cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria. II. The Effects of Induced Polycythemia

Polycythemia and anemia were induced in a patient with congenital erythropoietic porphyria as a possible means of altering erythropoiesis and its attendant porphyrin production. Maintenance of hematocrits at 50 per cent and 60 per cent for periods of 2 weeks decreased both erythropoiesis and porphyrin excretion to about one-half of their initial levels. Conversely with a hematocrit of 25, erythropoiesis and porphyrin production were increased to about twice the basal level. Examination of the marrow showed fluorescence in all late normoblasts and indicated that the patient has only one red cell population. During induced polycythemia, a shift in marrow erythroid population to relatively mature forms, apparently related to delayed enucleation, was accompanied by a retention of the reticulocyte pool and fluorescent cells within the marrow. During anemia, the occurrence of relatively more immature erythroid cells was accompanied by a shift of the reticulocyte pool and fluorescent cells into the circulating blood. During polycythemia, increases were observed in the relative number of nuclear vacuoles peculiar to this disease, in the retention of radioiron in the marrow and in the relative amount of stercobilin excretion. In anemia these parameters decreased towards normal.
Stem Cells and Retinal Transplantation

Stem cells are characterized by their potential to self renew and generate different cell types. However, their ability to give rise to various cell types, also referred to as phenotypic plasticity, is contingent on the source from which these cells are derived. At present, stem cells are being isolated and expanded in vitro from early developing embryos or specific tissues such as blood, brain, and retina.
Mother–Infant Physical Contact Predicts Responsive Feeding among U.S. Breastfeeding Mothers

Responsive feeding—initiating feeding in response to early hunger cues—supports the physiology of lactation and the development of infant feeding abilities, yet there is a dearth of research examining what predicts responsive feeding. In non-Western proximal care cultures, there is an association between responsive feeding and mother–infant physical contact, but this has not been investigated within Western populations. In two studies, we tested whether mother–infant physical contact predicted feeding in response to early hunger cues versus feeding on a schedule or after signs of distress among U.S. breastfeeding mothers. With an online questionnaire in Study 1 (n = 626), physical contact with infants (via co-sleeping and babywearing) predicted increased likelihood of self-reported responsive feeding. Mothers who reported responsive feeding were more likely to exclusively breastfeed for the first six months, breastfeed more frequently throughout the day, and had a longer planned breastfeeding duration than mothers who reported feeding on a schedule or after signs of infant distress. In Study 2 (n = 96), a three-day feeding log showed that mother–infant physical contact predicted feeding in response to early hunger cues but mother–infant proximity (without physical contact) did not. In sum, our results demonstrate that physical contact with infants may shape breastfeeding behavior among U.S. mothers, highlighting a connection between social interaction and infant nutrition that warrants further investigation.
A Wideband, Single-Layer Reflectarray Exploiting a Polarization Rotating Unit Cell

We present a new technique for designing wideband, single-layer reflectarray antennas. The proposed reflectarray exploits a wideband, polarization rotating unit cell that rotates the polarization of the reflected wave with respect to that of the incident wave by 90°. This unit cell and its mirror image were used as 1 bit spatial phase shifters capable of providing a 0°/180° phase shift over a wide bandwidth of 5.4–12.7 GHz. Using this, a reflectarray antenna with 1 bit phase quantization was designed to operate at ${X}$ -band with aperture dimensions of $28.8\,\,\text {cm}\times 28.8$ cm and a focal length of 30 cm. A prototype of the proposed reflectarray was fabricated and characterized using a spherical near-field measurement system. We determined the antenna’s 3 dB gain bandwidth to be approximately 37.4% with a maximum realized gain of 24.2 dBi. Over its entire band of operation, the polarization purity of the antenna remains better than 13 dB and sidelobe levels of better than 12 dB were achieved.
An Inductive Voltage-/Current-Mode Integrated Power Management With Seamless Mode Transition and Energy Recycling

An integrated power management (IPM) with the unique capabilities of seamless-voltage-/current-mode (SVCM) operation and energy recycling is presented for robust inductive power delivery. Utilizing parasitic bulk diodes with lower voltage drop, this IPM seamlessly transitions between voltage mode (VM) and current mode (CM) in a safe and robust fashion, extending the input-voltage range (removing dead zone) and significantly improving power-conversion efficiency (PCE) in CM operation. The IPM first provides the required load power ( $\text{P}_{L}$ ) by one-step rectification/regulation, and then stores the surplus energy into a storage capacitor to extend the receiver (Rx) operation time via energy recycling when the input power is insufficient. The theory behind the energy recycling is presented. A proof-of-concept chip was fabricated in a 0. 35- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process. In measurements, the chip safely achieved a regulated voltage of 3 V for a wide input-voltage range (without dead zone) by switching the Rx LC-tank at 142 kHz. With zero input power, the chip extended the Rx operation time by 250% thanks to the energy recycling.
Is There Still a Place for Lidocaine in the (Postoperative) Management of Colics

