cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Deep Magma Injection Beneath Lake Tahoe, Nevada-California

A deep earthquake swarm in late 2003 at Lake Tahoe, California (Richter magnitude < 2.2; depth of 29 to 33 kilometers), was coeval with a transient displacement of 6 millimeters horizontally outward from the swarm and 8 millimeters upward measured at global positioning system station Slide Mountain (SLID) 18 kilometers to the northeast. During the first 23 days of the swarm, hypocentral depths migrated at a rate of 2.4 millimeters per second up-dip along a 40-square-kilometer structure striking north 30° west and dipping 50° to the northeast. SLID's transient velocity of 20 millimeters per year implies a lower bound of 200 nanostrains per year (parts per billion per year) on local strain rates, an order of magnitude greater than the 1996 to 2003 regional rate. The geodetic displacement is too large to be explained by the elastic strain from the cumulative seismic moment of the sequence, suggesting an aseismic forcing mechanism. Aspects of the swarm and SLID displacements are consistent with lower-crustal magma injection under Lake Tahoe.
Ionomer Binders Can Improve Discharge Rate Capability in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes

A lithium-ion form of a perfluorosulfonate ionomer was used as a binder in LiFeP0 4 -based lithium-ion battery cathodes. Carbon-coated LiFeP0 4 and acetylene carbon black were blended with ionomer to prepare composite cathodes having a composition 60% LiFeP0 4 , 20% acetylene carbon black, and 20% binder by weight. Cathodes were tested against Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anodes using 1.0 M and 0.1 M LiPF 6 -ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC) electrolytes. Comparison was made with cathodes prepared using poly(vinylidene) difluoride (PVDF) as binder. At low discharge rates (e.g., C/5) both cathode types exhibited similar chargedischarge capacities and voltage profiles. However, under higher rate discharge conditions (e.g., > 1C, up to 5C) cathodes prepared using ionomer binder showed better discharge rate capability than cathodes having PVDF binder. This phenomenon was more pronounced when the salt concentration in the electrolyte was low (e.g., 0.1 M LiPF 6 -EC/DEC). These findings suggest that use of ionic binders can help to compensate for electrolyte depletion from the electrode porous space as lithium ions are intercalated into lithium-deficient LiFeP0 4 particles during rapid discharging. Potential uses for electrodes having ionomer binders in enabling lower cost battery electrolytes (because of the reduced need for salt) and in developing high rate cathodes that are nonporous or have low porosity are discussed.
Anion Effects in Cu‐Crosslinked Palindromic Artificial Tripeptides with Pendant Bpy Ligands

An artificial peptide with three pendant bipyridine (bpy) ligands on a palindromic backbone was designed and used to make multimetallic assemblies. The tripeptide is synthesized by addition of ligand-substituted aminoethylglycine monomers to both ends of a bpy-substituted diacid. The tripeptide was treated with CuII acetate, tetrafluoroborate, and nitrate salts, and the chelation stoichiometry was confirmed in spectrophotometric titrations. NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and analytical HPLC separations confirm the identity and purity of the product, which is a tripeptide duplex with three CuII coordinative crosslinks. UV/Vis absorbance and EPR spectroscopy were used to assess the geometry of the metal complexes and examine the effects of coordinative anions on the coordination geometry about the Cu centers. We find that the distorted square-planar geometry in the Cu duplex shifts to a tetrahedral geometry upon addition of I– and that counteranions can be used to tune the interaction between metal complexes in multimetallic assemblies.
All Paired Up with No Place to Go: Pairing, Synapsis, and DSB Formation in a Balancer Heterozygote

The multiply inverted X chromosome balancer FM7 strongly suppresses, or eliminates, the occurrence of crossing over when heterozygous with a normal sequence homolog. We have utilized the LacI-GFP: lacO system to visualize the effects of FM7 on meiotic pairing, synapsis, and double-strand break formation in Drosophila oocytes. Surprisingly, the analysis of meiotic pairing and synapsis for three lacO reporter couplets in FM7/X heterozygotes revealed they are paired and synapsed during zygotene/pachytene in 70%–80% of oocytes. Moreover, the regions defined by these lacO couplets undergo double-strand break formation at normal frequency. Thus, even complex aberration heterozygotes usually allow high frequencies of meiotic pairing, synapsis, and double-strand break formation in Drosophila oocytes. However, the frequencies of failed pairing and synapsis were still 1.5- to 2-fold higher than were observed for corresponding regions in oocytes with two normal sequence X chromosomes, and this effect was greatest near a breakpoint. We propose that heterozygosity for breakpoints creates a local alteration in synaptonemal complex structure that is propagated across long regions of the bivalent in a fashion analogous to chiasma interference, which also acts to suppress crossing over.
Differentiating atrial fibrillation mechanisms by signal processing of the electrocardiogram

