cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Boronic Acid-Based Hydrogels Undergo Self-Healing at Neutral and Acidic pH

This report describes the synthesis and characterization of boronate ester-cross-linked hydrogels capable of self-healing behavior at neutral and acidic pH. This atypically wide pH range over which healing behavior is observed was achieved through the use of an intramolecular coordinating boronic acid monomer, 2-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (2APBA), where the internal coordination helped to stabilize cross-links formed at acidic and neutral pH. Two different hydrogels were formed from a 2APBA copolymer cross-linked with either poly(vinyl alcohol) or a catechol-functionalized copolymer. The self-healing ability of these hydrogels was characterized through physical testing and rheological studies. Furthermore, the catechol cross-linked hydrogel was shown to be oxygen sensitive, demonstrating reduced self-healing and stress relaxation after partial oxidation. The synthesis of these hydrogels demonstrates a new strategy to produce boronic acid materials capable of self-healing at physiological pH.
Fiber optic probes based on silver-only coated hollow glass waveguides for ionizing beam radiation dosimetry

Cerenkov contamination is a significant issue in radiation detection by fiber-coupled scintillators. To enhance the scintillation signal transmission while minimizing Cerenkov contamination, we designed a fiber probe using a silver-only coated hollow waveguide (HWG). The HWG tip with inserted scintillator, embedded in tissue mimicking phantoms, was irradiated with clinical electron and photon beams. Optical spectra of irradiated tips were taken using a fiber spectrometer, and the signal was deconvolved with a linear fitting algorithm. The resultant decomposed spectra of the scintillator with and without Cerenkov correction were in good agreement with measurements performed by an electron diode and ion chamber for electron and photon beam dosimetry, respectively, indicating the minimal effect of Cerenkov contamination. Compared with a silver/dielectric coated HWG fiber dosimeter design we observed higher signal transmission in our design based on the use of silver-only HWG.
Open for Whom? An Overview of Data.Gov File Formats

Public sector organizations have made considerable investments in data catalogs yet we have few tools to evaluate open government data implementations. While counting the increasing number of available files is one evaluative approach, we argue that quantifying file formats may best anticipate future activity. This study suggests that file formats serve as a proxy for user ability and provide insight into how government organizations imagine their data audience. The file formats available in the US federal data catalog, contained primarily PDF and HTML formats, followed by complex geo-spatial, linked, and XML semi-structured formats. These formats reveal that government organizations try to satisfy both the average user, with simple accessible formats, and the sophisticated data consumer, with structured machine-readable formats. The file formats available in the federal data catalog inform the English literate public more than the data literate who want machine-readable information. The findings raise questions about who is the audience for open government data. A broader conversation is needed about the goals of the next iteration of open data policy.
Investigation of incidence and risk factors of subcutaneous granulomas induced by injection of leuprorelin acetate

We investigated the incidence of granuloma and its related factors in 180 patients with prostate cancer who showed subcutaneous granuloma formation during androgen deprivation therapy with subcutaneously administered leuprorelin acetate. A granuloma was defined as a persistent induration over 30 mm in diameter in the injected portion. Small indurations which often developed and disappeared after every injection were excluded. The survey was performed using a questionnaire after receiving written informed consent. Among the 180 patients with prostate cancer, 21 (11.7%) developed a granuloma at the injection portion, and subsequently the injection of leuprorelin acetate had to be discontinued. Eighteen of the 21 patients alternatively received goserelin acetate. Three patients had high-grade granulomas with ulcer and abscess formation, and were successfully treated with oral antibiotics. The average duration between the first injection of leuprorelin acetate and granuloma formation was 20.2 months (range : 4 to 62 months). There was no association between granuloma formation and patient backgrounds, such as allergic predisposition and past history. Twenty-one of the 180 prostatic cancer patients developed subcutaneous granuloma induced by the injection of leuprorelin acetate. The investigation showed an unexpectedly high incidence of granuloma formation. We must explain the risk of developing subcutaneous granuloma to the patients before introducing leuprorelin acetate.
Single molecule analysis reveals reversible and irreversible steps during spliceosome activation

The spliceosome is a complex machine composed of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and accessory proteins that excises introns from pre-mRNAs. After assembly the spliceosome is activated for catalysis by rearrangement of subunits to form an active site. How this rearrangement is coordinated is not well-understood. During activation, U4 must be released to allow U6 conformational change, while Prp19 complex (NTC) recruitment is essential for stabilizing the active site. We used multi-wavelength colocalization single molecule spectroscopy to directly observe the key events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosome activation. Following binding of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, the spliceosome either reverses assembly by discarding tri-snRNP or proceeds to activation by irreversible U4 loss. The major pathway for NTC recruitment occurs after U4 release. ATP stimulates both the competing U4 release and tri-snRNP discard processes. The data reveal the activation mechanism and show that overall splicing efficiency may be maintained through repeated rounds of disassembly and tri-snRNP reassociation.
Atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis — Does warfarin therapy improve the risks of this lethal combination?

