cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Facets in LISTA

Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) use arrays of related concepts to capture the ontological content of a domain; hierarchical structures are typical of such systems. Some KOSs also employ sets of cross- conceptual descriptors that express different dimensions within a domain—facets. The recent increase in the prominence of facets and faceted systems has had major impact on the intension of the KO domain and this is visible in the domain’s literature. An interesting question is how the discourse surrounding facets in KO and in related domains such as information science might be described. The present paper reports one case study in an ongoing research project to investigate the discourse of facets in KO. In this particular case, the formal current research literature represented by inclusion in the “Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts, Full Text” (LISTA) database is analyzed to discover aspects of the research front and its ongoing discourse concerning facets. A dataset of 1682 citations was analyzed. Results show thinking concerning information retrieval and the semantic web resides alongside implementation of faceted searching and the growth of faceted thesauri. Faceted classification remains important to the discourse, but the use of facet analysis is linked directly to applied aspects of information science.
On R. Kahn's Attempt at Hiding Keynes's General Theory IS-LP (LM) Model from the Economics Profession: How Hicks's SI-LL (Hansen's IS-LM) Model Was Substituted for Keynes's IS-LP (LM) in the General Theory

A careful reading of Kahn’s 1978 Journal of Economic Literature article and his 1984 book, The Making of Keynes’s General Theory, demonstrate that he is trying to deceive his readers by hiding the fact that Keynes was the inventor and originator of the first IS-LM model, which Keynes would have designated as IS-LP, where LP stands for Liquidity Preference Function. Kahn was well aware of the fact that Keynes had introduced the IS-LP (LM) model in December 4th,1933 in a student lecture. He had read the 1934 draft copy of the General Theory where the model is present. He also read chapter 21 of the General Theory, especially pp.297-306. It is quite impossible for Kahn not to have covered Keynes’s explicit IS-LP (LM) analysis on pp.298-303 of the GT, given that he cites pages 297-298 and p.305 of the General Theory. Kahn deliberately attempts to mislead and deceive his readers about Keynes’s mathematical analysis on pp.304-306. This deception, duplicity and dishonesty on Kahn’s part was first explicitly noticed by Hutchison in 1977, although Hutchison barely scratches the surface of Kahn’s deceit and duplicity. The results of Kahn’s deception, along with the similar deceptions of Joan Robinson, was to create immense confusion. This confusion was instrumental in the creation of the myth that the General Theory was a vague and ambiguous book because Keynes, as a Marshallian methodologist, had refused to provide any formal, mathematical model of his theory in the General Theory because of the supposed radical uncertainty of the future. This then led to the “What did Keynes really mean in the General Theory” view of Keynes’s theory. The result was that Hicks’s inferior version of Keynes’s IS-LM was accepted as what Keynes had to have meant because at least it was clear, had some math in it, plus some graphs that economists could understand. The result was that Keynes’s original superior analysis and work was lost. The near unanimous belief among economists that Keynes’s GT is composed only of Keynes’s elegant, literary prose, and that he never provided any formal, mathematical model of his theory in the GT, is the result of their acceptance of a myth concocted by the Robinsons and R. Kahn. R. Kahn’s deliberate misrepresentation of Keynes’s mathematical analysis in chapter 21 on pp.304-306, as being composed of mere identities without any behavioral content, was aimed at misleading potential readers of that chapter so that pages 298-306 would be skipped over. Unfortunately, the Robinsons and Kahn have succeeded. It is now up to the historians of economic thought to correct this catastrophic, egregious error.
LONG-TERM OBSERVATION OF MULTIFOCAL METASTATIC INTRAOCULAR CARCINOID WITH ACQUIRED IRIS HETEROCHROMIA

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To report a unique case of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor unilaterally metastatic to the iris and ciliary body and bilaterally to the choroid that was conservatively followed. METHODS A 46-year-old woman presented with bilateral choroidal lesions and a left iris tumor. Ultrasound biomicroscopy disclosed a ciliary body component. A diagnosis of metastatic carcinoid tumor was made based on the clinical features. Rather than an excision, photodynamic therapy, or radiation treatment, as has been reported in all previous cases of carcinoid tumor metastatic to the iris, the patient was observed. RESULTS Excellent vision was maintained for 8 years. The iris tumor gradually enlarged, but the choroidal lesions remained unchanged. The iris with the carcinoid tumor gradually acquired a brown pigmentation; this is the first reported case of acquired iris heterochromia in the setting of carcinoid tumor. CONCLUSION We conclude, in cases of metastatic carcinoid in which visual acuity is excellent and the patient is asymptomatic, that observation of the ocular lesions is an acceptable course of action. The iris heterochromia is believed to have been caused by secretory factors produced by the tumor.
NMR in Flowing Superfluid 3He in Confined Geometries

