cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluid flow and structural response modeling associated with the mechanics of hydraulic fracturing

A review of hydraulic-fracture modeling is given. Equations governing pertinent fluid-flow, structural, and fracture-mechanics responses are presented. The finite-element method is used to discretize the field equations and to compute the fracture dimensions, fluid leakoff, and stress intensity factors. In addition, the effects of fracture-fluid properties, layered strata, and in-situ stresses are characterized, and numerical examples are presented.
Technical note The performance of push and pull systems: a corrected analysis

SUMMARY In a recent article, Sarker and Fitzsimmons (1989) compare the effects of push and pull tactics in a serial production line with identical stations. As part of their work, they present data on the relationship between the throughput of the line and the coefficient of variation of processing times. We take issue with their distinction between push and pull, and we provide evidence that their numerical estimates are flawed.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Compounds NaLnTiO4 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd)

Single crystals of the NaLnTiO4 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) phases were grown out of reactive sodium hydroxide melts. These layered materials crystallize in space group P4/nmm of the tetragonal system, with unit cell dimensions of a = 3.7998(5) A and c = 13.273(3) A (La), a = 3.7686(5) A and c = 12.940(3) A (Pr), and a = 3.7551(5) A and c = 12.848(3) A (Nd). These compounds possess a layered structure that is a variant of K2NiF4 with ordering of the Na and Ln ions. The compounds NaLnTiO4 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) were grown as single crystals from a reactive sodium hydroxide flux, and the structures were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of NaLnTiO4, as viewed along [010] is shown. with TiO6 octahedra in blue, Ln 3+ cations as green spheres, Na+ cations as orange spheres, and O2− anions as red spheres.
Geology of Hungry Valley Area, South of Gorman: ABSTRACT

During late Tertiary time a thick section of coarse and fine continental clastics accumulated in the northwestern part of the Ridge basin. Deposition was concurrent with movement on the San Gabriel fault which bounded Ridge basin on the southwest. Movement on this fault ceased in early Pleistocene (?) time and the younger sediments overlapped southwestward across the fault and onto a pediment cut into the basement. Later in the Pleistocene the low-angle Frazier Mountain thrust moved relatively southeastward across the veneer of sediments on the pediment and in part onto the thick Ridge basin deposits. Subsequently the thrust, veneer of sediments, and pediment were folded and faulted along an east-northeast and west-southwest trend. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2319------------
Regeneration in medicine: a plastic surgeons "tail" of disease, stem cells, and a possible future.

Regeneration in medicine is a concept that has roots dating back to the earliest known records of medical interventions. Unfortunately, its elusive promise has still yet to become a reality. In the field of plastic surgery, we use the common tools of the surgeon grounded in basic operative principles to achieve the present day equivalent of regenerative medicine. These reconstructive efforts involve a broad range of clinical deformities, both congenital and acquired. Outlined in this review are comments on clinical conditions and the current limitations to reconstruct these clinical entities in the effort to practice regenerative medicine. Cleft lip, microtia, breast reconstruction, and burn reconstruction have been selected as examples to demonstrate the incredible spectrum and diverse challenges that plastic surgeons attempt to reconstruct. However, on a molecular level, these vastly different clinical scenarios can be unified with basic understanding of development, alloplastic integration, wound healing, cell–cell, and cell-matrix interactions. The themes of current and future molecular efforts involve coalescing approaches to recapitulate normal development in clinical scenarios when reconstruction is needed. It will be a better understanding of stem cells, scaffolding, and signaling with extracellular matrix interactions that will make this future possible. Eventually, reconstructive challenge will utilize more than the current instruments of surgical steel but engage complex interventions at the molecular level to sculpt true regeneration. Immense amounts of research are still needed but there is promise in the exploding fields of tissue engineering and stem cell biology that hint at great opportunities to improve the lives of our patients. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 84:322–334, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A model for solvent contributions to polypeptide and protein circular dichroism.

The possibility of bound solvent contributing directly to the circular dichroism of polypeptides and proteins is discussed. The model presented is based on the requirement of a breakdown in the planar symmetry of the amide environment. This symmetry breakdown is described in terms of the conformational states of the chain, and leads to necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for observable solvent contributions. Application of the model leads to the conclusion that, while some chain conformations are intrinsically incapable of roviding the required breakdown in the symmetry of solvent perturbations, other conformations force such a breakdown, notably poly-L-proline II and disordered chains.
Electron microscope studies of reproducing and interkinetic Toxoplasma.

