cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abdominal pain in pneumonia

1. Thoracic pain occurs in eighty per cent of patients with pneumonia, while abdominal pain occurs in eight per cent of patients with this disease. 2. The occurrence of thoracic pain in pneumonia is a helpful symptom because it directs attention to the diseased organs, thereby aiding in their diagnosis; but the appearance of abdominal pain distracts attention from the disease giving rise to it, and so becomes a source of confusion. 3. Abdominal pain has little if any physiologic relationship to the pneumonia which produces it. It is a physiologic paradox. 4. Abdominal pain and other associated symptoms may be so pronounced as to completely mask the respiratory infection, and may simulate acute abdominal disorders, as acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, intestinal obstruction, etc. 5. The ability of referred abdominal pain and the associated symptoms to simulate acute appendicitis is annoyingly real at times; and laparotomies have been performed as a result of this mimicry. 6. The probable explanation for the production of referred abdominal pain lies in the toxemia which occurs in the disease. 7. The toxemia consists of two factors, a specific factor elaborated by the pneumococcus, and a non-specific factor resulting from the general fever process. 8. We regard the toxemia acting on the gastrointestinal tract as a responsible for the production of the symptoms of abdominal pain, meteorism, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, distention, constipation, etc. 9. The differential diagnosis between the acute abdominal crises and pneumonia is arrived at by a painstaking consideration of all the available clinical material.
Consonant clusters in disordered speech: constraints and correspondence patterns*

Comparison of patterns of cluster realization from 47 children ranging in age from 3;4 to 6;8 with functional (non-organic) speech disorders with those reported in the literature for normal acquisition reveals that these patterns are essentially the same for both groups. Using a two-level generative phonology for children's independent systems, further analysis of cluster realizations by means of feature geometry and under-specification theory reveals that there are systematic and principled relationships between adult representations of clusters and children's underlying representations and between children's underlying representations and their phonetic representations. With special emphasis on coalescence phenomena, it is suggested that the apparent diversity in children's cluster realizations can be reduced to four constraints on the form of underlying and phonetic representations.
Rearing bulls with females fails to enhance sexual performance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if continuous exposure of beef bulls to female conspecifics from weaning to 18 months of age enhanced their sexual performance relative to age mates reared in unisexual groups. Two groups of 12 Hereford bulls (BMF) were each reared with 6 ovariectomized female age mates from weaning (7 months) to 18 months of age while two additional groups of 12 males (BM) were reared in the absence of females. The stimulus females were induced to exhibit estrus via hormone administration every 4 weeks starting when the bulls averaged 12 months of age. Four biweekly sexual performance evaluations were administered to the bulls starting at 18.5 months. Each sexual performance evaluation consisted of an hour-long observation of 6 bulls with 5 unrestrained estrous females whose perinea had been covered to prevent intromissions, and an hour-long observation of 6 bulls with 5 different unrestrained estrous females whose perinea were not covered. Differences in sexual performance between BMF and BM bulls were relatively few in number and short lived. BM bulls were reluctant to mount estrous females in the first test of the first sexual performance evaluation, but thereafter rates of mounting and successful copulations were similar to those of BMF bulls. Treatment did not affect mount intention frequencies, but BM bulls attended females a greater percentage of the test time ( P It was concluded that rearing bulls in the absence of females does not significantly retard the development of sexual behavior.
Failure of inhibition of lipid peroxidation by vitamin E to protect against gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the rat

We tested the hypothesis that accelerated lipid peroxidation, possibly at the level of the lysosome, is linked causally to the pathogenesis of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity by investigating whether administration of vitamin E would inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent or ameliorate gentamicin-induced proximal tubular cell injury. Five groups of rats were injected with either saline, vitamin E (600 mg/kg per day) for 6 days, gentamicin (100 mg/kg per day) for 6 days, vitamin E for 6 days plus gentamicin for 6 days or vitamin E for 12 days and gentamicin for the last 6 days. Gentamicin alone induced a 16% increase in renal cortical phospholipids; vitamin E had no significant effect on this change. Gentamicin alone caused accelerated lipid peroxidation evident by a doubling of renal cortical malondialdehyde to 1.23 nmol/mg protein, and a sharp decline of esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid which fell 43%. These changes were accompanied by depressions of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total glutathione and a shift from reduced to oxidized glutathione. Concurrent treatment of rats with vitamin E plus gentamicin for 6 days had no significant effect on the gentamicin-induced alterations of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase or the glutathione cascade; however, the shift from polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was largely reversed. In rats pretreated with vitamin E for 6 days, gentamicin failed to raise renal cortical malondialdehyde above that of saline-treated rats. The changes in esterified fatty acids were prevented almost entirely, and there were no significant alterations from control of the glutathione cascade. The depressions of superoxide dismutase and of catalase, however, were not reversed. Vitamin E did not affect the amount of gentamicin accumulated in renal cortex nor did it prevent the gentamicin-induced rise of serum creatinine. Examination of renal cortex by light and electron microscopy revealed that vitamin E did not prevent or even reduce the severity of gentamicin-induced proximal tubular cell lesions and necrosis. These results confirm those we obtained in a previous study with the antioxidant diphenyl-phenylenediamine. The observation that inhibition of lipid peroxidation by two distinct antioxidants failed to prevent proximal tubular cell injury and renal dysfunction associated with gentamicin administration leads us to conclude that lipid peroxidation is a consequence and not a cause of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
A Subexponential-Time Quantum Algorithm for the Dihedral Hidden Subgroup Problem