A total subcutaneous (SQ) implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) will need to be as sensitive and specific at detecting and treating ventricular arrhythmias as a transvenous ICD. We induced a library of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias during ICD implantation that collected simultaneous electrogram data using intracardiac and left chest cutaneous electrodes representing surrogate SQ electrodes and vectors. Methods: A multicenter prospective study registered 143 patients, where 132 patients had usable data for inclusion into the library. Inclusion required a left chest dual-chamber ICD initial or replacement implant with dual-coil high-voltage electrodes. Integrated (INT) and dedicated (DED) bipolar ICD leads were used. Cable connections were attached to all electrodes including intravascular, muscular device pocket tissue, and cutaneous and then were connected to a TEAC digital recorder. At least 4 minutes of baseline rhythm was obtained. Bursts of electrocautery delivered to the pocket were recorded. Programmed stimulation via the atrial and ventricular leads was performed for induction. Induced rhythms were categorized as shockable or nonshockable. An episode inclusion heart rate was greater than 170 beats per minute for at least 20 seconds. Isuprel or atropine were used at the operator's discretion to obtain atrial rates in the target zone. Episodes were divided as RV lead INT, DED, or BOTH. Valid episodes were qualified as equivalent simultaneous SQ and transvenous data. Results: One hundred fourteen episodes in 76 patients met the rate inclusion for nonshockable rhythms, whereas 190 episodes in 110 patients met inclusion for shockable rhythms. Careful analysis found 81 valid nonshockable episodes and 104 valid shockable episodes. The nonshockable valid episodes were distributed as 37 (46%) INT, 3 (4%) DED, and 41 (50%) BOTH. The shockable valid episodes were distributed as 39 (38%) INT, 14 (13%) DED, and 51 (49%) BOTH. Nonshockable episode rates were concentrated between 165 and 190 beats per minute, whereas shockable episode rates were clustered in 3 rate patterns, 180, 240, and 300 beats per minute, with the major concentration at 300 beats per minute. Conclusions: A robust collection of valid shockable and nonshockable episodes were simultaneously and digitally collected from intracardiac and SQ surrogates in an effort to compare the sensitivity and specificity of all available ICD sensing vectors. The sensing algorithm comparative analysis will use the valid episodes of this library.
Feeding and risering of high-alloy steel castings

A more accurate, less conservative set of feeding distance (FD) and riser sizing rules is developed for high-alloy steel castings produced from alloy grades CF-8M, CA-15, HH, HK, and HP. These rules are designed to produce radiographically sound castings at 2 pct sensitivity. By comparing results between plate casting trials and the corresponding simulations of those trials, a relationship is shown to exist between a local thermal parameter known as the Niyama criterion and ASTM shrinkage X-ray level. This relationship is then used in an extensive set of casting simulations to numerically determine FDs for a wide range of casting conditions. It is shown that the FD rule developed in an analogous earlier study for carbon and low-alloy (C&LA) steels can also be used for these high-alloy grades, provided that the FD is modified by a multiplier that accounts for the high-alloy steel grade. In addition, it is shown that multipliers for superheat, sand mold materials, and the use of chills developed in the earlier work are also valid with these high-alloy steel grades. In comparison with previously published high-alloy FD rules, the present rules are shown to provide longer FDs (and hence higher casting yields) in most casting situations. This study also investigates riser sizing rules. It is determined that for open top risers, the previously published C&LA riser sizing rule is also valid for high-alloy steels. This rule is less conservative than existing high-alloy riser sizing rules, specifying smaller risers that produce higher casting yields. In addition, for vented blind top risers, it is shown that the previously published rules are also overly conservative.
Effect of Time and Temperature on PrPCWD Immunoreactivity as Evidenced by Western Blot

The protease-resistant infectious prion protein, PrPres, that causes transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, is remarkably resistant to conventional physical and chemical sterilization methods, ...
A Method for the Detection of Foreign Fats in Dairy Products

Summary The suspected sample is first separated into alcohol soluble and insoluble triglycerides in order to increase the concentration of the adulterant in one of these fractions and cause enough shift in the refractive index for the adulterant to be detected. The average refractive index of the alcohol insoluble fraction of 20 different samples of authentic butterfat was found to be 1.4542 ± 0.00002 (S.E.M.) and was significantly different from 1.4550 ± 0.00003 (S.E.M.), the average value of the samples containing 10% of substitute fat other than coconut oil. The addition of 10% coconut oil significantly lowered the refractive index of the alcohol soluble fraction of pure butterfat from 1.4540 ± 0.00002 to 1.4532 ± 0.00005.
A Comparison of Characteristics of Kevorkian Euthanasia Cases and Physician-Assisted Suicides in Oregon

