cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social intelligence and the development of communicative competence

In this chapter, we consider social intelligence and its relationship to communicative competence. We share the position held by a substantial and growing number of psychologists that the construct of intelligence, as it has been defined and used, has been of limited utility and questionable validity in its ability to predict the ways in which individuals solve problems in everyday situations. It is necessary to develop and use an alternative construct of intelligence, which would guide research and practice, and we propose the term social intelligence to refer to the range of human competencies involved in functionally appropriate interpersonal behaviors. The ability to communicate effectively in social situations, communicative competence,is central to our conception of social intelligence.
Serum and Tissue Carnitine Assay Based on Dialysis

Carnitine (L-beta-hydroxy-gamma-trimethylaminobutyric acid) aids mitochondrial energy production by transferring fatty acids across the membranes for beta-oxidation. We describe here a modified enzymatic assay for free serum and tissue carnitine based on dialysis to remove interfering substances in the serum, with subsequent conversion of carnitine to the acyl derivative by carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) in the presence of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The method compared well with a radioenzymatic assay. The reference interval for serum is 28-70 mumol/L. Patients with advanced diabetes and those undergoing valproic acid treatment displayed lower mean values; a statistically significant number of them showed serum carnitine values below the reference interval. The method was also applied to carnitine measurement in cerebrospinal fluid and human tissues.
Pathologists and liability: an old medical story needing a new ending.

Pathologic diagnosis of breast disease is increasingly in the public’s eye1 and as such may be increasingly perceived as a high-risk area in pathology for a medical malpractice suit. In this issue of the American Journal of Clinical Pathology , Reisch and colleagues2 surveyed 252 breast pathologists regarding the extent to which their concerns over being sued for medical malpractice influenced their assurance behaviors in breast tissue diagnosis. Reisch and colleagues’ study2 provides information that pathologists are like other physicians: they have great concerns over medical malpractice. The high percentage of pathologists matches general physician surveys on concerns regarding liability suits. Of interest here is that pathologists, as the authors note, are low-frequency, high-severity defendants compared with other specialties traditionally associated with concerns of tort liability, such as neurosurgeons. So an important question is, do pathologists exhibit assurance behaviors that lead to defensive medicine? It …
From Chemical Homology to Topological Temperature: A Notion Relating the Structure and Function of Brain Polypeptides

Our program pursues a dimensionless description of underlying order in the dynamical behavior of complex neuropsychobiological systems that will be experimentally applicable across disciplinary levels [1–6]. Psychiatric research attempts to characterize patterns in differences from expectation, the dynamics of error growth in the brain as they emerge from its 37° heat bath-forced dissipative systems that operate in domains near criticality. Using psyehopharmacological perturbation [7–9], we have found that error growth functions with sensitivity to initial conditions and continuous spectra reflect a condition of long-term biological stability. Limit-cycle and quasi-periodic error dynamics augur phase transitions and broken behavioral and biochemical symmetries [6,10,11]. This circumstance appears to contrast with current abstract mathematical theory suggesting that for a hyperbolic limit set, for example that of an axiom-A diffeomorphism, a subset of the stable manifold supplies the invariant measure [12–14].
Facilitating Service Learning in the Online Technical Communication Classroom

Drawing from the author’s experience teaching online technical communication courses with an embedded service-learning component, this essay opens the discussion to the potential problems involved ...
Solid Silicon at the Melting Temperature is Crystalline

Recently it has been proposed that solid silicon at the melting temperature is amorphous. There is no known case of a solid for which an amorphous structure is the equilibrium state. Silicon thin films on insulating substrates, when heated radiantly, melt inhomogeneously and provide an accessible high temperature system for a study of a solid coexisting with its melt. Using the intensity, energy distribution and polarization of Raman scattering from silicon lamellae, we have proved that the equilibrium phase is in fact crystalline. Furthermore, we give strong evidence that the solid regions have {100} texture at Tm.
Mathematical Competitions in China

(1960). Mathematical Competitions in China. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 67, No. 8, pp. 756-762.
Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Evidence-Based Opinion

11. Goldstein LB, Bushnell CD, Adams RJ, et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council for High Blood Pressure Research; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42(2):517-584. 12. Karp HR, Flanders WD, Shipp CC, Taylor B, Martin D. Carotid endarterectomy amongMedicare beneficiaries: a statewide evaluation of appropriateness and outcome. Stroke. 1998;29(1): 46-52.
Dopamine inhibits vasopressin-dependent cAMP production in the rat cortical collecting duct