Abstract Introduction Warfarin therapy for stroke prevention is recommended for patients with AF, but its value in patients with chronic kidney disease on HD is unknown. Methods The anticoagulation regimens of patients with a prior history of AF hospitalized for initiation of chronic HD, and of patients receiving chronic HD who had a new diagnosis of AF between 2009 and 2012 were reviewed. Exclusions were renal transplant, peritoneal dialysis, rheumatic valve disease, prosthetic heart valve, GI bleeding, malignancy with chemotherapy in last 6months or still undergoing treatment, a history of AF ablation, a history of ICD implantation, or those receiving warfarin for non-AF indications. Results Among 302 patients included in the study, 119 (39%) were prescribed warfarin and 183 (61%) were not. The two groups were similar regarding demographics, and prevalence of comorbidities including diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, hypertension, use of antiplatelet agents and prior stroke. Warfarin use did not lower risk for ischemic stroke (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.49–1.82, P=0.88) or improve overall survival (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.91–1.15, P=0.62), but trended toward higher risk of bleeding complications (HR 1.53; 95% CI 0.94–2.51, P=0.086) after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion Warfarin use was not associated with reduction in stroke risk or mortality in patients with AF on chronic HD, but trended toward greater bleeding risk. The benefit of warfarin therapy in these patients may be outweighed by its risks.
Herbert Jasper: an Appreciation and a Tribute on His 90th Birthday

It is particularly fitting that at this reception of members of the Canadian Neurological and Clinical Neurophysiologists Societies at the American Academy of Neurology we should honour Dr. Herbert Jasper. He is, at the age of 90, a living legend in the neurosciences. It is a rare opportunity for the young people who have followed him to meet a pioneer of his generation, let alone somebody who continues to this day to exercise his wise counsel and his extraordinary grasp of the working of the human brain. Herbert Jasper, like Wilder Penfield, was born in the west of the United States, and, like his friend and colleague, became a Canadian and a founder of Canadian Neuroscience. Jasper started his career as a psychologist of physiological persuasion and studied with Lapique who is remembered for his studies on chronaxie, in Paris. He became aware of Berger’s writings on the electroencephalogram and realized early the enormous potential of being able to record the electrical activity generated by the human brain. In the 30s, two schools of epilepsy developed in North America: the medical with William Lennox in Boston, and the surgical with Wilder Penfield in Montreal.
Learning Subject-Discriminative Features

In this section, we introduce algorithms for online descriptor extraction and adaptive candidate matching. The online algorithm leverages the pose prior \(\mathbf {P}(\theta )\) and classifier \(\mathbf {W}\) learned offline using training data in the previous section. In previous chapters, we discuss offline-learned distance metric \(\mathbf {W}\), signatures and \(\mathbf {P}(\theta )\). In this chapter, we are going to dig into boosting human re-identification performance online.
Effect of Fixed-Volume and Weight-Based Dosing Regimens on the Cost and Volume of Administered Iodinated Contrast Material at Abdominal CT.

Abstract Purpose To determine the magnitude of subject-level and population-level cost savings that could be realized by moving from fixed-volume low-osmolality iodinated contrast material administration to an effective weight-based dosing regimen for contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT. Methods HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board–exempt retrospective cohort study of 6,737 subjects undergoing contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT from 2014 to 2015. Subject height, weight, lean body weight (LBW), and body surface area (BSA) were determined. Twenty-six volume- and weight-based dosing strategies with literature support were compared with a fixed-volume strategy used at the study institution: 125 mL 300 mgI/mL for routine CT, 125 mL 370 mgI/mL for multiphasic CT (single-energy, 120 kVp). The predicted population- and subject-level effects on cost and contrast material utilization were calculated for each strategy and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Most subjects underwent routine CT (91% [6,127/6,737]). Converting to lesser-volume higher-concentration contrast material had the greatest effect on cost; a fixed-volume 100 mL 370 mgI/mL strategy resulted in $132,577 in population-level savings with preserved iodine dose at routine CT (37,500 versus 37,000 mgI). All weight-based iodine-content dosing strategies (mgI/kg) with the same maximum contrast material volume (125 mL) were predicted to contribute mean savings compared with the existing fixed-volume algorithm ($4,053-$116,076/strategy in the overall study population, $1-$17/strategy per patient). Similar trends were observed in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Large cost and material savings can be realized at abdominopelvic CT by adopting a weight-based dosing strategy and lowering the maximum volume of administered contrast material.
Establishing health benefits of bioactive food components: a basic research scientist's perspective.

