cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability in the feeding practices and styles of low-income mothers: questionnaire and observational analyses

During the last two decades, researchers have devoted considerable attention to the role of maternal feeding behaviors, practices, and styles in the development of obesity in young children. Little is known, however, about the consistency of maternal feeding across settings and time. The purpose of this paper was to provide data on this issue by examining the consistency of observed maternal feeding behavior across multiple eating occasions, as well as examine the consistency of observed and self-reported maternal feeding behavior across 18 months. Videotapes from two studies of low-income mothers and their preschool children were coded for feeding practices, dimensions, and styles: a study of 137 low-income, African American and Latina mothers and their children observed during three meals in their homes over a two to three week period, and a study of 138 low-income, Latina mothers observed during a buffet meal in a laboratory setting on two separate occasions 18 months apart. Videotapes from both studies were coded for a wide range of maternal feeding behaviors and strategies. Mothers in the second study also completed three validated, self-report questionnaires on their feeding practices and styles. Overall, both observed and self-reported feeding practices and styles showed only moderate levels of stability across meals and over time. Maternal attempts to regulate children’s eating showed more stability across meals and over time than the content of general mealtime conversation. Also, greater stability was found in what mothers were trying to get their children to do during the meals than in the strategies they used to influence child behavior. Self-reports of feeding showed greater stability over time than observational measures. Across meals and across 18 months, the stability of general feeding styles was between 40% and 50%. The findings demonstrate that maternal feeding behavior was only moderately stable across meals and over time—that is, feeding behavior varied considerably across situations. The lack of high levels of consistency in feeding behavior suggests that situational factors may play a major role in influencing maternal behavior as well. Family-focused childhood obesity programs should focus not only on helping parents change their feeding practices and styles, but also focus on increasing parents’ sensitivity to situational factors that affect their approach to feeding their children.
Low transurethral incision of single system intravesical ureteroceles in children.

AbstractSingle system intravesical ureteroceles in children usually result in various degrees of hydroureteronephrosis requiring surgical intervention to provide drainage, decompression and preservation of renal function. Our experience with 7 symptomatic single system ureteroceles in 5 children managed by low transverse endoscopic ureterocele incision is reviewed. After endoscopic incision, hydroureteronephrosis decreased in all patients. Vesicoureteral reflux after incision was noted in only 1 kidney. The technique of short (2 to 3mm.) low transverse ureterocele incision is recommended for the initial management of single system ureteroceles to relieve obstruction. Preservation of the flap valve ureteral antireflux mechanism is possible in most children. The technique is simply performed, can be safely done in the youngest child and, in many, obviates the need for a further operation.
Biochemical Genetics and Adaptation in Molluscs

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses biochemical genetics and adaptation in mollusks. The long-term (that is, evolutionary) response of organisms to environmental changes is a genetic response, involving a change in the genetic determinants of catalysis and regulation. It is somewhat paradoxical that biochemical and physiological differences among species are traditionally held to have evolved in a manner not unlike morphological differences; however, virtually no attention has been given to the possibility that physiological differences occur within species populations. If there were no genetic diversity within populations, all physiological variation would be due solely to the environment and genetic importance could only be ascribed to the limits of environmentally determined physiological plasticity. Many enzymes are ubiquitously polymorphic in natural populations of virtually all organisms. The biochemical action of aminopeptidase-I demonstrates a metabolic function in the latter stages of protein degradation. This is confirmed by both cytochemical and immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme to the intestine and stomach epithelia, digestive gland duct epithelium (inhalant), and digestive tubule epithelium. Studies that successfully relate the biochemical properties of enzyme polymorphism to adaptation have done so because they have investigated and demonstrated physiological consequences of the biochemical diversity.
Formyl peptide chemotactic receptors of leukocytes and macrophages.

Publisher Summary Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and macrophages play a central role in host defence against invading microorganisms. However, the killing mechanisms employed by these motile cells are effective over short distances and require intimate cell-microorganism contact. A mechanism for ensuring efficient accumulation of phagocytic cells at a focus of bacterial invasion is necessary. Chemotaxis, directed cell migration in response to a concentration gradient of a chemical mediator produced by the target microorganisms or the local immune response, provides the necessary mechanism. Synthetic formyl peptides are analogous to natural bacterial peptides, which induce leukocyte and macrophage chemotaxis and act by binding to the same cell surface receptor. The ability of synthetic peptides to cause cell deactivation, whereas the bacterial factor does not, may be explained by the relatively low concentration of the bacterial factor used to attempt deactivation or by the presence of other factors in the bacterial supernatant, which might modify the cellular response.
Support structure and reduction treatment effects on CO oxidation of SiO2 nanospheres and CeO2 nanorods supported ruthenium catalysts.

