cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential behavioral effects of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan in vervet monkeys: influence of catecholaminergic systems.

In previous studies tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) treatments produced opposite effects on aggression and vigilance and differing effects on eating and locomoting in vervet monkeys. This study examined the effects of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, and the catecholamine reuptake inhibitor desmethylimipramine (DMI) on tryptophan and 5-HTP induced behavioral changes. Thirty-two adult males from 16 different social groups were studied. Tryptophan (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day) produced dose-dependent reductions in aggression, vigilance, and locomotion and increases in eating. In contrast, 5-HTP (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day) increased aggression and vigilance and did not affect locomotion or eating. Fluoxetine (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg/day) produced effects identical to tryptophan while DMI (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg/day) resulted in dose-dependent increases in aggression, vigilance, and locomotion, and decrements in eating. When combined with tryptophan, fluoxetine augmented and DMI diminished the effects of tryptophan on all behaviors. Fluoxetine decreased and DMI increased the effects of 5-HTP on aggression and vigilance. Thus concurrent DMI enhanced and concurrent fluoxetine reduced the differences between 5-HTP and tryptophan. These results suggest that 5-HTP's effects on catecholaminergic systems may underlie the differing behavioral effects of tryptophan and 5-HTP on behavior in a species closely related to humans.
Measurement of the density shift of the H2 Q(0-5) transitions from 295 to 1000 K.

We report results of a high-resolution inverse Raman spectroscopy study of the dependence on temperature and rotational quantum number J of the Raman Q-branch self-density-shift coefficients of pure (natural) hydrogen. The population-correlated J dependence of these coefficients, previously established at lower temperatures as a ``coupling shift,'' is observed to persist, almost independent of temperature, up to 1000 K. The temperature dependence of the overall shift is found to disagree above 500 K with extrapolations of recent theoretical calculations.
A Photographic Method for the Documentation of Neuromotor Problems and Effects of Treatment

Clinical observations have shown differing motor activity between normal children with spastic cerebral palsy. Treatment approaches have been developed to treat neuromotot disorders such as those seen in children with cerebral palsy. Although these approaches have gained widespread clinical acceptance, critics maintain they lack objective validation. In order to assess whether or not these treatment approaches produce clinical results which can be objectively described, an adequate method for documenting change in motor patterns which is amenable to use by clinicians in a clinical setting is needed. Such a method should have several characteristics, including the following. First, it should limit disturbance of the subjects' normal environment, since disorders of muscle tone are adversely affected by emotions such as fear. Second, while being simple and usable in a clinical setting, the method must have demonstrated that it can detect differences between normal and abnormal movement, thereby permitting ev...
Contamination studies of the Pegasus fairing separation

A series of vacuum simulation tests were conducted to characterize the possible contamination of payload surfaces due to separation of the Pegasus fairing. This paper presents the test philosophy, experimental approach and the contaminant levels found, compared to MIL-STD- 1246B. These tests show that the Pegasus fairing separation using the frangible base joint and nose bolt nut results in Level 500 payload surfaces. The source of Zn particles near the bottom of the test payload needs to be found.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Participation without Representation? Senior Opinion, Legislative Behavior, and Federal Health Reform

Why do legislators sometimes engage in behavior that deviates from the expressed policy preferences of constituents who participate in politics at high rates? We examine this puzzle in the context of Democratic legislators' representation of their senior citizen constituents on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA). We find that legislators' roll-call votes on the ACA did not reflect the stated preferences of their respective senior constituents; by contrast, these roll-call votes did reflect the preferences of nonsenior adults. We draw upon a theoretical framework developed by Mansbridge to explain this apparent nonresponsiveness to seniors on the ACA. This framework distinguishes between promissory representation, whereby legislators merely respond to constituents' preferences, and anticipatory representation, whereby legislators respond to constituents' underlying policy interests, even when such interests conflict with expressed preferences. By considering the Medicare provisions in the ACA and analyzing Democratic legislators' floor speeches on health reform, we provide preliminary evidence that members of Congress engaged in anticipatory representation of their senior constituents by attempting to educate seniors about how the ACA serves their policy interests.
Object Detection Using Their Multispectral Properties

Detection of objects is an important task of computer vision systems. In this paper we present the development of an object detection system to be useful while analyzing multispectral images. In this formulation general knowledge about spectral characteristics of the objects to be detected is utilized in the search for their location in an image. Efficiency of the system is derived by using a hierarchical framework with pyramid data structure to store multiresolution, multispectral copies of an image. At every level of processing a fuzzy cluster analysis algorithm is utilized to uncover the membership of individual picture elements. These membership values are used with the general knoweldge of spectral properties of objects to guide the search for their locations. The methodology is tested using several experiments involving multispectral satellite and aerial images. The system is shown to be successful in efficient detection of objects such as rivers, roads, and various types of buildings.
On the accuracy and efficiency of discontinuous Galerkin, spectral difference and correction procedure via reconstruction methods

