cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation of hepatic microsomal glucuronyltransferase from gunn rats by exposure to light

Abstract Exposure of hepatic microsomes from icteric and nonicteric rats to 250 foot candles of blue fluorescent light for 4 hours at 4–6°C significantly increased the activity of UDPglucuronyltransferase activity using p-nitrophenol as a substrate. The light exposure reduced serum bilirubin concentration from icteric rats or bilirubin of fortified human serum albumin by 70 per cent but there was no difference in light activation of hepatic microsomes from icteric or nonicteric rats. Light exposure also decreased the activation of UDPglucuronyltransferase produced by Triton X-100.
Development of method for synthesis of Pt-Co cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells

A procedure was developed to synthesize a platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) alloy electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction using Co/C composite as a support. The Pt-Co/C catalysts were synthesized through: (i) chemical oxidation of carbon black, (ii) Co deposition on the oxidized carbon using a chelation method, (iii) chemical treatment in an acidic medium to remove excess of Co on the carbon surface, (iv) Pt deposition onto the Co/C support, and (v) postheat treatment to form the Pt-Co alloy catalyst. The synthesized Pt-Co/C catalyst showed improved activity and long-term stability in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells when compared with a conventional Pt-Co/C catalyst. The electron probe microanalysis combined with scanning electron microscopy indicated that the Co content in the alloy catalyst remains stable without poisoning of the electrolyte membrane during long-term operation.
Estimating the effect of occupational noise exposure on hearing thresholds: the importance of adjusting for confounding variables.

Objectives:To evaluate whether valid estimation of the effect of occupational noise exposure on hearing thresholds requires adjustment for factors other than age, sex, and race, which also influence hearing function.Design:Multivariate regression analyses were performed in the 1999-2002 National Hea
Quantitative analysis of coronal x-ray spectra at high resolution

We use Chandra observations to illustrate the x-ray spectral resolution and throughput required to probe the physical processes in stellar coronae. With today's capability, we are in a strong position to quantify the physical conditiosn for a number of stellar systems. The future holds the promise of dynamical studies to test the physical processes in the corona. Diagnostic studies include measurements of electron densities in cool star atmospheres. Published measurements of electron densities from Chandra and XMM-Newton in the brightest stellar coronae disagree by more than an order of magnitude. We show that reconciling these measurements requires detailed treatment of weak satellite spectra and other line blending. While these studies provide a sobering view of electron density measurements, they also provide a strong indication of what can be learned in the future when we combine high spectral resolution with high signal-to-noise. Dynamic studies using Chandra HETG Doppler shifts are so far only reported for the most rapidly rotating cool stars. These new measurements are somewhat compromised by the presence of continuum and weak line blends, and are near the statistical limit. Nevertheless, they can provide a realistic test of the spectral synthesis such that the location(s) of coronal loops can be compared to the photospheric Doppler images. Examples of what can be learned from dynamic studies are presented.
Ballistic hot-electron transport in nanoscale semiconductor heterostructures: exact self-energy of a three-dimensional periodic tight-binding Hamiltonian

As the length scale for semiconductor heterostructures approaches the regime of the lattice constant, our current theory for calculating ballistic hot-electron transport becomes inapplicable. In this case, a method such as the Green's function formalism should be used to calculate ballistic electron transmission functions from the exact, periodic lattice potential. We present a method for directly calculating the exact surface Green's function for three-dimensional periodic leads which is necessary for such a scheme. Except in cases of high crystal symmetry, the method is limited by the difficulty to solve a nonsymmetric matrix Riccati equation.
A Spin Polarized Disc. II

We present a solution to the gravitational field equations which describes either a static disc in general relativity or a spin polarized rotating disc in a Riemann-Cartan spacetime. The disc has infinite radius and finite thickness. The energy and pressure are finite and positive within the disc and for some parameter choices, a radial fall off in the fluid parameters is possible. A comparison is made to axis-symmetric wall solutions.
Metabolisable energy and digestible nutrient contents of brewers grains and glucose for the young Turkey

1. The metabolisable energy (ME) contents of dried brewers grains and of dried brewers grains with yeast were 5.51 +0.69 and 7.20 ±0.69 MJ/kg dry matter or 0.25 + 0.03 and 0.34 + 0.03 of their respective gross energy contents. 2. In these respective ingredients, the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein were, 0.66 + 0.08 and 0.69 + 0.08; of fat, 0.49 + 0.16 and 0.64 + 0.16; of dry matter 0.14 + 0.05 and 0.24 + 0.05, while fibre and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) were not digested. 3. In balanced low‐protein diets formed by adding glucose to a high‐protein diet, the ME content of glucose was 15.12 + 0.44 MJ/kg dry matter or 0.97 ± 0.03 of its gross energy content, while the apparent digestibility coefficient of its NFE was 0–99 + 0–02, and that of its dry matter was 1.02 + 0.04. 4. Imbalancing diets greatly by removing or adding glucose to a balanced diet did not affect the nutrient digestibility or the ME of glucose, indicating that the basic assumption of linearity of these measurements with dietar...
Transmission electron microscopy characterization of Zircaloy-4 and ZIRLO™ oxide layers