Purpose The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Kevorkian euthanasia cases were compared with Oregon physician-assisted suicide (PAS) cases and U.S. mortality data. Design and methods Two hundred variables were coded from medical examiner reports on all 69 Kevorkian euthanasia cases who died and were autopsied by the Oakland County Medical Examiner. Data on the 43 Oregon PAS cases in the first two years and U.S. mortality data were obtained from published sources. Results Only 25% of patients euthanized by Kevorkian were terminally ill as compared to 100% of Oregon PAS cases. PAS cases were significantly more likely to have cancer (72%) than euthanasia cases (29%). Women and those who were divorced or had never married were significantly more likely to seek euthanasia than would have been predicted by national mortality statistics. Implications Gender and marital status appeared to influence decisions to seek an assisted death, and research on the role of these factors in end-of-life decision making is merited.
Vaccinia and influenza A viruses select rather than adjust tRNAs to optimize translation

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are central to protein synthesis and impact translational speed and fidelity by their abundance. Here we examine the extent to which viruses manipulate tRNA populations to favor translation of their own genes. We study two very different viruses: influenza A virus (IAV), a medium-sized (13 kB genome) RNA virus; and vaccinia virus (VV), a large (200 kB genome) DNA virus. We show that the total cellular tRNA population remains unchanged following viral infection, whereas the polysome-associated tRNA population changes dramatically in a virus-specific manner. The changes in polysome-associated tRNA levels reflect the codon usage of viral genes, suggesting the existence of local tRNA pools optimized for viral translation.
Acetabular fracture/dislocation

A 42-year-old soil engineer was trapped when a ditch collapsed on him. He sustained the injury seen in the figures. His hip was initially dislocated and was reduced in the emergency department before these films were taken.
Child Abuse and Neglect in Children Referred for Learning Evaluation

During the 1977-78 school year, 430 children from the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, were referred to a central school problem clinic for evaluation of learning problems. The proportion of these children (6.7%) who had been independently reported to the state child abuse agency was compared, after age adjustment, to the rate of such reporting for all children on the island and was found to be 3.5 times higher. The types of abuse and/or neglect reported were similar for the children with learning problems and for other island children. These findings strengthen the argument for a link between child maltreatment and developmental disabilities.
Anti-Ebola MAb 17A3 reacts with bovine and human α-2-macroglobulin proteins

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed against soluble Ebola virus (EBOV) envelope glycoprotein (GP) for the study of the diversity of EBOV envelope and development of diagnostic reagents. Of the three anti-EBOV GP mouse MAbs produced, MAb 15H10 recognized all human EBOV GP species tested (Zaire, Sudan, Ivory Coast), and as well as reacted with the Reston nonhuman primate EBOV GPs. A second MAb, 6D11 recognized EBOV GP species of Sudan and Sudan-Gulu. The third MAb, 17A3, was reported originally in the same article to be EBOV GP specific has now been found to be specific for bovine and human α-2-macroglobulin (α-2M) proteins which were contaminants in the Ebola envelope protein preparation. Thus, while MAbs 15H10 and 6D11 are indeed EBOV GP specific, MAb 17A3 is an α-2-macroglobulin MAb.
A comprehensive project for managerial accounting

Abstract This paper presents a unique procedure which integrates many managerial accounting topics in a single project. The project requires that each student create and interrelate all necessary accounting reports of a manufacturing process for one month of operation. Specific step-by-step instructions are not provided to the students. Only a set of general assignments is given as an outline to the sequence of activities. This allows for maximum flexibility as each student creates all the components of individual projects. The finished project provides each student with an overview of what managerial accounting is all about.
Drinking Norms Versus Drinking Behavior

Data from 1002 households indicated that contextual factors (group size, subsequent activity) and individual difference factors (sex, extroversion, drinking frequency) differentially influenced consumption and normative ratings. These findings suggest that contextual cues serve as determinants of drinking norms and that drinking behavior reflects individual variation in sensitivity to these cues. Language: en
Rejecting the Root: The Liberating, Anti-Christ Theology of Douglass’s Narrative

Investigations of Frederick Douglass’s religiosity too frequently neglect his 1845 Narrative , perhaps because readers continue to accept that the Narrative should be understood as a critique of specific individuals or denominations rather than a challenge to core Christian principles. But in the Narrative Douglass deploys a series of subtle biblical symbols to rewrite the Bible and subvert “Christianity proper.” Most controversially, I claim that the root that Douglass eventually rejects as an impotent totem of “ignorant slaves” is both a representation of hoodoo rootwork and, crucially, Jesus Christ; nineteenth-century readers of the Narrative , including Harriet Beecher Stowe, recognized the atheistic potency of this symbol, but biblical illiteracy has elided it from modern readings.
Predicting Costs Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Heart Failure

