cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intermittent lighting increases egg weight and facilitates early photostimulation of turkey breeder hens

A major limitation to reducing the age at photostimulation of turkey breeder hens has been small egg size, especially at the start of lay. The present study was designed to determine whether intermittent lighting (IL) could be used to photostimulate hens at an early age (26 wk) and enhance the typical small egg size at the start of lay. Control hens were photostimulated with standard [16 h light (L):8 h dark (D)] lighting at 26 or 30 wk of age. An additional group of hens was photostimulated with IL (2L:12D:2L:8D) from 26 to 32 wk of age and then switched to 16L:8D thereafter. Data were collected for BW, onset of lay, egg production, and egg weight to 54 wk of age. Although IL delayed onset of lay there was no adverse effect on rate of lay because numbers of eggs per hen in 24 wk of photostimulation (30 to 54 wk of age) were similar to that of controls. However, because hens in the IL treatment were photostimulated at 26 wk of age they produced about 10 more eggs per hen (P = 0.18) to 54 wk of age than control hens photostimulated at 30 wk of age. In addition, IL increased egg weight during the first 7 d of lay by about 5% as compared to those of controls also photostimulated at 26 wk of age. Interestingly, the increased egg weight in the IL treatment persisted to the end of lay, well after IL had been switched to 16L:8D. Thus, IL lighting facilitated successful early lighting of hens.
Pictures and adult learning

Instructional pictures may be classified on the basis of how they convey meaning including classification as representational, analogical, or arbitrary (Gropper, 1963; Knowlton, 1966). Some previous reviews of picture effects have dealt with only the first category of pictures-that is, pictures that are isomorphic with the objects or concepts that they represent (Alesandrini, 1982; Levin and Lesgold, 1978). Other reviews have also considered arbitrary or non-representational pictures such as flowcharts and graphs (Levie and Lentz, 1982; Macdonald-Ross, 1977a). This article discusses research on all three types of pictures and considers how each type may play a crucial, yet different, role in the learning process. The focus is on picture effects in adult meaningful learning such as concept learning, learning from prose materials, and learning from expository text.
Application of Parallel Adjoint-Based Error Estimation and Anisotropic Grid Adaptation for Three-Dimensional Aerospace Configurations

This paper demonstrates the extension of error estimation and adaptation methods to parallel computations enabling larger, more realistic aerospace applications and the quantification of discretization errors for complex 3-D solutions. Results were shown for an inviscid sonic-boom prediction about a double-cone configuration and a wing/body segmented leading edge (SLE) configuration where the output function of the adjoint was pressure integrated over a part of the cylinder in the near field. After multiple cycles of error estimation and surface/field adaptation, a significant improvement in the inviscid solution for the sonic boom signature of the double cone was observed. Although the double-cone adaptation was initiated from a very coarse mesh, the near-field pressure signature from the final adapted mesh compared very well with the wind-tunnel data which illustrates that the adjoint-based error estimation and adaptation process requires no a priori refinement of the mesh. Similarly, the near-field pressure signature for the SLE wing/body sonic boom configuration showed a significant improvement from the initial coarse mesh to the final adapted mesh in comparison with the wind tunnel results. Error estimation and field adaptation results were also presented for the viscous transonic drag prediction of the DLR-F6 wing/body configuration, and results were compared to a series of globally refined meshes. Two of these globally refined meshes were used as a starting point for the error estimation and field-adaptation process where the output function for the adjoint was the total drag. The field-adapted results showed an improvement in the prediction of the drag in comparison with the finest globally refined mesh and a reduction in the estimate of the remaining drag error. The adjoint-based adaptation parameter showed a need for increased resolution in the surface of the wing/body as well as a need for wake resolution downstream of the fuselage and wing trailing edge in order to achieve the requested drag tolerance. Although further adaptation was required to meet the requested tolerance, no further cycles were computed in order to avoid large discrepancies between the surface mesh spacing and the refined field spacing.
Genomic structure and expression of human KCNJ9 (Kir3.3/GIRK3).

Abstract The human KCNJ9 (Kir 3.3, GIRK3) is a member of the G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel family. Here we describe the genomic organization of the KCNJ9 locus on chromosome 1q21-23 as a candidate gene for Type II diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indian population. The gene spans ∼7.6 kb and contains one noncoding and two coding exons separated by ∼2.2 and ∼2.6 kb introns, respectively. We identified 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including one that predicts a Val366Ala substitution, and an 8 base-pair (bp) insertion/deletion. Our expression studies revealed the presence of the transcript in various human tissues including pancreas, and two major insulin-responsive tissues: fat and skeletal muscle. The characterization of the KCNJ9 gene should facilitate further studies on the function of the KCNJ9 protein and allow evaluation of the potential role of the locus in Type II diabetes.
Integrating velocity measurements in a reservoir rock sample from the SACROC unit with an AVO proxy for subsurface supercritical CO2