The transverse NMR of superfluid 3He A and B has been studied as a function of flow velocity in two different channel geometries. In the A phase, for the parallel plate geometry, a fraction or all of the signal was found to shift to lower frequencies with flow. In addition, the NMR signal of the flowing liquid developed a time dependent structure under certain conditions. The signal of the static liquid confined between parallel plates was found to split for a field angle of 45° relative to the plates and for temperatures near the A-B transition. None of the above effects was observed in the B phase.
Waiting for the Anthropocene

AbstractThe idea that we are living in the Anthropocene, a new geological epoch defined by human activity, has gained substantial currency across the academy and with the broader public. Within the...
Genome-wide prediction of bacterial effectors across six secretion system types using a feature-based supervised learning framework

Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for hundreds of millions infections worldwide, including the emerging hospital-acquired infections and neglected tropical diseases in the third-world countries. Finding a fast and cheap way to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the bacterial infections is critical for efficient diagnostics and treatment. An important step towards understanding these mechanisms is discovering bacterial effectors, the proteins secreted into the host through one of the six common secretion system types. Unfortunately, current effector prediction methods are designed to specifically target one of three secretion systems, and no accurate "secretion system-agnostic" method is available. Here, we present PREFFECTOR, a computational feature-based approach to discover effectors in Gram-negative bacteria without prior knowledge on bacterial secretion system(s) or cryptic secretion signals. Our approach was first evaluated using several assessment protocols on a manually curated, balanced dataset of experimentally determined effectors across all six secretion systems as well as non-effector proteins. The evaluation revealed high accuracy of the top performing classifiers in PREFFECTOR, with the small false positive discovery rate across all six secretion systems. Our method was also applied to four bacteria that had limited knowledge on virulence factors or secreted effectors. PREFFECTOR web-server is freely available at: http://korkinlab.org/preffector.
Distributed Lock Management with RDMA: Decentralization without Starvation

Lock managers are a crucial component of modern distributed systems. However, with the increasing availability of fast RDMA-enabled networks, traditional lock managers can no longer keep up with the latency and throughput requirements of modern systems. Centralized lock managers can ensure fairness and prevent starvation using global knowledge of the system, but are themselves single points of contention and failure. Consequently, they fall short in leveraging the full potential of RDMA networks. On the other hand, decentralized (RDMA-based) lock managers either completely sacrifice global knowledge to achieve higher throughput at the risk of starvation and higher tail latencies, or they resort to costly communications in order to maintain global knowledge, which can result in significantly lower throughput. In this paper, we show that it is possible for a lock manager to be fully decentralized and yet exchange the partial knowledge necessary for preventing starvation and thereby reducing tail latencies. Our main observation is that we can design a lock manager primarily using RDMA's fetch-and-add (FA) operations, which always succeed, rather than compare-and-swap (CAS) operations, which only succeed if a given condition is satisfied. While this requires us to rethink the locking mechanism from the ground up, it enables us to sidestep the performance drawbacks of the previous CAS-based proposals that relied solely on blind retries upon lock conflicts. Specifically, we present DSLR (Decentralized and Starvation-free Lock management with RDMA), a decentralized lock manager that targets distributed systems running on RDMA-enabled networks. We demonstrate that, despite being fully decentralized, DSLR prevents starvation and blind retries by guaranteeing first-come-first-serve (FCFS) scheduling without maintaining explicit queues. We adapt Lamport's bakery algorithm to an RDMA-enabled environment with multiple bakers, utilizing only one-sided READ and atomic FA operations. Our experiments show that, on average, DSLR delivers 1.8x (and up to 2.8x) higher throughput than all existing RDMA-based lock managers, while reducing their mean and 99.9% latencies by 2.0x and 18.3x (and up to 2.5x and 47x), respectively.
Emerging therapies for mitochondrial diseases

For the vast majority of patients with mitochondrial diseases, only supportive and symptomatic therapies are available. However, in the last decade, due to extraordinary advances in defining the causes and pathomechanisms of these diverse disorders, new therapies are being developed in the laboratory and are entering human clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the current use of dietary supplement and exercise therapies as well as emerging therapies that may be broadly applicable across multiple mitochondrial diseases or tailored for specific disorders. Examples of non-tailored therapeutic targets include: activation of mitochondrial biogenesis, regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, bypass of biochemical defects, mitochondrial replacement therapy, and hypoxia. In contrast, tailored therapies are: scavenging of toxic compounds, deoxynucleoside and deoxynucleotide treatments, cell replacement therapies, gene therapy, shifting mitochondrial DNA mutation heteroplasmy, and stabilization of mutant mitochondrial transfer RNAs.
Favorable outcome with early initiation of VV-ECMO for unilateral lung disease in children.