Disease management programs that target patients with the highest risk of subsequent costs may help payers and providers control health care costs, but identifying these patients prospectively is challenging. We hypothesized that medical history and clinical data from a heart failure registry could be used to prospectively identify patients with heart failure most likely to incur high costs. We linked Medicare inpatient claims to clinical registry data for patients with heart failure and calculated total Medicare costs during the year after the index heart failure hospitalization. We defined patients as having high costs if they were in the upper 5% (>$76,500) of the distribution. We used logistic regression models to identify patient and clinical characteristics associated with high costs. Costs for 40,317 patients in the study varied widely. Patients in the upper 5% of the cost distribution incurred mean costs of $117,193 ± 55,550 during 1 year of follow-up compared to $17,086 ± 17,792 for the lower-cost group. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with high costs included younger age and black race; history of anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, or peripheral vascular disease; serum creatinine level; and systolic blood pressure at admission. Mean 1-year Medicare costs for patients whom the model predicted would exceed the high-cost threshold were >2 times the costs for patients below the threshold. In conclusion, a model based on variables from clinical registries can identify a group of patients with heart failure who on average will incur higher costs in the first year after hospitalization.
Notes from the field: the evaluation of Maine Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (NAPSACC) experience.

More than half of all children in the United States aged 3 to 6 years are enrolled in child care centers. Maine received funds from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Communities Put...
A Conceptual Model of Energy Partitioning in the Collision of Saltating Grains with an Unconsolidated Sediment Bed

Abstract Grain-bed collision is a key component of saltation, but substantial uncertainty remains regarding many aspects of this process. Previous empirical work is used to develop a conceptual model of this process that accounts for the partitioning of impact energy between rebounding grains and the bed. The model envisions two distinct collision regimes: (i) a quasi-elastic regime at low impact speeds and (ii) an inelastic regime at high impact speeds. In the quasi-elastic regime, colliding grains retain a constant proportion of their kinetic energy, and thus rebound at speeds that are proportional to the impact speed and shear velocity. In the inelastic regime, colliding grains retain a fixed and limited amount of kinetic energy, transferring any excess above this limit to the bed. Rebound speeds are thus constant and independent of both impact speed and shear velocity. Impact energy transferred to the bed is expended in “deformation” (i.e., ejection, rearrangement, etc. of bed grains). These two colli...
Amazon.com recommendations: item-to-item collaborative filtering

Recommendation algorithms are best known for their use on e-commerce Web sites, where they use input about a customer's interests to generate a list of recommended items. Many applications use only the items that customers purchase and explicitly rate to represent their interests, but they can also use other attributes, including items viewed, demographic data, subject interests, and favorite artists. At Amazon.com, we use recommendation algorithms to personalize the online store for each customer. The store radically changes based on customer interests, showing programming titles to a software engineer and baby toys to a new mother. There are three common approaches to solving the recommendation problem: traditional collaborative filtering, cluster models, and search-based methods. Here, we compare these methods with our algorithm, which we call item-to-item collaborative filtering. Unlike traditional collaborative filtering, our algorithm's online computation scales independently of the number of customers and number of items in the product catalog. Our algorithm produces recommendations in real-time, scales to massive data sets, and generates high quality recommendations.
Inhibition of Mycobacterium smegmatis using near-IR and blue light

Background: Objective of current study is to determine whether near-IR, alone or combined with blue light and delivered at a low rate, could lower the dose needed to effectively inhibit Mycobacterium smegmatis in vitro . We have studied the effect of blue light on M. smegmatis and found that a bactericidal outcome can be obtained with high doses of blue light. Methods: The organism was treated in vitro with 464, 850 and combined 464 & 850nm light emitted from a supraluminous diode (SLD) array. Doses of 30, 45 and 60 J/cm 2 were used. Colony counts were performed and compared to untreated controls using Student t tests, a two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA and a one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis. Results: Statistically significant inhibition was observed for each individual wavelength and dose combination (p < 0.05). Two-way ANOVA demonstrated an interaction effect between wavelength and dose (F 1, 9 = 358.585; p - 0.000). Post hoc analysis using one-way ANOVA (F 2, 27 = 11.211; p = 0.00) and Tukey’s HSD identified 850nm at 45 J/cm 2 to be the most effective wavelength / dose combination. Conclusions: 850nm irradiation delivered at 45 J/cm 2 is a wavelength /dose combination that can be expected to produce a significant inhibition of M. smegmatis in vitro .
A general framework of stream–aquifer interaction caused by variable stream stages