The effects of support structure and reducibility, oxidation and reduction treatment and ruthenium loading amount were studied in SiO2 nanospheres and CeO2 nanorods supported ruthenium catalysts on CO oxidation. 0.4, 1.0 and 5.0 wt% Ru were impregnated on SiO2 nanospheres and CeO2 nanorods using precipitation method and then the samples were oxidized in air. Half of the oxidized samples were also further reduced under hydrogen atmosphere to compare the effect of reduction treatment on the catalytic activity. Detailed XRD, Raman, TEM, H2-TPR, and CO oxidation analyses were carried out to understand the effects of RuOx-support interaction, oxidation and reduction treatment and ruthenium loading amount on the catalytic performance. Compared to SiO2 nanospheres supported ruthenium catalysts, both the oxidized and reduced RuOx/CeO2 catalysts exhibited superior catalytic performance in terms of CO conversion and low-temperature hydrogen consumption. After the reduction treatment in H2, the RuOx/CeO2 catalysts is further activated for low-temperature CO conversion. Especially, the 5.0 wt% Ru/CeO2-reduction sample can achieve ∼9% CO conversion at near room temperature. The enhanced low-temperature activity of CeO2 nanorods supported ruthenium catalysts was correlated strongly to the surface defects on CeO2 nanorods, dispersion of RuOx, and interfacial structures between CeO2 and RuOx.
Grid Impact Studies from Dynamic Wireless Charging in Smart Automated Highways

Autonomous and electrified mobility are two key developments expected in the next decade to improve the efficiency and reduce carbon footprint of transportation. As electric vehicles (EVs) increase on the roads, one of the issues that needs to be addressed is range anxiety. To mitigate this problem and for seamless integration of EVs, dynamic wireless charging is an attractive solution. In this paper, a few case studies are considered in a smart autonomous highway to understand the impact of dynamic wireless charging on grid dynamics. The studies show that the grid voltages vary significantly due to the dynamic wireless power transfers (DWPTs), if connected to the existing grid. The variations in the grid voltage can reduce power transfers, increase grid instability, and cause inadvertent protection triggers. The inadvertent protection triggers can reduce the reliability of the connected grid. These problems highlight the need for modern grid infrastructure to support DWPT systems.
Achieving Meaningful Privacy in Digital Systems

Across a range of subfields, computer scientists and engineers have responded to society's call to safeguard privacy through technology, yielding scientific progress and impressive innovation. As the fields of privacy science and engineering mature, however, it's worth taking a moment to ask what ideas of privacy explicitly or implicitly underlie this work and whether they are meaningful, that is to say, whether they map onto ideas of privacy that provoked societal concerns, in the first place. If not, it is unclear, at best, what ends these scientific efforts are actually serving. In my lecture, I argue that privacy as Contextual Integrity (CI) is meaningful in this sense - philosophically sound while being accessible to formal representation. As such, CI could serve as a much-needed a bridge between technical approaches and ethical and policy approaches. I will identify promising directions for future work based on interesting technical applications of CI that have already emerged.
A Compact Room-Temperature 510–560 GHz Frequency Tripler with 30-mW Output Power

We report on a compact high-power 510–560 GHz GaAs Schottky diode based frequency tripler with enhanced power handling capabilities, showing a world-record measured peak power of 30 mW, at room-temperature, when pumped with 350–400 m W. This corresponds to a ten times better performance than previously reported sources in this frequency range. The increase in power handling capabilities is achieved by using an improved epitaxial structure together with an on -chip power combined topology that allows to combine several multiplying structures onto a single chip. The chip also exhibits a state-of-the-art conversion efficiency of 8-9% without any correction for the losses in fixtures/transitions used for the tests.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a cluster of health risk factors where the proximal cause(s) include abnormal insulin signaling and dysfunctional adipose fuel metabolism. There is strong evidence that cardiorespiratory fitness interacts directly with MS expression such that low cardiorespiratory fitness itself has been proposed as a novel component of MS. Lifestyle measures that promote physical fitness can prevent the debut of MS and can reverse the presence of an established MS. Moreover, amelioration of the severity of MS components can be positively impacted by enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness. Although aerobic exercise appears to be the most salutary physical activity impacting dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure, resistance training can also impact MS components such as blood pressure. More recent forms of exercise training such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT) seem to further modulate the severity of MS. Nevertheless, awareness of the emerging importance of mitigating sedentary inactivity as a complementary approach to fitness in dealing with MS should be recognized.
From the Reference Desk to the Jail House

This article provides guidance and suggestion for librarians to use in attempting to define and avoid the line between legal reference and legal advice. It outlines the dangers that all information professionals face when providing legal information. The main dangers are crossing the line over to legal advice and violating statutory and case law prohibitions against the unauthorized practice of law and incurring potential malpractice liability.
Carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and carbonate ions in aqueous solutions under deep Earth conditions