Abstract Unilateral lung diseases such as unilateral pneumonia, trauma or pulmonary hemorrhage can cause profound hypoxemic respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. These disorders are characterized by marked asymmetry in lung mechanics, with the affected lung having a lower compliance compared to the healthier lung, and management involves complex strategies such as simultaneous independent lung ventilation. However, such strategies can be challenging in pediatric populations due to technical limitations, and also lead to ventilator induced lung injury. We report two unique cases that support the use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an alternative strategy for management of unilateral lung disease in children.
Oxidative stress upregulates Wnt signaling in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells through activation of disheveled

Abnormal retinal neovascularization associated with various retinopathies can result in irreversible vision loss. Although the mechanisms involved in this occurrence is unclear, increasing evidence suggests that aberrant Wnt signaling participates in the pathogenesis of abnormal neovascularization. Because Wnt signaling upregulation can be induced by oxidative stress through the activation of disheveled (DVL), a key molecule in the Wnt signaling pathway, we investigated whether oxidative stress can activate Wnt signaling and induce angiogenic phenotypes in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). We found that increased Wnt signaling activity, as well as enhanced angiogenic phenotypes, such as tube formation and cell migration, were detected in the hydrogen peroxide-treated HRMECs. Moreover, these effects were effectively suppressed by a small-molecule Wnt inhibitor targeting the PDZ domain of DVL. Therefore, we propose that targeting abnormal Wnt signaling at the DVL level with a small-molecule inhibitor may represent a novel approach in retinal neovascularization treatment and prevention.
ON A TIME-INDEPENDENT THEORY OF MULTICHANNEL QUANTUM MECHANICAL SCATTERING

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a time-independent theory of multichannel quantum mechanical scattering. In the continuing search for computationally viable theories of few body scattering, a number of variants of the Faddeev equations and their many-body generalizations have been proposed. The general method seems to develop equations for the scattering operators in the full N-body Hubert space. Problems such as uniqueness of solution and connectedness of the kernels of the resulting integral equations are dispatched in this full Hilbert space. At the end of the calculation, the projections onto the asymptotic scattering states are made. This chapter presents a study in which the projections onto the asymptotic states are made at the beginning and kept throughout the calculation. This approach is adopted because it is physically more natural, and it is hoped that it would lead to simpler equations for the transition operators.
Clinical and genetic analysis of ZTTK syndrome caused by SON heterozygous mutation c.394C>T.

Background The present study aims to summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of ZTTK syndrome. Methods The clinical and genetic data of a Chinese girl with severe growth and development delay, intellectual disability, and facial features were analyzed. Original articles on ZTTK syndrome published up to November 20l8 were identified from PubMed, Human Gene Mutation Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases using the keywords "ZTTK syndrome" and "SON". Results The patient was born small for gestational age, and had poor academic performance, delayed language development, and motor retardation. The patient's height was 113 cm (less than -3 SD), and had moles on the back skin and possessed facial features. A novel heterozygous mutation c.394C>T (p.Q132X) of SON was found in this patient, but the parents were normal. Conclusion The patient's clinical phenotype was consistent with ZTTK syndrome. The novel heterozygous mutation c.394C>T (p.Q132X) of SON was its pathogenic mutation, which has not been reported at home and abroad.
Introduction to Mentored Scholarship: Mirrors, Windows, and Doors to Understanding and Supporting Research in Human Development

Prior scholarship, especially in the behavioral and social sciences, has been based on narrow views of human development and particularly marked by the invisibility of minoritized youth. Responding...
ECG Biometric: Spoofing and Countermeasures

The increased need for access control has motivated a widespread deployment of biometric systems in the last few years. However, recent works indicate that some modalities are fragile and more susceptible to malicious presentation attacks. This has in turn led to the exploration of alternative modalities such as electrocardiogram (ECG) due to its individualized and ubiquitous nature, difficulty in copying, stealing, and/or spoofing, and well-studied acquisition and analysis in the medical domain. In this study, we show that it is indeed possible to exploit previously captured ECG signals. First, we develop a novel “cross-subject attack” where a short template of the victim’s ECG captured by an attacker is used to map the attacker’s ECG into the victim’s. Second, we explore “cross-device attacks” where mapping functions are used to replay ECGs collected on a device other than the victim’s device. Third, we explore countermeasures that utilize ECG signal characteristics such as heart rate variability and PPG signal to detect and reject fake samples. Simulation experiments are carried out using two freely available ECG databases under popular fiducial and non-fiducial features. Our proposed cross-device attack framework achieves 45% improvement in success rate compared with the previous state-of-the-art. Moreover, the attack success rate is degraded by 100% when our proposed countermeasure is employed.
Instance-Dependent ℓ ∞ -Bounds for Policy Evaluation in Tabular Reinforcement Learning

