cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Roles of the NADPH-Oxidase 1 and 2 in Platelet Activation and Thrombosis

Objective— Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to regulate platelet activation; however, the mechanisms of ROS production during platelet activation remain unclear. Platelets express different isoforms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) oxidases (NOXs). Here, we investigated the role of NOX1 and NOX2 in ROS generation and platelet activation using NOX1 and NOX2 knockout mice. Approach and Results— NOX1 −/Y platelets showed selective defects in G-protein–coupled receptor–mediated platelet activation induced by thrombin and thromboxane A2 analog U46619, but were not affected in platelet activation induced by collagen-related peptide, a glycoprotein VI agonist. In contrast, NOX2 −/− platelets showed potent inhibition of collagen-related peptide-induced platelet activation, and also showed partial inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet activation. Consistently, production of ROS was inhibited in NOX1 −/Y platelets stimulated with thrombin, but not collagen-related peptide, whereas NOX2 −/− platelets showed reduced ROS generation induced by collagen-related peptide or thrombin. Reduced ROS generation in NOX1/2-deficient platelets is associated with impaired activation of Syk and phospholipase Cγ2, but minimally affected mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Interestingly, laser-induced arterial thrombosis was impaired but the bleeding time was not affected in NOX2 −/− mice. Wild-type thrombocytopenic mice injected with NOX2 −/− platelets also showed defective arterial thrombosis, suggesting an important role for platelet NOX2 in thrombosis in vivo but not hemostasis. Conclusions— NOX1 and NOX2 play differential roles in different platelet activation pathways and in thrombosis. ROS generated by these enzymes promotes platelet activation via the Syk/phospholipase Cγ2/calcium signaling pathway.
Cross-sectional study examining whether the extent of first-contact access to primary care differentially benefits those with certain personalities to receive preventive services

Objective The extent of first-contact access to primary care (ie, easy availability when needed) is associated with receiving recommended preventive services. Whether this access benefits patients at risk of preventive services underutilisation, such as those with certain personality characteristics, is unclear. Setting Secondary analysis of the 2003–2006 round of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Participants 6975 respondents who reported a usual provider whose specialty was internal medicine or family medicine. Those reporting not visiting a medical provider in the past 12 months, and those who were uninsured were excluded. Primary outcome measures Receiving mammography, cholesterol testing and influenza vaccination. Adjusted predicted probabilities (aPP) of receiving these services were analysed stratified by personality characteristics overall, and if significant, then interacted with first-contact access. Results Lower conscientiousness as compared with higher conscientiousness predicted less of all 3 preventive services; mammography (aPP 80%; 95% CI (77% to 83%) vs aPP 85%; (95% CI 82% to 87%)), cholesterol testing (88%; (85% to 90%) vs 93% (91% to 94%), and influenza vaccination (62%; (59% to 64%) vs 66%; (63% to 68%)). Lower agreeableness as compared with higher agreeableness predicted less mammography (77%; (73% to 81%) vs 84%; (82% to 87%)) and less influenza vaccination (59%; (56% to 62%) vs 65%; (63% to 68%)). Lower extraversion predicted less cholesterol testing (88%; (86% to 91%) vs (92%; (90% to 94%)). Lower openness to experience predicted less influenza vaccination (59%; (56% to 63%) vs (68%; (65% to 70%)). For agreeableness, these differences in receiving preventive services did not persist when first-contact access to primary care was present. Conclusions Certain personality characteristics predicted receiving less preventive care services. For those with less agreeableness, improved first-contact access to primary care mitigated this effect. If these results are replicated in other studies, primary care offices seeking to improve population health through receiving preventive services should prioritise increasing their first-contact accessibility.
Numerical implementation of non-local polycrystal plasticity using fast Fourier transforms

Abstract We present the numerical implementation of a non-local polycrystal plasticity theory using the FFT-based formulation of Suquet and co-workers. Gurtin (2002) non-local formulation, with geometry changes neglected, has been incorporated in the EVP-FFT algorithm of Lebensohn et al. (2012) . Numerical procedures for the accurate estimation of higher order derivatives of micromechanical fields, required for feedback into single crystal constitutive relations, are identified and applied. A simple case of a periodic laminate made of two fcc crystals with different plastic properties is first used to assess the soundness and numerical stability of the proposed algorithm and to study the influence of different model parameters on the predictions of the non-local model. Different behaviors at grain boundaries are explored, and the one consistent with the micro-clamped condition gives the most pronounced size effect. The formulation is applied next to 3-D fcc polycrystals, illustrating the possibilities offered by the proposed numerical scheme to analyze the mechanical response of polycrystalline aggregates in three dimensions accounting for size dependence arising from plastic strain gradients with reasonable computing times.
Unravelling the Mechanism of the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Acetophenone by [RuX2(diphosphine)(1,2-diamine)] Catalysts

The mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone by the chiral complex trans-[RuCl2{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-dpen}] and KO-t-C4H9 in propan-2-ol is revised on the basis of DFT computations carried out in dielectric continuum and the most recent experimental observations. The results of these collective studies suggest that neither a six-membered pericyclic transition state nor any multibond concerted transition states are involved. Instead, a hydride moiety is transferred in an outer-sphere manner to afford an ion-pair, and the corresponding transition state is both enantio- and rate-determining. Heterolytic dihydrogen cleavage proceeds neither by a (two-bond) concerted, four-membered transition state, nor by a (three-bond) concerted, six-membered transition state mediated by a solvent molecule. Instead, cleavage of the H-H bond is achieved via deprotonation of the η(2)-H2 ligand within a cationic Ru complex by the chiral conjugate base of (R)-1-phenylethanol. Thus, protonation of the generated (R)-1-phenylethoxide anion originates from the η(2)-H2 ligand of the cationic Ru complex and not from NH protons of a neutral Ru trans-dihydride complex, as initially suggested within the framework of a metal-ligand bifunctional mechanism. Detailed computational analysis reveals that the 16e(-) Ru amido complex [RuH{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-HN(CHPh)2NH2}] and the 18e(-) Ru alkoxo complex trans-[RuH{OCH(CH3)(R)}{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-dpen}] (R = CH3 or C6H5) are not intermediates within the catalytic cycle, but rather are off-loop species. The accelerative effect of KO-t-C4H9 is explained by the reversible formation of the potassium amidato complexes trans-[RuH2{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-N(K)H(CHPh)2NH2}] or trans-[RuH2{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-N(K)H(CHPh)2NH(K)}]. The three-dimensional (3D) cavity observed within these molecules results in a chiral pocket stabilized via several different noncovalent interactions, including neutral and ionic hydrogen bonding, cation-π interactions, and π-π stacking interactions. Cooperatively, these interactions modify the catalyst structure, in turn lowering the relative activation barrier of hydride transfer by ~1-2 kcal mol(-1) and the following H-H bond cleavage by ~10 kcal mol(-1), respectively. A combined computational study and analysis of recent experimental data of the reaction pool results in new mechanistic insight into the catalytic cycle for hydrogenation of acetophenone by Noyori's catalyst, in the presence or absence of KO-t-C4H9.
Psychosocial Characteristics of Student Veterans with Service-Related Disabilities: Implications for Further Research and Occupational Therapy Involvement

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to assess how post-9/11 university student veterans differ from nonveteran university students on four mental health indicators. In comparison to a demographically matched sample of nonveteran students, it was found that veterans in this study had significantly higher levels of depression and post-traumatic stress symptomatology and non-significantly lower levels of engagement in meaningful activities and meaning in life. This non-experimental study indicates that mental health differences between student veterans and their nonveteran peers do exist, and argues for the inclusion of occupational therapy services for student veterans.
510 Addition of All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) to the Combination of Fludarabine, Cytarabine, Idarubicin, With or Without GCSF in Older, Higher Risk Patients with AML and High-Risk MDS Does Not Improve the Outcome in Those with NPM1 Mutation

Abstract 2616 Background: Previous studies have been conflicting in their findings regarding whether NPM1 gene mutations may be a marker for response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) given as an adjunct to intensive chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Schlenk RF, Haematologica, 2009, 94, 54–60, Burnett AK, Blood, 2010, 115,948, and Schlenk RF, abstract #80, ASH 2011). Patients and Methods: we examined the impact of the addition of ATRA among patients with diploid cytogenetics treated on a randomized phase II study of fludarabine + cytarabine + idarubicine +/− GCSF +/− ATRA with available data on their NPM1 mutation status. Between September 1995 and November 1997, 215 patients with newly diagnosed AML (n=153) or high-risk MDS (RAEB or RAEB-T; n=62) were enrolled in the study. They had to have one of the unfavorable features of age > 71 years, antecedent hematological disorder (AHD), therapy- related disease, or high bilirubin (>2.9 mg/ml) or creatinine (>1.5 mg/ml) to be eligible to participate in the study (Estey E, Blood, 1999, 93, 2478). Among them 70 patients had diploid cytogenetic and are the subjects of this analysis. Results: The median age of the 70 patients was 66.5 (range, 23–87), 60% had AHD, 15.7% had therapy-related disease, and 40% were older than 71. Bone marrow samples were available for all patients for examination by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence of cytoplasmic NPM (correlating to NPM1 mutation). Twenty (29%) of patients had NPM1 mutation. Among them 7 (35%) did and 13 (65%) did not receive ATRA in combination with chemotherapy. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 5 (71.4%) of patients treated with ATRA as compared to 9 (69.2%) without ATRA (p=NS). The median event-free survival was 82 weeks vs. 56 weeks for patients receiving ATRA or not [(p=0.5), ranges, (10–173 weeks) and (1–646 weeks), respectively]. The median overall survival was 41 weeks vs. 60 weeks for patients receiving ATRA or not [(p=0.74), ranges, (3–452 weeks) and (0–735 weeks), respectively]. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in CR rate, EFS, or OS in this higher risk population of patients with NPM1 mutated diploid AML or high-risk MDS receiving ATRA as an adjunct to chemotherapy. Disclosures: Kantarjian: Genzyme: Research Funding. Ravandi: genzyme: Research Funding.
The Contingent Effects of Mental Well-being and Education on Volunteering