Bioactive food components or functional foods have recently received significant attention because of their widely touted positive effects on health beyond basic nutrition. However, a question continues to lurk: are these claims for ‘super foods’ backed by sound science or simply an exaggerated portrayal of very small ‘benefits’? Efforts to establish health benefits by scientific means pose a real challenge in regards to defining what those benefits are, as well as how effective the foods are in justifying any health claim. This review discusses the pitfalls associated with the execution, interpretation, extrapolation of the results to humans and the challenges encountered in the dietary research arena from a basic scientist’s perspective.
Multinational Group Audits: Problems Faced in Practice and Opportunities for Research

SUMMARY: This paper discusses problems faced in conducting global group audits. We present background discussion on group audits, including the relationships between the global group entity, the group engagement team, components, and the component auditors. Discussion is framed around group audit problems that were highlighted in an IAASB-sponsored review of ISA 600 regarding group audits and the use of component auditors. We also consider additional problems related to internal controls in the global group audit setting. Throughout the paper, we highlight specific issues, review related research, and offer opportunities for future research. Our intent is to (1) highlight issues that practitioners face on a regular basis in the conduct of global group audits, and (2) identify relevant research that could lead to a more substantive and meaningful dialogue between practice and the academic auditing community.
Living arrangements and dietary quality of older U.S. adults.

The association between living arrangement and dietary quality of older U.S. adults was investigated in 4,402 adults aged 55 years or older who participated in the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey 1977 to 1978. Dietary quality was based on percent of Recommended Dietary Allowances for 3-day intakes of nine nutrients. More men living alone consumed a poor-quality diet than did men living with a spouse, particularly those 75 years or older; for women, this effect was seen only in the 55- to 64-year-old group. In general, more women than men had poor-quality diets. A number of factors (economic, employment, health status, energy intake, body mass index, and nutrient supplement use) were examined for their importance in accounting for differences in dietary quality of older men and women living alone compared with those living with a spouse. Energy intake was the most important variable accounting for the association of living arrangement with dietary quality. Evidence indicated that older adults living alone did not make poorer food choices than those living with a spouse, but rather that they consumed fewer calories.
Abstract 138: Impact of Depressive Disorder on Access to Care and Quality of Care in Veterans With Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Depressive disorders have been independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to assess the association between depressive disorder and access to care and quality of care among U.S. veterans with CVD. Methods: The 2013 Centers for Disease Control’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey was utilized to identify a cohort of 13,126 veterans with CVD. Presence of CVD was noted with a single affirmative response to the following questions: “Has a health care professional ever told you that you had any of the following:” (1) a heart attack or myocardial infarction, (2) angina or coronary heart disease, (3) a stroke? Access to care variables included report of financial barriers to medical care and/or prescription drug costs and report of delay in receiving medical care. Quality of care variables included annual blood cholesterol check, blood sugar testing, flu shot administration, antihypertensive use, and aspirin use. Results: Among 13,126 veterans studied, a total of 2,889 (22%) adults had a depressive disorder while 10,237 (78%) did not. Veterans with a depressive disorder tended to be younger (p Conclusions: Depressive disorder was associated with higher rates of financial barriers to care and prescription drugs, and patient-reported delays in medical care in U.S. veterans with CVD. Further research appears warranted to evaluate the impact of mental health disease upon cardiovascular care in veterans with CVD.
Chester Step Test as a Reliable, Reproducible Method of Assessing Physical Fitness of Disaster Deployment Personnel

Disaster response in the field is typically very strenuous, difficult work, both physically and mentally. While hard evidence is lacking, it may be inferred that disaster providers lacking appropriate physical fitness are at increased risk of injury or compromising safety operations during a deployment. This problem may be amplified depending on where the disaster has occurred. For example, deploying to a large-scale international disaster, particularly in a developing country under austere conditions, often brings the additional variable of limited or non-existent local healthcare.
Role of G-proteins in islet function in health and diabetes

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) involves interplay between metabolic and cationic events. Seminal contributions from multiple laboratories affirm essential roles for small G-proteins (Rac1, Cdc42, Arf6, Rab27A) in GSIS. Activation of these signalling proteins promotes cytoskeletal remodeling, transport and docking of insulin granules on the plasma membrane for exocytotic secretion of insulin. Evidence in rodent and human islets suggests key roles for lipidation (farnesylation and geranylgeranylation) of these G-proteins for their targeting to appropriate cellular compartments for optimal regulation of effectors leading to GSIS. Interestingly, however, inhibition of prenylation appears to cause mislocalization of non-prenylated, but (paradoxically) activated G-proteins, in "inappropriate" compartments leading to activation of stress kinases and onset of mitochondrial defects, loss in GSIS and apoptosis of the islet β-cell. This review highlights our current understanding of roles of G-proteins and their post-translational lipidation (prenylation) signalling networks in islet function in normal health, metabolic stress (glucolipotoxicity and ER stress) and diabetes. Critical knowledge gaps that need to be addressed for the development of therapeutics to halt defects in these signalling steps in β-cells in models of impaired insulin secretion and diabetes are also highlighted and discussed.
MITRAL STENOSIS DUE TO VEIN GRAFT FISTULA