Markov reward processes (MRPs) are used to model stochastic phenomena arising in operations research, control engineering, robotics, and artificial intelligence, as well as communication and transportation networks. In many of these cases, such as in the policy evaluation problem encountered in reinforcement learning, the goal is to estimate the long-term value function of such a process without access to the underlying population transition and reward functions. Working with samples generated under the synchronous model, we study the problem of estimating the value function of an infinite-horizon discounted MRP with finite state space in the $\ell _{\infty }$ -norm. We analyze both the standard plug-in approach to this problem and a more robust variant, and establish non-asymptotic bounds that depend on the (unknown) problem instance, as well as data-dependent bounds that can be evaluated based on the observations of state-transitions and rewards. We show that these approaches are minimax-optimal up to constant factors over natural sub-classes of MRPs. Our analysis makes use of a leave-one-out decoupling argument tailored to the policy evaluation problem, one which may be of independent interest.
Animal ethics as a critique of animal agriculture, environmentalism, foodieism, locavorism, and clean meat

Abstract In this chapter I examine some of the key concepts and debates in the areas of environmental, food, and animal ethics. I look at some of the theoretical ethical arguments for ending animal exploitation and challenge some of the key justifications from those in the environmental, foodie, and locavore movements who are so attached to “humane” exploitation. I investigate whether so-called “clean meat” will end animal agriculture as we know it, and finally gesture toward what I see as the root cause of the suffering of countless sentient beings.
The diagnosis of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in the presence of gastrointestinal disorders: Opportunities to define shared mechanisms of symptom expression

OBJECTIVE Individuals with a gastrointestinal (GI) disorder often alter their diet to manage GI symptoms, adding complexity to understanding the diverse motivations contributing to food avoidance/restriction. When a GI disorder is present, the DSM-5 states that Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) can be diagnosed only when eating disturbance exceeds that expected. There is limited guidance to make this determination. This study attempts to address this gap by characterizing the presentation of ARFID in adults with and without a self-reported GI disorder. METHOD Participants were 2,610 adults ages 18-44 who self-identified as "picky eaters." Participants reported on motivations for food avoidance, affective experiences towards food, and perceived impairment. Responses were compared across four groups: GI issues and likely ARFID (L-ARFID/GI), L-ARFID-only, GI-only, and No-ARFID/No-GI. RESULTS Groups with a GI disorder (L-ARFID/GI, GI-only) reported more fear of aversive consequences of eating than those without a GI disorder, while groups with L-ARFID (L-ARFID, L-ARFID/GI) evidenced significantly greater sensory aversion to food and indifference to food or eating, negative emotional reactions to food and overall disgust sensitivity, and eating related impairment. DISCUSSION Consideration of the interplay of a GI disorder with ARFID can add precision to case conceptualization. Food avoidance may be attempts to manage fears of aversive consequences that are augmented by a history of GI symptoms, while sensory aversions and negative emotional reactions towards foods may be more elevated in ARFID. These findings emphasize the need to consider an ARFID diagnosis in patients with GI disorders to optimize care.
Saints and Sinners: How Does Delaware Corporate Law Work?

The paper provides a detailed examination of the evolution of Delaware corporate law in the regulation of management buyouts as a case study for understanding, more generally, how Delaware corporate law uses fiduciary duties to influence managers to act in the interests of shareholders. The goal of the paper is to understand better how corporate law works, that is, the mechanism by which corporate law constrains managers. The paper argues that the Delaware cases can best be understood as attempts to create social norms for senior managers, directors and the lawyers who advise them. The paper then sketches out (preliminarily) how these norms are transmitted to the principal actors (managers, directors and lawyers), drawing on the "A Memorandum to our Clients" genre, extrajudicial judicial utterances, and popular and trade press accounts. I then consider the implications of this reconceptualization for a variety of issues in corporate law, including: the consistency of the relative unpredictability of Delaware corporate law and its (presumed) superiority; the difference that the reconceptualization makes in how lawyers advise clients; and the role and value of shareholder litigation.
The super complex Frobenius theorem

We formulate and prove a super analogue of the complex Frobenius the- orem of Nirenberg. (Pj;Pk) = n X i=1 i jkPi; (Pj;Pk) = n X i=1 iPi + n X i=1 i jkPi;
Turning on the Lights: A Meta-Analysis of Residential Electricity Demand Elasticities

Meta-analysis is used to quantitatively summarize previous studies of residential electricity demand to determine if there are factors that systematically affect estimated elasticities. In this study, price and income elasticities of residential demand for electricity from previous studies are used as the dependent variables, with data characteristics, model structure, and estimation technique as independent variables, using both least square estimation of a semilog model and maximum likelihood estimation of a gamma model. The findings of this research can help better inform public policy makers, regulators, and utilities about the responsiveness of residential electricity consumers to price and income changes.
Structures of axon guidance molecules and their neuronal receptors.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structures of axon guidance molecules and their neuronal receptors. The Eph/ephrin ligand/receptor family is, by far, the best structurally characterized system. Recent structural and biochemical studies of semaphorins and of the Nogo receptor, a neuronal receptor that mediates the repulsive signals of several myelin-associated inhibitory proteins have been reviewed. The Eph receptors and the ephrins are divided into two subclasses (A and B) based on sequence conservation and their binding affinities. Ephs and ephrins also lead to transduction of a reverse signal into the ephrin-expressing cell. Eph and ephrin protein are broadly expressed during development but most abundant in the nervous system and, to a lesser extent, in vascular endothelium and specialized epithelia. The chapter discusses the structures and stoichiometry of eph/ephrin complex. The recent structural studies of Eph receptors, ephrins, and their complex suggest a likely mechanism for initiation of bi-directional signaling: Prior to cell-cell contact, Ephs and ephrins are loosely pre-clustered at the cell surface, and most likely in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts.
THERMAL INACTIVATION OF POLIOVIRUS UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS

Wallis, Craig (Baylor University, Houston, Texas) and Joseph L. Melnick. Thermal inactivation of poliovirus under anaerobic conditions. J. Bacteriol. 84: 389–392. 1962.—Of the six strains of poliovirus tested (three antigenic types), none was stabilized at 50 C under anaerobic conditions. The previously reported stabilization of polioviruses using thioglycolate had been attributed to anaerobic conditions. However, the sparing effect attained with high concentrations of thioglycolate was achieved as readily with other organic salts (benzoate, acetate) which could not be attributed to the anaerobic state. The viruses failed to be stabilized when low oxygen tension was obtained by dilute thioglycolate, l-cysteine, and nitrogen.
Measured effects of surface cloth impressions on polar backscatter and comparison with a reflection grating model

Integrated polar backscatter has been shown to have potential applications to composites, especially for the detection of matrix cracking, delaminations, fiber waviness, fiber fracture, inclusions and porosity [1–11]. The method was attractive because it avoided several measurement limitations inherent to conventional pulse echo techniques. Polar backscatter, however, has not been without its disadvantages. It has been reported that surface texture introduces unwanted artifacts in images made using the polar backscatter method [12]. One suggested method to overcome this limitation was the use of stripable coatings, which are paints that approximately match the impedance of the composite surface and have the effect of physically “smoothing” the surface impressions away [13]. After ultrasonic testing, these paints can be removed, but this method entails additional part handling and increases the cost of production.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in airway epithelial cells of the human fetus and infant.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive cells were identified within the epithelium of distal conducting airways in the human fetus and infant. Several peptides and amines, including calcitonin, have been identified previously within a specific population of airway epithelial cells. These cells, referred to as pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, are postulated to be airway chemoreceptors responsible for changes in ventilation and perfusion in response to changes in airway gas composition. Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive cells could be identified throughout the period of development studies (20 weeks gestation to 3 months of age), but were present in only limited numbers in less than 50% of individuals (n=23). In contrast, large numbers of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive cells were identified in 100% of infants (1–3 months, n=5) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The differential processing of mRNA transcribed from the calcitonin gene in neural and non-neural tissue suggests that calcitonin, rather than calcitonin gene-related peptide, is the primary product of translation in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. However, considering the potent vasodilatory and bronchoconstrictive effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide, its presence in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, even in small amounts, may be important in controlling pulmonary vaso- and/or bronchomotor tone. The presence of large numbers of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive cells in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia suggests that calcitonin gene-related peptide may be one further agent contributing to the pulmonary pathophysiology seen in this disease.
Rate-sensitive numerical analysis of dynamic responses of arched blast doors subjected to blast loading

Current practice in analysis and design of blast doors subjected to blast loading considers only simple boundary conditions and material properties. The boundary conditions and material properties, in fact, have considerable influence on the response of blast doors subjected to blast loading. In this paper, the dynamic responses of a reinforced concrete arched blast door under blast loading were analyzed by the finite element program ABAQUS, combined with a previously developed elasto-viscoplastic rate-sensitive material model. And the effect of the surrounding rock mass and contact effect of the doorframe were also taken into account in the simulation. It is demonstrated that the strain-rate effect has considerable influence on the response of reinforced concrete blast door subjected to blast loading and must be taken into account in the analysis.
The Effect of Heating on the Hydrogen-Ion Concentration and on the Titratable Acidity of Milk

Surprisingly little work has been reported on the changes in hydrogen-ion concentration and in titratable acidity which occur when milk is heated. Since the first factor is a major determinant in the coagulation of milk, and since both should give evidence as to the character and extent of chemical changes involving acids, a determination of these values over a considerable range of temperature and time of heating is desirable.
Low frequency hydrogen cosmology from space: The dark ages radio explorer

