cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalized Hermite polynomials associated with functions of parabolic cylinder

Associated Hermite polynomials He^@n"n(z) which generalize the usual (scaled) Hermite polynomials He"n(z) corresponding to @n=0 are introduced for the purpose to represent the raising and lowering of the indices of functions of the parabolic cylinder D"@n(z) in finite integer steps. Properties of these polynomials such as recursion relations, explicit representations and the differential equation are derived. The generation of the associated Hermite polynomials from the usual Hermite polynomials by differential operators representable by means of the confluent hypergeometric function is given. An application for the explicit calculation of the functions of the parabolic cylinder for negative integer indices is discussed. Other applications are visible for the investigation of the zeros of the functions of the parabolic cylinder.
Removing the Egocentric Bias The Relevance of Distress Cues to Evaluation of Fairness

This investigation examines the hypothesis that the egocentric bias may be removed if the psychological distress of the coworker is made salient. The design was a 2 X 2 X 2 completely randomized factorial with the amount of reward (overreward versus underreward), type of relationship (friends versus strangers),and salience of a coworker's distress (no distress message versus distress message) as the three independent variables. The results indicated that the egocentric bias (significant differences between underrewarded and overrewarded subjects' evaluations of fairness) was found when the coworker's distress was not made evident. The bias was eliminated, however, when the distress of the coworker was made known through a message. An explanation of how the equity formulation can account for these findings is provided.
Integrating feature-based surface design with freeform deformation

A feature-based procedural method has been presented for designing a smooth surface that can be explicitly described as the graph of a single-valued bivariate function z = f(x, y). Such surfaces often occur in practice in manufacturing involving stamping or injection moulding operations (for example in car inner panels, brackets, beer cans, and electronic consumer products). Operationally, the design approach entails modifying the shape of an existing surface by sequentially adding arbitrarily shaped protrusions and pockets to it. Sederberg and Parry proposed a versatile technique for deforming existing geometric objects in a freeform manner. Their technique turned on the use of trivariate, parametric Bernstein polynomials, and it can be applied either locally or globally. Unlike the author's feature-based method, in which the design process is carried out by direct manipulation of the surface model, freeform deformation is independent of the geometric model being deformed. The paper presents results that combine the feature-based and freeform deformation design techniques into one 2-stage cad design approach. Although nothing that is technically new is offered in either of the individual stages, the paper illustrates how this integration produces significant value in practical industrial surface design by combining the advantages offered by each method. These include the intuitive, fast, easily modifiable feature-based design of complicated surfaces (that need not be graphs of a function), and the ability to make substantial, predictable and physically meaningful changes in surface geometry by the manipulation of shaping parameters (feature parameters and control points). The author's experience with the design of multifeature automotive sheet metal panels indicates that combining the two cad methods allows parts to be designed that cannot be designed using either method alone.
Abstract 622: Degradation of APE1 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The mammalian apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1/Ref1) is a DNA repair/redox regulator protein of which cytoplasmic accumulation has been associated with tumorigenesis and poor survival outcome. APE1 is degraded through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and previous studies reported APE1 ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligases MDM2 and UBR3. Here we report that Parkin efficiently polyubiquitinated and degraded APE1. Parkin, a product of the PARK2 gene, is responsible for a type of early onset Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been identified as a tumor suppressor. Expression of Parkin and Pink1 enhanced APE1 ubiquitination and markedly decreased endogenous APE1 in A549, a lung adenocarcinoma cell line. APE1 degradation was blocked by incubation of the cells with MG132, a potent 26S proteasome inhibitor, and by a PD associated point mutation in the Parkin RING domain. The activity of PTEN induced-kinase 1 (Pink1) was required for APE1 degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that APE1 interacted with Parkin in the presence of Pink1. These results suggest that APE1 stability is dynamically regulated by Parkin in the cytoplasm through the N-terminal APE1 domain. Citation Format: Timothy L. Scott, Suganya Rangaswamy, Bithika Dhar, LianTeng Zhi, Hansruedi Bueler, Tadahide Izumi. Degradation of APE1 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 622. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-622
Immunochemical studies on the pituitary gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Separate antisera against bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) FSH (FSH ) and LH (LH ) were generated in rabbits with partially purified gonadotropins. Ouchterlony agar diffusion techniques indicated that each antiserum was relatively specific for the homologous antigen, and there was no detectable precipitin reaction with pituitary gonadotropins from a variety of other tetrapod species, including several mammals, birds, and reptiles. Radioligand studies were performed with iodinated preparations of highly purified Rana FSH and LH. Binding studies with these labeled hormones indicated some cross-reactivity with both antisera; i.e., each antiserum bound the heterologous label to some extent. However, this cross-reaction was abolished by adsorbing the antisera with the opposite antigen; this adsorption did not affect the binding of the homologous label. Thus, the apparent cross-reactivity is attributed to separate antibodies in each serum. Electrophoretic analyses on polyacrylamide disc gels at basic pH further demonstrated the distinctiveness of each gonadotropin and its antiserum. Radioimmunoassay with adsorbed and unadsorbed sera confirmed this specificity of each serum for its homologous antigen and showed that this technique could be used as a sensitive method for quantifying gonadotropins. The degree of cross-reaction between gonadotropins was estimated at about 1% or less. Comparison with crude pituitary extract from bullfrog showed that both gonadotropins were considerably purified. Little or no cross-reaction was seen with bullfrog growth hormone or with FSH, LH, or TSH from other nonamphibian species with either antiserum. Biological studies demonstrated that the LH neutralized the activity of Rana LH in a specific bioassay (in vitro ovulation in Xenopus), whereas the FSH had no effect on the LH. In tests for FSH activity in Anolis, the activity of Rana FSH was blocked by both antisera, but the FSH did not affect the biological activity of Rana LH. Thus, the activity of both bullfrog hormones in Anolis is judged to be intrinsic to the molecules. These results demonstrate that the antisera cross-react with the biologically active gonadotropin molecules.
Ventricular tachycardias arising from the aortic sinus of Valsalva: An under-recognized variant of left outflow tract ventricular tachycardia

