cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zinc oxide nanocrystal quenching of emission from electron-rich ruthenium-bipyridine complexes

A series of heteroleptic bipyridine ruthenium complexes were prepared using known synthetic methods. Each compound incorporated one electron withdrawing 4,4′-dicarboxylic acid-2,2′-bipyridine and two bipyridines each of which had electron donating dialkylamine substituents in the 4 and 4′ positions. The electronic absorption spectra exhibited absorptions that moved to lower energy as the donor ability of the amine substituent increased. Density functional calculations established that the HOMO was delocalized over the metal and two pyridine groups located trans to the pyridines of the dicarboxylic acid bipyridine. The LUMO was delocalized over the dicarboxylic acid bipyridine. Cyclic voltammetry of the deprotonated compounds exhibit one quasi-reversible oxidation and three reductions. Coupled with the emission data, the excited state reduction potentials were estimated to range from −0.93 to −1.03 V vs. NHE. Monodispersed 3.2 nm diameter nanocrystals (NCs) of zinc oxide were found to quench partially the excited state of the dyes via a static quenching electron transfer process involving the formation of a dyad of the complex and the NC. The magnitude of the partial quenching of complexed dyes was correlated to the distribution of band gaps for the NCs, which is an inverse function of diameter. Dyes attached to the NCs on the small end of the particle size distribution had electron transfer rates that were uncompetitive with radiative and nonradiative decay mechanisms.
ENHANCING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE SEPTIC BACTERIUM DETECTION METHOD BY CONCENTRATING THE PHAGE-INFECTED BACTERIA VIA DC ELECTRICAL CURRENT

In this Letter, we propose a simple method to strongly enhance the sensitivity of the detection of the new technique called "SEnsing of Phage-Triggered Ion Cascade (SEPTIC)". The method accumulates those phage infected bacteria which are emitting ions and releases those which have stopped the ion emission activity. The estimated increasing of the sensitivity can reach several orders of magnitude at practical conditions.
CHANGING GOALS TO INCREASE STOCK PRICE

The choice of a primary financial goal is considered an important part of any organization's planning process. A lingering question is whether stockholder welfare can really be affected by a company's decision to change this goal.
Imaging optical singularities: Understanding the duality of C-points and optical vortices

We image optical singularities by exploiting the connection between scalar and vector fields. We examine the sensitivity of optical vortices to perturbations and suggest a method of study via imaging polarimetry of the optical field. This is possible by converting optical vortices to polarization-singularity C-points. We present the deliberate creation of C-points using a superposition of two circularly polarized beams of opposite helicity, with a phase vortex in one and a planar wavefront in the other. We present a theoretical analysis and measurements of the transformation of C-points from lemon to star, going through the monstar stage. We do this by varying the phase gradient of the optical vortex.
Cytogenetic changes in the progression of lymphoma.

The study of chromosomal changes related to tumor progression in NHL is complicated by the various histologic classification systems and the lack of large serial studies comparing abnormalities at different disease stages. The T-cell lymphomas frequently involve rearrangements of the T-cell receptors and tumor progression is marked by a change from single cell aberrations and polyclonality in low grade disease to monoclonal formation, complex clones, polyploidy, and abnormalities of 1p, 6q, 7, and 13 in high grade T-NHL. In B-cell NHL, specific translocations and oncogene rearrangements are associated with specific NHL subtypes de novo; many of these translocations involve immunoglobulin genes, such as t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma, t(11; 14) in MCL, t(3;14) in DLLC, and t(8;14) in Burkitt's lymphoma. Tumor progression is associated with secondary abnormalities which are generally not confined to a particular NHL subtype. Some abnormalities, such as those involving chromosomes 1, 6, and 17, >4-6 clonal ...
Isolation and characterization of a human ileocecal carcinoma cell line (HCT-8) subclone resistant to fluorodeoxyuridine

Abstract A 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd)-resistant subclone (Fd9XR) of HCT-8 (human ileocecal carcinoma) cells was established by two schedules of drug exposure. Initially, cells were exposed to short-term (3 hr) 100 nM FdUrd repeatedly (9 cycles over 8 months), and cells were then exposed to 10 nM FdUrd continuously. During this latter stage, a colony (Fd9XR) with fast growth rate was isolated, expanded, and characterized with respect to mechanisms of resistance to FdUrd and cross-resistance to other chemotherapeutic agents. Fd9XR cells were 1000-fold resistant to FdUrd, but 3-fold more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil (FUra) than HCT-8 cells. After a 3-hr treatment with FdUrd, Fd9XR cells accumulated 6630-, 69-, and 3.7-fold less fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP), fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP) and acid-insoluble materials, respectively, than HCT-8 cells. However, when FUra was substituted for FdUrd, Fd9XR cells accumulated 9.2-, 3.1-, and 2.3-fold more FdUMP, FUTP and acid-insoluble materials, respectively, than HCT-8 cells. Fd9XR and HCT-8 were similar in their growth rates, combined pools of 5,10-methylenetetrahydroiolates (5,10-CH 2 H 4 PteGlu n ) and tetrahydrofolates (H 4 PTeGlu n ), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) activity, and level and activity of thymidylate synthase (TS). In contrast, thymidine kinase (TK) activity of Fd9XR was 0.23 and 0.35% of that of HCT-8, for thymidine (dThd) and FdUrd as substrates, respectively. Furthermore, Fd9XR cells exhibited greater sensitivity to the antifolate TS inhibitor ICI D1694 and to methotrexate (MTX) than HCT-8 cells. In addition, dThd alone and in combination with hypoxanthine did not offer any protection against the cytotoxic effect of ICI D1694 in Fd9XR cells. These results indicate that in Fd9XR cells (1) TK deficiency is the primary mechanism of resistance to FdUrd; (2) the greater sensitivity to FUra was associated with higher pools of FdUMP and FUTP with a subsequently higher level of incorporation into cellular RNA; and (3) antifolate compounds, e.g. ICI D1694 and MTX, could be useful agents in the treatment of FdUrd-resistant tumors associated with decreased TK activity and decreased capacity of utilizing dThd.
Simultaneous T1 and B1+ Mapping using Reference Region Variable Flip Angle Imaging