Intravenous lidocaine is widely used to prevent or treat postoperative ileus in horses. Clinical studies that support this approach are flawed and contradicted by others. Also, physical obstruction could be more important in causing postoperative reflux than postoperative ileus in the horse. The antiinflammatory properties of lidocaine and the role of inflammation from intestinal handling in the genesis of postoperative reflux are questionable. Because of cost and questionable efficacy of lidocaine, a well-designed clinical trial is required to support its continued use. However, lidocaine could be given to provide or enhance analgesia in selected cases with postoperative colic.
Disparities in the Prevalence of Excess Heart Age Among Women with a Recent Live Birth

Background: Understanding and addressing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has implications for maternal and child health outcomes. Heart age, the modeled age of an individual's cardiovascular syst...
UCRLF: unified constrained reinforcement learning framework for phase-aware architectures for autonomous vehicle signaling and trajectory optimization

Signaling and trajectory optimization work as contention and researchers have debated on what should be the best for the vehicle, but it seems that both components are complement to each other and there can be combined situations with bounds where maximum optimization can be achieved. This paper introduces a novel approach called Phase-Aware Deep Learning and Constrained Reinforcement Learning for optimization and constant improvement of signal and trajectory for autonomous vehicle operation modules for an intersection. It deals with all the components required for the signaling system to operate, communicate and also navigate the vehicle with proper trajectory so that it faces less waiting time and the overall system operates with minimum waiting time and comparable throughput rate. We have done analysis on the operating time and the vehicle movement as these are vital for pollution and energy consumption. Our methodologies are not only efficient in time and computation but also have incorporated highly optimized data representation to reduce the overhead of maintaining and accessing the data. This ensures very efficient time complexity and theoretical computation time and better lower bounds. Constrained Reinforcement Learning concept is the main contribution of this work and it helped in decreasing 84% of the waiting time for the vehicles.
Breaking the Plateau Response in Myeloma: Preliminary Results of a Phase II Pilot Study of Sequential Bortezomib in Combination with Dexamethasone and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (DoVeD) in Patients No Longer Responsive to Standard Induction Regimens.

Thalidomide/lenalidamide with dexamethasone and vincristine/doxorubicin/ dexamethasone (VAD) are induction regimens for the treatment of MM. While most patients (pts) respond, the majority do not achieve a complete response (CR). In randomized trials, several groups have shown that meaningful responses (i.e. CR, near CR, and very good PR) correlate with longer survival. Our group has thus looked for methods to increase the percentage of pts achieving CRs by incorporating sequential, non cross-resistant agents. Bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone is superior to dexamethasone alone for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The liposomal formulation of doxorubicin (Doxil) has significant anti-myeloma activity and less risk of toxicity compared with standard anthracyclines. This study was designed to treat patients whose response had reached a plateau ( 2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, with three, four day pulses of high dose dexamethasone. If a PR or better was not achieved after cycle 2, pts received liposomal doxorubicin on day four of every cycle. Pts who did not achieve a CR by the end of cycle four, received day four liposomal doxorubicin for cycles five and six. Eleven pts have been accrued to the study, eight of which have completed all six cycles and are evaluable. There have been 5 CRs and 3 PRs as determined by standard criteria. One pt who achieved a CR had the (4,14) translocation. Five out of the eight pts had the chromosome 13 deletion. Four of these five pts achieved a CR, three of whom have achieved a cytogenetic CR (standard cytogenetics and FISH). All pts were able to move on to autologous stem cell transplantation. Expected toxicities were seen with the high dose corticosteroids (fatigue, muscle weakness, insomnia, myalgias, hyperglycemia all grade 1–2). One pt required a dose reduction of the dexamethasone. Cytopenias were limited to grade 1 and 2 as was peripheral neuropathy. No further dose reductions were necessary. In conclusion, the DoVeD regimen is able to break the plateau typical of pts receiving standard induction therapy, inducing further cytoreduction. Our data suggest that pts with chromosome 13 deletion, in particular, may benefit from bortezomib as part of their up-front induction therapy. Though further study of this approach is warranted, the evidence suggests a possible paradigm shift for induction therapy in general. Non cross-resistant agents given in tandem can increase the percentage of patients achieving CR.
Ethics and Spirituality of Sustainability: What Can We All Do?