We present a quantum algorithm for the dihedral hidden subgroup problem (DHSP) with time and query complexity $2^{O(\sqrt{\log\ N})}$. In this problem an oracle computes a function $f$ on the dihedral group $D_N$ which is invariant under a hidden reflection in $D_N$. By contrast, the classical query complexity of DHSP is $O(\sqrt{N})$. The algorithm also applies to the hidden shift problem for an arbitrary finitely generated abelian group. The algorithm begins as usual with a quantum character transform, which in the case of $D_N$ is essentially the abelian quantum Fourier transform. This yields the name of a group representation of $D_N$, which is not by itself useful, and a state in the representation, which is a valuable but indecipherable qubit. The algorithm proceeds by repeatedly pairing two unfavorable qubits to make a new qubit in a more favorable representation of $D_N$. Once the algorithm obtains certain target representations, direct measurements reveal the hidden subgroup.
Delirium and lactic acidosis caused by ethanol and niacin coingestion

A 44-year-old male presented to the emergency department with altered mental status. He was receiving niacin therapy for hypercholesterolemia, and 16 hours earlier had ingested a large quantity of wine. Past medical history was otherwise unremarkable; physical examination revealed paranoid ideation and asterixis. Laboratory evaluation was significant for metabolic acidosis with a calculated anion gap of 39. Liver enzymes were elevated, and lactic acid level was 9.5 mmol/L (normal: 0.5 to 2.2 mmol/L). White blood cell count was 23,100, but all cultures were negative, and all other diagnostic studies, including bilirubin, prothrombin time, and ammonia were normal. The patient recovered rapidly with hydration and administration of thiamine and magnesium. After psychiatric evaluation, a diagnosis of toxic delirium due to niacin and ethanol coingestion was made. This is the first case reporting toxic delirium and lactic acidosis due to niacin and ethanol coingestion. This occurred in the absence of significant hepatic impairment. Possible mechanisms for the observed derangements are discussed.
A note on “Some artifactual causes of perceptual primacy”

This note evaluates the conclusion of Ayres (1966) that the evidence of Harcum, Hartman, and Smith (1963) for a perceptual scanning mechanism was produced by certain experimental artifacts. The conclusion is that the proposition of experimental artifact is not justified by the data which Ayres presented.
SU‐E‐T‐477: Study of MLC Apertures and Their Significance for Volumetric Arc Therapy in the Management of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Purpose: Electronic disequilibrium concerns limit the minimum field sizes to 3.5 × 3.5 cm2 for NSCLC patients per various RTOG protocols which is easily achievable using 3DCRT. However, the inverse planning nature of VMAT does not provide any control on the field‐size or MLC shapes and may often violate it. This study aims to analyze the difference between VMAT and 3DCRT planning techniques by evaluating aperture size & hence conformity with RTOG protocols. Methods: 25 patients with NSCLC [5 tumors per lobe] who were treated using 3DCRT were retrospectively inverse planned for VMAT. Dosimetrically, VMAT plans were almost identical with that of clinical 3DCRT plans. DICOM plans were imported into MATLAB to determine the actual MLC area of the active leaves per control point and its relative weight in the overall dose delivery of that VMAT arc. The effective‐weight of all the MLC areas which were less than 3.5 × 3.5 cm2 was summated (VMAT3.5fs). We also studied the conditions where the total MLC area did satisfy the minimum requirement of 3.5 × 3.5 cm2 but where any two opposite MLC leaf positions were less than 3.5 cm apart (VMAT3.5MLCwt). These evaluations are contained in VMAT3.5MLCwt which gives the weighted sum of all small MLC segments in the entire VMAT arc. A zero value of both ensures that the VMAT arc satisfies the RTOG requirement of minimal jaws size in its entirety. Results: Respective values of VMAT3.5fs & VMAT3.5MLCwt were found to be 0.88 ± 0.23 & 0.9 ± 0.21 for 63 VMAT arcs. Only 2 patients had a value of 0 for both indices implying compliance to RTOG field size limits. Conclusion: Proposed indices provide an objective method to evaluate the suitability of VMAT plans in satisfying RTOG constraints for NSCLC treatment using SBRT.
A new hybrid adaptive mesh algorithm based on Voronoi tessellations and equi-distribution principle: Algorithms and numerical experiments

