cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and X-Ray crystallography of a substituted trityl fluoride: Ordering power of a C-F bond

Abstract Herein we report the synthesis and X-ray crystallographic study of a per(meta-t-butyl) substituted trityl fluoride in order to explore possible intermolecular F F interactions, as inspired by the recent work of Schreiner et al. on close H contacts. Instead of proximate F atoms, we uncovered an unusual ordering effect caused by an interaction between the polar fluorine and nearby C H bonds, a result that may carry some interest in regards to fluorinated compounds’ interactions with enzymes.
How to Make Effective Evaluation of Psychotropic Drug Effects in People with Developmental Disabilities and Self-Injurious Behavior

This chapter covers the basic considerations necessary to make an effective evaluation of psychopharmacological and behavioral interventions for people with developmental disabilities (DD), with emphasis on self-injurious behavior (SIB), a particularly difficult behavior problem. It is written for the evidence-based clinical researcher and practitioner who encounters these cases frequently. In it we cover a host of issues affecting outcomes: theoretical orientation of the practitioners, design and analysis issues, especially those relevant to the DD population, common pharmacological issues, common behavioral evaluation issues, political and funding issues, and helpful resource materials. Treatment of the topics is slanted toward the behavior analytic approach, since that is the one most commonly used with SIB; but this chapter is also relevant to other approaches and to other populations with DD besides the SIB population.
The impact of COVID-19 on individuals living with serious mental illness.

On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a global pandemic. As the number of COVID-19 cases increase exponentially in the U.S., there has been much effort on minimizing the spread of the disease via the implementation of social distancing practices, which can be stressful for everyone including individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression.
A latent profile analysis of borderline personality features and externalizing problems in youth.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the co-occurrence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) features in elementary-aged youth. METHOD Latent profile analysis characterized subgroups of youth based on the presence of BPD, ADHD, and ODD features, and subgroups were compared on academic, social, and emotional impairment. RESULTS Seven subgroups were identified, including subgroups with slight, subclinical, clinical, and severe levels of co-occurring BPD, ADHD, and ODD features, and a subgroup of youth with no elevations in these symptom domains. Subgroups of youth with only clinical elevations in ADHD and only clinical levels in BPD features were also identified. Groups differed on level and type of impairment. CONCLUSION Youth with ADHD and ODD represent a high-risk group likely to also show early prodromal clinical elevations in BPD. Future work is needed to examine the longitudinal outcomes of these subgroups to inform prevention and treatment.
Laboratory Tests in Pediatric Sleep Medicine

In general, use of clinical laboratory tests during evaluation of children with sleep disorders is infrequent. Although most of the blood or cerebrospinal fluid tests related to specific sleep disorders will be covered in their respective chapters, here we will survey some of them, while also addressing other tests that may be useful in the clinical decision-making process among children referred for assessment of sleep problems. More particularly, the laboratory-based tests of children with sleep problems such as habitual snoring, restless sleep, and excessive sleepiness will be covered.
Review of Data Pulse: A Brief Tour of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care.

Reviews the book, Data Pulse:A Brief Tour of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care by Matthew M. Marcetich (2020). This book remains true to its name as a brief review, providing a snap shot of how artificial intelligence (AI) is transform ing the application of informatics in health care. While reading the 12 chapters, the reviewer felt as if she were exploring new worlds of how health care is and should be-relying on AI system-wide. This is a necessary introductory guide for seasoned health care profes sionals seeking to answer the question of how their current and future career will involve AI practice implementation and/or research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Differences in time to return to work among patients undergoing simultaneous versus staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Aims Many patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have severe osteoarthritis (OA) in both knees and may consider either simultaneous or staged bilateral TKA. The implications of simultane...
Toxicology Data for Alternative “Short-Chain” Fluorinated Substances

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been manufactured and widely used since the 1950s in numerous industrial and consumer applications. However, various perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which have been manufactured and sold themselves and are impurities and breakdown products from numerous commercial per- and poly-fluoroalkyl surfactant and polymeric products, have been found widely in the environment. Concerns about the potential environmental impact of “long-chain” PFAAs has led to a substantial phase out of production of PFOS and PFOA and related compounds. Manufacturers have moved to production of alternative products which cannot be transformed in to long-chain PFAAs. This chapter provides an overview of available toxicology data for alternative fluorinated technologies including: short-chain fluorotelomer, short-chain electrochemical fluorination, perfluoropolyether, fluorinated oxetane, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl ether carboxylates and short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids.
Hypophysis Thyroid Axis Disturbances in Human Brain Dead Donors