Abstract Waterside corrosion of zirconium alloy nuclear fuel cladding varies markedly from one alloy to another. In addition, for a given alloy, the corrosion rate evolves during the corrosion process, most notably when the oxide loses its stability at the oxide transition. In an effort to understand the mechanism resulting in the variations of corrosion rate observed at the oxide transition, oxide layers formed on Zircaloy-4 and ZIRLO™ in high temperature water autoclave environments, and archived before and after the transition, are characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The study characterizes and compares the oxide morphology in both alloys at different times during the corrosion process, in an effort to understand the oxide growth mechanism for these alloys. Results show that the oxide is mainly composed of monoclinic ZrO 2 1 , with a preponderance of columnar oxide grains which extend to the oxide/metal interface. The oxide formed right after the transition has occurred, exhibits a 150 nm-wide layer of small equiaxed grains with high tetragonal oxide fraction. This layer has a similar morphology and structure as the first oxide layer formed (observed near the oxide/water interface). A study of the oxygen-rich region near the oxide/metal interface reveals a complex structure of different phases at different stages of corrosion. The interface exhibits an intermediate layer, identified as ZrO, a discontinuous layer of “blocky” Zr 3 O grains embedded in the ZrO layer, and a suboxide layer corresponding to an oxygen saturated solid solution in the metal matrix side. The thickness of this interfacial layer decreased markedly at the transition. Hydrides are also observed in that region, with a definite orientation relationship with the matrix. The observations of the oxide/metal interface are qualitatively similar for the two alloys but quantitatively different. The incorporation of intermetallic precipitates into the oxide layer is also studied, and compared between the two alloys. These results are discussed in terms of previous observations and of current models of oxide growth.
Electron spin-echo-detected EPR imaging

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging with electron spin-echo-detected EPR permits imaging based on electron spin relaxation times as well as on location in the sample. The feasibility is demonstrated with samples of coal, irradiated quartz, and pitch.
Conversion of Methanol to Dimethylether over ZSM-5 by DRIFT Spectroscopy

A diffuse reflectance infrared study of the dehydration of methanol to dimethylether over ZSM-5 catalyst is presented. Between 125° and 200°C, dimethylether is formed and a possible stable intermediate in the nucleophilic attack on surface methoxide groups by methanol is observed on the acid form of the zeolite. This species occupies two OH sites in close proximity. In contrast to the deactivated zeolite, the acid form of ZSM-5 shows an increase in the concentration of terminal silanol groups as the temperature is increased above 100°C and a concurrent increase in reflectivity in the region of the lattice overtone and combination modes.
Density functional theory study of Zn X ( X = O , S , Se , Te ) under uniaxial strain

We present a first principles density functional theory based study of the impact of uniaxial strain on the structural and electronic properties of bulk $\text{Zn}X$ $(X=\text{O},\text{ }\text{S},\text{ }\text{Se},\text{ }\text{Te})$ in the wurtzite and zinc blende phases. The strain axis was chosen to be along the [0001] and [111] directions, respectively, for the wurtzite and zinc blende systems. For large uniaxial compressive strains, all systems undergo a transition from the equilibrium wurtzite or zinc blende phases to a pseudographitic phase. Simultaneously, the band gap of the systems gradually drops to a small or zero value. Under large uniaxial tensile strains, all systems tend to form individual stoichiometric $\text{Zn}X$ layers, also with small band gap values relative to the corresponding equilibrium ones. Although the range of strains considered here is enormous, appreciable changes (i.e., reductions) of the band gap may be accomplished for modest and realistic strains achievable in nanowires.
Linear and non-linear spectroscopy of microparticles: Basic principles, new techniques and promising applications

In the introduction a brief recollection is made of how one of us (RKC), accidentally, got into this field of linear and nonlinear spectroscopy of a dielectric micro-particle that can be treated as a micro-cavity or a micro-resonator. The basic principles of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) and their relationship with electromagnetic theory are presented. To simplify the mathematics, we only discuss an example from a 2-d case of light illumination perpendicular to the fiber axis. This 2-d example has relevance to semiconductor circular disk lasers, nonlinear optics in torroids, fibers and spheres at the tip of a fiber. The internal and near-field distribution of a WGM are graphically plotted to give the reader a chance to get a physical understanding of the spatial distribution as well as spectral distribution of WGMs. Several new techniques that enable the measurements of: (1) nanometer changes in the cladding diameter over a centimeter length of fiber; (2) some aspects of the morphology of micro-particles by elastic scattering; and (3) biochemical reactions at the interface of liquid media with a sphere at the end of a fiber. A few interesting nonlinear optical experimental results pertaining to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) are touched upon. We present some preliminary results for promising applications in the area of bioaerosols. These include ambient aerosol characterization and identification with elastic scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and other optical and/or biochemical identifiers.
NMR Structure of Water-Solubilized Transmembrane Domain of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

