cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of HCF in the CH stretch region.

We present the results from a high-resolution infrared study of jet-cooled singlet monofluorocarbene (HCF) in the CH stretch region near 2600 cm−1. Absorption signals are recorded using near quantum shot noise limited laser absorption methods. The fully resolved absorption spectra of the CH stretch (ν1) fundamental band and a partial progression of transitions of the HCF bend plus CF stretch (ν2 + ν3) combination band are observed and show clear evidence of a strong rovibrational coupling between the ν1 Ka′ = 2 and ν2 + ν3 Ka′ = 3 manifolds, including the observation of “dark state” transitions. A detailed perturbation analysis of a c-type Coriolis interaction is carried out for these two coupled vibrational states, providing experimental determination of precise rovibrational constants. A combined ground state combination difference fit of the transitions to the ν1 and ν2 + ν3 vibrational states in this study with previously reported LIF A(0,0,0) ← X(0,0,0) data has been done to increase the accuracy of the ground state rotational constants [M. Kakimoto et al., J. Mol. Spec. 88, 300–310 (1981)]. Moreover, we report, for the first time, hot band (ν1 + ν3 ← ν3) transitions due to vibrationally excited HCF in the CF stretch mode, ν3. The high-resolution results for all vibrational frequencies and rotational constants are in good agreement with and significantly extend the analysis of the rovibrational manifold of HCF. The present ground state and ν3 spectroscopic parameters now permit improved predictions for pure rotational and ν3 fundamental transitions to aid spectral searches for HCF in the laboratory and the interstellar medium.We present the results from a high-resolution infrared study of jet-cooled singlet monofluorocarbene (HCF) in the CH stretch region near 2600 cm−1. Absorption signals are recorded using near quantum shot noise limited laser absorption methods. The fully resolved absorption spectra of the CH stretch (ν1) fundamental band and a partial progression of transitions of the HCF bend plus CF stretch (ν2 + ν3) combination band are observed and show clear evidence of a strong rovibrational coupling between the ν1 Ka′ = 2 and ν2 + ν3 Ka′ = 3 manifolds, including the observation of “dark state” transitions. A detailed perturbation analysis of a c-type Coriolis interaction is carried out for these two coupled vibrational states, providing experimental determination of precise rovibrational constants. A combined ground state combination difference fit of the transitions to the ν1 and ν2 + ν3 vibrational states in this study with previously reported LIF A(0,0,0) ← X(0,0,0) data has been done to increase the accuracy of...
A Multiannual Record of Gravity Wave Activity in Mars's Lower Atmosphere from On-Planet Observations by the Mars Climate Sounder.

Abstract Gravity waves in Mars’s atmosphere strongly affect the general circulation as well as middle atmospheric cloud formation, but the climatology and sources of gravity waves in the lower atmosphere remain poorly understood. At Earth, the statistical variance in satellite observations of thermal emission above the instrumental noise floor has been used to enable measurement of gravity wave activity at a global scale. Here is presented an analysis of variance in calibrated radiance at 15 . 4 μ m (635–665 cm−1) from off-nadir and nadir observations by the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) on board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO); a major expansion in the observational data available for validating models of Martian gravity wave activity. These observations are sensitive to gravity waves at 20–30 km altitude with wavelength properties ( λ h =10–100 km, λ z > 5 km) that make them likely to affect the dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere. We find that: (1) strong, moderately intermittent gravity wave activity is scattered over the tropical volcanoes and throughout the middle to high latitudes of both hemispheres during fall and winter, (2) gravity wave activity noticeably departs from climatology during regional and global dust storms; and (3) strong, intermittent variance is observed at night in parts of the southern tropics during its fall/winter, but frequent CO 2 ice clouds prevents unambiguous attribution to GW activity. The spatial distribution of wave activity is consistent with topographic sources being dominant, but contributions from boundary layer convection and other convective processes are possible.
Emerging memories as enablers for in-memory layout transformation acceleration and virtualization

Recent works have shown that certain classes of emerging memory technologies lend themselves to organizations that offer equally dense access support for patterns with multiple strides, such as row-column memories. However, with few exceptions, these prior works have only considered such multi-orientation memories (MOMs) and MOM-caching techniques in the context of traditional processor architectures. In this work, we explore the potential for leveraging the capabilities of MOMs to present multiple concurrent views of data organization within the memory hierarchy as a means to offload and overlap inter-kernel marshalling, a range of data layout transformations, and even lazy construction of derivative data structures to work performed by the MOM-capable memories and caches themselves. We demonstrate the potential of MOM-offloading to improve performance and reduce data movement for select computation patterns and describe the application of the approach to broader classes of processing in memory workloads.
The joy and duty of a marginal teratologist