This article approaches the topic of sustainability in a broad, interdisciplinary fashion − in the manner of our total footprint on the planet, not just our carbon footprint. It proposes to bring together the two allied areas of sustainability and spirituality in a dialectical manner, with ethics as a balancing force and spirituality playing the role of the proverbial invisible hand guiding our quest for sustainability. It takes the view that, in essence, spirituality and sustainability are vitally interlinked. When the spiritual dimension of our being is underdeveloped, we turn into pleasure-seeking automatons, plundering the planet in a mindless race called progress. This makes us self-centered and greedy for material wealth which leads to social disharmony and over-exploitation of natural resources. When we live a life of greater self-awareness, we tend to consume less and, more so, less mindlessly. With this understanding comes the liberating realization that there is no sustainability without spirituality. For material development to be sustainable, spiritual advancement must be seen as an integral part of the human development algorithm. Our societies are human nature writ at large; therefore, we believe that the solution to society’s current chaos lies in the spiritual transformation of each one of us. The choice we face is between conscious change and chaotic annihilation. We believe that the most important eco-spirituality struggles will be won or lost during this decade. While policymakers and governments can play their respective roles, each one of us has to do our part by consciously adopting spirituality and sustainability as a way of life. Only an individual life rooted in the continuous harmony with nature − a life based on moral and spiritual awareness − can preserve the sanctity of the planet.
Movement Technique During Jump-Landing Differs Between Sex Among Athletic Playing Surfaces.

Pryor, JL, Burbulys, ER, Root, HJ, and Pryor, RR. Movement technique during jump-landing differs between sex among athletic playing surfaces. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Whether athletic surface type affects movement technique, a causal factor for lower extremity injury, is unclear. This study evaluated the influence of 4 common athletic surfaces on movement technique using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate differences in movement technique between men and women among surfaces. Recreationally active men and women (n = 38) completed jump-landing tests on 4 common athletic surfaces in a quasi-randomized crossover fashion. Vertical jump height, perceptual fatigue, and muscle soreness were evaluated before jump-landing movement analyses and were similar across testing sessions (p > 0.05). Men achieved higher LESS scores on hardwood and artificial pellet turf compared with women (p ≤ 0.037). Women exhibited lower LESS scores on grass and artificial turf vs. concrete (p ≤ 0.048). Data indicate differential lower extremity movement technique and therefore injury risk across athletic surface types and sex, challenging the generalizability of the LESS construct. Athletic playing surface should be considered during movement technique assessment and implementation of injury prevention programs.
How often are multiple statistical tests performed without correction in pediatric orthopaedic research

Purpose: As multiple statistical tests are performed, the probability of committing type 1 error- accepting a false-positive result- increases. A number of statistical methods can correct for this. This study aims to comprehensively review the literature and assess the frequency at which multiple tests are performed without correction in pediatric orthopaedic research. Methods: Previously published methods were utilized to query the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science for all …
Rayleigh-Benard Convection at Finite Rayleigh Number in Large Aspect Ratio Boxes

Our goal in these studies is to derive the phase-amplitude-mean drift equations for the Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations at finite Prandtl number. As a step along the way, we have derived the phase-amplitude equation in the infinite Prandtl number limit. Because the Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations are rather complicated, we illustrate the ideas and numerical methods using the real Swift-Hohenberg equation, which is a reasonable approximation to the full equations in the inertia-less limit. We consider finite Rayleigh numbers, and large aspect ratio boxes. The phase equation will come from a solvability condition in a multi-scale expansion. The method is analogous to the nonlinear WKB technique developped by Whitham (1973). Unlike the earlier case treated by Cross and Newell (1984), the equation considered here has no analytical solution for the nonlinear steady case so that this problem will contain all the ingredients used in the real convection problem. A phenomenological mean drift is introduced in the phase equation; this will be well justified with Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations. Numerical results for the long wavelength instabilities of the phase are presented.
System Dynamics: A Disruptive Science. A Conversation with Jay W. Forrester, founder of the field

This is a lightly edited transcript of the first half of the Fireside chat with Professor Jay Wright Forrester (JWF) held on July 24, 2013 at the 31st system dynamics conference in Cambridge, MA. Professor Forrester was 95 at the time of the interview. He passed away in 2016, just short of his 98th birthday.
Modeling Motivation in MicroPsi 2

The MicroPsi architecture combines neuro-symbolic representations with autonomous decision making and motivation based learning. MicroPsi's motivational system reflects cognitive, social and physiological needs, and can account for individual variance and personality traits. Here, we describe the current state of the model that structures the behavior of cognitive agents in MicroPsi2.
Transforming Growth Factor‐β and Cancer

Members of the TGF-β super-family regulate differentiation, proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. TGF-β mediated signalling proceeds via binding of the ligand to membrane receptor kinases, phosphorylation of TβRII receptor to the TβRI receptor kinase, and subsequently Smad activation, resulting in gene transcription. Dysfunctional TGF-β signalling is associated with cancer development and progression, while TGF-β ligand secretion and activation enhances tumour aggressiveness and correlates with metastatic behaviour in human tumours. Molecular exploitation of defective signalling effectors of this pathway is of major significance in detection and therapeutic targeting of human cancers. The present chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of dysfunctional TGF-β1 signalling in tumour development and progression and its relevance in cancer prognosis and therapy. Keywords: transforming growth factor-β; cancer; signalling transduction; Smads; bone morphogenetic proteins
Nested chromosomal deletions induced with retroviral vectors in mice.

