around unknown soft objects. The rhaphanocrinids were located at elevations of at least 300 mm above the substrate. Conversely, the much smaller pycnocrinids lived close to the seafloor at levels of about 10 to 24 mm. The three cladids are Merocrinus curtus (Ulrich, 1879), M. retractilis (Walcott, 1883), and Dendrocrinus gregarius Billings, 1857a. Merocrinus typus Walcott, 1883 and M. corroboratus Walcott, 1883 are conspecific with M. curtus. The spiral anal sac of M. retractilis is unique. Embryocrinus problematicus Hudson, 1918 probably represents a juvenile of Dendrocrinus gregarius, which also occurs in Ottawa, Ontario. Complete columns and attachment structures have not been found for D. gregarius and Merocrinus retractilis. Merocrinus curtus ranges from New York into the Cincinnati, Ohio area of the midcontinent. Although attachment devices and long stem segments are not preserved in the New York specimens, individuals of Merocrinus curtus from Cincinnati either have a conical holdfast cemented to a bryozoan or a tight distal stem coil that was wrapped around the stem of another crinoid; adult merocrinids from the Cincinnati region were positioned high above the seafloor, and incomplete stem segments up to about 800 mm long are known. The Walcott-Rust Quarry cladids all possessed wider food grooves than the camerates, so they were able to catch larger food particles.
Patterns of Hormones, Respiration and Ripening Enzymes during Development, Maturation and Ripening of Cherry Tomato Fruits

Changes in growth, endogenous levels of hormones, ethylene evolution and cellulytic and pectolytic enzyme activities of cherry tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Small Fry) were assayed from anthesis through ripening. After anthesis, growth of cherry tomato fruit follows a three-dimensional and sigmoid growth pattern which consits of cell division, cell enlargement, mature green, pink and red stages. Cytokinins and auxins were abundant and reached their peak during early development (cell division). Gibberellin levels were more prominent during the period of cell enlargement and reached a peak before the green mature stage. Levels of abscisic acid increased gradually during maturation and reached a maximum in the advanced green mature stage. Respiration pattern was characterized by a climacteric peak at the pink stage. Ethylene production remained less than 2 μl/kg fresh weight an hour until shortly before mature green stage, then rose rapidly to a maximum at pink stage. Activities of cellulytic and pectolytic enzymes were first detected at the green mature stage and increased rapidly during fruit ripening.
Antenna design and analysis using characteristic modes

Characteristic mode theory as formulated in the works of Garbacz and Turpin (1971) and Harrington and Mautz (1971), has been used in a variety of applications, including radiation and scattering analysis and pattern synthesis. In this work, the theory of characteristic modes was used to analyze the input impedance and currents of a two-arm spherical antenna. Suggestions were given on improving broadband behavior of an antenna based on the analysis.
Whispering-gallery-mode THz-pulse propagation on a single curved metallic plate

We demonstrate THz-pulse propagation on a 25-cm-long semi-circular aluminum plate with low loss and negligible dispersion via whispering-gallery-modes. This represents the first demonstration of these modes on a curved metallic surface in the THz regime.
The Vaccinia Virus K1L Gene Product Inhibits Host NF-κB Activation by Preventing IκBα Degradation

Vaccinia virus wild-type strains such as Ankara and WR synthesize proteins capable of inhibiting the activation of host NF-κB, a family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of inflammatory genes. In contrast, an infection by the attenuated MVA strain, whose genome lacks many immunoregulatory genes present in the DNA of its Ankara parent, induces NF-κB activation. Insertion of NF-κB inhibitory genes into the MVA DNA, then, would alter the MVA phenotype. By this method, a 5.2-kb region of Ankara DNA containing the K1L gene and two other genes that are absent in the MVA genome that was identified as NF-κB was inhibited in cells infected with the MVA/5.2kb virus. To determine if K1L was responsible, the relevant biological properties of both a recombinant MVA containing a copy of the WR strain's K1L (MVA/K1L) and a WR deletion mutant lacking the K1L gene (ΔK1L) were examined. Indeed, unlike its progenitor, the altered MVA halted degradation of the host regulatory protein IκBα—a key event in the pathway of transcriptional activation by NF-κB factors. Moreover, MVA/K1L gained the ability to repress artificially contrived and natural NF-κB-regulated expression of a transfected luciferase and the cellular tumor necrosis factor gene, respectively. In contrast, although these functions could also be performed by WR, the ΔK1L virus lost these abilities. Thus, one apparent molecular function of K1L is to prevent IκBα degradation. This impediment to NF-κB-induced host proinflammatory gene expression, in turn, might enhance virus survival.
Determining the molecular-growth mechanisms of protein crystal faces by atomic force microscopy