Dopamine inhibits Na+ and water reabsorption in the rat cortical collecting duct (CCD) in the presence of arginine vasopressin (AVP). This inhibition appears to involve the D4 dopamine receptor isoform, which inhibits cAMP production; however, the D1A receptor, which stimulates cAMP production, is also expressed in the CCD. To discriminate between these opposing effects, we measured cAMP production in intact CCD segments. The basal rate of cAMP production ranged from 6.5 to 10 fmol/mm of tubule length over a 7-min incubation period, and it was unaffected by either dopamine or the D1A-specific agonist fenoldopam. AVP increased cAMP production to the range of 85–153 fmol ⋅ mm−1 ⋅ 7 min−1. Whereas neither 0.1 nor 1.0 μM fenoldopam affected AVP-dependent cAMP production, dopamine reduced it in a dose-dependent manner, achieving a maximum inhibition of 50% at 10 μM. This effect was reversed by the D4 receptor antagonist clozapine but not by pimozide or spiperone (antagonists of D2 and D3 receptors) or by calph...
Radiologic Mapping for Targeted Axillary Dissection: Needle Biopsy to Excision.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the feasibility and safety of a multidisciplinary approach to imaging-guided axillary staging that facilitates personalized, less invasive surgical management of the axilla through targeted axillary dissection in patients with biopsy-proven nodal metastasis undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION. Axillary nodal status, critical in breast cancer staging, affects prognosis and treatment. As the paradigm shifts toward minimally invasive therapy, a clip marker is placed in the biopsied metastatic node for patients with N1–N2 disease undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy to facilitate targeted axillary dissection of the clipped node. This node is typically localized with a radioactive seed at sentinel lymph node dissection to determine whether further axillary surgery is warranted.
Preventing Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome within the Opioid Epidemic: A Uniform Facilitative Policy

The United States is currently in the midst of an opioid epidemic that has hit states in the southern New England regions particularly hard — with Massachusetts as one primary example. One of the many unfortunate results of the epidemic is a dramatic upsurge in cases of opioid dependency by expectant women that result in children born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). NAS is a clinical syndrome that occurs when a newborn suffers withdrawal symptoms as a consequence of abrupt discontinuation of prenatal substance exposure. The expenses of treating and rehabilitating these drug-dependent newborns, predominantly shouldered by state taxpayers, are extremely costly, with a mean cost per stay of $93,400 for pharmacologically-treated cases. This Article illustrates a policy, grounded in facilitative principles, designed to reduce incidents of NAS. Key components to the solution’s success should rely on early identification of opioid abuse or dependence during pregnancy, as well as adherence to a standardized protocol implemented uniformly throughout public hospitals state-wide. The Article concludes by reemphasizing the importance of acting promptly and assertively to protect society’s most vulnerable members from the tragic epidemic.
Neuro Anesthetic Considerations

Traumatic brain injury is a contributing factor in 30.5 % of all injury related deaths in the United States. Primary traumatic neurological injury is the damage caused by the initial trauma from mechanical impact to the skull and brain tissue due to acceleration, deceleration, rotation, or penetration. Secondary injury progresses after initial injury, resulting in additional brain damage and worsened neurological outcome. The duration of intraoperative hypotension along with hypocapnea, hypercapnea, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia can all worsen secondary brain injury. A resuscitation continuum begins at the point of injury, continues on to the operating room then to the intensive care unit. Specialized care in designated trauma centers has been demonstrated to improve outcome in patients with serious injury. Patients with traumatic brain injury will most often need endotracheal intubulation, facilitated by the use of anesthesia induction agents and muscle relaxants. Selection of the best induction agent is based on level of consciousness, need for a muscle relaxant and hemodynamic stability. Induction drugs discussed include Midazolam, Scopolamine, Flumazenil, Propofol, Etomindate, Sodium Thiopental, Ketamine, Mannitol. Hypotension, hypoxia and hyperventilation should be avoided. Hypotension occurring during the first 6 h after head injury has the highest prediction of poor neurological outcome at discharge. Volatile agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane) decrease cerebral metabolic rate while increasing cerebral blood flow. They uncouple autoregulation. However, at less than one MAC these affects are minimal and all three agents can be used at low doses in patients with traumatic brain injury. IV anesthetic agents including propofol, etomidate, and thiopental decrease cerebral blood flow, cause cerebral vasoconstriction, and decrease cerebral metabolic rate. Erythrocyte transfusions increased the cerebral tissue oxygenation in anemic patients with severe TBI with a low baseline brain tissue oxygen (PtiO2) levels (<15 mm Hg).
Monocytosis Is a Powerful and Independent Predictor of Shortened Overall and Leukemia-Free Survival in Primary Myelofibrosis