Chromosomal deletions, especially nested deletions, are major genetic tools in diploid organisms that facilitate the functional analysis of large chromosomal regions and allow the rapid localization of mutations to specific genetic intervals. In mice, well-characterized overlapping deletions are only available at a few chromosomal loci1,2, partly due to drawbacks of existing methods. Here we exploit the random integration of a retrovirus to generate high-resolution sets of nested deletions around defined loci in embryonic stem (ES) cells, with sizes extending from a few kilobases to several megabases. This approach expands the application of Cre-loxP–based chromosome engineering3 because it not only allows the construction of hundreds of overlapping deletions, but also provides molecular entry points to regions based on the retroviral tags. Our approach can be extended to any region of the mouse genome.
Virtual environments and advanced interface design

Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design is a volume of original chapters to introduce the reader to the technology of virtual reality. The research presented in this book examines the impact of the new technology of virtual reality on the field of human factors. The first editor, Barfield, is head of the Human Factor Laboratory at the University of Washington in the USA, and he has assembled contributions from experts in key laboratories around the US to discuss their basic approaches to this new field. Some of the topics discussed are computer graphics, eye tracking, tactile and kinesthetic input, interface design, and applications in medicine and aerospace.
Dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy for primary breast cancer

Adjuvant chemotherapy has been proven to reduce significantly the risk for relapse and death in women with operable breast cancer. Nevertheless, the prognosis for patients presenting with extensive axillary lymph node involvement remains suboptimal. In an attempt to improve on the efficacy of existing chemotherapy, a phase III intergroup trial led by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 97-41) was designed, which tested a mathematical model of tumor growth based on the Norton–Simon hypothesis. This hypothesis, developed about 3 decades ago, and the kinetic model derived from it, created the basis of the concepts of dose density and sequential therapy, both of which were tested in CALGB 97-41. This large prospective randomized trial demonstrated that shortening the time interval between each chemotherapy cycle while maintaining the same dose size resulted in significant improvements in disease-free and overall survival in patients with node-positive breast carcinoma. This finding is highly relevant and has immediate implications for clinical practice.
POSSIBLE MECHANISMS CONTROLLING THE INTRACELLULAR LEVEL OF INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATE DURING SYNCHRONOUS GROWTH OF CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA; ENDOGENOUS RESPIRATION.

Abstract The endogenous respiration rate was measured during two consecutive cycles of synchronous growth of a high temperature strain of C. pyrenoidosa . The respiration rate rose rapidly during early daughter cell development and reached a maximum about one-third of the way through each growth cycle. The rate then declined steadily reaching a minimum prior to the period of nuclear division. At the onset of nuclear division the rate again accelerated and reached a maximum when the culture contained the greatest number of multinucleate cells. The respiration rate, however, decreased during cell division reaching a minimum at the completion of this event. A rapid procedure for harvesting and preparing the cells for respiratory measurements is described. This procedure and the frequency of sampling during synchronous growth appears to explain the differences in the periodism in endogenous respiration rate reported in the present study and those reported by previous workers. The relationship of the periodism in the energy-generating systems to the energy-utilizing systems is discussed as a possible mechanism for controlling the intracellular ATP ADP ratio which may in turn regulate the net synthesis or utilization of inorganic acid-insoluble polyphosphate during cellular growth and division.
Signal Processing for Magnetic‐Recording Channels

In the past decade, several advanced digital signal-processing and coding techniques have been introduced into hard-disk drives to improve the error-rate performance at ever increasing normalized linear densities as well as to reduce manufacturing and servicing costs. The state of the art in signal processing and constrained coding for hard-disk drives is reviewed, with emphasis on the techniques that have been used in commercial systems. Keywords: magnetic recording; microtrack channel model; partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) detection; noise-predictive Viterbi algorithm; noise-predictive maximum-likelihood (NPML) detection; constrained coding; modulation coding; run-length-limited (RLL) codes; maximum transition run (MTR) codes; post-processing; data-dependent NPML detection
Selection of a highly metastatic subpopulation of colon cancer cells in an in vivo immunocompetent mouse model.