We investigate the effect of pressure, temperature and acidity on the composition of water-rich carbon-bearing fluids under thermodynamic conditions that correspond to the Earth's deep crust and upper mantle. Our first-principles molecular dynamics simulations provide mechanistic insight into the hydration shell of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, and into the pathways of the acid/base reactions that convert these carbon species into one another in aqueous solutions. At temperatures of 1000 K and higher, our simulations can sample the chemical equilibrium of these acid/base reactions, thus allowing us to estimate the chemical composition of diluted carbon dioxide and (bi)carbonate ions as a function of acidity and thermodynamic conditions. We find that, especially at the highest temperature, the acidity of the solution is essential to determine the stability domain of CO2vs. HCO3-vs. CO32-.
The Outside-In, Percutaneous Release of the Medial Collateral Ligament for Knee Arthroscopy

The outside-in, percutaneous release of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is a technique used to increase the medial tibiofemoral joint space during arthroscopy to facilitate the use of instrumentation and improve visualization without causing iatrogenic cartilage damage. A recent systematic review of the literature has shown this technique to be efficacious and safe, with no evidence of associated short- or long-term complications. This technique has been used for this indication by the senior author without requiring any deviation from our institution's standard protocol for knee arthroscopy. In an attempt to standardize this technique's utilization and allow for further evaluation in the literature, the senior author's method for this percutaneous, outside-in approach of "pie crusting" the MCL is described.
The Impact of Exclusive Use of Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes on Compensatory Smoking: An Inpatient Crossover Clinical Trial.

Background: The FDA is considering a mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes. Clinical trials have been limited by non-study cigarette use (noncompliance), which could mask compensation. The goal of this study was to assess whether compensation occurs when smokers provided with very low nicotine cigarettes cannot access normal nicotine cigarettes. Methods: In a within-subjects, crossover design, current smokers (n = 16) were confined to a hotel for two 4-night hotel stays during which they were only able to access the research cigarettes provided. The hotel stays offered normal nicotine cigarettes or very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes, in an unblinded design, available for “purchase” via a study bank. Results: In the context of complete compliance with the study cigarettes (n = 16), there was not a significant increase during the VLNC condition for cigarettes smoked per day, expired carbon monoxide, or N-acetyl-S-(cyanoethyl)-l-cysteine (cyanoethyl-MA, metabolite of acrylonitrile). There was a significant nicotine × time interaction on urine N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-l-cysteine (hydroxypropyl-MA, metabolite of acrolein), driven by an increase in the VLNC condition during the first 24 hours. By the end of the VLNC condition, there was no evidence of compensation across any measure of smoking or smoke exposure. Conclusions: Among current smokers who exclusively used VLNC cigarettes for 4 days, there was no significant compensatory smoking behavior. Impact: These data, combined with the larger body of work, suggest that a mandated reduction in nicotine content is unlikely to result in an increase in smoking behavior to obtain more nicotine.
Alarming the impacts of the organic and inorganic UV blockers on endangered coral's species in the Persian Gulf: A scientific concern for coral protection

Abstract Coral reefs provide many benefits to the society, including ecological nest for aquatic species, medicine ingredient, and protection of coastlines from flooding and storms. Organic and inorganic UV filters (UVfs) are key ingredients in a variety of sunscreen and personal care products, which are massively released to natural waters by marine tourism. Reports are alarming UVfs cause fast bleaching of coral reefs in the Persian Gulf at a tiny concentration (less than 10 µl L−1). Here, for the first time, the evidence pertaining to the impacts of UVfs on corals in the Persian Gulf is highlighted. Based on the existing field reports, laboratory experiments and increasing trend f tourism, corals of Kish Island in Iran are seriously threatened. Here, Kish is a study model that highlights the alarming impacts of UVfs on the endangered population of corals in all Gulf countries. This study found a positive relation between the number of visitors to the island and the bleaching rate of stony coral.
Sex-specific transgenerational plasticity II: Grandpaternal effects are lineage- and sex-specific in threespined sticklebacks

Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) occurs when the environment encountered by one generation (F0) alters the phenotypes of one or more future generations (e.g. F1 and F2). Sex selective TGP, via specific lineages or to only male or female descendants, has been underexplored in natural systems, and may be adaptive if it allows past generations to fine-tune the phenotypes of future generations in response to sex-specific life history strategies. We sought to understand if exposing males to predation risk can influence grandoffspring via sperm in threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We specifically tested the hypothesis that grandparental effects are transmitted in a sex-specific way down the male lineage, from paternal grandfathers to F2 males. We reared F1 offspring of unexposed and predator-exposed F0 males under 9control9 conditions and used them to generate F2s with control grandfathers, a predator-exposed maternal grandfather (i.e., predator-exposed F0 males to F1 daughters to F2 offspring), a predator-exposed paternal grandfather (i.e., predator-exposed F0 males to F1 sons to F2 offspring), or two predator-exposed grandfathers. We then assayed male and female F2s for a variety of traits related to antipredator defense. We found little evidence that transgenerational effects were mediated to only male descendants via the paternal lineage. Instead, grandpaternal effects depended on lineage and were mediated largely across sexes, from F1 males to F2 females and from F1 females to F2 males. When their paternal grandfather was exposed to predation risk, female F2s were heavier and showed a reduced change in behavior in response to a simulated predator attack relative to offspring of control, unexposed grandparents. In contrast, male F2s showed reduced antipredator behavior when their maternal grandfather was exposed to predation risk. However, these patterns were only evident when one grandfather, but not both grandfathers, was exposed to predation risk, suggesting the potential for non-additive interactions across lineages. If sex-specific and lineage effects are common, then grandparental effects are likely underestimated in the literature. These results draw attention to the importance of sex-selective inheritance of environmental effects and raise new questions about the proximate and ultimate causes of selective transmission across generations.
Roles of collisional dissociation modalities on spectral composition and isotope ratio measurement performance of the liquid sampling – atmospheric pressure glow discharge / orbitrap mass spectrometer coupling

Abstract Coupling of the liquid sampling – atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) ionization source with Orbitrap mass spectrometers has demonstrated tremendous success in regards to isotope ratio (IR) measurements. Isotope ratios from a wide variety of analytes have been measured, with a primary focus on the 235U/238U measurement, yielding IR measurement accuracy and precision that meets international targets. Orbitrap mass spectrometers are not commonly associated with either elemental analysis or isotope ratio measurements. Understanding sources of IR errors and imprecision which arise from both the LS-APGD ionization source and the Orbitrap system itself can assist with enhancing measurement figures of merit. Because a variety of solvent related species are generated in the LS-APGD, the preponderance of those species in the orbitrap analyzer affects the recoveries and IR qualities for target analytes. In this work, the effects of the collisional dissociation of solvent-related species are investigated as a source of variability in IR measurements. Additionally, the quadrupole band-pass filter used in the ThermoScientific Q Exactive Focus is investigated for its transmission properties along with the effects of the transmission window on IR accuracy and precision. With these considerations, updated IR measurements are presented for a few analytes, with measurement precision never exceeding 0.71% RSD, and going down to a level of 0.05% for diverse species. It is expected that these considerations will inform how IR measurements should be taken on this platform, with lessons that may be applicable to other instruments.
Le offerte iniziali e gli scambi di cripto-attività (Initial Offers and Exchanges of Crypto-Assets)

Italian Abstract: Commento a CONSOB - Il presente documento si pone l’obiettivo di avviare un dibattito a livello nazionale sul tema delle offerte iniziali e degli scambi di cripto-attivita, come di seguito illustrato in maggiore dettaglio, in connessione con la recente diffusione di operazioni cosiddette di initial coin offerings (ICOs) e, quindi, di crypto-asset nei quali investono i risparmiatori italiani. In attesa della definizione in ambito europeo di un condiviso orientamento circa la qualificazione giuridica dei crypto-asset e, in particolare, in merito alla loro riconduzione al novero dei valori mobiliari, la Consob e sensibile al tema in quanto autorita deputata alla tutela degli investitori, conformemente alle attribuzioni e ai poteri che le sono conferiti dalla legge. English Abstract: Comments to CONSOB (Italian Securities and Exchange Commission) in the frame of the Initial Coin Offering process. The final report regards the open consultation on Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) following the documento per la discussione (open guidelines) aimed to define ICOs for a better conceptual understanding and, at the same time, to think about future regulation for incoming ICOs (primary markets) offered to retail investors and ICO trading (secondary markets). The final report is an account of the responses to the consultation, including the current work.
Sustainable livelihood framework-based assessment of drought resilience patterns of rural households of Bakhtegan basin, Iran

Abstract Todays, climate change, along with its impact on people’s livelihood, is considered as one of the most important challenges facing human societies. Regarded as one of the most important and costly climatic phenomena, drought has severely and catastrophically affected housholds’ livelihood through economic and social damages mostly in arid environment. Accordingly, drought management is deemed as one of the most important priorities policymakers in agriculture worldwide. The present study sought to determine and measure the household livelihood resilience in the Bakhtegan basin by means of a sustainable livelihood approach. To this end, the household livelihood resilience index was calculated using household capitals. The findings illustrated that household livelihood resilience index 0.359 on average, indicating the low level of resilience among households in the study area. Thereafter, taking data mining technique in determining resilience patterns, four different resilience patterns beginning from lower average resilience in all dimensions than that of other ones. However, the second-pattern households are more resilient. Eventually, this contribution would provide a number of implications to policymakers and other stakeholders in terms of improving planning and applying appropriate risk management strategies towards improving the resilience of farmers’ households in the event of a natural disasters, especially a drought..
Influence of nutrient and weed management on weed dynamics and productivity of upland rice (Oryza sativa)

