cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing expert opinion within the care team regarding postoperative rehabilitation protocol following rotator cuff repair

Introduction There is no established consensus regarding the optimal rehabilitation protocol following rotator cuff repair, including duration of immobilization, timing to initiate range of motion and resistance exercises, and the importance of supervised, formal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine agreement in opinion regarding rotator cuff rehabilitation between orthopedic surgeons and physical therapists (PTs). Methods A 50-question survey was created on a secure data capture system and distributed via e-mail to members of professional organization affiliations. Surgeon participants were recruited from the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, and PTs were recruited from the American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists and the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association. Survey responses were analyzed for interprofessional differences in majority opinion and distribution of answer choices. Results A total of 167 surgeons and 667 PTs responded to the survey. Of the 39 questions evaluated, surgeons and PTs reached intraprofessional majority agreement in 26 (67%) and 28 (72%) statements, respectively, with agreements matching in 17 instances and differing in 4. The 2 groups had different answer preferences in 32 questions (82%). PTs were more likely to support shorter immobilization intervals (P Conclusion Our findings show that although significant discrepancy of opinion exists within professions, greater differences in preferences exist between surgeons and PTs regarding rotator cuff repair rehabilitation.
Anaesthetic Management of a Case of Peritonsillar Abscess in a Patient with Complete Heart Block with Pacemaker

We report a case of complete heart block patient with pacemaker in situ (VVI mode-ventricle paced sensed and inhibited) with anticipated difficult airway of a morbid obese patient presenting for incision and drainage of peritonsillar abscess on an emergency basis because of impending respiratory distress. The challenges encountered in this case was: Programming the pacemaker to asynchronous mode { VOO mode-ventricle paced, none sensed and no response to sensing) in this case} Managing difficult airway.
Geographic access to buprenorphine prescribers for patients who use public transit.

Abstract Objective Urban Medicaid enrollees with opioid use disorder often rely on public transit to reach buprenorphine prescribers. Research has not shown whether public transit provides this population with adequate geographic access to buprenorphine prescribers. We examined travel times to buprenorphine prescribers by car and public transit in urban areas, and determined whether car-based Medicaid regulatory standards produce their intended geographic coverage. Methods We obtained data for this study from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Buprenorphine Practitioner Locator, Microsoft Bing Maps, and the American Community Survey. We examined four urban counties at the centers of the metropolitan statistical areas with the highest 2017 accidental drug poisoning death rates: Kanawha, WV; Montgomery, OH; Philadelphia, PA; and St. Louis City, MO. These counties comprised 696 census tracts representing 1,038,564 households. We calculated travel times from each census tract center to the nearest buprenorphine prescribers by car and public transit, and compared that to 30-min regulatory standards and by whether census tracts had below median levels of car access. We calculated Global Moran's I statistics to determine whether spatial clustering was present among census tracts with limited access to buprenorphine prescribers. Results Households in all but two census tracts could access a buprenorphine prescriber within 30 min by car. However, households in 12.1% (84) of census tracts could not do so by public transit. The correlation between car- and public transit-based travel times to the nearest buprenorphine prescriber was 0.11 (95% CI = 0.07–0.22). More than 15% (47,918) of households in the two less densely populated counties could not travel to the nearest prescriber in 30 min and resided in census tracts where access to cars was relatively low. There was no evidence of spatial clustering among census tracts with public transit travel times exceeding 30 min, or among census tracts with public transit travel times exceeding 30 min and below median values of access to cars. Conclusions Geographic access to buprenorphine prescribers is overestimated by regulatory standards that apply car-based travel time estimates, which are a weak proxy for public transit-based travel times. Since geographic areas with limited access to buprenorphine prescribers do not tend to cluster near one another, individually targeted interventions may be necessary to improve buprenorphine access and utilization.
The association of cow-related factors assessed at metritis diagnosis with metritis cure risk, reproductive performance, milk yield, and culling for untreated and ceftiofur-treated dairy cows.