Hypothalamus and hypophysis as brain are included inside the inextensible cranial box. When brain dead process is going on, hypothalamus and hypophysis are destroyed. Hypothermia and polyuria are very well known as brain death symptoms. Some authors thought, according to experimental model, that hormonal depletion should be responsible of sudden cardiac arrest.
Mass Spectrometry Tools for Analysis of Intermolecular Interactions

The small quantities of protein required for mass spectrometry (MS) make it a powerful tool to detect binding (protein-protein, protein-small molecule, etc.) of proteins that are difficult to express in large quantities, as is the case for many intrinsically disordered proteins. Chemical cross-linking, proteolysis, and MS analysis, combined, are a powerful tool for the identification of binding domains. Here, we present a traditional approach to determine protein-protein interaction binding sites using heavy water ((18)O) as a label. This technique is relatively inexpensive and can be performed on any mass spectrometer without specialized software.
Multiple Group Analysis in Multilevel Structural Equation Model Across Level 1 Groups.

This article introduces and evaluates a procedure for conducting multiple group analysis in multilevel structural equation model across Level 1 groups (MG1-MSEM; Ryu, 2014). When group membership is at Level 1, multiple group analysis raises two issues that cannot be solved by a simple extension of the standard multiple group analysis in single-level structural equation model. First, the Level 2 data are not independent between Level 1 groups. Second, the standard procedure fails to take into account the dependency between members of different Level 1 groups within the same cluster. The MG1-MSEM approach provides solutions to these problems. In MG1-MSEM, the Level 1 mean structure is necessary to represent the differences between Level 1 groups within clusters. The Level 2 model is the same regardless of Level 1 group membership. A simulation study examined the performance of MUML (Muthen's maximum likelihood) estimation in MG1-MSEM. The MG1-MSEM approach is illustrated for both a multilevel path model and a multilevel factor model using empirical data sets.
The importance of perceived task and type of presentation in student response to instructional television

Thus far, research in the area of instructional television has yielded two conclusions. First, as indicated in the reviews of ITV literature by Chu and Schramm (1967) and MacLennan and Reid (1967), there is no significant difference in learning between instructional television and conventional classroom instruction. Both Anderson (1972) and Moldstad (1974) have indicated that this conclusion has positive value for school administrators who can thus justify use of ITV to solve problems in the areas of personnel, scheduling and, to some degree, finance. Second, despite the intuitive, aesthetic beliefs of many ITV producers, there is no conclusive evidence to indicate that dynamic production techniques (animation, color, special effects, etc.) increase the amount of information gained by students. In fact, learning theorists such as Severin (1968) and McIntyre (1965) have argued that use of visualization should be restricted to instances in which relevant, nonredundant cues can be presented. For various methodological, theoretical, and aesthetic reasons, each of these conclusions has been challenged and
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder

The concept of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder (PAPD) is less controversial than its validity. The disorder used to be known as Negativistic Personality Disorder (NEGPD) and has undergone several changes in terms of its classification, criteria, and appearance within empirical studies. Its original appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders was in 1952 (DSM-I; American Psychiatric Association [APA]). Criteria for this disorder centered on dispositional qualities of individuals who would passively resist demands related to everyday routines (Rotenstein et al., 2007). Subsequent versions of the DSM would lead to revised criteria by which PAPD was identified within clinical fields. Clinicians responsible for these revisions often related their rationale for doing so because of clients' tendencies to show pervasive oppositional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that also manifested themselves within interpersonal relationships (Ritzler & Gerevitz-Stern, 2007). Keywords: passive-aggressive; treatment; diagnosis
The Probability Inquiry Environment: a collaborative, inquiry-based simulation environment

Recent perspectives on learning encourage educators interested in technology based learning environments to reconsider their basic assumptions about teaching as transmitting correct information. Instead we view the teaching and learning enterprise as helping students construct knowledge from domain relevant experiences. We report on the Probability Inquiry Environment (PIE), which facilitates the development of probabilistic reasoning by making available collaborative inquiry activities and student-controlled simulations. These activities guide middle school students toward a deeper understanding of probability, a domain that is becoming increasingly important in the K-12 mathematics curricula of the United States but which is notoriously difficult to learn.
Chain packing in ethoxyphenyl-polycarbonate by 13C{2H} redor

Rotational-echo double-resonance 13 C{ 2 H} NMR has been used to characterize the chain packing in a 13 C, 2 H-labeled ethoxyphenyl-substituted bisphenol A polycarbonate. Approximately 36% of the repeat units are locally ordered, and between 85% and 95% of carbonate linkages are trans. The local order in interchain packing is correlated with the local order of intrachain conformations of the carbonate linkages.
Differences in Empathy Between Offender and Nonoffender Youth

