cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axial spondyloarthritis criteria and modified NY criteria: issues and controversies.

The Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) developed in 2009 was a major step forward, since the 1984 modified New York (mNY) criteria for classification of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were too insensitive to identify patients with early signs of axial inflammation. In the absence of “diagnostic” criteria for either axSpA or AS, both of these “classification” criteria are routinely used in clinical practice to diagnose patients. However, there is a real danger of “misdiagnosis” if classification criteria are applied erroneously by ticking “yes” or “no” boxes in an undiagnosed patient. This concern was raised and discussed at the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee meeting in June 2013, and the committee warned that if TNF inhibitors are approved to treat axSpA, such misdiagnosis could lead to serious consequences. To gauge the SPARTAN members’ familiarity with these criteria and these issues surrounding them, as well as to investigate how they are using these criteria in daily practice, two questionnaires (one each for mNY and ASAS axSpA criteria) were sent to the “full” members of SPARTAN before the annual meeting. The results showed that more than 60 % of the responders used these criteria most of the time in practice to help them diagnose a patient, and nearly three fourth of responders agreed with the FDA Advisory Committee and would like to see some objective signs before prescribing TNF inhibitors to axSpA patients. A majority of responders looked at the sacroiliac joint x-rays themselves to diagnose sacroiliitis, even though they had difficulty in grading the x-rays. In a live vote at the meeting, 88 % of the members suggested that SPARTAN should engage in either modifying the existing criteria or develop new diagnostic criteria for axial spondyloarthritis.
The ontological priority of representations: The case of mirror neurons and language

This paper reviews empirical data from monkey neurophysiology and human brain imaging regarding mirror neurons and language. These data are interpreted as suggesting that some of our cognitive intuitions about language and representations may be misleading. For centuries, representations have been conceptualized as secondary, both temporally and spatially, to a primary entity. What if representations have ontological priority? Can we even conceive this idea?
Monitoring new forestry

Techniques to monitor growth and mortality of live trees, and longevity of snags were developed and tested on 8 units in the Oregon and Washington Cascades where new forestry (structural retention) cuttings were utilized. Time and costs were quantified. The total area of three aggregated units and five dispersed units was 27.8 ha, with 2407 trees and snags measured on 25.1 ha of sample area. Cost of field work was approximately $4590 (4 person crew at 6 weeks) while costs of data entry, analysis and report writing were approximately $2000 (250 person hours). Monitoring is an important component of adaptive management and is essential if we are to understand the ramifications of new silvicultural systems.
Temperature‐dependent downhill unfolding of ubiquitin. I. Nanosecond‐to‐millisecond resolved nonlinear infrared spectroscopy

Transient thermal unfolding of ubiquitin is investigated using nonlinear infrared spectroscopy after a nanosecond laser temperature jump (T-jump). The abrupt change in the unfolding free energy surface and the ns time resolution allow us to observe a fast response on ns to micros time-scales, which we attribute to downhill unfolding, before a cross-over to ms kinetics. The downhill unfolding by a sub-population of folded proteins is induced through a shift of the barrier toward the native state. By adjusting the T-jump width, the effect of the initial (T(i)) and final (T(f)) temperature on the unfolding dynamics can be separated. From the amplitude of the fast downhill unfolding, the fractional population prepared at the unfolding transition state is obtained. This population increases with both T(i) and with T(f). A two-state kinetic analysis of the ms refolding provides thermodynamic information about the barrier height. By a combination of the fast and slow unfolding and folding parameters, a quasi-two-state kinetic analysis is performed to calculate the time-dependent population changes of the folded state. This calculation coincides with the experimentally obtained population changes at low temperature but deviations are found in the T-jump from 67 to 78 degrees C. Using temperature-dependent barrier height changes, a temperature Phi value analysis is performed. The result shows a decreasing trend of Phi(T) with temperature, which indicates an increase of the heterogeneity of the transition state. We conclude that ubiquitin unfolds along a well-defined pathway at low temperature which expands with increasing temperature to include multiple routes.
Left-right asymmetry in vertebrates.

Abstract All vertebrates develop with a distinct, invariant, left—right (L—R) body asymmetry. Recently, a number of molecules have been shown to be expressed asymmetrically with respect to the L—R axis during early embryogenesis. The temporal expression patterns of these molecules, in combination with embryo manipulation and genetic experiments, indicate that they may represent elements of a conserved pathway governing embryonic handedness.
Data Driven Collection Assessment using a Serial Decision Database

Washington State University (WSU) librarians expanded the concept of a comprehensive serials decision database (SDD) first proposed by Metz and Cosgriff1 in 2000. Information about subscribed and unsubscribed serials was merged onto one spreadsheet from the integrated library system and subscription agent, interlibrary and citation databases, as well as journal use sources. The SDD, used for selection and cancellation projects, evaluation of electronic journal packages, and collection assessment, was recognized as a necessary serials management tool for WSU. There is a need for the commercial development of products that will replace this manual way of organizing information critical to collection development.
D2 and D4 dopamine receptor polymorphisms and personality

The relationship of various dimensions of temperament, measured by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), to polymorphisms of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) and D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) genes was determined in 119 healthy Caucasian boys who had not yet begun to consume alcohol and other drugs of abuse. Total Novelty Seeking score of the TPQ was significantly higher in boys having, in common, all three minor (A1, B1, and Intron 6 1) alleles of the DRD2 compared to boys without any of these alleles. Boys with the DRD4 7 repeat (7R) allele also had a significantly higher Novelty Seeking score than those without this allele. However, the greatest difference in Novelty Seeking score was found when boys having all three minor DRD2 alleles and the DRD4 7R allele were contrasted to those without any of these alleles. Neither the DRD2 nor the DRD4 polymorphisms differentiated total Harm Avoidance score. Whereas subjects having all three minor DRD2 alleles had a significantly higher Reward Dependence 2 (Persistence) score than subjects without any of these alleles, no significant difference in this personality score was found between subjects with and without the DRD4 7R allele. In conclusion, DRD2 and DRD4 polymorphisms individually associate with Novelty Seeking behavior. However, the combined DRD2 and DRD4 polymorphisms contribute more markedly to this behavior than when these two gene polymorphisms are individually considered.
Finite-size effects on linear stability of pure-fluid convection