On the occasion of this anniversary of the Society for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, I accept the invitation to offer personal reflections on the earlier days of the Society and the importance of the discipline. My focus is on what few contributions I have offered, but more, on the value of having the teratologist's perspective on other aspects of my career in medical genetics and genetic epidemiology. Treating my professional life as a development biologist (of which teratologists are a breed), I recount the institutions I have been at, but more importantly, the people I have been influenced by, more often than not accomplished teratologists. The one big thought I wish to leave is the primacy and criticality of being mentored and mentoring at ALL stages of a career.
Post-folding magnetization of the Triassic rocks from western Guizhou and southern Yunnan provinces: New evidence for large clockwise rotations in the Simao Terrane

Abstract Thermal demagnetization of the redbed samples collected from the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation at two localities in western Guizhou Province reveals that the natural remanent magnetization was dominated by a postfolding component of probably recent origin and the prefolding, possibly primary, component was barely preserved. This confirms that the Feixianguan Fm in western Guizhou and northeastern Yunnan provinces was severely remagnetized. Thermal demagnetization also resolves two postfolding components from the limestone samples of the Mid-Triassic Dashuijingshan Formation from southern Yunnan Province: a low temperature component acquired in recent times and a high temperature component probably acquired shortly after the India–Asia collision. The mean in-situ direction for the high temperature component based on eighteen sites is D = 95.4 ° , I = 28.4 ° with α 95 = 6.2 ° , which indicates a clockwise rotation of 86.3 ± 7.3 ° with respect to stable Eurasia. This result together with paleomagnetic results previously reported from the Jurassic–Eocene rocks in the same area demonstrates beyond reasonable doubt that the central Simao Terrane has experienced large clockwise rotations due to the India's collision with, and continuing penetration into, Asia.
Pursuing Diversity: From Education to Employment

A central pillar of the Supreme Court’s educational affirmative-action jurisprudence is that the pedagogical benefits of being educated with students from diverse backgrounds are sufficiently “compelling” to justify some degree of race-conscious selection in university admissions. This essay argues that the blanket permission to advance educational diversity, defensible or not, should not be extended to employment. The purpose of the workplace is not pedagogical. Rather, employees are hired and paid to do a job, deliver a service, produce a product, and complete specified tasks efficiently and effectively. Whether race-conscious practices for the purpose of creating a more diverse workforce will enhance the functioning and economic viability of a particular organization cannot be assumed. Such claims must be carefully evaluated on a case-by-case basis by considering the costs as well as the benefits of deviating from race-blind methods.
High- T C Superconductivity in Hydrogen Clathrates Mediated by Coulomb Interactions Between Hydrogen and Central-Atom Electrons

The uniquely characteristic macrostructures of binary hydrogen-clathrate compounds MHn formed at high pressure, a cage of hydrogens surrounding a central-atom host, is theoretically predicted in various studies to include structurally stable phonon-mediated superconductors. High superconductive transition temperatures TC have thus far been measured for syntheses with M = La, Y, and Th. In compressed LaH10, independent studies report TC of 250 K and over 260 K, a maximum in TC with pressure P, and normal-state resistance scaling with temperature (suggesting unconventional pairing). According to reported band structure calculations of Fm $$ \overline{3} $$ m-phase LaH10, the La is anionic, with the chemical valence electrons appearing evenly split between La and H10. Thus, compressed LaH10 contains the combination of structure, charge separation, and optimal balanced allocation of valence electrons for supporting unconventional high-TC superconductivity mediated by Coulomb interactions between electronic charges associated with La and H10. A general expression for the optimal superconducting transition temperature for MHn clathrates is derived as TC0 = kB−1Λ[(n + v)/2A]1/2e2/ζ, where Λ is a universal constant, (n + v) is the chemical valence sum per formula unit, taking unity for H and v for atom M, A is the surface area of the H-polyhedron cage, and ζ is the mean distance between the M site and the centroids of the polyhedron faces. Applied to Fm $$ \overline{3} $$ m LaH10, TC0 values of 249.8(1.3) K and 260.7(2.0) K are found for the two experiments. Associated attributes of charge allocation, structure, effective Coulomb potential, and H-D isotope effect in TC of Fm $$ \overline{3} $$ m LaH10 and Im $$ \overline{3} $$ m H3S are discussed, along with a generalized prospective for Coulomb-mediated superconductivity in MHn.
Introduction: Symposium on Serene J. Khader’s Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic

This symposium brings together commentaries on Serene J. Khader’s Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic from Linda Martin Alcoff, Sunaina Arya, and Olufẹ'mi O. Taiwo with a repl...
Treatment age and neurocognitive outcomes following proton beam radiotherapy for pediatric low- and intermediate-grade gliomas.