The field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at ICAR-CURRS-NRRI at Hazaribagh, Jharkhand. The experiment was conducted to evaluate precision nutrient management and weed management practices for achieving minimum weed menace and maximum crop productivity. Under precision nutrient management, Nutrient Expert ® guided NPK recorded lesser weed density (7.76, 8.07 and 8.62) at all three stages. Pendimethalin fb hand weeding resulted in comparatively lesser weed density (7.72, 7.29 and 7.34 at 25, 60 DAS and at harvest). Nutrient Expert ® guided NPK resulted in maximum grain yield (3.63 t/ha), followed by Leaf Colour Chart (LCC) guided N + Full P & K (3.41 t/ha), which was significantly higher over RDF. Among the weed management aspects, pendimethalin fb hand weeding and bispyribac-Na were observed with significantly higher grain yield (4.09 and 3.79 t/ha). Hence Nutrient Expert ® guided NPK and pendimethalin fb hand weeding can be recommended for better weed management and enhanced productivity.
A 1D-3D Hybrid Model of Patient-Specific Coronary Hemodynamics.

Coronary flow is affected by evolving events such as atherosclerotic plaque formation, rupture, and thrombosis, resulting in myocardial ischemia and infarction. Highly resolved 3D hemodynamic data at the stenosis is essential to model shear-sensitive thrombotic events in coronary artery disease. We developed a hybrid 1D–3D simulation framework to compute patient-specific coronary hemodynamics efficiently. A 1D model of the coronary flow is coupled to an image-based 3D model of the region of interest. This framework affords the advantages of reduced-order modeling, decreasing the global computational cost, without sacrificing the accuracy of the quantities of interest. We validated our 1D–3D model against full 3D coronary simulations in healthy and diseased conditions. Our results showed good agreement between the 3D and the 1D–3D models while reducing the computational cost by 40-fold compared to the 3D simulation. The 1D–3D model predicted left/right coronary flow distribution within 3% and provided an accurate estimation of fractional flow reserve and wall shear stress distribution at the stenosis comparable to the 3D simulation. Savings in computational cost may be significant in situations with changing geometry, such as growing thrombosis. Also, this approach would allow quantifying the time-dependent effect of thrombotic growth and occlusion on the global coronary circulation.
Self-consistent nonlocal feedback theory for electrocatalytic swimmers with heterogeneous surface chemical kinetics.

We present a self-consistent nonlocal feedback theory for the phoretic propulsion mechanisms of electrocatalytic micromotors or nanomotors. These swimmers, such as bimetallic platinum and gold rods catalyzing decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution, have received considerable theoretical attention. In contrast, the heterogeneous electrochemical processes with nonlocal feedback that are the actual ``engines'' of such motors are relatively neglected. We present a flexible approach to these processes using bias potential as a control parameter field and a locally-open-circuit reference state, carried through in detail for a spherical motor. While the phenomenological flavor makes meaningful contact with experiment easier, required inputs can also conceivably come from, e.g., Frumkin-Butler-Volmer kinetics. Previously obtained results are recovered in the weak-heterogeneity limit and improved small-basis approximations tailored to structural heterogeneity are presented. Under the assumption of weak inhomogeneity, a scaling form is deduced for motor speed as a function of fuel concentration and swimmer size. We argue that this form should be robust and demonstrate a good fit to experimental data.
The Role of the Social Agent in Language Acquisition: Implications for Language Intervention

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of the social agent in language acquisition. Language intervention programs for mentally retarded children may be classified according to whether they: (1) attempt to promote the development of cognitive processes that seem essential for the acquisition of language; (2) remediate social processes that are involved in language development; or (3) both develop cognitive processes and remediate social processes. The crucial issue in an analysis of the social processes associated with language development concerns whether language is innate or learned. The role that the social agent is perceived to play in language development depends partially upon what language is considered to be. The semantic approach is a radical departure from syntactic models of language acquisition with regard to the perceived role of nonlinguistic factors. A semantic-based grammar implies that cognitive development or the development of meaning systems is a prerequisite to linguistic development. Furthermore, to the extent that social agents are crucial to cognitive development, semantic-based theories of language development provide a rationale for expecting that social agents also play a significant role in language development.
An automated system for web portal personalization

This paper proposes a system for personalization of web portals. A specic implementation is discussed in reference to a web portal containing a news feed service. Techniques are proposed for effective categorization, management, and personalization of news feeds obtained from a live news wire service. The process consists of two steps: first manual input is required to build the domain knowledge which could be site-specific; then the automated component uses this domain knowledge in order to perform the personalization, categorization and presentation. Effective schemes for advertising are proposed, where the targeting is done using both the information about the user and the content of the web page on which the advertising icon appears. Automated techniques for identifying sudden variations in news patterns are described; these may be used for supporting news-alerts. A description of a version of this software for our customer web site is provided.
Impingement and stability of total hip arthroplasty versus femoral head resurfacing using a cadaveric robotics model.