Numerical accuracy and efficiency of several discontinuous high-order methods, including the quadrature-based discontinuous Galerkin (QDG), nodal discontinuous Galerkin (NDG), spectral difference (SD) and flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR), for the conservation laws are analyzed and compared on both linear and curved quadrilateral elements. On linear elements, all the above schemes are one-dimensional in each natural coordinate direction. However, on curved elements, not all schemes can be reduced to a one-dimensional form, although the SD and CPR formulations remain one-dimensional by design. The efficiency and accuracy of various formulations are compared on highly skewed curved elements. Several benchmark problems are simulated to further evaluate the performance of these schemes.
Alcohol and benzodiazepines: withdrawal syndromes

A mixed alcohol-benzodiazepine (BD) addiction was recognized in 25 alcoholics who were admitted for detoxification. They experienced a withdrawal syndrome, atypical for alcoholics, starting 2--10 days after abrupt discontinuation of drugs and characterized by more psychomotor and less autonomic nervous system signs than is usual in alcohol withdrawal. The timing and nature of the specific symptoms in the mixed sedative addiction resembled BD withdrawal. Treatment with tapering oral barbiturates after sedative tolerance tests was effective. Awareness of the mixed alcohol--BD addiction should result in improved recognition and treatment.
Practical implications of chip-level statistical electromigration

The accurate setting of electromigration (EM) design guidelines early is necessary to achieve chip-level fail goals. The issue is even more critical with the recognition of the percentage fail as a stochastic issue based on the individual EM elements. The challenge is the degree to fix those elements prior to the knowledge of chip-level fail rate. This paper will demonstrate a test case and approaches to early design guidelines which have shown success at meeting chip-level EM fail goals
Laser isotope separation of deuterium

Abstract Highly selective isotope separation of deuterium has been demonstrated in laser-irradiated formaldehyde mixtures of H 2 CO and HDCO. Single step deuterium enrichment factors of 14 were achieved by photodissociation into HD and CO, using HeCd laser light at 325.03 nm. Initial deuterium concentration ranged from 0.015 mole percent (natural abundance) to 5 mole percent.
Differences in treatments and outcomes for idiopathic scoliosis patients treated in the United States from 1998 to 2007: impact of socioeconomic variables and ethnicity

Abstract Background context Scoliosis is a significant cause of disability and health-care resource utilization in the United States. Purpose Our aim was to evaluate potential disparities in the selection of treatments and outcomes for idiopathic scoliosis patients on a national level. To date, only one study has examined inpatient complications, discharge disposition, and mortality with respect to scoliosis treatment on a national scale. Study design/setting Retrospective review of cases having a primary diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) administrative data from 1998 to 2007. Patient sample The NIS data were queried to identify patients with a primary diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] diagnosis code: 737.30) admitted routinely. Surgically treated patients were identified as those patients who underwent a spinal fusion (ICD-9-Clinical Modification code: 81.08) as a principal procedure. Outcome measures Rates of surgical versus nonsurgical treatments were measured as were inhospital complications and mortality rates. Methods No external funding was received for this work. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluated race, sex, socioeconomic factors, and hospital characteristics as predictors of surgical versus nonsurgical treatments, as well as inhospital complications and mortality rates. Results The study analyzed 9,077 surgically and 1,098 nonsurgically treated patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Univariate analysis showed both patient- and hospital-level variables as strongly associated with surgical versus nonsurgical treatments and outcomes. Multivariate analysis revealed that Caucasians and private insurance patients were more likely to undergo surgical treatment (p Conclusions Differences were found in the selection of surgical versus nonsurgical treatments, as well as inhospital morbidity for hospitalized idiopathic scoliosis patients based on ethnic and socioeconomic variables. This may in part be because of differences in access to the resources of large teaching hospitals for different ethnic and socioeconomic groups or variability in severity of scoliosis among these groups that was not captured in this database.
Aluminum alters calcium influx and efflux from bone in vitro.