The relationship between age and neurocognitive functioning following proton beam radiotherapy (PRT) in low- and intermediate-grade gliomas (LIGG) has yet to be examined. Eighteen LIGG patients treated with PRT were prospectively enrolled and received annual neurocognitive evaluations of perceptual/verbal reasoning, working memory, and processing speed postradiotherapy. The median age at diagnosis was 8.2 years (range 1.0-14.7) and the median age at PRT was 9.9 years (range 4.2-17.0). Patients' neurocognitive performance did not change on any measure following PRT (p ≥ .142). We did not observe significant changes in cognitive function over time among a small group of LIGG patients treated with PRT.
The environmental geopolitics of allocation: State power and institutional stability in Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna management

Abstract Geopolitical contests over oceanic space and resources commonly manifest in inter-state resource management bodies. That ocean spaces and resources defy a territorial conception of the nation-state means that the environmental geopolitics that emerge are shaped by the nature of oceans and oceans resources. In this context, allocation is among the most pressing and contentious tasks that inter-state bodies managing transboundary resources face as they carve up and distribute access to valuable, shared resources. This paper examines the allocation of highly migratory, and highly valuable, Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna to contribute to understanding of state power and institutional stability in transboundary resource management. Drawing on observation of an allocation negotiation and historical allocation patterns, the analysis animates and extends critical property scholarship to develop an environmental geopolitics of allocation. Findings reveal that states form, contest and maintain power by making claims based not only on rights, but also on duties that they perform to the benefit of other states in collective management. Powerful states also make concessions in the allocation process, giving up some historical rights in order to stabilize the multilateral body that enables their dominance in the fishery. Given new and renewed interest in managing shared species, spaces and resources in the oceans and beyond, viewing allocation through the lens of property reveals state power as expressed through a combination of rights and duties between states bound together in management by the materiality of transboundary and mobile natures.
Democracy, Thucydides, China or Ideology?

A confused idea of Greek history has become a policy concept for many Anglo-American politicians and journalists. Based on an article by historian Graham Allison1, the idea asserts that in any historical context, a rising economic region or nation will come into military conflict with the earlier social entities. Allison argues that he extracts this idea from the historian Thucydides and that this was the underlying cause of the Peloponnesian Wars. This is an incorrect assertion and gross distortion of Greek history. Such deterministic ideas are simplistic and dangerous if they become models for policy. Athens was a mercantilist political entity that extended its power by conquest creating an empire. Sparta was an agriculturalist polity that formed alliances to balance Athens’ aggression. The nature of power and how it is used is key to understanding history, and in the case of Athens, power led to aggression, conquest and challenge. The current political situation, especially with China, is discussed in this paper as well as the effects of colonialism.
Evaluation of an automated method for blood grouping in the military service: a system analysis.

Abstract : The study was designed to evaluate an automated system of blood grouping and apply it to the identification of blood types of newly inducted recruits in accordance with provisions of AR 40-3. Its purpose was to extend information on the accuracy of the system, and its reliability. It was also designed to assess the cost--both in supplies and personnel. An 8-channel AutoAnalyzer was employed with both standard and experimental antisera. The results were analyzed in accordance with the objectives. The results indicate that the system is highly reliable, being virtually error-free, provided an appropriate sample is obtained for analysis. It is believed that the employment of this system will provide the US Army with a highly reliable, practical method for implementing the requirements of AR 40-3. The system appears clearly to be more cost-effective than one utilizing manual methods alone.
Engine Idle Combustion Stability Evaluation Using Calibration Parameters

Vehicle idle quality has become an increasing quality concern for automobile manufacturers because of its impact on customer satisfaction. As demand for better fuel economy increases, automobile manufacturers are continuously looking for any benefits from different driving conditions. One area is lowering the idle speed at both drive and neutral idles. This typically has adverse impact on vehicle idle quality for the two reasons. First, lowering the idle speed generally degrades the engine combustion stability, which typically increases the excitation forces (0.5 th , 1.0 th , 1.5 th , etc combustion torques). Second, lowering idle speed will cause modal alignment issues (i.e. combustion and inertia forces align with Powertrain rigid body modes, body modes, etc.). NVH development engineers have been requesting for an easy and quick way to measure engine combustion stability, which can help them to understand the contributions to their idle quality issues from different factors and evaluate the count measures for the fixing.
The dysfunctional and the neoplastic: Clinical investigation in the service of patient care in endometrial cancer☆☆☆

Abstract The dynamism of the endometrium and the increasing problem of endometrial cancer invite concern with the unresolved problems of its diagnosis and treatment. Investigation of these problems, including: (1) precursors, (2) virulence and staging, (3) arterial modalities of treatment, (4) hormone sensitivity, and (5) epidemiology, has made a significant contribution to the welfare of patients with this disease, and modern technology should allow us to accelerate this benefit.
Cyclic changes in the physical and chemical properties of cervical mucus.