Background The Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS)-plus currently provides the most comprehensive prognostic model for primary myelofibrosis (PMF) (JCO 2011;29:392). DIPSS-pluse uses eight independent predictors of inferior survival: age >65 years, hemoglobin 25 x 109/L, circulating blasts ³1%, constitutional symptoms, unfavorable karyotype, red cell transfusion need and platelet count Methods Study patients fulfilled the 2016 WHO criteria for the diagnosis of PMF, including both pre-PMF and overt PMF (Blood. 2016;127:2391). Additional selection criteria included the availability of absolute monocyte count (AMC) and percentage at time of referral. Targeted next generation sequencing was used to screen for prognostically-relevant mutations (Blood 2015 126:354). Statistical analyses considered clinical and laboratory parameters obtained at time of initial referral to the Mayo Clinic. Results Patient characteristics: The study population included 454 patients (median age 64 years; 62% males); 293 (64%) patients harbored JAK2 mutations, 74 (16%) type 1/like CALR, 16 (3%) type 2/like CALR, 24 (5%) MPL and 47 (10%) were "triple-negative". DIPSS-plus risk distribution was 29% high, 38% intermediate-2, 17% intermediate-1 and 15% low; 27% displayed red cell transfusion-dependency, 29% constitutional symptoms, 70% palpable splenomegaly and 36% abnormal karyotype, including 13% with unfavorable karyotype. 301 patients were screened for ASXL1 mutations with 39% mutated, 297 for SRSF2 mutations with 15% mutated, 286 for U2AF1 with 18% mutated, 253 for SF3B1 with 6% mutated, 229 for EZH2 with 5% mutated and 110 for IDH1/2 with 7% mutated. Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular comparisons between PMF patients with and without monocytosis: Among all study patients, 376 (83%) displayed AMC 3 x 10(9)/L; n=13) monocytosis. Comparison of these three groups revealed that monocytosis was significantly associated with older age (p=0.0001), higher leukocyte count (p Survival analysis: After a median follow up of 3.2 years, 265 (58%) deaths and 38 (8%) leukemic transformations were documented. In univariate analysis, all 8 variables included in DIPSS-plus were significantly associated with shortened survival (p 3 x 10(9)/L (p 3 x 10(9)L) was independent of each one of the eight DIPSS-plus variables, DIPSS-plus, driver mutational status, ASXL1 and SRSF2 mutations (p Conclusion The current study identifies monocytosis as a powerful risk factor for both overall and leukemia-free survival in PMF and the effect was independent of currently established prognostic models and genetic risk factors. It was particularly noteworthy to document similar distribution of driver mutations among the three monocyte categories. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Microwave Spectrum and Molecular Structure of (Z)-1-Chloro-2-Fluoroethylene-Acetylene: Demonstrating the Importance of the Balance Between Steric and Electrostatic Interactions in Heterodimer Formation.

The structure of the gas-phase heterodimer formed between (Z)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene and acetylene is determined via Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy from 5.5 to 20.8 GHz. In the first instance where in the presence of both a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom on the haloethylene the protic acid binds to the chlorine atom, the acetylene adopts a configuration similar to that in the analogous complex with vinyl chloride. Positioned in a manner to interact favorably with both the chlorine atom and the hydrogen atom geminal to it, the acetylene molecule is able to maximize the overall electrostatic stabilization even though other regions of the haloethylene offer individual sites of greater positive or negative electrostatic potential. Detailed comparison with the vinyl chloride–acetylene complex suggests that the presence of the fluorine atom weakens the hydrogen bond but strengthens the interaction between the geminal hydrogen atom and the triple bond.
A Physiology of the Inglorious Artist in Early Nineteenth-Century Paris

Henri Murger ’s Scenes de la vie de boheme, published piecemeal in Le Corsaire-Satan between 1845 and 1849, provides historians of art and literature with an elaborate representation of bohemianism in Paris during the July Monarchy. Murger’s text is here brought into conversation with an unstudied corpus of approximately 500 satirical images of artistic life and 50 objects of popular theater. This contribution expands upon Murger’s artistic typologies, exploring their inheritance in images and stagings of the delusional bohemian, the shop sign painter, and the carefree artist.
Important Skills for Data Scientists in China: Two Delphi Studies

Big data has emerged as a powerful tool to provide unprecedented information to help businesses make good decisions; yet, in the infancy of the new field, it is not clear to most business professio...
Red Cylon, Blue Human: Becoming Alive in a Postcolonial Battlestar Galactica

For several generations now, science fiction, speculative fiction, and other fantastic genres have raised important questions of what it means to be a human and a person; the ways in which these questions are presented vary widely in style, approach, and intended audience.
A new, expanded approach to pediatric cardiology fellowship orientation