Aluminum alters calcium influx and efflux from bone in vitro. Aluminum retention can cause osteomalacia and adynamic lesions of bone in patients undergoing long-term dialysis. It is not known, however, whether aluminum inhibits the mineralization of bone directly or whether alterations in osteoblastic function mediate this response. To examine this issue, the uptake of 45 Ca by 14-day embryonic chick calvaria was measured in vitro. Comparative studies were done in living and devitalized tissues to evaluate the role of bone cells in aluminum-related changes in 45 Ca uptake. Aluminum was added to serum-free media as the citrate complex, and paired hemicalvaria maintained in equimolar sodium citrate served as controls. Aluminum citrate decreased the uptake of 45 Ca into bone during 24 hour incubations to 76 ± 3% and 38 ± 2% (x ± SD) of control values at 10 µM and 100 µM aluminum, respectively. No change in 45 Ca uptake was observed at the end of four hour incubations with 100 µM aluminum citrate, whereas 45 Ca uptake decreased from 356 ± 48 to 266 ± 36 cpm/µg bone, P 45 Ca uptake were eliminated, however, in devitalized tissues, and reductions in 45 Ca uptake during incubations with aluminum were markedly attenuated by lowering the media phosphorus level from 4.0mM to 2.0mM. In separate studies, both 10 µM and 100 µM aluminum increased 45 Ca release from live calvaria by 62 ± 6% and 73 ± 4%, respectively, during 24 hour incubations; this response was only partially blunted in devitalized bones. The results suggest that bone cells participate in aluminum-induced reductions in tissue calcification in vitro. Aluminum may also enhance calcium mobilization from bone by a cell-independent mechanism.
Static and Dynamic Effects of Crowders on Mechanical Unfolding of Proteins

We have analyzed the mechanical unfolding of I-27 in the presence of molecular crowders of different size and concentration. It is widely appreciated that molecular crowders will affect the ground and transition state free energies, and thus provide insights into the folding process. In addition to this thermodynamic effect, however, there is also a substantial effect of the viscosity of the crowded solution on the cantilever. This effect can be quantified and used to correct unfolding forces measured by atomic force spectroscopy.To account for this effect, the viscous force on the cantilever was calculated, taking into account both the shape of the cantilever as well as the relative velocity of the cantilever respect to the liquid following a procedure described in a previous work. We found that at speeds of 1000 nm/s with a concentration of 300 g/l of 40 kDa Dextran, the drag force can be up to 33% of the total force, while at lower concentrations or smaller molecular sizes, this effect could almost be neglected.After correction, the unfolding forces increased monotonically for all crowders and concentrations. Unfolding rates at zero-force thus showed a monotonic decrease, both with concentration as well as with the crowder size.The results argue that crowding can substantially increase the free energy barrier at the transition state creating an even more compact ground state in the presence of crowders.We modeled the change of free energy using Minton-Ogston's and as well as scaled particle theory, but the crowding effect could not be fully described by either of them, possibly due to the structure of Dextran, especially at higher concentrations.
A data-mining approach to predict influent quality

In wastewater treatment plants, predicting influent water quality is important for energy management. The influent water quality is measured by metrics such as carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), potential of hydrogen, and total suspended solid. In this paper, a data-driven approach for time-ahead prediction of CBOD is presented. Due to limitations in the industrial data acquisition system, CBOD is not recorded at regular time intervals, which causes gaps in the time–series data. Numerous experiments have been performed to approximate the functional relationship between the input and output parameters and thereby fill in the missing CBOD data. Models incorporating seasonality effects are investigated. Four data-mining algorithms—multilayered perceptron, classification and regression tree, multivariate adaptive regression spline, and random forest—are employed to construct prediction models with the maximum prediction horizon of 5 days.
Contact activation of heparinized plasma.

Abstract We investigated the celite activation of coagulation in heparinized plasma. Celite is shown, using the thrombelastograph, to produce clotting in plasma samples containing pharmacologic levels of heparin (e.g. 1.45 U/ml). We demonstrate that the celite-induced clotting involves Hageman factor, requires calcium, and is not due to celite absorption of heparin. Incubation at 37°C of celite activated plasma samples prior to recalcification, causes a progressive loss in coagulation potential. Unheparinized samples do not exhibit a similar loss. We found that the minimum concentration of heparin required to prevent celite-activated coagulation also reduces celite-activated esterase activity. Massive contact activation is suggested as the most likely explanation for the observed clotting of heparinized samples. Qualitative effects of cellular elements in the plasma are also reported. Finally, the results suggest that using celite activated samples in the thrombelastograph is an improved method for clinical monitoring of heparin effectiveness.
Disclosure of traumas and psychosomatic processes

Results from a series of studies are summarized in support of a general theory of inhibition and psychosomatics. According to this view, to inhibit thoughts, feelings, or behaviors is associated with physiological work. In the short term, inhibition results in increased autonomic nervous system activity. Over time, inhibition serves as a cumulative stressor that increases the probability of psychosomatic disease. Actively avoiding thoughts and feelings surrounding a trauma and/or not discussing a trauma is a particularly insidious form of inhibition. The results from recent surveys and experiments indicate: (a) childhood traumatic experiences, particularly those never discussed, are highly correlated with current health problems; (b) recent traumas that are not discussed are linked with increased health problems and ruminations about the traumas; (c) requiring individuals to confront earlier traumas in writing improves health and immune system functioning; (d) actively talking about upsetting experiences is associated with immediate reductions in selected autonomic activity. Implications of these findings for our understanding of disclosure, trauma, and disease are discussed.
“What am I supposed to fall back on?” Cultural Literacy in Criminal Justice ethics