Mental health or well-being provides individuals with an enhanced agentic capacity for formal volunteering. However, this capacity may be realized more effectively through the structural resources for volunteering provided by education. Analyzing white respondents from the 1995-2005 National Survey of Midlife Development Panel Study (N = 1,431), we examine the contingent effects of mental well-being and education on the probability of formal volunteering. In longitudinal models, we find that mental well-being has a role in volunteering only at higher levels of education and that deficits in mental well-being reduce the effect of education. This holds across three representative indicators of mental well-being capturing the absence of negative symptoms as well as the presence of thriving or positive emotion. As a whole, our findings suggest that agency and structure are intertwined in determining who volunteers.
Relative contributions of α-, β-, and ω-oxidative pathways to in vitro fatty acid oxidation in rat liver

A method is presented for estimating the relative contribution of alpha-, beta-, and omega-oxidation to the metabolism of fatty acids. The distribution of (14)C among the carbon atoms of liver glycogen-glucose is determined after liver slices have been incubated with fatty acids labeled at single points in the chain. When these results are compared with similar data obtained after an incubation with acetate-1-(14)C and acetate-2-(14)C, conclusions can be drawn about the contributions of alpha-, beta-, and omega-oxidation in palmitate, oleate, and stearate, and of oxidative cleavage of the double bond in oleate. Beta-Oxidation is overwhelmingly predominant under the conditions used.
Perceptions of Otherness: Critical Responses to the Jews of Rembrandt's Art and Milieu (1836–1945)

AbstractA leitmotif of Rembrandt criticism is that the artist was inspired by his contacts with the Sephardic and Ashkenazi immigrants of Amsterdam. This study investigates, for the first time, varied critical responses to the Jews in Rembrandt's society and art from the nineteenth century, up to and including the Nazi regime. More particularly, this study focuses upon critics who expressed strong opinions regarding the Jews in the artist's art and milieu, and who shared the belief that Rembrandt's uniqueness as an artist was especially revealed by his representations of them. The writings of John Smith, Eduard Kolloff, Charles Blanc, Julius Langbehn, Wilhelm von Bode, Carl Neumann, Anna Seghers, Alfred Rosenberg and Maria Grunewald demonstrate how discussions of Rembrandt's Jews were integrally intertwined not only with the writers' opinions of the Dutch artist, but also with each author's perceptions of the Jewish residents of seventeenth century Amsterdam, as well as of contemporary Jews.
Assessing the effects of a sequestered germline on interdomain lateral gene transfer in Metazoa

A sequestered germline in Metazoa has been argued to be an obstacle to lateral gene transfer (LGT), though few studies have specifically assessed this claim. Here, we test the hypothesis that the origin of a sequestered germline reduced LGT events in Bilateria (i.e., triploblast lineages) as compared to early-diverging Metazoa (i.e., Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Porifera, and Placozoa). We analyze single-gene phylogenies generated with over 900 species sampled from among Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota to identify well-supported interdomain LGTs. We focus on ancient interdomain LGT (i.e., those between prokaryotes and multiple lineages of Metazoa) as systematic errors in single-gene tree reconstruction create uncertainties for interpreting eukaryote-to-eukaryote transfer. The breadth of the sampled Metazoa enables us to estimate the timing of LGTs, and to examine the pattern before versus after the evolution of a sequestered germline. We identified 58 LGTs found only in Metazoa and prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria and/or archaea), and seven genes transferred from prokaryotes into Metazoa plus one other eukaryotic clade. Our analyses indicate that more interdomain transfers occurred before the development of a sequestered germline, consistent with the hypothesis that this feature is an obstacle to LGT.
Research and application of SF_6 recovery technology for power equipment

Problems in usage of traditional SF6 recovery device were discussed,such as absence of indices testing,hidden safety trouble,low recovery ratio,and difficulty in tank filling and equipment refilling after treatment.The composition and working principle of the new type SF6 recovery system was presented,and the utility model patent named "recovery set of SF6 for arc extinction for high-voltage grid" developed based on the system was illuminated.Application of the recovery set was presented and prospected.
Fork in the road: Are all bifurcations created equal?