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in empathy between offender and nonoffender youth. Seventy-six male and 33 female juvenile offenders between the ages of 12 and 18 years and 33 male and 33 female nonoffenders between the ages of 15 and 19 years comprised the samples for this study. Measures of empathy, altruism, and social support were administered to all participants and then the participants were analyzed for status group differences. Only 1 dimension of empathy, emotional tone, was found to be significantly different based on group status. Gender differences were found for both status groups for another dimension of empathy, personal distress. Among offender and nonoffender youth, females yielded higher scores in personal distress than did males. Emotional tone and family structure were found to be the most predictive variables of offender status. Findings were discussed based on previous research and implications for interventions were addressed.
Maximum likelihood wavelet fusion for aerospace NDE applications

Wavelet-based data fusion techniques have been used extensively in several application areas, including quantification of flaw parameters in nondestructive evaluation applications. The use of hybrid systems including the use of wavelets and neural networks for fusion and corrosion characterization is relatively recent. While the hybrid approach usually results in fairly accurate results, the selection of the fusion parameters is manually accomplished and is typically a time-consuming process. This paper proposes a multiresolution data fusion algorithm to improve the performance of corrosion quantification in aircraft lap joints. A maximum likelihood estimation scheme is proposed to fuse data in the wavelet domain. The proposed algorithm reduces the dimensionality of the input and improves the robustness of the network. Initial results indicate that the proposed approach gives similar results to those obtained using manual parameter selection, and indicate the feasibility of the algorithm
Workplace accommodations and job success for persons with bipolar disorder

Objective This research seeks to identify job characteristics and workplace policies conducive to the job success of individuals with bipolar disorder, and to examine the interactions between employers and bipolar employees regarding requested workplace accommodations. Participants The study population consists of 39 adults who were in outpatient care and diagnosed with bipolar I or II disorder. Methods Each participant completed a mail-in questionnaire regarding workplace characteristics that would enhance job performance. Results Primary beneficial work characteristics reported are schedule flexibility, autonomy, and supervisor willingness to provide accommodations. Specific helpful characteristics noted by participants include allowances for working at home, leaves of absence, frequent breaks, barriers between work spaces, control over goal-setting, creativity, and avoidance of jobs with pace set by machinery. Twelve of the 26 workers requested workplace changes, and of the 12 requests, 10 were implemented. Incidents of employer bias were reported. Conclusion The experiences of the survey participants regarding beneficial workplace accommodations may help to improve the productivity and well-being of other individuals with bipolar disorder.
An equation-of-state for methane for modeling hydrogen attack in ferritic steels

A statistical mechanical-based high temperature and high pressure equation-of-state for methane has been developed using the McQuarrie and Katz formulation based on Leonard-Jones (n, 6) intermolecular potential. Fugacity coefficients for methane have been estimated, and it is shown that for plain carbon steels during hydrogen attack the methane pressures are considerably lower than the fugacities and fall into a physically meaningful range (≤2500 MPa). Further, simple, but reasonably accurate, expressions for both the equation-of-state and fugacity coefficient have been developed for the purpose of modeling hydrogen attack kinetics in ferritic steels.
Determination of optimal exposure time for imaging of blood flow changes with laser speckle contrast imaging

Laser speckle contrast imaging is becoming an established method for full-field imaging of cerebral blood flow dynamics in animal models. The sensitivity and noise in the measurement of blood flow changes depend on the camera exposure time. The relation among sensitivity, noise, and camera exposure time was investigated experimentally by imaging the speckle contrast changes in the brain after electrical forepaw stimulation in rats. The sensitivity to relative changes in speckle contrast was found to increase at longer exposure times and to reach a plateau for exposure times greater than approximately 2 ms. However, the speckle contrast noise also increases with exposure time and thus the contrast-to-noise ratio was found to peak at an exposure time of approximately 5 ms. Our results suggests that approximately 5 ms is an optimal exposure time for imaging of stimulus-induced changes in cerebral blood flow in rodents.
Reduced sleep, stress responsivity, and female sex contribute to persistent inflammation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in rats