Thoughts expressed in this article were derived from Thornberry's “Cultural Literacy in Criminology” and Seigel and Zalman's “Cultural Literacy in Criminal Justice.” Given the newness of teaching ethics in criminal justice, this article underscores (a) the role of ethics in criminal justice, (b) cultural literacy in criminal justice ethics, (c) major unethical perspectives in criminal justice that need to be addressed, (d) core areas and core literature that constitute cultural literacy, and (e) a final word about some pitfalls in teaching criminal justice ethics. The core areas were identified as (a) the philosophy of ethics, (b) moral rules and moral judgment, (c) justice theories, (d) ethics of public service, and (e) ethics of criminal justice agencies. Ten teaching sources were selected for each area, and were ethically ordered—alphabetically.
On the polarimetric variability of Y Cygni

The behavior of the B-band polarimetric data of Y Cygni is analyzed. A period search of the data indicates that the only significant periods arise due to the frequency with which the system had been observed. Around the eclipsing phases there is evidence to suggest that the primary star possesses a stellar wind. speculations regarding the possible envelope geometry are also commented upon.
Plasma Manganese Concentrations in Infants and Children Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

Manganese is excreted primarily via the bile. The objective of this study was to determine if plasma Mn concentrations were elevated in infants and children fed intravenously who developed cholestatic liver disease. An additional aim was to determine the Mn content of intravenous solutions. The study included nine subjects with normal liver function (group A) and five subjects who developed cholestatic liver disease while fed intravenously (group B). Serum total bilirubin in group B had been elevated for 1 wk to 5 months prior to entry into this study. Mean plasma Mn for group A was 0.79 +/- 0.18 ng/ml, which was similar to that for adult controls. The mean for group B was 3.06 +/- 2.07 ng Mn/ml which was significantly higher (p less than 0.005). Plasma Mn was correlated positively with serum total bilirubin (r = 0.874, p less than 0.001). In four group B subjects studied longitudinally, plasma Mn declined. This decline was associated with a decline in serum total bilirubin in one subject and both a decline in serum total bilirubin and a reduction in, or a cessation of, supplemental intravenous Mn in two subjects. In the fourth subject, hepatic dysfunction remained severe, but plasma Mn declined to a near normal value after discontinuing supplemental intravenous Mn. The mean Mn contamination in the final intravenous infusate was 5.1 +/- 2.1 micrograms Mn/1. In conclusion, it is recommended that plasma Mn concentrations be monitored in patients fed intravenously who have evidence of cholestatic liver disease. If monitoring is not feasible, Mn supplements should be withheld.
Noncontingent reinforcement is an empirically supported treatment for problem behavior exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities

Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a function-based treatment for problem behavior that has produced robust effects across a variety of response topographies and reinforcement functions among individuals with developmental disabilities. Several narrative reviews have adequately described this literature. The purpose of the present article was to quantitatively analyze and classify the empirical support for NCR using the criteria developed by The Task Force on the Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures [Task Force Promoting Dissemination of Psychological Procedures. (1995). Training in and dissemination of empirically-validated psychological treatments: Report and recommendations. Clinical Psychology, 48, 3-23]. Of the 59 studies identified for analysis, 24 met the criteria to be included in treatment classification. Fixed-time reinforcer delivery (plus extinction and schedule thinning) was classified as well established, while fixed-time reinforcer delivery (plus extinction) and variable-time reinforcer delivery (plus extinction) were deemed probably efficacious.
Internet addiction disorder and problematic use of Google Glass™ in patient treated at a residential substance abuse treatment program.

Abstract Introduction Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is characterized by the problematic use of online video games, computer use, and mobile handheld devices. While not officially a clinical diagnosis according to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), individuals with IAD manifest severe emotional, social, and mental dysfunction in multiple areas of daily activities due to their problematic use of technology and the internet. Method We report a 31 year-old man who exhibited problematic use of Google Glass™. The patient has a history of a mood disorder most consistent with a substance induced hypomania overlaying a depressive disorder, anxiety disorder with characteristics of social phobia and obsessive compulsive disorder, and severe alcohol and tobacco use disorders. Results During his residential treatment program at the Navy's Substance Abuse and Recovery Program (SARP) for alcohol use disorder, it was noted that the patient exhibited significant frustration and irritability related to not being able to use his Google Glass™. The patient exhibited a notable, nearly involuntary movement of the right hand up to his temple area and tapping it with his forefinger. He reported that if he had been prevented from wearing the device while at work, he would become extremely irritable and argumentative. Conclusions Over the course of his 35-day residential treatment, the patient noted a reduction in irritability, reduction in motor movements to his temple to turn on the device, and improvements in his short-term memory and clarity of thought processes. He continued to intermittently experience dreams as if looking through the device. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of IAD involving problematic use of Google Glass™.
Translation norms for English and Spanish: The role of lexical variables, word class, and L2 proficiency in negotiating translation ambiguity