Abstract Cervical mucus at midcycle is increased in amount, acellularity, water content, and fluidity. Furthermore, cervical mucus at this time is well supplied with carbohydrate and presumably amino acids. From a teleologic standpoint, we may conclude that because of these characteristics the sperm, on deposition in the vagina, find an environment propitious for their nutrition and migration through the cervical canal.
Into the White: Larry Eigner’s Meta-Physical Poetics

Disabled poet Larry Eigner makes striking use of the space of the page to create poetry that operates in a visual as well as linguistic register. Many critics have read Eigner’s oeuvre in light of his physical condition, but no scholar has previously looked to the parallels between the Black Mountain artists’ experiments in abstraction and Black Mountain poet Larry Eigner’s work, though the same influences are clearly evident. Working collaboratively and interdisciplinarily, the authors combine their expertise in the disciplines of literature and art history, reading both the words on the page and the page as picture, in a manner that engages specifically with phenomenological philosophy, to explicate how these poems work on the body of the reader. Key words: embodiment, abstraction, poetics, typography, metaphysics, phenomenology
Integrated cyber-physical fault injection for reliability analysis of the smart grid

The term "Smart Grid" broadly describes emerging power systems whose physical operation is managed by significant intelligence. The cyber infrastructure providing this intelligence is composed of power electronics devices that regulate the flow of power in the physical portion of the grid. Distributed software is used to determine the appropriate settings for these devices. Failures in the operation of the Smart Grid can occur due to malfunctions in physical or cyber (hardware or software) components. This paper describes the use of fault injection in identifying failure scenarios for the Smart Grid. Software faults are injected to represent failures in the cyber infrastructure. Physical failures are concurrently represented, creating integrated cyber-physical failure scenarios that differentiate this work from related studies. The effect of these failure scenarios is studied in two cases: with and without fault detection in the distributed software. The paper concludes by utilizing the information gained to refine and improve the accuracy of the quantitative reliability model presented in our earlier work.
Extracting News Sentiment and Establishing Its Relationship with the SaP 500 Index

Sentiment analysis has been shown to be a useful tool for quantitative analysis in the world of finance. Researchers have shown that the sentiment picked up from the news media can be correlated with movement of the stock market. Here we use the Harvard General Inquirer to determine the sentiment present in Reuter's articles. After first generating positive and negative sentiment data we use the Kalman filter for smoothing. We then establish a correlation between the movement of the SaP 500 and sentiment. The results indicate that correlations between the sentiment in the news and the SaP index are strong for five of the seven years analyzed.
Multilevel modular converter with reduced device count for hybrid and electric vehicle

This paper presents a low cost multilevel modular switched capacitor dc-dc converter for high power and high voltage conversion ratio application with reduced device count. The switching devices number of the traditional multilevel modular switched capacitor dc-dc converter is increasing fast with the increase of conversion ratio. Large number of switching devices means more gate drive circuit, more complex and higher cost. The proposed circuit has low device number, low device voltage stress and current stress. The proposed circuit also inherits the modular structure, simple control, low conduction loss, high switching frequency operation capability, and soft switching features from the traditional multilevel modular switched capacitor dc-dc converter. Therefore, a high voltage conversion ratio switched capacitor dc-dc converter with low cost and simple structure can be built using the proposed circuit. Simulation results are provided to validate the operating principle and features of the circuit.
Silicon Valley Light

June Anne English-Lueck. Cultures@SiliconValley. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. viii. 202 pp.
Powered by Gas—A Ligand for a Fruit Fly Nuclear Receptor

The difficulty in identifying ligands for nuclear hormone receptors remains an obstacle to understanding their function. For example, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, only one of its nuclear receptors has a known ligand. In this issue of Cell, Reinking et al. (2005) report that the fruit fly E75 nuclear receptor contains heme in its ligand binding pocket and that the oxidation state of this molecule controls E75 activity. They also show that E75-heme responds to the small diatomic gases, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. This study sheds light on how heme, gas signaling, and nuclear receptors interact to control metabolic and developmental pathways.
Delayed acute renal failure in post-transplant period in young children from unexplained etiology.

This report describes six young children (5 male) who developed delayed acute renal failure (DARF) in the early post-kidney-transplant (Tx) period in the absence of acute rejection (AR) or other diagnosable conditions. These young children, aged 16.5 ± 3.1 (12–21) months [mean ± SD, (range)] and weighing 8.5 ± 1.7 (7.1 – 11.4) kg received a primary renal Tx (5 living-related donor, 1 cadaver) between 1984 and 1992. Immunosuppression included prednisone, azathioprine, and Minnesota antilymphocyte globulin (MALG, n = 5); one patient received cyclosporine and no MALG. Initially, all patients had good urine output (UO). They became systemically ill and abruptly developed diminished UO on post-operative day (POD) 6.5 ± 1 (4 – 8). DARF was accompanied by fever (39.1 – 40.4°C, n = 6), thrombocytopenia (platelets 20,000/mm3, n = 4 or <1,000/mm3, n = 1). Four patients had diarrhea. Three had ascites and one was surgically explored for suspected urinary leak. None showed significant urinary obstruction by renal ultrasound. Renograms showed intact blood flow. Renal biopsy showed tubular ectasia (n = 6), vascular congestion (n = 5), focal glomerular endothelial swelling (n = 4), and capillary thrombi (n = 3). None showed AR. Five patients required dialysis for 11 ± 4 (7 – 15) days. All patients survived. One patient, treated for suspected AR with the monoclonal antibody OKT3, developed shock and lost her graft on POD 12 due to vascular thrombosis. Renal functional recovery in the remaining five patients took 14 ± 5 (6 – 20) days and their serum creatinine at discharge was 0.7 ± 0.5 (0.3 – 1.6) mg/dl. We report DARF from undetermined etiology occurring in the first 2 weeks of renal Tx in young children. Treatment is supportive care including dialysis. Recognition of this complication will help avoid risky investigations or unnecessary treatment for rejection.
Comparison of different structural foot types for measures of standing postural control.