SYNOPSIS. The reproduction of Toxoplasma gondii has been investigated in osmium fixed and sedimented mouse peritoneal exudate. The material was obtained 9 days after intraperitoneal inoculation with the Beverley strain. Predominantly intracellular organisms were seen in various phases of multiplication and indicated the occurrence of three different modes of reproduction. One is a schizogonic cycle, whereby at least four progenies are delineated within a rosette-shaped, multinucleated Toxoplasma cell. They subsequently separate to become individual parasites. The second mode is considered as a special type of schizogony that results in the production of only two merozoites within one parent cell. This process previously has been designated as endodyogeny. Finally, the observations suggest division by binary fission as a third type of reproduction. From these results, it is possible to relate the genus Toxoplasma, previously regarded as a protozoon of uncertain classification, to the class Sporozoa.
The dual effect of stickleback nuptial coloration on rivals: manipulation of a graded signal using video playback

Abstract Reproductive male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , were presented with pairs of videotaped images of another male played back at three different colour intensities: brightly coloured, moderately coloured and dull. Males attacked all three images but the proportion of attacks each received depended on the other image with which it was simultaneously presented. The moderately coloured image received the majority of attacks when presented with the brightly coloured or dull image, whereas the latter two images were attacked equally when presented together. Thus, nuptial coloration increased the capacity of an opponent to elicit attack from males but this increase was not open-ended. A dual-effect explanation for these colour effects suggests that dull males stimulated relatively low levels of aggression and little fear, whereas brightly coloured ones stimulated a high level of aggression but a level of fear sufficient to inhibit full expression of attack. Moderately coloured males received the highest levels of attack presumably because they stimulated high levels of aggression but relatively little fear. This interpretation emphasizes the importance of intensity of nuptial coloration in stimulating aggression and fear in an opponent and the role that these tendencies may play in determining a male's response to rivals.
Antimicrobial effect of combinations of EDTA-Tris and amikacin or neomycin on the microorganisms associated with otitis externa in dogs.

Combinations of EDTA-Tris and two aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin and neomycin) were tested for synergistic activities against the microorganisms associated with otitis externa in dogs and for the solutions' stability over time. Synergistic activity was observed when EDTA-Tris plus amikacin and EDTA-Tris plus neomycin were tested againstStaphylococcus intermedius, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andEscherichia coli, but not againstCandida albicans. Stability studies over a 3-month period indicated that the test solutions were stable at room temperature and that their antimicrobial activity was maintained.
Magnetic Transitions Observed in Sulfide Minerals at Elevated Pressures and Their Geophysical Significance

The magnetic behavior of iron in chalcopyrite (CuFeS(2)) and pyrrhotite (Fe(7)S(8)) in the pressure range from 1 atmosphere to 20 kilobars has been studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy. Both chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite exhibit transitions from magnetically ordered to disordered states over the range from 5 to 16 kilobars. Both transitions, particularly the loss of ferrimagnetism in pyrrhotite, have geophysical consequences.
PENETRATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INTO HUMAN EPIDERMOID CELLS.

The kinetics of infective center formation was studied as a parameter of herpes simplex virus penetration into suspended HEp-2 cells. Similar rates of penetration were obtained when antibody or acid was used to inactivate virus attached to the cell surface, although the acid method was far more efficient and reliable. The data indicate that virus penetration is strictly temperature dependent and is virtually complete by 7 minutes at 37°, but the reaction does not conform to simple first order kinetics.
Comparison of Brueckner and Jastrow methods for nuclear matter

Abstract Brueckner-Goldstone diagrams are calculated (or estimated) in an expansion up to four-hole lines for two interactions to compare with Jastrow variational calculations. The central force OMY potential gives a result close to that obtained in the Fermi hypernetted chain expansion of the Jastrow method. The tensor force Reid soft core potential also gives a result in good agreement with Jastrow variational calculations at the saturation density of nuclear matter (kF ≈ 1.4 fm−1). The calculated saturations differ for the two methods however, giving 18 MeV at kF = 1.6 fm−1 for the Brueckner method while reported Jastrow calculations give a binding of about 22–25 MeV at kF = 1.75 fm−.
Self-compassion, Interpersonal Conflict Resolutions, and Well-being

This study examined the link between self-compassion and the balance of the needs of self and other in conflict situations. College undergraduates (N = 506) were asked to provide an example of a time in which their needs conflicted with those of their mother, father, best friend and romantic partner. Participants were asked how they resolved the conflict (subordinating, self-prioritizing, or compromising). They also reported whether their resolution choice felt authentic, the degree of emotional turmoil experienced when resolving the conflict, and their sense of well-being in each relational context. Across contexts, higher levels of self-compassion were related to greater likelihood to compromise and lesser likelihood to self-subordinate needs, as well as greater authenticity, lower levels of emotional turmoil, and higher levels of relational well-being. With fathers and romantic partners, the link between self-compassion and well-being was mediated by greater likelihood to make compromise decisions.
Experimental prediction for theoretical timing map model