We present a set of translation norms for 670 English and 760 Spanish nouns, verbs and class ambiguous items that varied in their lexical properties in both languages, collected from 80 bilingual participants. Half of the words in each language received more than a single translation across participants. Cue word frequency and imageability were both negatively correlated with number of translations. Word class predicted number of translations: Nouns had fewer translations than did verbs, which had fewer translations than class-ambiguous items. The translation probability of specific responses was positively correlated with target word frequency and imageability, and with its form overlap with the cue word. Translation choice was modulated by L2 proficiency: Less proficient bilinguals tended to produce lower probability translations than more proficient bilinguals, but only in forward translation, from L1 to L2. These findings highlight the importance of translation ambiguity as a factor influencing bilingual representation and performance. The norms can also provide an important resource to assist researchers in the selection of experimental materials for studies of bilingual and monolingual language performance. These norms may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.
Complex triarylsulphonium salt photoinitiators

Abstract The synthesis of complex triarylsulphonium salts bearing chromophores which absorb in the long wavelength UV has been achieved. These new photoinitiators display an enhanced efficiency in the cationic polymerisation of limonene dioxide when irradiated at wavelengths greater than 280 nm.
Large deflections of circular plates under uniform and concentrated central loads

Die gewohnlichen von Karman-Foppl-Gleichungen fur grosse Durchbiegungen einer kreisformigen Platte unter kombinierter, gleichmassiger und konzentrierter Belastung werden in Potenzreihen gelost.
Absorption of infrared radiation by electrons in the field of a neutral hydrogen atom

An analytical expression for the absorption coefficient is developed from a relationship between the cross-section for inverse bremsstrahlung absorption and the cross-section for electron-atom momentum transfer; it is accurate for those photon frequencies v and temperatures such that hv/kT is small. The determination of the absorption of infrared radiation by free-free transitions of the negative hydrogen ion has been extended to higher temperatures. A simple analytical expression for the absorption coefficient has been derived.
Urea fertilization and foliar nutrient composition of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarc.)

Abstract Foliar mineral contents of hemlock stands in coastal and Cascade Mountain zones of the Pacific Northwest were studied to determine the effect of urea fertilization on foliar nutrients. The results demonstrate that mineral concentrations vary among foliage age classes, stands, and zones. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and B were significantly higher in the Cascade Mountain stands than in the coastal stands. Urea fertilization significantly increased the N content in all age classes of foliage but reduced the concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al and B, especially in coastal stands. The poor response of coastal stands to urea fertilization, therefore, is probably due to further reduction in already low foliar levels of essential nutrients other than N.
THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

This article presents an evaluation of the global marketplace and contemporary changes. The author offers observations and insights in the areas of dynamic world geography and internationalisation of business. Numerous examples are given for the arguments and a number of implications are offered.
A multi‐attribute approach to understanding shopper segments

The purpose of this paper is to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of a mall as viewed by two shopper segments: those shoppers who prefer to shop there, versus those who favor a competitor mall. The importance‐performance technique is used in analyzing the data. Study results and their implications are discussed.
Dephosphorylation and activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by phosphorylase phosphatase.

Abstract Acetyl-CoA carboxylase from rat epididymal fat tissue is activated by phosphorylase phosphatase, a reaction which is inhibited by phosphatase inhibitor-1. This activation is accompanied by a corresponding loss of 32P from the labelled enzyme. These results establish that dephosphorylation of the enzyme causes its activation.
Satisfaction with health care: A predictor of adolescents' appointment keeping

Adolescents are assuming greater responsibility for their own health care, yet have a high rate of broken appointments. The importance of satisfaction with their health care in determining appointment compliance has been demonstrated for adult patients. The purpose of the present study was to explore patient satisfaction among teenagers and its relationship to appointment keeping. A short, reliable instrument was developed to assess adolescent patients' satisfaction with their clinic care. The patient's satisfaction was highly correlated with subsequent compliance in coming for appointments. Satisfaction, hence, appointment keeping, was higher in females, older adolescents, those making their own initial clinic appointment, those with a positive body image, and those scoring high on a test of personal freedom.
Enhancing and Sustaining AMG 009 Dissolution from a Matrix Tablet Via Microenvironmental pH Modulation and Supersaturation