Purpose To present a new method that can simultaneously and efficiently measure T1 and B1+ maps using reference region variable flip angle (RR-VFA) imaging. Methods Assuming T1 relaxation time in a reference region such as fat is well characterized, and the reference region sufficiently covers smoothly varying B1+ field inhomogeneity, B1+ maps can be measured from VFA images, conventionally used for T1 measurements. Fat-only images from two-point Dixon acquisitions were used to compute B1+ maps, and the B1+ maps were compared with ones using the double-angle method (DAM) in 22 breast MRI patients at 3T. Additionally, high spatial resolution VFA images were acquired to show T1 measurements with and without the RR-VFA B1+ correction in six patients. Results RR-VFA is able to generate reliable B1+ maps, similar to those using the conventional DAM. This simultaneous T1 and B1+ mapping can also be used to reduce T1 estimation errors, where T1 maps have more uniform fibroglandular tissue T1 and better depiction of heterogeneous T1 of breast masses. Conclusion A new method that can measure both T1 and B1+ maps based on Dixon VFA images is described, offering improved T1 quantification with no scan time penalty. Magn Reson Med, 70:954–961, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethanolamine: A Signal to Commence a Host-Associated Lifestyle?

Ethanolamine (EA) is a compound prevalent in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment. The ability to catabolize this compound has been associated with important GI pathogens, including enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC). It has been hypothesized that the ability of EHEC to utilize EA as a source of nitrogen provides EHEC with an important competitive advantage in the gut. However, new work by Kendall et al. (mBio 3:e00050-12, 2012) suggests that the role of EA in EHEC pathogenesis may be more fundamental; EA appears to be a signal for EHEC to commence its virulence program. In this commentary, I review the previously described connections of EA to bacterial pathogenesis in the GI tract, highlight the important findings of this new study, and note areas where further research is needed to fully comprehend the connection of EA utilization to bacterial pathogenesis.
Purification of ten transfer ribonucleic acids from E. coli K-12 MO.

A flowsheet has been developed which leads to the purification of 10 transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) from E. coli K-12 MO. Crude tRNAs were recovered by phenol extraction and two ethanol precipitation steps. The initial separation of the crude tRNA mixture was achieved by RPC-3 reversed-phase chromatography. Following rechromatography under other conditions, the following tRNAs were recovered at a purity of 70 to 100%: arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, formylmethionine-1, formylmethionine-3, normal methionine, phcnylalanine-1, phenylalaninc-2, and valine. Recoveries for these tRNAs ranged from 15 to 60%. The flowsheet was demonstrated with chromatogaphic runs ranging from 1,300 to 250,000 A260 units per run. The chromatographic steps were simple and readily reproducible.
Influence of Body CO2 Stores on Ventilatory-Metabolic Coupling During Exercise

During the steady state of moderate exercise, ventilation (VE) is closely matched to pulmonary gas exchange rates (VO2, VCO2) and, therefore, to current metabolic demands. This maintains arterial PCO2(PaCO2), pH (pHa) and PO2 at, or close to, their resting levels. For the nonsteady state, however, the presence of intervening gas stores and circulatory delays between the sites of increased metabolic rate and the lungs transiently dissociates pulmonary and tissue gas exchange. The influence of the appreciable body CO2 capacitance educes VCO2 kinetics which are substantially slower than for VO2 but similar to those of VE.1, 2, 3, 4 The close co-relation between VCO2 and VE kinetics (with little change of PaCO2) has led to the proposal of a CO2-linked control of VE during moderate exercise, although the precise mechanisms involved remain conjectural.
A Detailed Evaluation of GPCP 1° Daily Rainfall Estimates over the Mississippi River Basin