Abstract A quantitative technique for analyzing entrainment of circadian locomotor activity is tested with red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), antelope squirrels (Ammospermophilus leucurus), flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans), hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus). These data verify predictions of the theoretical timing maps and demonstrate that the L/D cycle modulates the free‐running rhythm in a highly adaptive manner.
Singularity analysis at the vertex of polygonal quantum wire inclusions

Abstract Singular behavior near the vertex/corner of polygonal inclusions in anisotropic piezoelectric planes is identified and investigated. Using a recently derived exact closed-form solution, the elastic and electric fields associated with regular polygon-shaped quantum wires are analyzed in detail, revealing the effect of factors such as material orientation, type of eigenstrain, and number of sides of polygons on the singular behavior. Our study shows that by adjusting these factors properly, one could avoid the singular behavior or reduce the level of singularity, which could be of significance in the design and fabrication of the semiconductor devices.
Convective flow analysis on the KC-135 aircraft

A study conducting bouyancy driven convective flow experiments on the NASA KC-135 aircraft is presented. The response of a contained fluid (with an imposed temperature gradient) to changing g-levels during parabolic flight was obtained. Models for both transient and steady state flows were developed utilizing PC-based CFD software. Comparisons between the theoretical models and the physical observations are quite good.
A BIVARIATE GENERALIZATION OF STUDENT'S t-DISTRIBUTION, WITH TABLES FOR CERTAIN SPECIAL CASES

A multivariate generalization of Student's t-distribution is considered. The bivariate case is treated in detail; exact and asymptotic expressions for the probability integral and an asymptotic expression for certain percentage points are obtained. The main results for the bivariate case are given as equations (10), (11), (23) and (30) below; these equations are used to construct tables for certain special cases.
Three-dimensional analysis of composite cylinders under axially varying hygrothermal and mechanical loads

Abstract A method was developed which describes the response of fiber-reinforced composite cylinders to axially varying mechanical and thermal loads. The analysis utilizes a three-dimensional elasticity solution. The equations governing the problem were derived, and, on the basis of these equations, a computer code was written which provides the stress and strain distributions inside the cylinder. To validate the model and the code, results obtained by the code were compared to existing numerical results. In every case good agreement was found between the present and previous results.
CONCORDANCE BETWEEN HARTMANN'S BOUNDARY QUESTIONNAIRE AND THE EYSENCK PERSONALITY INVENTORY

To assess concordance between the Hartmann Boundary Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Inventory, 35 subjects, all musicians, completed both measures. A significant correlation of .50 was fo...
Turboelectric distributed propulsion benefits on the N3-X vehicle

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to present a summary of recent study results on a turboelectric distributed propulsion vehicle concept named N3-X. Design/methodology/approach – The turboelectric distributed propulsion system uses multiple electric motor-driven propulsors that are distributed on an aircraft. The power to drive these electric propulsors is generated by separately located gas turbine-driven electric generators on the airframe. To estimate the benefits associated with this new propulsion concept, a system analysis was performed on a hybrid-wing-body transport configuration to determine fuel burn (or energy usage), community noise and emissions reductions. Findings – N3-X would be able to reduce energy consumption by 70-72 per cent compared to a reference vehicle, a Boeing 777-200LR, flying the same mission. Predictions for landing and take-off NOX are estimated to be 85 per cent less than the Tier 6-CAEP/6 standard. Two variants of the N3-X vehicle were examined for certification noi...
Measurements of the budgets of the subgrid-scale stress and temperature flux in a convective atmospheric surface layer

The dynamics of the subgrid-scale (SGS) stress and scalar flux in the convective atmospheric surface layer are studied through the budgets of the SGS turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), the SGS stress and the SGS temperature flux using field measurements from the Advection Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (AHATS). The array technique, which employs sensor arrays to perform filter operations to obtain the SGS velocity and temperature, is extended to include pressure sensors to measure the fluctuating pressure, enabling separation of the resolvable- and subgrid-scale pressure, and therefore for the first time allowing for measurement of the pressure covariance terms and the full SGS budgets. The non-dimensional forms of the SGS budget terms are obtained as functions of the stability parameter and the ratio of the wavelength of the spectral peak of the vertical velocity to the filter width, . The results show that the SGS TKE budget is a balance among the production, transport and dissipation. The SGS shear stress budget and the SGS temperature flux budgets are dominated by the production and pressure destruction, with the latter causing return to isotropy. The budgets of the SGS normal stress components are more complex. Most notably the pressure–strain-rate correlation includes two competing processes, return to isotropy and generation of anisotropy, the latter due to ground blockage of the large convective eddies. For neutral surface layers, return to isotropy dominates. For unstable surface layers return to isotropy dominates for small filter widths, whereas for large filter widths the ground blockage effect dominates, resulting in strong anisotropy. The results in the present study, particularly for the pressure–strain-rate correlation, have strong implications for modelling the SGS stress and flux using their transport equations in the convective atmospheric boundary layer.
Photophysical Pathology of Quantum Dots and Slinky Cornell Dots