One of the most promising methods proposed to mitigate global CO2 and one that is useful in enhanced oil recovery is carbon sequestration, a process in which CO2 is pressurized and injected into geologic formations. A technical challenge surrounding the geologic sequestration of CO2 is tracking the movement of the fluids pumped underground. Monitoring, verification, and accounting activities related to CO2 storage are important for assuring that any sequestered CO2 does not escape to the surface and can be considerably aided by reflection seismic-based detection methods. Through the use of lab-scale velocity measurements under in-situ conditions, combined with multiple 3D reflection seismic surveys, we hope to effectively track the movements of CO2 after injection.
New Directions in the Study of Gender Similarities and Differences

I review new trends in research on the psychology of gender. The gender similarities hypothesis holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. Gender is not only an individual-difference or person variable but also a stimulus variable. Emerging approaches to cross-national measurement of constructs such as gender equality provide new insights into patterns of gender differences and similarities across cultures. Current neuroscience approaches emphasize neural plasticity and provide the opportunity to study neural correlates of males' and females' differential experiences.
Effect of Methyl Methacrylate/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Random Copolymers in Compatibilization of Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

Random copolymers of methyl methacrylate with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were synthesized and blended with PS and PMMA homopolymer thin films. The effects of the POSS on phase segregation were studied using a variety of complementary techniques. The results showed that these copolymers were efficient at compatibilizing immiscible polymer blends. Compatibilization occurred when the POSS was grafted onto the backbone and a favorable interaction existed between the POSS functional groups and the PS homopolymers. The consequences of this compatibilization were studied using a comprehensive array of characterization methods and found to be as follows: reduced domain size, increased interfacial width, and greatly improved fracture toughness. This compatibilization is due to the increased site functionality provided by the POSS molecule without the entropic penalty associated with introducing functionalities via grafting directly onto the polymer chains.
Development of Perceptual Completion in Infancy

Perceptual completion consists of bridging the gaps imposed by occlusion, such as perceiving the unity of center-occluded objects. It is unknown at present what developmental mechanisms underlie the emergence of functional perceptual completion in infancy. One current debate centers on the role of visible surface motion. According to a core-principles account, perceptual completion emerges simultaneously with the onset of motion discrimination, the sole determinant of unity percepts in infants. According to a contrasting constructivist account, motion discrimination is but one of several independent inputs to perceptual completion. In the present study, 2-month-old infants were tested for both unity perception and motion discrimination in partial-occlusion displays. Motion discrimination obtained under all conditions, even under circumstances in which infants were unable to perceive completion. Four-month-olds showed marked improvements in perceptual completion, most likely because of improvements in info...
Do Crowds Learn Wisdom? Theory and Evidence from Trading During the World Cup

The paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of learning in a prediction market. The paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for prices to converge to the probability of an event as information is incorporated into the market. The theoretical results are augmented with numerical analysis of convergence when assumptions are relaxed. The predictions of the theoretical model are tested against price dynamics from trading on Intrade futures during the 2002 World Cup. The results suggest that while the price may not equal the probability of an event, prices tend to converge to the probability.
External Motivators of Self-Touching Behavior:

Previous research has shown that nonverbal self-touching behaviors can be induced by external motivators such as videos and literary passages about insects. This study investigated whether the number of self-touching behaviors differed between presentation of what was assumed to be an anxiety-inducing stimulus (listening to the reading of a passage about leeches and answering questions) or a nonanxiety-inducing stimulus (a passage about canaries). It also investigated whether there was a difference in frequency of self-touching when subjects were passively listening to passages or actively answering questions. The difference in frequency of self-touching between men and women was also observed. Over-all, subjects did not perform significantly more self-touching gestures during the anxiety-inducing stimulus than during the nonanxiety-inducing, as previous research had indicated. Subjects did touch themselves significantly more, however, while answering questions than while listening to the passage. Over-all, men performed significantly more self-touching behaviors than women. And, women touched themselves significantly more during the active anxiety-inducing cell than in any other condition.
Constructing a Life Course

Dans ce texte, l'A. valide ses theories sociologiques sur l'influence des contextes et imprevus de la vie sur les trajectoires individuelles et famililales a travers sa propre existence. Le deces de son premier mari, ses deux enfants a charge, et l'opportunite de reprendre des etudes sont autant de donnees qui ont contribue a faconner sa carriere et ses recherches universitaires
Cases in Vaccine Court — Legal Battles over Vaccines and Autism

Do childhood vaccines cause autism? More than 5000 families have filed claims with the federal Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Stephen Sugarman discusses the autism cases.
Combining idiographic and nomothetic methods in the study of internal working models