No high-resolution experimental structure of the transmembrane (TM) domains of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is currently available. We have addressed some critical issues related to structure determination by strategically mutating 22 hydrophobic, putatively lipid-facing residues to hydrophilic ones, so that the resulting TM domains have improved water solubility while maintaining the native fold. Two different designs based on the nAChR α1 subunit were attempted. The first (TM123-4) consisted of the four TM domains in their natural sequential arrangement, with an artificial linker between TM3 and TM4. The second (TM4-123) has TM4 moved before TM1. TM123-4 failed to be expressed by E. coli, suggesting possible cell toxicity. In contrast, TM4-123 was expressed with high yield and produced stable samples for structure characterization by high-resolution NMR. Monomeric TM4-123 structure was resolved to a backbone RMSD of 1.2 A. The overall structure of TM4-123 is similar to that of the cryo-EM model, except that the very short TM2-TM3 loop (VPLI) found in the cryo-EM structure was replaced by a significantly longer loop (LIPSTSSA) and shifted by 5 residues towards the TM2 domain. More interestingly, ‘TSSA’ in this loop exists in two conformations: a rigid helix and a flexible coil, and these two conformations are in slow exchange on the NMR timescale. Given that the interaction between the TM2-TM3 loop and the extracellular domain likely mediates channel gating, the two conformations in this important loop might represent the critical transitions required for the channel to open. The high-resolution structure of water-solubilized nAChR TM domains allows us to better understand the structural basis of channel function (Funded by NIH R37GM049202, R01GM056257, and P01GM055876).
Vladimir Kosma Zworykin: Lamme medalist for 1948 the Lamme medal

Vladimir Kosma Zworykin (F '45), Vice-President and Technical Consultant, Radio Corporation of America, RCA Laboratories Division, Princeton, N. J., has been honored as Lamme Medalist for 1948 for “his outstanding contribution to the concept and design of electronic apparatus basic to modern television.” The Lamme Medal, which has been awarded annually since 1928 by bequest of Benjamin Garver Lamme, was presented to Mr. Zworykin on June 22, 1949, at a general session of the AIEE Summer General Meeting held in Swampscott, Mass., June 20–24.
Magnetosphere of Jupiter

Magnetospheric model of Jupiter from numerical calculation of maximum number density of plasma
Coulomb potentials in heavy-ion interactions

Abstract The usual point charge approximation for the Coulomb potential in heavy-ion interactions is compared with more realistic treatments. Elastic scattering and transfer reaction calculations appear to be insensitive to the form of the Coulomb potential used.
Family-centered Care in the Critical Care Setting: Is It Best Practice?

The critical illness of a family member negatively impacts the entire family. Nurses have the opportunity to be instrumental in maintaining the family unit. Family-centered care and open visitation are supported by research. Research also shows that family-centered care improves satisfaction for both the patient and family. This is an integrated literature review and recommendations for clinical practice.
Folate-Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticle Formulation of Docetaxel Is an Effective Molecularly Targeted Radiosensitizer with Efficacy Dependent on the Timing of Radiotherapy

Nanoparticle (NP) chemotherapeutics hold great potential as radiosensitizers. Their unique properties, such as preferential accumulation in tumors and their ability to target tumors through molecular targeting ligands, are ideally suited for radiosensitization. We aimed to develop a molecularly targeted nanoparticle formulation of docetaxel (Dtxl) and evaluate its property as a radiosensitizer. Using a biodegradable and biocompatible lipid-polymer NP platform and folate as a molecular targeting ligand, we engineered a folate-targeted nanoparticle (FT-NP) formulation of Dtxl. These NPs have sizes of 72±4 nm and surface charges of −42±8 mV. Using folate receptor over-expressing KB cells and folate receptor low HTB-43 cells, we showed folate-mediated intracellular uptake of NPs. In vitro radiosensitization studies initially showed FT-NP is less effective than Dtxl as a radiosensitizer. However, the radiosensitization efficacy is dependent on the timing of radiotherapy. In vitro radiosensitization conducted with irradiation given at the optimal time (24 hours) showed FT-NP Dtxl is as effective as Dtxl. When FT-NP Dtxl is compared to Dtxl and non-targeted nanoparticle (NT-NP) Dtxl in vivo, FT-NP was found to be significantly more effective than Dtxl or NT-NP Dtxl as a radiosensitizer. We also confirmed that radiosensitization is dependent on timing of irradiation in vivo. In summary, FT-NP Dtxl is an effective radiosensitizer in folate-receptor over-expressing tumor cells. Time of irradiation is critical in achieving maximal efficacy with this nanoparticle platform. To the best of our knowledge, our report is the first to demonstrate the potential of molecularly targeted NPs as a promising new class of radiosensitizers.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)-Releasing Hormone: Effects on Induction of LH, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Prolactin Cell Differentiation