Semiconducting nanocrystal quantum dots coated for biological application all blink or are totally dark. Blink time distributions and dark fractions in solution are reported. Nonblinking Cornell Dots, silica nanoparticles embedding rhodamine molecules show comparable brilliance.
Spatially resolved diffuse reflectance Si probes for tissue characterization over a wide scattering range

An innovative, custom photodiode array with small, densely packed pixels enabled measurements of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance from liquid phantoms with a wide range of scatterer concentrations.
REVISIONS TO "PARABOLIC GENERALIZED MODULAR FORMS AND THEIR CHARACTERS"

The paper "Parabolic Generalized Modular Forms and Their Characters" which previously appeared in this journal, contained several anomalies in Sec. 3, "Structure of ", arising from a mishandling of complex powers of the functions denoted F(τ). Here, we provide corrected proofs of the principle results.
EPR study of radicals derived from unsaturated cyclic ethers

Abstract As an extension of earlier EPR studies of the radicals formed from acyclic olefinic substrates with the use of the TiC1 3 H 2 O 2 radical-generating method, results are presented of an analogous TiC1 3 H 2 O 2 -based investigation carried out over the temperature range 10–40°C with the use of cyclic unsaturated substrates in acidified aqueous solution, namely, Δ 2 -dihydrofuran, Δ 2 -dihydropyran, 2-methylfuran, 2-acetylfuran, and furfurylamine. The EPR spectra of six radicals produced from these cyclic substrates are reported.
Limited venoplasty and anticoagulation affords excellent results after first rib resection and scalenectomy for subacute Paget-Schroetter syndrome.

Objective We have previously demonstrated excellent mid-term patency rates following routine venography after first rib resection and scalenectomy (FRRS) for subacute Paget-Schroetter syndrome. The goal of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of this technique. Methods Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was performed. Patients underwent routine venography 2 weeks post-FRRS. Warfarin was discontinued in those with patent veins. Patients with stenotic or occluded veins underwent attempted venoplasty with balloon diameters approximating the size of the anatomically normal vein. Patients with successful venoplasty or chronically occluded veins unable to be dilated were continued on warfarin up to 6 months. Follow-up duplex ultrasound dictated cessation of anticoagulation. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency. Results A total of 159 patients underwent FRRS and postoperative venography with a median follow-up of 13.8 months. One patient was lost to follow-up. The median time to FRRS after the initial onset of symptoms was 4.1 months. At the time of venography, there were 42 patent, 72 stenotic, and 44 occluded veins. Of the 44 occlusions, 25 underwent venoplasty, and 19 could not be crossed. In the entire group, restenosis occurred in seven patients and reocclusion in seven. At last follow-up, six patients remained occluded. Eighteen-month primary patency of venoplasty was 95.4% ± 2.6% in the stenotic group and 75.6% ± 8.7% in the occluded group. Eighteen-month primary-assisted patency of venoplasty was 98.3% ± 1.7% in the stenotic group and 96.0% ± 3.9% in the occluded group. Overall secondary patency at 3 years was 100% in the patent group, 98.4% ± 1.6% in the stenotic group, and 92.9% ± 3.9% in the occluded group. Conclusions Long-term venous patency rates after limited venoplasty and anticoagulation following FRRS are excellent. Furthermore, prolonged anticoagulation for occlusions that could not be crossed or in those who reocclude after venoplasty results in recanalization and delayed patency. These results argue against the need for stenting or open venous reconstruction and serve as a benchmark for the care of patients with subacute Paget-Schroetter syndrome.
A possible mechanism for insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in NZO mice