The TRYTON study evaluated routine side branch (SB) stenting with a novel bare metal stent (BMS) designed for true bifurcation lesions (Medina 1,1,1; 1,0,1; 0,1,1) and compared it to a strategy of balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting. It failed to meet the primary endpoint of non-inferiority in target vessel failure mainly driven by peri-procedural myocardial infarction (MI) with elevated CK-MB > 3× the upper limit of normal. In this substudy, 41% of patients who had a SB diameter > 2.25 mm were evaluated and the new stent was found to be non-inferior in the primary outcome of target vessel failure with no difference in post-procedural MI. This substudy suggests that appropriately sized SB stents with TRYTON may be useful when the SB is >2.25 mm in diameter. However, further studies could evaluate routine use of FFR for SBs; drug eluting versions of the stent as well as stents designed for vessels 2.25 mm in diameter which are frequently felt to be clinically larger when not subjected to core lab analysis.
Light-sheet microscopy with digital Fourier analysis measures transport properties over large field-of-view

Using light-sheet microscopy combined with digital Fourier methods we probe the dynamics of colloidal samples and DNA molecules. This combination, referred to as selective-plane illumination differential dynamic microscopy (SPIDDM), has the benefit of optical sectioning to study, with minimal photobleaching, thick samples allowing us to measure the diffusivity of colloidal particles at high volume fractions. Further, SPIDDM exploits the inherent spatially-varying thickness of Gaussian light-sheets. Where the excitation sheet is most focused, we capture high spatial frequency dynamics as the signal-to-background is high. In thicker regions, we capture the slower dynamics as diffusion out of the sheet takes longer.
Celiac Disease and its Therapy: Current Approaches and New Advances

Abstract Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Although serological testing has increased the detection of celiac disease, small bowel biopsies are required to confirm the diagnosis. Currently, the only effective treatment is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet. Though safe and effective, this is not ideal because of the expense, impact on quality of life, and inability to achieve complete histologic remission despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet, which may impact survival. Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of celiac disease have led to the identification of new therapies for treatment of celiac disease. This review will discuss the current approach and the evolving novel therapeutic strategies under investigation as alternatives to a gluten-free diet.
Precision medicine driven by cancer systems biology

Molecular insights from genome and systems biology are influencing how cancer is diagnosed and treated. We critically evaluate big data challenges in precision medicine. The melanoma research community has identified distinct subtypes involving chronic sun-induced damage and the mitogen-activated protein kinase driver pathway. In addition, despite low mutation burden, non-genomic mitogen-activated protein kinase melanoma drivers are found in membrane receptors, metabolism, or epigenetic signaling with the ability to bypass central mitogen-activated protein kinase molecules and activating a similar program of mitogenic effectors. Mutation hotspots, structural modeling, UV signature, and genomic as well as non-genomic mechanisms of disease initiation and progression are taken into consideration to identify resistance mutations and novel drug targets. A comprehensive precision medicine profile of a malignant melanoma patient illustrates future rational drug targeting strategies. Network analysis emphasizes an important role of epigenetic and metabolic master regulators in oncogenesis. Co-occurrence of driver mutations in signaling, metabolic, and epigenetic factors highlights how cumulative alterations of our genomes and epigenomes progressively lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Precision insights have the ability to identify independent molecular pathways suitable for drug targeting. Synergistic treatment combinations of orthogonal modalities including immunotherapy, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, epigenetic inhibitors, and metabolic inhibitors have the potential to overcome immune evasion, side effects, and drug resistance.
Treating Youths in the Juvenile Justice System.

Adolescents involved with the juvenile justice system have higher rates of risky sexual behaviors, resulting in high rates of sexually transmitted infections and increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus, early or complicated pregnancy, and parenting issues. Comorbid substance abuse, gang association, mental health issues, and history of having been abused as children result in further elevated rates. Girls and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths represent growing subpopulations with special risks. Increasingly diverted to community-based alternatives, juvenile justice-involved teens obtain most of their medical care from community providers, who need to understand their risks to provide appropriate, optimal care.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
Opposing Intermolecular Tuning of Ca2+ Affinity for Calmodulin by Neurogranin and CaMKII Peptides.

We investigated the impact of bound calmodulin (CaM)-target compound structure on the affinity of calcium (Ca2+) by integrating coarse-grained models and all-atomistic simulations with nonequilibrium physics. We focused on binding between CaM and two specific targets, Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and neurogranin (Ng), as they both regulate CaM-dependent Ca2+ signaling pathways in neurons. It was shown experimentally that Ca2+/CaM (holoCaM) binds to the CaMKII peptide with overwhelmingly higher affinity than Ca2+-free CaM (apoCaM); the binding of CaMKII peptide to CaM in return increases the Ca2+ affinity for CaM. However, this reciprocal relation was not observed in the Ng peptide (Ng13–49), which binds to apoCaM or holoCaM with binding affinities of the same order of magnitude. Unlike the holoCaM-CaMKII peptide, whose structure can be determined by crystallography, the structural description of the apoCaM-Ng13–49 is unknown due to low binding affinity, therefore we computationally generated an ensemble of apoCaM-Ng13–49 structures by matching the changes in the chemical shifts of CaM upon Ng13–49 binding from nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Next, we computed the changes in Ca2+ affinity for CaM with and without binding targets in atomistic models using Jarzynski’s equality. We discovered the molecular underpinnings of lowered affinity of Ca2+ for CaM in the presence of Ng13–49 by showing that the N-terminal acidic region of Ng peptide pries open the β-sheet structure between the Ca2+ binding loops particularly at C-domain of CaM, enabling Ca2+ release. In contrast, CaMKII peptide increases Ca2+ affinity for the C-domain of CaM by stabilizing the two Ca2+ binding loops. We speculate that the distinctive structural difference in the bound complexes of apoCaM-Ng13–49 and holoCaM-CaMKII delineates the importance of CaM’s progressive mechanism of target binding on its Ca2+ binding affinities.
The Pinochet Dictatorship: The Destruction of Society and the Construction of Impunity