Attachment theory's notion of internal working model refers to an affective–cognitive structure that guides how individuals experience, and act within, their close relationships. Understanding working models in general (i.e., nomothetically) can be greatly enhanced by attending to the unique (i.e., idiographic) properties of individuals’data. A general method is described for eliciting and empirically representing both the common and unique properties of individuals’descriptions of self and others. This approach is illustrated by two studies in which participants described self and others in a variety of significant roles and relationships by choosing from a list of attachment-related descriptive terms. A hierarchical clustering algorithm, HICLAS (DeBoeck & Rosenberg, 1988), is used to generate a unique graphical representation for each individual's responses. We illustrate the use of HICLAS to (a) assess nomothetic properties of the structures and relate those properties to other variables such as attachment style, and (b) link aspects of any individual's structure with other idiographic data such as interview narratives. Data from HICLAS enhances the interpretation of other, more qualitative idiographic information, and helps to produce new constructs, variables, and propositions amenable to rigorous hypothesis tests in future research.
Rotifers from diapausing, fertilized eggs: Unique features and emergence

Sexual reproduction in cyclically parthenogenetic rotifers results in the production of diapausing, fertilized (resting) eggs, which can survive for decades in sediment egg banks. Stem females hatching from these eggs can differ from genetically identical ones produced in subsequent parthenogenetic generations. Differences involve the inhibition of sexual reproduction, which may persist for many parthenogenetic generations; reduced morphology (apterous Polyarthra, shorter-spined Brachionus); and larger stores of lipid. These features of stem females may facilitate colonization by favoring population growth via female parthenogenesis and by decreasing food requirements for survival and reproduction. Fertilized eggs in dried sediments probably hatch soon after being flooded by rising water levels. Eggs in permanently submerged sediments may be in environments that inhibit hatching (e.g., darkness, low water temperature, low dissolved oxygen) and hatch only when brought to the sediment surface or resuspended into the water column by currents or bioturbation. Laboratory experiments show that the hatching of diapausing, fertilized eggs can require light and temperatures suitable for population development or specific changes in temperature consistent with a new growing season. The limited data that exist on their emergence from fertilized eggs in natural systems come from sediment traps, from the occurrence in the water column of apterous Polyarthra or empty egg shells, and from calculations of negative mortality rates of planktonic populations. Fertilized eggs often hatch at the beginning of the growth season but may continue to hatch intermittently thereafter. The extremely high genotypic diversity of some natural rotifer populations indicates extensive hatching of stem females from the sediment egg bank.
Implementation of Food Biosecurity Management Plan Against Food Terrorism in On-Site Foodservice Operations

The authors investigated how often specific preventive measures against possible food terrorism threats were practiced in on-site foodservice operations and what characteristics those relatively well-secured operations possess. Information about 35 food biosecurity practices from six categories and nine operational characteristics were obtained from foodservice directors in health care operations and schools in Kansas during the spring of 2005. Basic descriptive analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to address research questions. Based on the data analyses results, the on-site foodservice operations that were more cautious about possible food terrorism threats performed specific food biosecurity preventive measures more often.
Active focus stabilization for upright selective plane illumination microscopy

Due to its sectioning capability, large field of view, and minimal light exposure, selective plane illumination microscopy has become the preferred choice for 3D time lapse imaging. Single cells in a dish can be conveniently imaged using an upright/inverted configuration. However, for measurements on long time scales (hours to days), mechanical drift is a problem; especially for studies of mammalian cells that typically require heating to 37°C which causes a thermal gradient across the instrument. Since the light sheet diverges towards the edges of the field of view, such a drift leads to a decrease in axial resolution over time. Or, even worse, the specimen could move out of the imaging volume. Here, we present a simple, cost-effective way to stabilize the axial position using the microscope camera to track the sample position. Thereby, sample loss is prevented and an optimal axial resolution is maintained by keeping the sample at the position where the light sheet is at its thinnest. We demonstrate the virtue of our approach by measurements of the light sheet thickness and 3D time lapse imaging of a cell monolayer at physiological conditions.
Measurement repeatability of a large-scale inventory of forest fuels

An efficient and accurate inventory of forest fuels at large scales is critical for assessment of forest fire hazards across landscapes. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service conducts a national inventory of fuels along with blind remeasurement of a portion of inventory plots to monitor and improve data quality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the measurement repeatability/biases of FIA's national inventory of fuels and suggest opportunities for improving data quality and application of sampling protocols. Results indicated that more than half of the attributes did not attain the desired levels of repeatability and about one-third exhibited a non-zero measurement bias. However, the bias generally had little affect on plot-level estimates. A number of factors that contributed to these results were examined and a holistic approach that considers all aspects of inventory was suggested to improve measurement repeatability.
Performance optimizations for distributed real-time text indexing