We investigated the influence of LHRH on the differentiation of gonadotrophs and lactotrophs in fetal pituitary glands transplanted beneath the renal capsules of adult hypophysectomized- orchidectomized hamsters (hosts). Hypophyses were removed from hamster fetuses at a gestational age of 14 days. Some of these were immediately fixed in Bouin’s solution, and others were transplanted into the hosts. The hosts were injected sc twice daily with 1 μg LHRH or vehicle for 16 days. Six hosts in each group were killed by decapitation 16 h after the last injection. Six 14-day-old normal male hamsters (agematched to correspond to the age of the allografts at the time of the hosts' decapitation) also were decapitated. Sections of hypophyses in situ from fetal hamsters, from 14-day-old controls, and from allografts in each group were stained for LH, FSH, or PRL and with hematoxylin. No PRL-containing cells and very few LH or FSH cells (<0.025% of the adenohypophysial cell population) were observed in fetal pituitary ...
How Can Heart Failure Patients and Their Partners Be Counseled on Sexual Activity

Sexual intimacy is part of a healthy relationship and is often reflected in overall quality of life and satisfaction. There are many psychological, physical, and medical components that influence sexual activity in heart failure (HF), and patients and partners alike often have sexual concerns and misconceptions. This article addresses what is known about sexual concerns and sexual dysfunction from a variety of perspectives, and provides guidance for health care providers on the essential elements of sexual counseling for those with HF.
Observed Versus Estimated IQ as an Index of Malingering in Traumatic Brain Injury: Classification Accuracy in Known Groups

This study examined the classification accuracy of observed WAIS-III VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ minus Barona-estimate differential scores in the detection of Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction (MND) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) using a known-groups design. Two hundred eleven TBI patients were assigned to one of three groups: Not-MND (n = 87), Indeterminate (n = 68), and MND (n = 56). A General Clinical Sample of 93 no-incentive patients (e.g., CVA, memory disorder) was also included to better study specificity. The VIQ differential accurately differentiated MND from Not-MND TBI patients regardless of injury severity. The PIQ differential was only accurate in mild TBI and did not add incremental validity to the VIQ differential. This study indicates that VIQ declines of greater than 24 points are rare except in very severe TBI. Particularly in mild TBI, such differentials likely indicate intentional suppression of WAIS-III performance consistent with MND. Clinical application is discussed.
Intermittency in nonisothermal CSTR

Resultat d'une simulation d'un reacteur parfaitement agite non isotherme soumis a des perturbations sinusoidales du debit d'alimentation et de la temperature
Familial risk ratios for extreme obesity : implications for mapping human obesity genes

OBJECTIVE: To determine familial risk ratios for extreme obesity to aid in the design of obesity linkage studies. DESIGN: Family study of obesity SUBJECTS: 2349 first-degree relatives (parents and siblings) of 840 probands who are members of the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) and 5851 participants of the first phase of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. METHODS: Computed age‐gender standardized risk ratios (SRRs) for obesity in relatives categorized by the level of obesity in the index case (proband). MEASUREMENT: Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 ) RESULTS: The risk of extreme obesity (BMI 40) in relatives of extremely obese women (BMI 40) was more than five times greater than in the population; furthermore, the risk of obesity in relatives was approximately linearly associated with the degree of obesity in the proband. The risk of thinness in relatives of obese individuals was substantially lower than in the general population. CONCLUSION: Because the familial risk ratio for extreme obesity is higher than for moderate levels of obesity, the number of families required to achieve adequate statistical power in gene mapping studies of obesity can be reduced substantially by focusing on family members of extremely obese individuals (BMI 40).
Investment Performance of U.S.-Based Multinational Companies: Comments and a Perspective on International Diversification of Real Assets: A Reply

In a comment [2] on our recent article [1] dealing with the stock market performance of a sample of U.S.-based multinational firms, the author reviews some interesting conceptual and empirical issues regarding the benefits of international diversification of real assets. While the author agrees generally with our findings, he contends that our results may somewhat understate the benefits of international diversification. He adds further that there exists enough evidence to suggest that investors do recognize the benefits of international diversification through investing in multinational firms.
Biased Questions in Judgment of Covariation Studies

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the phrasing of a question about the relationship between two events can influence what information subjects feel they, need to answer the question. Subjects were presented with one of two covariation problems and w ere asked a question that explicitly mentioned one type of instance or a second type of instance, or an unbiased question that mentioned all,four relevant types of instances. As predicted, subjects who were asked a biased question most often requested the frequency of instances mentioned in the question. Subjects who were asked an unbiased question most frequently requested positive confirming instances and requested significantly more information to answer the question. The relationship of this study to other studies demonstrating confirmatory hypothesis-testing strategies and implications for conducting research on intuitive judgments about relationships between events are discussed.
Where Feminist Theory Meets Feminist Practice: Border-Crossing in a Transnational Academic Feminist Organization:

This paper focuses on our four years of involvement with a feminist organization within academia that brought `Third World' women activists from a variety of fields as visitors to our US university campus. Based on our experiences as white, US-born feminist sociologists committed to political change, we analyze the challenges and contradictions that we confronted in the daily processes and activities of this organization. By exemplifying complex power dynamics, which often are unacknowledged and unarticulated, our case highlights the need for new theoretical perspectives that take into account power differences that exist along various axes - including axes of domination among women. Transnational processes, we argue, further complicate such power differentials. Serious analyses of the processes and outcomes that are recreated in transnational, international and local feminist development organizations constitute an important political step towards bridging existing gaps between feminist theory and practice.
Interpretation of soil nitrite-ammonium ratios with possible application to pedogeochemical exploration for platinum mineralization

Abstract The nitrogenous compounds ammonia, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and diatomic nitrogen play important roles in the geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the near-surface environment. Ammonia or ammonium (ammine species), depending on the pH, is the stable reduced species, nitrate is the stable oxidized species, and nitrite is a metastable intermediate species. Nitrogen is considered unimportant in the present context because of the impracticality of attempting to detect subtle variations in diatomic nitrogen abundances in Earth's highly nitrogenous atmosphere. Platinum is known to be an effective catalyst of the ammine-nitrite oxidation step. It is shown in laboratory experiments, and field studies involving rocks and soil that the nitrite-ammonium ratio is higher in the presence of Pt than in its absence. In addition, Pd also catalyses this oxidation reaction, but only one-fourth as effectively as Pt. Ammonium and nitrite are significantly more mobile in the weathering environment than are the platinoid elements, suggesting that the nitrite-ammonium ratio my have some value as a pathfinder for platinum group element (PGE) mineralization. Soils collected across a platiniferous vein at Crescent Peak, Clark County, Nevada, serve to illustrate the potential of this technique. Copper, Zn, and Au in soils indicate the presence of mineralized bedrock. Platinum and Pd values are quite low, but the high nitrite to ammonium ratio above the mineralized zone suggests the presence of platinoid elements in underlying bedrock. Background nitrite-ammonium ratios do not exceed 0.6, whereas soils above the PGE-bearing rock have values greater than 6.0. Preliminary bedrock data from the Stillwater Intrusive, Montana, indicate nitrite-ammonium ratios in unmineralized anorthosite and mineralized J-M Reef similar to those of barren and mineralized soils, respectively, at Crescent Peak. This result not only supports the Crescent Peak findings but suggests the possibility of applying this methodology to lithogeochemical exploration.
Immune suppression by cultured lymphocyte supernates of tumor-bearing hosts.

A nonspecific immunosuppressive factor produced by lymphocytes of tumor-bearing hosts has been demonstrated. A modified Jerne plaque technique was used to quantify IgM antibody production of sheep erythrocyte-immune Swiss mouse lymphocytes (IL). Significant suppression of IgM antibody production was found when IL were treated with cultured lymphocyte supernates of 4198 fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. The suppressive activity was found to be significant six days prior to any visible tumor development, and, through the use of glass and nylon wool columns, appears to be produced by T cells. Similar immunosuppressive activity was found in 22 cancer patients tested as above, compared either to 16 patients who previously had had solid tumors but are now without clinical disease or to 19 normal controls.
Local anesthetic induced changes of a membrane-bound fluorochrome A link between ion uptake and membrane structure.

Calcium uptake by mitochondria represents their most rapid and effective energy-linked function. Cytochrome b responds to calcium addition in 20 msec [ 11; calcium-stimulated respiration exceeds the rate of ADP-stimulated respiration and causes a maximum rate of external hydrogen ion ejection [2,3] and in the absence of a permeant anion, a maximal membrane alkalinization [4]. The affinity of mitochondria for calcium is remarkably high; external calcium concentrations in equilibrium with the endogenous calcium of rat liver mitochondria are of the order of lo-* M, as detected with the calcium indicator, aequorin [ 11. Thus, extremely high inside/outside calcium concentration ratios are possible. The response of the membrane bound pH indicator, bromothymol blue [4], to calcium accumulation in the absence of a permeant anion is greatly stimulated by relatively low concentrations of a local anesthetic, butacaine. The rate of calcium uptake, as reported by the indicator, murexide, has been shown to be enhanced several-fold by butacaine [5,1]. A striking effect of butacaine on the mitochondrial membrane is revealed by a membrane-bound fluorochrome, 8-aniline-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, ANS, which is insensitive to pH and to oxidation-reduction changes, but shows a sensitive response to changes in the state of the membrane [6,7]. The properties of the membrane-bound fluorochrome and the effects of butaCaine and calcium upon the kinetics and stoichiometry of the ANS reaction are described. 2. Materials and methods
Noninteracting multiparticle quantum random walks applied to the graph isomorphism problem for strongly regular graphs