Studies in humans suggest that female sex, reduced sleep opportunities and biological stress responsivity increase risk for developing persistent pain conditions. To investigate the relative contribution of these three factors to persistent pain, we employed the Sciatic Inflammatory Neuritis (SIN) model of repeated left sciatic perineurial exposures to zymosan, an inflammatory stimulus, to determine their impact upon the development of persistent mechanical hypersensitivity. Following an initial moderate insult, a very low zymosan dose was infused daily for eight days to model a sub-threshold inflammatory perturbation to which only susceptible animals would manifest or maintain mechanical hypersensitivity. Using Sprague Dawley rats, maintaining wakefulness throughout the first one-half of the 12-h light phase resulted in a bilateral reduction in paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs); zymosan infusion reduced ipsilateral PWTs in all animals and contralateral PWTs only in females. This sex difference was validated in Fischer 344, Lewis and Sprague Dawley rats, suggesting that females are the more susceptible phenotype for both local and centrally driven responses to repeated low-level inflammatory perturbations. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyporesponsive Lewis rats exhibited the most robust development of mechanical hypersensitivity and HPA axis hyperresponsive Fischer 344 rats matched the Lewis rats' mechanical hypersensitivity throughout the latter four days of the protocol. If HPA axis phenotype does indeed influence these findings, the more balanced responsivity of Sprague Dawley rats would seem to promote resilience in this paradigm. Taken together, these findings are consistent with what is known regarding persistent pain development in humans.
Vicarious extinction of phobic behavior in early childhood

Fifteen children who had previously demonstrated phobic behavior under dental treatment were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Each condition involved six sessions which were conducted over a three week interval. Results supported the efficacy of modeling as a means of ameliorating phobic behavior in the dental treatment situation. Although viewing the operatory and professional staff alone appeared therapeutic, modeling was considered a superior mode of treatment.
Polycarbonate networks. Part 2. Cure study and determination of mechanical, adhesive, and crystallization properties

Abstract Vinylphenylcarbonate terminated oligocarbonates were thermally cured into insoluble three-dimensional networks. The cure reaction of the functional oligomers with varied molecular weights was studied under different reaction temperatures and cure times. The K 1c fracture toughness was determined for the cured samples and the values obtained show that the polycarbonate networks retain some of the toughness of linear thermoplastic polycarbonate. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed on the uncured, partially cured, and fully cured samples and a shift in glass transition temperature ( T g ) to higher values was observed with extent of cure. The low temperature secondary relaxation peaks were observed to broaden toward higher values with extent of cure. Tensile measurements of cured samples demonstrated an increase in tensile strengths for the cured materials relative to low molecular weight oligomers, but with no change in modulus, while the tensile elongations of the cured samples showed an improvement over oligomers. The crystallizability of the cured materials was examined and it was determined that a significant improvement in solvent resistance to crystallization was obtained over that of linear polycarbonate. The materials also show potential as structural adhesives.
MR imaging of soft-tissue masses : diagnostic efficacy and value of distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MR imaging in predicting the pathologic diagnosis of soft-tissue masses, both neoplastic and nonneoplastic, and in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.The imaging features of 225 soft-tissue tumors (179 benign, 46 malignant) in 222 patients were analyzed. Univariate analysis of multiple individual imaging features was done, along with stepwise logistic regression analysis of combinations of imaging features, to determine how useful these are for predicting malignancy or benignity. A subjective (group consensus) analysis of each case was done prospectively, and each tumor was placed into one of three diagnostic categories: (1) benign, diagnostic of a specific entity; (2) nonspecific, most likely benign; or (3) nonspecific, most likely malignant. Results were compared with the final diagnosis established by pathologic examination (n = 184) or imaging/clinical data (n = 41).By quantitative analysis, no single imaging feature or combination of...
Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage after sutured posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To describe the clinical course and management of patients with late vitreous hemorrhage after scleral suturing of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL). Methods: The authors reviewed patient demographics, ocular findings, and clinical course of six patients with late (>3 weeks) vitreous hemorrhage after sclera-sutured PCIOL. Intraoperative endoscopy was performed on two patients to better assess the haptic sulcus interaction. Results: Patient age ranged from 39 to 84 years (median 77 years). The interval between scleral suturing of the PCIOL and vitreous hemorrhage ranged from 3 weeks to 68 months (median 5 months). The number of hemorrhages ranged from one to four. The hemorrhage cleared spontaneously in three eyes. Three patients underwent surgery after the hemorrhages including sutured PCIOL removal with concurrent placement of an anterior chamber IOL (ACIOL) (two patients) and resuturing of a PCIOL in a different meridian (one patient). Follow-up ranged from 4 to 36 months, median 19.5 months, starting from the time of the initial postsuturing vitreous hemorrhage. Final vision ranged from 20/20 to hand motions, with four eyes having 20/40 or better vision. Endoscopy revealed a haptic embedded into the pars plicata in one eye but no evidence of neovascularization. Conclusion: Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage may occur as a complication of scleral suturing of PCIOL. The etiology of these hemorrhages does not appear to be related to neovascular proliferation at the haptic suture site, but may be secondary to erosion of the haptic into uveal structures. Not all eyes require reoperation after these hemorrhages; however, good visual results may be achieved by replacing the sutured PCIOL with an ACIOL or by suturing the PCIOL in a different meridian.
Acute pancreatitis in patients with Crohn's disease: Clinical features and outcomes

