cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REDUCTION OF HETEROCYCLIC ALCOHOLS WITH SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE-TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID. PREPARATION OF bis-HETEROCYCLIC METHANES

(1991). REDUCTION OF HETEROCYCLIC ALCOHOLS WITH SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE-TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID. PREPARATION OF bis-HETEROCYCLIC METHANES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 403-411.
A 1.7 kb/s MELP coder with improved analysis and quantization

This paper describes our new mixed excitation linear predictive (MELP) coder designed for very low bit rate applications. This new coder, through algorithmic improvements and enhanced quantization techniques, produces better speech quality at 1.7 kb/s than the new U.S. Federal Standard MELP coder at 2.4 kb/s. Key features of the coder are an improved pitch estimation algorithm and a line spectral frequencies (LSF) quantization scheme that requires only 21 bits per frame. With channel coding, this new MELP coder is capable of maintaining good speech quality even in severely degraded channels, at a total bit rate of only 3 kb/s.
Increased Anxiety and Length of Treatment Associated With Depressed Patients Who are Readmitted to Collaborative Care.

In 2008, the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI) in Minnesota implemented a model of collaborative care management (CCM) for treatment of depression in primary care. This resulted in significant improvements on both clinical response and remission over usual care, although an increase in utilization metrics has been observed. Mental health comorbidities have previously been significantly associated with an increased likelihood of not responding to initial treatment. This retrospective study hypothesized that patients with mental health comorbidities are more likely to be associated with patients who were readmitted into CCM with recurrent depression. A total of 145 patients who had completed CCM were studied; of these, 32 were diagnosed with recurrent depression and were readmitted to CCM, and 113 were in remission for at least 4 months. There were no statistically significant demographic differences between the 2 groups. The initial screening GAD-7 score for anxiety was significantly increa...
GENETIC STUDIES OF SERUM ANTIGENS IN SPECIES HYBRIDS

TUDIES of serum proteins in taxonomy had their beginnings with the classical work of NUTTALL (1904) who used the antigenic properties of sera as criteria for classification. Subsequently, numerous studies were made of serum differences between species. In these studies in vitro precipitation of serum-antiserum mixtures was employed to distinguish sera either by the degree of flocculation or the presence or absence of an interfacial ring. The results of these investigations were summarized by LANDSTEINER and VAN DER SCHEER (1924, 1940). The differences found in the sera of species were quantitative in that antisera reacted more strongly with the serum of the homologous than of heterologous species. Relatively few studies were made in which the serum antigens of one species could be sharply differentiated from those of another. SASAKI (1937) reported that he was able to differentiate the serum of the White Leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus) from that of the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) by absorbing antisera to one species with the serum of the heterologous species. According to SASAKI (1935) similar results had been obtained previously by ISHIHARA and MISAO in their studies of carp and by SASAKI in an investigation of a species cross in ducks. In a series of papers CUMLEY and IRWIN (1940, 1942, 1943, 1952) reported that segregation of serum antigens occurs among backcross progeny of species and generic hybrids in accordance with an hypothesis of unifactorial inheritance. The genes responsible for the serum specificities are not the same as the causative genes for the differentiating cellular substances and may be independent of or loosely linked to these genes. More recently there have been a number of intraspecific studies implicating genes in the formation or properties of serum proteins. THOMPSON, FOSTER, GOWEN, and TAUBER (1954) reported differences among strains of mice with respect to the globulin component as determined electrophoretically. There were also differences among the mouse strains with respect to the total serum protein content. A protein with hemoglobin binding properties, i.e. haptoglobin, has been studied in man by SMITHIES and WALKER ( 1956). They presented family data to support their hypothesis that the synthesis of the haptoglobins is under the control of a two allele system. Evidence in support of this hypothesis has also been obtained by F. GALATIUS-JENSEN (1957). Genetic control of protein synthesis is also indicated in the suggestive evidence that the
Curcumin-derived green plasticizers for poly(vinyl) chloride

The efficient synthesis of curcumin-diesters, which serve as green plasticizers for poly (vinyl) chloride (PVC), is reported. The plasticizers lower the glass transition temperature of PVC, and their cytotoxicity and leaching-resistance properties are significantly better than commercially used phthalate plasticizers which have several limitations.
A low-power 8-bit SAR ADC for a QCIF image sensor

In this paper, we report on an 8-bit auto-calibrating successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for ultra-low power image sensors. The fabricated design includes an on-chip bandgap voltage reference and a tunable clock generator in addition to the SAR ADC core circuitry. Aside from two power pins, the design uses only one extra pin to output the digitized samples serially. Power consumption for the design is 21µW at 0.8V supply voltage, and it is 32µW including ancillary circuits. The sampling rate varies from 370kS/s to 1.6MS/s depending on the supply voltage. The design occupies an area of 0.2mm2 in a 0.18µm CMOS process, of which 0.073mm2 is for the SAR ADC core.
Use of a Hydrogel-Coated Self-Expandable Coil to Salvage a Failed Transcatheter Embolization of a Mesenteric Hemorrhage