Abstract A new hybrid h-adaptive algorithm is design to optimize unstructured polygonal meshes in 2D based on Voronoi tessellations and its topological dual, Delaunay triangulations. The algorithm consists of several unique features: first, dynamic change of mesh topology (reconnection of nodes) is realized through refinement and coarsening iterations with specific feature (i.e. Voronoi diagram); second, two moving mesh strategies are included, one is the weighted global smoothing for mesh regulation which is based on centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CVTs), the other is a local smoothing for the purpose of speed-up of the adaptive iterations; third, a new marking strategy with double threshold values guarantee the convergence of adaptive iterations. The advantage of the hybrid algorithm is that the goal mesh resolution can converge to an arbitrarily small number; it asymptotically converges to a straight line in 2D (i.e., the volume equi-distribution error approaches zero). The h-adaptation is referred to as asynchronous process, if the processes of coarsening and refinement are connected through several global mesh regulation steps. Otherwise the hybrid adaptive process is synchronous. This will provide options to meet special requirement such as smooth transition of physical fields. The numerical results show that the numerical errors are indeed well distributed in an averaged sense in the domain, where the mesh sizes are optimal, and nodes of the mesh smoothly follow the underlying geometry or physics. The new hybrid algorithm demonstrates its potential for effectiveness, efficiency and robustness to handle generation and optimization of polygonal meshes for extreme scenarios with a wide spectrum of length scales.
Passive and reactive scalar measurements in a transient high-Schmidt-number Rayleigh–Taylor mixing layer

An experimental study of mixing induced by Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability at an Atwood number (A t ) ~7.5 × 10−4 and Schmidt number (Sc) ~1,000 has been performed. A new transient experimental facility developed on the working principles of the draw-tank facility at Cambridge (Dalziel et al. in J Fluid Mech, 399:1–48, 1999) has been established and enhanced to observe a higher (2×) Reynolds number regime. Water and brine were used to produce the RT density stratification. The evolution of the instability was studied using passive and reactive scalar techniques and quantified using optical diagnostic methods. The data were combined to estimate local and global mixing metrics representative of the mixing mechanism across the mixing layer. In comparison with parameters reported from analogous experiments, the mixing phenomenon at a high Sc shows a strong dependency on the initial conditions prevailing at the onset of the instability and the evidence of a delay in the mixing transition. Values of global and integral mixing parameters did not reach late-time asymptotic values that have been reported previously from steady-state experiments (Texas A&M Water Channel) and may be attributed to the effect of the barrier pull and the overturning mechanism that is thought to hinder the progress of the mixing layer.
Mechanically driven microtweezers with integrated microelectrodes

This paper presents a method for fabricating a fundamental MEMS tool—microtweezers. Microtweezers offer an attractive option to meet the increasing need to grasp, manipulate and excise microstructures or biological components. The microtweezers presented here augment a standard micromanipulator, allowing precise positioning in three dimensions. An additional micro-drive control knob, which is affixed to the micromanipulator, allows actuation of the tweezer tips through the use of a tether-cable drive system. This drive actuates the tweezer tips by the reciprocating motion of two microfabricated parts: the tweezers and tweezer box. A simple three-layer planar fabrication scheme allows for a broad range of tweezer styles (straight and serrated tips) and sizes (microns to millimeters). For these studies, 20 µ mw ide and 10 µm thick nickel beams were developed for the tweezer tips, which could endure 20 mN of force. To demonstrate the concept of microassembly, pick and place operations were performed on 10 µm thick film structures. Additional functionality was achieved by integrating platinum-black microelectrodes into parylene-coated tweezers to allow electrophysiological functions such as cellular stimulation and recording. Ultimately, this unique and simple design affords extraordinarily delicate control that is potentially beneficial for applications in microassembly, electrophysiology and microsurgery. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Harm, Help, and the Nature of (Im)Moral (In)Action

The title of Gray, Young, and Waytz’s article givesnotice that they are making grand claims, for they pro-fess to identify the “essence of morality.” The authorsdo not actually deal with the entire moral domain, butinstead focus only on immorality, and acknowledgethis in a brief footnote. The crux of their argument re-gardingimmoralityisthat“allmoraltransgressionsarefundamentally understood as agency plus experiencedsuffering – i.e., interpersonal harm” (p. 101).There are many ways to approach an evaluationof their claims; we’ve chosen to focus on forms of(im)morality rather than speciﬁc content. In this com-mentary we concern ourselves with both morality andimmorality. In doing so we contend that there are fourdistinct “quadrants” that compose the (im)moral do-main, and Gray et al. speciﬁcally address one of them.We then attempt to use their dyadic mind perceptionperspective to better understand the four distinct quad-rants. Although a thorough mapping of the forms ofmorality and immorality poses an important challengeto the Gray et al. claims, in the end we hope to demon-strate that they have provided a very valuable analy-sis of (im)morality; however, this conclusion rests ontweaking their argument in particular ways, as we dis-cuss next.
SU‐D‐116‐07: Detector Position and Gain Fluctuations Between Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Scanning