DISC (Data-Intensive Super Computing) is gaining strong research momentum [1]. DISC systems differ from conventional supercomputers in their focus on data, as they acquire and maintain continually changing massive data sets, in addition to performing large-scale computations over the data. Towards this end, we consider the problem of real-time text indexing and search with high input data rates (10 GB/s or more) along with small index age-off time while sustaining search response time. Load imbalance and communication bottlenecks make this problem particularly challenging. We present performance optimizations for distributed in-memory text indexing of massive input data sets on parallel systems having large number of cores/processors, with sustained search performance [2]. Our distributed indexing algorithm uses a hybrid group-based approach which enables scalable indexing and search over massively parallel systems. In addition, we designed and analyzed communication optimizations including routing using Steiner nodes and topology mapping. Using theoretical analysis for the asymptotic parallel time complexity we establish the scalability of our algorithm with |P| for small index-group size and scalability with |C| for larger index-group size; where |P| and |C| are the number of Producers and Consumers respectively, in the index-group. We have obtained indexing throughput of 524 GB/min on 4K nodes of Blue Gene/L 1 using actual IBM intranet data, which is 3.36x better than the previous best throughput [3] and 10.3x better than typical indexing approaches such as CLucene 2 on the same number of nodes. This gives an estimated throughput of 17 TB/min on 128K nodes with sustained search performance. We also demonstrate the improvements in strong and weak scalability of our distributed indexing algorithm over the previous best [3] on Blue Gene/L. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest indexing throughput ever published on a large scale system with sustained search performance.
A Review of Milgrom and Roberts'sEconomics, Organization and Management

Books reviewed in this article: Economics, Organization and Management, by Paul Milgrom and John Roberts
The bovine herpesvirus 1 gene encoding infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) can inhibit interferon-dependent transcription in the absence of other viral genes

The infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) encoded by Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) stimulates viral gene expression and productive infection. As bICP0 is expressed constitutively during productive infection, it is considered to be the major viral regulatory protein. Like other alphaherpesvirus ICP0 homologues, bICP0 contains a zinc RING finger near its N terminus that activates transcription and regulates subcellular localization. In this study, evidence is provided that bICP0 represses the human beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter and a simple promoter with consensus IFN-stimulated response elements following stimulation with double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid), IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) or IRF7. bICP0 also inhibits the ability of two protein kinases (TBK1 and IKKe) to activate IFN-β promoter activity. The zinc RING finger is necessary for inhibiting IFN-dependent transcription in certain cell types. Collectively, these studies suggest that bICP0 activates productive infection by stimulating viral gene expression and inhibiting IFN-dependent transcription.
A General S-Domain Hierarchical Network Reduction Algorithm

This paper presents an efficient method to reduce complexities of a linear network in s-domain. The new method works on circuit matrices directly and reduces the circuit complexities by eliminating subcircuits in a hierarchical way. The resulting admittances in the reduced networks are kept as rational functions of s with reduced order. Some theoretical results are characterized for the presence of common factors coming from the suppression of sub-circuits. A novel common factor removal (de-cancellation) strategy based on a graph-based hierarchical subcircuit reduction process is proposed. The resulting reduction algorithm is applicable to any linear circuits in s-domain. The stability of the reduced system is enforced by applying the Hurwitz polynomial approximation. The reduced systems can be used for fast s-domain analysis and for time domain waveform evaluation. Experimental results on both linear analog circuits and RLC circuits, and comparison with SPICE in s-domain analysis are also provided.
Purtscher's-like retinopathy in chronic renal failure.

Purpose: The authors describe the clinical findings of three young women with the previously unreported association of Purtscher's-like retinopathy and chronic renal failure. Methods: The authors reviewed the clinical records of three women with chronic renal failure who had been seen at the Oregon Health Sciences University with acute, profound visual loss associated with a severe vaso-occlusive Purtscher's-like retinopathy. Results: Two of the three patients previously had renal transplants, and both were experiencing allograft rejection. One of these two patients was undergoing hemodialysis. The retinopathy was bilateral in two patients, and unilateral in the third. Each of the 5 affected eyes had severe initial loss of vision to less than 20/400, and only one of these eyes had significant visual recovery. None of the patients had recent trauma, pancreatitis, autoimmune disease, or other condition known to be associated with Purtscher's-like retinopathy. Conclusion: A retinal vaso-occlusive disorder resembling Purtscher's retinopathy can occur in patients with chronic renal failure, even in the absence of trauma, pancreatitis, or known autoimmune disease. While the precipitating factor(s) remains unclear, it appears that the retinopathy in this setting may be more severe and associated with a poorer visual prognosis.
Transient Leukoencephalopathy Associated With X-Linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