Summary Stream–aquifer interface is a critical zone where surface water and groundwater exchange mass, energy, and chemicals. Previous analytical studies of stream–aquifer interaction consider stream stage fluctuations that are only functions of time. This study improves those solutions by simultaneously considering temporally and spatially variable stream stages, low-permeability streambeds, and pumping wells nearby the streams. Semi-analytical solutions of drawdown and stream–aquifer flow rate in the Laplace–Fourier domain are provided and used to obtain solutions in the real time–space domain after the inverse Laplace–Fourier transform, where the stream–aquifer flow rate refers to the rate of discharge between a stream and an adjacent aquifer. The stream–aquifer flow rate caused by the temporally variable stream stage is found to decline with time and becomes negligible when time is sufficiently long. A closed-form analytical solution for the stream–aquifer flow rate caused by a diffusive-type flood wave is obtained, and it can be used to predict the response of an aquifer upon a passing flood wave. For a diffusive-type flood wave that dies out in about 24 h, we find that the stream–aquifer flow rate drops nearly exponentially with time and dies out at about 13.4 h for a sandy aquifer and an alluvial streambed. Sensitivity analysis shows that the stream–aquifer flow rate increases with the diffusion coefficient of the flood wave (D) which controls the width and amplitude of the wave, and decreases with the average flood wave velocity (v). Low-permeability streambeds reduce stream–aquifer flow rate and also delay the response to the stream stage fluctuations. For a time-dependent cosine stream stage function with a period of 30 days, the maximal stream–aquifer flow rate with a 0.5 m thick low-permeability streambed is 24% less than that obtained without the streambed.
Trends in the Distribution and Abundance of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Nonnative Trout in Idaho

Abstract The distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri across their native range is relatively well-known, but evaluations of trends in distribution and abundance over time are lacking. In 2010–2011, we resurveyed 74 stream reaches in the upper Snake River basin of Idaho that were sampled in the 1980s and again in 1999–2000 to evaluate changes in the distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and nonnative trout over time. Yellowstone cutthroat trout occupied all 74 reaches in the 1980s, 70 reaches in 1999–2000, and 69 reaches in 2010–2011. In comparison, rainbow trout O. mykiss and rainbow × cutthroat hybrid occupancy increased from 23 reaches in the 1980s to 36 reaches in 1999–2000, and then declined back to 23 reaches in 2010–2011. The proportion of reaches occupied by brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis was largely unchanged across time periods. Yellowstone cutthroat trout abundance declined from a mean of 40.0 fis...
Demonstration of chewing motor disorder by recording peripheral correlates of mastication.

Summary Chewing motor performance was examined in twenty-one patients. Twelve patients had TMJ dysfunction syndrome, eight had occlusal trauma, and one had CNS impairment. Surface electromyography and three-dimensional jaw movement was recorded. Discomfort was recorded by the patient during chewing of beefstick. Specific changes in mandibular movement were related to the presence of pain, discomfort and other symptoms of the TMJ dysfunction syndrome.
SERF: ODMG-based generic re-structuring facility

The age of information management and with it the advent of increasingly sophisticated technologies have kindled a need in the database community and others to re-structure existing systems and move forward to make use of these new technologies. Legacy application systems are being transformed to newer state-of-the-art systems, information sources are being mapped from one data model to another, a diversity of data sources are being transformed to load, cleanse and consolidate data into modern data-warehouses [CR99].Re-structuring is thus a critical task for a variety of applications. For this reason, most object-oriented database systems (OODB) today support some form of re-structuring support [Tec94, Obj93, BKKK87]. This existing support of current OODBs [BKKK87, Tec94, Obj93] is limited to a pre-defined taxonomy of simple fixed-semantic schema evolution operations. However, such simple changes, typically to individual types only, are not sufficient for many advanced applications [Bre96]. More radical changes, such as combining two types of redefining the relationship between two types, are either very difficult or even impossible to achieve with current commercial database technology [Tec94, Obj93]. In fact, most OODBs would typically require the user to write ad-hoc programs to accomplish such transformations. Research that has begun to look into the issue of complex changes [Bre96, Ler96] is still limited by providing a fixed set of some selected (even if now more complex) operations.To address these limitations of the current restructuring technology, we have proposed the SERF framework which aims at providing a rich environment for doing complex user-defined transformations flexibly, easily and correctly [CJR98b]. The goal of our work is to increase the usability and utility of the SERF framework and its applicability to re-structuring problems beyond OODB evolution. Towards that end, we provide re-usable transformations via the notion of SERF Templates that can be packaged into libraries, thereby increasing the portability of these transformations. We also now have a first cut at providing an assurance of consistency for the users of this system, a semantic optimizer that provides some performance improvements via enhanced query optimization techniques with emphasis on the re-structuring primitives [CNR99]. In this demo we give an overview of the SERF framework, its current status and the enhancements that are planned for the future. We also present an example of the application of SERF to a domain other than schema evolution, i.e., the web restructuring.
Topology optimization and internal resonances in transverse vibrations of hyperelastic plates

Abstract Nonlinear dynamics of plates synthesized using topology optimization and undergoing transverse vibrations with 1:2 internal resonances are presented. The plates are assumed to be made of hyperelastic materials; specifically two particular material models, namely, the neo-Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin material model are considered. A finite element approximation is first used in conjunction with novel topology optimization techniques to develop linearized candidate plate structures that have their lowest two natural frequencies in the ratio of 1:2. The plate structures are assumed to follow thin plate theory Kirchoff assumptions. The nonlinear dynamic response of the synthesized structures is then developed using modal superposition, and forced response to base excitations is analyzed to study the effects of material and geometric nonlinearities on nonlinear plate vibrations. The geometric nonlinearities introduced are through the assumptions of finite strains while the material nonlinearities arise due to nonlinear stress–strain or constitutive relationships for hyperelastic material models. Results are also compared with those obtained using von Karman and Novozhilov approximations for nonlinear plate vibrations. First the results are developed with the assumption that the materials are incompressible, and then this requirement is relaxed to include compressible materials as well.
The Hobby Lobby Case: Controversial Interpretive Techniques and Standards of Application