ABSTRACT Our objective was to assess the association of cow-related factors with metritis cure risk and economically important outcomes. In this prospective cohort study nested inside a randomized clinical trial, cows enrolled in a clinical trial that aimed to evaluate an alternative metritis therapy that had available plasma samples collected at metritis diagnosis were included. Metritis was defined as fetid, watery, reddish-brownish discharge with or without fever, and cure was defined as the absence of metritis signs 12 d after diagnosis. Cows were randomly allocated to remain untreated (CON; n = 147) or receive subcutaneous injections of 6.6 mg/kg of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid at enrollment and 72 h later (CEF, n = 168). Additionally, a random subset of 150 nonmetritic cows (NMET) was also included to compare milk production, reproductive performance, and culling responses. Cow-related factors evaluated include plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and haptoglobin (Hp), parity, rectal temperature, and days in milk (DIM) at metritis diagnosis, vulvovaginal laceration (VL), BCS, dystocia, twins, and retained placenta. Among CON cows, DIM at metritis diagnosis was positively associated with metritis cure [threshold = 8, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.67], whereas plasma Hp concentration tended to be negatively associated with cure of metritis (threshold = 0.54 mg/mL, AUC = 0.64). Among CEF cows, DIM at metritis diagnosis (threshold = 5, AUC = 0.67) and dystocia were positively associated with metritis cure, whereas VL and Hp (threshold = 0.78 mg/mL, AUC = 0.76) were negatively associated with cure. For CON cows that were diagnosed with metritis after 8 DIM or had plasma Hp concentration ≤0.54 mg/mL, milk production, pregnancy, and culling risk were comparable to NMET cows. However, performance was impaired when cows that developed metritis at ≤8 DIM or had Hp >0.54 mg/mL were left untreated. Among CEF cows, Hp, DIM at metritis diagnosis, dystocia, and VL were associated with metritis cure. Milk yield, reproductive performance, and culling losses are more pronounced among CEF cows when metritis was diagnosed at ≤5 DIM, Hp >0.78 mg/mL, or if they had VL or dystocia. In conclusion, these data indicate that timing of the onset of metritis and inflammatory biomarkers could be used for the development of a selective therapy strategy for metritis, but more research is needed to identify more accurate predictors of metritis spontaneous cure and treatment failure.
Quark Matter '99 --- Theoretical Summary: What Next?

I review the three broad areas where major progress has been reported: The phase structure of strongly interacting matter, the properties of matter at the instant when it freezes out into individual hadrons in the final stage of the expansion of the hot fireball, and the status of the main signatures of the formation of a quark-gluon plasma. In the final section I present some thoughts about what should be done next, both in the experiemntal and the theoretical arena.
THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP ON CORPORATE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

Abstract This paper examines the relation between institutional investor involvement in and the operating performance of large firms. We find a significant relation between a firm’s operating cash flow returns and both the percent of institutional stock ownership and the number of institutional stockholders. However, this relation is found only for a subset of institutional investors: those less likely to have a business relationship with the firm. These results suggest that institutional investors with potential business relations with the firms in which they invest are compromised as monitors of the firm.
An Efficient Work-Stealing Scheduler for Task Dependency Graph

Work-stealing is a key component of many parallel task graph libraries such as Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB) FlowGraph, Microsoft Task Parallel Library (TPL) Batch .Net, Cpp-Taskflow, and Nabbit. However, designing a correct and effective work-stealing scheduler is a notoriously difficult job, due to subtle implementation details of concurrency controls and decentralized coordination between threads. This problem becomes even more challenging when striving for optimal thread usage in handling parallel workloads with complex task graphs. As a result, we introduce in this paper an effective work-stealing scheduler for execution of task dependency graphs. Our scheduler adopts a simple and efficient strategy to adapt the number of working threads to available task parallelism at any time during the graph execution. Our strategy is provably good in preventing resource underutilization and simultaneously minimizing resource waste when tasks are scarce. We have evaluated our scheduler on both micro-benchmarks and a real-world circuit timing analysis workload, and demonstrated promising results over existing methods in terms of runtime, energy efficiency, and throughput.
Spectrometry for Light Bulb Classification

Light bulbs energy consumption are paid by city halls to electrical companies in Brazil. These electrical companies do not have a guaranteed aspect of each light bulb's characteristics. Light bulbs with distinct power and steam type have different energy consumption. Most of the time, to guarantee the light bulbs characteristics a technician has to climb and verify each light pole. It is clear that this task is exhaustive and has to be repeated many times a year. In this work, a system is proposed capable of measuring the light bulb's characteristics easily. The system utilizes machine learning models to identify the required characteristics using as input the light spectrum. The results show that the trained models are able to identify correctly steam type, power, and brand.
Imaging Features at the Periphery: Hemodynamics, Pathophysiology, and Effect on LI-RADS Categorization.

Enhancement patterns at or around the periphery of liver observations are frequently confused owing to their overlapping features, but understanding these patterns-which are well recognized by LI-R...
Surgical Management of Urolithiasis in Transplanted Kidneys

Urolithiasis is an uncommon complication in transplant kidneys. The use of computed tomography to evaluate living donors can detect calculi in kidneys and such kidneys should be avoided for transplantation, unless a small asymptomatic stone can be removed. Calculi may form de novo after transplant. The principles of treatment of calculi in transplant kidneys are similar to that of calculi in solitary kidneys. The major differences are the clinical manifestations and the anatomy. Since the treatment goal is stone-free status with one procedure with minimal morbidity and risk to the transplant kidney, advances in endoscopic equipment and techniques have shifted treatments from shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) to percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and ureteroscopy.
Survivability of optical virtual private network using the load distributive shortest pair algorithm