HydroCoil (MicroVention, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) is a self-expanding detachable coil developed to improve the endovascular occlusion of intracranial aneurysms. The hydrogel polymer covering the microcoil expands to several times its original diameter to enhance thrombosis of the intended vessel. We made use of this new technology to occlude a mesenteric artery pseudoaneurysm that failed superselective embolization with standard microcoils.
Lawlessness and Economics: Alternative Modes of Governance

The article reviews the book “Lawlessness and Economics: Alternative Modes of Governance,” by Avinash K. Dixit.
Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Geothermal Systems

In areas of anomalously high crustal heat flow, geothermal systems transfer heat to the Earth’s surface often forming surface expressions such as hot springs, fumaroles, heated ground, and associated mineral deposits. Geothermal systems are increasingly important as sources of renewable energy, or as natural wonders of protected status attracting tourists, and their study is relevant to monitoring deeper magmatic processes. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing provides a unique tool for mapping the surface expressions of geothermal activity as applied to the exploration for new geothermal power resources and long term monitoring studies. In this chapter, we present a review of TIR remote sensing for investigations of geothermal systems. This includes a discussion on the applications of TIR remote sensing to the mapping of surface temperature anomalies associated with geothermal activity, measurements of near-surface heat fluxes associated with these features as input into monitoring and resource assessment, and the mapping of surface mineral indicators of both active and recently active hydrothermal systems.
Application of an Integrated Flow and DBD Plasma Actuation Model to a High-Lift Airfoil: Part I — RANS

An integrated numerical simulation tool that couples the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) or the large eddy simulation (LES) solver for incompressible flows with the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) body force model has been developed. The EHD body force model is based on solving the electrostatic equations for the electric potential due to applied voltage and the net charge density due to ionized air. The boundary condition for the charge density on the dielectric surface is obtained from a Space-Time Lumped-Element (STLE) circuit model that accounts for the time and space dependence of air ionization on the input voltage amplitude, frequency, electrode geometry, and dielectric properties. The development of the numerical simulation tool is based on the framework of NavyFOAM using a multi-domain approach. The electric potential equation, the net charge density equation, and the flow equations are solved in separate computational domains. All equations are discretized in space using the cell-centered finite volume method. Parallel computation is implemented using domain-decomposition and message passing interface (MPI). Due to a large disparity in time scales between the electric discharge and the flow, a multiple sub-cycle technique is used in coupling the plasma solver and the flow solver.This paper focuses on its application to numerical simulation of flow separation and control over a high-lift flapped airfoil at a Reynolds number of 240,000. The 2-D unsteady RANS simulation utilized the Wilcox k-ω, the SST k-ω, and the k-kl-ω turbulence models. For the baseline case, in comparison with the measurement, the k-kl-ω model captures the feature of the unsteadiness of flow field associated with flow separation and shedding of vortices, better than the Wilcox k-ω and SST k-ω models. In the RANS simulations for flow separation control with DBD plasma actuation, the actuator is driven by voltage signals of a continuous or an amplitude-modulated sine waveform with a range of voltage amplitudes. The numerical results indicate that the modulated forcing is more effective than the continuous forcing for a certain range of applied voltages. The electrical power consumption calculated by the plasma model fits to a parabolic curve as a function of the root-mean-square of applied voltage.
Promoting Stress Management and Wellbeing in Educators: Feasibility and Efficacy of a School-Based Yoga and Mindfulness Intervention

We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of the Community Approach to Learning Mindfully (CALM) program for educators. CALM is a brief daily school-based intervention to promote educator social-emotional competencies, stress management, and wellbeing. Two middle schools were randomly assigned to waitlist control condition or the CALM program. Participants included 64 educators. Intervention sessions included gentle yoga and mindfulness practices and were offered 4 days per week for 16 weeks. Pre- and posttest measurements included self-report surveys of social-emotional functioning and wellbeing, blood pressure readings, and diurnal assays of cortisol. Compared to the control condition, CALM had significant benefits for educators’ mindfulness, positive affect, classroom management, distress tolerance, physical symptoms, blood pressure, and cortisol awakening response. There were trend-level effects for two measures related to stress and burnout. No impacts were observed for relational trust, perceived stress, or sleep. Effect sizes for significant impacts ranged from 0.52 to 0.80. Educators found the intervention feasible and beneficial as a method for managing stress and promoting wellbeing. Initial evidence suggests that CALM has potential as a strategy to improve educators’ social-emotional competence and wellbeing, prevent stress-related problems, and support classroom functioning.
Violence Against Women: A Comparative Analysis of Progress on Women's Human Rights