We investigate the quantum dynamics of particles on graphs (“quantum random walks”), with the aim of developing quantum algorithms for determining if two graphs are isomorphic (related to each other by a relabeling of vertices). We focus on quantum random walks of multiple noninteracting particles on strongly regular graphs (SRGs), a class of graphs with high symmetry that is known to have pairs of graphs that are hard to distinguish. Previous work has already demonstrated analytically that two-particle noninteracting quantum walks cannot distinguish nonisomorphic SRGs of the same family. Here, we demonstrate numerically that three-particle noninteracting quantum walks have significant, but not universal, distinguishing power for pairs of SRGs, proving a fundamental difference between the distinguishing power of two-particle and three-particle noninteracting walks. We show analytically why this distinguishing power is possible, whereas it is forbidden for two-particle noninteracting walks. Based on sampling of SRGs with up to 64 vertices, we find no difference in the distinguishing power of bosonic and fermionic walks. In addition, we find that the four-fermion noninteracting walk has greater distinguishing power than the three-particle walk on SRGs, showing that increasing the particle number increases the distinguishing power. However, we also show analytically that no noninteracting walk with a fixed number of particles can distinguish all SRGs, thus demonstrating a potential fundamental difference in the distinguishing power of interacting versus noninteracting walks.
Fundraising, celebrations and classroom rewards are substantial sources of unhealthy foods and beverages on public school campuses

Objective: The emphasis in school nutrition policy has been on vending and competitive items. Our study was designed to characterize and quantify the amount and source of other foods and beverages on school campuses. Design: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a specially designed objective nutrition observation system. Setting: One low-income school district in southern California with six elementary and two middle schools. Subjects: Data were not collected from individual children. A total of 4033 students, 42% of whom were Hispanic/Latino, 26% African American and 21% non-Hispanic white, were observed across school settings. Results: Data were collected continuously from 9 January 2008 to 16 June 2010. Healthy foods had, per serving, total energy #732kJ (#175 kcal), total fat content #35%, total saturated fat #10%, sugar less #15g, sodium ,200mg and trans-fat #0?5g. Healthy beverages were only 100% juice or water, and unflavoured non-fat, 1%, 2% milk and soya or rice milk. The system had high inter-rater reliability (r 50?78 to 0?99), percentage agreement (83% to 100%) and test‐retest reliability (r 50?81 to 0?98). Significantly more unhealthy foods and beverages than healthy items were observed on all campuses (P ,0?001). An average of 1?26 (SD 0?46) items per student per week was found with an average of 0?86 (SD 0?34) unhealthy items per child per week. Conclusions: There were substantial amounts of unhealthy foods and beverages brought onto campuses for classroom rewards, celebrations and fundraising that should be targeted for intervention.
Enzymes catalyzing the de novo synthesis of methyl groups in the brain and other tissues of the rat.

—Rat brain contains all three of the enzymes required for de novo synthesis of the methyl group of methionine (serine transhydroxymethylase, methylene reductase, and [B12]transmethylase) in activities comparable to those found in liver and kidney. The activities of methylene reductase in female kidney, and of [B12]transmethylase in female brain and kidney, are higher than in the corresponding male tissues. Liver and kidney extracts contain an inhibitor of methylene reductase not present in brain extracts. This inhibitor differs from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which also inhibits methylene reductase in both liver and brain homogenates. The administration of l-DOPA to rats, which has been previously shown to deplete brain S-adenosylmethionine, also reduces the activity of brain [B12]transmethylase if assayed without added SAM. Since SAM is required for activity of this enzyme, its decreased activity probably results from the decline in brain SAM concentration. De now synthesis of methyl groups could be a mechanism by which the brain maintains its level of methionine in the face of increased methyl group utilization after administration of l-DOPA.
Detector considerations at high luminosity hadron colliders

Abstract Proposed high-luminosity pp colliders pose major challenges to detector rate capabilities, reliability engineering and radiation tolerance. Typical experiments are surveyed and the detector development needs assessed. The radiation environment in 4π detectors will be unique, dominated by the radiation from the primary beam-beam collisions plus neutrons from secondary interactions. Neutron measurements are presented for hadronic cascades in iron.
Brief Report: An Examination of the Relationships between Parental Monitoring, Self-Esteem and Delinquency among Mexican American Male Adolescents.

The present study examined relationships between parental monitoring (mother and father), self-esteem, and delinquency among 95 adjudicated Mexican American male adolescents who were on probationary status with the juvenile justice system. Consistent with previous literature pertaining to familial processes and delinquency among the general adolescent population, findings from the current study revealed that parental monitoring was negatively associated with delinquency. In addition, self-esteem was shown to be positively correlated with delinquency. These results highlight the generalizability of previous research related to familial, emotional, and behavioral processes among Mexican American male adolescents.
Hostile masculinity, sexual aggresion, and gender-biased domineeringness in conversations

This study assessed the ability of certain variables to predict which men would be more domineering in conversations with a woman and/or with a man. The variables included men's self-reported sexually aggressive behavior and several components comprising a personality profile labeled “Hostile Masculinity.” As expected, these variables successfully predicted domineering behavior toward the female but not toward the male. These findings supported theories hypothesizing that men's desire to control women and men's antisocial behavior toward them are due to specific rather than to general factors (i. e., evolutionary and feminist theorizing). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Pre-Kernel Agent Platform for security assurance