Optical virtual private network (OVPN) is now emerging as the next step in the evolution of VPNs. It appears as a real private optical network to the customers that uses the optical links of the service providers. Reliability and continuity of service are the major concerns in the design of OVPN. In this paper, we propose a highly simple approach for distributing the load over the optical network using shortest pair algorithm that can mitigate the impact of link failures in an optical VPN. The special feature of our load distributive shortest pair algorithm lies in its simplicity and less computation for the working path as well as for the backup path.
The Political Economy of Trust: Institutions, Interests, and Inter-Firm Cooperation in Italy and Germany

Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. A theory of institutions and trust 3. Varieties of capitalism and industrial districts 4. Trust and institutions in industrial districts 5. Accounting for change in informal institutions 6. Informal institutions without trust: relations among Mafiosi in Sicily 7. Conclusions Bibliography Index.
Set Algebra and Function Lattices

References to items in SOLUTIONS are tagged with the prefix s to distinguish them from items in PROBLEMS.
Including Work System Co-Existence, Alignment, and Coordination in Systems Analysis and Design

Interactions between systems constitute a common source of difficulty and complication in building, implementing, and maintaining IT-reliant work systems in organizations. Although a great deal has been published about systems analysis and design, most of the attention in that literature focuses on creating software specifications for a specific IT system. Relatively little attention focuses on direct and/or indirect interactions and conflicts between the IT-reliant work systems through which organizations operate. This paper proposes that work system co-existence, alignment, and coordination should receive more attention in systems analysis and design. Its main contribution is an initial set of taxonomies related to work system co-existence, alignment, and coordination. Key concepts include system interactions, intentionality of interactions, directness of interactions, explicitness of interactions, persistence of interactions, alignment of work systems, and congruence of work systems.
A practical guide to culturing mouse and human bone marrow stromal cells.

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, frequently also called MSCs) represent a cell population within the bone marrow, a subset of which contains multipotent stem cells. Their primary role is to produce and maintain both bone tissue and bone marrow microenvironment necessary for hematopoiesis. The latter is achieved by secreting a wide variety of different cytokines and growth factors, many of which also have a regulatory role in immune processes. BMSCs have recently been introduced into the field of immunobiology after their successful clinical use in GVHD was reported in 2004. Since then, numerous studies confirmed and expanded the knowledge on the immunosuppressive potential of BMSCs in various in vitro and in vivo models. Although the immunomodulatory capacity of BMSCs is well established, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the cytokines, chemokines, receptors, and molecular pathways that play a role in this effect. To study these cells and answer many of the questions, researchers must be able to reliably and reproducibly isolate, culture, and use these cells. Below a practical guide on how to culture and characterize mouse and human BMSCs, which can then be applied in various in vitro and in vivo assays, is provided. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 102:22F.12.1-22F.12.13. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells; bone marrow stromal cells; isolation; culture; immunomagnetic separation; osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation
Gene family of male-specific testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (C-P-450(16 alpha)) in mice. Organization, differential regulation, and chromosome localization.

Abstract Three genes in the testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (C-P-450(16 alpha)) family, ca, cb, and cc, are characterized. The sizes of the genes are approximately 4.5 to 5.2 kilobase pairs, and all three consist of nine exons with junctions at identical sites. Gene ca is identified as the male-specific, androgen-dependent C-P-450(16 alpha) gene in adult mice, since the exonic sequence matched 100% to the cDNA, pc16 alpha-2 (Wong, G., Kawajiri, K., and Negishi, M. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 8683-8690). Gene cb and cc are organized in tandem within 18-kilobase pair DNA. Their encoded P-450s contain an approximate 94% nucleotide sequence similarity to the C-P-450(16 alpha). The high similarity in gene nucleotide sequences, including the introns and flanking regions, suggests a combination of an ancestral gene duplication and gene conversion as a mechanism for evolution of the C-P-450(16 alpha) family. Gene ca shows male-specific expression in mouse kidney as well as in liver; gene cb, neither sex-specific nor androgen-dependent, is seen only in liver; gene cc is not expressed in either adult mouse liver or kidney. Expression of these three genes is not detected in adult mouse lung. It appears, therefore, that the C-P-450(16 alpha) gene family includes a large number of genes whose expressions are differentially regulated. Southern hybridization of C-P-450(16 alpha) cDNA to genomic DNAs from mouse-hamster somatic hybrid cells localizes tentatively this gene family on mouse chromosome 15. The recombination frequency in BXD recombinant inbred mice suggests that the C-P-450(16 alpha) gene family is approximately 16M from the 55-kDa locus.
Modeling and characterization of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) for SPICE simulation

A semiempirical CAD (computer-aided design) model for power IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors) which is physically based and uses subcircuit representation is presented. The model has sufficient flexibility to account for the unique characteristics of IGBT operation, while still retaining a simple form with readily extractable model parameters. The model has been implemented into the ContecSPICE circuit simulator. A systematic way of determining model parameters has also been developed. A 500-V/20-A commercial IGBT (Motorola MGP20N50) is fully characterized to verify the validity of the model. Good agreement has been obtained between simulation and measurement for both DC and transient cases. >
The Leishmania kinetoplast-mitochondrion contains terminal uridylyltransferase and RNA ligase activities.