This chapter contains an analysis of the goals and ideology of the Pinochet dictatorship and a summary discussion of the abuses, the abusers, and their collaborators. A brief analysis of the main human rights organizations formed during the dictatorship is also included. The goal of the chapter is not to provide an exhaustive description of the massive human rights abuses that took place between 1973 and 1989, but to provide a background to the human rights policies enacted between 1990 and 2013, and to highlight some of the worst atrocities committed by the regime
Charge distribution uncertainty in differential mobility analysis of aerosols

The inference of particle size distributions from differential mobility analyzer (DMA) data requires knowledge of the charge distribution on the particles being measured. The charge distribution produced by a bipolar aerosol charger depends on the properties of the ions produced in the charger, and on the kinetics of charge transfer from molecular ions or ion clusters to the particles. A single parameterization of a theoretically predicted charge distribution is employed in most DMA analyses regardless of the atmospheric conditions being probed. Deviations of the actual charge distribution from that assumed in the data analysis will bias the estimated particle size distribution. We examine these potential biases by modeling measurements and data inversion using charge distributions calculated for a range of atmospheric conditions. Moreover, simulations were performed using the ion-to-particle flux coefficients predicted for a range of properties of both the particles and ions. To probe the biases over the full range of particle sizes, the measurements were simulated through an atmospheric new particle formation event. The differences between the actual charge distribution and that according to the commonly used parametrization resulted in biases as large as a factor of 5 for nucleation-mode particles, and up to 80% for larger particles. Incorrect estimates of the relative permittivity of the particles or not accounting for the temperature and pressure effects for measurements at 10 km altitude produced biases in excess of 50%; three-fold biases result from erroneous estimates of the ion mobility distribution. We further report on the effects of the relative permittivity of the ions, the relative concentrations of negative and positive ions, and truncation of the number of charge states considered in the inversion.
Female athlete triad

Purpose of reviewThe obstetrician/gynecologist (ob/gyn) may be the first provider to have the opportunity to recognize and diagnose female athlete triad. This review will help the ob/gyn to understand the female athlete triad and what is new on this topic, how to screen and diagnose the condition an
Twenty-First Century Skills: From Theory to Action

This chapter provides a general introduction to issues and initiatives in the assessment of twenty-first century skills, the implications of assessment for the teacher and teacher training, the role played by technologies not only for demonstration of skills but for their measurement, and a look to the future. Frameworks that have informed a gradual shift in the aspirations of education systems for their students are described, followed by evidence of implementations globally and regionally. The role of the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC21S; Griffin et al. (Eds.) (2012), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills. Springer, Dordrecht) in reflecting and acting on a call by global consortia is outlined. This provides the context for the book contents, with the chapters briefly described within their thematic parts. The chapters provide a clear picture of the complexities of the introduction of teaching and assessment strategies based on skills rather than content.
Light trapping structures for radiation hardness enhancement of space solar cells

Abstract In an effort to reduce the radiation degradation of triple-junction solar cells, imbedded photon management is investigated as a means for reducing the middle subcell thickness while maintaining output. The (In)GaAs subcells of the conventional lattice-matched InGaP/(In)GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells with back-side light-reflecting structures were simulated. Subcells with two-dimensional dielectric moth-eye reflection grating show promising results: more than 70% of incident in-band light is reflected into the non-zero diffraction orders which allows the thickness of the subcell to be decreased from 3.5 to 1.25 µm. This reduction of the subcell thickness substantially enhances the radiation hardness of the multi-junction solar cell.
Correlates of Fear of Falling in Older Adults Who Have Experienced a Fall

Nearly one half of older adults who have experienced a fall report a fear of falling. The present study examined several variables in relation to fear of falling. Thirty community-dwelling older adults, over 60 years of age, who experienced a fall in the previous 12 months participated. Subjects were divided into two groups (low-fear and high-fear) and compared on scores on a Fear of Falling questionnaire, the Falls Efficacy Scale, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Pain Intensity Scale, the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. At least a little fear of falling was reported by 25 (83.3%) of the individuals who had fallen. Highly fearful fallers were significantly more likely to endorse higher levels of pain and general anxiety than fallers reporting low levels of fear of falling. Future directions for research were noted.
What Do Teachers Want (from Psychoanalysts)