Abstract Background Because of limited and varying resident exposure to pediatric cardiology, rapidly acquiring the necessary knowledge, clinical and technical skills can be overwhelming for incoming pediatric cardiology fellows. To address this, we developed a pediatric cardiology fellowship orientation at the beginning of fellowship using an extended orientation model. Methods We designed and implemented a three-week extended orientation for all rising first year pediatric cardiology fellows at our institution to take place the first month of their training. The extended orientation consisted of: 1) daily lunchtime didactic sessions focused on general pediatric cardiology topics; 2) hands-on echocardiography experience (total 4.5 days) and high fidelity simulations focused on cardiac emergencies, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and cardiac palliative care; and 3) day-long precepted experiences in core clinical rotations. Pre- and post-extended orientation knowledge self-assessment results were compared using paired t-tests. Results Due to protection from clinical duties during the three-week extended orientation period, all seven first-year pediatric cardiology fellows were able to participate in 100% of these sessions. After the extended orientation, participants demonstrated significant improvement in self-assessed knowledge in all clinical areas, with mean scores increasing from 45 ± 15% pre- to 74 ± 11% post-orientation (p ≤ 0.001). The greatest improvements occurred in echocardiography, catheterization, and cardiac anatomy. Based on a post-orientation feedback, additional education dedicated to electrophysiology, including EKG interpretation, arrhythmia management, and pacemaker basics, was recommended. Conclusion A three-week extended orientation model for pediatric cardiology fellowship orientation at the beginning of fellowship effectively introduces incoming fellows to key clinical topics unique to cardiology. In the current educational era, this represents an alternative approach to the traditional orientation model. Facilitating full participation in these sessions without competing clinical duties may enable all fellows to start their training with the necessary clinical foundation and may improve their preparedness for clinical responsibilities.
Representing Multiplicative Compare (MC) Problems

Learning Outcome: Be able to represent MC word problem stories with the bar model and the MC diagram equation Materials Needed: Equation Diagram Multiplicative Compare (MC) Diagram Equation Posters MC Word Problem Story Grammar Poster PPT Modelling Modelling MC story representation 1, 2, and 3 Student Worksheets Modelling MC story representation 1, 2, and 3 Try It Out–MC story representation 4, 5, and 6 Independent Worksheet–MC story representation 7, 8 and 9 Reference Guide Reference Guide: MC story representation 1–9
Electron-density patterns in low-fat mozzarella cheeses during refrigerated storage.

Consumer demand for palatable low-fat foods has prompted the development and production of a wide variety of new foods. Consumer interest in low-fat dairy products has increased dramatically, and among the many new and improved dairy foods are some Mozzarella cheeses that have suitable textural properties yet contain less fat than part-skim varieties (Tunick et al., 1991). We further improved the textural properties of low-fat Mozzarella cheeses by adjusting the proportions of ingredients and processing conditions (Tunick et al., 1993). High levels of moisture in the non-fat substance significantly decreased the hardness, complex viscosity and elastic modulus, and the meltability increased during storage. These improvements in textural properties appeared to be most directly related to increased proteolysis under conditions of high moisture.
Approximating the First-Come, First-Served Stochastic Matching Model with Ohm's Law

The first-come, first-served FCFS stochastic matching model, where each server in an infinite sequence is matched to the first eligible customer from a second infinite sequence, developed from queueing problems addressed by Kaplan 1984 in the context of public housing assignments. The goal of this model is to determine the matching rates between eligible customer types and server types, that is, the fraction of all matches that occur between type-i customers and type-j servers. This model was solved in a beautiful paper by Adan and Weiss, but the resulting equation for the matching rates is quite complicated, involving the sum of permutation-specific terms over all permutations of the server types. Here, we develop an approximation for the matching rates based on Ohm's Law that in some cases reduces to exact results, and via analytical, numerical, and simulation examples is shown to be highly accurate. As our approximation only requires solving a system of linear equations, it provides an accurate and tractable alternative to the exact solution.
Assessing pharmacy students’ preferences with implementing electronic medical records into the pharmacy curriculum

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are used to improve patient information, accessibility and safety of healthcare delivery. Due to its widespread use and implementation, it is essential for students to gain fluency with its components and functionalities as there is no doubt that they will encounter an EMR during their professional career. Most of the literature regarding EMR integration into a curriculum is related to medicine and nursing, with limited guidance regarding integration in pharmacy curricula.1 EMR use in the curriculum may serve as a platform to develop students’ technical skills needed for clinical practice, but it has yet to be determined whether exposure during students’ didactic experience will translate to efficient provision of patient care and increased confidence. Previous studies involving pharmacy curricula evaluated the use of EMRs in their Pharmaceutical Care Skills or Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences.2 3 The objective of this study was to assess students’ familiarity with the components and functionalities of EMRs and their confidence levels with EMR utilisation before and after several simulation-based learning activities integrated within the curriculum. Patient cases and learning activities were aligned within several courses at our College (table 1). Cases were created to re-emphasise fundamental curricular content, satisfy predetermined learning objectives and permit simulated activities with higher levels of Bloom’s taxonomy. Two systems, PCIS (Provost, Utah, USA) and Epic (Verona, Wisconsin, USA), were utilised to illustrate system differences for ambulatory and inpatient settings, …
Application of the Schöpf Method to Optimization of the Synthesis of 3-[2-(p-N-Acetylaminophenyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic Acid: Simultaneous Reduction of Three Functional Groups to Maximize Yield and Throughput