A high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) study has shown that the molecular packing on the tetragonal lysozyme (110) face corresponds to only one of two possible packing arrangements, suggesting that growth layers on this face are of bimolecular height [Li et al. (1999). Acta Cryst. D55, 1023–1035]. Theoretical analyses of the packing also indicated that growth of this face should proceed by the addition of growth units of at least tetramer size, corresponding to the 43 helices in the crystal. In this study, an AFM linescan technique was used to measure the dimensions of individual growth units on protein crystal faces as they were being incorporated into the lattice. Images of individual growth events on the (110) face of tetragonal lysozyme crystals were observed, shown by jump discontinuities in the growth step in the linescan images. The growth-unit dimension in the scanned direction was obtained from these images. A large number of scans in two directions on the (110) face were performed and the distribution of lysozyme growth-unit sizes were obtained. A variety of unit sizes corresponding to 43 helices were shown to participate in the growth process, with the 43 tetramer being the minimum observed size. This technique represents a new application for AFM, allowing time-resolved studies of molecular processes to be carried out.
Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of a new Amphotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV-1313)

Background The amphotropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLV-A's) are naturally occurring, exogenously acquired gammaretroviruses that are indigenous to the Southern California wild mice. These viruses replicate in a wide range of cell types including human cells in vitro and they can cause both hematological and neurological disorders in feral as well as in the inbred laboratory mice. Since MuLV-A's also exhibit discrete interference and neutralization properties, the envelope proteins of these viruses have been extremely useful for studying virus-host cell interactions and as vehicles for transfer of foreign genes into a variety of hosts including human cells. However, the genomic structure of any of the several known MuLV-A's has not been established and the evolutionary relationship of amphotropic retroviruses to the numerous exogenous or endogenous MuLV strains remains elusive. Herein we present a complete genetic structure of a novel amphotropic virus designated MuLV-1313 and demonstrate that this retrovirus together with other MuLV-A's belongs to a distinct molecular, biological and phylogenetic class among the MuLV strains isolated from a large number of the laboratory inbred or feral mice.
Phenomenological QCD equation of state for massive neutron stars

We construct an equation of state for massive neutron stars based on quantum chromodynamics phenomenology. Our primary purpose is to delineate the relevant ingredients of equations of state that simultaneously have the required stiffness and satisfy constraints from thermodynamics and causality. These ingredients are (i) a repulsive density-density interaction, universal for all flavors, (ii) the color-magnetic interaction active from low to high densities, (iii) confining effects, which become increasingly important as the baryon density decreases, and (iv) nonperturbative gluons, which are not very sensitive to changes of the quark density. We use the following ``3-window'' description: At baryon densities below about twice normal nuclear density, $2{n}_{0}$, we use the Akmal-Pandharipande-Ravenhall (APR) equation of state, and at high densities, $\ensuremath{\ge}(4\ensuremath{-}7){n}_{0}$, we use the three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model supplemented by vector and diquark interactions. In the transition density region, we smoothly interpolate the hadronic and quark equations of state in the chemical potential-pressure plane. Requiring that the equation of state approach APR at low densities, we find that the quark pressure in nonconfining models can be larger than the hadronic pressure, unlike in conventional equations of state. We show that consistent equations of state of stiffness sufficient to allow massive neutron stars are reasonably tightly constrained, suggesting that gluon dynamics remains nonperturbative even at baryon densities $\ensuremath{\sim}10{n}_{0}$.
Quantitative analysis of [18F]FDDNP PET using subcortical white matter as reference region.