X-linked hereditary demyelinating neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1X) accounts for 10% to 20% of all hereditary demyelinating neuropathies and is caused by mutations in the GJB1 gene, which codes for connexin 32. Connexin 32 is a gap junction protein widely expressed in Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes. Transient leukoencephalopathy has been reported in children and adults with Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1X. The case of a previously healthy 10-year-old boy who presented with fluctuating neurological deficits is reviewed. His brain magnetic resonance imaging scans showed abnormal restricted diffusion and mild hyperintense T2-weighted and fluid attenuation inversion recovery abnormalities in the splenium of the corpus callosum and the posterior cerebral white matter in a bilaterally symmetric distribution. A family history of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease was revealed late in his presentation, and genetic testing identified a mutation in the GJB1 gene that has not previously been associated with central nervous system involvement.
The impact of young age on locoregional recurrence after doxorubicin-based breast conservation therapy in patients 40 years old or younger: How young is "young"?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients Methods and materials: We retrospectively reviewed records of 196 consecutive patients ≤40 years old who received breast conservation therapy (BCT) from 1987 to 2000 for breast cancer and compared outcomes between patients Results: After a median follow-up of 64 months, 22 locoregional recurrences (LRR) were observed. Twenty patients developed locoregional recurrence as their first site of relapse. Two patients had bone-only metastases before their locoregional recurrence. On multivariate analysis, age p = 0.042). Conclusions: Our finding supports an increased risk of locoregional recurrence as a function of younger age after breast conservation therapy, even among young patients 40 years old and younger.
A robotic system for actively stiffening flexible manipulators

A system for actively changing the stiffness of a long, thin, flexible robotic manipulator has been designed for cardiologists to use in a range of diagnosis and treatment procedures. Low-stiffness manipulators, such as catheters, are ideal for steering through vasculature with low risk of tissue injury. However, such instruments are not well-suited for applying force to tissue. The proposed system solves this problem by using a series of bead-shaped vertebrae containing pull wires to actively change the stiffness of the catheter, similar to gooseneck surgical retractors. Individual wires steer the catheter to a desired location. All wires are then tensioned to create friction between each vertebra and prevent sliding, therefore resisting motion. While this design concept has been implemented manually in various settings for decades, fine robotic control of the friction and stiffness of the system relies on a thorough understanding of the friction properties between vertebral segments. We have developed an analytical model to understand the interactions between vertebrae and determine the relationships between system parameters and the overall stiffness of the catheter. Experiments validated the calculations from the model and the functionality of the system by applying known loads to the tip of the catheter and measuring the catheter displacement. The catheter stiffness was measured to range from 100 N/m to 800 N/m, which is sufficient for performing many surgical tasks on tissue. This system can be useful in minimally invasive procedures involving direct instrument contact with tissue by improving accuracy, safety, and work flow.
The evolution of IMC: IMC in a customer-driven marketplace

One of the advantages of a long career is that you get to see and experience many changes. Seldom are the changes radical and immediately obvious, but over time, we've seen the development of new m...
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Canada: An Overview

This paper provides an introductory review of the Canadian federal system. Such a review is intended as a background for further analytical work on federalism issues in Canada and elsewhere.
A variable-form taper function for Pinus oocarpa Schiede in central Honduras.

(...) The model predicts tree profile as a function of total height, diameter at breast height, and relative height with a continuous function using a changing exponent to compensate for the form of different tree sections. The proposed five parameter model predicts underbark diameters with a standard error of 1.4 cm. The point where the taper curve changes from neiloid to paraboloid form, the inflection point, was assumed to occur at 25% of total height. For the data used, no changes in the predictive ability of the model were observed with different locations of the inflection point
Niche Marketing for Hotel Managers

Abstract A strategy of niche marketing leads to competitive advantage in the consolidation phase of the hotel industry. The evolution of segmentation strategy in the US hotel market from price segmentation to integrated niche marketing is revealed. Different approaches used in both the US and Caribbean hotels are cited as examples of successful segmentation and niche marketing. Benefits and liabilities associated with niche marketing are summarized. The need for empirical support for the selection of a target niche is emphasized. The article concludes with a review of four niche selection methods for hotel managers and owners. These methods include: (1) modify a successful segmentation formula, (2) use a guest history or customer database to profile the hotel's best customers, (3) identify segmentation gaps in the local market, and (4) contract with a reputable consulting firm for a cost effective segmentation study.
The Influence of Nonthyroidal Factors on Thyroid Function

Various factors unrelated to the thyroid system can affect the accurate interpretation of thyroid function test results. My review of these factors, the third and final article in the continuing education update series on thyroid disease, includes a discussion of how various nonthyroidal elements affect the thyroid system and thyroid testing and of the organs involved.
Toxicity of Carbaryl to Gypsy Moth Larvae Parasitized by Apanteles melanoscelus