Abstract This study provides an intensive evaluation of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) 1° daily (1DD) rainfall products over the Mississippi River basin, which covers 435 1° latitude × 1° longitude grids for the period of January 1997–December 2000 using radar-based precipitation estimates. The authors’ evaluation criteria include unconditional continuous, conditional (quasi) continuous, and categorical statistics, and their analyses cover annual and seasonal time periods. The authors present spatial maps that reflect the results for the 1° grids and a summary of the results for three selected regions. They also develop a statistical framework that partitions the GPCP–radar difference statistics into GPCP error and radar error statistics. They further partition the GPCP error statistics into sampling error and retrieval error statistics and estimate the sampling error statistics using a data-based resampling experiment. Highlights of the results include the following: 1) the GPCP 1DD ...
Regulation of Glutamate Release by α7 Nicotinic Receptors: Differential Role in Methamphetamine-Induced Damage to Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Terminals

Regulation of glutamate release is an important underlying mechanism in mediating excitotoxic events such as damage to dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurons observed after exposure to methamphetamine (Meth). One way to regulate glutamate release may be through the modulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors. Meth administration is known to increase acetylcholine release; however, it is unknown whether Meth increases glutamate release and causes long-term damage to both DA and 5-HT terminals through the activation of α7 nACh receptors. To test this hypothesis, the α7 nACh receptor antagonist, methyllycaconitine (MLA), was administered before the administration of repeated doses of Meth while simultaneously monitoring extracellular striatal glutamate with in vivo microdialysis. In addition, the subsequent long-term decreases in markers of dopaminergic and serotonergic terminals, including DA reuptake transporter (DAT), serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), vesicular monoamine transporter-2, vesicular DA, and vesicular 5-HT content in the rat striatum, were measured. The results show that MLA pretreatment prevented Meth-induced increases in striatal glutamate and protected against the subsequent long-term decreases in striatal DAT and vesicular DA content without affecting the hyperthermia produced by Meth. In contrast, the Meth-induced decreases in striatal SERT immunoreactivity and vesicular 5-HT content were not affected by MLA. This suggests that the α7 nACh receptor differentially mediates glutamate-dependent damage to DA but not 5-HT terminals in a manner that is independent of hyperthermia. Furthermore, antagonism of α7 nACh receptors may be a possible therapeutic strategy for decreasing extracellular glutamate and preventing the excitotoxic damage observed in other DA-related neurodegenerative disorders.
DNA replication, chromatin structure, and histone phosphorylation altered by theophylline in synchronized HeLa S3 cells

The onset of DNA replication normally is coincident with an increase in histone 1 phosphorylation and a relaxation in chromatin structure. In this paper we show that 5 mM theophylline, added 2 h after selective detachment to synchronized HeLa-S-3 cells, delays the onset and reduces the rate of DNA synthesis while theophylline treatment beginning at 8 h has no effect on subsequent DNA synthesis. These actions of theophylline are accompanied by an inhibition of histone 1 phosphorylation and a prevention of the normal relaxation in chromatin structure between G1 and S phases as revealed by image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. The time courses of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, nonhistone protein phosphorylation, and [3H]lysine incorporation are also compared in the same treated and untreated synchronized HeLa cells. Comparison with experiments using 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) shows that the above phenomena are not a direct result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. We interpret our results as evidence that the associations between histone 1 phosphorylation, chromatin relaxation, and the onset of DNA synthesis are temporally and causally related.
Some multiple decision problems in analysis of variance

In most practical situations to which the analysis of variance tests are applied, they do not supply the information that the experimenter aims at. If, for example, in one-way ANOVA the hypothesis is rejected in actual application of the F-test, the resulting conclusion that the true means θ1,…,θk are not all equal, would by itself usually be insufficient to satisfy the experimenter. In fact his problems would begin at this stage. The experimenter may desire to select the “best” population or a subset of the “good” populations; he may like to rank the populations in order of “goodness” or he may like to draw some other inferences about the parameters of interest. The extensive literature on selection and ranking procedures depends heavily on the use of independence between populations (block, treatments, etc.) in the analysis of variance. In practical applications, it is desirable to drop this assumption or independence and consider cases more general than the normal. In the present paper, we derive a met...
Requirements specification for process-control systems

The paper describes an approach to writing requirements specifications for process-control systems, a specification language that supports this approach, and an example application of the approach and the language on an industrial aircraft collision avoidance system (TCAS II). The example specification demonstrates: the practicality of writing a formal requirements specification for a complex, process-control system; and the feasibility of building a formal model of a system using a specification language that is readable and reviewable by application experts who are not computer scientists or mathematicians. Some lessons learned in the process of this work, which are applicable both to forward and reverse engineering, are also presented. >
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with a segmented detector

A segmented silicon detector has been developed for the Stony Brook soft x-ray scanning transmission x-ray microscope. The detector combines good detective quantum efficiency (90% at 520 e' and low noise (5 photons/ channel/ integration at 520 eV) with the ability of having up to 10 independent sensitive regions that are matched to the microscope geometry. In addition to the usual bright field images, differential phase contrast images and dark field images are recorded simultaneously in one scan. A Fourier filtering method has been employed to recover an estimate of the sample absorption and phase shift from the partially coherent images collected on the detector segments. 'A reconstruction of a Germanium test pattern exhibits good agreement between the predictions from the tabulated x-ray optical constants and the experiment.
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) Perchlorate