Purpose: To analyze the detector position and gain fluctuations between CBCT scanning modes using the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) method. Methods: A commercial on‐boared imager was used to collect projection images of a humanoid torso phantom and a Catphan 600 Quality Assurance phantom for 360 degree gantry rotation. Two CBCT imaging protocols were investigated: (A) the ‘full‐fan’ mode, i.e., the detector was fixed at the center position, and (B) the ‘half‐fan’ mode with the detector shifted 148mm toward the right side of the phantom. For each gantry angle of the ‘full‐fan’ collection, a corresponding projection image was interpolated for the ‘half‐fan’ collection using images of two neighboring gantry angles. The SIFT method was used to detect the shape features in the overlapping region of the projection images for the same gantry angle from each collection. The results were two groups of matching feature coordinates, from which two dimensional (2D) rigid (translation and rotation) transform matrices were derived. The horizontal shift, vertical shifts and rotation angles between the ‘full‐fan’ and ‘half‐fan’ collections were calculated as a function of gantry angle. The gain difference between the two modes were also estimated using the SIFT matching points. Results: Using the ‘full‐fan’ as the reference, the horizontal shifts, vertical shifts and rotation angles were 0.46±0.51 pixels, 0.29±0.34 pixels and 0.069±0.25 degrees for the torso phantom; and 0.25±3.38 pixels, 0.50±1.23 pixels 0.089±0.35 degrees for the CatPhan phantom. A systematic 3–4% gain fluctuation was also observed. Conclusion: There are small but detectable detector position differences and systematic gain variations between CBCT scanning modes, which might cause artifacts for panoramic CBCT that stitches together the projection images of different views to expand the reconstruction volume. The SIFT method can also be used as a software stitching tool to correct these errors. This work was partially supported by a DOD grant DOD W81XWH1010862
Long-Term Efficacy of Intra-Oral Surgery for Sialorrhea

Objectives To investigate the efficacy and quality of life impact of intra-oral surgery for sialorrhea and to provide long-term outcome measures. Methods A retrospective review and telephone survey of patients seen in a multi-disciplinary saliva control clinic who underwent surgery between 1999 and 2003. Results Sixteen of 31 patients underwent 4-duct ligation, 12 patients underwent submandibular gland duct ligation, and three patients underwent a 3-duct ligation procedure. The mean presurgical drooling score (maximum 10) was 9.5, 8.8, and 9, respectively. Recurrence was seen in 68% of patients at a mean of four months. Additional surgery was required in five patients. Phone survey was accomplished in 10 patients. Two of 10 caregivers reported sustained improvement of sialorrhea at two and three years. Conclusions Intra-oral surgery provides minimal long-term control of sialorrhea. Additional medical and surgical therapy was needed in a significant portion of patients in this long-term review.
The topology at infinity of Out(Fn)

We construct a bordification of Outer Space analogous to the Borel-Serre bordification of symmetric spaces. As an application, we show that Out(Fn) is (2n-5)-connected at infinity and that it is a virtual duality group of dimension 2n-3.
Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy of the P700- and Fx-containing Photosystem I core protein from Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 (Anacystis nidulans)

Time-resolved absorption difference profiles were obtained using one-color and two-color pump-probe techniques on the P700-containing core protein from the blue-green bacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301, which contains approx. 100 chlorophyll (Chl) a antenna pigments per reaction center. Excitation wavelengths in the two-color studies were 665 and 680 nm; probe wavelengths ranged from 650 to 676 nm. The isotropic absorption difference spectra show evidence for rapid equilibration among Chl a spectral forms in the core antenna. In addition, they exhibit a dynamic blue shift with lifetime ∼ 9–14 ps, which occurs irrespective of excitation wavelength. Analyses of isotropic profiles for different combinations of pump and probe wavelengths yield four families of lifetime components: < 5 ps, which is attributed to spectral equilibration; 9–14 ps; several tens of ps (observed at wavelengths longer than 665 nm); and at least several hundred ps (observed at probe wavelengths 650 and 657 nm under 665 nm excitation). Anisotropic decays observed with identical pump and probe wavelengths exhibit large-amplitude components with easily resolved lifetimes (∼ 15 ps and ∼ 7 ps at 665 and 670 nm, respectively). The initial anisotropies are < 0.4, indicating that much faster depolarization processes also occur in these one-color experiments. The two-color anisotropy functions tend to be dominated by unresolvably fast decay, suggesting that mainstream energy transfer steps in the core antenna occur on a subpicosecond time scale.
The filling of Long Bay: The legacy of a colonial past

Abstract Dredge and fill activities typically face strict scrutiny today as their negative impacts have become more fully understood. When filling is allowed, it is most often for a public purpose, such as an expanded port facility, and the public retains ownership of the filled lands. A dramatic exception to that pattern, however, has emerged in Long Bay, in the harbor of St Thomas, US Virgin Islands, where 7·5 acres of filled land were created in 1986 for an undisclosed purpose and ownership transferred to a private corporation. The legal basis for that transfer, a 1913 grant from the colonial government of Denmark, was challenged unsuccessfully by both citizen groups and the territorial legislature. Those challenges are examined in this paper in an effort to determine why they failed, and how future conflicts between the legacy of colonialism and contemporary coastal management can be resolved in favor of the public interest.
Trimming swept volumes