THE New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse is characterised by obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and mild glucose intolerance1–8. It has been thought of as a model of the adult-type human diabetes mellitus, but neither the genetics of the NZO syndrome nor its basic cause have been elucidated. The metabolic disturbances found in these mice, for example increased rates of lipogenesis9–12 and defects in insulin secretion8,13,14, could well be secondary to chronic hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia. Because the NZO strain appeared to share a common ancestry with the NZB model of systemic autoimmune disease1,2,15 we felt that the metabolic syndrome in the NZO mouse might have an immune basis. It was originally suggested that the insulin resistance of NZO mice might be due to an antagonist to the action of insulin2. We now report that NZO serum contains a globulin, probably an autoantibody, which inhibits insulin binding and indirectly immunoprecipitates the solubilised insulin receptor.
Lifestyle Modification as the Primary Treatment of NASH

This article reviews the rationale and data behind recommending lifestyle changes to prevent and reverse NASH, focusing specifically on changes that lead to increased physical activity in sedentary patients, changes in dietary habits, and decreased calorie consumption to achieve gradual and sustained weight loss in those who are overweight or obese. In a culture that values avoiding even minimal exertion these are not easy changes to make. Ultimately, the success of care providers in helping patients to recognize and overcome these barriers depends on a patient's motivation, but clinicians can be more persuasive and able to bolster this motivation when armed with a conviction based on data that establish this to be the best course of action for patients with NASH.
6-isobutyrylaminopurine: A convenient building block for the synthesis of carbocyclic adenosine analogs

Abstract Readily available 6-isobutyrylaminopurine can replace either a primary or secondary OH group under Mitsunobu conditions and provide an efficient synthesis of carbocyclic analogs of adenosine. X-ray data indicates that only the desired N9 - substituted derivatives of adenine are formed.
Effect of recall period on the reporting of occupational injuries among older workers in the Health and Retirement Study

Studies of injury morbidity often rely on self-reported survey data. In designing these surveys, researchers must chose between a shorter recall period to minimize recall bias and a longer period to maximize the precision of rate estimates. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, which employed a recall period of 1 year, we examined the effect of the recall period on rates of occupational injuries among older workers as well as upon rate ratios of these injuries for nine risk factors. We fit a stochastic model to the occupational injury rates as a function of time before the interview and used this model to estimate what the injury rates would have been had we used a 4-week recall period. The adjusted occupational injury rate of 5.9 injuries per 100 workers per year was 36% higher than the rate based on a 1-year recall period. Adjustment for recall period had much less effect on rate ratios, which typically varied by < 10%. Our work suggests that self-reported surveys with longer recall periods may be used to estimate occupational injury rates and also may be useful in studying the associations between occupational injuries and a variety of risk factors.
Administration of glutamate into the spinal cord at extracellular concentrations reached post-injury causes functional impairments

In vivo experiments addressing the role of released glutamate in damage caused by neurotrauma seldom administer glutamate itself because it usually produces relatively little damage when administered into central nervous system (CNS) tissue in vivo. However, because of recent observations that glutamate administered into the spinal cord at the levels attained following spinal cord injury (SCI) kills neurons and oligodendrocytes, we tested the effects of administering glutamate at those concentrations on locomotor function. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) test and activity box measures demonstrated that those glutamate concentrations produce lasting functional impairments. Several parameters provided by the activity box provided sensitive measures of the degree of post-SCI impairment, demonstrating their substantial potential for evaluating outcomes of SCI. Results obtained also enhance evidence that glutamate toxicity contributes to secondary damage following SCI and suggest that damage to white matter is an important contributor to such damage.
Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to Human Face Classification

Convolutional neural network models have covered a broad scope of computer vision applications, achieving competitive performance with minimal domain knowledge. In this work, we apply such a model to a task designed to deter automated systems. We trained a convolutional neural network to distinguish between images of human faces from computer generated avatars as part of the ICMLA 2012 Face Recognition Challenge. The network achieved a classification accuracy of 99\% on the \textit{Avatar CAPTCHA} dataset. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential of utilizing support vector machines on the same problem and achieved equally competitive performance.
Characterization of the Mouse Cyp1B1 Gene IDENTIFICATION OF AN ENHANCER REGION THAT DIRECTS ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR-MEDIATED CONSTITUTIVE AND INDUCED EXPRESSION