Purpose Subcortical white matter is known to be relatively unaffected by amyloid deposition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the use of subcortical white matter as a reference region to quantify [18F]FDDNP binding in the human brain.
The CLEO II detector magnet: design, tests, and performance

The design features of the CLEO II magnet, test results and operating results are described. The design is intended to keep the good features of the smaller CLEO I solenoid, such as low cryogenic load, while eliminating some of its weaknesses, such as its poor insulating vacuum, sensitivity to refrigerator performance, and susceptibility to utility failures. A persistent current mode, proposed in view of the frequent need to de-energize the magnet for maintenance and accelerator studies, was considered and rejected. The requirements were then increased stability, low cryogenic heat load, passive cooling, and passive protection. At this writing, the magnet has been operating at high fields without serious incident for about six months. The cryostat vacuum has remained at 10/sup -6/ torr with no external pumping, and the effective refrigeration load has been comfortably within the capabilities of the Koch model 1430 (Oxford estimated 8.3 W and 14 1/h). All the various styles of cryogenic operation have been attempted successfully. Operation is largely unattended except for routine refrigerator maintenance and field rampup and rampdown. >
Modeling and Design of a Highly Compact Chaotic Cavity for Optical Gas Sensing Applications

We present a novel class of compact, robust, and potentially cost-effective chaotic cavities for trace-gas sensing applications. The cavity consists of a single, closed, reflecting surface and can support up to 15.5 meter of optical path length with a cavity volume of only 68 cm3. The design is based on quasi-chaotic ray dynamics in a 3-dimensional (3-D) deformed sphere. Within the cavity, light traces out a quasi-stable trajectory that has been improved to achieve long optical path length and little beam overlap. The results show that the proposed chaotic cavity effectively refocuses the beam as the light bounces off the cavity wall. We modeled, fabricated, and tested a prototype cavity. The chaotic cavity can successfully achieve a 40-pass trajectory with a pulsed AlGalnP diode laser emitting at 661 nm. The experimental results agree well with calculations.
The Courage to Listen: Government, Truth-Telling, and Care of the Self

Theory and practice in contemporary governance place discourse, dialogue, and story-telling at the center of the field of public administration. These speaking practices involve both the capacity of someone to speak and someone to listen to what is being said. Public administration primarily emphasizes the former and neglects the latter. Yet, if the current breakdown in our "communicative infrastructure" is to be repaired, it is equally important to consider how the listener attends to another’s speech, as it is to creating settings and opportunities to speak. Drawing from Michel Foucault’s final three lectures, this paper theorizes the role of listening in creating a robust public sphere. Central to the argument are Foucault’s analyses of the ancient Greek practices of the "care of the self" and a specific kind of truth telling, parrēsia. Listening is shown to be the central practice of self-care: To be able to listen, we must learn to attend to and take care of ourselves. This practice enables the subject not only to govern others, but also to listen to parrēsiac speech when spoken by others in public. The field has not yet fully understood how this "personal" practice of taking-care-of-oneself and, in particular, the cultivation of the capacity to listen is the sine qua non for the emergence of a functioning public realm and responsive government.
Interrogating the Process and Meaning of Intergroup Contact: Contrasting Theoretical Approaches

Author(s): Hammack, PL; Pilecki, A; Merrilees, C | Abstract: To address the dearth of research on the process and meaning participants make of intergroup contact in settings of intractable conflict, Israeli, Palestinian and US youth were randomly assigned to conditions of dialogue-based contact rooted in distinct social psychological theories. Over a 2-week period, participants completed diaries containing surveys of psychological experience and space for free reflection. US youth reported lower levels of engagement, social identity salience and positive mood relative to Israelis and Palestinians. Qualitative data revealed a pattern of detachment and dissatisfaction among US youth. Compared with participants in a recategorization condition, participants in a mutual differentiation condition of dialogue reported lower levels of self-consistency and higher levels of intergroup differentiation over time, suggesting the effectiveness of this approach to initiate a process of self-reflection and intergroup distinctiveness. Palestinian participants in the mutual differentiation condition reported higher levels of empowerment and positive mood throughout contact relative to all other participants, suggesting the effectiveness of this approach to challenge power asymmetries and its positivity for the low-status group. Results are discussed in terms of innovative methodological approaches to study intergroup processes in contact settings. © 2013 John Wiley a Sons, Ltd.
Light control of evening vertical migrations by Chaoborus punctipennis larvae