Application of the Schopf method to development of a high yield condensation process to prepare a labile β-(p-nitrophenyl)-α,β-unsaturated ketone system, along with development of a procedure for simultaneous hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of olefin, benzyl ester, and nitro groups, allows the construction of an inexpensive route to 3-[2-(p-N-acetylaminophenyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid, a key intermediate in the preparation of CI-1029 and related HIV protease inhibitors.
Digitizing the past: a history book on CD-ROM

This paper describes a pioneering effort to create an «electronic history book». Roy Rosenzweig of George Mason University and Steve Brier and Josh Brown of the American Social History Project at the City University of New York have joined with the Voyager Company of Santa Monica, California, to produce a CD-ROM, Who Built America? From the Centennial Celebration of 1876 to the Great War of 1914. Unlike a conventional print book, this electronic book includes audio and film clips along 5,000 pages of text documents, more than 700 pictures, and extensive, computer-based search features
Excitation of Atomic Hydrogen to the n=2 State by Helium Ions.

Differential and total cross sections for ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}(1s)+\mathrm{H}(1s)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{He}}^{+}(1s)+\mathrm{H}(n=2)$ are calculated using a formalism developed for ion-atom and atom-atom collisions. Results are obtained in terms of amplitudes for electron-hydrogen ($e\mathrm{H}$) and proton-hydrogen ($p\mathrm{H}$) $n=2$ excitations and elastic scattering of electrons by a ($p+e$)-"atom," the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$($1s$) form factor, and the $n=2$ form factors of hydorgen. Agreement with recent data is good. A remarkably simple approximation, $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p\mathrm{H}}(1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n=2)+3{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p\mathrm{H}}(1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2s)$, is obtained and agrees with recent data.
The Treatment-induced Neuropathy Assessment Scale (TNAS): a psychometric update following qualitative enrichment.

The validation of the Treatment-induced Neuropathy Assessment Scale (TNAS v2.0), a patient-reported outcome measure of symptoms associated with cancer treatment-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN), was previously reported. Further patient input (qualitative interviewing, cognitive debriefing) suggested that the measure should be modified to better reflect the TIPN experience. We report the performance of a revised version (TNAS v3.0) for assessing TIPN across cancer treatments. This TNAS version incorporates extensive patient input, in accordance with FDA guidance on the development of patient-reported outcomes measures. Patients with multiple myeloma, colorectal cancer, or gynecological cancer treated with bortezomib, oxaliplatin, or taxane–platinum combination therapy, respectively, completed the TNAS v3.0, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (EORTC-CIPN20), and a cognitive debriefing survey during a scheduled clinic visit. Patients also participated in in-depth qualitative interviews about their TIPN symptoms. The psychometric properties of the TNAS v3.0 were evaluated. Cognitive debriefing survey results were summarized and showed that most patients found the items easy to complete, comprehensible, acceptable, and not redundant. A notable change from TNAS v2.0 was the separation of “numbness” from “tingling,” although these 2 items remained the most severe, followed by a new “pain” item. The Cronbach coefficient alphas for the 9-item TNAS were 0.88 and 0.90 at the first and second administrations, respectively, indicating good reliability. The test–retest reliability of the TNAS was 0.97. The correlation coefficients for the 9-item TNAS and the EORTC-CIPN20 were 0.69 for the sensory subscale, 0.70 for the motor subscale, and 0.32 for the autonomic subscale, indicating good validity. This psychometric evaluation showed that the TNAS v3.0 is valid and reliable. Further research is needed to determine clinically meaningful differences in TNAS v3.0 scores and demonstrate its responsiveness over time.
The neuropathic itch caused by pseudorabies virus

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus related to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). PRV is the causative agent of Aujeskzy's disease in swine. PRV infects mucosal epithelium and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of its host where it can establish a quiescent, latent infection. While the natural host of PRV is the swine, a broad spectrum of mammals, including rodents, cats, dogs, and cattle can be infected. Since the nineteenth century, PRV infection is known to cause a severe acute neuropathy, the so called "mad itch" in non-natural hosts, but surprisingly not in swine. In the past, most scientific efforts have been directed to eradicating PRV from pig farms by the use of effective marker vaccines, but little attention has been given to the processes leading to the mad itch. The main objective of this review is to provide state-of-the-art information on the mechanisms governing PRV-induced neuropathic itch in non-natural hosts. We highlight similarities and key differences in the pathogenesis of PRV infections between non-natural hosts and pigs that might explain their distinctive clinical outcomes. Current knowledge on the neurobiology and possible explanations for the unstoppable itch experienced by PRV-infected animals is also reviewed. We summarize recent findings concerning PRV-induced neuroinflammatory responses in mice and address the relevance of this animal model to study other alphaherpesvirus-induced neuropathies, such as those observed for VZV infection.
Doing Good while Killing: Why Some Insurgent Groups Provide Community Services