[14057-91-1] C8H12ClCuN4O4 (MW 327.24) InChI = 1S/4C2H3N.ClHO4.Cu/c4*1-2-3;2-1(3,4)5;/h4*1H3;(H,2,3,4,5);/q;;;;;+1/p-1 InChIKey = FXYIJMLSVDZYOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M (catalyst for Ullmann reaction,1 cyclopropanation,4, 5 ring expansions of cyclic and cyclopropyl ketones,2, 3 aziridine formation;7 precursor of other complex catalysts6) Physical Data: white crystals that decompose slowly in moist air;9 mp 164–166 °C;9 IR ν 2270 (CN), 1092, 622 (ClO4−) cm−1.10 Solubility: sol toluene, CH2Cl2, MeCN. Form Supplied in: prepared as needed. Analysis of Reagent Purity: gravimetric determination9 or EDTA titration10 of Cu; perchlorate analysis via the tetraphenylarsonium salt.10 Preparative Methods: several available, e.g. modification of the known hexafluorophosphate procedure,11 reaction of Copper(I) Oxide and Acetonitrile in perchloric acid,12 the combination of CuClO4 and MeCN in 2-butanol,10 and refluxing Cu(ClO4)2 in MeCN with excess copper powder9 or turnings.2 Purification: can be recryst from MeCN and dried under nitrogen in vacuo at 80 °C for 12 h.13, 14 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: irritant; moisture sensitive; handle under inert atmosphere. Occasional mild explosions have been reported with dry organic perchlorate salts.10 Use in a fume hood.
NMR Studies of Solvent Dynamics in High Solids Alumina Slurries

Solid state 13C NMR techniques have been used to study the mobility of both toluene and ethanol in slurries containing 70% alumina by weight. A comparison of relative signal intensities from cross polarization experiments, and from single excitation experiments under static conditions (no sample spinning) shows that a portion of the solvent molecules are immobilized with “solid” characteristics, while a majority of the molecules exist in mobile or “liquid” like environments. The immobilized solvent is rigid enough to cross polarize with protons, and hence it is characterized by long correlation times, and by a high viscosity. The remainder of the solvent is too mobile to cross polarize, and hence it is characterized by a lower viscosity. The results suggest that solvent is partitioned with the most viscous components being bound near the particle surfaces. These experiments and calculations will be discussed along with the implied effects of solvent partitioning on bulk rheological behavior.
Behavioral Cues from Children: Analysis of Adult Responses to Childhood Danger vs. Non-Danger Situations.

A common problem facing individuals is caregiver competency, i.e. responding to and en suring children's well-being. Traditional socialization theory assumes that information (in cluding that regarding health and safety topics) flows from parent to child. Current research takes the opposite approach, i.e. children's behavioral cues influence adult responses to them. This study tests an “experience” hypothesis by analyzing responses of a mother and a student sample to children depicted in a nonthreatening and a danger setting. Significant differences in type of response of adults to children were found for both settings. Findings are interpreted via the “experience” hypothesis in caregiving.
Melanoma and melanocytes: pigmentation, tumor progression, and the immune response to cancer.

Publisher Summary Melanoma is a remarkable model to study tumor progression. The normal cell counterpart, the melanocyte, can be readily cultured in vitro, and lesions representing benign precursors and early and late stages in progression are readily accessible for study in both in vitro and in vivo. There is an array of markers whose expression is tightly regulated during malignant transformation and tumor progression, including growth factors, their receptors, adhesion molecules, and cell surface enzymes. With regard to growth factors, bFGF is particularly interesting as a potential autocrine factor acquired during melanoma progression. The ability of melanoma to spread widely (and very rarely regress spontaneously) is legendary among oncologists. Melanoma can metastasize to almost any organ in the body (for instance, it is one of the few cancers that metastasizes regularly to the heart). Studies of melanoma have given important insights into the immune response to cancer and have formed significant paradigms for malignant transformation and progression of human tumors. These studies have also provided useful tools for dissecting cellular aspects of pigmentation and genetics and development of skin and coat color. This chapter reviews recent progress in the biology, genetics, and immunology of melanocytes and melanoma, with particular emphasis on advances that have implications for diagnosis and therapy of human disease.
ChIP-Seq: advantages and challenges of a maturing technology