5144 Progression of cancer results in the development of cancer cells with a metastatic potential from either mutation or adaptive changes phenotype at the primary site where the cancer arises. To enrich for these metastatic cells in an immunocompetent in vivo mouse model, we stably transfected mouse colon cancer MC-38 cells derived from C57/B16 mice with a luciferase reporter under control of the CMV promoter. Selection of highly invasive cells was accomplished in vitro through matrigel-coated polycarbonate filters in Transwells using a modified Boyden chamber invasion assay with serial enrichment of invasive cell populations through replicate selections. Bioluminescent imaging was used to monitor both in vitro invasion through the matrigel-coated Transwell filters and in vivo metastasis in syngeneic C57/B16 mice. MC-38 cells selected for invasion demonstrated a 15.2-fold increase in the number of invasive cells as compared with parental MC-38 cells. Equal number of the MC-38 parental cells or the invasion-enriched cells (MC-38inv) was injected into the tail vein, and C57/B16 mice were analyzed for in vivo bioluminescence weekly for three weeks (10 mice per group). At necropsy the number of pulmonary metastases per mouse in the group injected with MC-38inv cells averaged 14.2-fold greater and lung weight per mouse 2.6-fold greater than the group of mice injected with parental MC-38 cells. A cell line (now called MC-38Lu) was then established from a lung metastasis that developed after MC-38inv injection. These MC-38Lu cells were injected into tail vein to test formation of pulmonary metastasis in comparison with the MC-38 parental cells. After three weeks, the metastatic number resulting from MC-38Lu injection was too many to count. Lung weight per mouse for the MC-38Lu group increased 4.3-fold over parental MC-38 injected mice. Additionally, after the MC-38Lu cells were injected into the spleen, the mice developed numerous liver metastases that were too many to count. The liver weight per mouse was 3.6-fold greater than that of mice injected with MC-38 parental cells. Thus, this study establishes a reproducible metastastic model of colon cancer in syngeneic mice without the need for immunosuppression, providing an excellent opportunity to identify metastatic biomarkers and to study metastatic mechanisms in colon cancer. We are currently conducting genomic and proteomic studies of these metastatic cells.
Multiple-dose vials: persistence of bacterial contaminants and infection control implications

Due to sporadic infections attributed to contaminated multiple-dose medication vials (MDV), some authorities have suggested discarding all MDV within 24 hours. We inoculated 11 commonly used medications with suspensions of 10 bacterial species previously associated with contaminated parenteral solutions and determined microbial persistence at both room and refrigerator temperature. At 22 degrees C, atropine, curare, folic acid, NPH insulin and triamcinolone did not allow microbial persistence beyond 4 hours. Lidocaine and heparin were sterile by 24 hours. Regular insulin, immune serum globulin, and myochrysine allowed persistence for up to 7 days. At 4 degrees C, bacterial persistence was significantly prolonged for all medications including those MDV requiring refrigeration. No organisms proliferated; however, F. meningosepticum and P. maltophilia were particularly persistent at both temperatures. The risk of persistent MDV contamination appears to be dependent upon specific pharmaceutical, microbe and storage temperature interactions. Recommendations for the refrigeration of MDV medications may require reevaluation on a product-by-product basis.
EXRT: towards a simple benchmark for XML readiness testing

As we approach the ten-year anniversary of the first working draft of the XQuery language, one finds XML storage and query support in a number of commercial database systems. For many XML use cases, database vendors now recommend storing and indexing XML natively and using XQuery or SQL/XML to query and update XML directly. If the complexity of the XML data allows, shredding and reconstructing XML to/from relational tables is still an alternative as well, and might in fact outperform native XML processing. In this paper we report on an effort to evaluate these basic XML data management trade-offs for current commercial systems. We describe EXRT (Experimental XML Readiness Test), a simple micro-benchmark that methodically evaluates the impact of query characteristics on the comparison of shredded and native XML. We describe our experiences and preliminary results from EXRT'ing pressure on the XML data management facilities offered by two relational databases and one XML database system.
Association of simian virus 40 small-t antigen with the 61-kilodalton component of a cellular protein complex.

Abstract Two cellular proteins, 61 and 37 kDa, are found in association with the simian virus 40 (SV40) small-t antigen. Fractionation in standard chromatography systems showed that these proteins were associated with one another in uninfected cells, suggesting that the small-t antigen may bind the complex as a whole and not each individual protein independently. In the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, the 37-kDA protein was selectively released from immune complexes, leaving the small-t antigen and 61-kDa protein in association. This result suggests that the small-t antigen may bind only the 61-kDa protein and that the 37-kDa protein may be associated with immune complexes by virtue of its association with the 61-kDa cellular protein.
Effects of neonatal fluoxetine exposure on behavior across development in rats selectively bred for an infantile affective trait.