Second-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae parasitized by Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) are substantially more susceptible to carbaryl than unparasitized larvae. The 3-day LD95 values for parasitized and unparasitized larvae were 0.143 and 0.469 μg carbaryl, respectively. During the next 12 days, the carbaryl-treated parasitized group showed higher mortality than treated unparasitized larvae, probably because of an interaction between the effects of parasitism and the sublethal effects of carbaryl. The time from the egg stage to cocoon formation by the parasite varied from 11.2 days in untreated gypsy moth larvae to 14.1 in insecticide-treated specimens, with the increase in time being proportional to the carbaryl dosage. The mortality due to parasite action alone occurred over a 24-day period, beginning on the 15th day after carbaryl treatment; there was no indication of insecticide-parasite lethal interaction during this period. Other effects of the treatments on gypsy moth were alteration of the sex ratio and an increased incidence of supernumerary molting.
Decreases in plasma volume during electrically induced convulsions in man.

Summary and ConclusionsMeasurements of plasma volume were made 15 times in 13 subjects in whom convulsions were induced electrically for the treatment of mental disease. Decreases in plasma volume were appreciable and varied in amount with the severity of the seizures induced. The previous administration of curare moderated the convulsions and minimized decreases in plasma volume. It is concluded that the method of Gibson and Evans1 for measuring plasma volume is valid under the conditions of the present study. It is also concluded that the transitory decreases in plasma volume which occur during electrically induced convulsions are a side reaction and are not essential for obtaining a satisfactory clinical result.
Ink-Jet Printed Cu/CuxO/Ag ReRAM Memory Devices Fabricated on Flexible Substrate

Recently, flexible electronics is attracting growing attention due to its various properties such as lightness and flexibility, which cannot be replaced by rigid electronics. In this study, we investigate flexible ink-jet printed Cu/CuxO/Ag capacitor-like structure that exhibits bipolar resistive switching behavior under direct current voltage sweeps. A vaccum-free and low temperature process is used to fabricate this ReRAM memory device, which allows straightforward fabrication and a structure for characterization of the possible use of CuxO as an insulating layer in these devices. Our device displays a resistive switching ratio greater than 30 between the high resistance and low resistance state at room temperature. The devices exhibit metallic behavior in the low resistance state and a semiconductor behavior is found in the initial and high resistance states as observed in temperature dependent resistance measurements. The resistive switching mechanism of the fabricated structures is explained by the formation and rupture of conductive filament paths.
Elaboration of bilateral symmetry across Knautia macedonica capitula related to changes in ventral petal expression of CYCLOIDEA-like genes

Background Shifts in floral form across angiosperms, particularly from radially symmetrical to bilaterally symmetrical flowers, are often associated with shifts in speciation rates and changes in pollination syndrome. Growing evidence across both rosids and asterids indicates that CYCLOIDEA (CYC)-like transcription factors from the TCP gene family play a role in establishing the dorsoventral pattern of flower symmetry, which affects the development of both the corolla and androecium. Previous studies of CYC-like genes, especially of the CYC2 clade, indicate that these genes are dorsally restricted in bilaterally symmetrical flowers. Also, gene duplication of CYC-like genes often correlates with shifts in floral form in both individual flowers and head-like inflorescences (capitula).
Norbert Elias and Erving Goffman: Civilised-Dramaturgical Bodies, Social Status and Health Inequalities

This chapter explores the relevance of the works of Norbert Elias and Erving Goffman for understanding some connections between ‘mindbodies’, society, health and well-being. After brief biographical sketches of Elias and Goffman, Elias’ work on the civilising process is discussed along with his ‘psychosomatics’ in which he suggests neuro-hormonal pathways between ‘mindbodies’ and society. The increasingly internalised forms of social control, characteristic of civilised societies, are embodied in the form of what Elias called the ‘habitus’.
Synthetic Theory of Evolution, History of

The synthetic theory of evolution is the fusion of Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution. It began with the establishment of theoretical population genetics in the first third of the twentieth century showing how natural selection and other evolutionary processes affect the frequencies of Mendelian alleles. During the middle third of that century, various disciplines of biology – genetics, systematics, paleontology – were folded into the synthetic theory. The synthetic theory assumed that evolutionary changes over long stretches of time were the accumulation of small changes within species. This entry concludes with a discussion of the various challenges that have been made to the synthetic theory since the 1960s.
Roger Blair and the Goals of Antitrust