This paper attempts to account for cross-national and cross-temporal patterns of government action on violence against women. Our theoretical approach focuses on the interaction between the mobilization of women’s movements and the institutional context. But, we argue, the balance of domestic and international factors varied in different regions and over time. Between 1975 and 2005, an international norm developed treating violence against women as a fundamental question of human rights. This shaped the relative importance of domestic and international factors for state policy. As this suggests, countries that adopted policies on violence against women later were more influenced by international norms than were early adopters (like Canada and Australia). In our latest cross-section, international influences came to have more weight than domestic factors. Our unique dataset allows us to show both the power of the general argument and the ways the process varies across countries, regions and over time.This analytic approach gives us more insight into patterns of government response to violence against women over time and around the world than explanations focusing on political parties, electoral systems, culture, religion and the number of women in government. This is not true for all areas of women’s rights, however. The nature of the violence issue - touching upon women’s status as a group and the social value and meaning of women’s bodies - renders women’s mobilization and international institutions particularly important. The salience of these variables also owes to the relative absence of religious activism (in contrast to issues such as abortion or family law) and activism on the part of organized economic interests such as unions or chambers of commerce (as is the case for policies on parental leave and child care).
Volatility forecasts for option valuations.

We document several problems with GARCH type model predictions over the multi-day horizons common to option valuations and value-at-risk models. One, GARCH model forecasts of the return standard deviation - the most common volatility measure and the most appropriate for option valuation and value-at-risk models - are positively biased. Two, the bias is especially severe following high volatility days. Three, in forecasting volatility over longer horizons, the GARCH model puts too little weight on older observations relative to the more recent observations. That is older observations are more important in forecasting volatility next month than in forecasting volatility tomorrow while the GARCH procedure treats them equally at both horizons. We present a simple unbiased regression estimator of the standard deviation of returns which avoids these problems. We find it forecasts better out-of-sample than GARCH, EGARCH, and historical volatility across a wide variety of markets and forecast horizons.
EFFECT OF La ON SNOEK-KE-K■STER PEAK IN Fe-P-N ALLOY

Effect of various contents of La additive in Fe-P-N alloy on their Snoek-Ke-Koster (SKK) internal friction peak was found to be related to atomic concentra- tion ratio, C_(La)/ C_P. La may intensify obviously the damping of SKK if C_(La)/ C_P≥2.6, and af- fect no more if C_(La)/ C_P=0.27 and P in supersatureation.
Crusoe Then and Now

Robinson Crusoe is about living alone and liking it — about preferring solitude to society. It is about turning one’s back on one’s fellow man because self-sufficiency is the largest and most satisfying sort of fulfillment. There is an inference to be drawn from its instant and continuing success; the book was, and is, timely. Why the celebration of solitude should command such wide attention is, in part at least, an historical question, and within the framework of the answer lies the possibility of understanding more fully both the age and its greatest novel. To begin with Defoe himself: he was, notoriously, an opportunist — thank goodness, for opportunism is the essence of art; but like every other writer Defoe knew that he must take his fair hour in the light of the absolute necessity to be understood by the readers whom he knew he must woo and win if his art was to succeed. The readily available models on which he built were the spiritual autobiography and the castaway account; and these he blended with rare force and unique success. George Starr and J. Paul Hunter have already demonstrated at length the importance of the fact that Defoe had ready to hand the structure of an improving relation based on the crucial fact of conversion (Starr, chapter three; Hunter, chapter six).
eHealth literacy in chronic disease patients: An item response theory analysis of the eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS)

Abstract Background Chronic disease patients are affected by low computer and health literacy, which negatively affects their ability to benefit from access to online health information. Objective To estimate reliability and confirm model specifications for eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) scores among chronic disease patients using Classical Test (CTT) and Item Response Theory techniques. Methods A stratified sample of Black/African American ( N =341) and Caucasian ( N =343) adults with chronic disease completed an online survey including the eHEALS. Item discrimination was explored using bi-variate correlations and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. A categorical confirmatory factor analysis tested a one-factor structure of eHEALS scores. Item characteristic curves, in-fit/outfit statistics, omega coefficient, and item reliability and separation estimates were computed. Results A 1-factor structure of eHEALS was confirmed by statistically significant standardized item loadings, acceptable model fit indices (CFI/TLI>0.90), and 70% variance explained by the model. Item response categories increased with higher theta levels, and there was evidence of acceptable reliability (ω=0.94; item reliability=89; item separation=8.54). Conclusion eHEALS scores are a valid and reliable measure of self-reported eHealth literacy among Internet-using chronic disease patients. Practice implications Providers can use eHEALS to help identify patients' eHealth literacy skills.
Rhetorical prehistory and the Paleolithic