Abstract Purified mitochondria of Leishmania tarentolae contain 3'-terminal uridylyltransferase and RNA ligase activities which can be solubilized by detergent lysis of the organelle. Run-off transcription of maxicircle and minicircle DNA also occurs in intact and Triton-lysed mitochondria, using [32P]GTP as the labeled precursor. Heparin inhibits the solubilized terminal uridylyltransferase activity but does not affect the labeling of endogenous RNAs in intact mitochondria with [32P]UTP. Clarification of the mitochondrial Triton lysate causes an increase in terminal uridylyltransferase activity with exogenous substrates. These two activities are candidates for involvement in a post-transcriptional RNA editing process of mitochondrial transcripts.
Cylindrical 3D PML-PLRC-FDTD schemes for frequency-dispersive and inhomogeneous media

We present three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) schemes for transient simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in complex (inhomogeneous and frequency-dispersive media with conductive loss) media and cylindrical coordinates. The proposed cylindrical FDTD scheme incorporates an extension of the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition (ABC) to 3D cylindrical coordinates coupled to the piecewise-linear recursive convolution (PLRC) algorithm for dispersive media, accounting for both Lorentz and Debye multi-species frequency-dispersive models. Both split-field and unsplit (anisotropic medium) formulations of the cylindrical PML-PLRC-FDTD scheme are implemented and compared.
Coordinates for an optimum CS approximation in reactive scattering

Abstract Coordinates for reactive scattering in three dimensions are variationally derived to swing smoothly from reactants to products. These adiabatically adjusting, principal axis, hyperspherical (APH) coordinates are orthogonal, have a simple kinetic energy operator, and allow an optimum centrifugal sudden (CS) approximation; that is, they minimize the coupling neglected by the CSA and also optimum 1 parameters.
Methods in Epidemiology

Abstract Definitions and concepts in epidemiology are presented and their uses outlined. The measures of incidence and prevalence are distinguished and illustrated by examples in child psychiatry. The reliability and validity of surveys that elicit the frequency of psychiatric symptoms are discussed, including their relevance for clinical diagnosis. The use of community surveys of prevalence for screening psychiatric conditions is compared with screening in the usual public health sense of the term. In both instances the imperfections of a screen involve false positives and false negatives; more or fewer of these may be tolerated depending on the purpose of the screen. The evaluation of a screening procedure involves consideration of the fourfold table which, we argue, is at the heart of epidemiologic inference. Reasons for choosing case-control or cohort designs are given. In the end each design hinges on a fourfold table and a measure of relative risk or odds.
Sphingosine kinase 1 knockdown reduces insulin synthesis and secretion in a rat insulinoma cell line

To evaluate the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in insulin secretion, we used stable transfection to knock down the expression of the Sphk1 gene in the rat insulinoma INS-1 832/13 cell line. Cell lines with lowered Sphk1 mRNA expression and SphK1 enzyme activity (SK11 and SK14) exhibited lowered glucose- and 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) plus glutamine-stimulated insulin release and low insulin content associated with decreases in the mRNA of the insulin 1 gene. Overexpression of the rat or human Sphk1 cDNA restored insulin secretion and total insulin content in the SK11 cell line, but not in the SK14 cell line. The Sphk1 cDNA-transfected SK14 cell line expressed significantly less SphK1 activity than the Sphk1 cDNA-transfected SK11 cells suggesting that the shRNA targeting SK14 was more effective in silencing the exogenous rat Sphk1 mRNA. The results indicate that SphK1 activity is important for insulin synthesis and secretion.
Environmental studies of nuclear war: A recent synthesis and future prospects — An editorial/review essay

Revue des volumes et etat des recherches, publies par le SCOPE (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment)
A new representation of Cox's score statistic and its variance☆

Abstract We represent Cox's (1972) score statistic and its variance in a form analogous to Hoeffding's (1948) ‘U-statistics’, and suggest how these representations may be used to investigate asymptotic properties in nonstandard situations.
Emergency response in smartphone-based Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Today's modern mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets) present great potential for building large-scale mobile sensing and information sharing systems which can be highly beneficial to minimize the fatalities of human lives during emergency response. This paper presents a framework, called BREathing rate MONitoring (BREMON) that allows paramedics to monitor the breathing activities of multiple patients at once using their smartphones. BREMON uses the smartphone accelerometer to measure the accelerations during the breathing activities of a patient. These raw acceleration data are then processed to calculate the number of Breaths Per Minute (BPM) and periodically sent to the smartphones used by the paramedics over a multi-hop network. BREMON makes use of an underlying service sharing infrastructure, called SPontaneous Information and Resource sharing InfrasTructure (SPIRIT) that allows mobile devices to share the breathing activity data as services within the infrastructure.
Thermophysical properties measurement of molten silicon by high-temperature electrostatic levitator: density, volume expansion, specific heat capacity, emissivity, surface tension and viscosity