Infants born to women with depressive symptoms are at higher risk for insecure attachment and behavioral problems. Thus current medical practice is to continue psychotropic medication of pregnant women with depression despite concerns about its behavioral teratology. There are few animal studies focused on long-term behavioral effects of prenatal antidepressant exposure; in addition, studies have not looked at individual differences in baseline affective state as a source of response variability. In this study, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was administered to male and female rat pups from postnatal days 2–7 to model exposure to antidepressants in the human third trimester. Four behavioral measures were conducted from the neonatal to adult age periods in Low and High lines selectively bred for their rate of ultrasonic vocalizations after brief maternal separation. Neonatal fluoxetine administration decreased distress calls in both lines, but to a greater extent in High line rats than Low line. Neonatal fluoxetine also impaired motor coordination in neonates. Neonatal fluoxetine administration decreased social behavior in both juvenile and adult subjects. Fluoxetine-related reductions in anxiety behavior were not observed at the two older ages. As expected, High line subjects displayed more anxiety behavior than Low line subjects at all three test ages. These results suggest that there are may be significant behavioral consequences of antidepressant use during late pregnancy on offspring maternal attachment and social behavior, with implications for increased risk of autism spectrum disorders. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 141–152, 2015.
The transcription factor XBP1 is selectively required for eosinophil differentiation

The transcription factor XBP1 is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glimcher and colleagues show that XBP1 is expressed during eosinophil differentiation and is uniquely required for the production of granule proteins and eosinophil survival.
The role of public policy in optimizing renewable energy development in the greater southern Appalachian mountains

Abstract This research presents a third component of a comprehensive decision support system for energy planning that allows for combining existing electricity generating capabilities with increased use of renewable energy sources. It focuses on energy planning at the regional level, and concentrates specifically on the greater southern Appalachian mountains of the eastern United States: a region that was chosen for analysis not only due to its heavy dependence on coal for electricity, but also because of its potential for increased use of wind and solar power. Previous research used a geographic information system (GIS) model for identifying renewable energy potential to provide input data for a multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) model to determine the optimal constrained mix of renewable energy sources and existing fossil fuel facilities by balancing annual generation costs against the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions. This new component of the system analyzes three potential public policies—renewable portfolio standard, carbon tax, and renewable energy production tax credit—that have been used to foster increased renewable energy usage. These policies require minor modifications to the MOLP model for implementation. The results of these policy cases were then analyzed to determine the impact that these policies have on generation cost and pollution emissions within the region.
A method for sectioning the corpus callosum in the unanesthetized, unrestrained cat

Abstract To section the corpus callosum in the unrestrained, conscious cat, two pieces of hypodermic tubing carrying a nylon thread were implanted chronically. The tips of the tubes were placed just anterior and posterior to the ventral aspect of the corpus callosum, and the thread was brought out through the wound. The actual section could be made weeks or months later, with only minimal overt behavioral side effects at the moment of section.
The Frequency with which a Group of Unselected College Students Experience Colored Dreaming and Colored Hearing

(1942). The Frequency with which a Group of Unselected College Students Experience Colored Dreaming and Colored Hearing. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 221-229.
ANALYSIS OF A PH.D. PROGRAM VIA GERT MODELING AND SIMULATION

This paper presents a model developed for the planning and control of a Ph.D. program in business administration at a major southeastern university. The technique employed was network simulation (GERT-type) which was selected for its capability to incorporate the stochastic nature of the system into the model. Included in the model are all the sequential steps of the Ph.D. program, such as course work, written preliminary exams, oral exams, dissertation and oral defense, as well as the various probabilistic outcomes and feedback loops of the process. The simulation output yields statistical estimates on program duration and probabilities of various outcomes. The model and simulation results can be used by both university administrators and Ph.D. candidates for planning purposes. The model is flexible in that it can be altered to reflect the unique features of Ph.D. programs of most schools.
Identifying and Responding to Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy.

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is an unusual form of child abuse in which the mother falsifies illness in her child by simulating and#shor producing illness. The syndrome is found in all socioeconomic groups. The father is characteristically unin‐volved and passive, yet supportive of the mother. The age of patients ranges up to 8 years, but most of the fatalities are in children under that age. Consequences of the syndrome may include frequent hospitalizations, painful tests, potentially harmful treatment, and death. The article includes symptoms and suggested professional actions.
Evaluation of Tire-Derived Fuel for Use in Nitrogen Oxide Reduction by Reburning

Tire-derived fuel (TDF) was tested in a small-scale (44 kW or 150,000 Btu/hr) combustor to determine its feasibility as a fuel for use in reburning for control of nitrogen oxide (NO). TDF was gravity-fed into upward flowing combustion gases from a primary natural gas flame doped with ammonia to simulate a high NO combustion process. Emissions of NO, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter were measured. The tests varied the nominal primary NO level from 600 to 1,200 ppm and the primary stoichiometry from 1.1 to 1.2, and used both natural gas and TDF as reburn fuels. The reburn injection rate was varied to achieve 8-20% of the total heat input from the reburn fuel. NO emissions reductions ranged between 20 and 63% when using TDF, depending upon the rate of TDF injection, primary NO, and primary stoichiometry. NO emission reductions when using natural gas as the reburn fuel were consistently higher than those when using TDF. While additional work remains to optimize the process and evaluate costs, TDF has been shown to have the potential to be a technically viable reburning fuel.
A Partially Observed Model for Micromovement of Asset Prices with Bayes Estimation via Filtering