Abstract The trimming problem for swept volumes — concerning the excision of points ostensibly on the boundary that actually lie in the swept volume interior — is investigated in detail. Building upon several techniques that have appeared in the literature, efficient methods for both local and global trimming of swept volume are developed. These methods are shown to be computationally cost effective when combined with the sweep-envelope differential equation algorithm for the approximate calculation and graphical rendering of swept volumes for quite general objects and sweeps. Examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the trimming strategies.
Next generation of deformation models for the 2004 M9 Sumatra‐Andaman earthquake

[1] The 2004 M9 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake (SAE) ruptured the interface separating the subducting Indo-Australian plate from the overriding Burma plate. We construct finite element models (FEMs) that simulate deformation of the earthquake for a three-dimensional problem domain partitioned to account for the distribution of material properties of the subducting slab, forearc, volcanic arc, and backarc. We demonstrate a protocol-based approach for simulating coseismic deformation, in which FEMs are implemented in inverse models to estimate the fault-slip distribution of the SAE while simultaneously honoring the geologic complexity of the subduction zone. Results suggest that deformation prediction sensitivities attributed to neglecting the different material properties of the subduction zone can be more than an order of magnitude greater than reported uncertainties for near-field GPS measurements. The FEM-based techniques presented here allow for geologically satisfying deformation models that will advance the reliability of modeling-based assessments of coseismic and postseismic deformation, stress-coupling, and tsunami genesis.
Games with Incomplete Information Played by “Bayesian” Players Part II. Bayesian Equilibrium Points

Part I of this paper has described a new theory for the analysis of games with incomplete information. It has been shown that, if the various players' subjective probability distributions satisfy a certain mutual-consistency requirement, then any given game with incomplete information will be equivalent to a certain game with complete information, called the “Bayes-equivalent” of the original game, or briefly a “Bayesian game.” Part II of the paper will now show that any Nash equilibrium point of this Bayesian game yields a “Bayesian equilibrium point” for the original game and conversely. This result will then be illustrated by numerical examples, representing two-person zero-sum games with incomplete information. We shall also show how our theory enables us to analyze the problem of exploiting the opponent's erroneous beliefs. However, apart from its indubitable usefulness in locating Bayesian equilibrium points, we shall show it on a numerical example the Bayes-equivalent of a two-person cooperative game that the normal form of a Bayesian game is in many cases a highly unsatisfactory representation of the game situation and has to be replaced by other representations e.g., by the semi-normal form. We shall argue that this rather unexpected result is due to the fact that Bayesian games must be interpreted as games with “delayed commitment” whereas the normal-form representation always envisages a game with “immediate commitment.”
The gSOAP Toolkit for Web Services and Peer-to-Peer Computing Networks

This paper presents the gSOAP stub and skeleton compiler. The compiler provides a unique SOAP-to-C/C++ language binding for deploying C/C++ applications in SOAP Web Services, clients, and peer-to-peer computing networks. gSOAP enables the integratation of (legacy) C/C++/Fortran codes, embedded systems, and real-time software in Web Services, clients, and peers that share computational resources and information with other SOAP-enabled applications, possibly across different platforms, language environments, and disparate organizations located behind firewalls. Results on interoperability, legacy code integration, scalability, and performance are given.
Thermoelectric Properties of the cubic AgPb10SbTe12

AgPb10SbTe12 is one member of the cubic family of materials AgPbmSbTem+2, which adopts NaCl structure where Ag, Pb and Sb atoms occupy the Na site and Te atoms occupy the Cl site. Ingots of this compound were prepared by a solid state reaction for thermoelectric measurements. AgPb10SbTe12 is a narrow band gap semiconductor with Eg~0.26 eV. In order to optimize the ZT of this member, compositions with deficiency of Ag and Bi-substitution were examined and found to exhibit enhanced power factor at 300 K. The Bi-substituted ingot had ZT~0.39 at 300 K and ZT~0.68 at 400 K. Carrier concentration and the mobility measurements are reported.
Design and Evaluation of a Wireless Body Sensor System for Smart Home Health Monitoring

Advances in wireless sensor networks and embedded devices make it possible to develop new solutions for smart home health care at a low cost. This paper describes a wireless body sensor system that monitors physiological vital signs of a person while staying at home. Specifically, a waist-mounted triaxial accelerometer unit is used to record human movements. Sampled data are transmitted using an IEEE 802.15.4 wireless transceiver to a data logger unit. The acceleration measurement tests show that it is possible to classify different human motion through the acceleration reading. When IEEE 802.15.4 devices are used at home, there is interference from nearby IEEE 802.11 signals and microwave ovens. The data delivery performance, however, is found to be satisfactory and can be improved by selecting an appropriate channel. On the other hand, the wireless signal can be attenuated by housing materials, home appliances, and even plants. Therefore, the deployment of wireless body sensor systems at home needs to take these factors into consideration.
Acute Toxicity of Vomitoxin (Deoxynivalenol) in Broiler Chickens