Saphenous vein graft (SVG) aneurysms are a rare complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). We describe a case of a SVG aneurysm with fistula formation to the left ventricle that resulted in compression of the left atrium, causing a severe functional mitral stenosis. A 74-year-old male
The effect of mortgage broker licensing under the originate-to-distribute model: Evidence from the U.S. mortgage market

Abstract By exploiting state-level variations in mortgage broker licensing regulations, we examine how licensing requirements affect mortgage loan performances and the mortgage origination market. Using data on private label securitized loans, we find that loans in states with a toughened broker licensing had a smaller increase in default rates. This effect is larger in the years leading up to the financial crisis, for borrowers with lower credit scores, cash-out-refinance loans, high-minority neighborhoods, and loans originated by nonbanks. The improved performance with toughened broker licensing is only partially reflected in loan pricing. Stronger broker licensing requirements have slightly positive effects on the mortgage approval rates, and are associated with overall less risky borrowers and loan characteristics in applications and in originations.
The plebe in the Florentine Histories: Machiavelli’s notion of humours revisited

ABSTRACTAccording to recent scholarship, the Florentine Histories expresses Machiavelli’s growing scepticism toward the popolo. This more elitist ‘late Machiavelli’, however, is an illusion. I show...
Esophageal varices. II. TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) and surgical therapy.

Cirrhosis affects approximately 3 to 4 of every 1000 adults in North America 29 and causes more than 32,000 deaths and more than 20 million days of work loss annually. Much of the morbidity and mortality related to cirrhosis result from the development of portal hypertension and its principal complications, variceal hemorrhage and ascites. Of these, bleeding esophageal varices are immediately life-threatening, and the prevention and treatment of variceal hemorrhage is a cornerstone of the management of cirrhosis. Over the last 50 years, numerous approaches have been used to prevent and treat variceal hemorrhage, including pharmacologic therapy, endoscopic interventions, balloon tamponade, surgery, and radiologic treatment. None of these approaches is ideal, and the choice of treatment in a given patient depends on the clinical circumstances, the stage in the natural history of variceal hemorrhage, and the relative efficacy and safety of a particular modality in comparison with other available modalities. This article discusses the role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) and surgical therapy for esophageal varices.
Perceptions of Menstrual and Premenstrual Symptoms: Self-Definitional Processes at Menarche

Two lines of inquiry appear to characterize research related to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (for example, see descriptions in Debrovner, 1982, and Friedman, 1982). Those two lines overlap and do not seem to be clearly delineated. The first concerns symptom reports associated with premenstrual and menstrual bases of the cycle and represents most of the literature. This line of research concerns the study of a wide range of symptoms — anything that might constitute menstrual or premenstrual distress in even its mildest form. Thus, terms such as premenstrual blues, negative affect, premenstrual tension, etc., apply to this line of research. But regardless of the term, the symptoms studied are not viewed as constituting a syndrome. The other line of research refers to a PMS syndrome characterized by a very specific cluster or clusters of symptoms. It is characterized as well by a greater level of severity, such that it may be disruptive to a woman’s functioning, and by precise timing in relation to menstruation. The latter is what is usually referred to as PMS, and what we will use as the definition of PMS for the purposes of this chapter.
Sedimentary rock classification

Sedimentary rock is composed of framework grains, matrix, chemically precipitated cement, and pores (Fig. 8.1). Framework grains and matrix are generally deposited from a fluid medium after transport. Transport distances may be thousands of kilometers or only a few meters. The grains, as the name indicates, form the framework of the rock. Matrix material occurs between the framework constituents. There is no clearly defined boundary between the absolute size of framework grains and the matrix. In very coarse-grained rock, such as conglomerate, gravel comprises the framework and sand (and/or mud) the matrix. This contrasts with sandstone, in which sand makes up the framework and mud the matrix. Cement is post-depositional, and when present may partially or completely fill the original pore space. Primary porosity, formed at the time of deposition, is reduced not only by cementation but also by compaction. Secondary porosity, which develops after deposition, forms in a variety of ways, including selective leaching of unstable components or cement and fracturing of brittle grains and cemented rock.
Testing enhances memory for context