The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of pH modifiers and nucleation inhibitors on enhancing and sustaining the dissolution of AMG 009 tablet via supersaturation. Several bases and polymers were added as pH modifiers and nucleation inhibitors, respectively, to evaluate their impact on the dissolution of AMG 009 tablets. The results indicate that sodium carbonate, among the bases investigated, enhanced AMG 009 dissolution the most. HPMC E5 LV, among the nucleation inhibitors tested, was the most effective in sustaining AMG 009 supersaturation. The release of AMG 009 went from 4% for tablets which did not contain both sodium carbonate and HPMC E5 LV to 70% for the ones that did, resulting in a 17.5-fold increase in the extent of dissolution. The effect of compression force and disintegrant on the dissolution of tablets were also evaluated. The results indicate that compression force had no effect on AMG 009 release. The addition of disintegrating agents, on the other hand, decreased the dissolution of AMG 009.
Cdc5L interacts with ATR and is required for the S-phase cell-cycle checkpoint

Cell division cycle 5-like protein (Cdc5L) is a core component of the putative E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing Prp19/Pso4, Plrg1 and Spf27. This complex has been shown to have a role in pre-messenger RNA splicing from yeast to humans; however, more recent studies have described a function for this complex in the cellular response to DNA damage. Here, we show that Cdc5L interacts physically with the cell-cycle checkpoint kinase ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR). Depletion of Cdc5L by RNA-mediated interference methods results in a defective S-phase cell-cycle checkpoint and cellular sensitivity in response to replication-fork blocking agents. Furthermore, we show that Cdc5L is required for the activation of downstream effectors or mediators of ATR checkpoint function such as checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), cell cycle checkpoint protein Rad 17 (Rad17) and Fanconi anaemia complementation group D2 protein (FancD2). In addition, we have mapped the ATR-binding region in Cdc5L and show that a deletion mutant that is unable to interact with ATR is defective in the rescue of the checkpoint deficiency in Cdc5L-depleted cells. These findings show a new function for Cdc5L in the regulation of the ATR-mediated cell-cycle checkpoint in response to genotoxic agents.
Property values, parks, and crime: A hedonic analysis in Baltimore, MD

While urban parks are generally considered to be a positive amenity, past research suggests that some parks are perceived as a neighborhood liability. Using hedonic analysis of property data in Baltimore, MD, we attempted to determine whether crime rate mediates how parks are valued by the housing market. Transacted price was regressed against park proximity, area-weighted robbery and rape rates for the Census block groups encompassing the parks, and an interaction term, adjusting for a number of other variables. Four models were estimated, including one where selling price was log-transformed but distance to park was not, one where both were log-transformed, a Box-Cox regression, and a spatially adjusted regression. All results indicate that park proximity is positively valued by the housing market where the combined robbery and rape rates for a neighborhood are below a certain threshold rate but negatively valued where above that threshold. Depending on which model is used, this threshold occurs at a crime index value of between 406 and 484 (that is, between 406% and 484% of the national average; the average rate by block group for Baltimore is 475% of the national average). For all models, the further the crime index value is from the threshold value for a particular property, the steeper the relationship is between park proximity and home value.
Building accurate Spice models for multi-Gbps interconnect in computer systems

In this paper, we established an efficient methodology to build accurate Spice models for multi-Gbps interconnects in computer systems. The transmission lines are modeled with frequency dependent RLGC matrices, with surface roughness included. The vertical discontinuities are mod-eled with full-wave EM solver, and converted to equivalent Spice models through rational function approximation. VNA measurements were performed on a typical multi-Gbps interconnect that includes package, socket, PCB and via, etc. Calculated S parameters with the Spice models correlate very well to measurement data from DC up to 14GHz or higher.
Sex Differences in Major Bleeding With Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors Results From the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines) Initiative

Background— Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors are beneficial in patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS); their safe use in women, however, remains a concern. The contribution of dosing to the observed sex-related differences in bleeding is unknown. Methods and Results— We explored the relationship between patient sex, GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use, dose, and bleeding in 32 601 patients with NSTE ACS across 400 CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) hospitals, of whom 18 436 were treated. GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor dose was defined as excessive if not reduced when creatinine clearance was <50 mL/min for eptifibatide or <30 mL/min for tirofiban. Major bleeding was defined as a hematocrit drop ≥0.12, need for transfusion, or intracranial bleeding. Major bleeding was adjusted for clinical factors and antithrombotic dose. The risk for bleeding attributable to excess GP IIb/II...
The electrode system in impedance-based ventilation measurement