Background: Acute pancreatitis has occasionally been associated with Crohn's disease (CD), but whether a causal association exists remains unclear. We sought to determine the frequency of etiologies in a consecutive series of patients with CD with acute pancreatitis. Methods: A centralized diagnostic index was used to identify all patients with CD with acute pancreatitis that were evaluated at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1976 and 2001. Both diagnoses were made or confirmed at our institution. Records were abstracted for demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnostic tests, risk factors of pancreatitis, treatment, and follow-up. Results: Forty-eight patients with CD with pancreatitis were identified. The median age at diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was 47 years (range, 31-91 yr). Forty-six (96%) met biochemical criteria for acute pancreatitis. The most sensitive radiographic tests were abdominal computed tomography (70%) and abdominal ultrasound (46%). The etiology of pancreatitis was considered to be gallstones (21%), significant alcohol intake (15%), use ofpurine analogs (13%), duodenal Crohn's involvement (12%), postendoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography complications (10%), postoperative complications (12%), use of other medications (4%) and idiopathic (8%). The median length of hospitalization was 7 days (range, 0-40 d). Ten patients (21%) had recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Three patients (6 t ll>) were subsequently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: A definite etiology could be identified in most patients with CD with acute pancreatitis. Gallstones and alcohol accounted for more than one third of cases, whereas CD, either because of duodenal involvement or medications used for its treatment, accounted for more that one quarter of the cases. A small proportion of patients remained idiopathic.
Enhanced Oxygen Diffusion Within the Internal Oxidation Zone of Alloy 617 in Controlled Impurity Helium Environments from 1023 K to 1123 K (750 °C to 850 °C)

Alloy 617 was exposed to He-CO-CO2 environments with $$ P_{\text{CO}} /P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }} $$ of either 9 or 1320 at temperatures from 1023 K to 1123 K (750 °C to 850 °C) to determine the oxygen diffusion coefficients within the internal oxidation zone of the alloy. The oxygen diffusion coefficients determined based on both intergranular and transgranular oxidation rates were several orders of magnitude greater than those reported in pure nickel and in nickel-based binary alloys, indicating that the rapid internal aluminum oxidation of Alloy 617 was primarily due to enhanced oxygen diffusion along the incoherent Al2O3-alloy interfaces. The range of activation energy values determined for oxygen diffusion associated with the intergranular aluminum oxidation was from 149.6 to 154.7 kJ/mol, and that associated with the transgranular aluminum oxidation was from 244.7 to 283.5 kJ/mol.
Uterine cervical cancer metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration

Utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosis of metastatic mediastinal lymph node (MLN) following an unproductive computed tomography (CT) guided-biopsy in a patient with cervical cancer. A 35-year-old woman with locally invasive cervical cancer was found to have a suspicious paraesophageal posterior MLN during the preliminary staging. Mediastinal metastasis from cervical cancer has been rarely reported. Mediastinal CT-guided-biopsy was non-diagnostic. Hence, patient underwent EUS guided-FNA of MLN confirming metastatic cervical cancer. Cervical cancer metastasis to MLN is rare. EUS can be safely and effectively used for FNA from paraesophageal lymph nodes.
Weighted parallel factor analysis as a method for reduction of background matrix effects in the determination of aqueous pesticides

Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy with multi-way spectral deconvolution has proven successful when applied to the detection and quantification of aqueous pesticides. However, resolution becomes difficult when the EEM spectrum of one or more pesticides overlap the Raman scattering. The diagonal pattern across the spectrum is inefficiently modeled by trilinear multi-way spectral deconvolution and calibration methods. Weighted parallel factor analysis (W-PARAFAC) may be employed to reduce this effect. There are tow principal classes of weighting strategies, positive and negative. Positive weighting enhances each component's signal, while negative weighting focuses on eliminating any nonlinearities present in the background. These two classed may be further divided into the subgroups of hard and soft weighting. Hard weighting is a binary weighing strategy, while soft weighting applies a continuous distribution of weights. The optimal weighting strategy for a model is dependent on the analytes; signal intensity and overlap with the background scattering. When Raman scattering is present in the EEM spectra, a W-PARAFAC model will always exceed the performance of a model lacking background correction.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Calculation of sequential hydrogen atom binding energies on a model lithium cluster

Abstract Density functional calculations have been performed to investigate the sequential hydrogen binding energies on a model Li 18 cluster (Li 18 H 2 n +H 2 (Li 18 H 2 n +2 , n =0–8). Data was generated for a sample of six different isomers for each Li 18 H 2 n system. The results seem to indicate that there is a slight increase in the incremental binding energy as the cluster becomes more hydrogenated. This has been attributed to the restructuring of the cluster geometry to form regions of a regular lattice as the number of bound H atoms increase. Natural population analyses indicate that the total charge transfer to each hydrogen atom is essentially constant at approximately 0.75 e. This value seems to be independent of the number of hydrogen atoms already on the cluster or the site of hydrogen atom binding. These results are consistent with previous analyses of charge transfer in lithium hydrides.
Relationship between antibody to LAV/HTLV-III and the natural course of subclinical cellular immune dysfunction in homosexual men.