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a technique for genome-wide profiling of DNA-binding proteins, histone modifications or nucleosomes. Owing to the tremendous progress in next-generation sequencing technology, ChIP-seq offers higher resolution, less noise and greater coverage than its array-based predecessor ChIP-chip. With the decreasing cost of sequencing, ChIP-seq has become an indispensable tool for studying gene regulation and epigenetic mechanisms. In this Review, I describe the benefits and challenges in harnessing this technique with an emphasis on issues related to experimental design and data analysis. ChIP-seq experiments generate large quantities of data, and effective computational analysis will be crucial for uncovering biological mechanisms.
Herbicidal activity of eight isothiocyanates on Texas panicum (Panicum texanum), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the herbicidal activity of five aliphatic (ethyl, propyl, butyl, allyl, and 3-methylthiopropyl) and three aromatic (phenyl, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl) isothiocyanates on Texas panicum, large crabgrass, and sicklepod. All isothiocyanates were applied to soil at 0, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 nmol g−1 of soil and incorporated. Weed emergence was generally stimulated at the lower isothiocyanate concentrations, but all isothiocyanates provided 37% or more suppression of each species at the highest concentration. Propyl and allyl isothiocyanate were most effective in suppressing Texas panicum, with 50% effective dose (ED50) values of 345 and 409 nmol g−1 of soil. All aliphatic isothiocyanates reduced Texas panicum density by at least 98%. Allyl and 3-methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate were the most effective aliphatics on large crabgrass, with density reductions of 98 and 100%, respectively. All aromatic isothiocyanates reduced large crabgrass density by 86 to...
Personality and Hazardous Judgment Patterns Within A Student Civil Aviation Population

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality profiles and hazardous judgment patterns within a student civil aviation population. Thirty subjects receiving private pilot instrnction from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certified flight schools or independent private instrnctor pilots in central Texas successfully completed testing. Two instrnments were employed: the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Form G--Self-Scorable (Briggs & Myers, 1987), and an inventory designed by researchers at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University to measure pilot hazardous attitudes (Berlin, et al., 1982). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's r. While the results provided limited support for the existence of personality/hazardous attitude relationships, they failed to support the research hypothesis at the level of significance established (p<.05). Results from the Embry-Riddle inventory demonstrated strong similarities to those obtained by earlier researchers (Lester & Bombaci, 1984). Type distribution from the MBTI suggested the existence of an aggregate personality profile considerably distinct from the general population at large.
Phase I study of docetaxel and 153Sm repetitively administered for castrate metastatic prostate cancer (CMPC)

5001 Background: Tax prolongs survival in patients (pts) with CMPC. Early clinical data suggest that Tax combined with bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals may improve survival relative to chemotherap...
CSinParallel: Using WebMapReduce to Teach Parallel Computing Concepts, Hands-on (Abstract Only)

Map-reduce computation is the on-ramp to data-intensive cloud computing, and arguably the most widely deployed form of parallel/distributed computing. Participants will carry out exercises designed for students at CS1, intermediate, and advanced levels that introduce data-intensive scalable computing concepts using WebMapReduce (WMR), a simplified open-source interface to the dominant Hadoop map-reduce programming environment. WMR supports programming in a choice of languages including Python, Java, C++, and C#. Besides a hands-on experience with introductory teaching materials, the workshop includes an overview of teaching advanced map-reduce programming using WMR, and a comparison of WMR to direct Hadoop programming. All materials will reside on csinparallel.org, and the demonstration WMR system is reservable for participants' courses. Intended audience: CS instructors. Web-enabled laptop required.
The subcloud-layer eddy kinetic energy budget of a microburst-producing thunderstorm determined from jaws dual-Doppler measurements

Dual-Doppler data collected from 1646 to 1648 MDT on 14 July, 1982 in Colorado were employed to study the eddy kinetic energy budget in the subcloud layer of a microburst-producing thunderstorm during its mature stage. Each term in the budget equation was computed from the Doppler-derived winds and retrieved thermodynamic fields within the 10 by 10 km horizontal domain. Results show that in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) where the microburst dominates, the turbulent flow extracts energy from the mean flow in order for the microburst to maintain its strong diverging outflow at low levels. The vertical transport of eddy kinetic energy is predominantly downward in the low layer due to the organized downdrafts in the microburst area. The horizontal flux convergence (divergence) of eddy kinetic energy by the mean and eddying motions is approximately balanced by that of the vertical flux divergence (convergence). Similarly, the contributions from the pressure and buoyancy production terms are nearly in balance. As a result, a net change of the eddy kinetic energy generation in the subcloud layer is relatively small in comparison with the individual term in the budget equation.
Microfluidic Synthesis and Functional Patterning for Advanced Nanotechnology

In this study, we introduce ‘molecularly imprinted polymer' (MIP) system, which has receptor or binding sites with specific molecular recognitions. Due to the receptor or binding sites in MIP's systems, it can be used for developing bio- or chemical sensors. To fabricate bio-sensors, bio-molecules have been incorporated into MIP's systems as template molecules, but some bio-molecules are sensitive thus denatured during engineering processes. For this reason, bio-sensor fabrications by conventional UV photolithography have shown some limitations. We demonstrate here a photopatterning process, a micromolding in capillary technique (MIMIC) technique, to photopatterning a MIP's system containing a bio-molecule template. The MIMIC technique uses the photo-masks for photopolymerizing MIP's monomer solutions. The photomask is based on silicon rubbers, which are optically transparent and also minimize any damages of sensitive bio-molecules during photo-polymerizations. For visualizing lithographic performances of MIP's systems, we used a fluorescent template molecule to present a comparative result of MIP's photo-cured patterns. It shows a clear different in MIP's patterns with and without the template. We also employed a microfluidic approach to produce micro-sized MIP's particles, which contribute to increase the sensitivity of bio-molecule sensors/devices.
Heterodyne Detected Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy of NO2/N2O4 (monomer/dimer) in the Gase Phase