In New Worlds, New Horizons, Cosmic Dawn was singled out as one of the top astrophysics priorities for this decade. Specifically, the Astro2010 report asked “when and how did the first galaxies form out of cold clumps of hydrogen gas and start to shine—when was our cosmic dawn?” It proposed “astronomers must now search the sky for these infant galaxies and find out how they behaved and interacted with their surroundings.” This is the science objective of DARE - to search for the first stars, galaxies, and black holes via their impact on the intergalactic medium (IGM) as measured by the highly redshifted 21-cm hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen. DARE will probe redshifts of 11–35 (Dark Ages to Cosmic Dawn) with observed HI frequencies of 40–120 MHz. DARE will observe expected spectral features in the global signal of HI that correspond to stellar ignition (Lyman-alpha from the first stars coupling with the HI hyperfine transition), X-ray heating/ionization of the IGM from the first accreting black holes, and the beginning of reionization (signal dominated by IGM ionization fraction). We propose to observe these spectral features with a broad-beam bi-conical dipole antenna along with a receiver and digital spectrometer that has high heritage from the ground-based EDGES experiment. We will place DARE in lunar orbit and take data only above the farside, a location known to be free of human-generated RFI and with a negligible ionosphere. In this talk, I will present the mission concept including initial results from engineering prototypes deployed in Green Bank and in Western Australian which are designed to perform end-to-end validation of the instrument and our calibration techniques, and to constrain systematic chromatic corruption produced by the ionosphere. I will also describe our signal extraction tool, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique, which measures the parameterized spectral features in the presence of substantial Galactic and solar system foregrounds.
THE 1:1 INTERNALLY RESONANT RESPONSE OF A CANTILEVER BEAM ATTACHED TO A ROTATING BODY

Abstract Modal coupling in the dynamics of a cantilever beam attached to a rotating body is investigated using a coupled, non-linear three-degree-of-freedom model which includes the effects of centrifugal stiffening. The near-resonant response of two lateral modes (one in-plane and one out-of-plane as defined by the plane of rotation) driven by a peridoic out-of-plane excitation is examined for the case in which the natural frequencies of the lateral modes are commensurate in a near one-to-one ratio. The existence and stability of periodic solutions are examined using a second order perturbation analysis. Regions in the system parameter space are identified where single- or multi-mode response may occur. Typical responses involve Hopf, saddle node and pitchfork bifurcations.
Temperature studies with the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri: cold hardiness and temperature thresholds for oviposition.

This study was conducted to obtain information on the cold hardiness of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Florida and to assess upper and lower temperature thresholds for oviposition. The psyllid is an important pest in citrus because it transmits the bacterial pathogens responsible for citrus greening disease, Huanglongbing, considered the most serious citrus disease worldwide. D. citri was first found in Florida during 1998, and the disease was discovered during 2005. Little was known regarding cold hardiness of D. citri, but Florida citrus is occasionally subjected to notable freeze events. Temperature and duration were each significant sources of variation in percent mortality of D. citri subjected to freeze events. Relatively large percentages of adults and nymphs survived after being exposed for several hours to temperatures as low as -5 to -6° C. Relatively large percentages of eggs hatched after being exposed for several hours to temperatures as low as -8° C. Research results indicated that adult D. citri become cold acclimated during the winter through exposure to cooler winter temperatures. There was no evidence that eggs became cold acclimated during winter. Cold acclimation in nymphs was not investigated. Research with adult D. citri from laboratory and greenhouse colonies revealed that mild to moderate freeze events were usually nonlethal to the D. citri irrespective of whether they were cold acclimated or not. Upper and lower temperature thresholds for oviposition were investigated because such information may be valuable in explaining the geographic distribution and potential spread of the pest from Florida as well as how cooler winter temperatures might limit population growth. The estimated lower and upper thresholds for oviposition were 16.0 and 41.6° C, respectively; the estimated temperature of peak oviposition over a 48 h period was 29.6° C.
The public library planning process : Its impact on collection development policies and practices

ABSTRACT Public libraries have derived numerous benefits from their use of the PLA planning process. Many libraries have used the process to improve their collection development policies and practices and to make fundamental changes in their collection's focus and content. This article reports on the process's impact on collection development at more than 255 libraries.
Translation of foot-and-mouth disease virion RNA and processing of the primary cleavage products in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate.

Abstract Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virion RNA was translated completely in a micrococcal nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. The proteins synthesized in vitro were identified (1) on polyacrylamide gels by comparison with virus-specific proteins synthesized in infected cells and authentic virion proteins and (2) on cation exchange columns by comparison of their tryptic peptides to those of virion proteins. The kinetics of appearance of the in vitro synthesized polypeptides was similar to that reported in vivo and the primary products were processed efficiently into virus-specific proteins P56, P43 (VP 0 ), P37, P22, and P12. Processing of primary products P50 and P93 was not as efficient in the absence of exogenous tRNA as in its presence, and only occurred after translation of a region of the genome distal to these polypeptides. The synthesis of an active proteolytic processing enzyme, apparently coded for by FMD virion RNA, was demonstrated.
A bioenergetic budget for overwintering newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) from southern Ohio : their fat reserves and aerobic metabolic rates in water