Abstract The beneficial effect of retrieval practice on memory is a well-established phenomenon. Despite the wealth of research on this testing effect, it is unclear whether the benefits of testing extend beyond the tested information to include memory for the context in which the memoranda were encountered. Three experiments examined the effect of testing on memory for context using a standard variant of a traditional item-context memory task, in which cue-target word pairs (the items) were presented on the computer screen in varying locations (the contexts). All experiments revealed an enhancement to memory for context following retrieval practice of the items, regardless of whether that retrieval took place in a neutral (Experiments 1 and 2) or in an interfering (Experiment 3) location. These results support the view that retrieval practice elicits retrieval of relatively comprehensive prior episodes, rather than of only semantic aspects of the prior episodes relevant to the practice cues.
The Impact of over the Top Service Providers in the Rwandan Telecommunications Market: An Analysis of Business Models

The telecommunication industry is facing constant changes in its operations and business environment. One of the major causes of these changes is the rise of Over The Top (OTT) service providers that have developed and implemented innovative new business models that are disrupting the traditional telecommunication industry. In this paper we investigate the impact of OTT business models on Communication Service Providers (CSPs) in the Rwandan telecommunication market. We seek to understand the business models and strategies CSPs and OTTs are employing to stay relevant in the market, the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to assess whether they are applicable in the Rwandan telecommunications market. The findings and recommendations highlight some of the major trends and business models in the telecommunication markets, and can be used to provide insight for CSPs and regulators to build strong business strategies and relevant regulations.
Abstract WP485: Early Mobilization After 12 Hours Post Thrombolysis is Feasible and Safe in Minor Stroke Patients

Background: Current guidelines recommend 24 hours of hospital bed rest after thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. We sought to compare outcomes and in-hospital complications of 12- and 24-hour b...
Care Transitions Program for High-Risk Frail Older Adults is Most Beneficial for Patients with Cognitive Impairment.

BACKGROUND Although posthospitalization care transitions programs (CTP) are highly diverse, their overall program thoroughness is most predictive of their success. OBJECTIVE To identify components of a successful homebased CTP and patient characteristics that are most predictive of reduced 30-day readmissions. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. PATIENTS A total of 315 community-dwelling, hospitalized, older adults (≥60 years) at high risk for readmission (Elder Risk Assessment score ≥16), discharged home over the period of January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2013. SETTING Midwest primary care practice in an integrated health system. INTERVENTION Enrollment in a CTP during acute hospitalization. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was all-cause readmission within 30 days of the first CTP evaluation. Logistic regression was used to examine independent variables, including patient demographics, comorbidities, number of medications, completion, and timing of program fidelity measures, and prior utilization of healthcare. RESULTS The overall 30-day readmission rate was 17.1%. The intensity of follow-up varied among patients, with 17.1% and 50.8% of the patients requiring one and ≥3 home visits, respectively, within 30 days. More than half (54.6%) required visits beyond 30 days. Compared with patients who were not readmitted, readmitted patients were less likely to exhibit cognitive impairment (29.6% vs 46.0%; P = .03) and were more likely to have high medication use (59.3% vs 44.4%; P = .047), more emergency department (ED; 0.8 vs 0.4; P = .03) and primary care visits (4.0 vs 3.0; P = .018), and longer cumulative time in the hospital (4.6 vs 2.5 days; P = .03) within 180 days of the index hospitalization. Multivariable analysis indicated that only cognitive impairment and previous ED visits were important predictors of readmission. CONCLUSIONS No single CTP component reliably predicted reduced readmission risk. Patients with cognitive impairment and polypharmacy derived the most benefit from the program.
A qualitative study examining medical provider advice, barriers, and perceived effectiveness in addressing childhood obesity to patients and families from a low-income community health clinic.

Objective:To examine medical provider (n = 16) perceptions in addressing and managing pediatric obesity with a diverse, low-income patient population.Methods:Semi-structured audio-recorded intervie...
A Platform for Recombining Process Knowledge Chunks

We describe ReKon, a platform that contains fine-granular templates, each describing a process knowledge chunk, which may be combined, as needed, to support ad hoc processes needed in large projects. The platform allows user-lead (re)-construction of a process to deal with the unique and emergent needs of a project by leveraging prior knowledge encoded in process chunks. We have populated ReKon with process chunks created from more than 1200 real-world project templates contributed by four consulting organizations. The fine-granularity of process chunks contained in ReKon represents a direct response to the emergent nature of large projects that defies high-volume production processes. The paper develops the underlying meta-model and operations for ReKon that adapt and extend the combination quadrant in Nonaka and Takeuchi’s knowledge creation framework. A two-phase evaluation illustrates the need for ReKon and points to its potential usefulness.
Workforce Training for Older Workers: Toward a Better Understanding of Older Worker Needs after the Great Recession