OBJECTIVES To describe a normal heart left bundle branch block, inferior axis ventricular tachycardia (VT), that could not be ablated from the right or left ventricular outflow tracts. BACKGROUND Whether these VTs are epicardial and can be identified by a specific electrocardiographic pattern is unclear. METHODS Twelve patients with normal heart left bundle branch block, inferior axis VT and previously failed ablation were included in this study. Together with mapping in the right and left ventricular outflow tracts, we obtained percutaneous epicardial mapping in the first five patients and performed aortic sinus of Valsalva mapping in all patients. RESULTS No adequate pace mapping was observed in the right and left ventricular outflow tracts. Earliest ventricular activation was noted in the epicardium and the aortic cusps. All patients were successfully ablated from the aortic sinuses of Valsalva (95% CI 0% to 18%). The electrocardiographic pattern associated with this VT was left bundle branch block, inferior axis and early precordial transition with Rs or R in V2or V3. Ventricular tachycardia from the left sinus had rS pattern in lead I, and VT from the noncoronary sinus had a notched R wave in lead I. None of the patients had complications and all remained arrhythmia-free at a mean follow-up of 8 ± 2.6 months. CONCLUSIONS Normal heart VT with left bundle branch block, inferior axis and early precordial transition can be ablated in the majority of patients from either the left or the noncoronary aortic sinus of Valsalva.
Micro Pulsatile Jets for Thrust Optimization

Thrust optimization of micro-synthetic pulsatile jets is studied. Cylindrical cavities with a small circular orifice at one end, and a vibrating diaphragm at the other are used for thrust generation. The governing parameters are identified and the tradeoffs between electrostatic, piezoelectric, and electromagnetic actuation methods are investigated. Optimization of the micro jets requires a solution that gives maximum diaphragm displacement while minimizing voltage. The size of the orifice diameter is chosen to maintain a formation number of 4, at which the length of an expelled slug of fluid from the exit orifice is four times the diameter of orifice. This relationship maximizes the circulation and impulse in the leading vortex rings generated by the actuator. To examine the effects of cavity dimensions, a number of actuators are constructed out of aluminum with various cavity diameter, cavity height, and orifice diameters. Piezoelectric disks bonded to brass shims are used for actuation. The jets are tested in air at various actuation voltage and wave-shape functions. Maximum thrust generation is achieved at the resonant frequency of the cavity. Hot wire anemometry is used to further characterize the jet flow field. An investigation into electrostatic, piezoelectric, and electromagnetic diaphragm actuation methods revealed that electromagnetic actuation provides the maximum diaphragm displacement using a constant voltage.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
784 PREVENTION OF NEONATAL HEPATITIS B WITH HIGH DOSE HEPATITIS B IMMUNE GLOBULIN (HBIG)

Infants born to mothers acutely or chronically ill with the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are at high risk of becoming chronically infected with HBV. The prevalence of HBV infection is loweramong neonates born to asymptomatic carriers of surface antigea (HBsAg) than among those whose mothers have clinical hepatitis. However clinically apparent hepatitis is more common in the former group of infants. A 32 year old female was determined to be a carrier for HBsAg at the death of her first child from fulminant Hepatitis B at 3 months of age. Her HBsAg sub type was ‘ay’ and her serum was ‘e’ antigen negative. Her second baby, born November 1976, had an uneventful postnatal course. The baby was treated with 5 ml. of HBIG titer 1:500,000 (Cutter Laboratories) on day one and every six weeks for six months. High dose multi injection therapy was given because of failure of single low dose therapy to prevent chronic antigenemia in two previous patients. Liver function tests, HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg have been followed at 3-6 weeks intervals. At eight months of age, growth and development and liver function tests are normal and HBsAg has remained negative. This case has stimulated us to screen for HBsAg in a high risk antenatal clinic. A multi-institutional study involving antenatal screening for HBsAg and treatment with HBIG is needed to determine if the chronic carrier state and neonatal Hepatitis B can be prevented.
1H NMR studies of a 17-mer DNA duplex.