Many nonstate military organizations provide a wide range of social services to civilians. The apparent contradiction between their use of violence and their provision of charity has been the subje...
A Qualitative Inquiry of K–12 Teachers’ Experience with Open Educational Practices: Perceived Benefits and Barriers of Implementing Open Educational Resources

Teachers in K–12 schools have shown an increasing desire for open educational resources (OER) to ensure all students can learn effectively. OER provide teachers with free access to open-licensed educational resources that they can retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute for personalized instruction. Open educational practices (OEP) have been considered a pathway to reinforce the acceptance and readiness of K–12 teachers to use OER. This research thus showcases a qualitative study that investigates teachers’ experiences with OEP. This research explains K-12 teachers’ perceived benefits of implementing OER and also discusses their perceived barriers hindering OER usage in K–12 settings. The study also discusses the practical implications of integrating OER in K–12 curriculum.
TSM: Temporal Shift Module for Efficient and Scalable Video Understanding on Edge Devices.

The explosive growth in video streaming requires video understanding at high accuracy and low computation cost. Conventional 2D CNNs are computationally cheap but cannot capture temporal relationships; 3D CNN based methods can achieve good performance but are computationally intensive. In this paper, we propose a generic and effective Temporal Shift Module (TSM) that enjoys both high efficiency and high performance. The key idea of TSM is to shift part of the channels along the temporal dimension, thus facilitate information exchanged among neighboring frames. It can be inserted into 2D CNNs to achieve temporal modeling at zero computation and zero parameters. TSM offers several unique advantages. Firstly, TSM has high performance; it ranks the first on the Something-Something leaderboard upon submission. Secondly, TSM has high efficiency; it achieves a high frame rate of 74fps and 29fps for online video recognition on Jetson Nano and Galaxy Note8. Thirdly, TSM has higher scalability compared to 3D networks, enabling large-scale Kinetics training on 1,536 GPUs in 15 minutes. Lastly, TSM enables action concepts learning, which 2D networks cannot model; we visualize the category attention map and find that spatial-temporal action detector emerges during the training of classification tasks. The code is publicly available.
There’s plenty of room at the top

Abstract Richard Feynman’s famous words, “there’s plenty of room at the bottom,” referred to the opportunities for revolutionizing the electronics industry by developing the science and technology of how to manufacture very small components (sub-micron to nanometer sized features) (Feynman, 1959) [ 1 ]. In additive manufacturing (AM), the opposite may be true: There’s plenty of room at the top. AM’s strength is in the low volume production of complex components, which is demanded in big industries such as oil and gas, construction, tooling, wind and water turbines, and infrastructure. Is AM’s ‘big’ future in the manufacture of large structures? This special issue surveys the technical challenges and enormous opportunities associated with large scale additive manufacturing while discussing the materials, processes and applications that are enabled by scaling to much larger structures, much faster speeds and lower manufacturing costs. The authors believe that, if Professor Feynman was alive, he’d say “There’s plenty of room at the top.”
Using Selected Peers to Improve the Accuracy of Crowd Sourced Forecasts.

Crowd sourcing approaches in which human forecasts are aggregated using optimal algorithms are becoming increasingly popular and are used in many contexts. In situations in which a large number of ...
Stiffness Characterization and Micromanipulation for Biomedical Applications using the Vision-based Force-Sensing Magnetic Mobile Microrobot

This paper presents the use of a micro-force sensing mobile microrobot ($\mu$FSMM) for in vitro biomedical applications. The $\mu$FSMM utilizes a vision-based force sensor end-effector, which computes the force based on the deflection of a compliant structure with a known stiffness using a computer vision tracking algorithm. The $\mu$FSMM is used to characterize the stiffness of several different alginate and hyaluronic acid hydrogel spheroid samples, which are typically used in 3D tissue engineered constructs for studying cellular behavior. Additionally, $\mu$FSMM is used to perform safe micromanipulation tasks with these spheroids. These experimental results showcase some of the applications of this unique microrobot design in the fields of mechanobiology, theranostics, and force-guided micromanipulation.
Women’s Exposure to Thin-and-Beautiful Media Images: Body Image Effects of Media-Ideal Internalization and Impact-Reduction Interventions

Exposure to media images of thin-and-beautiful women negatively affects the body image and mood states of young women. However, not all women are equally susceptible to these effects. The present experimental investigation with 123 young college women evaluated the moderating effects of the extent of internalization of media ideals. It also examined the preventative impact of two brief interventions (i.e., media literacy information with and without a dissonance-induction procedure). Results indicated that relative to a control group, the exposure to thin-and-beautiful media images adversely influenced the state body image of participants with high internalization levels. Media-literacy psychoeducation prior to the media exposure prevented this adverse effect. Adding a pre-exposure dissonance-induction procedure did not significantly enhance the preventative effects relative to psychoeducation alone. These results and their implications for the treatment and prevention of body image disturbances are discussed in the context of the empirical literature on the media’s effects on body image.
Lost in a crowded room: A correlational study of Facebook & social anxiety