Abstract Acute vomitoxicosis in broiler chicks was characterized by extensive ecchymotic hemorrhaging throughout the carcass, widespread deposition of urates, disturbance of the nervous system, and irritation of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The approximate oral LD50 dose for vomitoxin was 140 mg/kg, suggesting substantially lower toxicity than with aflatoxin or ochratoxin.
Polyamine involvement in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and autoimmunity

The polyamines: putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are ubiquitous polycations which have numerous, unique interactions in eukaryotic cells. Polyamines are essential for cell growth, with the bulk of polyamine expression co-ordinated with the cell cycle. The length, charge, and charge distribution of polyamines permit them to interact with large anionic molecules such as DNA, RNA, and phospholipids. Here, a mechanism is proposed whereby cell cycle expression of polyamines at the start of S phase leads to disruption of transcription and splicing, giving priority to DNA and histone synthesis. Inappropriate initiation of this process in non-viable cells leads to apoptosis and may be an underlying cause of autoimmunity.
Migraine, patent foramen ovale and cardiovascular risks.

A new analysis of data from the Physicians' Health Study [1] suggests that migraine may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men. The same group previously reported a similar increase in risk for major CVD in women with migraine with aura, analyzing data from the Women's Health Study [2]. The authors proposed several mechanisms supporting a biological link between migraine and CVD. Although the association between migraine and patent foramen ovale (PFO) in both women and men was mentioned, the authors dismissed it as an unlikely explanation [1,2]. The fact that PFO may cause paradoxical embolism into either the cerebral or coronary circulation has been well established [3]. When paradoxical embolism occurs in the cerebral circulation, it results in an ischemic stroke. When paradoxical embolism occurs in the coronary circulation, it results in an acute myocardial infarction [3–9]. Such a link is well supported by the finding in the Physicians' Health Study that migraine was associated with increased risk of major CVD which was largely driven by increased risk of myocardial infarction [1]. Migraine has been associated with release of vasoactive neuropeptides which normally will be filtered out in the lungs but could pass through a PFO. Thus a lower dose of trigger substances would be needed to induce migraine, because paradoxical embolism via a right-to-left shunt by way of the PFO permits the lung filter to be bypassed [10,11]. Therefore, paradoxical embolism into the cerebral circulation may cause not only strokes but also migraine, particularly migraine with aura [11]. Percutaneous closure of PFO, which is now preferred to surgical closure [12], has been shown to reduce the fre-
Representations of odor plume flux are accentuated deep within the moth brain

Odor space, the representation of odor quality in the insect brain, is known to be optimally resolved when lateral inhibitory pathways are functioning normally. A new study published in the Journal of Biology now shows that odor time resolution also depends on the normal functioning of such pathways.
8pter–p23 Deletion Is Associated with Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Outcome

Deletions of chromosome sequences mapping to the short arm of chromosome 8 have been observed frequently in a variety of human cancers. A small number of studies have suggested that the terminal portion of the short arm of chromosome 8, 8pter-p23, may be deleted independently of other portions of 8p in human tumors, and that deletion of the 8pter-p23 region may be correlated with poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to physically define the minimal region of 8pter-p23 deletion and to define the frequency and prognostic significance of 8pter-p23 loss in human prostate tumors. DNA was purified from normal and tumor tissues of 45 radical prostatectomy specimens and amplified for 15 highly polymorphic microsatellite sequences, 13 spanning 8pter-p23 and 2 proximal 8p markers. Allelic loss of 8p sequences was observed in 28 of 45 (62%) tumors examined. Of these, approximately half (12 of 28; 43%) demonstrated independent loss of the 8pter-p23 region, with several tumors defining a 5-cM minimal region of deletion spanning D8S264-D8S1824-D8S1781-D8S262-D8S1798. When serum prostate-specific antigen was used as a surrogate end point marker for survival, 8pter-p23 loss was significantly associated with reduced disease-free progression (log-rank P = 0.0426). Moreover, loss of the 8pter-p23 region was significantly associated with poor survival for American Caucasian (log-rank P = 0.0024) but not African-American (log-rank P = 0.5832) prostate cancer patients. These studies suggest that independent deletion of 8pter-p23 is differentially associated with disease recurrence and poor outcome in American Caucasian but not African-American prostate cancer patients.
Selective Interaction Between Lymphocytes and Lipid A Subunits in Lipopolysaccharide Macromolecular Aggregates

The interaction between bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and murine spleen cells was examined. The results indicate that lipid A-rich subunits, contained within the heterogeneous LPS macromolecule, associated selectively with spleen cells. In the LPS not associated with spleen cells, the relative amounts of lipid A-rich subunits were reduced; however, this reduction was not of a sufficient magnitude to be reflected in the stimulation of B cells. By constructing hybrid LPS macromolecules with various amounts of lipid A-rich subunits it was documented that mitogenic activity of B cells was relatively refractory to lipid A subunit composition. Furthermore, the presence of polysaccharide-rich subunits regulated downward the expression of lipid A-dependent activity.
Hard Choices Or Obvious Ones: Developing Policy for Excluding Youth From Juvenile Court