Abstract Thermophysical properties of molten silicon measured by the high-temperature electrostatic levitator at JPL are presented. The properties include the density, the volume expansion, the constant pressure specific heat capacity, the hemispherical total emissivity, the surface tension and the viscosity. Over the temperature range investigated (1350–1850 K), the measured liquid density showed a quadratic nature expressed by ρ ( T )=2.58−1.59×10 −4 ( T − T m )−1.15×10 −7 ( T − T m ) 2 g/cm 3 with T m =1687 K. The volume expansion with respect to the melting point could be expressed by V ( T )/ V m =1+6.18×10 −5 ( T − T m )+4.72×10 −8 ( T − T m ) 2 . The hemispherical total emissivity of molten silicon at the melting temperature was 0.18, and the constant pressure specific heat was determined over a 500 K around the melting point. The measured surface tension and the viscosity could be expressed respectively by σ ( T )=765−0.016 ( T − T m ) mN/m, and η ( T )=0.75−1.22×10 −3 ( T − T m ) mPa s.
The total synthesis of piptosidin

Abstract The synthesis of piptosidin, 2a, by the Michael addition of ascorbic acid to tigloyl cyanide is reported.
Assessment of Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure Potential in Healthcare Workers Involved in Nitric Oxide Treatment of Infant and Pediatric Patients

Assessment of Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure Potential in Healthcare Workers Involved in Nitric Oxide Treatment of Infant and Pediatric Patients
Flash photolysis study of diaminopyridines

Abstract The triplet—triplet absorption spectra of three diaminopyridines have been assigned from variable-temperature flash photolysis studies. In all cases the lowest triplet state is ππ* with a phosphorescence lifetime of about 2 s at 77 K in ethyl ether—pentane—ethyl alcohol. Complete neglect of differential overlap—configuration interaction calculations were performed to supplement the interpretation of the fluorescence and phosphorescence data and to provide a satisfactory correlation of the observed and predicted behavior of these molecules.
Counterfactual Production and Achievement Orientation in Competitive Athletic Settings1

Two studies examined the impact of achievement orientation on counterfactual production in competitive sporting situations. In Study 1, participants created counterfactuals after reading 4 vignettes. Results indicated that participants reading about winners created more subtractive and downward counterfactuals than did participants reading about losers, while participants reading about losers created more additive and upward counterfactuals than did participants reading about winners. In Study 2, using participants in 3-on-3 basketball games, achievement orientation interacted with game outcome to produce adaptive responses for participants who held a mastery orientation and maladaptive responses for participants who held an outcome orientation. In addition to achievement orientation, the margin of victory played an important role in determining the type of counterfactual produced. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel enhanced gene reporter molecules: Detection of β-galactosidase activity using 19F NMR of trifluoromethylated aryl β-d-galactopyranosides

Abstract Gene therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treatment of various diseases, but there is a pressing need for the development of non-invasive reporter techniques based on appropriate molecules and imaging modalities to assay gene expression. We now report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel enhanced reporter molecules, which reveal lacZ gene expression: trifluoromethylated aryl β- d -galactopyranosides. A series of five molecular structures were screened in solution and with stably transfected lacZ expressing human MCF7 breast cancer cells in vitro. p -Trifluoromethyl- o -nitrophenyl β- d -galactopyranoside ( PCF 3 ONPG ) was found to exhibit valuable properties including a single 19 F NMR signal, stability in aqueous solution and with wild type cells, but a chemical shift response to enzyme cleavage (Δ δ = 1.14 ppm) in breast cancer cells transfected to stably express lacZ .
Hispanic women's experience with "el cambio de vida".

Purpose To examine the factors that influence Hispanic women's decisions to initiate or not initiate hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause to manage symptoms or to prevent longer-term conditions. Data Sources A descriptive study of 51 Hispanic women who completed the Spanish version of the Menopausal Decision-Making Questionnaire (S-MDMQ) to describe their experience with and perceptions about menopause. Conclusions Most of the low-income Hispanic women in this study would elect not to take HRT; however, they do use exercise, diet, vitamins, and other self-care activities to manage symptoms of menopause. Hispanic women were eager to discuss how to manage their health care during perimenopause and menopause with one another and their health care providers. Implications for Practice Nurse practitioners need to understand factors that might influence Hispanic women's decisions regarding management of menopausal symptoms, including the use of HRT, and to be able to assist women in making an individ-ualized personal treatment choice that is culturally acceptable.
The need to consider contrast effects in parent-rated temperament