This is an essay, not a scholarly work with extensive research, on the method of interpretation by the majority in the Hobby Lobby case. In brief, I criticize a highly formalist approach that divides various questions under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, as if each can be resolved separately, independently of special difficulties of assessing sincerity and future administrative difficulties. A more comprehensive approach is suitable for an open-ended statute designed to recreate preexisting flexible constitutional standards.
Continuous low level feed administration of pyrantel tartrate in lambs. II. Comparison with routine drenching in the prophylaxis of natural infections.

SUMMARY Groups of lambs exposed to natural infection were treated with 3 mg./kg. pyrantel tartrate daily in the food, or 25 mg./kg. biweekly as a drench or 25 mg./kg. monthly as a drench. Significant growth responses over controls—14 · 6, 14 · 8 and 10 · 1 per cent respectively—were obtained with the three treatments. The differences between treatments were not significant. Faecal egg output was lowest in the biweekly treatment group followed by the monthly treatment group. The daily treatment group showed a peak egg output half of the initial rise in the controls, but later fell to low levels whilst the controls showed a further increase. Animals from the biweekly treatment group appeared more susceptible to re-infection after a single dose of the anthelmintic at the end of the experiment.
Abstract 4267: Biomimetic anti-angiogenic peptide as therapeutic agent for breast cancer

Despite the continuous research in novel therapeutics, globally each year more people succumb to cancer than HIV, TB and malaria combined. Angiogenesis, the development of neovasculature, has been a major focus of cancer research, and it resulted in the development, approval and clinical use of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody. However, in the case of breast cancer, the results show gains in progression-free survival but not in overall survival. Other agents targeting VEGF receptors are under investigation with the premise that a cocktail of agents could be more effective. Recently, there has been great interest in the development of peptides as therapeutic agents due to their high specificity and low toxicity, which are conducive for the development of new therapeutic cocktails. Identification of pharmacophores (minimal information content) allows for the introduction of non-natural amino acids in the peptide sequence to increase its stability while maintaining or improving its activity, thus creating optimized peptides for clinical applications. We present the application of a 20-mer biomimetic peptide derived from the α5 fibril of collagen IV in which a cysteine is replaced by a non-natural amino acid, i.e., amino-butyric acid, and investigate its mechanism of action as an anti-angiogenic agent in treatment of breast cancer. We demonstrated its activity in suppressing tumor growth in an orthotopic triple negative breast tumor model. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated reduction in vascular permeability and vascular volume. In vitro studies of receptor pulldown and cellular surface proximity staining demonstrate that this peptide interacts specifically with the αVβ1 integrin. This biomimetic stable peptide is a novel non-VEGF targeting agent active as a single agent, or that could be used in combination with chemotherapy or other therapeutic peptide-based cocktails. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4267. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4267
Mechanisms of polarity protein expression control

Polarity is a universal feature of cells during division and often at other stages of the cell cycle or after post-mitotic differentiation. A conserved machinery, present in all animals, initiates and maintains polarity. Multi-cellular animals organize themselves with respect to the axes of symmetry of the organism through the process of planar cell polarity, but many tissues also express a cell-intrinsic form of polarity, for instance to segregate the apical and basolateral membranes of epithelial cells. Although the genes and proteins involved in apical-basal polarity have been known for many years, the regulation of their expression remains ill-defined. Maintenance of the correct expression levels is essential for normal cell lineage allocation, tissue morphogenesis and cell survival. Here we summarize what is known about the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of polarity protein expression, and discuss areas that remain to be understood.
Uncertainties of Digital Image Correlation Due to Pattern Degradation at Large Strain

A method to measure the displacement uncertainty increase, due in part to pattern degradation at large strains, is described. The method is similar to rigid body displacement methods used in prior work. Multiple pattern assessment metrics from the literature are calculated for the same experiments to determine if the trends in the uncertainty are consistent with the trends seen in the metrics. The pattern assessments are carried out over the entire region of interest for correlation, but some of the metrics are based on the size of the correlation subset. The results show better agreement between the increase in displacement uncertainties and the subset size based metrics, than the metrics that measure the entire region of interest regardless of the subset size.
Evaluation of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing municipal