Abstract Transcription factor 1 (TF1), encoded by the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1, is a DNA-binding protein of the HU family. In preparation for a determination of the structure of the DNA–TF1 complex, we have studied the conformation of one core 17-mer duplex d(5′-CACTACTCTTTGTAGTG-3′)-d(5′-CACTACAAAGAGTAGTG-3′). NOESY, DQF-COSY and TOCSY spectroscopy provide resonance assignments of non-exchangeable and exchangeable protons, internucleotide and interstrand proton–proton distances, and dihedral angle constraints. Restrained molecular dynamics calculations yield a family of NMR solution structures for which the RMSD is 0.7 A (all atoms). The helical twist is 34.9° for the central 15 bp. Bends toward the major groove are located between the second and fourth base pairs from each end. The G12·C23 base pair, which is bounded on each side by consecutive A·T pairs, causes a local disturbance to the DNA helix that makes the conformations of the two end segments unsymmetrical. The pyrimidine rings at T9, T10 and T11 experience more extensive rotational movement than the rest of the structure.
EPILEPSY SURGERY IN CHILDREN WITH ELECTRICAL STATUS EPILEPTICUS IN SLEEP

Objective Pediatric epilepsy surgery candidates with unilateral congenital or early-acquired brain lesions may present with refractory seizures and generalized electroencephalographic features such as electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES). The purpose of our study was to review the clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, and outcome in a series of children with unilateral brain lesions and ESES undergoing resective surgery for refractory epilepsy. Methods A total of 415 consecutive patients younger than 18 years of age undergoing video electroencephalographic evaluation and epilepsy surgery at Cleveland Clinic were reviewed for ESES, an underlying pathological lesion, and outcome after surgery. Results Eight patients were included. All patients presented with medically refractory epilepsy, hemiparesis, and developmental delay. The pathogenesis was perinatal infarction in 7 patients and malformation of cortical development in 1 patient. Preoperative electroencephalography demonstrated generalized interictal spikes, electroencephalographic seizures, and ESES in all cases. Age at the time of surgery ranged from 3 to 14 years. Six patients underwent hemispherectomy, and 2 patients underwent focal resection. Six patients became seizure-free after resection. Two patients with functional hemispherectomy continued to have rare seizures, but were much improved. These patients also had perinatal infarctions in the hemisphere contralateral to the resection, possibly indicating a less beneficial outcome. Postoperative electroencephalography demonstrated resolution of generalized interictal discharges and ESES in all. Formal pre- and postoperative neuropsychological testing showed overall improvement of age-equivalent scores. Conclusion Children with unilateral brain lesions and seizures may become seizure-free after epilepsy surgery, even if the preoperative electroencephalogram shows generalized ESES. The lesion occurring early in life and the location of the lesion may play a role in the development of ESES. Cognitive impairment may be aggravated by the persistence of ESES. Preliminary developmental data in this small sample suggest that termination of seizures and possibly of ESES by epilepsy surgery may have developmental benefits.
Chemical vapor detection in ambient air via REMPI

The 1+1 and 2+2 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of gas phase indene near the origin of the first electronic transition at 287.9 nm are reported. This work relates to chemically-specific measurements of trace organic constituents in ambiant air. The spectra were acquired to help assess options for on- and off-resonance REMPI, similar in concept to differential absorbance LIDAR (DIAL) and differential optical absorbance spectroscopy (DOAS). The 1+1 REMPI spectrum for indene at 50 ppbv concentration in air compares well with published high resolution absorbance spectra obtained for much longer pathlength and higher sample concentration. Extensive sequence band structure is observed near the origin. The rotational contours of the origin and sequence bands consist of narrow, nearly symmetric features, accompanied by a lower intensity broad sideband shading to the red. The narrow feature is not as narrow as in the highest resolution absorbance spectrum and cannot be explained in terms of the laser linewidth or intensity (saturation) broadening at high laser power; pressure broadening may be the source. We also report styrene 1+1 REMPI spectrum to document instrument improvements made since our previous study.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Microemulsion formation in sodium stearate-alcohol-hexadecane-water mixtures: Studies by positron annihilation techniques