From his thirty-year perspective as both a psychoanalyst and teacher educator, the author reviews the programs described by Farley and Manning, Sklarew, and Kusche and Greenberg. He assesses their relationship to Freud's vision and to the needs and wants of current teachers.
Programmed Antigenic Stimulation — A New Approach to Influenza Vaccination

Although much is currently written about “new vaccines” and “new approaches to immunization” most contemporary approaches represent technologic developments in the synthesis or presentation of antigens rather than departure from the strategies of the past. The old categories of live and inactivated vaccines can readily accommodate present day recombinant (replicating) viruses (live) or “subunit” or oligopeptide vaccines, perhaps better characterized as non-replicating antigens. The primary and hallowed objective of most vaccines has been the prevention of disease by the prevention of infection. Exceptions are such vaccines as rabies or hepatitis B vaccine which may be given post-exposure and with which suppression of infection already acquired is the only possible objective.
Structure-Property Relationships in Transition Metal-Organic Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials

Materials exhibiting third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have applications in a number of important technologies including power limiting for sensor protection and optically addressed optical switches for photonics switching, all optical signal processing and optical computing.1–5 Because of the potential importance of these technologies, there is currently intense research interest in developing new third-order NLO materials with large effective third-order NLO susceptibilities, χ(3), and the appropriate properties for the various applications.
Effect of Vertical Strut Arrangements on Compression Characteristics of 3D Printed Polymer Lattice Structures: Experimental and Computational Study

This paper discusses the behavior of the three-dimensional (3D) printed polymer lattice core structures during compressive deformation, by both physical testing and computer modeling. Four lattice configurations based on the body-centered cubic (BCC) unit cell were selected to investigate the effect of vertical strut arrangements on stiffness, failure load, and energy absorption per unit mass or the specific energy absorption (SEA). The basic BCC unit cell consists of struts connecting the body center to the corners of the cube. Three variations in the BCC configuration considered in this study are (1) BCCV, with vertical members connecting all nodes of the lattice, (2) BCCA, with vertical members in alternating layers of the lattice, and (3) BCCG, with a gradient in the number of vertical members increasing from none at the top layer to all vertical members at the bottom layer. The unit cell dimensions were 5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm with strut diameter of 1 mm. The lattice was assembled with 5 cells in the x and y directions and 4 cells in the z direction. Specimens were first made by 3D printing by using a fused deposition modeling printer with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene thermoplastic. Specimens were then tested under compression in the z direction under quasi-static conditions. Finite element analysis was used to model the compressive behavior of the different lattice structures. Results from both experiments and finite element models show that the strength of the lattice structures is greater when vertical members are present, and the SEA depends on the lattice geometry and not its mass.
Parametric Study for Performance-Based Fire Design of US Prototype Composite Floor Systems

AbstractDesign requirements for passive fire protection of steel structures in the United States are primarily based on prescriptive approaches. Yet performance-based design has gained attention in...
You’ve Got Mail (and Homework): Simple Strategies for Promoting Student Engagement with Prelecture Videos

The use of video productions in chemistry courses, though pedagogically beneficial, is not sufficient in and of itself. Students must also be willing to engage with these productions, especially wh...
Fingerbreadths Rule in Determining the Safe Zone of the Radial Nerve and Posterior Interosseous Nerve for a Lateral Elbow Approach: An Anatomic Study.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a safe zone rule could be applied to prevent iatrogenic injuries to the radial nerve (RN); and determine whether there is a relationship between the diameter of the radial head and capitellum and the distance of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) to the radiocapitellar joint. Methods Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were used to measure the distances between the RN and the lateral epicondyle; the PIN and the radiocapitellar joint; the lateral epicondyle and the PIN as it crossed the ulnohumeral joint; the diameter of the radial head; the width of the capitellum; and the fingerbreadths of the specimens. Results Four fingerbreadths determined a safe zone between the lateral epicondyle and the RN proximally at the point at which it pierced the intermuscular septum and the mid-lateral portion of the humeral shaft. Two fingerbreadths provided a safe zone for the PIN from the radiocapitellar joint to the midpoint of the axis of the radius only with the forearm in pronation. Conclusion A four-finger rule, two-finger rule, and radial head diameter or capitellum size may predict a safe zone for the RN and PIN except for the segment of the nerve where it crosses the anterior cortex of either the humerus or radius. Level of evidence Preclinical cadaveric study.
Alveolar lipids in pulmonary disease. A review