Facing the aging workforce but older workers’ vulnerability in the labor market, this chapter empirically explores factors and policy implications to enhance older workers’ entered employment rates (EER) after exiting the national workforce program. After reviewing older workers’ attributes and the unique methods to train them, the chapter examines demographic, socioeconomic, and program attributions to older workers’ EER, controlling for cyclical changes in the labor market. The chapter relies on three sets of models including logistic regression, multi-level mixed-effect regression, and multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models, as well as longitudinal Workforce Investment Act Standardized Record Data and Bureau of Labor Statistics unemployment data. Older dislocated workers and older adults are examined separately. Some Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act training and related service combinations are identified to contribute to older adults and older dislocated workers’ EER and to inform strategic decision-making about future allocations of funds and policy efforts to serve older workers.
Using human-centered design to expose humans to computer science

Computer scientists assert, to anyone who will listen, that computer science is a multi-disciplinary science spanning numberless fields of human endeavour, and students in every major should find studying computer science worthwhile. College students do not seem to believe us. To address their misperception directly, we have developed a course in human centered design for the general undergraduate population. We worked hard to ensure the course satisfies a general education science requirement at our university, giving non-computing students a compelling reason to take the class. During the 2009--2010 school year, the first offerings of this class occurred, and this paper shall present our observations to date.
Natural language processing for the accurate identification of colorectal cancer mismatch repair status in Lynch syndrome screening

Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common type of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes.1 Current multisociety guidelines recommend screening all CRC tumors for LS.2,3 The most widely adopted screening method is MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC) followed by germline analysis if indicated.2,3 However, the text-based nature of pathology and IHC reports used for LS screening results impedes creation of an efficient tracking system for identifying affected patients and screening outcomes.4 In this study, we developed and validated a natural language processing (NLP) tool for extracting MMR IHC results in LS screening in a large, diverse, multicenter, community-based setting.5.
A Comparative Analysis of Methods for Quantitation of Sugars during the Corn-to-Ethanol Fermentation Process

The quantitation of sugars, including glucose, the primary fermentable sugar; maltose (DP2); and maltotriose (DP3), is a standard procedure during the corn-to-ethanol fermentation process. The quantitation of glucose by the Megazyme Assay utilizing glucose oxidase and peroxidase enzymes (GOPOD) and UV-Vis detection, high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection (HPLC-RID), and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) was studied. Three biological flask fermentation replicates were analyzed every 12 h beginning at 14 h of fermentation (T14) until near completion of fermentation (T62).The method comparison results for glucose quantitation showed that the LC-MS SIM analysis had the lowest limit of quantitation (LOQ) at 2 ppm and the widest dynamic range of 2.7 orders of magnitude. The HPLC-RID analysis had a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 1.5 orders of magnitude with an LOQ of 1500 ppm. The Megazyme GOPOD analysis had an LDR of 0.9 orders of magnitude with an LOQ of 120 ppm.The HPLC-RID method was ideal for glucose quantitation when it was present in high concentrations. In contrast, maltose and maltotriose components were found to be present in lower concentrations, such that simultaneous quantitation of the three analytes is difficult during fermentation. The LC-MS method was the only method able to quantify the concentration of glucose successfully and simultaneously with DP2 and DP3 in all the fermentation broth samples collected from T14 through T62 during the corn-to-ethanol fermentation process.
2.18 – Marine Corrosion

Seawater, which covers nearly 70% of the earth's surface, is a living medium that is generally considered to be the most corrosive of the natural environments. Engineering materials find utility in a wide range of seawater applications, for example, piling on wharfs, offshore platforms and subsea pipelines, ships and submarines, seawater-cooled power and chemical plants, desalination plants, undersea telecommunications hardware and habitats, aquariums, and so forth. The effects of environmental variables on seawater corrosivity are discussed, including composition, pH, temperature, velocity, calcareous deposits, microorganisms, and biofouling. The corrosion behavior of important materials in seawater is described. Corrosion mechanisms and corrosion-control methods are outlined.
Fusion rate for stand-alone lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review.