The study of micelle formation in sodium stearate-alcohol-hexadecane-water mixtures used positron annihilation techniqes. The water/oil ratio (WOR) at which reversed-micelle formation occurs was determined and correlated with properties such as the chain lengths of the cosurfactant. The radio trend found suggests a dependence of the WOR at which microemulsions are formed on the chain length of the cosurfactant alcohol, i.e., the ratio decreases with increasing chain length of the alcohol. 16 references.
Hypothalamic Malonyl-Coenzyme A and the Control of Energy Balance

An intermediate in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), has emerged as a major regulator of energy homeostasis not only in peripheral metabolic tissues but also in regions of the central nervous system that control satiety and energy expenditure. Fluctuations in hypothalamic malonyl-CoA lead to changes in food intake and peripheral energy expenditure in a manner consistent with an anorexigenic signaling intermediate. Hypothalamic malonyl-CoA is regulated by nutritional and endocrine cues including glucose and leptin, respectively. That malonyl-CoA is an essential component in the energy homeostatic signaling system of the hypothalamus is supported by convergence of physiological, pharmacological, and genetic evidence. This review will focus on evidence implicating malonyl-CoA as a central player in the control of body weight and adiposity as well as clues to the molecular mechanism by which carbon flux through the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway is linked to the neural control of energy balance.
Reductive elimination of dihydrogen from arenechromium dimers

Abstract Biphenylbis(chromium dicarbonyl)-μ-bis(diphenylphosphido)methane and its arsenic analog have been prepared in good yield by UV irradiation of biphenylbis(chromium tricarbonyl) and bis(diphenylphosphido)methane or bis(diphenylarsino)methane in benzene. Addition of strong acid to these dinuclear compounds results in rapid dihydrogen evolution and subsequent decomposition of the oxidized chromium species. A scheme for the dihydrogen elimination reaction is proposed in which both metal centers are protonated in an oxidative addition step, followed by reductive elimination of dihydrogen from the two metal centers.
Treatment/self-help for alcohol-related problems: relationship to social pressure and alcohol dependence.

In a 1984 national survey of U.S. adult drinking practices and problems, social pressure to change one's drinking behavior was significantly related in men to a history of alcohol treatment or self-help (AA), as was severity of alcohol dependence. When dependence was added to a model already including social pressure as a predictor of treatment, the fit of the model to the data was significantly improved. Implications of the findings for diagnostic criteria used to define alcohol dependence are discussed, as well as the relationship of the findings to a theoretical model of illness behavior.
Urinary prostaglandins and the effect of indomethacin on phosphate excretion in children with hypophosphatemic rickets

We recently reported the urinary prostaglandin E2/creatinine ratio (PGE2/Cr) was markedly elevated in Hyp mice, the animal model for X-linked hypophosphatemia, compared with control mice. We provided evidence for altered prostaglandin production mediating the phosphaturia and that indomethacin decreases urinary phosphate excretion in Hyp mice but not control mice. To determine the levels of urinary PGE2/Cr, the safety and efficacy of indomethacin on phosphate excretion in children with hypophosphatemic rickets (HPR), a prospective clinical trial was performed in 16 children with HPR and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Urinary PGE2/Cr excretion was determined on a 24 h timed urine collection. A randomized cross over, placebo versus indomethacin, clinical trial was performed in the 16 children with HPR. There was no difference in urinary PGE2/Cr excretion between controls and patients with HPR. In children with HPR, indomethacin treatment for 3 mo had no significant effect on serum phosphorus or urinary phosphate excretion. In conclusion, urinary prostaglandin excretion is similar in children with HPR compared with controls. Indomethacin had no significant effect on serum phosphorus or urinary phosphate excretion in children with HPR.
A graphical interface for private cloud and cluster management

Management of cloud and cluster systems can be a daunting task, and becomes increasingly complicated as the organization grows and requires more computing resources. Organizations that have a need for a large amount of computing resources have two major deployment decisions: native cluster architecture or a local cloud based architecture. Regardless of the underlying architecture, the deployment process should remain universal. Many different deployment considerations are available. Automated deployment is desirable because typically these systems are headless, and thus difficult to manage individually. The tool, which we have developed allows users to deploy filesystem images on computer systems within the same local network. Additionally, the tool presents the user with node management tools for controlling the power state of the systems, as well as information such as IP addresses, MAC addresses, and power state.
Mathematics and Mobile Learning

This paper argues for an approach to mobile learning that leverages students’ informal digital practices as resources for designing mathematics classrooms activities. We briefly describe two exploratory designs along these lines, one featuring the use of photos taken by students outside class and the other centered on their recording and analyzing videos of motion. We then present a case study analysis of two students working through portions of these activities in class and discuss the potential of the approach as well as challenges associated with its implementation.
On Strichartz estimates for Schrödinger operators in compact manifolds with boundary

We prove local Strichartz estimates with a loss of derivatives over compact manifolds with boundary. Our results also apply more generally to compact manifolds with Lipschitz metrics.
Changes in anterior pituitary hormone secretion and hypothalamic catecholamine metabolism during morphine withdrawal in the female rat.