To assess the epidemiology and natural history of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) and subclinical immunodeficiency in relation to serologic evidence of lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human T-lymphotropic virus type III (LAV/HTLV-III) infection, 109 homosexual men with PGL, 47 homosexual men without lymphadenopathy who attended a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, 25 homosexual male university students, and 26 heterosexual men who attended the STD clinic were studied. In 1982-1983 antibody to LAV/HTLV-III was present in 97%, 35%, 21%, and 4% of the four groups, respectively (P less than .001). Subclinical immunodeficiency was more closely associated with LAV/HTLV-III seropositivity than with lymphadenopathy. Cohorts of 78 homosexual subjects with PGL, 35 homosexual subjects from STD clinic, and 15 homosexual university students were followed for median periods of 13.5, 20, and 14.5 months, respectively. The seroconversion rate was 23% per year among seronegative subjects, and 4% of seropositive subjects developed overt acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Among seronegative subjects, there was significant improvement in T4:T8 ratios (P = .001), whereas most seropositive subjects continued to have subnormal total counts of T4 lymphocytes and low T4:T8 ratios. Some cases of subclinical cellular immunodeficiency apparently are unrelated to LAV/HTLV-III infection, and the presence of antibody to this virus is associated with an unfavorable immunologic prognosis.
Synthesis and coordination chemistry of 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)benzene P,P'-dioxide.

The coordination chemistry of the title bifunctional ligand with Y(NO3)3 and Er(NO3)3 is described, and the molecular structures of the bis-chelates {M[(Ph2P(O)CH2)2C6H4]2(NO3)2}(NO3) are compared with the structures formed by the trifunctional ligand [(Ph2P(O)CH2)2C5H3NO].
Recovery spaces and therapeutic jurisprudence: a case study of the family treatment drug courts

In recent years families entangled with drug addiction and drug use have become subjected to a myriad of judicial and medical interventionist strategies designed to remake the family into a more socially productive and self-regulated ‘healthy’ body. Working through feminist and post-structural understandings of law and different body–space relations of family treatment and recovery, in this paper we empirically investigate the nature and workings of therapeutic jurisprudence in drug treatment and child welfare management programs based in San Diego, California, and involved in the family treatment drug court (FTDC) system. What is at the forefront in this paper are different critical geographical conceptualizations of the double articulating productive and inhibiting forces inherent to the workings of FTDCs. Through the presentation of two family narratives of different familial, corporeal, spatial, and institutional encounters, movements, and transformations, we argue for alternative, attentive, and empo...
Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics: Analog Learning Systems

This article provides an overview of the HRL Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics (SyNAPSE) project and progress made thus far. The multifaceted SyNAPSE program seeks to advance the state of the art in biological algorithms and in developing a new generation of neuromorphic electronic machines necessary for the efficient implementation of these algorithms by drawing inspiration from biology.The fundamental premise of the HRL team to develop brain architecture and related tools has been to recognize that there was a sequence of evolutionary events by which the brain architecture evolved from a primitive brain into a modern brain.
Factors Influencing Antifungal Activity of Gentian Violet in Poultry Feed and Ingredients

The inhibition of fungal activity in poultry feed and ingredients by gentian violet was investigated by measuring respiratory CO2 liberated into the headspace gas above samples of feed and ingredients. Inhibition by gentian violet depended on 1) the lot of corn meal, 2) the concentration of gentian violet, 3) the moisture of the substrate, 4) time of incubation, 5) particle sizes of corn meal and gentian violet, and 6) temperature of a short heating episode mimicking the feed-pelleting process. These same factors were reported earlier to control and limit the activity of organic acid mold inhibitors. These results imply that differences between gentian violet and other mold inhibitors used in poultry feed are quantitative rather than qualitative.
Theory of Josephson-Type Oscillations in a Moving Charge-Density Wave

Theorie de phenomenes de type Josephson, dans laquelle les deux etats quantiques macroscopiques sont les deux composantes d'une onde de densite de charge a vecteurs d'onde opposes. Les niveaux de Fermi de ces deux etats sont decomposes pour une onde de densite de charge en mouvement; la diffusion par les impuretes entraine des oscillations quantiques qui peuvent etre la cause du bruit de bande etroite, observe dans des materiaux tels que NbSe 3 et TaS 3
Architectural and Spatial Design Studies: Inscribing Architecture in Design Studies