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) prevention program and analyze the influencing factors.Methods The level of iodine in resident salt obtained from 9 different towns was determined.The incidence of goiter and urinary iodine of children aged 8-10 year were examined in 5 schools.The knowledge of IDD in the Grade 5 students was evaluated.The data of leadership,monitoring,iodine-salt management and health education were checked.Results were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results 14,217 resident salt samples were examined.The coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 95.9%(90.00%-99.72%).4,050 urine samples were analyzed.The median of urinary iodine was 247.20 μg/L,and 37.1% of the sample had a concentration over 300 μg/L.The proportion of 100-200 μg/L,200-300 μg/L and 300 μg/L at county level was 25%,57.5% and 17.5%,respectively.16,852 subjects were examined and the goiter rate was 5.8%(3.25%-9.00%).The score of student's knowledge of IDD was 4.4(3.1-5.0).The average score of control measure was 95(86-99).1 250 resident salt samples were re-examined by the county.The coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.88%(90.91%-100%).16 852 subjects were examined and the goiter rate of palpation and B-ultrasonic examination was 7.02% and 6.64%,respectively.The score of student's knowledge of IDD was 2.5-4.9.The average score of control measure was 88.8-99.5.Conclusion Chongqing municipal has achieved the target of elimination of IDD at the province level.39 counties have achieved the target of elimination IDD and 1 county has achieved the target of basal level of elimination of IDD.The concentration of iodine in salt was high and the iodine concentration should be reduced.
Wire enamel development by statistical design

This program was written for chemists who perform experiments, make measurements, and interpret data. Too few chemists are taking advantage of the available statistical tools, suspecting that these tools are either too complicated or too time consuming. However, I would rather believe that these chemists are as awed by integral equations, as most mathematicians are by structural formulas. There is no need for a person inexperienced in statistics to assume this responsibility but there is a need to take advantage of the available professional mathematician. With this in mind we requested a statistician to outline a plan that would allow us to follow a designed development program having economy in time, maximum information from measured data, and optimum accuracy and precision from the test results.
Multi-Objective Clustering Optimization for Multi-Channel Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Heterogeneous Green CRNs

In this paper, we address energy efficient (EE) cooperative spectrum sensing policies for large scale heterogeneous cognitive radio networks(CRNs) which consist of multiple primary channels and large number of secondary users (SUs) with heterogeneous sensing and reporting channel qualities. We approach this issue from macro and micro perspectives. Macro perspective groups SUs into clusters with the objectives: 1) total energy consumption minimization; 2) total throughput maximization; and 3) inter-cluster energy and throughput fairness. We adopt and demonstrate how to solve these using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. The micro perspective, on the other hand, operates as a sub-procedure on cluster formations decided by the macro perspective. For the micro perspectives, we first propose a procedure to select the cluster head (CH) which yields: 1) the best CH which gives the minimum total multi-hop error rate and 2) the optimal routing paths from SUs to the CH. Exploiting Poisson-Binomial distribution, a novel and generalized ${K}$ -out-of- ${N}$ voting rule is developed for heterogeneous CRNs to allow SUs to have different local detection performances. Then, a convex optimization framework is established to minimize the intra-cluster energy cost by jointly obtaining the optimal sensing durations and thresholds of feature detectors for the proposed voting rule. Likewise, instead of a common fixed sample size test, we developed a weighted sample size test for quantized soft decision fusion to obtain a more EE regime under heterogeneity. We have shown that the combination of proposed CH selection and cooperation schemes gives a superior performance in terms of energy efficiency and robustness against reporting error wall.
Multiscale Denoising of Photographic Images

Publisher Summary Image noise can be quite noticeable, as in images captured by inexpensive cameras built into cellular telephones, or imperceptible, as in images captured by professional digital cameras. Stated simply, the goal of image denoising is to recover the true signal (or its best approximation) from these noisy acquired observations. All such methods rely on understanding and exploiting the differences between the properties of signal and noise. Formally, solutions to the denoising problem rely on three fundamental components: a signal model, a noise model, and finally a measure of signal fidelity (commonly known as the objective function) that is to be minimized. A simple strategy for denoising an image is to separate it into smooth and nonsmooth parts, or equivalently, low-frequency and high-frequency components. This decomposition can then be applied recursively to the lowpass component to generate a multiscale representation. The lower frequency subbands are smoother, and thus can be subsampled to allow a more efficient representation, generally known as a multiscale pyramid. The resulting collection of frequency subbands contains the exact same information as the input image, but as one shall see, it has been separated in such a way that it is more easily distinguished from noise.
van der Waals Dispersion Force Between Three Atoms or Molecules

Working within the electric dipole approximation, the leading non-additive retarded three-body dispersion potential is evaluated. Again two virtual photons are exchanged between each coupled pair. In order to avoid the use of sixth-order perturbation theory, necessitated when the interaction Hamiltonian is linear in the electric displacement field, a canonical transformation is performed on the \(- \varepsilon_{0}^{ - 1} \vec{\mu } \cdot \vec{d}^{ \bot }\) form to yield an effective two-photon coupling Hamiltonian that is quadratic in the displacement field. Third-order perturbation theory is then used to obtain the dispersion energy shift, which holds for a scalene triangle configuration. At short inter-particle separation distance , the Axilrod-Teller-Muto result originally derived via semi-classical theory is reproduced. Explicit expressions for interaction energies corresponding to equilateral and right-angled triangle, and collinear geometries are also presented, along with their asymptotically limiting forms. Whether the dispersion force is attractive or repulsive depends on the spatial arrangement of the three objects.
Conflict and Compatibility? Developmental Idealism and Gendered Differences in Marital Choice