This article examines Roger Blair’s remarkable scholarship concerning the goals of the antitrust laws. Blair has been a consistent advocate of a “general welfare” as opposed to a “consumer welfare” standard for antitrust, but he has also repeatedly observed that the choice of a test makes a difference in only a few cases. His scholarship also uncovered important inconsistencies in antitrust analysis. One is its treatment of bilateral monopoly, in which antitrust often condemns practice that are welfare increasing to the extent that they reflect the presence of countervailing power in bilateral monopoly markets. For example, buyers’ cartels in response to seller market power are unlawful per se even though many are welfare improvements over the existing situation. Consistent with his premise, Blair advocates a strong efficiency defense in merger cases, and shows that the Albrecht rule condemning maximum resale price maintenance is indefensible on both general welfare and consumer welfare grounds.
Stent Migration and Bail-out Strategies:

Stent migration is an inherent complication of stent deployment. A number of factors are responsible for this dreaded complication. The stent may eventually migrate to the heart or lungs or in the process of migration damage structures en route to its final destination. A number of techniques are available to bail out interventionalists if such a situation should arise. Occasionally a wait and watch approach may be prudent.
Leading clinical pharmacogenomics implementation: Advancing pharmacy practice.

Clinical pharmacogenomics contributes to optimal pharmacotherapy for a variety of conditions, including heart disease,[1][1] venous thromboembolism,[2][2] cancers,[3][3] and epilepsy,[4][4] by avoiding harmful adverse effects, drug–gene interactions, and ineffective treatment. Selected patients
A Graph of Primes

Some time ago a colleague asked me a question about the graph formed by associating a vertex with each prime, and placing an edge between each pair of primes whose difference in absolute value is a nonnegative power of 2. His question was whether the graph formed in this way is connected. This kind of graph, which is called a similarity graph, is discussed in his text [5, p. 540]. A similarity graph is one in which vertices connected by an edge are not too different. In this case, primes that share an edge are similar in that their expressions in binary notation are close-their difference has only one nonzero binary digit. We readily see that 2 shares an edge with 3, and so do 5, 7, 11, 19, etc. The prime 41 chains to 2: 41 -> 37 -> 5 -> 3 -> 2. The prime 127 chains to 2, but not mononotically: 127 -> 131 -- 3 -- 2. It's easy to check by hand that all primes less than a few hundred chain to 2. A computer or programmable calculator check verifies without too much effort that all primes less than 3000 also chain to 2, and with a little more effort one can check that all primes less than 40,000 chain to 2. Despite the above evidence, the answer to my colleague's question is that the graph is not connected. Fred Cohen and J. L. Selfridge [3], extending a technique of Erdos, exhibit a 26-digit prime that is neither a sum nor a difference of a power of two and a prime, thus proving that the graph has an isolated node. The technique is a powerful but elementary use of congruences together with some help from computers. The purpose of this paper is to show how that technique works, in the process pushing a little further to obtain the result that there are infinitely many isolated nodes in the graph. Actually, there are two natural graphs that one can consider-the graph consisting of all positive primes (the "small graph"), and the one that includes the negative primes as well (the "total graph"). Using the total graph, one can, for example, chain
Elevated pericardial pressure and cardiac output in the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata during exercise: the role of the pericardioperitoneal canal

»Summary Changes in pericardial pressure, pericardial fluid volume, cardiac stroke volume and heart rate induced by swimming were monitored for Triakis semifasciata (Girard). Maximum pericardial pressure (Pmax, 0.07±0.03kPa) in resting sharks was typically above ambient, whereas minimum pressure (Pmjn, —0.08±0.03 kPa) was slightly subambient. During swimming, both Pmax (0.23±0.03kPa) and Pmin (-0.02±0.03kPa) became elevated, as did heart rate (51±2 to 55±2 beats min" 1 ) and fractional cardiac stroke volume (0.49±0.03 to 0.65±0.04ml). After swimming, all variables fell, except fractional cardiac stroke volume. Estimates of total cardiac output from fractional cardiac stroke volume data during rest, exercise and recovery were 33.1, 56.2 and 60.4 ml kg" 1 min" 1 , respectively. The occurrence of both elevated pericardial pressure and cardiac output during swimming argues against a primary role for pericardial-induced vis a fronte filling as the principal mechanism responsible for increasing cardiac output with exercise. Pericardial fluid loss via the pericardioperitoneal canal (PPC) occurs during swimming as a result of steady-state elevation of pericardial pressure, a series of transient high pericardial pressures, or both. Good general agreement seen for net pericardial fluid loss (0.6 ml kg"" 1 ) and the net increase in cardiac stroke volume (0.45 ml kg" 1 ) during swimming establishes fluid displacement as a mechanism for increasing cardiac stroke volume and suggests that this is the primary function of the PPC.
Using Vessel Monitoring System Data to Identify and Characterize Trips Made by Fishing Vessels in the United States North Pacific.