In their responses to “Parent ratings of temperament. Lessons from twin studies,” Goldsmith and Hewitt (2003), Hwang and Rothbart (2003), and Seifer (2003) all acknowledge that parents have the potential to be a valuable source of information regarding children’s temperaments. Despite my concerns about contrasts effects, I agree fully. Parents know their children well and see them behave across a wide variety of situations, and thus, are able to provide information about their children’s typical behaviors—information that may not be easily gleaned from more objective measures. My own area of interest, activity level, is a case in point. Although motion recorders are more objective than parent ratings, they only inform about the frequency, intensity, and duration of movement. The flavor of the behavior is lost. Parents can help us here. They can tell us about the situations in which children are high or low active (i.e., what children are doing during periods of activity). Given this potential, it is all the more frustrating to find that activity level is the temperament dimension most prone to contrast effects. The issue is not whether or not parents can inform about their children’s temperaments (I think they can), but what can be done to reduce or eliminate systematic biases that may affect parent ratings. That is, how can we make parent ratings better? In the target article, I suggest that a first step is to learn from the findings of twin studies, which find that parents tend to exaggerate behavioral differences between fraternal (dizygotic, DZ) twins. Do such effects influence parent ratings of nontwin siblings? We do not know because temperament research has not considered this threat to validity. We will not uncover such biases unless we look for them and this means studying more than one child per family. Goldsmith and Hewitt (2003) and Hwang and Rothbart (2003) both indicate that some measures may be more prone to contrast effects than others. Indeed, measures that require parents
Development of predictive models for determining fetal age-at-length in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and their application toward in situ and ex situ population management

For wild belugas (Delphinapterus leucas), gestation length estimates based on fetal size have produced extreme ranges. Ex situ populations thereby provide unique opportunities to define this important life history event. Accordingly, research with ultrasound was conducted on six beluga whales over 11 gestations with known conception dates to serially measure fetal changes in biparietal diameter (BP), thoracic diameter (TD), thoracic circumference (TC), and total length (TL). Incremental polynomial regression analyses were performed on each fetal measurement to develop predictive models for determining age based on fetal size and days from parturition. Gestation length (n = 11) was a mean 467 ± 5.4 d with male calves (478 ± 8.6 d) experiencing a longer gestation (P = 0.04) than females (457 ± 3.9 d). Age at TL was best described using a 2nd order polynomial model, while linear relationships existed for BPD, TD, and TC. Accuracy was improved for predicting age (P = 0.001) or days prior to parturition (P = 0.038) using data from the first vs. the second half of gestation. The results provide accurate models for aging beluga fetuses based on size in both in situ and ex situ populations.
Consistency of Edging on the Bender-Gestalt, Memory-for-Designs, and Draw-a-Person Tests

Summary Edging refers to drawing figures along the top, bottom, or sides of a page. This drawing style is thought to be indicative of personality traits, yet it has not been shown that edging is consistent across tests. From an original 76 Ss, 28 were selected because they edged on at least one of three tests: the Bender-Gestalt, Memory-For-Designs, or Draw-A-Person. Only one S edged on all three tests, while two edged on two of the tests. Edging was not consistent and must therefore be considered suspect as a diagnostic indicator.
Reprint of: Effect of lining non-linearity on realized attenuation of tonal noise

Abstract An iterative model based on an FEM propagation code is introduced for prediction of attenuation in a duct in the presence of a two degree of freedom acoustic lining for which impedance depends on local grazing flow speed and overall local Sound Pressure Level. A general approach is described; however this investigation is limited to the case of a source Sound Pressure Level spectrum dominated by a single tone for which the lining is optimized. The tone is specified by its circumferential mode and a statistically represented radial modal amplitude distribution. It is assumed that the underlying broad band spectrum is diffuse and relatively unaffected by the lining. Lining impedance is computed locally and is described by an iterative model imbedded in the propagation code. It is determined how local variation of Sound Pressure Level affects realized attenuation by comparing attenuation predictions when impedance depends on source Sound Pressure Level and when impedance depends on local Sound Pressure Level. Predicted attenuation is dependent on local variation in lining impedance when the tone level is significantly above the overall broadband level. When suppression of the tone has little effect on the overall Sound Pressure Level there is little effect of local impedance variation on attenuation.
A Signal Extraction Approach to Modeling Hormone Time Series with Pulses and a Changing Baseline

Abstract Hormones serve as regulating signals for many biological processes. In recent years, it was determined that many hormones are secreted in a pulsatile manner and that the pulsatile secretion pattern, in addition to the absolute concentration level, is important in regulating biological processes. Consequently, it is necessary to characterize the latent secretion patterns from measurements of concentration levels. The characterization is complicated by the presence of a biological circadian rhythm. When hormone concentrations are plotted over time, the resultant time series usually exhibits occasional short rises superimposed on a slowly changing baseline. This is a result of a mixture of pulsatile secretions and a circadian rhythm. In this article we present a signal extraction approach to model simultaneously a slowly changing component and a pulsatile component of a time series. A smoothing spline is used to model the baseline, and a multiprocess dynamic linear model is used to model the pulsati...
Stigma in child and adolescent mental health services research: understanding professional and institutional stigmatization of youth with mental health problems and their families.