A general micromovement model that describes transactional price behavior is proposed. The model ties the sample characteristics of micromovement and macromovement in a consistent manner. An important feature of the model is that it can be transformed to a filtering problem with counting process observations. Consequently, the complete information of price and trading time is captured and then utilized in Bayes estimation via filtering for the parameters. The filtering equations are derived. A theorem on the convergence of conditional expectation of the model is proved. A consistent recursive algorithm is constructed via the Markov chain approximation method to compute the approximate posterior and then the Bayes estimates. A simplified model and its recursive algorithm are presented in detail. Simulations show that the computed Bayes estimates converge to their true values. The algorithm is applied to one month of intraday transaction prices for Microsoft and the Bayes estimates are obtained.
Electrophoretic karyotype polymorphisms in the genus Pythium

Inter- and intraspecific variation of the electrophoretic karyotypes of 18 Pythium spp. were evaluated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. All species differed in karyotype, and while some morphol...
Integrated agribusinesses and liability for animal waste

Abstract Contamination of surface and ground water by animal waste residues is a major environmental problem in the United States. Legislation has been designed to protect water quality, but its effectiveness has been limited. The paper argues that the legislation has not adjusted to recent changes in the structure of livestock production systems, in particular contract farming and industrialization of agriculture. The paper proposes policy reforms that increase liability of large agribusiness firms, also known as integrators, for the negative environmental side effects caused by their producers’ livestock operations. The reforms should also extend the liability to all participants in animal production and consumption activities.
Chemical–mechanical polishing of SiOC organosilicate glasses: the effect of film carbon content

Abstract The effects of slurry chemistry and film properties on the chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) of three organosilicate glasses (SiOC) were used to develop an understanding of the removal mechanism during SiOC CMP. The SiOC removal rate varied from 40 to 80 nm/min in slurries commonly used to polish silicon dioxide, with the removal rate increasing as the SiOC film carbon content decreased and the slurry pH increased. Film carbon content had the largest impact on CMP, due to its effect on film hydrophobicity and suppression of slurry chemical attack. SiOC surface roughness after CMP was as low as 0.15 nm at a slurry pH of 10.8 and 0.41 nm at a slurry pH of 6.0. Surface and bulk chemical measurements show that chemical reactions with the slurry during CMP occur only at the polymer surface and do not penetrate into the bulk of the films. Experimental results are compared to the CMP of SiLK 1 ‘silicon applications low-κ’ microelectronics resin, a polymer with a comparable dielectric constant, and, to a lesser degree, with silicon dioxide. A mechanism for the CMP of SiOC films in silicon dioxide polishing slurries is proposed that includes the effects of slurry chemistry and film properties.
Detection of Narrowband Signals Using Time-Domain Adaptive Filters

The detection performance of a conventional narrowband analyzer is compared with two adaptive processor mechanizations based on the Widrow least mean squares algorithm. Comparisons are based on both analysis and extensive digital simulation. With a narrowband signal in stationary, white background noise, the performance of the three systems is shown to be essentially the same. With nonstationary background noise, the performance of the conventional system degrades by an amount proportional to the processing time-bandwidth product. The adaptive systems appear to be less sensitive to the nonstationary background, resulting in a potential performance advantage relative to the conventional system.
"Yankee, go home... and take me with you!" Imperialism and international migration in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1961-1966

AbstractThis article re-examines the relationship between United States imperialism in Santo Domingo and the advent of mass Dominican migration to the United States in the early 1960s. There was no coherent imperial plan to displace Dominicans from their homeland. The United States relied on a combination of brutal domination and negotiated consent in its attempts to control politics in Santo Domingo. Knowingly or not, Dominicans capitalized on Washington's desire to present the US as a friend of the Dominican people to wedge their way from the periphery to the centre of the imperial system. However, the rise of migration did not signal the beginning of a new, more egalitarian alternative to imperialism in hemispheric relations. More research is needed about the new system of international inequality that emerged as Dominican migrants moved back and forth between a perpetually reeling Dominican economy and the bleak urban spaces of the United States.
Magnetic fields produced by phase transition bubbles in the electroweak phase transition.