The present article argues for the inscription of architecture – as well as studies of design in various spatial scales – within the fi eld of design studies. It claims the need for bridging these two areas of inquiry, architecture and design studies, and for creating a new fi eld that intersects architecture scholarship with design studies, but also with a variety of other fi elds, such as cultural and urban geography, vernacular studies, interior design, spatial anthropology, material culture, and media studies. This fi eld could be tentatively named as architectural and spatial design studies, showing its affi liation with a broader range of spatial disciplines and practices that include – but are not limited to – architecture, as well as with the fi eld of design studies.
The configurational entropy of glass

Abstract Configurational entropy is of fundamental importance to understanding the universal nature of the glassy state. According to the conventional view, the configurational entropy of a liquid is ‘frozen’ below the glass transition temperature ( T g ) all the way to absolute zero. Contrary to this, we claim that: (i) there is an entropy loss associated with the liquid to glass transition, and (ii) the configurational entropy in the glassy state vanishes at absolute zero. This paper contrasts our arguments (called the ‘entropy loss’ view) and the conventional view.
Inappropriate increase in erythropoietin titers during chemotherapy

Serial erythropoietin measurements by RIA were performed in six patients with acute leukemia treated by intensive chemotherapy. In all cases erythropoietin titers increased after the onset of treatment, although the hemoglobin concentration remained at stable values. Subsequently the erythropoietin titers gradually returned to baseline levels. In same patients this reduction occurred at the end of chemotherapy, in others coincident with infections and antibiotic therapy. In four patients this decrease occurred at the time of bone marrow recovery. The explanation for this inappropriate increase in erythropoietin titers is not clear but may be related to a direct or indirect effect of a suppressed marrow on sites of erythropoietin production or catabolism.
Heat shock (stress) proteins and γδ T lymphocytes in oral lichen planus

Objective. Heat shock proteins (Hsps), a highly conserved class of protective cellular proteins that are produced under various conditions of environmental challenge, have been implicated as the antigenic stimulus in autoimmune diseases. Because lichen planus (LP) appears to be an autoimmune or hyperimmune condition (mediated by T cells), Hsps may have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. We believe that if keratinocyte Hsps are antigenic targets of a cellular immune response, upregulation of these proteins should be demonstrable in tissue sections. Study design. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate expression of several families of Hsps in oral lichen planus tissues. The number and distribution of γδ T cells, a subset of T lymphocytes with an immune surveillance function that may contribute to autoimmunity, were also evaluated. Monoclonal antibodies to Hsps 27, 60, 70, 90, γδ receptor, and CD3 (pan-T lymphocyte marker) were incubated with frozen sections of LP ( n =22) and normal oral mucosa ( n =17) followed by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase labeling method. Antibodies to bacterial Hsps (GroEL and DnaK) were used as negative controls, and antibody to constitutive eukaryotic Hsp (Hsc70) was used as a positive control. Results. In six cases of LP, basal keratinocytes stained intensely for Hsp27, whereas controls showed only slight staining. Otherwise LP and normal tissues showed comparable positive staining of upper level keratinocytes with anti-Hsp27. Subjective increases in antibody staining were noted for Hsp60 in LP, which was due in part to staining of infiltrating lymphocytes and in part to keratinocyte expression. Normal tissues showed weak basal cell antibody staining for Hsp60. Hsp70 staining was observed at a less intense level in LP than in controls. Except for more intense basement membrane staining with anti-Hsp90 antibody in gingiva and palate, no differences in the occurrence of this protein were found. Absolute numbers of γδ T cells were increased in LP when compared with those in control specimens ( n =10 vs n =1, respectively, per high-power field). However, γδ T cells represented less than 1% of the CD3+ lymphocytes. Conclusions. It was concluded that normal oral mucosa expresses Hsps 27, 60, 70, and 90 and contains few γδ T cells. Although the expression of Hsps was altered in LP, the differences demonstrated were slight and were therefore inconclusive. The Hsps expressed in LP could have contributed to the persistence or chronicity of the disease, or they could have simply reflected cellular injury.
The development of the neural substrates of cognitive control in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.

Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) involve impairments in cognitive control. In typical development (TYP), neural systems underlying cognitive control undergo substantial maturation during adolescence. Development is delayed in adolescents with ASD. Little is known about the neural substrates of this delay. Methods We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a cognitive control task involving overcoming a prepotent response tendency to examine the development of cognitive control in young (ages 12–15; n = 13 with ASD and n = 13 with TYP) and older (ages 16–18; n = 14 with ASD and n = 14 with TYP) adolescents with whole-brain voxelwise univariate and task-related functional connectivity analyses. Results Older ASD and TYP showed reduced activation in sensory and premotor areas relative to younger ones. The older ASD group showed reduced left parietal activation relative to TYP. Functional connectivity analyses showed a significant age by group interaction with the older ASD group exhibiting increased functional connectivity strength between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, bilaterally. This functional connectivity strength was related to task performance in ASD, whereas that between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex (Brodmann areas 9 and 40) was related to task performance in TYP. Conclusions Adolescents with ASD rely more on reactive cognitive control, involving last-minute conflict detection and control implementation by the anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, versus proactive cognitive control requiring processing by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex. Findings await replication in larger longitudinal studies that examine their functional consequences and amenability to intervention.
A major satellite DNA of soybean is a 92-base pairs tandem repeat.

We report the cloning, sequencing and analysis of the major repetitive DNA of soybean (Glycine max). The repeat, SB92, was cloned as several monomers and trimers produced by digestion with XhoI. The deduced consensus sequence of the repeat is 92 base pairs long. Genomic sequences do not fluctuate in length. Their average homology to the consensus sequence is 92%. The consensus of SB92 contains slightly degenerated homologies for several 6-cutters. Therefore, many of them generate a ladder of 92-bp oligomers. The distribution of bands seems to be random, but the occurrence of sites for different 6-cutters varies widely. There is no obvious correlation between the sequences of the neighboring units of SB92 in cloned trimers. Also, there are none of the internal repetitive blocks reported for many satellite DNAs from other species. The SB92 repeat makes up 0.7% of total soybean DNA. This is equivalent to 8×104 copies, or 7 megabases. The repeat is organized in giant tandem blocks over 1 Mb in length, and there are fewer blocks than chromosomes. The polymorphism of these blocks is extremely high. The SB92 repeat is present in identical arrangement and number of copies in the ancestral subspecies Glycine soja. There are 10 times fewer copies of the repeat in a related species Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), and no homologies in several other more distant leguminous plants studied.
Intervention-based school psychology services: Training for child-level accountability; preparing for program-level accountability

Abstract This research evaluated the outcomes of a school psychology training practicum by replicating intervention-based service delivery procedures established in prior research. The key components include describing a service delivery model, teaching the model, deriving practice guidelines that fit the model, supporting trainees in carrying out the steps, and evaluating the outcomes. Procedures to determine outcomes were based on single-case design facets including accountability design (A–B), visual analysis of graphic data, and social validity ratings. Meta-analysis techniques included calculation of effect sizes and percent of nonoverlapping data (PND). Goal attainment scaling (GAS) also was used to summarize outcomes. The analyses indicated that the interventions led to positive changes for most children. For example, the median effect size was 1.42 across cases. Social validity evidence showed that consumers judged the outcomes positively. Achieving ideal baseline and technical adequacy checks (e.g., observer agreement, intervention adherence) represented challenges for many consultations. The contributions of the study include describing methods for child- and program-level accountability in training and areas for improvement including further supporting the completion of technical checks for intervention services.
A stochastic framework for power system operation with wind generation and energy storage integration

This paper proposes a probabilistic optimal power flow (POPF) to evaluate the power system operation with renewable energy generation. Probability density functions (PDFs) are used to stochastically model the wind speed and load. A (2m+1)-point estimation considers the system uncertainties for power flow analysis. The proposed method incorporates energy storage into the POPF model to evaluate its application for wind power integration. The IEEE 24-bus system is used to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of the developed POPF framework. Different scenarios are studied to investigate the economic advantage of wind and storage co-location over the cases where the wind and storage units are installed at different buses.
Progress report on controlled trial of fecal occult blood testing for the detection of colorectal neoplasia.

Our controlled trial of screening for colorectal cancer has now been in progress for almost five years. Screening is accomplished by rigid sigmoidoscopy in control and study groups and, in addition, by fecal occult blood testing in the study group. Patients screened are men and women age 40 and older, mostly at average risk. Fecal occult blood testing is with Hemoccult slides with patients on a meat-free, high-bulk diet without hydration, and with a four-day storage interval between slide preparation and testing. Patients with positive slides undergo diagnostic investigation that includes both colonoscopy and double-contrast barium enema and, in some, an upper gastrointestinal series. Preliminary results to date include: patient baseline statistics and subgroup comparability, rate of positive slides of 1–4%, predictive value for neoplasia of 44–50%, false-positives of 0.5–2.1%, favorable Dukes' staging of cancers in the study group, and high patient compliance. Considerably more follow-up is needed in our study and control population, and issues such as mortality and cost need to be addressed. Additional time will be necessary to provide firm conclusions.