Social Phobia is characterized by fear of embarrassment and judgment in social and/or performance situations. In turn, individuals with social phobia often avoid these situations, thus limiting social contact. However, the Internet and social networking sites, such as Facebook, have eliminated the face-to-face component of communication while still allowing for social interaction. The researcher hypothesized that a positive relationship would exist between time spent on Facebook and social anxiety, as well as between perceived ease of online communication and social anxiety. A correlational study between social anxiety and use of Facebook was conducted. A significant correlation was found between social anxiety and both time spent on Facebook, as well as perceived ease of online communication.
Experimental measurements of the streaming potential and seismoelectric conversion in Berea sandstone

The streaming potential across a porous medium is induced by a fluid flow due to an electric double layer between a solid and a fluid. When an acoustic wave propagates through a porous medium, the wave pressure generates a relative movement between the solid and the fluid. The moving charge in the fluid induces an electric field and seismoelectric conversion. In order to investigate the streaming potential and the seismoelectric conversion in the same rock sample, we conduct measurements with Berea sandstone saturated by NaCl solutions with different conductivities. We measure the electric voltage (streaming potential) across a cylindrical sample in NaCl solutions with different conductivities and under different pressures to determine the DC coupling coefficients. We also measure the seismoelectric signals induced by acoustic waves with a Berea sandstone plate at different frequencies and solution conductivities. The pressures of the acoustic waves are calibrated with a standard hydrophone (Bruel & 8103) at different frequencies (15–120 kHz). We calculate the quantitative coupling coefficients of the seismoelectric conversion at DC and at high frequencies with samples saturated by solutions with different conductivities. When the Berea sandstone sample is saturated by the NaCl solution with 0.32 mS/m in conductivity, for example, the DC and seismoelectric coupling coefficients at 15 kHz are 0.024 μV/Pa and 0.019 μV/Pa, respectively. The seismoelectric coupling coefficient is an important and helpful parameter for designing a seismoelectric tool. More experimental measurements of seismoelectric coupling coefficients in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 15 kHz are needed in the future.
Towards Transnational Labor Citizenship: Restructuring Labor Migration to Reinforce Workers Rights

In a 2007 article, I proposed "Transnational Labor Citizenship" as a new approach to labor migration policy. Transnational Labor Citizenship would link permission to work in the U.S. to the migrant's membership in a network of cross-border worker organizations rather than to employment by a particular enterprise, as is currently the norm. Migrants would make a commitment to refuse work under conditions that violate legal standards or labor agreements, and would get assistance from the worker organizations to enforce baseline labor rights. This report, "Restructuring Labor Migration to Reinforce Workers Rights," carries the Transnational Labor Citizenship idea forward by exploring emerging experiments around the globe that echo two of the proposal's central elements: origin country efforts to enforce labor rights for their migrants (both alone and in collaboration with destination country governments), and migrant labor organizing efforts that involve collaboration between trade unions in origin and destination countries. I reflect on the lessons these experiments offer with regard to some of the challenges a Transnational Labor Citizenship regime will face, and suggest questions for further study.
Expression and distribution of the scavenger receptor CD36 suggests important roles in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (729.3)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a devastating cause of lifetime medical comorbidities in modern society. Unfortunately, only a few preventive strategies have been shown to prevent the profound pat...
THE METHOD OF ALTERNATING CHAINS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the method of alternating chains. A common construction occurring in contributions to the theory of models is the development of an alternating chain of structures, i.e. of a sequence of structures lying alternately in each of two given classes of structures. Although not always originally formulated in these terms, it has turned out that a substantial number of the applications of these chains can be formulated in terms of separability (or interpolability) tests. The word “hierarchy” is usually used informally in mathematical discussions, so it no doubt suggests more or less structure to different people. By a family of sets we mean a function to a class of sets. “Hierarchy” is most often used in the literature in reference to a special kind of family of sets —namely a family of sets (or classes) of sets. The inclusion relation on the classes of sets induces a partial order on the domain (or index set) of the hierarchy, and in most cases this is a partial well order if not indeed a well order.
Understanding the Wii Exergames Use: Voices from Assisted Living Residents

Purpose The study was to understand the facilitators and barriers to exercise using exergames among assisted living residents, particularly in the area of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial effects. Design Self-efficacy theory was incorporated into the design of the Wii Fit exergaming program. Method Fifteen participants (mean age: 87.07 ± 3.92) received the program twice a week for 4 weeks. Semi-structural individual interview was conducted after the program. Interview responses were analyzed using basic content analysis methods. Findings Five themes emerged that facilitated participants? desire to exercise: (1) health and mobility; (2) increased alertness; (3) elevated mindset; (4) social interaction; and (5) structured program. Barriers to engage in exercise included: (1) age- or health-related impairments to exercise; and (2) unpleasant experiences related to exercise. Conclusions An intervention incorporating self-efficacy and Wii exergames did result in the identification of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial benefits and barriers to exercise.
Determination of flux from a saddle field fast-atom bombardment gun.