Light control of vertical migration was examined with sonar recordings of the evening migration of Chaoborus punctipennis larvae. Frequently, a slow, upward drift in the afternoon preceded the rapid ascent of larvae. Movement out of the sediments was not consistently related to a fixed light intensity or rate of relative light change. Light intensities were variable at the initiation of and during the upward migration, whereas the beginning of rapid ascent was closely correlated with l.he timing of a relative light change of 1.7 x 1O-3 s-l. The close relationship between the rate of relative change in light intensity and the rate of upward movement including the afternoon drift supports the stimulus-velocity hypothesis that once larvae leave the sediments the speed and direction of the migration pattern is primarily regulated by relative light changes. Second- and third-instar larvae migrated at higher light intensities than fourth instars, but did not differ in their rate of movement in relation to light change. Light is widely regarded as an important factor regulating the diel vertical migration of planktonic organisms (see Ringelberg 1964:, Forward 1976, 1988; Haney 1988). Despite early and continued research on the influence of light on vertical migration (e.g. Clarke I93 3; Clarke and Backus 1956; Siebeck 1960; McNaught and Hasler 1964), the mechanisms of light control are still poorly understood. In the present study we set out to examine the validity of several hypotheses of light control of vertical migration. Chaoborus punc@ennis was selected as a test organism since the third- and fourth-instar larvae generally exhibit clear patterns of migration and their vertical movements can be monitored in detail with sona.r (Northcote 1964). We chose lakes in which C. punctipennis was the only chaoborid species present. We focused our study primarily on winter-spring periods when Chaoborus larvae were present as fourth instars and when there would bc the least influence of factors associated with thermal stratification.
Design of a 600 GHz fresnel lens antenna for passive and active imaging

This paper presents design information and methodology for a high frequency (600 GHz) Fresnel lens that can significantly reduce the thickness and weight of dielectric based lenses for imaging and spectroscopy applications in the submillimeter wave bands.
Time synchronization for ZigBee networks

Time synchronization is essential for most network applications. It is particularly important in a wireless sensor network (WSN) as a means to correlate diverse measurements from a set of distributed sensor elements and synchronize clocks for shared channel communication protocols. Wireless sensors are typically designed with very stringent constraints for size, cost, and especially power consumption. The flooding time synchronization protocol (FTSP) was developed explicitly for time synchronization of mesh-connected wireless sensor networks. However, ZigBee can also accommodate master-slave networks that can be more power-efficient. We optimized the FTSP for master-slave WSNs and implemented it using TinyOS 1.1.8 and ZigBee-compliant hardware. Our approach allows better synchronization and reduced power consumption of wireless nodes. In this paper we present implementation and experimental results.
Color Variation and Significance of Color in Reproduction in the Damselfly, Argia apicalis (Say) (Zygoptera: Coenagriidae)

Variation in thoracic color and the role of color in reproduction were studied in the field in one population of the damselfly, Argia apicalis. Mature males and females were individually marked, and observed near noon on 47 consecutive days, and hourly on three. Males occurred in two color phases: bright blue, and gray-black, neither of which could be positively associated with age or mating. Change was not a single step from blue to finally dark or vice versa but often involved intervening changes in both directions with a maximum of eight in 12 days. Dark was the more temporary condition. Females occurred in three color phases: brown, turquoise, gray-black. As with males, no one phase could be positively associated with age or mating, and multi-directional change occurred after sexual maturity.Dead pinned individuals, modified or not, were presented to living males who: (1) advanced sexually toward motionless models, (2) discriminated intact females from males, (3) reacted sexually more frequently to brown than to the other normal female colors, (4) responded sexually to a female thorax and one wing almost as frequently as to a normal female, (5) accurately discriminated a female thorax and one wing from that of a male. The blue-tipped male abdomen aided but was not indispensable for sex recognition. Dorsal and lateral thoracic color were equally important and elicited male sexual response in their entirety rather than by particular pattern. Sex discrimination broke down when the normal thoracic color was obliterated with paint regardless of its color, but a thorax painted white was an "over-optimal" attraction suggesting the importance of light intensity.
Content management and a self-service society: Identifying and solving a key problem of organizational writing