Transcriptional activation of the Cyp1B1 gene in rodents is stimulated by both polycyclic hydrocarbons and cAMP. The mouse Cyp1B1 gene structure contains three exons, of which the second nucleotide of exon 2 is the translation start site. Primer extension analysis identified a transcription start domain defining an exon 1 of 371 base pairs. The sequence 1.075 kilobases upstream of the transcription start site showed 11 xenobiotic-responsive elements (XRE) (TnGCGTG or GCGTG) that are putative aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-binding sites and three steroidogenic factor-1 motifs that are associated with cAMP-mediated transcriptional activation of genes. A transiently transfected Cyp1B1-luciferase construct, composed of exon 1 and 1.075 kilobases of 5'-flanking region, was induced by 2,3, 7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 10.0 +/- 3.0-fold, n = 6) in C3H10T1/2 cells, which exclusively express Cyp1B1. The 90-base pair basal promoter contains two SP-1 sites, one SF-1 site, and a TATA-like box. TCDD induction and basal expression were dependent on positive regulatory elements present between -1075 and -810. Five XRE motifs localized in the enhancer region were completely conserved between mouse and human CYP1B1 sequences. Similar inductions were seen in Hepa-1 cells, which express Cyp1A1 but not Cyp1B1. However, basal Cyp1B1 promoter activities were 4-10-fold higher in C3H10T1/2 cells providing the enhancer region was present, partially reproducing the in vivo cell-specific expression of Cyp1B1. Gel shift experiments established that TCDD stimulates AhR binding to the downstream XRE in the enhancer region. However, oligonucleotides that encompass two other XREs show a high affinity complex of similar size that is evident even without TCDD treatment and that does not contain either the AhR or AhR nuclear translocator. The fourth XRE is immediately adjacent to an E-box, and this oligonucleotide formed a smaller complex that was dependent on this E-box sequence. Negative regulatory sequences have been located between the promoter and TCDD-responsive enhancer regions. Constitutive expression of the Cyp1B1 gene was lost in AhR-deficient cells and was restored by transfected AhR cDNA. Reporter constructs function in a parallel manner, demonstrating the key role of the AhR in constitutive as well as TCDD-induced expression of Cyp1B1 in mouse embryo fibroblasts.
Small G proteins are expressed ubiquitously in lymphoid cells and do not correspond to Bcl-2.

THE bcl-2 gene is consistently associated with t(14; 18) chromosomal translocations1–6 observed in a large fraction of human B-cell lymphomas7–8. The t(14; 18) translocation results in deregulated expression of the bcl-2 gene5 and synthesis of inappropriately high levels of the Bcl-2 protein9,10. Gene transfer studies suggest a role for Bcl-2 in cell survival11,12, growth enhancement13,14 and oncogenic transformation11,15. To test the suggestion that GTP-binding by Bcl-2 may mediate its biological effects16 we characterized the GTP-binding proteins in lymphoid cells expressing Bcl-2. Expression of several small GTP-binding proteins was found to be ubiquitous and did not vary with levels of Bcl-2. By using immunological, electrophoretic and cell-fractionation techniques, we separated Bcl-2 from G proteins of small relative molecular mass (Mr) and showed that it is incapable of binding GTP. Our results show that small Mr G proteins are widely expressed in lymphoid cells and that Bcl-2 is not a novel member of this GTP-binding protein family.
Neuromuscular Disorders and Acute Respiratory Failure: Diagnosis and Management

Respiratory failure could result from a cardiopulmonary or a primary neurological disease. The latter could happen as a result of involvement of the central nervous system or a neuromuscular disease. Different neuromuscular diseases could result in respiratory failure by causing significant weakness of the respiratory and upper airways muscles. When confronted with a patient who presents with respiratory failure, the first task of the clinician is to secure the airways and stabilize the hemodynamic condition. The next step is the diagnostic approach and potentially a disease specific treatment, which is the focus of this review.
Applying generalized linear models

Generalized Linear Modelling.- Discrete Data.- Fitting and Comparing Probability Distributions.- Growth Curves.- Time Series.- Survival Data.- Event Histories.- Spatial Data.- Normal Models.- Dynamic Models.
Ex post analysis of economic impacts from wind power development in U.S. counties

Wind power development has surged in recent years in the United States. Policymakers and economic development practitioners to date have typically relied upon project-level case studies or modeled input–output estimates to assess the economic development impacts from wind power, often focusing on potential local, state-wide, or national employment or earnings impacts. Building on this literature, we conduct an ex post econometric analysis of the county-level economic development impacts of wind power installations from 2000 through 2008 in a large, wind-rich region in the country. Taking into account factors influencing wind turbine location, we find an aggregate increase in county-level personal income and employment of approximately $11,000 and 0.5 jobs per megawatt of wind power capacity installed over the sample period of 2000 to 2008. These estimates appear broadly consistent with modeled input–output results, and translate to a median increase in total county personal income and employment of 0.2% and 0.4% for counties with installed wind power over the same period.
Business Benefits or Incentive Maximization? Impacts of the Medicare EHR Incentive Program at Acute Care Hospitals