Abstract 1. 1. Red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) remain active throughout the winter. Locomotor costs and fat reserves of newts from southern Ohio were investigated to determine their energy balance under winter food shortage. 2. 2. A magnetic rotating respirometer was devised to exercise the newts, acclimated at 5 or 25°C, at speeds of 0, 30, 60 and 90cm/min and at 1, 5 and 25°C. 3. 3. Our results suggest that this device is useful for studying the locomotor metabolism of small ectotherms. 4. 4. The metabolic rates were incorporated into a total energy budget. 5. 5. Fat reserves were determined for the newts before and after a 55% reduction of their body mass. 6. 6. Oxygen consumption increased with speed at both 1 and 5°C, but differences among treatments were not significant. 7. 7. Oxygen uptake at 25°C was significantly higher than that at 1 or 5°C. 8. 8. Metabolic rates at 25°C increased to a plateau when the newts moved at 30 cm/min or higher speeds. 9. 9. Transport costs for the newts decreased as locomotion speed increased. 10. 10. Newts can store at least 85 mg fat prior to winter. This could support low levels of activity for a minimum of 78 days at low winter temperatures. 11. 11. Red-spotted newts thus appear to be capable of remaining active and surviving winter without ingesting food.
Maternal intervention in sub-clinical sibling coercion

Abstract Sibling dyads, aged 4 to 12, were surreptitiously observed on two occasions during free play in the home. Mothers were absent during baseline observations. During the experimental session mothers were present and either ignored sibling coercion (Ignore Condition) or verbally intervened (Reprimand Condition). Reprimands consisted of a “stop-it” statement plus rationale and redirection. Children in the reprimand condition displayed lower rates of coercion and higher probabilities of skillful verbal reasoning than children in the Ignore Condition. Aversive sibling reactions to coercion were unaffected by the experimental manipulation. Theoretical implications, methodological limitations, and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Edema associated with improved glycemic control in an adolescent with type 1 diabetes

5. Barnes GP, Bowles WF III, Carter HG. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: a survey of 218 cases. J Periodontol 1973;44:35-42. 6. Jimenez ML, Ramos J, Garrington G, Baer PN. The familial occurrence of acute necrotizing gingivitis in children in Colombia, South America. J Periodontol 1969;40:414-6. 7. Kardachi B J, Clarke NG. Aetiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: a hypothetical explanation. J Periodontol 1974;45:830-2. 8. Pindborg J J, Bhat M, Devanath KR, Narayana HR, Ramachandra S. Occurrence of acute necrotizing gingivitis in South Indian children. J Periodontol 1966;7:14-7. 9. Moffet HL. Pediatric infectious diseases. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1981:22. 10. Hirschfeld I. Vincent's infection of the mouth: clinical incidents in its diagnosis and treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 1934;21:768-83. 11. Brucker M. Gingivitis and Vincent's infection in children. J Dent Child 1956;23:116-34. 12. Heylings RT. Electron microscopy of acute ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent's type). Br Dent J 1967;122:51-6.
Efficacy of the Calcium Salt and Free Acid Forms of Methionine Hydroxy Analog for Chicks

Abstract Four chick assays were conducted to assess the efficacy of commercially available DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyrate in both the calcium salt (OH-M) and free-acid (OH-MFA) forms and a freeze-dried preparation of OH-methionine free acid polymers (OH-MFAP) relative to DL-methionine (DL-M). Young male New Hampshire × Columbian chicks were fed chemically-defined diets devoid of sulfur amino acid (SAA), or methionine-deficient semipurified feather meal diets supplemented with graded levels of DL-M to produce a linear growth response, or OH-M, OH-MFA, or OH-MFAP at a level isosulfurous to the highest addition of DL-M. The slope-ratio procedure was used to estimate the molar efficacies of OH-M, OH-MFA, and OH-MFAP relative to DL-M. Comparative toxicities of these compounds were also determined. OH-M, OH-MFA, and OH-MFAP were inferior to DL-M when fed as the sole source of SAA in a chemically-defined diet. Molar efficacies of OH-M and OH-MFA relative to DL-M were 87% and 78%, respectively. The OH-MFAP had an efficacy value of 69%, an indication that the trimers and higher-order polymers may not possess full M activity. All OH-methionine compounds were inferior to DL-M as sources of supplemental M in the feather meal diet. Molar efficacies of OH-M and OH-MFA were 84% and 77%, respectively. Again, OH-MFAP was inferior t o DL-M, OH-M, and OH-MFA. Thus, OH-MFAP had an efficacy of only 54%. The distinct superiority of DL-M over OH-M and OH-MFA in the feather meal diet was unexpected, but it may be explained by the diet's extreme deficiency of M coupled with an excess of cystine. Toxicity, as judged by magnitude of growth depression and severity of hemolytic anemia together with splenic hemosiderosis, was lower for the M analogs than for DL-M.
ON THE NATURE OF THE COMPANION TO HD 114762