Without the security assurance from the underlining operating system, software agents and agencies are constantly under security threats through the operating system. Although the security issues between software agents and agencies have been studied intensively, any formulated counter-measurement of these issues are subject to attacks that are able to exploit the vulnerabilities of the operating system kernel (OS kernel). To protect agents and agencies against such risks, we proposed a novel approach that isolates the OS kernel and limit modifications to the agency system in the physical memory space. Our approach utilizes a hypervisor to create a virtualized environment for the operating system. The agency is then loaded into physical memory and injected into the operating system of the host without any interactions from the OS kernel. All memory access requests are monitored and managed by our approach to prevent unauthorized modification from the OS kernel and maintain the integrity of the agency system. Furthermore, any agent migrated to the host can be encrypted by our approach to prevent any alterations from the OS kernel. The encryption key is safely shared between the agency system and the hypervisor by utilizing part of the memory space of the agency as a communication interface. Consequently, our approach is able to limit the security threats that exploit the vulnerability of the operating system to the agency systems as well as ensure the integrity of both agents and agencies. This study describes the formulation and implementation of the proposed platform that can securely deploy agent agent systems to the host and effectively control access to host devices.
Signal Transduction, Gene Transcription, and Cytokine Production Triggered in Macrophages by Exposure to Trypanosome DNA

Activation of a type I cytokine response is important for early resistance to infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, the extracellular protozoan parasite that causes African sleeping sickness. The work presented here demonstrates that trypanosome DNA activates macrophages to produce factors that may contribute to this response. Initial results demonstrated that T. brucei rhodesiense DNA was present in the plasma of C57BL/6 and C57BL/6-scid mice following infection. Subsequently, the effect of trypanosome DNA on macrophages was investigated; parasite DNA was found to be less stimulatory than Escherichia coli DNA but more stimulatory than murine DNA, as predicted by the CG dinucleotide content. Trypanosome DNA stimulated the induction of a signal transduction cascade associated with Toll-like receptor signaling in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The signaling cascade led to expression of mRNAs, including interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40, IL-6, IL-10, cyclooxygenase-2, and beta interferon. The treatment of RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages with trypanosome DNA induced the production of NO, prostaglandin E2, and the cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In all cases, DNase I treatment of T. brucei rhodesisense DNA abolished the activation. These results suggest that T. brucei rhodesiense DNA serves as a ligand for innate immune cells and may play an important contributory role in early stimulation of the host immune response during trypanosomiasis.
DOF: a local wireless information plane

The ability to detect what unlicensed radios are operating in a neigh borhood, their spectrum occupancies and the spatial directions their signals are traversing is a fundamental primitive needed by many applications, ranging from smart radios to coexistence to network management to security. In this paper we present DOF, a detector that in a single framework accurately estimates all three parameters. DOF builds on the insight that in most wireless protocols, there are hidden repeating patterns in the signals that can be used to construct unique signatures, and accurately estimate signal types and their spectral and spatial parameters. We show via experimental evaluation in an indoor testbed that DOF is robust and accurate, it achieves greater than 85% accuracy even when the SNRs of the detected signals are as low as 0 dB, and even when there are multiple interfering signals present. To demonstrate the benefits of DOF, we design and implement a preliminary prototype of a smart radio that operates on top of DOF, and show experimentally that it provides a 80% increase in throughput over Jello, the best known prior implementation, while causing less than 10% performance drop for co-existing WiFi and Zigbee radios.
El costumbrismo romántico de Enrique Gil y Carrasco

Hace unos anos, Jose Escobar se preguntaba si el termino ‘costumbrismo romantico’ no indicaria una contradiccion conceptual insalvable. Gracias en buena parte a sus propios esfuerzos, habia llegado...
Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in human apolipoprotein B transgenic mice. Effects on lipoproteins and atherosclerosis.

The effects of diabetes and lipoprotein lipase (LpL) on plasma lipids were studied in mice expressing hu- man apolipoprotein B (HuBTg). Our overall objective was to produce a diabetic mouse model in which the sole effects of blood glucose elevation on atherosclerosis could be as- sessed. Mice were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injec- tion of streptozotocin, which led to a 2- to 2.5-fold increase in plasma glucose. Lipids were assessed in mice on chow and on an atherogenic Western type diet (WTD), consisting of 21% (wt/wt) fat and 0.15% (wt/wt) cholesterol. Plasma tri- glyceride and cholesterol were the same in diabetic and non- diabetic mice on the chow diet. On the WTD, male diabetic HuBTg mice had a . 50% increase in plasma cholesterol and more very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride as assessed by FPLC analysis. A Triton study showed no increase in triglyceride or apolipoprotein B pro- duction, suggesting that the accumulation of VLDL was due to a decrease in lipoprotein clearance. Surprisingly, the VLDL increase in these mice was not due to a decrease in LpL activity in postheparin plasma. To test whether LpL overexpression would alter these diabetes-induced lipopro- tein changes, HuBTg mice were crossed with mice express- ing human LpL in muscle. LpL overexpression reduced plasma triglyceride, but not cholesterol, in male mice on WTD. Aortic root atherosclerosis assessed in 32-week-old mice on the WTD was not greater in diabetic mice. In sum- mary, diabetes primarily increased plasma VLDL in HuBTg mice. LpL activity was not decreased in these animals. How- ever, additional LpL expression eliminated the diabetic lipoprotein changes. These mice did not have more athero- sclerosis with diabetes. —Kako, Y., L-S. Huang, J. Yang, T. Katopodis, R. Ramakrishnan, and I. J. Goldberg. Streptozo- tocin-induced diabetes in human apolipoprotein B trans- genic mice: effects on lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 2185-2194.
Heuristic evaluation of paper-based Web pages: a simplified inspection usability methodology