Study Design Matched group comparison of 3 subject groups with 3 different foot structures for force plate and clinical measures of postural control. Objectives To determine if subjects with different weight-bearing foot structure would demonstrate differences in static standing postural control, and to determine the reliability of study procedures. Background Weight-bearing foot structure may influence postural control either because of a decreased base of support (supinated foot structure) or because of passive instability of the joints of the foot (pronated foot structure). Methods and Measures Young adults were categorized based on weight-bearing foot structure into neutral, pronated, or supinated groups (15 subjects per group). Postural control in single-limb stance with eyes closed was assessed using force plate measures and by measuring duration of single-limb stance on a firm floor and on a balance pad. Force plate measures were normalized center-of-pressure average speed; and standard deviation a...
Preliminary report of the committee on phototherapy in the newborn infant

The Committee was established at the recommendation of the ad hoc committee on the effects of light on the newborn infant with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council, acting in behalf of the National Academy of Sciences. Such an approval reflects the Board's judgment that the project is of national importance and appropriate with respect to both the purpose and the resources of the National Research Council. The report has been reviewed by an independent group of qualified scientists according to procedures established and monitored by the Report Review Committee of the National Academy of Sciences. This report represents the work and opinions of the Committee members and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the members of the National Academy of Sciences.
One-bond (1dJH-H) and three-bond (3dJX-M) spin-spin coupling constants across X-H...H-M dihydrogen bonds

In our continuing effort to identify NMR spin-spin coupling constants as fingerprints for hydrogen bond type and use these to obtain structural information, EOM-CCSD calculations have been performed to determine one-bond ( 1 d J H - H ) and three-bond ( 3 d J X - M ) spin-spin coupling constants across X-H...H-M dihydrogen bonds for complexes with 1 3 C- 1 H, 1 5 N- 1 H, and 1 7 O- 1 H proton-donor groups and proton-acceptor metal hydrides 7 Li- 1 H and 2 3 Na- 1 H. Unlike two-bond spin-spin coupling constants across N-H-N, N-H-O, O-H-O, and Cl-H-N hydrogen bonds that are determined solely by the Fermi-contact term, 1 d J H - H receives nonnegligible contributions from the paramagnetic spin-orbit and diamagnetic spin-orbit terms. However, these terms tend to cancel, so that the curve for the distance dependence of 1 d J H - H is determined by the distance dependence of the Fermi-contact term. The value of 1 d J H - H is dependent on the nature of the proton donor and proton acceptor, and the relative orientation of the bonded pair. Hence, it would be difficult to extract structural information from experimentally measured coupling constants unless EOM-CCSD calculations were performed on a model complex that closely resembles the experimental complex. 3 d J C - L i values for the equilibrium structures of seven linear complexes stabilized by C-H...H-Li bonds are dependent on C-Li distances, and are also sensitive to structural changes which remove any one of these four atoms from the dihydrogen bond. 3 d J O - M for the complexes HOH:HLi and HOH:HNa exhibit unusual behavior as a function of the O-M distance, increasing with increasing distance through a change of sign, reaching a maximum, and then subsequently decreasing.
A Statistical Model to Predict Pesticide Penetration Through Nonwoven Chemical Protective Fabrics

The effects of the liquid/fabric surface tension difference, solid volume fraction of fabrics, fabric thickness, and viscosity of pesticide mixture on pesticide penetration of nonwoven fabrics are ...
Cultural Diversity: Implications for Collaboration

The changing demography of the United States is presenting new challenges for all aspects of society. The purpose of this article is to explore the implications of an increasingly diverse school po...
A numerical approximation theory for second-order integral differential equations

Abstract This paper is a companion paper to “An Oscillation Theory for Second-Order Integral Differential Equations.” The underlying theme is that both topic (oscillation theory and numerical oscillation theory) follow as a corollary to an approximation theory of quadratic forms given previously by the author. In Section I we give the mathematical preliminaries; some of which are not included in the earlier paper. This includes the relationship between the fundamental quadratic form and its integral differential equation (the Euler-Lagrange equations). In Section II the approximating quadratic forms are defined on the approximating Hilbert space. In Section III we show that our approximating hypothesis are satisfied and give the fundamental inequality relationships [Eqs. (12) and (13)]. We also show that the mth oscillation point is a continuous function of our approximating parameter. Finally in Section IV we show how that the approximating indices may be easily obtained by computer algorithms.
Tumor microvascular permeability is a key determinant for antivascular effects of doxorubicin encapsulated in a temperature sensitive liposome.