ABSTRACTI contribute to a prehistory of rhetoric by exploring early rhetorical practices in the Paleolithic era. Using new materialist methodologies (Karen Barad, Andy Clark), I theorize how humans are constitutively entangled with material environments and objects. I also emphasize a materialist historiographic method that seeks bottom-up, emergent explanations for cultural innovations. I propose two rhetorical forms in the Paleolithic: first, rhetoric as an emergent development stemming from increased sociomaterial complexity, performed via plaques, beads, pigments, and spatial arrangement; and second, rhetoric as integrated into mysterious cave rituals, which are given lasting inscription in the famous cave images. Contemporary theories argue that some of the cave imagery stems from visions achieved through altered states, but we might well understand such states as something environed—a capacity of human beings elevated to a techne and performed via the material affordances of cave properties. These c...
MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP) modulates small GTPases RhoA and Cdc42 via transforming growth factor β1 to enhance epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the decisive steps regulating cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition require further clarification. MDA-9/syntenin (SDCBP) expression is elevated in breast cancer patient samples as well as cultured breast cancer cells. Silencing expression of MDA-9 in mesenchymal metastatic breast cancer cells triggered a change in cell morphology in both 2D- and 3D-cultures to a more epithelial-like phenotype, along with changes in EMT markers, cytoskeletal rearrangement and decreased invasion. Conversely, over expressing MDA-9 in epithelial non-metastatic breast cancer cells instigated a change in morphology to a more mesenchymal phenotype with corresponding changes in EMT markers, cytoskeletal rearrangement and an increase in invasion. We also found that MDA-9 upregulated active levels of known modulators of EMT, the small GTPases RhoA and Cdc42, via TGFβ1. Reintroducing TGFβ1 in MDA-9 silenced cells restored active RhoA and cdc42 levels, modulated cytoskeletal rearrangement and increased invasion. We further determined that MDA-9 interacts with TGFβ1 via its PDZ1 domain. Finally, in vivo studies demonstrated that silencing the expression of MDA-9 resulted in decreased lung metastasis and TGFβ1 re-expression partially restored lung metastases. Our findings provide evidence for the relevance of MDA-9 in mediating EMT in breast cancer and support the potential of MDA-9 as a therapeutic target against metastatic disease.
AB0399 Real-World Experience with Tofacitinib vs Adalimumab (ADA), Etanercept (ETN) and Abatacept (ABA) in Biologic-Experienced Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Data from A US Administrative Claims Database

Background Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of RA. Limited real-world data exist comparing tofacitinib with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) in biologic-experienced (BE) RA patients (pts). Objectives To compare pt characteristics, treatment patterns and costs in BE RA pts receiving tofacitinib vs ADA, ETN and ABA using US claims data. Methods This retrospective cohort study included pts aged ≥18 years with RA (ICD9: 714.0x–714.4x; 714.81) and ≥1 tofacitinib (identified first) or bDMARD claim in the Truven MarketScan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental healthcare claims database (01/11/2012–31/10/2014). Pts were continuously enrolled for ≥12 months (mos) pre- /post-index and had 1 bDMARD pre-index (due to greater imbalance in number of tofacitinib/bDMARD pts with ≥2 prior bDMARDs). Monotherapy was defined as absence of select conventional synthetic DMARDs within 90 days post-index. Outcomes were treatment persistence (index refills without a 60-day gap after prescription/administration days9 supply expiration), adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]), and 12-mo pre-/post-index RA-related costs. Adjusted analyses were performed using generalized linear models, which included demography, disease status/duration and pre-index therapy variables; 12-mo pre-index costs were included for cost-related dependent variables. Results 392 tofacitinib, 178 ADA, 118 ETN and 191 ABA pts met selection criteria. 12-mo pre-index bDMARD use was most common for tofacitinib (78%) vs ADA (60%), ETN (49%) and ABA (48%) pts (all p Conclusions More BE pts started tofacitinib vs ADA, ETN and ABA after recent (prior 12 mos) bDMARD use; BE tofacitinib pts had the highest proportion of monotherapy use. Persistence and adherence were at least similar for tofacitinib and bDMARD pts. Tofacitinib pts had lower adjusted RA-related total costs post-index vs bDMARD pts. Acknowledgement Study sponsored by Pfizer Inc. Editorial support provided by K Munn of Complete Medical Communications and funded by Pfizer Inc. Disclosure of Interest J. Harnett Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, R. Gerber Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, D. Gruben Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, A. Koenig Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, C. Chen Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension.

Background Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a sustained fall in blood pressure on standing that can cause symptoms of organ hypoperfusion. OH is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and leads to a significant number of hospital admissions, particularly in the elderly (233 per 100,000 patients >75 years of age in the United States). OH can result from volume depletion, blood loss, large varicose veins, medications, or because of defective activation of sympathetic nerves and reduced norepinephrine release on standing (i.e., neurogenic OH). Methods and Findings A literature review shows that neurogenic OH is a frequent and disabling problem in patients with synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure, and it is commonly associated with supine hypertension. Several pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapeutic options are available. Conclusions Here we review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of neurogenic OH, and provide an algorithm for its treatment, emphasizing the importance of removing aggravating factors, implementing nonpharmacologic measures, and selecting appropriate pharmacological treatments.
An Asset Management Approach to Continuous Integration of Heterogeneous Biomedical Data