To understand the low utilization rates of child and adolescent mental health services, it is necessary to recognize the kinds of professional and institutional stigma that may produce barriers to care. We address the large literature on the stigmatization of mental illness, linkages between such literature and children’s mental health services use, and the kinds of professional and institutional attitudes and practices that communicate shame and low expectations to youth and their families. It will take recognition of such stigmatizing practices—including overcoming resistance to the messages presented herein—to make real progress in the effort to increase utilization of evidence-based practices. Multi-faceted, multi-level, and multi-disciplinary approaches to both research and intervention are recommended.
Conservation laws for nonhomogeneous Bernoulli-Euler beams

Abstract It is the purpose of this paper to construct conservation laws for the statics and dynamics of nonhomogeneous Bernoulli-Euler beams. To derive these conservation laws, we will use the newly proposed Neutral Action (NA) method (Honein et al ., 1991, Phys. Lett. , 155 , 223–224; Chien, 1992, Conservation laws in nonhomogeneous and dissipative mechanical systems, Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University). The conservation laws derived should be useful in characterizing concentrated defects, such as cracks and interfaces, in an otherwise smoothly nonhomogeneous beam. Classically, Noether's first theorem (Noether, 1918, Transport Theory Stat. Phys . 1 , 186–207) is available for construction of conservation laws for Lagrangian systems, such as a Bernoulli-Euler beam. However, since the NA method is applicable to dissipative as well as to Lagrangian systems, and since it encompasses Noether's method within the realm of Lagrangian systems, we choose to employ the NA method to achieve our purpose here. A comparison of these two methodologies, with an example illustrating the relative efficiency of the NA method over Noether's approach, will also be presented.
955-54 Adjunctive Techniques Enable Myocardial Opacification by Intravenous Injection of Reduced Doses of QW3600 (EchoGen®)

QW3600 (EG) is a new perflourocarbon (dodecaflouropentane) ultrasonic contrast agent capable of producing myocardial opacification by IV injection. However, the doses required for myocardial visualization have sometimes been associated with transient hemodynamic changes. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of pretreatment with: (1) antihistamines and corticosteroids to eliminate hypersensitivity and thus reduce hemodynamic changes; and (2) administration of coronary vasodilators to enhance myocardial intensity. We performed 2–D echo in the short axis parasternal view in 10 closed chest ventilated dogs in whom LV, Ao and pulmonary artery catheters enabled direct assessment of hemodynamics. All animals were given benadryl 1 mg/kg and Solu-Mediol 1 mg/kg approximately one hour prior to the study. Subsequently, a 0.5 cc/kg EchoGen®injection was repeated. Contrast intensity was quantified by a 0.3 cm2region of interest positioned in the midventricular wall and peak videointensity (PVI) was measured in gray levels. Results *= p l 0.01 for EG vs DIP + EG. HR FA (S) FA (D) LV PA PVI BASE 145 ± 23 172 ± 14 120 ± 7 165 ± 12 122 ± 6 23 ± 18 EG 150 ± 24 163 ± 13 114 ± 7 159 ± 13 28 ± 10 69 ± 50 DIP 142 ± 19 171 ± 14 114 ± 15 162 ± 23 24 ± 3 33 ± 21 DIP + EG 145 ± 23 156 ± 31 99 ± 21 145 ± 32 32 ± 4 110 ± 41 Thus, combination of antihistamine-steriod pretreatment and dipyridamole vasodilation enables enhanced visualization of myocardial perfusion by reduced doses of EG without significant hemodynamic effects. This approach may be of value in achieving myocardial opacification in patients with EG without incurring side effects.
Observations on the artisanal prawn fishery in the shallow coastal waters off Chilaw during 1994-1995

Keywords: Chilaw, log rafts, Penaeus, prawn fishery, trammel nets DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v28i1.2932 J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka 2000 28(1): 17-27
Differential adenoassociated virus vector-driven expression of a neuropeptide Y gene in primary rat brain astroglial cultures after transfection with sendai virosomes versus LipofectinTM

The ability of Sendai virosomes or LipofectinTM to introduce an AAV vector into primary rat brain astroglial cultures was characterized. The pJDT95npy vector was constructed by inserting rat NPY cDNA downstream from the indigenous AAV p5, p19 and p40 promoters in pJDT95. LipofectinTM-mediated transfection with pJDT95npy (10 μg) resulted in pronounced expression of several NPY mRNA species: p5-driven (3.3 kb), p19-driven (2.7 kb) and p40-driven (0.6, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.8 kb). Exposure to virosomally encapsulated pJDT95npy (50 or 100 ng) resulted in transient expression of some p40-driven mRNA species (0.8 and 1.8 kb). Neither method produced astroglia cells which synthesized mature NPY immunoreactivity. This demonstrates that an AAV-derived vector can drive gene expression in astroglia, that Sendai virosomes can infuse vectors into astroglia, but that the amount of DNA infused in this manner may limit long term expression.
Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for detection of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1).