Previous data have demonstrated that doxorubicin (DOX) released from a lysolecithin-containing thermosensitive liposome (LTSL) can shut down blood flow in a human tumor xenograft (FaDu) in mice when the treatment is combined with hyperthermia (HT), suggesting that LTSL-DOX is a potential antivascular agent. To further understand mechanisms of the treatment, we investigated effects of LTSL-DOX (5 mg/kg body weight) plus HT (42°C, 1 h) on microcirculation in another tumor (a murine mammary carcinoma, 4T07) implanted in mouse dorsal skin-fold chambers and dose responses of tumor (FaDu and 4T07) and endothelial cells to LTSL-DOX or free DOX with or without HT. We observed that LTSL-DOX-HT could significantly reduce blood flow and microvascular density in 4T07 tumors. The antivascular efficacy of LTSL-DOX-HT could be enhanced through increasing tumor microvascular permeability of liposomes by using platelet activating factor (PAF). We also observed that the dose responses of FaDu and 4T07 to DOX in vitro were ...
On the multiplicity of monetary equilibria: Green–Zhou meets Lagos–Wright

Abstract Green and Zhou relax the assumption, made in early search-based models of monetary exchange, of indivisible money. Their paper and various extensions make much technical progress, and derive some interesting substantive results. In particular, they show there is an indeterminacy of steady-state monetary equilibria. We reconsider this result in the framework of Lagos and Wright, which is more tractable. We show that a similar multiplicity arises, and is much easier to derive and understand. We also compare the results to those in related nonmonetary models, and discuss how they depend on details, including the number of agents and the timing.
An experimental study of lithium and dental caries in the rat

Lithium chloride, given via the drinking water, was tested for its effect on dental caries. In a preliminary experiment lithium at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 40, 60, 125 and 250 microgram/l showed a significant dose-related effect by ANOVA with the lowest smooth-surface scores at 20 microgram Li. Lithium was also used at 20 microgram/l with and without fluoride at 5, 10 and 20 mg/l. No greater effect on caries was seen of the lithium-fluoride combination than fluoride alone. Using 0, 5, 20 and 40 microgram Li/l, and larger groups of rats, a trend for lower caries was seen but the variance of the data was too large to be statistically significant. Despite a number of epidemiologic studies associating low caries prevalence with lithium, animal model research has not demonstrated a clear reduction in caries due to lithium added to the drinking water.
Quadrature methods of arbitrary order for solving linear ordinary differential equations

The writer shows that given any positive integern≧3 there is a one step method for numerical integration of the linear ordinary differential equationY′=tAY+B of ordern+1, which employsn evaluations ofA andB. Numerical computations of the method whenn=3 and 4 compare quite favorably with the method of Runge-Kutta in those cases which are considered.
Long-Range Transcriptional Control of Progesterone Receptor Gene Expression

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) binds to specific target DNA sequences, estrogen response elements (EREs), to regulate estrogen-responsive gene expression. The progesterone receptor (PR) gene has been used extensively as a marker of estrogen responsiveness. Although we previously identified cis elements within 1 kb of the PR-B transcription start site that are associated with ERα and help to confer estrogen responsiveness, the identification of ERα binding sites far removed from the transcription start site suggested that long-range regulation of this gene may occur. We now show that eight regions of the PR gene from 311 kb upstream to 4 kb downstream of the PR-B transcription start site interact with ERα and that coactivator proteins and acetylated histones are selectively associated with these gene regions. Specific PR gene regions confer estrogen responsiveness to a heterologous reporter plasmid, and mutation of EREs within these regions diminishes estrogen-induced transactivation. Importantly, chromosome conformation capture assays reveal ERα- and ligand-dependent interactions between proximal and distal PR gene regions. Taken together, our studies suggest that distal regions of the PR gene participate in the dynamic regulation of this gene and that the coordinated action of proximal and distal PR gene regions allows cells to respond to changes in hormone levels with extraordinary versatility and sensitivity.
An Ultra-Wideband Low-Loss Millimeter-Wave Slow-Wave Wilkinson Power Divider on 0.18 $\mu{\rm m}$ SiGe BiCMOS Process