Abstract Studies were undertaken to evaluate the acute responses of hypothalamic noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons and anterior pituitary hormones to naloxone (NAL)-precipitated morphine (MOR) withdrawal in the rat. Ovariectomized female rats were rendered MOR-dependent and injected with NAL (1 mg/kg b.w., s.c.). During precipitated MOR withdrawal, a decline in norepinephrine (NE) concentrations was preceded by an increase in the level of its metabolite normetanephrine (NME) in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) as well as the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH). Both dopamine (DA) and its major acid metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), showed increased concentrations in these two hypothalamic regions within 30 min of NAL administration. Elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) and β-endorphin secretion was evident within 5 min of NAL injection to MOR-dependent rats, while serum prolactin (PRL) increased 15 min into MOR withdrawal. Both growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were depressed over the course of MOR withdrawal. Although a cause and effect relationship cannot be established, during NAL-precipitated MOR withdrawal, a heightened hypothalamic monoaminergic neuronal activity is accompanied by a differential response of anterior pituitary hormones. The observed responses, which are similar to those seen during acute stress, indicate that MOR withdrawal may activate the same mechanisms which mediate the neuroendocrine response to stress.
Multiple reads, one write simultaneously in distributed database

Abstract Currently, there are two approaches to control the database concurrency: the two-phase locking approach and the timestamp approach. In this paper, we introduce a new approach which will increase the output of the distributed database management system, DDBMS. In this new system, instead of preventing users from modifying data while other users read them, DDBMS will create virtual tables for those database readers. Therefore, those data values can be accessed in read mode by multiple users and be access in write mode by a user, simultaneously.
Lactate dehydrogenases from crustaceans and arachnids

Abstract 1. 1. Barnacles (Mandibulata, subclass Cirripedia), tarantulas (Chelicerata) and horseshoe crabs (Chelicerata) possess lactate dehydrogenases specific for d (−)-lactate. 2. 2. The molecular weight of the enzyme from the barnacle, Balanus nubilis, is approximately 140,000 in contrast to approximately 70,000 for the enzymes in Chelicerata. 3. 3. The kinetic properties of the enzyme in cell-free extracts from this barnacle differ greatly from those of the enzymes in horseshoe crab and tarantula. 4. 4. All of the animals from the Mandibulata, subclass Malacostraca tested possess lactate dehydrogenases specific for l (+)-lactate. Variations in kinetic properties, heat stability, and charge of these enzymes were studied.
Sensitivity of human cells bearing oncogenic mutant kit isoforms to the novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor INNO‐406

The activity of the novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor INNO-406 against human cells with mutated KIT was investigated. Human mast cell (HMC)-1.1 cells with juxtamembrane domain mutation V560G, and HMC-1.2 cells with both V560G and the kinase domain mutation D816V, were treated with INNO-406 (0.02-5.00 microM) or imatinib for 72 h. INNO-406 and imatinib were equipotent against HMC-1 cells regarding cell proliferation (IC50 51 nM and 75 nM, respectively), inhibition of KIT phosphorylation, and induction of apoptosis. In contrast, neither drug was effective against HMC-1.2 cells at the dose range tested. The present results suggest clinical potential for INNO-406 in KIT V560G-expressing malignancies.
REDUCTION OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM BY FERROUS IRON

To better understand the geochernical processes that result in the reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in natural waters, the reaction of Cr(VI) with Fe(II) has been studied as a function of pH and temperature. Over the concentration range studied [0.3–100 μM Fe(II) and 0.9–600 μM Cr(VI)], the reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to Fe(H) and Cr(VI). The relationship between the rate coefficient and solution conditions can be explained by considering the reactivity of each of the Fe(II) species that are present at significant concentrations [i.e., Fe2+, FeOH+, and Fe(OH)2]. The effect of pH on the rate of reduction of Cr(VI) can be expressed by the following relationship: −d[Cr(VI)]dt = k[Cr(VI)][Fe(II)] where k = [4.4 × 103 M−2s−1] + [3.0 × 105 M−3s−1(H+)2] + [3.0 × 104 M−1s−1c βFeOH+(OH)−] + [1 × 108 M−1s−1cβFe(OH)2(OH−)2] and cβFeOH+ = 3.16 × 104 M−1 cβFeOH+ = 3.16 × 107 M−2 at low ionic strength. The value of k can be adjusted for the effects of temperature by correcting the constants using published ΔH values. These results suggest that the reduction of Cr(VI) occurs on the timescale of minutes to months in Fe(II)-containing sediments, soils, and waters.
Understanding international financial reporting standards (IFRS): a review and evaluation of IFRS research

This paper is centred on the research related to international financial reporting standards (IFRS). IFRS are of great usefulness for countries which do not have a national standards setting body as the preparation of accounting standards involves considerable cost and, it would not be economical for each country to have a separate standard setting process. This research is expected to serve as a guide in understanding the standards reported within the IFRS. The major purpose of this research is to survey the IFRS-related research literature published during the period from 2000 and 2009. The survey suggests that a wide range of topic areas has been covered by the selected research studies. This learning can be incorporated in revising curricula related to international financial reporting.
Mechanisms and functional aspects of intestinal calcium absorption.