Increasingly, advances in biomedical research are the result of combining and analyzing heterogeneous data types from different sources, spanning genomic, proteomic, imaging, and clinical data. Yet despite the proliferation of data-driven methods, tools to support the integration and management of large collections of data for purposes of data driven discovery are scarce, leaving scientists with ad hoc and inefficient processes. The scientific process could benefit significantly from lightweight methods for data integration that allow for exploratory, incrementally refined integration of heterogeneous data. In this paper, we address this problem by introducing a new asset management based approach designed to support continuous integration of biomedical data. We describe the system and our experiences using it in the context of several scientific applications.
Development of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowship Programs following the Deadline for Senior Accreditation

Abstract Introduction Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery recently became a board-certified subspecialty. Certification, available to urologists and gynecologists, requires completion of an accredited fellowship for residents graduating after 2010. We describe shifts in available training programs and applicants since this time. Methods The National Resident Matching Program database was queried for “pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery” from 2010 to 2016. Residency match data from the National Resident Matching Program and the American Urological Association matches during the same period were examined as a proxy for potential applicants. Linear regression was used to predict changes in number of programs and applicants through time. Results Since 2010, there have been consistently more applicants than positions. The increase in obstetrics and gynecology programs has been greater than that in urology and combined programs. Despite this fact, there are far more obstetrics/gynecology than urology residency graduates each year, resulting in approximately 3 times the number of obstetrics/gynecology graduates per available fellowship position. Since 2010, only 1 obstetrics/gynecology position has gone unfilled, compared to 3 urology positions. Conclusions While the female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery fellowship accreditation is designed for graduates of urology and gynecology, there are more programs designated as obstetrics/gynecology than as urology or combined, and obstetrics/gynecology programs are less likely to go unfilled. If urologists are to continue their role as an important part of the female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery workforce, we must encourage residents to pursue this career choice.
Tax Inversions: The Good the Bad and the Ugly

Tax inversions are a popular topic of discussion among politicians, consultants, news outlets, and academics. Tax inversions are not a new topic; they were discussed in the early 1990s and in the previous decade. Tax inversion is a tax strategy in which a company reincorporates in another country for tax purposes. Several U.S. firms have merged with foreign firms in order to move their headquarters out of the U.S. Firms have defended their tax inversions by saying that inversions enhanced shareholders’ wealth by increasing the firms’ efficiencies and/or reducing their corporate taxes. The federal government has attempted to reduce and/or eliminate tax inversions. The government is concerned that tax inversions will reduce the tax base at a time when the federal government is experiencing budget deficits and the national debt is at an all-time high. Furthermore, individuals are increasingly aware of the huge financial disparity between the wealthiest members of our society and everybody else, and they believe tax inversions exacerbate this disparity in wealth. This paper discusses the history of tax inversions along with tax inversion research, and addresses current status of inversions and possible solutions. The purpose of this paper is to help individuals better understand tax inversions.
A randomized, comparative pilot trial of family‐based interpersonal psychotherapy for reducing psychosocial symptoms, disordered‐eating, and excess weight gain in at‐risk preadolescents with loss‐of‐control‐eating

Objective Preadolescent loss-of-control-eating (LOC-eating) is a risk factor for excess weight gain and binge-eating-disorder. We evaluated feasibility and acceptability of a preventive family-based interpersonal psychotherapy (FB-IPT) program. FB-IPT was compared to family-based health education (FB-HE) to evaluate changes in children's psychosocial functioning, LOC-eating, and body mass. Method A randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted with 29 children, 8 to 13 years who had overweight/obesity and LOC-eating. Youth-parent dyads were randomized to 12-week FB-IPT (n = 15) or FB-HE (n = 14) and evaluated at post-treatment, six-months, and one-year. Changes in child psychosocial functioning, LOC-eating, BMI, and adiposity by dual-energy-X-ray-absorptiometry were assessed. Missing follow-up data were multiply imputed. Results FB-IPT feasibility and acceptability were indicated by good attendance (83%) and perceived benefits to social interactions and eating. Follow-up assessments were completed by 73% FB-IPT and 86% FB-HE at post-treatment, 60% and 64% at six-months, and 47% and 57% at one-year. At post-treatment, children in FB-IPT reported greater decreases in depression (95% CI −7.23, −2.01, Cohen's d = 1.23) and anxiety (95% CI −6.08, −0.70, Cohen's d = .79) and less odds of LOC-eating (95% CI −3.93, −0.03, Cohen's d = .38) than FB-HE. At six-months, children in FB-IPT had greater reductions in disordered-eating attitudes (95% CI −0.72, −0.05, Cohen's d = .66) and at one-year, tended to have greater decreases in depressive symptoms (95% CI −8.82, 0.44, Cohen's d = .69) than FB-HE. There was no difference in BMI gain between the groups. Discussion Family-based approaches that address interpersonal and emotional underpinnings of LOC-eating in preadolescents with overweight/obesity show preliminary promise, particularly for reducing internalizing symptoms. Whether observed psychological benefits translate into sustained prevention of disordered-eating or excess weight gain requires further study.
Patient Preference for Pain Medication in the Emergency Department Is Associated with Non-fatal Overdose History