The flux or beam density (equivalent current/area) of xenon atoms striking the sample target from a saddle field fast-atom bombardment (FAB) gun has been compared with that from a cesium ion gun mounted on the same instrument. A shielded Faraday cup mounted on the end of a solids probe was used to measure directly the flux of the Cs+ beam. Samples of methylene blue in glycerol solution were then exposed to the ion beam at different fluxes and the extents of reduction were measured. The extent of reduction varied linearly with flux up to a value of about 1.16 × 1013 particles s−1 cm−2 (1.85 μ cm−2); above this level, the reduction effect appeared to saturate. FAB spectra were obtained from the same dye solution by using varying settings of the FAB gun. By comparing the extents of reduction of the dye from the two guns, the flux from the atom gun could be estimated. Observation of luminescence from a CsI-coated target allowed estimation of the area of the atom beam. The atom beam “equivalent current” could then be calculated by multiplying the flux times the area. It was noted that for given settings, the flux from the atom gun depended on the physical condition of the gun electrodes. With new electrodes, a flux ≥ 1.16 × 1013 particles s−1 cm−2 was obtained with nominal gun emission currents of 0.60–1.0 mA. Electrodes used extensively, but freshly cleaned, provided a flux of ∼ 8 × 1012 particles s−1 cm−2 at nominal emission currents of 0.40–1.0 mA. With dirty electrodes this flux could only be achieved at the highest (1.0 mA) emission current. This decline in performance occurs over a matter of months as a result of contamination and erosion of the electrodes during use. Such behavior can adversely affect spectral reproducibility even when nominal FAB gun voltage and emission current are carefully reproduced.
Transient effects of solar energetic particle flux enhancements on the inner magnetosphere of the earth

Abstract In one type of space weather, the sun emits intermittent enhancements of solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes. A fraction of these fluxes that reach the envelope of geospace can be injected into the magnetospheric particle confinement region after transiting the geomagnetic tail domain, the polar cleft/cusp region, or directly through the front side magnetopause. Common for these processes is that they provide inward diffusive “leakage” whenever the immediate external flux environment is more intense than in the outer trapping region. Conversely, following injection events outward leakage can also occur whereby the confinement region becomes a source of Magnetosheath particles. Numerical modeling has been carried out to investigate the effects on the ambient fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts from this effect.
Trapping of Mammalian Topoisomerase I and Recombinations Induced by Damaged DNA Containing Nicks or Gaps: IMPORTANCE OF DNA END PHOSPHORYLATION AND CAMPTOTHECIN EFFECTS *

Abstract We used purified mammalian topoisomerases I (top1) and oligonucleotides containing a unique top1 cleavage site to study top1-mediated cleavage and recombination in the presence of nicks and short gaps mimicking DNA damage. In general, top1 cleavage was not induced opposite to the nicks, and nicks upstream from the top1 cleavage site suppressed top1 activity. Irreversible top1 cleavage complexes (“suicide products” or “aborted complexes”) were produced in DNA containing nicks or short gaps just opposite to the normal top1 cleavage site. Camptothecin enhanced the formation of the aborted top1 complexes only for nicks downstream from the cleavage site. These aborted (suicide) complexes can mediate DNA recombination and promote illegitimate recombination by catalyzing the ligation of nonhomologous DNA fragments (acceptors). We report for the first time that top1-mediated recombination is greatly enhanced by the presence of a phosphate at the 5′ terminus of the top1 aborted complex (donor DNA). By contrast, phosphorylation of the 3′ terminus of the gap did not affect recombination. At concentrations that strongly enhanced inhibition of intramolecular religation, resulting in an increase of top1 cleavable complexes, camptothecin did not reduce recombination (intermolecular religation). Nicks or gaps with 5′-phosphate termini would be expected to be produced directly by ionizing radiations or by processing of abasic sites and DNA lesions induced by carcinogens or drugs used in cancer chemotherapy. Thus, these results further demonstrate that DNA damage can efficiently trap top1-cleavable complexes and enhance top1-mediated DNA recombination.
Timed treatment of the arthritic diseases: a review and hypothesis.

Abstract Evidence has been accumulating regarding the importance of biological rhythms in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases and disorders. Increasingly, the arthritides have shown statistically quantifiable rhythmic parameters. Included in the latter group are joint pain and joint size. In addition, a number of drugs used to treat rheumatic diseases have varying therapeutic and toxic effects based on the time of day of administration. Among these drug classes are nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and a number of cytostatic agents. In the last group of agents, experience in treating malignant disease suggests that timespecified treatment may reduce the toxic effects of low-dose cytostatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and related diseases. This article reviews that evidence and suggests a rationale for the timed treatment of RA with methotrexate.