N2O4 is studied by heterodyne detected FWM. Vibrational dynamics in the ground state are observed and assigned to N-N stretch and torsion. Rotational revivals on picosecond time were used to get information about the geometry.
Effect of increasing lipid loads on the ability of the endoplasmic reticulum to transport lipid to the Golgi

We have previously shown (Mansbach, C. M. and P. J. Nevin, 1998. J. Lipid Res. 39: 963-968) that after the development of a mass steady state with respect to triacyl- glycerol absorption in rats, the introduction of radiolabeled trioleoylglycerol, while maintaining the input rate of tri- oleoylglycerol constant at 135 m mol/h, was followed by a slow (60 min) achievement of a radiolabel steady state in the intestinal endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We hypothesized that this was due to the large input load and that the time to steady state would be shorter at lower lipid loads. Rats were infused intraduodenally with 22.5, 45, 90, or 135 m mol tri- oleoylglycerol/h for 6 h to obtain a mass steady state in the intestine. ( 3 H)trioleoylglycerol was added to the infusate and the ER and Golgi were isolated from the proximal in- testine after 5-60 min of radiolabel infusion. The time re- quired to reach a radiolabel steady state in the ER length- ened from 10 min at the 22.5 m mol/h infusion rate to 60 min at the 135 m mol/h rate. Similar data were obtained for the Golgi. Incubation of the ER with lipase reduced the ER-triacylglycerol amount by 43% and increased its spe- cific activity by 73%. The amount of ( 3 H)TG-dpm in the ER was not reduced unless taurocholate, 10 m M , and colipase were added. We conclude that as the rate of triacylgly- cerol infusion is increased, TG movement from the ER to the Golgi progressively lengthens until finally all the tri- acylglycerol infused cannot be transported. A portion of this triacylglycerol is disposed on the cytoplasmic face of the ER and thus able to be attacked by lipase whereas another frac- tion is sequestered in the ER lumen and immune to lipase attack unless the ER membrane is solubilized. —Mansbach, C. M., and R. Dowell. Effect of increasing lipid loads on the ability of the endoplasmic reticulum to transport lipid to the Golgi. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 605-612.
Research and Application of Economic Law Management System of State Grid Corporation of China

Economic law management system mainly deals with law related business using advanced information technology.According to the requirements of law related business and SG186 engineering construction,the vertical data sharing among headquarter,provincial and other directly controlled companies and horizontal integration with other business applications are realized.The system enhances the management of important economic contracts and cases,and reduces the legal risk of business,and raises management efficiency.
“You Are Just the Person to Write, Why Don’t You?”

When Ada and John Galsworthy married, at the fashionable St George’s, Hanover Square, on 23 September 1905, she signed her name as Ada Nemesis Pearson Cooper Galsworthy, the daughter of Emanuel Cooper. John’s two sisters were the witnesses signing the marriage certificate.1 Marrot’s biography also claims that she was “the daughter of Emanuel Cooper, MD, of Norwich”,2 although it says not another word about her or her background before her first marriage to Arthur Galsworthy on 30 April 1891. Later documents, like a 1936 passport3 and a French identity card from the First World War,4 consistently give her date of birth as 21 November 1866, the date that is also used in the elaborate family tree that Galsworthy began and Rudolf Sauter completed. Yet, as Catherine Dupre has demonstrated, in her 1976 biography, Ada was probably not Dr Cooper’s daughter and was probably born, illegitimately, on 21 November 1864.5 A prominent obstetrician in Norwich during the 1860s and 1870s, Dr Cooper was fond of making elaborate wills. He first mentions Ada in a will dated 24 August 1866, describing her as less than two years’ old and living with her brother, Arthur Charles, two years older than she, and her mother at 36 Victoria Street in Norwich, a house Dr Cooper owned but did not live in.
An Empirical Study on Performance Bugs for Highly Configurable Software Systems

Modern computer systems are highly-configurable, complicating the testing and debugging process. The sheer size of the configuration space makes the quality of software even harder to achieve. Performance is one of the key aspects of non-functional qualities, where performance bugs can cause significant performance degradation and lead to poor user experience. However, performance bugs are difficult to expose, primarily because detecting them requires specific inputs, as well as a specific execution environment (e.g., configurations). While researchers have developed techniques to analyze, quantify, detect, and fix performance bugs, we conjecture that many of these techniques may not be effective in highly-configurable systems. In this paper, we study the challenges that configurability creates for handling performance bugs. We study 113 real-world performance bugs, randomly sampled from three highly-configurable open-source projects: Apache, MySQL and Firefox. The findings of this study provide a set of lessons learned and guidance to aid practitioners and researchers to better handle performance bugs in highly-configurable software systems.
Size no longer matters.