Author(s): Whiteside, Lauren K.; Goldstick, Jason; Dora-Laskey, Aaron; Thomas, Laura; Walton, Maureen; Cunningham, Rebecca; Bohnert, Amy S.B. | Abstract: Introduction: Opioid overdose is a major public health problem. Emergency physicians need information to better assess a patient’s risk for overdose or opioid-related harms. The purpose of this study was to determine if patient-reported preference for specific pain medications was associated with a history of lifetime overdose among patients seeking care in the emergency department (ED).Methods: ED patients (18-60 years) completed a screening survey that included questions on overdose history, ED utilization, opioid misuse behaviors as measured by the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM), and analgesic medication preferences for previous ED visits for pain with specific responses for preference for Dilaudid®, morphine, Toradol®, “no preference” or “never visited the ED for pain.” We compared individuals who reported a lifetime history of overdose descriptively to those without a lifetime history of overdose. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with a history of overdose.Results: We included 2,233 adults in the analysis (71.5% response rate of patients approached) with 532 reporting at least one lifetime overdose. In the univariate analysis, medication preference was significantly associated with overdose history (p l .001); more patients in the overdose group reported preferring morphine and Dilaudid® and those without a history of overdose were more likely to have no preference or say they had never visited the ED for pain. In the logistic regression analysis, patients with higher odds of overdose included those of Caucasian race, participants with a higher COMM score, preference for Toradol®, morphine or Dilaudid®. Those who were younger, female and reported never having visited the ED for pain had lower odds of reporting a lifetime overdose. Having “any preference” corresponded to 48% higher odds of lifetime overdose.Conclusion: Patients with a pain medication preference have higher odds of having a lifetime overdose compared to patients without a specific pain medication preference, even after accounting for level of opioid misuse. This patient-reported preference could cue emergency physicians to identifying high-risk patients for overdose and other substance-related harms.
PELLET FUELING DEVELOPMENT AT ORNL

Advanced plasma fueling systems for magnetic confinement devices are being developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The general approach is that of producing and accelerating frozen hydrogenic pellets at speeds in the range of 1–2 km/s and higher. Two specific concepts are under development: (1) high-speed pneumatic acceleration and (2) mechanical (centrifugal) acceleration. Both approaches are being pursued to meet the projected pellet size and delivery rates for major near-term plasma confinement devices, such as the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), Tore Supra, the Joint European Torus (JET), JT-60, and Doublet III-D (DIII-D), as well as future applications. In addition to these confinement physics related activities, ORNL is pursuing advanced technologies to achieve pellet velocities significantly in excess of the 2-km/s range already attained with pneumatic injectors and has embarked on a development program designed to explore the feasibility of fabricating and accelerating tritium pellets. This paper describes these ongoing activities.
Adapting to managed care by becoming a learning organization.

In the tumultuous and chaotic environment of managed health care, hospital-based mental health providers need to change in fundamental ways. The traditional view of mental health organizations is a professional-bureaucratic one where actions and outcomes of planning are thought to be highly predictable. The author proposes an alternative paradigm for viewing mental health provider organizations, one based on learning theory, which accepts that the future is unknowable because of its complexity and the probabilistic nature of the world. Within this perspective, mental health care providers need to become “learning organizations” to successfully adapt to the new and evolving conditions.
Experimental measurements of the temperature-dependent Van Hove function in a $\text{Zr}_{80} \text{Pt}_{20}$ liquid - Confirmation of a structural origin for the dynamics at high temperature

Even though viscosity is one of the most fundamental properties of liquids, determining its atomistic origin has proven elusive. By combining inelastic neutron scattering with the electro-static levitation technique the time-dependent pair-distribution function (i.e. the Van Hove function) has been determined for liquid $\text{Zr}_{80} \text{Pt}_{20}$. We show that the decay-time of the first peak of the Van Hove function is directly related to the Maxwell relaxation time of the liquid, which is proportional to shear viscosity. This result proves that the local dynamics of atomic bond breaking and forming determines the viscosity, lending support to predictions from molecular dynamics simulations.
Simulation of efficient irrigation management strategies for grain sorghum production over different climate variability classes