We identified and compared the impingent-free range of motion (ROM) and subluxation potential for native hip, femoral head resurfacing (FHR), and total hip arthroplasty (THA). These constructs were also compared both with and without soft tissue to elucidate the role of the soft tissue. Five fresh-frozen bilateral hip specimens were mounted to a six-degree of freedom robotic manipulator. Under load-control parameters, in vivo mechanics were recreated to evaluate impingement free ROM, and the subluxation potential in two “at risk” positions for native hip, FHR, and THA. Impingement-free ROM of the skeletonized THA was greater than FHR for the anterior subluxation position. For skeletonized posterior subluxations, stability for THA and FHR constructs were similar, while a different pattern was observed for specimens with soft tissues intact. FHR constructs were more stable than THA constructs for both anterior and posterior subluxations. When the femoral neck is intact the joint has an earlier impingement profile placing the hip at risk for subluxation. However, FHR design was shown to be more stable than THA only when soft tissues were intact. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1108–1115, 2013
In defense of human consciousness

In Search of Grounding Shifting Grounds to the Logos The Concept of Psychic Consciousness Across the Ages Psychoanalyzing Psychic Consciousness The Evolutionary Connection The Teltic Triune Consciousness, Self, and Free Will Computers and Consciousness Altered States of Consciousness Collectives and Consciousness Sundry Points for Further Consideration.
Rosuvastatin Alters the Proteome of High Density Lipoproteins: Generation of alpha-1-antitrypsin Enriched Particles with Anti-inflammatory Properties

Statins lower plasma cholesterol by as much as 50%, thus reducing future cardiovascular events. However, the physiological effects of statins are diverse and not all are related to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering. We performed a small clinical pilot study to assess the impact of statins on lipoprotein-associated proteins in healthy individuals (n = 10) with normal LDL-C (<130 mg/dL), who were treated with rosuvastatin (20 mg/day) for 28 days. Proteomic analysis of size-exclusion chromatography isolated LDL, large high density lipoprotein (HDL-L), and small HDL (HDL-S) fractions and spectral counting was used to compare relative protein detection before and after statin therapy. Significant protein changes were found in each lipoprotein pool and included both increases and decreases in several proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism, complement regulation and acute phase response. The most dramatic effect of the rosuvastatin treatment was an increase in α-1-antirypsin (A1AT) spectral counts associated with HDL-L particles. Quantitative measurement by ELISA confirmed an average 5.7-fold increase in HDL-L associated A1AT. Molecular modeling predictions indicated that the hydrophobic reactive center loop of A1AT, the functional domain responsible for its protease inhibitor activity, is likely involved in lipid binding and association with HDL was found to protect A1AT against oxidative inactivation. Cell culture experiments, using J774 macrophages, demonstrated that the association of A1AT with HDL enhances its antiprotease activity, preventing elastase induced production of tumor necrosis factor α. In conclusion, we show that statins can significantly alter the protein composition of both LDL and HDL and our studies reveal a novel functional relationship between A1AT and HDL. The up-regulation of A1AT on HDL enhances its anti-inflammatory functionality, which may contribute to the non-lipid lowering beneficial effects of statins.
Evidence and Ideology on Consumer Choices in Education Markets

The question of how information is used by parents in selecting schools is a central issue in school choice debates, where advocates and opponents frequently intermingle theory (often economic), ideological beliefs, and empirical evidence in constructing arguments about the potential of this reform. We employ a nomination strategy to analyze rational choice claims about information on school quality, finding a much more complex picture of this issue than is typically found in policy advocacy. We offer an alternative framework for evaluating consumer information on schools, concluding that researchers and policymakers must consider the nature, quality, and equitable distribution of information.
BLUEBEARD'S FORBIDDEN ROOM: GENDER IMAGES IN MARGARET ATWOOD'S VISUAL AND LITERARY ART

(1986). BLUEBEARD'S FORBIDDEN ROOM: GENDER IMAGES IN MARGARET ATWOOD'S VISUAL AND LITERARY ART. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 385-397.
Determinants of MBA Advisor Job Satisfaction: An Exploratory Study