Calcium absorption, in terms of mechanisms and function, is well adapted to meet the calcium needs of mammals. When calcium levels in the food are low, the active, mediated transcellular calcium transport assumes primary importance. This process is vitamin D-dependent, largely localized in the duodenum, and involves three steps: entry across the brush border, mediated by a molecular structure, CaT1, with two components; a facilitated transport that saturates at low luminal calcium concentration; and a channel component through which most calcium enters the cell at the higher luminal concentrations. Intracellular diffusion is assured by a small, cytosolic calcium binding molecule, calbindinD(9k), which carries more than 90% of the calcium that traverses the duodenal cell, thus also serving as a buffer. Extrusion is by the CaATPase and is not a limiting step. Calcium entry is reduced by more than 90% in the absence of vitamin D, with biosynthesis of calbindinD(9k) totally vitamin D-dependent. Active transport is upregulated on low calcium intake and downregulated at high calcium intake, when paracellular calcium transport through the tight junctions of the intestine becomes the dominant process. The amount of calcium absorbed paracellularly is a function of the calcium gradient between lumen and plasma and of the time the chyme spends at a given intestinal site. The coexistence of mediated and nonmediated transport processes assures the organism of an adequate calcium supply, yet prevents excessive calcium absorption.
Induction of type 2 cystatin in rat submandibular glands by systemically administered agents.

Abstract An inducible type 2 cystatin has earlier been characterized in submandibular glands and kidneys of rats treated with isoproterenol, as well as in kidneys of rats with experimental renal disease. The purpose now was to determine whether giving agents that have systemic toxicity could also be associated with induction of cystatin in rat salivary glands. Female Wistar rats (200–250 g) were given isoproterenol, cyclocytidine, potassium dichromate or turpentine oil. After autopsy, the organs were sectioned, fixed in 10% formalin, and processed routinely. Paraffin sections were processed for both the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and the avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical methods. The submandibular glands of rats given cyclocytidine had generalized, strong staining of acinar cells, as well as occasional weak staining within granular convoluted tubules. Animals given either potassium dichromate or turpentine oil exhibited moderate staining for cystatin in submandibular acini. Rats given isoproterenol as a positive control exhibited strong acinar staining throughout the submandibular gland, while the glands of untreated rats were unreactive. Inducible type 2 cystatin could not be detected in the parotid or sublingual glands, or in trachea, lung, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, liver and pancreas, after treatment with any of the systemic agents evaluated. The results indicate that elaboration of type 2 cystatin can be induced by a variety of systemically administered agents other than isoproterenol, and suggest that elaboration of type 2 cystatin may represent a more generalized response to tissue injury.
Left circumflex coronary artery to left atrial fistula in a patient with mitral stenosis: Invasive and noninvasive findings with pathophysiologic correlation

We report a case of an angiographically documented fistula between the circumflex coronary artery and a left atrial appendage thrombus in a patient with mitral stenosis, flow from which can be demonstrated solely by a color doppler transesophageal echocardiogram. Evaluation of catheter derived hemodynamics and angiographic flow patterns reveals a heretofore undescribed physiologic property of coronary to atrial shunts in patients with mitral stenosis. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Categories, Creditworthiness, and Contagion: How Investors' Shortcuts Affect Sovereign Debt Markets

We assess how investors evaluate sovereign borrowers, arguing that sovereign risk is less “sovereign” than previous research assumes. Investors evaluate governments based not only on what they do, but also on investors' views of similar, “peer” countries. Professional investors use investment categorizations (geography, sovereign credit rating, or level of market development) as a heuristic device. As a result, peer country effects, as well as country-specific and global factors (booms, crises, or shocks), should explain sovereign interest rates. The peer effects we expect are regular features of international capital markets, rather than phenomena that occur in periods of market turmoil. We assess our expectations using error correction models of monthly sovereign risk premiums, which reveal significant interdependencies in sovereign risk assessments among countries, net of global and domestic predictors. Such contagion emerges principally in the short term, although we also find robust, long-term ties in sovereign risk assessments among countries sharing common regional classifications. Hence, our evidence suggests that professional investors' reliance on country categorizations facilitates the transmission of market sentiments—which include lower as well as higher risk premiums charged—across groups of countries, even when countries differ in key measures of creditworthiness. Our analyses highlight the importance of investors' ideas regarding country categorizations; they call into question the efficiency of sovereign debt markets.
Charles Darwin's debt to Malthus and Edward Blyth.