Lung lipid metabolism participates both in infant and adult pulmonary disease. The lung is composed by multiple cell types with specialized functions and coordinately acting to meet specific physiologic requirements. The alveoli are the niche of the most active lipid metabolic cell in the lung, the type 2 cell (T2C). T2C synthesize surfactant lipids that are an absolute requirement for respiration, including dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. After its synthesis and secretion into the alveoli, surfactant is recycled by the T2C or degraded by the alveolar macrophages (AM). Surfactant biosynthesis and recycling is tightly regulated, and dysregulation of this pathway occurs in many pulmonary disease processes. Alveolar lipids can participate in the development of pulmonary disease from their extracellular location in the lumen of the alveoli, and from their intracellular location in T2C or AM. External insults like smoke and pollution can disturb surfactant homeostasis and result in either surfactant insufficiency or accumulation. But disruption of surfactant homeostasis is also observed in many chronic adult diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and others. Sustained damage to the T2C is one of the postulated causes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and surfactant homeostasis is disrupted during fibrotic conditions. Similarly, surfactant homeostasis is impacted during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and infections. Bioactive lipids like eicosanoids and sphingolipids also participate in chronic lung disease and in respiratory infections. We review the most recent knowledge on alveolar lipids and their essential metabolic and signaling functions during homeostasis and during some of the most commonly observed pulmonary diseases.
A Dual-Polarized 1024-Element Ku-band SATCOM Transmit Phased-Array with ±70° Scan and 43.5 dBW EIRP

This paper presents a planar, 1024-element, Ku-band SATCOM transmit phased array. It can synthesize any polarization, such as linear, rotated-linear, left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations since it is constructed using dual-polarized antennas and 8-channel silicon beamformers. The 1024-element array is assembled using four 256-element arrays, and is scalable in a 2xN fashion. An antenna spacing of λ/2 at 14.4 GHz is used in an equilateral triangular grid, and results in ±70° beam steering in all planes. Measurements show that the 1024-element array has a 3-dB beamwidth of 3.2° and 3.7° in the principal planes with a cross-polarization (X-pol) level of -34 dB at broadside, and with 42.5 and 43.5 dBW EIRP at PldB and Psat, respectively, per polarization. According to the authors' knowledge, this work presents a state-of-the-art Ku-band transmit phased-array solution with high EIRP for Ku-band SATCOM mobile terminals.
Each Reader Decides If a Replication Counts; Reply to Schwarz and Clore (2016)

I agree with Schwarz & Clore on the importance of considering differences between original and replication studies when interpreting replication failures. I disagree on the proposition that without manipulation checks replications cannot be statistically analyzed as such, and disagree on their approach to considering hypotheses for why a replication failed. They stop after generating hypotheses, I show the benefits of also testing them. I propose a heuristic for deciding which design differences replicators should highlight in their articles. A unifying theme is that replicators are communicating with all readers, not just the original authors; the goal is informing the former rather than persuading the latter.
A genome-scale CRISPR Cas9 dropout screen identifies synthetically lethal targets in SRC-3 inhibited cancer cells

Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3/NCoA3/AIB1), is a key regulator of gene transcription and it plays a central role in breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target. Beyond its function as an important regulator of estrogen receptor transcriptional activity, SRC-3 also functions as a coactivator for a wide range of other transcription factors, suggesting SRC-3 inhibition can be beneficial in hormone-independent cancers as well. The recent discovery of a potent SRC-3 small molecule inhibitor, SI-2, enabled the further development of additional related compounds. SI-12 is an improved version of SI-2 that like SI-2 has anti-proliferative activity in various cancer types, including BC. Here, we sought to identify gene targets, that when inhibited in the presence of SI-12, would lead to enhanced BC cell cytotoxicity. We performed a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen in MCF-7 BC cells under conditions of pharmacological pressure with SI-12. A parallel screen was performed with an ER inhibitor, fulvestrant, to shed light on both common and distinct activities between SRC-3 and ERα inhibition. Bearing in mind the key role of SRC-3 in tumorigenesis of other types of cancer, we extended our study by validating potential hits identified from the MCF-7 screen in other cancer cell lines. Using a CRISPR-based large-scale screen, Gilad et al. identify the genes that show synthetic lethality with an SRC-3 inhibitor in breast cancer cells while contrasting this with the estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant. This study provides insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer forms that involve SRC-3.
An Introduction to the Journal of Legal Metrics

We introduce the inaugural issue of the Journal of Legal Metrics. Our aim is to solicit and publish the efforts of scholars whose work demonstrates the explanatory power of numbers and statistics in the legal context. Data challenges the status quo, requiring reconciliation of subjective beliefs with objective measures, and encouraging reexamination of former truths and assumptions. We hope not necessarily to answer the question: “What does the data say?” but rather: “Where is the data in the first place?” Too often commentary surrounding the law is based in opinion, rhetoric, and subjectivity; the foundation of scholarship here is that of numbers and statistics.
Enhancing ferromagnetism in the kinetically arrested LaFe12B6 by partial La/Nd substitution

Abstract The intrinsic magnetic properties of the La0.9Nd0.1Fe12B6 compound have been studied by magnetization measurements. The compound orders ferromagnetically (FM) at the Curie temperature, TC, of ~58 K, which shifts toward higher temperatures with increasing magnetic field. At 2 K isothermal magnetization data indicate a mixed magnetic state with ~2/3 of the material remaining FM and ~1/3 becoming antiferromagnetic (AFM) after cooling in a zero magnetic field. The AFM state fully transforms into the FM state via a field-induced metamagnetic transition, and the critical field is ~HC = 34 kOe at 2 K. Another kind of metamagnetic transition is observed above the low-field TC, where a field-induced metamagnetic transition is between the paramagnetic (PM) and FM states. Both metamagnetic transitions are accompanied by large thermal and magnetic hystereses, and the Arrott plots confirm that the transitions are first order in nature. A large magnetocaloric effect in the La0.9Nd0.1Fe12B6 compound is observed in the vicinity of the field-induced PM-FM transition.
Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in 2 Men.