Time spent fishing is the effort metric often studied in fisheries but it may under-represent the effort actually expended by fishers. Entire fishing trips, from the time vessels leave port until they return, may prove more useful for examining trends in fleet dynamics, fisher behavior, and fishing costs. However, such trip information is often difficult to resolve. We identified ~30,000 trips made by vessels that targeted walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the Eastern Bering Sea from 2008-2014 by using vessel monitoring system (VMS) and landings data. We compared estimated trip durations to observer data, which were available for approximately half of trips. Total days at sea were estimated with 5 million VMS records (timestamps and vessel locations), this study was as much about understanding and managing data errors as it was about characterizing trips. Missing VMS records were pervasive and they strongly influenced our approach. To understand implications of missing data on inference, we simulated removal of VMS records from trips. Removal of records straightened (i.e., shortened) vessel trajectories, and travel distances were underestimated, on average, by 1.5-13.4% per trip. Despite this bias, VMS proved robust for trip characterization and for improved quality control of human-recorded data. Our scrutiny of human-reported and VMS data advanced our understanding of the potential utility and challenges facing VMS users globally.
Magnetic resonance elastography is accurate in detecting advanced fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis

Magnetic resonance elastography is accurate in detecting advanced fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis
Overview of Mobile Containerization Approaches and Open Research Directions

When a mobile device is used for both personal and business purposes, securing enterprise content and preserving employees' privacy are vital. Containerization is a promising approach to address such requirements.
A Fast, Decentralized Covariance Selection-Based Approach to Detect Cyber Attacks in Smart Grids

Recent studies have shown that an attacker can compromise some of the power grid measurements to mislead the conventional state estimators (SEs), since the manipulated measurements can pass the SE residue tests. Statistical structure learning-based approaches have been recently introduced as a powerful tool to detect some of the most complicated cyber attacks. However, the expensive computational complexity of the learning process limits the applicability of these approaches for real time cyber attack detection. This paper proposes a fast and decentralized approach for cyber attack detection based on a maximum likelihood (ML) estimation which exploits the near chordal sparsity of power grids to establish an efficient framework to solve the associated ML estimation problem. The proposed detection method is then decomposed to several local ML estimation problems; this would ensure privacy and reduce the complexity of the underlying problem. The simulation studies validate the efficiency of the proposed method in detecting truly complicated stealthy false data injection attacks.
Rule Escalation and Performance: How Complexity Affects the Organization’s Strategic Performance

Formal rules hold a significant strategic importance; they prevent deviation from the main strategic direction of the organization. At which point do rules become the deviation or distraction from the strategic direction? Given Simon’s procedural rationality theory (Barros, 2010), does the internal rule mass influence the strategic performance of the organization? The following conceptual analysis demonstrates how excessive rule mass can lead the organization on a declining performance curve over time. Rules are designed to reduce the search process for solutions, but in high number they increase complexity in the decision-making process. On the path to complexity, they leave a trail of consequences where managers and employees can lose track of the real purpose of the job, lack organizational citizenship or simply not comply. On an organizational level, it reduces teamwork effectiveness, organizational learning, propensity to innovate and can hinder optimal cost structures. Excessive rule escalation can ...
The Magnitude and Time Course of IOP Change in Response to Body Position Change in Nonhuman Primates Measured Using Continuous IOP Telemetry.

Purpose To study the effect and time course of body position changes on IOP in nonhuman primates. Methods We recorded continuous bilateral IOP measurements with a wireless telemetry implant in three rhesus macaques in seven different body positions. IOP measurements were acquired in the seated-upright, standing, prone, supine, right and left lateral decubitus positions (LDPs), and head-down inverted positions. Continuous IOP was recorded for 90 seconds in each position before returning to a supine reference position until IOP stabilized; measurements were averaged after IOP stabilized at each position. Results Head-down inversion increased IOP an average of 8.9 mm Hg, compared to the supine reference. In the LDP, IOP decreased an average of 0.5 mm Hg in the nondependent eye (i.e., the higher eye), while the fellow dependent (i.e., lower) eye increased an average of 0.5 mm Hg, compared to supine reference. Standing and seated positions decreased IOP 1.5 and 2.2 mm Hg, respectively, compared with supine reference. IOP changes occurred within 4 to 15 seconds of a body position change, and timing was affected by the speed at which body position was changed. Compared to the IOP in the supine position, the IOP in the inverted, prone, and seated positions was significantly different (P = 0.0313 for all). The IOP in the standing position was not statistically different from the IOP in the supine position (P = 0.094). In addition, the IOP was significantly different between the nondependent eye and the dependent eye in the LDPs compared to the supine position (P = 0.0313). Conclusions Body position has a significant effect on IOP and those changes persist over time.
Vocabulary instruction for an English language learner with visual impairment: A multiple-components intervention including tactile representations:

English language learners with visual impairment are an underserved, under-researched group. One particular challenge faced by educators is conveying content knowledge in the secondary setting, par...