It is not justifiable to accuse Darwin of conscious or unconscious plagiarism. This charge is contrary to the historical evidence and to the extensive information that we have about his character. When Darwin listed the writers on the origin of species by natural selection before himself, he did not mention Blyth, and this omission did not disturb the cordial relations between Darwin and Blyth. Blyth continued to supply Darwin with information which Darwin used in his later publications with due acknowledgment to Blyth. For example, in The Descent of Man, Darwin cited Blyth: “Mr. Blyth, as he informs me, saw Indian crows feeding two or three of their companions which were blind.”63 Blyth felt no resentment. If he did, he would have so informed Darwin. Blyth did not regard himself as in any sense a predecessor of Darwin and he certainly did not resent Darwin as a plagiarizer of himself. Moreover, Darwin went to a great deal of trouble to find his own predecessors and to give them proper credit.64
Sweet spots in functional glycomics

Information contained in the mammalian glycome is decoded by glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) that mediate diverse functions including host-pathogen interactions, cell trafficking and transmembrane signaling. Although information on the biological roles of GBPs is rapidly expanding, challenges remain in identifying the glycan ligands and their impact on GBP function. Protein-glycan interactions are typically low affinity, requiring multivalent interactions to achieve a biological effect. Though many glycoproteins can carry the glycan structure recognized by the GBP, other factors, such as recognition of protein epitopes and microdomain localization, may restrict which glycoproteins are functional ligands in situ. Recent advances in development of glycan arrays, synthesis of multivalent glycan ligands, bioengineering of cell-surface glycans and glycomics databases are providing new tools to identify the ligands of GBPs and to elucidate the mechanisms by which they participate in GBP function.
Challenges and new opportunities in the investigation of new drug therapies to treat frontotemporal dementia.

Background: Frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders are a set of neurodegenerative disorders affecting the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. They are often fatal, and currently no medications have been shown to slow their progression. Recent developments in understanding these disorders may aid in developing treatments. Objective: To discuss the development of drug therapies for frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders, both those under current investigation and those that could be targets for future investigation. Methods: This review is divided into four sections: First, a brief review of frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders; second, a discussion of the challenges in the development of drug therapies third, a review of the current clinical trials; and finally a discussion of some recent discoveries, which have sparked new areas of investigation. Conclusions: Hopefully, advances in understanding of frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders and clinical trial design will aid the development...
Clarifying the Temporal Relationship between Dependent Personality Disorder and Anxiety Disorders

The relationship between dependent personality disorder (DPD) and several of the anxiety disorders is explored. Recent meta-analytic findings (this issue) suggest that DPD is comorbid with social phobia, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and panic disorder but not with the other anxiety disorders. Examination of comorbidity rates clarifies the relationship between DPD and specific anxiety disorders, but this method does not address many of the important questions concerning this relationship. It remains unclear whether DPD is associated with an increased risk for developing an anxiety disorder or whether anxiety disorders increase the risk of developing DPD. Additionally, if DPD does serve as a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders, it is unclear whether this risk is clinically meaningful. Finally, causal mechanisms leading from DPD to anxiety disorder have not been examined and warrant future investigation. Examination of comorbidity rates between DPD and the anxiety disorders does not address many clinically relevant issues surrounding the DPD-anxiety relationship, but it does highlight important directions for future research.
Effects of cucl2 on UV‐mutagenesis and on DNA damage in a restriction fragment of E. Coli gpt∗

CuCl2 does not cause Trp+ reversion in E. coli WP2. However, when the bacteria are exposed to CuCl2 and UV‐irradiated, a greater than 3‐fold enhancement of mutagenesis (compared to UV alone) is seen at 30 μMCuCl2, and significant enhancement is seen even at 3 μM. The mechanism for this comutagenic effect was studied using a restriction fragment of the E. coli gpt gene. Whereas UV or CuCl2 alone caused few strand breaks, UV + CuCl2 induced breaks at every site. This reaction was blocked by KI, a free radical scavenger. While UV alone induced alkali‐labile sites, UV+ CuCl2 induced many more such sites and altered the sequence specificity. We suggest that at least some of the comutagenic effect might be due to hydroxyl radical formed via a Fenton reaction.
Satellite Culture and Eliot’s Glencoe