An ultra-wideband low-loss millimeter-wave Wilkinson power divider has been developed on a 0.18 $\mu{\rm m}$ SiGe BiCMOS process. The miniaturization and low loss of the power divider are achieved by utilizing capacitive loading and a slow-wave CPW structure configured with floating metal strips periodically placed orthogonal to the CPW. The developed power divider has extremely wideband performance from DC to 67 GHz with less than 1 dB insertion loss from DC to 61 GHz, amplitude and phase imbalances less than 0.5 dB and 2 $^{\circ}$ from DC to 67 GHz, respectively, and isolation greater than 15 dB across 37–67 GHz. At 60 GHz, the designed power divider has only 0.9 dB of insertion loss and better than 25 dB of isolation. The core chip size is $150\ \mu{\rm m}\times 525\ \mu{\rm m}$ .
Automation of rapid fault diagnosis in manufacturing systems using multiple fuzzy agents

The reasoning process used by humans for fault diagnosis is very difficult to model due to the many factors used in developing a hypothesis. Some of these factors do not correspond to cognitive models. The diagnosis of faults in manufacturing systems is often plagued with human emotions and “gut feelings” which are difficult, if not impossible, to model. Many artificial intelligence approaches to automated fault diagnosis use either structural or symptom-based reasoning. Functional approaches are unable to provide realtime response due to their computational complexity, whereas, symptom-based approaches are only able to handle situations specifically coded in rules. Current hybrid approaches that combine the two methods are too structured in their approach to switching between the reasoning methods and, therefore fail to provide the flexible, rapid response of human experts. This paper presents a robust, extensible approach to fault diagnosis that allows unstructured switching between reasoning models using multiple fuzzy intelligent agents that examine the problem domain from a variety of perspectives.
A single UGA codon functions as a natural termination signal in the coliphage Qβ coat protein cistron

Abstract The coat protein cistron of coliphage Qβ has been shown previously to code for two proteins, both of which are structural components of the mature virion (Weiner and Weber, 1971). The predominant translational product is normally terminated Qβ coat protein, but a second product is also made resulting from inefficient translational termination at the end of the coat protein cistron and subsequent read-through into the intercistronic region. Because the molar fraction of this read-through (or IIb) protein relative to normal coat protein in the viral capsid increases from 2.2% to 7.2% when a UGA suppressor strain is used as host for Q/gb infection, the inefficient termination signal in the Qβ coat cistron must be either a single UGA codon or two UGA codons in tandem. A partial amino acid sequence, which includes the suppressed termination signal, has now been obtained for the IIb protein. This sequence proves that a single UGA codon is used alone as the natural translational termination signal of the coliphage Qβ coat cistron. Evidence is also presented that in both the su - and su + uga host, the ratio of read-through protein to normally terminated coat protein is 1.5 to threefold higher in vivo than in the purified virus. Thus, in the process of self-assembly, the viral capsid prefers to incorporate normally terminated coat protein rather than the read-through product.
Laissez‐faire Social Darwinism and individualist competition in Darwin and Huxley

(1998). Laissez‐faire Social Darwinism and individualist competition in Darwin and Huxley. The European Legacy: Vol. 3, On Social Darwinism, pp. 17-30.
Illumination system tolerancing

Tolerancing of illumination systems is currently a difficult task, especially for components that are injection molded. The ISO standards are not applicable to such systems due to their innate requirements of image formation. Methods to parameterize the shape of injection-molded optical components are presented. First, a method based on experimental measurement of actual components is presented. Next, this method is extended to the Monte Carlo formation of perturbed parts based upon these measurements. Finally, a method based on the application of a bi-directional surface distribution function (BSDF), i.e., scatter profile, is based upon ray-trace results from the application of the experimental measurements. The BSDF method is fit with the ABg scatter function, applied to witness sample surfaces, and compared to the perturbation method. The utility of these two methods is presented, whereby the BSDF method is appropriate for systems with many ray-surface interactions, while the perturbation method is best suited for systems with limited ray-surface interactions.
Vibrations of rapidly rotating N-body systems

Abstract A generalization of the Eckart scheme applicable to N-body systems with arbitrarily large angular velocities is formulated. Its virtue is that it explicitly accounts for centrifugal distortions. As a consequence, it leads to angular momentum-labeled fundamental frequencies of oscillations. In the limit of slow rotations one recovers exactly the traditional separation scheme of Eckart.
The changing pattern of neonatal mortality in a regionalized system of perinatal care: A current update.