The authors determined which electrode types, sizes, and locations were best suited for impedance-based ventilation measurement. They compared 14 electrodes from two main groups: adhesive-gel and conductive rubber electrodes. Adhesive-gel electrodes were easy to apply, made good body contact, and did not slip during the course of the experiment. Higher signal-to-motion artifact ratios (SARs) were obtained when electrode area was increased by connecting several small electrodes together rather than by using a single electrode with a large area. The peak SAR was achieved when two electrode arrays (area=70 cm/sup 2/) were centered at the eighth intercostal spaces on opposite midaxillary lines. To determine the optimal electrode locations, the authors placed 32 electrodes on the trunk and recorded impedance between 171 electrode combinations on ten normal adult subjects. The data indicate that the SARs are highest when one electrode is place on the midpoint between the left and right second intercostal spaces on the sternum and the other electrode is placed in the opposite position on the back. >
Full-Scale Measurements of Wave Impact Loading on a Flat Plate

Full scale measurements of wave impact loads and their statistics in real sea states are desirable for validation of numerical simulations and for application to marine engineering design problems. Measuring and/or estimating wave forces on flat plates are especially problematic due to statistics of large waves in a given sea state, the intermittent statistics of wave breaking, the sensitivity of the loading relative to the phase of the incoming wave and scaling issues when translating from model scale data to full-scale. To increase our understanding of wave hydrodynamic pressures on a flat plate, an instrumented plate was deployed from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s research pier. The instrumented plate is exposed to a wide range of wave conditions with Hs ranging from 3–4 m in the winter and with Hs in the 1–2 m range in the summer. The instrumented flat plate is composed of three discrete modules containing 6 pressure gages. Data are being collected over a extended period, nominally 12 months, to characterize extreme value distributions due to wave impact loading.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Combination of Pentamidine and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in the Therapy of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Rats

Treatment with either pentamidine isethionate or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole significantly reduces the mortality of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. It is not known whether a combination might act in an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic manner. We studied the interaction of these two agents in the steroid-conditioned rat model of pneumocystosis. Of animals receiving pentamidine alone, 48% died and 45% had P. carinii cysts at autopsy. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone resulted in 21% mortality, and cysts were found in 28%. Both agents in full doses resulted in 45% deaths and cysts in 37%. Animals treated with half-dosages of pentamidine plus trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole had mortality of 35%, and 21% had cysts. Trimethoprim alone, in two dosages, was ineffective in eradicating P. carinii cysts. The data suggest that combination therapy is no more effective than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone in the treatment of P. carinii pneumonia.
Treatment of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus with Quinupristin/Dalfopristin and High-Dose Ampicillin

OBJECTIVE:To report the successful treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bacteremia using the combination of quinupristin/dalfopristin and high-dose ampicillin.CASE SUMMARY:A 38-year-old African American woman with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and neutropenic fever developed VRE bacteremia following 3 successive courses of vancomycin for methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. Treatment with linezolid was initiated; however, after 9 days of therapy, blood cultures continued to reveal VRE and the patient became febrile. The patient was subsequently switched to quinupristin/dalfopristin and high-dose ampicillin. The fever resolved and all subsequent blood cultures were negative after the initiation of combination therapy.DISCUSSION:The emergence of VRE infections presents a treatment challenge in immunocompromised patients. When treating VRE infections in this patient population, the effectiveness of linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin is limited by their bacteriostatic activi...
Classifying Structural Characteristics to Enhance Computation of Enthalpy of Formation of Halohydrocarbons

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are made and least squares calibration performed for various halohydrocabons, which were 27 straight-chain alkyl halides, 20 branch-chain alkyl halides and 19 aromatic halides, to determine their enthalpies of formation (ΔH f ). The mean absolute error (M. |A.E.|) in ΔH f across 66 molecular computations was only 7.8 kJ/mol (1.9 kcal/mol). Grouping the molecules by their structural characteristics improved M. |A.E.| of ΔH f by 0.2-2.2 kJ/mol over that obtained using corresponding modified data for the same 66 unclassified molecules.
A sex-averaged genetic linkage map in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var 'menziesii ') based on RFLP and RAPD markers

We have constructed a sex-averaged genetic linkage map in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var ‘menziesii’) using a three-generation outcrossed pedigree and molecular markers. Our research objectives are to learn about genome organization and to identify markers associated with adaptive traits. The map reported here is comprised of 141 markers organized into 17 linkage groups and covers 1,062 centiMorgans (cM). Of the markers positioned on the map, 94 were derived from a Douglas-fir complimentary-DNA (cDNA) library that was constructed from new-growth needle tissue. Other markers include 11 Douglas-fir genomic-DNAs, 20 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) cDNAs, 15 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and a PCR-amplified phytochrome probe. A high degree of variation was detected in each of the two parents of our mapping population, and many of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and RAPD phenotypes were complex. Marker data were analyzed for linkage using mapping software JOINMAP version 2.0.
Spin Exchange Effects on the Physicochemical Properties of Tetraoxolene-Bridged Bimetallic Complexes