The results of a recent study of coplanarity tendencies between stellar-equatorial and binary-orbital planes are applied to the low-metal F9 V star HD 114762, for which a possible substellar companion was reported by Latham et al. (1989). High-resolution spectroscopy is performed on HD 114762 in order to extract its projected rotational velocity (v sin i). This is then combined with an expected rotational velocity determined via age-scaling, providing an estimate of the star's equatorial inclination, which then combined with the results of the coplanarity study provides an approximate indication of the companion's orbital inclination. Although the formal uncertainties in this process preclude an accurate estimate of the companion's inclination, the results suggest that the inclination is low, possibly low enough to force the companion's mass above the limit for hydrogen fusion. It is thus possible the companion may be nothing more exotic than a low-mass M star, as opposed to a brown dwarf. These results add support to a similar conclusion recently obtained by Cochran et al. (1991).
A latent semantic analysis methodology for the identification and creation of personas

A persona represents a group of target users that share common behavioral characteristics. By using a narrative, picture, and name, a persona provides HCI practitioners with a vivid and specific design target. This research develops a new methodology for the identification and creation of personas through the application of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). An application of the LSA methodology is provided in the context of the design of an Institutional Repository system. The LSA methodology helps overcome some of the drawbacks of current methods for the identification and creation of personas, and makes the process less subjective, more efficient, and less reliant on specialized skills.
A Global Survey of Static Stability in the Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere

Abstract Static stability is a fundamental dynamical quantity that measures the vertical temperature stratification of the atmosphere. However, the magnitude and structure of finescale features in this field are difficult to discern in temperature data with low vertical resolution. In this study, the authors apply more than six years of high vertical resolution global positioning system radio occultation temperature profiles to document the long-term mean structure and variability of the global static stability field in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. The most pronounced feature in the long-term mean static stability field is the well-known transition from low values in the troposphere to high values in the stratosphere. Superposed on this general structure are a series of finer-scale features: a minimum in static stability in the tropical upper troposphere, a broad band of high static stability in the tropical stratosphere, increases in static stability within the core of the stratospheric polar ...
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Lid-Driven Cavity Due to an Oscillatory Thin Fin: Periodic State

A computational study of periodic laminar flow and heat transfer within a lid-driven square cavity due to an oscillating thin fin is presented. The lid moves from left to right and a thin fin positioned perpendicular to the right stationary wall oscillates in the horizontal direction. The length of the fin varies sinusoidally with its mean length and amplitude equal to 10 and 5 percent of the side of the cavity, respectively. Two Reynolds numbers of 100 and 1000 with a Pr = 1 fluid were considered. For a given convection time scale (tconv ), fin’s oscillation periods (τ) were selected in order to cover both slow (τ/tconv >1) and fast (τ/tconv <1) oscillation regimes, covering a Strouhal number range of 0.005 to 0.5. The number of the cycles needed to reach the periodic state for the flow (Nf ) and thermal (Nt ) fields increases as the fin oscillates faster with Nf < Nt . The periodic flow field for the case with Re = 1000 and TR = 10 is distinguished by the creation, lateral motion and subsequent wall impingement of a CCW rotating vortex within the lower half of the cavity. Periodic flow and thermal fields of the other nine cases studied were not as varied. Phase diagrams of the stream function and temperature vs. fin’s length clearly exhibit the synchronous behavior of the system. Amplitude of fluctuations of the kinetic energy and temperature are very intense near the fin. As the fin oscillates slower, a greater portion of the cavity exhibits intense fluctuations. For slow to moderate oscillations, the maximum value of Kamp is observed to be greater for Re = 1000 in comparison to Re = 100. For fast oscillations, this behavior is reversed. The maximum values of the amplitude of fluctuations of temperature increase monotonically as the fin oscillates slower. The maximum values of θamp are greater for Re = 1000 compared to Re = 100. The amplitude of fluctuations of the mean Nusselt number on four walls increase as the fin oscillates slower.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders in Children

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are rare disorders that have potentially devastating effects on the developing brain. Recently, there has been increased interest in possible immunotherapy for these disorders. Recognition of paraneoplastic syndromes in children may lead to early detection and treatment of the pediatric cancer and may diminish the neurologic damage that is the major source of morbidity in children with successfully treated tumors. This article reviews the presenting symptoms, immunology, long-term sequelae, and management options for paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, focusing on those most commonly reported in children: opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia, limbic encephalitis, and anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The child neurologist plays an important role in recognizing these disorders, initiating a tumor search, and directing ongoing treatment and management of neurologic symptoms after oncologic treatment is complete. Given the rarity of these conditions, multisite collaborative efforts are needed to develop standardized approaches to characterization and treatment.
Synthesis and molecular recognition studies of pyrrole sulfonamides

We report the synthesis and characterization of the pyrrole sulfonamide as a new class of potential molecular receptors, including conformational analysis and molecular recognition studies for four pyrrole sulfonamide derivatives.