Developmental idealism (DI) theory suggests that individuals who endorse DI schemas about marriage are more likely to choose their own spouses and do so for love. Such DI schemas conflict with South Asian gender schemas about marriage for women, but not for men. In turn, such conflict and compatibility may create gender differences in incorporating DI into expectations and experiences of marital choice and love in South Asia. Connections between endorsing DI as an abstract model of the world and using DI as a concrete guide for marriage may also differ by gender. Using survey data from Nepal, the author finds that men are more likely than women to expect to choose their own spouse and do so for love. Their parents' expectations show the same gender differences. Men are also more likely to choose their own spouses in practice. Connections between abstract and concrete DI are not stronger among men though.
Low power architecture for motion compensation in a 4K Ultra-HD AVC and HEVC video codec system

Motion Compensation in Video Codec is a step where blocks of pixels from Reference Picture are fetched and interpolated to form the prediction image for the current picture being processed. There are several challenges in implementing this functionality in hardware - (1) to identify the minimum set of reference pixels needed to give the required prediction image in an efficient manner from external memory, (2) to fetch these pixels from the external memory at a rate to match the 4K Ultra HD frame processing and (3) to perform the processing in a power optimal manner. This paper describes architecture for motion compensation hardware which integrates command preparation, a 2D reference pixel data caching scheme, a DMA engine and a power efficient pixel interpolation engine. The 2D caching technique helps in reducing the LPDDR2 SDRAM power for a 4k Ultra-HD decoder by up to 70 mW and bandwidth by 800 MB/s (50% reduction), increasing the typical 1080p30 HDMI playback time by 2 hours. The motion compensation hardware module dissipates 3 mW for 1080p30 decode.
Hello, Friend: Cybersecurity Issues in Season One of Mr. Robot

ABSTRACTMr. Robot is a cyber-thriller television show that premiered on USA Network during the summer of 2015. Apart from quickly becoming a cult hit, the show was lauded for accurately portraying hacker culture. The goal of this article is to isolate three specific cybersecurity issues that recur through the first season of Mr. Robot: personal cybersecurity, corporate cybersecurity, and remote access Trojans; and to determine what laws the characters are in violation of as well as recent case law that can be applied to them.
Segmented time series visualization tool for additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing promises to deliver the ability to build complex shapes and parts while using raw materials more efficiently than traditional manufacturing approaches. However, material scientists are continually striving to understand how complex build parameters affect the 3D printing process and the quality of the final product. Understanding the intricate relationships between parameters and final product will yield the opportunity for automatic tuning of variables to ensure consistency of quality across build iterations.
Prokinetic effects of neurokinin-2 receptor agonists on the bladder and rectum of rats with acute spinal cord transection

The suitability of various neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor agonists and routes of administration to elicit on-demand voiding of the bladder and bowel, as future therapy for individuals with spinal cord injury, was examined using a rat model. The current study examined the feasibility of alternative routes of administration, which are more practical for clinical use than intravenous (IV) administration. Voiding and isovolumetric cystometry were recorded in anesthetized, acutely spinalized, female rats after IV, subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), intranasal (IN), or sublingual (SL) administration of [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10) (LMN-NKA). Administration of LMN-NKA (1-10μg/kg IV; 10-300μg/kg SC or IM; 15-1000μg/kg IN or 300-1500μg/kg SL) elicited rapid-onset, short-duration, dose-related increases in bladder pressure and voiding with the rank order for time of both onset and duration being IV < IN < SC = IM < SL. The incidence of voiding was dependent on the dose and route, with all routes resulting in a high voiding efficiency (~ 70%). Like LMN-NKA, neurokinin A (NKA 1-100μg/kg IV) and GR 64349 (0.1-30μg/kg IV or 1-300μg/kg SC) produced rapid-onset, short-duration increases in bladder pressure, as well as colorectal pressure. Administration of vehicle never produced bladder or rectal contractions or voiding. Transient hypotension was observed after IV injection of LMN-NKA, which was less pronounced after SC injection. Hypotension was not apparent with GR 64349. In conclusion, selective NK2 receptor agonists, administered through various non-IV routes of administration, may provide a safe, convenient, and efficacious method for inducing voiding.
Interpreting Black History: Toward a Black History Framework for Teacher Education:

I argue in this article that a close examination of preservice teachers’ Black history knowledge is needed to possibly improve curricular and instructional approaches of Black education. Seven pres...