Abstract BACKGROUND : Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is used to treat multiple conditions, including spondylolisthesis, degenerative disc disorders (DDD), adjacent segment disease (ASD), and degenerative scoliosis. While many advocate for posterior fixation with LLIF, stand-alone LLIF is increasingly being performed. Yet the fusion rate for stand-alone LLIF is unknown. PURPOSE : Determine the fusion rate for stand-alone LLIF. STUDY DESIGN : Systematic Review. METHODS : We queried MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and EMBASE for literature on stand-alone LLIF fusion rate with a publication cutoff of April 2020. LLIF surgery was considered stand-alone when not paired with supplemental posterior fixation. Cohort fusion rate differences were calculated and tested for significance (p RESULTS : A total of 2,735 publications were assessed. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria, including 736 patients and 1,103 vertebral levels. Mean age was 61.7 years with BMI 26.5 kg/m2. Mean fusion rate was 85.6% (range, 53.0%-100.0%), which did not different significant by number of levels fused (1-level, 2-level, and ≥3-level). Use of rhBMP-2 was reported in 39.3% of subjects, with no difference in fusion rates between studies using rhBMP-2 (87.7%) and those in which rhBMP-2 was not used (83.9%, OR=1.37, p=0.448). Fusion rate did not differ with the addition of a lateral plate, or by underlying diagnosis. All-complication rate was 42.2% and mean reoperation rate was 11.1%, with 2.3% reoperation due to pseudarthrosis. Of the studies comparing stand-alone to circumferential fusion, pooled fusion rate was found to be 80.4% vs. 91.0% (p=0.637). CONCLUSIONS Stand-alone LLIF yields high fusion rates overall. The wide range of reported fusion rates and lower fusion rates in studies involving subsequent surgical reoperation highlights the importance of being well-trained in this technique and employing a rigorous algorithm when indicating patients for stand-alone LLIF. Future research should focus on examining risk factors and patient-reported outcomes in stand-alone LLIF.
Abstract 6426: Novel mechanism of PIM2 inhibition leads to significant effect on solid tumors

Background: PIM2 is overexpressed in hematopoietic and solid cancers, and is involved in multiple signaling pathways. In hematologic malignancies, PIM2 has been shown to be a pro-survival factor and demonstrated to be a possible therapeutic target. However, the role of PIM2 as a therapeutic target in solid cancers has not been fully elucidated. Methods: PIM2 expression was compared between normal and cancer tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Pan-PIM inhibitor treatment, as well as PIM2 overexpression/knockdown technique was utilized to investigate the PIM2 role in solid cancers. Multiple cancer models were utilized for in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate if PIM2 as a therapeutic target and examine mechanism of anti-tumor activity by JP11646. Results: PIM2 was overexpressed in several types of cancer tissues, including breast, esophageal, head-neck, kidney, liver and endometrial cancers in TCGA. PIM2 overexpression promoted tumor growth in in vivo breast cancer mouse model. PIM2 inhibition by siRNA as well as pan-PIM inhibitor JP11646 activated apoptosis as seen by increased cleaved PARP. JP11646 treatment inhibited cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro in various types of solid cancers, including head-neck, ovarian, breast, prostate, liver, pancreatic, colorectal and non-small cell lung cancers. Interestingly, treatment with pan-PIM inhibitor JP11646 resulted in selective downregulation of PIM2 protein expression, but not PIM1 or PIM3 in breast cancer cell lines, BT549 and MDA-MB-231. The treatment also resulted in downregulation of phosphorylated downstream targets, 4EBP1 and TSC2 in breast cancer cells. However, additional proteasome inhibitor treatment blocked PIM2 downregulation and apoptosis activation was not seen. The result suggests that proteasome complex is required for PIM2 degradation which is necessary to induce apoptosis. JP11646 treatment inhibited tumor growth in breast, liver, pancreas, and non-small cell lung cancer in vivo xenograft models and was compared to multiple standard of care treatments showing advantage in lung tumors. Conclusion: We found that PIM2 promoted cancer progression in solid tumors. We show novel mechanism of JP11646 targeting PIM2 for degradation and induction of apoptosis. We show that PIM2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for multiple types of solid cancers with enhanced therapeutic effect through protein degradation rather than kinase inhibition alone. Citation Format: Eriko Katsuta, Kazuaki Takabe, Alex Adjei, Mateusz Opyrchal. Novel mechanism of PIM2 inhibition leads to significant effect on solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6426.
Family Matters: Decade Review from Journal of Family and Economic Issues .

This article reviews research regarding economic influences on a variety of family matters published in Journal of Family and Economic Issues from 2010 to 2019. As finances permeate nearly every facet of everyday life, scholarly research related to finances and family issues has spanned a wide array of topics. We briefly review research focused on the following 11 areas related to finances and family matters: (a) family formation decisions, (b) gender and relational power in family finances and relationships, (c) finances and fathers, (d) finances and mothers, (e) finances and parenting, (f) finances and elderly family members, (g) finances and couple relationships, (h) supporting family members financially, (i) how economic policy affects family, (j) economic roots of migration by family members, and (k) family financial socialization. As we enter a new decade, emphasis to directions for future research is given and integrated throughout. Recommendations specific to each of these topics are integrated into the discussion of the topic. Additional and more general recommendations for future research are offered as we conclude our review.
Coupling kinetic Monte Carlo and finite element methods to model the strain path sensitivity of the isothermal stress-assisted martensite nucleation in TRIP-assisted steels