Writing functions are increasingly distributed across an organization. This is true because contemporary “knowledge organizations” are by necessity writing-intensive organizations, but it is also true because functions that once fell to professional writers are now tasked to professionals who must write. In this paper, we report focused findings from a 3-year workplace study project designed to understand the effects of the introduction of a content management system (CMS) on the writing practices in an administrative office at a large organization. We argue based on these findings for increased attention to enabling forms of flexibility that might enable writers to innovate new tools in response to their social and cultural needs of the environments in which they write.
Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystallography analysis, and catalytic activity of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine copper complexes containing coupled pendent olefinic arms in atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions

Abstract The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (BPMA) copper complexes incorporating olefinic pendent arms are reported. Four copper(I) and four copper(II) complexes were synthesized employing four different counterions [chloride (Cl−), perchlorate (ClO4−), trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3−), and tetraphenylborate (BPh4−)]. The counterions used ranged from coordinating (Cl−) to non-coordinating (BPh4−), producing different coordination modes in respective complexes. Solid state results obtained for the copper(I) complex incorporating the non-coordinating (BPh4−) counterion displayed an associative bond between the metal center and the C C group in the olefinic arm of a neighboring complex. This interaction led to augmentation of the C C bond due to back-bonding from the metal center. Five solid state structures were obtained for the copper(II) complexes with two also displaying intermolecular associative bonding between olefinic pendent arms and the metal center. X-ray crystallography studies showed that the olefinic arm motifs incorporated were hemilabile. Solution studies indicated that the copper complexes had some inherent reducing power and could be potential candidates for use as catalysts in atom transfer radical processes. However, only moderate conversions and yields were obtained in atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction studies performed utilizing the copper complexes due to the presence of a competing reaction.
The Impact of PPACA on Employment-Based Health Coverage of Adult Children to Age 26

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) enacted March 23, 2010, requires that group health plans and insurers make dependent coverage available for children until they attain the age of 26, regardless of tax or student status, or dependent status as it relates to financial support. The mandate to offer coverage to adult children ages 19-25 took effect for policy years that begin on or after Sept. 23, 2010, but since January is the beginning of the plan year for most employment-based health plans, many insurers adopted the requirements of the law before the effective date. This paper reviews the evidence as to whether the mandate to extend coverage to adult children had an effect on the percentage of young adults with coverage in late 2010 and early 2011. Data from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) and Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) are examined, as well as data from the Center for Disease Control’s National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). According to data from the CPS, the percentage of persons ages 19-25 with employment-based coverage as a dependent increased from 24.7 percent in 2009 to 27.7 percent in 2010. SIPP shows that the percentage of individuals ages 19-25 with employment-based health coverage as a dependent averaged 26.9 percent during January-September 2010, and increased to an average 27.1 percent during October and November. According to data from the NHIS, the percentage with private insurance increased from 51 percent to 55.8 percent, and the percentage uninsured fell from 33.9 percent during 2010 to 28.8 percent during the first half of 2011 among those ages 19-25. Data from these three surveys show that PPACA has had a positive effect on the percentage of young adults with employment-based coverage as a dependent.The PDF for the above title, published in the January 2012 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another January 2012 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: “Spending Adjustments Made By Older Americans to Save Money.”
A 29Si-NMR Investigation of Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon Nitride

We present the results of a spectroscopic study of amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride. The nitride was prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and was studied with infrared absorption (IR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. This nitride film shows a particularly interesting distribution of hydrogen: hydrogen atoms are nearly exclusively bound to nitrogen.