Recent advances in single-cell genomic profiling have transformed our ability to characterize cell types and states and also uncover salient molecular pathways and biomarkers. Yet, most single-cell transcriptomic methods only capture long poly-adenylated RNAs, such as mRNAs, and overlook small ones
Eggs and Health Special Issue

In 1968, the American Heart Association recommended the consumption of no more than 300 mg/day of dietary cholesterol and emphasized that no more than 3 eggs should be eaten per week, resulting in substantial reductions in egg consumption, not just by diseased populations but alsobyhealthyindividuals,andmoreimportantlybypoorcommunitiesinundevelopedcountieswho were advised against consuming a highly nutritious food.[...]
Review: Zinc’s functional significance in the vertebrate retina

This review covers a broad range of topics related to the actions of zinc on the cells of the vertebrate retina. Much of this review relies on studies in which zinc was applied exogenously, and therefore the results, albeit highly suggestive, lack physiologic significance. This view stems from the fact that the concentrations of zinc used in these studies may not be encountered under the normal circumstances of life. This caveat is due to the lack of a zinc-specific probe with which to measure the concentrations of Zn(2+) that may be released from neurons or act upon them. However, a great deal of relevant information has been garnered from studies in which Zn(2+) was chelated, and the effects of its removal compared with findings obtained in its presence. For a more complete discussion of the consequences of depletion or excess in the body's trace elements, the reader is referred to a recent review by Ugarte et al. in which they provide a detailed account of the interactions, toxicity, and metabolic activity of the essential trace elements iron, zinc, and copper in retinal physiology and disease. In addition, Smart et al. have published a splendid review on the modulation by zinc of inhibitory and excitatory amino acid receptor ion channels.
Replacement Beef Cow Valuation under Data Availability Constraints.

Economists are often tasked with estimating the benefits or costs associated with livestock production losses; however, lack of available data or absence of consistent reporting can reduce the accuracy of these valuations. This work looks at three potential estimation techniques for determining the value for replacement beef cows with varying types of market data to proxy constrained data availability and discusses the potential margin of error for each technique. Oklahoma bred replacement cows are valued using hedonic pricing based on Oklahoma bred cow data—a best case scenario--vector error correction modeling (VECM) based on national cow sales data, and cost-of-production (COP) based on just a representative enterprise budget and very limited sales data. Each method was then used to perform a within-sample forecast of 2016 January to December and forecasts are compared to the 2016 monthly observed market prices in Oklahoma using the mean absolute percent error (MAPE). Hedonic pricing methods tend to over-value for within-sample forecasting but performed best, as measured by mean absolute percent error for high quality cows. The VECM tended to undervalue cows, but performed best for younger animals. COP performed well, compared to the more data intensive methods. Examining each method individually across 8 representative replacement beef female types, the VECM forecast resulted in a MAPE under 10% for 33% of forecasted months, followed by hedonic pricing at 24% of the forecasted months and cost of production at 14% of the forecasted months for average quality beef females. For high quality females, the hedonic pricing method worked best producing a MAPE under 10% in 36% of the forecasted months followed by the COP method at 21% of months and the VECM at 14% of the forecasted months. These results suggested that livestock valuation method selection was not one-size-fits-all and may need to vary based not only on the data available, but also on the characteristics (e.g. quality or age) of the livestock being valued.
Benzobicyclon Activity on Common Louisiana Rice Weeds

A study was conducted at three locations in Louisiana to evaluate the response of common Louisiana rice weed species to different rates of application of benzobicyclon herbicide. Benzobicyclon was applied at 31, 62, 123, 185, 246, 493, 739, 986, and 1,232 g ai ha-1 into flooded field conditions when ducksalad was at the first elongated-leaf stage. Barnyardgrass, false pimpernel, and yellow nutsedge control never exceeded 50% from any rate of benzobicyclon applied, averaged across evaluation timing. Ducksalad control, averaged across evaluation timing, was 83% when treated with 493 g ha-1 and did not increase when treated with higher rates of benzobicyclon. At 42 d after treatment (DAT), purple ammannia and Indian toothcup treated with 185 and 246 g ha-1 of benzobicyclon were controlled 58% and 81%, respectively, and did not differ in control compared with higher rates of benzobicyclon. All weeds were hand-harvested from each plot and separated by species at the conclusion of the study. No differences in fresh-weight biomass were observed for barnyardgrass, false pimpernel, purple ammannia, or yellow nutsedge. Treatment with benzobicyclon at ≥62 g ha-1 resulted in reduced ducksalad fresh weight 42 DAT compared with the nontreated sample. Indian toothcup fresh weight was reduced 77% to 96% compared with the nontreated sample when treated with benzobicyclon at 246 to 1,232 g ha-1.Nomenclature: Benzobicyclon; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.; ducksalad, Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd.; false pimpernel, Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia; Indian toothcup, Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne; purple ammannia, Ammannia coccinea Rottb.; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L.
Model-based correction for local stress-induced overlay errors