Abstract The properties of TRIP-assisted steels are influenced by the transformation of retained austenite into martensite during deformation via the mechanically-induced martensite transformation. In the present work the effect of strain path on isothermal stress-assisted martensite nucleation and variant selection are studied by the coupling of the kinetic Monte Carlo method with the finite element method. This coupled model centers on a thermomechanical model of the martensitic transformation, and the model is tuned and validated against transformation data gathered experimentally for a TRIP-assisted dual phase steel (Ennis et al. (2017)). The effect of the proximity of adjacently transforming regions (kinematic coupling) is also studied as a function of strain path. The model results demonstrate how the rate of martensite nucleation is affected by the strain path (uniaxial tension, biaxial tension, and plane strain) and how the kinematic coupling between adjacent transforming regions is unique to each path. These phenomena are discussed in the context of the Magee effect, which is the relationship between stress state and the suppression/assistance of the nucleation of specific variants of martensite. The implications of martensite nucleation’s sensitivity to strain path and kinematic coupling are discussed for TRIP-assisted steels that transform by isothermal stress-assisted nucleation.
Bone Mineral Density in Different Menopause Stages is Associated with Follicle Stimulating Hormone Levels in Healthy Women.

Although estradiol (E2) has been believed to be the most critical factor in the menopause-associated decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), the role of increasing follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during menopause is relatively unclear. We determined the extent to which hip and lumbar spine BMD differ among the stages of menopause in healthy women, and whether BMD is associated with FSH and E2 levels. A cross-sectional study of 141 healthy women classified as premenopausal (Pre; 38 ± 6 yrs; mean ± SD, n = 30), early perimenopausal (EPeri; 50 ± 3yrs, n = 31), late perimenopausal (LPeri; 50 ± 4yrs, n = 30), early postmenopausal (EPost; 55 ± 3yrs, n = 24), or late postmenopausal (LPost; 62 ± 4 yrs, n = 26), was conducted. Spine/hip BMD and sex hormones were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and enzymatic/colorimetric methods, respectively. Compared to EPeri, spine BMD was lower (p < 0.05) in LPeri, EPost, and LPost and hip BMD was lower (p < 0.05) in EPost and LPost. BMD was inversely associated with FSH (spine: r = −0.341; hip: r = −0.271, p < 0.05) and directly associated with E2 (spine: r = 0.274; hip: r = 0.256, p < 0.05). The menopause-related loss of spine and hip BMD is associated not only with low E2 but also higher FSH. Future studies are essential to delineating the mechanisms by which FSH regulates bone health in aging women.
Social Media as a Source of Medical Information for Parents of Premature Infants: A Content Analysis of Prematurity-Related Facebook Groups.

Objective Parents are increasingly turning to social media for medical recommendations. Our objective was to systematically examine posts on Facebook for parents of infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to analyze how advice on medical topics was requested and given, and whether this advice was potentially medically inappropriate. Study design One hundred Facebook groups were screened for study eligibility. In each group, up to 400 posts on medical topics were evaluated. The first 10 comments of each post were classified based on content and presence of medical advice. Appropriateness of advice was evaluated by a neonatologist. Results Of 28 groups meeting study criteria, 10 permitted access for data collection. We identified 729 posts requesting medical advice of which 29% referenced the NICU period. Posts on diagnosis and development (30 and 32% of posts, respectively) were the most common topics, and most likely to receive advice (78 and 76% of posts on these topics, respectively). We identified 238 comments containing potentially inappropriate medical advice and 30 comments recommending going against medical advice. Conclusion Parents are utilizing Facebook as a source of support and medical information. Parents are most likely to give development-related advice from their own parenting experiences. The high percentage of posts requesting advice about diagnosis and development in the post-NICU stage suggests parents seek increased anticipatory guidance. Key points · Parents of premature infants use Facebook to obtain medical advice.. · Advice was at times potentially medically inappropriate.. · Much advice focused on the post-NICU period..
Material Falsehoods: Living a Lie at This Old Fort

This chapter examines the US national historic sites (NHSs) that preserve forts between the Mississippi River and the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Despite the many differences across these sites and their histories, all of them center their stories on the daily life of soldiers, portrayed by reenactors using authentic and replica furnishings in restored barracks, stables, smithies, and other buildings. For example, Fort Laramie is transformed from an agent of expansion into a museum of Victorian furnishings. These (re)presentations reflect the concerns of a Fort Coalition, local enthusiasts, and a community of reenactors with a particular view of authenticity. Their constructions squeeze out the real stories about why these forts were there, and fail to confront the fundamental question of what caused US expansion onto the Great Plains. While interesting in what they tell us about popular concerns, heritage enthusiasts at these forts often stand in the way of good historical narrative.
Retromolar fibreoptic orotracheal intubation in a patient with severe trismus undergoing nasal surgery.

Purpose A considerable challenge arises when passage of an endotracheal tube between the teeth is impossible because of severe trismus and the presence of concomitant contraindications to nasotracheal intubation. We report a novel technique to circumvent the need for tracheostomy by using the retromolar space for oral fibreoptic intubation.