T. S. Eliot’s one poem about Scotland is a verbal response to landscape unparalleled in his work and significant in its recognition of what cannot be appropriated or assimilated. Although one critic, in 1975, called it Eliot’s “only great short lyric,” it has almost never been discussed or even mentioned in subsequent criticism. In its recognition, however, of a scene and history beyond what his other work reveals, “Rannoch, by Glencoe” not only represents a momentary realization of history and geography outside his own, it counters Eliot’s social analysis of cultures he defines as “satellite,” or subsidiary to his concept of “the greater peoples.” In “Notes towards the Definition of Culture,” Eliot argues that the importance of literature from “regions” combines the “stronger” culture’s connection of the satellite to the “world at large” and the “satellite” culture’s contributions to developing and enriching the “stronger.” Yet in “Rannoch, by Glencoe” Scotland and its tragic history are merged in a landscape and consciousness with power and significance in and for Scotland itself.
A burst chasing x-ray polarimeter

Tihs is a viewgraph presentation of a discussion of the X-ray Polarimeter. Gamma-ray bursts are one of the most powerful explosions in the universe and have been detected out to distances of almost 13 billion light years. The exact origin of these energetic explosions is still unknown but the resulting huge release of energy is thought to create a highly relativistic jet of material and a power-law distribution of electrons. There are several theories describing the origin of the prompt GRB emission that currently cannot be distinguished. Measurements of the linear polarization would provide unique and important constraints on the mechanisms thought to drive these powerful explosions. We present the design of a sensitive, and extremely versatile gamma-ray burst polarimeter. The instrument is a photoelectric polarimeter based on a time-projection chamber. The photoelectric time-projection technique combines high sensitivity with broad band-pass and is potentially the most powerful method between 2 and 100 keV where the photoelectric effect is the dominant interaction process We present measurements of polarized and unpolarized X-rays obtained with a prototype detector and describe the two mission concepts, the Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter (GRBP) for thc U S Naval Academy satellite MidSTAR-2, and thc Low Energy Polarimeter (LEP) onboard POET, a broadband polarimetry concept for a small explorer mission.
Complications of thoracoscopy.

Background. The revolution in video technology has led to the acceptance of thorascoscopy as an important tool in thoracic surgery. Methods. A review of all patients undergoing thoracoscopy at the University of Maryland between November 1991 and March 1995 was performed to identify the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. In addition, the role of computed tomography for predicting intraoperative complications was analyzed. Results. Three hundred forty-eight procedures were performed in 321 patients. Twenty-seven patients required conversion to thoracotomy for various indications. In 12 patients further resection was required after frozen section diagnosis confirmed lung carcinoma. Six patients were opened due to adhesions. Two patients were opened due to inability to find the lesion (this represents 1.6% of all solitary pulmonary nodules). Three cases were converted to thoracotomy for lesions that were too large to remove (representing 2.5% of all solitary pulmonary nodules resected). Two patients required conversion to thoracotomy because of inability to obtain one-lung ventilation. One case required a limited thoracotomy for a lost needle used for needle localization of a solitary intraparenchymal nodule, and 1 patient had emergent exploration for bleeding. Early postoperative complications developed in 10 patients. There were two explorations in the immediate postoperative period for bleeding. Prolonged air leak occurred in 3 patients, empyema in 2, and recurrent pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, and pneumonia in 1 patient each. Computed tomography failed to diagnose adhesions in the majority of patients requiring conversion to thoracotomy. Conclusions. Thoracoscopy is a safe and effective procedure with low intraoperative and postoperative complication rates.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI with localized arterial input functions

Compared to gold-standard measurements of cerebral perfusion with positron emission tomography using H(2)[(15)O] tracers, measurements with dynamic susceptibility contrast MR are more accessible, less expensive, and less invasive. However, existing methods for analyzing and interpreting data from dynamic susceptibility contrast MR have characteristic disadvantages that include sensitivity to incorrectly modeled delay and dispersion in a single, global arterial input function. We describe a model of tissue microcirculation derived from tracer kinetics that estimates for each voxel a unique, localized arterial input function. Parameters of the model were estimated using Bayesian probability theory and Markov-chain Monte Carlo, circumventing difficulties arising from numerical deconvolution. Applying the new method to imaging studies from a cohort of 14 patients with chronic, atherosclerotic, occlusive disease showed strong correlations between perfusion measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast MR with localized arterial input function and perfusion measured by quantitative positron emission tomography with H(2)[(15)O]. Regression to positron emission tomography measurements enabled conversion of dynamic susceptibility contrast MR to a physiologic scale. Regression analysis for localized arterial input function gave estimates of a scaling factor for quantitation that described perfusion accurately in patients with substantial variability in hemodynamic impairment.
Massive acromioclavicular joint cyst.

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint cysts are an uncommon presentation of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. It is important to understand the relationship between AC joint cysts and rotator cuff tears because there is a high recurrence rate if the cyst is treated without addressing the rotator cuff tear. We present a case of a patient with a very large AC joint cyst associated with a significant softtissue deformity, a large full-thickness rotator cuff tear, and AC joint degeneration. We present this case because the pathology required a unique approach to the shoulder to manage the large soft-tissue mass.