Abstract The Texas High Plains (THP) is a productive agricultural region, and it relies heavily on the exhaustible Ogallala Aquifer for irrigation water for crop production. Efficient use of irrigation water is critical for the sustainability of agriculture in the THP. Grain sorghum is one of the major crops grown in the region, and it is known for its drought tolerance and lower water requirement compared to other cereal crops such as corn. In this study, the CERES-Sorghum and CROPGRO-Cotton modules of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) were evaluated using data from cotton-sorghum rotation experiments at Halfway, Texas over a period of nine years (2006–2014). The evaluated CERES-Sorghum model was then used to identify the optimum (i) initial soil moisture at planting (ISM); (ii) threshold to start irrigation (ITH); (iii) threshold to terminate irrigation; and iv) deficit/excess (DFI) irrigation strategy for grain sorghum production based on simulated sorghum yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and grain water use efficiency (WUE). In addition, the effect of weather conditions on simulated strategies was elucidated by dividing the long-term (1977–2016) weather data into cold, warm, wet, dry, and normal climate variability classes based on the 33rd and 66th percentiles of growing season temperature and precipitation. The DSSAT model adequately simulated the grain sorghum and seed cotton yields during calibration (average Percent Error (PE) of 1.3% (sorghum) and 3.4% (cotton)) and evaluation (average PE of −2.2% (sorghum) and −10.5% (cotton)). The results from long-term simulations indicated that weather conditions played a key role in selecting appropriate irrigation management strategies. Under normal/cold/wet weather, ISM of 75% available water holding capacity (AWC), ITH of 50%, and DFI 85% were found to be adequate for irrigated grain sorghum production. However, in warm/dry weather, ISM of 75%, ITH 60%, and DFI at 100% reduced sorghum yield loss.
Proper movement through Spec-CP: An argument from hyperraising in Mongolian

The subject of an embedded finite clause in Mongolian can be marked with accusative case, alternating with canonical nominative case. Following previous proposals, I analyze this option as the consequence of the presence of φ-features in the complementizer of the embedded clause, which trigger the movement of the lower subject to Spec-CP. From that position, the embedded subject is accessible to the matrix v, which assigns case to it without violating the Phase Impenetrability Condition (PIC). A prediction that falls out from this analysis is that the accusative subject in Mongolian can move into the matrix clause, also without violating this locality condition. This type of construction is called hyperraising and is indeed found in the language. Hyperraising in Mongolian displays some of the signature properties of A-movement, including the absence of weak crossover effects and of reconstruction for Condition C. A comparison with covert Wh-movement in Mongolian will show that this type of movement does induce a WCO violation and reconstructs for Condition C. If the proposal that hyperraising in Mongolian involves a stopover position at Spec-CP is on the right track, this position would have to be an A-position. If correct, this paper contributes to the view that syntactic positions should not be considered as being intrinsically A or Ā: Spec-CP, which is usually taken to be an Ā-position, could potentially be an A-position too, at least in hyperraising in Mongolian.
Systems Approaches to Materials Design: Past, Present, and Future

There is increasing awareness of the imperative to accelerate materials discovery, design, development, and deployment. Materials design is essentially a goal-oriented activity that views the mater...
Circadian zeitgebers and treatment outcome in inpatient programs for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a pilot study.

High rates of delayed sleep phase disorder have been observed in inpatients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Up to one-third of patients with OCD do not respond to treatment; therefore, ne...
Evaluating Acoustic and Linguistic Features of Detecting Depression Sub-Challenge Dataset

Depression affects hundreds of millions of individuals world wide. With the prevalence of depression increasing, economic costs of the illness are growing significantly. The AVEC 2019 Detecting Depression with AI (Artificial Intelligence) Sub-Challenge provides an opportunity to use novel signal processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence technology to predict the presence and severity of depression in individuals through digital biomarkers such as vocal acoustics, linguistic contents of speech, and facial expression. In our analysis, we point out key factors to consider during pre-processing and modelling to effectively build voice biomarkers for depression. We additionally verify the dataset for balance in demographic and severity score distribution to evaluate the generalizability of our results.
Secretion of leukotrienes by senescent lung fibroblasts promotes pulmonary fibrosis

Accumulation of senescent cells is associated with the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, but mechanisms accounting for this linkage are not well understood. To explore this issue, we investigated whether a class of biologically active profibrotic lipids, the leukotrienes (LT), is part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The analysis of conditioned medium (CM), lipid extracts, and gene expression of LT biosynthesis enzymes revealed that senescent cells secreted LT, regardless of the origin of the cells or the modality of senescence induction. The synthesis of LT was biphasic and followed by antifibrotic prostaglandin (PG) secretion. The LT-rich CM of senescent lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) induced profibrotic signaling in naive fibroblasts, which were abrogated by inhibitors of ALOX5, the principal enzyme in LT biosynthesis. The bleomycin-induced expression of genes encoding LT and PG synthases, level of cysteinyl LT in the bronchoalveolar lavage, and overall fibrosis were reduced upon senescent cell removal either in a genetic mouse model or after senolytic treatment. Quantification of ALOX5+ cells in lung explants obtained from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients indicated that half of these cells were also senescent (p16Ink4a+). Unlike human fibroblasts from unused donor lungs made senescent by irradiation, senescent IPF fibroblasts secreted LTs but failed to synthesize PGs. This study demonstrates for the first time to our knowledge that senescent cells secrete functional LTs, significantly contributing to the LT pool known to cause or exacerbate IPF.
Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer

The process of mitophagy, in which mitochondria are selectively turned over at the autophagolysosome, plays a central role in both eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria and reducing mitochondrial ...
“If I Tell others about my Anger toward God, How will They Respond?” Predictors, Associated Behaviors, and Outcomes in an Adult Sample:

When people experience anger or other negative feelings toward God, do they admit these emotions to others? Participants in an internet survey (n = 471; mean age 41.7) described an incident involvi...
Stochastic Lagrangian dynamics of vorticity. Part 1. General theory for viscous, incompressible fluids

Prior mathematical work of Constantin & Iyer (Commun. Pure Appl. Maths, vol. 61, 2008, pp. 330–345; Ann. Appl. Probab., vol. 21, 2011, pp. 1466–1492) has shown that incompressible Navier–Stokes solutions possess infinitely many stochastic Lagrangian conservation laws for vorticity, backward in time, which generalize the invariants of Cauchy (Sciences mathematiques et physique, vol. I, 1815, pp. 33–73) for smooth Euler solutions. We reformulate this theory for the case of wall-bounded flows by appealing to the Kuz'min (Phys. Lett. A, vol. 96, 1983, pp. 88–90)–Oseledets (Russ. Math. Surv., vol. 44, 1989, p. 210) representation of Navier–Stokes dynamics, in terms of the vortex-momentum density associated to a continuous distribution of infinitesimal vortex rings. The Constantin–Iyer theory provides an exact representation for vorticity at any interior point as an average over stochastic vorticity contributions transported from the wall. We point out relations of this Lagrangian formulation with the Eulerian theory of Lighthill (Boundary layer theory. In Laminar Boundary Layers (ed. L. Rosenhead), 1963, pp. 46–113)–Morton (Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., vol. 28, 1984, pp. 277–308) for vorticity generation at solid walls, and also with a statistical result of Taylor (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 135, 1932, pp. 685–702)–Huggins (J. Low Temp. Phys., vol. 96, 1994, pp. 317–346), which connects dissipative drag with organized cross-stream motion of vorticity and which is closely analogous to the ‘Josephson–Anderson relation’ for quantum superfluids. We elaborate a Monte Carlo numerical Lagrangian scheme to calculate the stochastic Cauchy invariants and their statistics, given the Eulerian space–time velocity field. The method is validated using an online database of a turbulent channel-flow simulation (Graham et al., J. Turbul., vol. 17, 2016, pp. 181–215), where conservation of the mean Cauchy invariant is verified for two selected buffer-layer events corresponding to an ‘ejection’ and a ‘sweep’. The variances of the stochastic Cauchy invariants grow exponentially backward in time, however, revealing Lagrangian chaos of the stochastic trajectories undergoing both fluid advection and viscous diffusion.
Alpine treeline ecotones are potential refugia for a montane pine species threatened by bark beetle outbreaks.

Warming-induced mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB) outbreaks have caused extensive mortality of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis; WBP) throughout the species' range. In the highest mountains where WBP occur, they cross alpine treeline ecotones (ATEs) where growth forms transition from trees to shrub-like krummholz, some of which survived recent MPB outbreaks. This observation motivated the hypothesis that ATEs are refugia for WBP because krummholz growth forms escape MPB attack and have the potential to produce viable seed. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed WBP mortality along transects from the ATE edge (locally highest krummholz WBP) downslope into the forest and, to distinguish if survival mechanisms are unique to ATEs, across other forest ecotones (OFEs) from the edge of WBP occurrence into the forest. We replicated this design at 10 randomly selected sites in the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains. We also surveyed reproduction in a subset of ATE sites. Mortality was nearly absent in upper ATEs (mean ± SE percent dead across all sites of 0.03% ± 0.03% 0-100 m from the edge and 14.1% ± 1.7% 100-500 m from the edge) but was above 20% along OFEs (21.4 ± 5.2% 0-100 m and 32.4 ± 2.7% 100-500 m from the edge). We observed lower reproduction in upper ATEs (16 ± 9.9 cones/ha and 12.9 ± 5.3 viable seeds/cone 0-100 m from the edge) compared to forests below (317.1 ± 64.4 cones/ha and 32.5 ± 2.5 viable seeds/cone 100-500 m from the edge). Uniquely high WBP survival supports the hypothesis that ATEs serve as refugia because krummholz growth forms escape MPB attack. However, low reproduction suggests ATE refugia function over longer time periods. Beyond our WBP system, we propose that plant populations in marginal environments are candidate refugia if distinct phenotypes result in reduced disturbance impacts.
Patient characteristics and survival outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers harboring RNF43 mutations or RSPO3 fusions: a retrospective analysis.

473Background: The growth of intestinal epithelium is dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The R-Spondin (RSPO) family of proteins form complexes with Wnt ligand and RNF43 protein, whi...
The Case for Repealing the Second Amendment? The Historical Barriers to Constitutional Change

The controversy surrounding the Second Amendment—“the right of the people to keep and bear arms”—is, to a large extent, historical in nature, redolent of other matters in this country’s legal and c...