This study investigates the influence of the Medicare EHR Incentive Program on EHR adoption at acute care hospitals and the impact of EHR adoption on operational and financial efficiency/effectiveness. It finds that even before joining the incentive program, adopter hospitals had more efficient and effective Medicare operations than those of non-adopters. Adopters were also financially more efficient. After joining the program, adopter hospitals treated significantly more Medicare patients by shortening their stay durations, relative to their own non-Medicare patients and also to patients at non-adopter hospitals, even as their overall capacity utilization remained relatively unchanged. The study concludes that many of these hospitals had implemented EHR even before the initiation of the incentive program. It further infers that they joined this program with opportunistic intentions of tapping into incentive payouts which they maximized by taking on more Medicare patients. These findings give credence to critics of the program who have questioned its utility and alleged that it serves only to reward existing users of EHR technologies.
Energy Pooling Upconversion in Organic Molecular Systems

A combination of molecular quantum electrodynamics, perturbation theory, and ab initio calculations was used to create a computational methodology capable of estimating the rate of three-body singlet upconversion in organic molecular assemblies. The approach was applied to quantify the conditions under which such relaxation rates, known as energy pooling, become meaningful for two test systems, stilbene–fluorescein and hexabenzocoronene–oligothiophene. Both exhibit low intramolecular conversion, but intermolecular configurations exist in which pooling efficiency is at least 90% when placed in competition with more conventional relaxation pathways. For stilbene–fluorescein, the results are consistent with data generated in an earlier experimental investigation. Exercising these model systems facilitated the development of a set of design rules for the optimization of energy pooling.
Effects of Intraparticle Heat and Mass Transfer on Biomass Devolatilization: Experimental Results and Model Predictions

This paper examines the effects of intraparticle heat and mass transfer on the devolatilization of millimeter-sized biomass particles under conditions similar to those found in commercial coal-fire...
Viewpoint: "underutilisation of novel antiplatelet agents--myths, generics, and economics".

Two oral antiplatelet agents have been recently introduced for acute coronary syndromes indication providing alternatives for dual therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. In fact, worldwide prasugrel has been on the market for four years, and ticagrelor for over two years. Despite declared benefits over clopidogrel, including hypothetical cost saving advantages, in real life, the clinical utilisation of both agents is small. Generic clopidogrel, and price differences are claimed as major obstacles to prevent broader prasugrel and ticagrelor use. However, these economic difficulties are barely supported by available evidence, and served mostly to protect questionable management spending, as an exuse to explain why in reality cardiologists are so sceptical about both novel agents, and to convince the sharehoders that their money is not wasted, misleading the owners with regard to future success. Importantly, brand Plavix® is used worldwide 5–10 times more often than new agents, despite heavy generic competition. The future of prasugrel outside Japan, where much lower reasonable dose will be used is not impressive due to lack of further outcome studies, negative results of the latest trials, and less than four years left before patent expiration. The fate of ticagrelor will depend on verification of deaths numbers in the ongoing United States Department of Justice PLATO investigation, and confirmation of the mortality benefit in the PEGASUS TIMI-54 trial.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreases human prostate cancer cell adhesion and migration

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the active hormonal metabolite of vitamin D, acts through a specific nuclear receptor to inhibit proliferation and promote differentiation of several tumor cell types including the LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines as well as primary prostate tumor lines. 1,25(OH)2D3 can also decrease invasion of breast and prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. We confirm this latter finding in the DU145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, and further show that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits overall invasion, cell adhesion and migration to the basement membrane matrix protein laminin. These changes appear to be due in part to a 1,25(OH)2D3-induced decrease in expression of alpha6 and beta4 integrins, both of which are receptors for laminin and associated with increased migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Blocking function of these particular integrins with antibodies inhibits both adhesion and migration of the cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3, in addition to decreasing proliferation of tumor cells, can also inhibit prostate cancer cell invasion through modulation of select cell surface adhesion molecules.
Patch-size effects on early succession in southern Appalachian forests.