An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the quantitative measurement of L-cell colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). According to this method, purified antigen (CSF-1) was allowed to adsorb to polystyrene or polyvinyl microtiter wells, which were then incubated with specific rat anti-CSF-1 antiserum with or without standard antigen or unknown test samples. The amount of antibody bound to the solid phase was then quantitated by enzyme (horseradish peroxidase)-conjugated rabbit anti-rat immunoglobulin antibody. This assay has a sensitivity comparable to that of the bioassay (~, 5 U) and can be carried out in a single day.
Solution separation and Chi-Squared ARAIM for fault detection and exclusion

Future multi-constellation Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) will provide a large number of redundant ranging signals, which will improve the performance of receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), but it will also increase the probability of satellite faults, thereby increasing the continuity risk. In response, in this paper, a new Chi-Squared (Chi2) RAIM approach to fault detection and exclusion (FDE) is developed, and compared to Solution Separation (SS) RAIM. The paper first introduces complete integrity and continuity risk equations for Chi2 RAIM FDE, which are currently missing in the literature. Probability bounds are developed, which express the fact that the reduction in continuity risk obtained using exclusion comes at the cost of a higher integrity risk. It is then shown that the Chi2 approach can provide a tighter integrity risk bound as compared to SS, but the SS bound enables risk evaluation in practical implementations where computation resources are limited. Finally, the SS and Chi2 FDE integrity and continuity risk bounds are implemented to establish worldwide availability maps for Advanced RAIM (ARAIM) in an example aircraft approach application using GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and Beidou satellite constellations.
Evaluation of Hepatic Tumor Response to Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Therapy Using Texture Signatures Generated from Contrast-enhanced CT Images

Rationale and Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the use of texture features generated from liver computed tomographic (CT) datasets as potential image-based indicators of patient response to radioembolization (RE) with yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres, an emerging locoregional therapy for advanced-stage liver cancer.
A Theory of the Hydrodynamic Film Thickness in Centrally Pivoted Oil-Lubricated Plane-Pad Thrust Bearings

An analytical model is developed in this article for pivoted, oil-lubricated rectangular plane-pad thrust bearings considering the thermal effects of oil viscosity. The model is governed by three dimensionless parameters: the pad length-to-width ratio, the location of the pad pivot, and the bearing load parameter that prescribes lubricant thermal properties and applied load. Analyses were carried out for centrally pivoted bearings of a number of pad length-to-width ratios and a number of bearing load parameters. The results suggest a theory that, for bearings with a square pad or wider, the oil viscosity thermal effect enables a centrally pivoted bearing to develop a hydrodynamic film thickness of about one half of the film thickness that would be developed under isothermal conditions with the pad pivoted at its maximum-load-capacity optimal position. This level of relative film thickness could be developed under all design conditions of practical interest. The theory is fairly general and may be applicab...
Zooming in on Downward Causation

An attempt is made to identify a concept of ‘downward causation’ that will fit the claims of some recent writers and apply to interesting cases in biology and cognitive theory, but not to trivial cases. After noting some difficulties in achieving this task, it is proposed that in interesting cases commonly used to illustrate ‘downward causation’, (a) regularities hold between multiply realizable properties and (b) the explanation of the parallel regularity at the level of the realizing properties is non-trivial. It is argued that the relation between a realizable property and the property that realizes its effect in a particular case is not usefully regarded as a species of causation and that use of the concept of downward causation deflects our attention from our central explanatory tasks.
A Null-Field Method for Estimating Underground Position

The geometric characteristics of low-frequency magnetic dipole fields and their relative insensitivity to the host media have made low-frequency coils useful for underground geolocation. A robust and succinct method is presented for converting dipole field measurements into estimates of receiver position. A noisy half-space model of the Earth is used to model the receiving environment. A perfectly conducting sphere immersed in a homogeneous conducting background is used to study the localized effects of buried metals.
The right to procreate and in utero fetal therapy.

This article analyzes the legal right to procreative privacy and its implications for the development of in utero surgical and therapeutic techniques. Procreative autonomy involves power over the decision not to reproduce the decision to reproduce and control of the characteristics of offspring. Recent advances in reproductive technology have the potential to create conflicts among the interests of fetus mother and physician especially given their experimental status. For example prenatal therapy to correct a congenital anomaly may pose risks that could harm the fetus or mother to a greater degree than no therapy. On the other hand when prenatal techniques have been established as safe and effective conflicts can arise when a mother refuses a procedure that a physician feels is essential for the survival of the fetus. Whereas mothers are neither legally nor morally obligated to accept experimental methods they can be penalized criminally or civilly for refusing tested interventions. If a physician accedes to a mothers refusal he could be criminally liable for feticide or child neglect; if he insists on the surgery there exists the risk of being found liable for assault and battery by the mother. This dilemma underscores the importance of the involvement of hospital administrators lawyers child welfare authorities and the courts in such cases. As reproductive technology develops further some decisions women make about procreation will be limited especially the right to control the characteristics of ones offspring. Careful attention to the different aspects of procreative rights will be required to relieve the dilemmas that will emerge.