Introduction In the trials of corona virus vaccines, detailed analyses of subsets of lymphocytes were not carried out. We present perhaps the most comprehensive immunological analysis of 29 subsets of B and T cells in 2 healthy subjects receiving 2 doses of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine. Methods Analyses were performed prior to vaccination, 3 weeks following the 1st dose, and 4 weeks following the 2nd dose. Total, naive (TN), and different memory and effector subsets (TCM, TEM, and TEMRA) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific tetramer+, and cytotoxic CD8+ T; subsets of T follicular cells (TFH, TFH1, TFH2, TFH1/TFH17, and TFH17); B-cell subsets (mature B cells, naive B cells, transitional B cells, marginal zone B cells, class-switched memory B cells, germinal center B cells, and CD21low B cells), and plasmablasts; and regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+ Treg, CD8+ Treg, Breg, and TFR cells) were evaluated with specific monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. Results A lack of COVID-19 IgG antibodies after the 1st dose in one of 2 subjects was associated with increased regulatory lymphocytes and decreased plasmablasts. Seroconversion after the 2nd dose in this subject was associated with decreased TFR cells and increased plasmablasts. In both subjects, CD4 TEM and CD8 TCM were markedly increased following the 2nd dose. TFH1 and regulatory lymphocytes were increased (except Breg) following the 1st dose. A striking increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells was observed following the 2nd dose. Conclusion Our data support the need for 2nd dose of vaccine to induce strong SARS-CoV-2 CD8 T-cell specific response and generation of memory subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Regulatory lymphocytes appear to play a role in the magnitude of response.
Transboundary groundwater governance in the Guarani Aquifer System: reflections from a survey of global and regional experts

To understand transboundary groundwater governance in the South American Guarani Aquifer System, we surveyed global and regional experts about the region’s groundwater quantity and quality, ownership and rights, and regulation and administration. Respondents (1) perceived groundwater quality and withdrawal as under-regulated, and relevant information and data as inadequate; (2) suggested that contamination and overdrafting remain mostly incipient and localized along international borders; and (3) viewed groundwater as a shared resource administered by the state for the public, rather than as private property. Respondents suggested that while there is progress towards implementing a formal transboundary aquifer agreement, local-to-national-scale governance is important.
LHRH Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancers

The sections in this article are Introduction Cancer Conventional Approaches to Cancer/Metastases Detection Current Chemotherapeutic Approaches and their Disadvantages in Cancer Treatments Multidrug Resistance Drug Delivery to Tumors Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Drug Delivery and Diagnosis Targeting Tumor Cells Passive Targeting Active Targeting Detection of Tumors and Metastases using Nanoparticles Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeted Delivery of Nanoparticles to Increase Cellular Uptake for Higher MRI Resolution LHRH and its Receptors The Ligand Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone – LHRH Analogs of LHRH Receptors for LHRH Function–Signal Transduction Pathways LHRH Receptor-mediated Uptake LHRH Receptor Type II LHRH-bound Magnetic Nanoparticles Synthesis and Characterization Treatment using Hyperthermia Treatment using Lytic Peptides Destruction of Metastases through LHRH-SPION-Hecate Detection of Tumors and Metastases Targeted Delivery of SPION Contrast Agents for MRI In Vitro Studies on Receptor-targeted LHRH-SPION Uptake In Vivo Studies on Receptor-targeted LHRH-SPION Uptake Future Outlook Acknowledgments
POLITICAL THEOLOGY AND THE CRITIQUE OF MODERNITY: Facing the Challenges of the Present

This paper analyzes three distinct modern articulations of the concept of political theology: the French restoration, Carl Schmitt, and Johann B. Metz. An analysis of their assessments of modernity and the Enlightenment show the role that “exception” or “interruption” has within their critique of modernity. Because of the consequences of the appeal to “exception” by Schmitt and National Socialism, the United Nations, seeking to prevent such use, underscored collective legitimacy in its charter and declarations about human rights. The appeal to “exception” and “singularity” emerges again today in both the political advocacy of pre-emption and in the anti-modern critique of Enlightenment rationality. The use of “exception” in the twentieth century challenges political theology to work out a more nuanced relation to the language of rights and the cosmopolitanism of its ethics and democratic discourse.