At most institutions accredited by the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), a single advisor works with students enrolled in the Master of Business Administration (MBA) program. This advisor provides advice on course loads as well as careers. As this advisor may make a lasting impression on students, his or her job satisfaction is critical. This exploratory study focused on four classes of determinants of advisor satisfaction. Data were obtained through a survey mailed to all AACSB-accredited schools. A regression analysis revealed that job- and advisor-descriptive variables explained most of the variation in satisfaction. Critical determinants included role clarity, work status, student orientation, and expertise in both technical and creative areas of advisement. This study suggests that full-time employment and clarification of job tasks may enhance advisor job satisfaction.
Dynamics of scalar dissipation in isotropic turbulence: a numerical and modelling study

The physical mechanisms underlying the dynamics of the dissipation of passive scalar fluctuations with a uniform mean gradient in stationary isotropic turbulence are studied using data from direct numerical simulations (DNS), at grid resolutions up to 5123. The ensemble-averaged Taylor-scale Reynolds number is up to about 240 and the Schmidt number is from ⅛ to 1. Special attention is given to statistics conditioned upon the energy dissipation rate because of their important role in the Lagrangian spectral relaxation (LSR) model of turbulent mixing. In general, the dominant physical processes are those of nonlinear amplification by strain rate fluctuations, and destruction by molecular diffusivity. Scalar dissipation tends to form elongated structures in space, with only a limited overlap with zones of intense energy dissipation. Scalar gradient fluctuations are preferentially aligned with the direction of most compressive strain rate, especially in regions of high energy dissipation. Both the nature of this alignment and the timescale of the resulting scalar gradient amplification appear to be nearly universal in regard to Reynolds and Schmidt numbers. Most of the terms appearing in the budget equation for conditional scalar dissipation show neutral behaviour at low energy dissipation but increased magnitudes at high energy dissipation. Although homogeneity requires that transport terms have a zero unconditional average, conditional molecular transport is found to be significant, especially at lower Reynolds or Schmidt numbers within the simulation data range. The physical insights obtained from DNS are used for a priori testing and development of the LSR model. In particular, based on the DNS data, improved functional forms are introduced for several model coefficients which were previously taken as constants. Similar improvements including new closure schemes for specific terms are also achieved for the modelling of conditional scalar variance.
Changes in neuropeptide Y after experimental traumatic brain injury in the rat.

We utilized a model of fluid percussion (FP) brain injury in the rat to examine the hypothesis that alterations in brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentrations occur following brain injury. Male rats (n = 44) were subjected to FP traumatic brain injury. One group of animals (n = 38) was killed at 1 min, 15 min, 1 h, or 24 h after brain injury, and regional brain homogenates were analyzed for NPY concentrations using radioimmunoassay. A second group of animals (n = 6) was killed for NPY immunocytochemistry. Concentrations of NPY in the injured left parietal cortex were significantly elevated at 15 min post injury (p < 0.05). No changes were observed in other brain regions. NPY-immunoreactive fibers were seen at 15 min post injury predominantly in the injured cortex and adjacent hippocampus. These temporal changes in NPY immunoreactivity, together with previous observations concerning posttraumatic changes in regional CBF in these same areas, suggest that an increase in region NPY concentrations after brain in...
Effects of hormonal and nutritional changes on rates of synthesis and degradation of hepatic phosphofructokinase isozymes.

Abstract The major liver phosphofructokinase isozyme decreased 60–70% in 6-day fasted rats or rats made diabetic with alloxan or streptozotocin. Refeeding induced a return to normal within 72 hr, and insulin treatment for 72 hr increased the amount, of this isozyme 6- to 8-fold greater than the diabetic levels. The level of this isozyme was measured after separation of isozymes on DEAE-cellulose and by titration with antiserum. The minor liver isozyme is slightly, if at all, affected by insulin and only slightly affected during fasting (20% decrease after 6-day fast period). For the fasted rat the results indicated that the decreased amount of the major isozyme was a consequence of increased degradation, with little if any change in the rate of synthesis. However, during refeeding it appeared that the increased enzyme content was a result of both increased synthesis and reduced degradation. Thus. the isozyme representing the bulk of liver phosphofructokinase activity is regulatable through effects on the rates of its synthesis and degradation, while the minor isozyme is relatively unaffected.
The microscopical anatomy of metamorphosis in a haploid salamander, triton taeniatus laur

The microscopical examination of the first haploid salamander to live through metamorphosis shows that the transformation to a terrestrial vertebrate was normal and practically completed at the time of its death. All the organs and structures that develop shortly before and during metamorphosis and are typical for the adult salamander, e.g., the integument, the pharyngeal derivatives, and various glands of special function, are present. The nuclei in all organs and tissues of the haploid animal are smaller than normal. This is indirect evidence of the uniformly haploid condition of the animal. The majority of the organs are smaller than in the control but contain a larger number of cells. In some glands, the reduced cell size has been completely compensated by the increase in cell number.
Analysis of software contributions to military aviation and drone mishaps

Software is assuming an increasing role in the aerospace industry, and by the same token it is also playing an increasing role in many recent incidents and accidents of both military and commercial vehicles. To better understand this role, we examine two case studies from the accident database of the Air Force Accident Investigation Board (AIB). We previously illustrated the limitations of the notion of “software failure” and developed, in its stead, the notion of software contribution to adverse events. We show here how specific operational scenarios, generally unconsidered during the software development and testing, trigger those contributions. We provide an analysis of the recurrent patterns of those mechanisms and preliminary recommendations for software development and testing. We also suggest ways to consolidate AIB reports' findings and to be more mindful of the chain of causality in the accident sequences.
Embryonic myocardial cell aggregates: volume and pulsation rate.