The linear stability of pure-fluid Rayleigh-Benard convection in a finite cell of arbitrary geometry can be formulated as a self-adjoint eigenvalue problem. This, when coupled with perturbation theory, allows one to deduce how the sidewalls affect its stability. In particular, it is shown that for almost all boundary conditions the difference between the onset Rayleigh number and its infinite-cell limit scales like L^-2 as the cell dimension L tends to infinity, and near the sidewall the temperature and velocity are of order L^-1 compared to their bulk values. The validity of replacing the true thermal boundary condition by a frequently used mathematically simpler homogeneous one is also demonstrated.
Strategic Planning for Interior Design Education: Effective Development in Conditions of Resource Decline

ISSUE: Financial problems facing postsecondary institutions present implications for the future direction of interior design education. GOAL: This report identifies and proposes how interior design programs can prepare to meet the challenges presented in an environment of declining resources. APPLICATION: Strategic planning for conditions of resource decline will place interior design in a better position to secure resources needed to achieve the healthy, valuable, and creative profession envisioned for the future. DESCRIPTION: Literature on retrenchment in postsecondary education and interior design is reviewed to highlight important issues. CONCLUSION: Three positions are suggested: (a) define a core that contributes to the well being of society through advancing scientific and aesthetic knowledge, (b) strengthen communication and participation within and outside the university and discipline, and (c) enhance educational and program linkages between interior design and appropriate related disciplines.
Do incompatible network standards lead to domestic benefits? The case of color television

Abstract This paper examines the strategic use of standardization policy to give domestic firms and technology sellers an advantage, especially when competing for foreign markets. Can the imposition of a standard in the domestic market that is incompatible with the incumbent standard be beneficial to domestic firms or consumers? The development of color television standards in Europe provides the basis for the study. The paper uses simulations and a single game theoretic framework to examine whether the choice of an incompatible color standard in France could be justified as creating a protected market for domestically headquartered firms and allowing them to establish strong competitive positions in foreign markets.
A closed-loop supply chain network design problem with integrated forward and reverse channel decisions

This article considers a multi-product closed-loop logistics network design problem with hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing facilities and finite-capacity hybrid distribution/collection centers to serve a set of retail locations. First, a mixed integer linear program is presented that determines the optimal solution that characterizes facility locations, along with the integrated forward and reverse flows such that the total cost of facility location, processing, and transportation associated with forward and reverse flows in the network is minimized. Second, a solution method based on Benders' decomposition with strengthened Benders' cuts for improved computational efficiencies is devised. In addition to this method, an alternative formulation is presented and a new dual solution method for the associated Benders' decomposition to obtain a different set of strengthened Benders' cuts is developed. In the Benders' decomposition framework, the strengthened cuts obtained from original and alternative formu...
Ada tasking model and Prolog predication

This paper is a comparative analysis of the semantics of the Ada tasking model and the Prolog predication. The features analyzed are communication and synchronization, matching and unification, error handling, procedure dependencies, shared variables, logical inferences and concurrency. Distinctions between the features of tasking and predication reveal complimentary qualities. It is observed that increased effectiveness and efficiency result when the capabilities of these features are combined.
Agonist-induced cyclic ADP ribose production in airway smooth muscle.

Abstract Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) triggers sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release in airway smooth muscle (ASM). SR Ca2+ release is an important component of the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) response of ASM to agonists. Whether cADPR is endogenously produced in ASM during agonist stimulation has not been established. In this study, cADPR production was examined in acutely dissociated porcine ASM cells. ACh stimulation (⩾1 μM) significantly increased cADPR levels, peaking between 30 s and 1 min. This effect was inhibited by M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor antagonists. Histamine (⩾5 μM) increased cADPR levels to a greater extent than ACh, while diphenhydramine blocked histamine-induced cADPR elevation. Both bradykinin (100 nM) and endothelin-1 (100 nM) also increased cADPR levels to a greater extent than ACh or histamine. These results indicate that in porcine ASM, certain agonists acting via receptors increase cADPR levels. Furthermore, the extent of cADPR responses to agonist varies, possibly reflecting differences in G-protein coupling.
Projections of the inferior colliculus in the monkey

Abstract The projections of the inferior colliculus were studied in the rhesus monkey. The major component of these projections ascends in the brachium of the inferior colliculus. The fibers of the inferior brachium originate from the inferior colliculus on both sides and distribute in the midbrain to the parabrachial region of the lateral tegmentum and to the interstitial nucleus of the inferior brachium. Within the medial geniculate nucleus brachium fibers terminate in the rostral part of the principal division and in the magnocellular division. No fibers end in the caudal part of the principal division or in the posterior nucleus. Fibers arising from the inferior colliculus also terminate in the contralateral inferior colliculus, in the periaqueductal gray and in the deep layers of the superior colliculus. Descending projections from the inferior colliculus enter the tectopontine tract and the lateral lemniscus. The tectopontine tract appears to end in the lateral pontine nuclei. Fibers descending in the lateral lemniscus terminate primarily in the medial preolivary nucleus but there are additional endings in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, the lateral preolivary nucleus and the retro-olivary region.