This article examines the various ways in which youth that are charged with criminal behavior are excluded from the juvenile court process and are prosecuted instead in criminal court. The first objective of this work is to eliminate the confusion and misrepresentations concerning exclusion that have dominated the juvenile justice literature. Suggestions are offered as to how this material should be conceptualized and organized so as to avoid these problems. The second objective is to develop a rationale for exclusion that can serve as a foundation from which to develop sound exclusion policy. The strengths and weaknesses of the potential policy stands on exclusion are examined, and the article concludes with an explanation of the desirability of the selective exclusion of serious and chronic offenders from juvenile court.
On the boredom of science: positional astronomy in the nineteenth century

To those not engaged in the practice of scientific research, or telling the story of this enterprise, the image of empirical observation may conjure up images of boredom more than anything else. Yet surprisingly, the profoundly uninteresting nature of research to many science workers and readers in history has received little attention. This paper seeks to examine one moment of encroaching boredom: nineteenth-century positional astronomy as practised at leading observatories. Though possibly a coincidence, this new form of astronomical observation arose only a few decades before the English term ‘boredom’, for which the Oxford English Dictionary has no record prior to 1850. Through examining forms of observatory labour and publications, I offer in this paper an example of how boring work and reading helped shape a scientific discipline.
Religion, Psychopathology, and Therapy

This chapter reviews the nature of religion from anthropological, sociological, and psychiatric perspectives. Religious delusions are not rare in psychotic disorders and may be present in as many as 10 to 15% of patients hospitalized with schizophrenia. Singer in 1979 identified specific cult-related emotional problems with which ex-members had to cope during their reentry into society. Among them were blurring of mental acuity with indecisiveness, cognitive inefficience and uncritical passivity, due to which they accepted almost everything they heard and took simple remarks of others as commands. Religion may also have certain positive elements from the standpoint of mental health. Frequent claims are made, particularly by those who are devoted to religions, that religious beliefs are beneficial to mental health, providing faith, hope, and calm to a person's mind. Various studies have found that higher levels of religious commitment are associated with enhanced feelings of well-being and a lower prevalence of mental illness. Religion has also been identified as a potential buffer against stress and religious commitment also often plays a role in reducing suicide rates. In ordinary psychotherapy, therapists need to consider patients' religious beliefs, particularly in multiethnic and multireligious societies and should respect the patient's beliefs, whether spiritual or atheistic, rather than imposing his or her views and judgements arising from his or her own religious views and attitudes.
A discursive construction of teasing in football fandom: The context of the South-Western Nigerian viewing center:

Previous research on the linguistics of football fandom has said little on the value of teasing in this popular public space. This qualitative study, however, highlights the discourse of teasing as realized by Nigerian fans of the English Premier League (EPL), from a pragmatic perspective. In all, 12 teases or teasing expressions, ascribed three judgmental values – positive, neutral, and negative – as assigned by both the teaser and the teased are identified and analyzed. It is discovered that when other-directed, the tease is usually either neutral or negative, but when self-directed, the tease is either neutral or positive. First, I observe that fans often use a tease when their team is in a position of advantage. Second, the teaser–target relationship is ever-fluid: the teasers could become the targets at any time during the course of a match, depending on the in situ performance of the teams playing the game. I argue that despite the face threats expressed by most of the teases, the performance of tea...
Filling in the Gaps: Deciphering the Function of Noncoding DNA

### Study Hypothesis Less than 2% of human DNA codes for proteins, whereas the vast majority of DNA in the human genome consists of sequences with unknown function. A substantial portion of the noncoding sequences harbors regulatory motifs important for gene expression. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest that the majority of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with human traits and diseases are found in noncoding genomic regions, potentially involving regulatory elements. The critical role of distal regulatory elements, that is, enhancers, is highlighted in GWAS of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) showing that 70–80% of regulatory variants are found at large distances from protein-coding genes. In this report, May et al1 generated a genome-wide catalogue of enhancers from human myocardium. As it is well established that sequence variations in a noncoding regulatory sequence can lead to abnormal gene expression, mapping of the genomic coordinates of enhancers in a given tissue is the first step toward elucidating the function of these noncoding DNA sequences and …
Isomerically Pure syn-Anthradithiophenes: Synthesis, Properties, and FET Performance

The synthesis of isomerically pure syn-anthradithiophene derivatives (syn-ADTs) is described. X-ray crystallography is used to compare the solid-state arrangement of syn-ADT derivatives 2a,b to the analogous mixture of syn- and anti-ADTs. Single-crystal OFETs based on isomerically pure syn-ADTs 2a,b display device performance comparable to those based on a mixture of ADT isomers syn/anti-2a,b with mobilities as high as 1 cm(2)/(V s).
Sedimentary Characteristics of Guantao Formation In ShuyI Area