The synthesis, physical, and spectroscopic properties of a series of metal complexes bridged by the redox-active chloranilate ligand are described. Compounds containing the (CAcat,cat)4- ligand, where (CAcat,cat)4- represents the fully reduced aromatic form of chloranilate, have been prepared by two different routes from H2CA and H4CA starting materials; the corresponding (CAsq,cat)3- analogue was obtained by one-electron oxidation with decamethylferrocenium tetrafluoroborate. Homo- and heterobimetallic complexes containing CrIII and GaIII with chloranilate have been prepared, yielding the following six complexes: [Ga2(tren)2(CAcat,cat)](BPh4)2 (1), [Ga2(tren)2(CAsq,cat)](BPh4)2(BF4) (2), [GaCr(tren)2(CAcat,cat)](BPh4)2 (3), [GaCr(tren)2(CAsq,cat)](BPh4)2(BF4) (4), [Cr2(tren)2(CAcat,cat)] (BPh4)2 (5), and [Cr2(tren)2(CAsq,cat)](BPh4)2(BF4) (6) (where tren is tris(2-aminoethyl)amine). Single-crystal X-ray structures have been obtained for complexes 1, 3, and 5; nearly identical C−C bond distances within t...
Experiments on the structure and dynamics of forced, quasi-two-dimensional turbulence

Simulated upwelling fronts have been generated around the outer edge of a cylindrical tank filled with a two-layer fluid system and driven by a surface stress. Initially, an axisymmetric front was observed which subsequently became unstable to small baroclinic eddies. These eddies continued to grow until they reached an equilibrium size. Under some circumstances, cyclonic eddies pinched-off from the fully developed front and moved away from the mean position of the front into the fluid interior. Streak photographs of the fully developed flow field were digitized to generate a velocity field interpolated on to a regular grid. A direct two-dimensional Fourier transform was performed on the turbulent kinetic energy field deduced from such images and one-dimensional energy E(k) spectra were extracted. Consistent spectrum would correspond to an inverse energy cascade range; this yielded a Kolmogorov constant (C) that varied within the limits 2.8 [les ] C [les ] 3.8. The approximately k−5.5 range, which is much steeper than that predicted by the original statistical theories, is nevertheless consistent with those found frequently in numerical experiments.The spectral slopes inferred from particle dispersion methods and from one-dimensional Fourier transforms of the longitudinal velocity correlations were compared with the results obtained above and in previous laboratory experiments. In general, the global energy spectra are consistent with an interpretation of the fluid dynamics as being that of two-dimensional turbulence. This in turn implies that known properties of such flows may be invoked to explain the appearance of a number of naturally occurring phenomena in coastal upwelling fronts.
Equivariant adaptive selective transmission

In this paper, we consider the problem of selective transmission-the dual of the blind source separation task-in which a set of independent source signals are adaptively premixed prior to a nondispersive physical mixing process so that each source can be independently monitored in the far field. Following similar procedures for information-theoretic blind source separation, we derive a stochastic gradient algorithm for iteratively estimating the premixing matrix in the selective transmission problem, and through a simple modification, we obtain a second algorithm whose performance is equivariant with respect to the channel's mixing characteristics. The local stability conditions for the algorithms about any selective transmission solution are shown to be the same as those for similar source separation algorithms. Practical implementation issues are discussed, including the estimation of the combined system matrix and the reordering and scaling of the received signals within the algorithm. Mean square error-based selective transmission algorithms are also derived for performance comparison purposes. Simulations indicate the useful behavior of the premixing algorithms for selective transmission.
Degradation of juglone by soil bacteria.

Bacteria that can degrade juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) were isolated from soil beneath black walnut trees. Autecological studies with one of these bacteria (Pseudomonas J1), demonstrated that it could grow rapidly using juglone as its sole source of carbon and energy. Using nonlinear regression analysis and the Monod equation, it was determined that this bacterium had a high affinity for juglone (Ks = 0.95 μg/ml).Pseudomonas J1 can also utilize other aromatic compounds from plants as its sole source of carbon and energy. Compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawson) were rapidly degraded byPseudomonas J1. The rapid degradation of juglone and other suspected allelochemicals by soil bacteria make it unlikely that these compounds are important mediators of plant-plant interactions under natural conditions.
Phenolics in Aqueous Potato Peel Extract: Extraction, Identification and Degradation

Phenolics were extracted from potato peel waste using water or methanol. Phenolic acids in the extracts were quantified by HPLC. The greatest amounts of phenolic acids resulted when potato homogenate was refluxed with water for 30 min, yielding a total concentration of 48 mg/100 g. Four phenolic acids (chlorogcnic, gallic, protocatechuic, and caffeic) were characterized as major components. Aqueous extracts were stored 20 days and after 7 days at 25 o C exposed to light, chlorogenic acid had degraded to caffeic acid