Objective. Our earlier studies about the changing pattern of neonatal mortality were based on data from 1978–1979 and 1982–1983. In this report, we provide a modern update of the causes of neonatal deaths to help focus prevention measures. Study Design. We reviewed neonatal deaths for the years 1995 and 1996 and assigned a clinical cause of death. Deaths were reviewed and analyzed by place of birth and death, according to level of care. We provided an estimate of the change in causes of death between 1982–1983 and 1995–1996 and calculated an idealized neonatal mortality rate for each level of care and for the entire state. Results. The major changes in causes of death occurred in the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) categories. RDS showed a substantial decline, but ELBW deaths increased by nearly the same amount that RDS declined. The idealized neonatal mortality rate calculations suggest that fewer potentially medically preventable deaths occur now than in 1982–1983. Currently, more neonatal deaths of level I births occur in level III facilities than in 1982–1983. However, at that time, Iowa had only one tertiary facility, and the level II regional hospitals were the site of more deaths. Conclusion. We believe that assigning deaths to a clinical category rather than to a catastrophic final event helps focus on sources of preventable death in the medical care system. To reduce neonatal mortality, the incidence of lethal congenital malformations and ELBW infants must be impacted.
Effect of solute atoms on dislocation motion in Mg: An electronic structure perspective

Solution strengthening is a well-known approach to tailoring the mechanical properties of structural alloys. Ultimately, the properties of the dislocation/solute interaction are rooted in the electronic structure of the alloy. Accordingly, we compute the electronic structure associated with, and the energy barriers to dislocation cross-slip. The energy barriers so obtained can be used in the development of multiscale models for dislocation mediated plasticity. The computed electronic structure can be used to identify substitutional solutes likely to interact strongly with the dislocation. Using the example of a-type screw dislocations in Mg, we compute accurately the Peierls barrier to prismatic plane slip and argue that Y, Ca, Ti, and Zr should interact strongly with the studied dislocation, and thereby decrease the dislocation slip anisotropy in the alloy.
A General Model for Hedging Swaps with Eurodollar Futures

A hedging model based on a cubic spline interpolation methodology model automatically reflects timing differences between futures maturities and swap payment dates, actual maturities of the three-month Eurodollar deposits that underlie the futures contract, and the convexity bias defining the difference between Eurodollar futures and forward rates. The model allows futures with overlapping maturities to be used rather than limiting hedging to contracts that are part of the regular March, June, September, and December maturity cycle. Tests of the model for calendar year 2001 for both a single swap and a swap book show it to be effective in hedging the interest rate risk of LIBOR-based swaps.
Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets.

Memory CD8 T cells can be divided into two subsets, central (TCM) and effector (TEM), but their lineage relationships and their ability to persist and confer protective immunity are not well understood. Our results show that TCM have a greater capacity than TEM to persist in vivo and are more efficient in mediating protective immunity because of their increased proliferative potential.We also demonstrate that, following antigen clearance, TEM convert to TCM and that the duration of this differentiation is programmed within the first week after immunization.We propose that TCM and TEM do not necessarily represent distinct subsets, but are part of a continuum in a linear naive → effector → TEM → TCM differentiation pathway.
DNA Replication Defects, Spontaneous DNA Damage, and ATM-dependent Checkpoint Activation in Replication Protein A-deficient Cells

Replication protein A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric, single-stranded DNA-binding complex comprised of 70-kDa (RPA1), 32-kDa (RPA2), and 14-kDa (RPA3) subunits that is essential for DNA replication, recombination, and repair in eukaryotes. In addition, recent studies using vertebrate model systems have suggested an important role for RPA in the initiation of cell cycle checkpoints following exposure to DNA replication stress. Specifically, RPA has been implicated in the recruitment and activation of the ATM-Rad3-related protein kinase, ATR, which in conjunction with the related kinase, ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated), transmits checkpoint signals via the phosphorylation of downstream effectors. In this report, we have explored the effects of RPA insufficiency on DNA replication, cell survival, and ATM/ATR-dependent signal transduction in response to genotoxic stress. RNA interference-mediated suppression of RPA1 caused a slowing of S phase progression, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in HeLa cells. RPA-deficient cells demonstrated high levels of spontaneous DNA damage and constitutive activation of ATM, which was responsible for the terminal G2/M arrest phenotype. Surprisingly, we found that neither RPA1 nor RPA2 were essential for the hydroxyurea- or UV-induced phosphorylation of the ATR substrates CHK1 and CREB (cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein). These findings reveal that RPA is required for genomic stability and suggest that activation of ATR can occur through RPA-independent pathways.
Subgrid-Scale Models for Large-Eddy Simulations of Shock-Boundary-Layer Interactions

Direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation of a flat-plate supersonic turbulent boundary layer interacting with an oblique incident shock wave are conducted for a priori and a posteriori assessments of subgrid-scale models. The incident shock is strong enough to generate a marginal separation in the boundary layer near the interaction region providing the subgrid-scale models with a nontrivial challenge. The governing equations for direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation are solved by a new seventh-order monotonicity-preserving scheme for inviscid fluxes and a sixth-order compact finite-difference scheme for the viscous terms. The effect of subgrid-scale stress term on the resolved velocity field is shown to be significant and shock-dependent. The subgrid-scale models tested include the mixed-time-scale model, the dynamic Smagorinsky model, the dynamic mixed model and a new dynamic model termed the compressible serial-decomposition model. A priori analysis indicate that the new dy...