Online medical information, when presented to clinicians, must be well-organized and intuitive to use, so that the clinicians can conduct their daily work efficiently and without error. It is essential to actively seek to produce good user interfaces that are acceptable to the user. This paper describes the methodology used to develop a simplified heuristic evaluation (HE) suitable for the evaluation of screen shots of Web pages, the development of an HE instrument used to conduct the evaluation, and the results of the evaluation of the aforementioned screen shots. In addition, this paper presents examples of the process of categorizing problems identified by the HE and the technological solutions identified to resolve these problems. Four usability experts reviewed 18 paper-based screen shots and made a total of 108 comments. Each expert completed the task in about an hour. We were able to implement solutions to approximately 70% of the violations. Our study found that a heuristic evaluation using paper-based screen shots of a user interface was expeditious, inexpensive, and straightforward to implement.
Areas of shallow water in the North Atlantic

We report here estimates of the areas of water that are between 1 and 100 m and between 1 and 200 m deep in the North Atlantic, including the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, Hudson Bay and the North Sea, but excluding estuaries. The total areas within these depths, from the equator to 70° N, are 3.91 × 106 km and 5.66 × 106 km2, respectively. We also report the respective areas by selected geographic regions.
Data windows: a data-centric approach for query execution in memory-resident databases

Structured embedded databases are currently becoming an integrated part of embedded systems, thus, enabling higher standards in system automation. These embedded databases are typically memory resident. In this paper, we present a data-centric approach called data windowing that optimizes multiple queries issued to an embedded database. Traditional approaches improve the performance by optimizing the control flow of operations, whereas we target performance improvements based on the data that is brought into the system.
Intragastric acidification reduces the occurrence of false-negative urea breath test results in patients taking a proton pump inhibitor

UBT-3 (677 6 514) was greater than for UBT-2 (234 6 327, p 5 0.001). UBT-3 caused only two (10%) FN and three (15%) equivocal results. The 15-min breath sample caused fewer FN and equivocal results than the 10-min sample for both UBT-2 and UBT-3. CONCLUSIONS: Giving citrate before and at the time of 14 C-urea administration increases mean breath 14 CO2 excretion and decreases FN and equivocal UBT results in patients taking a PPI. These observations suggest that it may be possible to design a UBT protocol that will remain accurate in the face of PPI therapy. (Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96: 1028 ‐1032. © 2001 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology)
Who suffers from indoor air pollution? Evidence from Bangladesh

In this paper the authors investigate individuals' exposure to indoor air pollution. Using new survey data from Bangladesh, they analyze exposure at two levels-differences within households attributable to family roles, and differences across households attributable to income and education. Within households, they relate individuals' exposure to pollution in different locations during their daily round of activity. The authors find high levels of exposure for children and adolescents of both sexes, with particularly serious exposure for children under 5. Among prime-age adults, they find that men have half the exposure of women (whose exposure is similar to that of children and adolescents). They also find that elderly men have significantly lower exposure than elderly women. Across households, they draw on results from their previous paper (Dasgupta et al, 2004), which relate pollution variation across households to choices of cooking fuel, cooking locations, construction materials, and ventilation practices. They find that these choices are significantly affected by family income and adult education levels (particularly for women). Overall, the authors find that the poorest, least-educated households have twice the pollution levels of relatively high-income households with highly-educated adults. For children in a typical household, pollution exposure can be halved by adopting two simple measures-increasing their outdoor time from 3 to 5 or 6 hours a day, and concentrating outdoor time during peak cooking periods. The authors recognize that weather and other factors may intervene occasionally, and that child supervision outdoors may be difficult for some households. However, the potential benefits are so great that neighbors might well agree to pool outdoor supervision once they became aware of the implications for their children's health.
Elimination of Feshbach loss in a Bose–Einstein condensate

We suggest a technique to eliminate inelastic losses in an atomic condensate when tuned close to a Feshbach resonance. The key idea is to couple the quasi-bound molecular state to a bound molecular state with an electromagnetic field. Such coupling forces the population of the Feshbach state to zero, thereby eliminating all of the losses associated with this state.