Manufacturing embedded DRAM deep trench capacitors can involve etching very deep holes into silicon wafers1. Due to various design constraints, these holes may not be uniformly distributed across the wafer surface. Some wafer processing steps for these trenches results in stress effects which can distort the silicon wafer in a manner that creates localized alignment issues between the trenches and the structures built above them on the wafer. In this paper, we describe a method to model these localized silicon distortions for complex layouts involving billions of deep trench structures. We describe wafer metrology techniques and data which have been used to verify the stress distortion model accuracy. We also provide a description of how this kind of model can be used to manipulate the polygons in the mask tape out flow to compensate for predicted localized misalignments between design shapes from a deep trench mask and subsequent masks.
Gelling Properties of Proteins

The gelling capacity of food proteins is an important functional attribute for food manufacturing. Large numbers of important foods are gels in which the gelling ingredients are proteins. Together with pectins, starches and gums they form strong gels. The food industry uses different proteins to produce gels or gel-containing products which exhibit various rheological properties, appearance and gel point. Gelation is a basic process in the processing of various foods, milk gels, comminuted meat and fish products, other meat products, fruit jellies, bread doughs, pie and cake fillings, coagulated egg white and others.
Temporal diffeomorphic motion analysis from echocardiographic sequences by using intensity transitivity consistency

Quantitative motion analysis from echocardiography is an important yet challenging problem. We develop a motion estimation algorithm for echocardiographic sequences based on diffeomorphic image registration in which the velocity field is spatiotemporally smooth. The novelty of this work is that we propose a functional of the velocity field which minimizes the intensity consistency error of the local unwarped frames. The consistency error is measured as the sum of squared difference of the four frames evolving to any time point between the two inner frames of them. The estimated spatiotemporal transformation has maximum local transitivity consistency. We validate our method by using simulated images with known ground truth and real ultrasound datasets, experiment results indicate that our motion estimation method is more accurate than other methods.
BI APPLICATION: DASHBOARDS FOR HEALTHCARE

Business intelligence allows information to be incorporated into care provisioning, clinical research, organization, compensation and decisions making scenarios. There is an urgent need for providers to get useful information in a timely manner to improve care and business intelligence is the key. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on BI benefits in healthcare and the data visualization technology in delivering information to healthcare professionals. We contribute to the literature in the following areas: 1) overview the BI application areas in healthcare; 2) discuss BI application areas in healthcare; 3) provide several examples and use Xcelsius as a tool to illustrate dashboards design.
Comprehension of Single Versus Combined Modality Information by People With Aphasia

Purpose Every adult with aphasia displays a unique constellation of language comprehension skills and varies in the benefit derived from different content presentation formats. For many, multiple modality presentation enhances comprehension. This study's purpose was to determine the comprehension benefits for people with mild, moderate, and severe aphasia when hearing, reading, or simultaneously hearing and reading single sentences. Method Twenty-seven adults with aphasia performed a repeated-measures experiment across 3 conditions. Participants read and/or listened to sentence stimuli and selected from 4 images the 1 matching the sentence. Participants also indicated condition preference. Results Participants demonstrated significantly greatest accuracy during simultaneous written and auditory stimulus presentation. Performance patterns varied within aphasia severity groups. Individuals with mild and moderate aphasia demonstrated minimal performance differences across conditions, and people with severe aphasia were significantly more accurate in the combined modality than the written-only modality. Overall, participants required the longest response time in the written-only condition; however, participants were most efficient with auditory content. Condition preferences did not always mirror accuracy; however, the majority reported a preference for combined content presentation. Conclusions Results suggest some people with aphasia may benefit from combined auditory and written modalities to enhance comprehension efforts.
Antibacterial dental adhesive resins containing nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Abstract The development of dental adhesive resins with long-lasting antibacterial properties is a possible solution to overcome the problem of secondary caries in modern adhesive dentistry. Objectives (i) Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (N_TiO2), (ii) topographical, compositional and wettability characterization of thin-films (unaltered and experimental) and, (iii) antibacterial efficacy of N_TiO2-containing dental adhesives against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Materials and methods Nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using different techniques. Specimens (diameter = 12 mm, thickness ≅ 15 μm) of OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr Corp., USA) and experimental adhesives [50, 67 and 80% (v/v)] were fabricated, photopolymerized (1000 mW/cm2, 1 min) and UV-sterilized (254 nm, 800,000 μJ/cm2) for microscopy, spectroscopy, wettability and antibacterial testing. Wettability was assessed with a contact angle goniometer by dispensing water droplets (2 μL) onto four random locations of each specimen (16 drops/group). Drop profiles were recorded (1 min, 25 frames/s, 37 °C) and contact angles were calculated at time = 0 s (θINITIAL) and time = 59 s (θFINAL). Antibacterial testing was performed by growing S. mutans (UA159-ldh, JM10) biofilms for either 3 or 24 h (anaerobic conditions, 37 °C) with or without continuous light irradiation (410 ± 10 nm, 3 h = 38.75 J/cm2, 24 h = 310.07 J/cm2) against the surfaces of sterile specimens. Results N_TiO2 was successfully prepared using solvothermal methods. Doped-nanoparticles displayed higher light absorption levels when compared to undoped titania. Experimental adhesives demonstrated superior antibacterial efficacy in dark conditions. Conclusions The findings presented herein suggest that N_TiO2 is a feasible antibacterial agent against cariogenic biofilms.