On the basis of core observation, with the help of the analysis of single well sedimentary facies, characteristica of rock types andcommposition,heavy mineral component, particle size parameter,sedimentary types and structures etc. of Guantao formation in Shuyi area are summarized, by interwell correlation of the whole area. It is considered that in the studied area the coarse clastic rock of Guantao formation is alluvial fan sediment of semiarid-humid environment or mainly of humid climate, thus the microfacies type and sedimentary mode of alluvial fan under the semiarid-humid environment of Guantao formation are summarised.
Distinct patterns of Cas9 mismatch tolerance in vitro and in vivo

Cas9, a CRISPR-associated RNA-guided nuclease, has been rapidly adopted as a tool for biochemical and genetic manipulation of DNA. Although complexes between Cas9 and guide RNAs (gRNAs) offer remarkable specificity and versatility for genome manipulation, mis-targeted events occur. To extend the understanding of gRNA::target homology requirements, we compared mutational tolerance for a set of Cas9::gRNA complexes in vitro and in vivo (in Saccharomyces cerevisiae). A variety of gRNAs were tested with variant libraries based on four different targets (with varying GC content and sequence features). In each case, we challenged a mixture of matched and mismatched targets, evaluating cleavage activity on a wide variety of potential target sequences in parallel through high-throughput sequencing of the products retained after cleavage. These experiments evidenced notable and consistent differences between in vitro and S. cerevisiae (in vivo) Cas9 cleavage specificity profiles including (i) a greater tolerance for mismatches in vitro and (ii) a greater specificity increase in vivo with truncation of the gRNA homology regions.
Severe brain injury rehabilitation. What's going to happen after critical care.

Mortality and disability outcomes from severe brain injury (SBI) are reviewed. Information on diagnostic and prognostic indicators for emergence from coma is provided. The current prognostication regarding emergence from coma is presented. The assessment of level of consciousness for prognostic purposes is outlined. Finally, recommendations for therapeutic interventions based on prognosis are given.
Emotions in Context-Aware Recommender Systems

Recommender systems are decision aids that offer users personalized suggestions for products and other items. Context-aware recommender systems are an important subclass of recommender systems that take into account the context in which an item will be consumed or experienced. In context-aware recommendation research, a number of contextual features have been identified as important in different recommendation applications: such as companion in the movie domain, time and mood in the music domain, and weather or season in the travel domain. Emotions have also been demonstrated to be significant contextual factors in a variety of recommendation scenarios. In this chapter, we describe the role of emotions in context-aware recommendation, including defining and acquiring emotional features for recommendation purposes, incorporating such features into recommendation algorithms. We conclude with a sample evaluation , showing the utility of emotion in recommendation generation.
Manganese and Selenium

Overview • Mn ++ is associated with a wide variety of mammalian enzymes, including carboxylases, dehydrogenases, and transferases.
Computational modelling of wafer cooldown in a staging module

It is investigated how long it will take to cool down a batch of wafers from 600 to 70 °C in a so-called staging module. Different approaches are followed to estimate the time scale of the cooldown process, from simple analytical approximations to a numerical grid-based model. The numerical model describes both unsteady-state and steady-state heat transfer in an axisymmetric geometry, taking into account conduction and radiation. Water cooling and free (convective and radiative) cooling have been considered.
Ansel Adams and the American Landscape: A Biography

Ansel Adams created dramatic and influential photographs renowned for their classic and awe-inspiring beauty. His evocative still lifes became icons of the environmental movement and introduced the general public to photography as art. Despite this, Adams is one of the least studied of 20th-century artists. This text aims to put the photographer in context, as a craftsman in a new field and a pioneer in environmental activism, and as a man tackling the question of how art and nature intersect in the modern world.
Effectiveness of Guideline-Recommended Cholecystectomy to Prevent Recurrent Pancreatitis

OBJECTIVES:Cholecystectomy during or within 4 weeks of hospitalization for acute biliary pancreatitis is recommended by guidelines. We examined adherence to the guidelines for incident mild-to-moderate acute biliary pancreatitis and the effectiveness of cholecystectomy to prevent recurrent episodes
Further Studies of the Properties of Rhenium Metal

The thermoelectric behavior of the Pt—Pt-Re thermocouple and the resistance of rhenium to attack by certain molten metals is discussed. In addition, data are presented on the stress-rupture behavior of drawn wire, the tensile characteristics of rolled sheet, the variation of Young’s modulus with temperature, and the effect of specimen size and fabrication method on the work hardenability. Mechanical properties of thoriated rhenium are discussed. This includes data on the effect of thoria in rhenium on tensile properties, ductility, work hardening, and recrystallization.
Jeannette Rankin’s Democratic Errand to Washington

ABSTRACTIn this essay, I argue that Jeannette Rankin’s 1917 address at Carnegie Hall recast a religious rhetorical form—the Puritan errand—for the democratic needs of the early twentieth century. Rankin’s “democratic errand” positioned the American West as a place that nurtured the truths of democracy and could help purge the nation of its political sins.