The electroweak phase transition, if proceeding through nucleation and growth of bubbles, should generate large scale turbulent flow, which in turn generates magnetic turbulence and hence magnetic fields on the scale of turbulence flow. We discuss the seeding of this turbulent field by the motion of the dipole charge layers in the phase transition bubble walls, and estimate the strength of the produced fields. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Evidence for early hunters beneath the Great Lakes

Scholars have hypothesized that the poorly understood and rarely encountered archaeological sites from the terminal Paleoindian and Archaic periods associated with the Lake Stanley low water stage (10,000–7,500 BP) are lost beneath the modern Great Lakes. Acoustic and video survey on the Alpena-Amberley ridge, a feature that would have been a dry land corridor crossing the Lake Huron basin during this time period, reveals the presence of a series of stone features that match, in form and location, structures used for caribou hunting in both prehistoric and ethnographic times. These results present evidence for early hunters on the Alpena-Amberley corridor, and raise the possibility that intact settlements and ancient landscapes are preserved beneath Lake Huron.
Animal Adoption as Negotiated Order: A Comparison of Open Versus Traditional Shelter Approaches

ABSTRACTRecently, the sheltering community has begun to reevaluate its adoption policies and the attitudes that shelter workers have towards adopters. Some shelters are now implementing what have been termed “open” adoptions as a way of increasing the number of animals adopted into good homes, moving away from more “traditional,” protective approaches. Based on in-depth interviews with, and observation of, the staff at two such shelters, this study examines how the adoption process is a negotiated order; namely, that workers in concert with each other and potential adopters figure out on a case-by-case basis how to interpret and implement formal adoption policies. Workers at both shelters similarly sorted potential adopters into various categories but relied on different strategies for influencing the outcome of the adoption process.
Organizational Dynamics and Construction of Multiple Feminist Identities in the National Organization for Women

Through an analysis of two National Organization for Women chapters, the author finds that members construct multiple feminist identities that vary in collective definitions of feminism, the overall strategies adopted, and organizational culture. To explain these variations, the author analyzes meso-level relations between the organization and the environment, issues of diversity, and leadership continuity. This study illustrates how organizational factors intertwine to shape how participants come to view themselves and the political and cultural environment surrounding them. With the current research focus either on the larger political environment or individual characteristics, meso-level factors are often overlooked in examinations of social movement dynamics.
Mucocutaneous manifestations of the hyper-IgM immunodeficiency syndrome.

Abstract Background: The recurrent pyogenic infections of patients with hyper-IgM syndrome are controlled by intravenous gamma globulin administration, but patients may suffer from early-onset oral ulcerations and warts. Objective: We have characterized the mucocutaneous manifestations associated with this condition to allow physicians to more readily identify it. Methods: Three male patients with the mucocutaneous manifestations of the hyper-IgM syndrome are described. In one, histopathologic examination of the oral mucosal lesion was performed. Results: Recurrent large, painful oral ulcerations can occur that are not necessarily associated with neutropenia nor do they respond to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration. Histopathologic examination of an ulcer showed a heavy infiltrate of mixed inflammatory cells. Warts tend to be widespread and resistant to traditional therapy. Conclusion: Physicians should consider this uncommon condition when examining a male patient with severe oral ulcers or recalcitrant widespread warts. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:191-6.)
A wideband flexible digital receiver using polyphase harmonic mixer

A wideband flexible digital receiver architecture suitable for software-defined and cognitive radios is presented. The receiver employs a polyphase harmonic mixer and exploits the harmonics caused by hard-switching commutating mixers to minimize the harmonic distortion in the signal path, reduce the tuning range of the frequency synthesizer, and sense a wider frequency spectrum. A robust digital equalizer in the presence of mixer gain/phase mismatch uncertainty is provided. The number of polyphase mixers needed for different operating interference environments is determined via simulation.
Magnetospheric particle injection and the upstream ion event of September 5, 1984

Energetic particle data from the AMPTE Charge Composition Explorer (CCE) spacecraft in the outer dayside magnetosphere are examined during the period of an upstream ion event observed by the AMPTE Ion Release Module (IRM) spacecraft on September 5, 1984. The CCE data reveal the following: (1) an ion enhancement was observed at about 0040 UT in near coincidence with a substorm onset at about 0035 UT, approximately 15 minutes prior to the onset of the event upstream of the shock; (b) ions of both solar-wind - H(2+) Fe-group - and ionospheric O(+) - origin over a broad energy range (about 20 keV to greater than 1350 keV) were injected at substorm onset; (3) the time evolution of the H(+), He(2+), and O(+) pitch angle distributions markedly differed, with O(+) exhibiting mostly enhancements at off-90-deg angles for the first hour after injection; (4) an enhancement in the Fe-group ions inside the magnetosphere at L = about 6.4 occurred simultaneously with the appearance of an O(+) burst upstream of the shock. The CCE observations, taken together with the simultaneously observed IRM ion event, suggest that a plausible explanation for the appearance of upstream ions is leakage from the magnetosphere into the upstream region, rather than the alternative explanation which requires in situ acceleration of solar wind ions via the Fermi Mechanims.