Abstract Spontaneously beating aggregates of myocardial cells from whole heart, atria, and apical portions of the ventricles were prepared by trypsin-dissociation and gyratory reaggregation of 4-, 7-, and 14-day-old chick embryo tissue. Pulsation rate and volume of aggregates were determined. The pulsation rate for a given volume aggregate decreased as the age of the donor embryo increased. Atrial aggregates of a given size beat faster than ventricular aggregates of the same size. However, in all cases the pulsation rate varied inversely with the aggregate volume. These results are not in agreement with the pacemaker concept as generally accepted, which predicts that a mass of heart cells would take on the pulsation rate of the fastest cell or cells within it. Differential composition of large and small aggregates was ruled out as a determining factor in the inverse rate-volume relationship. We suggest that (a) limited diffusion in large aggregates compared to small aggregates or (b) the larger total membrane capacitance of the electrically coupled cells of larger aggregates compared with that of smaller aggregates, plays a major role in setting the pulsation rate.
A novel p53 mutation hotspot at codon 132 (AAG‐‐‐‐> AGG) in human renal cancer

Mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most common genetic alterations in a variety of human carcinomas. The sites of p53 mutations, however, vary in different cancers. The present study was designed to characterize p53 mutations in 40 primary human renal cancer specimens using hot-start-PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, sequencing of PCR product and immunohistochemistry. DNA extracted from microdissected paraffin-embedded sections was amplified by hot-start-PCR using oligonucleotide primers specific for exons 4-9 of p53. The mutations were analyzed by PCR-SSCP technique and the generated fragments were denatured and analyzed by 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The samples showing a band shift were denatured and sequenced using the SequenaseTM Version 2.0 DNA Sequencing Kit (US Biochemical, Cleveland, Ohio). Genomic DNA from control samples containing wild-type p53 alleles was sequenced in parallel for confirming mutations in samples that were positive for p53 in the PCR-SSCP analysis. The results of these experiments demonstrate that: (1) there were mutations in p53 exon 5 and 8 in 35% (14 out of 40 samples) of human renal cancer tissues as revealed by PCR-SSCP analysis; (2) DNA sequencing of samples showing frame-shift have hot spot of p53 mutation on exon 8 at codon 244 (GGC---> TGC) and exon 5 at codon 132 [AAG(Lys)---> AGG(Arg)]. This mutation in p53 exon 5 at codon 132 is novel and has not yet been reported; (3) immunohistochemical staining of p53 in renal cancer tissue using mouse anti-human p53 monoclonal antibody, clone PAb 1801, correlated with the p53 mutation assessed by PCR-SSCP. No correlation was found between p53 mutations and tumor stage and grade of renal cancer.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SENSITIVE STIGMAS

It has been known for a long time that in the families of the Bignoniaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Martyniaceae, and Lentibulariaceae there are certain genera whose stigmas respond to pressure. In nature, the stimulating object is the body of a visiting insect or of a humming bird. The external structure of these sensitive stigmas is similar, though not closely similar, in all species. The stigma consists, in most of the species, of two tongueshaped lobes which ordinarily diverge I800 or more. The pollen is deposited on the inner surface of these gaping lobes by the visiting insect, and the push of the insect's body stimulates the lobes to close together completely, except in the Lentibulariaceae, in which there is but partial closing.
Idol Speculation: Queer Identity and a Media-Imposed Lens of Detection

This article examines the media speculation and discussion surrounding the sexuality of 2009 American Idol contestant Adam Lambert. Introducing the concept of a “lens of detection,” it argues that the media coverage portrayed Lambert as a closeted gay man and encouraged viewers to watch his onscreen performances for clues that supposedly confirmed this identity. As Lambert remained queerly ambiguous in the series' broadcasts, the media's insistence on his gayness functioned to close off the disruption that he posed to the gay/straight binary as a gender-nonconforming performer who refused to disclose his sexuality. This media-imposed lens of detection has significant implications for how audiences may be positioned to understand queer representations in media texts: by pushing viewers to make sense of nonnormative performances of self through hegemonic gender norms, it limits the possibilities for representations to challenge—and discourages viewers from thinking outside of—dominant understandings of sexu...