Four sizes of forest opening (0.016, 0.08, 0.4, 0.4, and 2.0 ha; two replicates each) were established in a Southern Appalachian forest to examine the effects of disturbance size on earl successional community structure and function. Solar radiation, soil temperature, and air temperature were all higher in large openings than small openings and increased from edge to center of disturbance patches. Aboveground net primary productivity (NPP) was 3—4 times as highe in larger (2.0 ha) as small (0.016 ha) openings, presumably in response to greater light availability in large patches. Stump and root sprouts of tree species accounted for the largest fraction of NPP in all patch sizes. Herbs, vines, shrubs, advance regeneration trees, and tree seedlings had progressively smaller NPP, respectively. Vegetation biomass reached 0.7—2.6% of undistributed forest levels and aboveground NPP reached 17—58% of forest levels by the 2nd yr after cutting. Plant species richness was generally higher in large than small patche...
Generalized Discrete Radon Transforms and Their Use in the Ridgelet Transform

We introduce and study a new class of Radon transforms in a discrete setting for the purpose of applying them to the ridgelet and curvelet transforms. We give a detailed analysis of the p-adic case and provide a closed-form formula for an inverse of the p-adic Radon transform. We give conditions for a scaled version of the generalized discrete Radon transform to yield a tight frame, and discuss a direct Radon matrix method for the implementation of a local ridgelet transform. We then study the effectiveness of some types of the generalized Radon transforms in reducing a type of noise known as speckle that is present in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery.
Ferrochelatase forms an oligomeric complex with mitoferrin-1 and Abcb10 for erythroid heme biosynthesis

In erythroid cells, ferrous iron is imported into the mitochondrion by mitoferrin-1 (Mfrn1). Previously, we showed that Mfrn1 interacts with Abcb10 to enhance mitochondrial iron importation. Herein we have derived stable Friend mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cell clones expressing either Mfrn1-FLAG or Abcb10-FLAG and by affinity purification and mass spectrometry have identified ferrochelatase (Fech) as an interacting protein for both Mfrn1 and Abcb10. Fech is the terminal heme synthesis enzyme to catalyze the insertion of the imported iron into protoporphyrin IX to produce heme. The Mfrn1-Fech and Abcb10-Fech interactions were confirmed by immunoprecipitation/Western blot analysis with endogenous proteins in MEL cells and heterologous proteins expressed in HEK293 cells. Moreover, Fech protein is induced in parallel with Mfrn1 and Abcb10 during MEL cell erythroid differentiation. Our findings imply that Fech forms an oligomeric complex with Mfrn1 and Abcb10 to synergistically integrate mitochondrial iron importation and use for heme biosynthesis.
Tetracyclines in urology: Current concepts

Tetracyclines have an unusually broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. They are generally well tolerated, with relatively few side effects compared with alternative antibiotic choices. Tetracyclines also compare favorably with newer antimicrobials, i.e., oral quinolones, with respect to cost and microbial resistance. Doxycycline's and minocycline's spectrum of antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic profile, and safety profile make them preferred drugs when tetracyclines are indicated in urologic infections.
Human cytochrome P450s: selectivity and measurement in vivo.

(1998). Human cytochrome P450s: selectivity and measurement in vivo. Xenobiotica: Vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 1095-1128.
Absorption and emission spectroscopic investigation of the phyto-extraction of europium(III) nitrate from aqueous solutions by alfalfa biomass

Abstract Europium(III) is a common product found in nuclear wastes. Recent investigations into the use of europium compounds as cancer therapy treatments have proven promising. In this study, europium(III) nitrate binding studies were performed using unmodified and esterified alfalfa biomass. Batch experiments included pH profile studies and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) inspection to determine the functional groups responsible for the binding of europium(III) nitrate on alfalfa. Results from the pH profile study showed that approximately 80% of the europium(III) nitrate bound to the native alfalfa biomass while the esterified biomass showed approximately 40% binding at pH 5. XAS consists of two complementary components: X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The XAS experiments were performed using the europium LIII edge which had an energy of 6.977 KeV. The XANES spectra showed that there were some changes in the characteristics of the europium(III) nitrate when bound to the modified and unmodified alfalfa biomass. No change in the europium(III) oxidation state was observed after europium(III) binding to the alfalfa biomass. EXAFS spectra showed that europium(III) nitrate binds to the alfalfa biomass via a nitrogen or oxygen ligand with bond lengths ranging from 2.44 to 2.49 A. However, chemical esterification experiments show that oxygen may be the primary ligand for coordination. The coordination numbers for all samples and compounds tested were approximately 9.
Field Evaluation of Female-Targeted Trapping Systems for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Seven Countries

Field trials were conducted in Greece, Honduras, Mauritius, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey to compare captures of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), among several types of traps baited with female-targeted attractants. Most of the field trials were conducted in Citrus orchards, although tests were also conducted in other C. capitata hosts. C. capitata population levels, as indicated by average (standard deviation) number of males captured in male-targeted trimedlure-baited Jackson traps, varied from 0.2 (0.10) to 54.4 (17.49) flies per trap per day. Female-targeted trapping systems included: food-based synthetic lures of ammonium acetate and putrescine alone (2 component attractant) and in combination with trimethylamine (3 component attractant) tested in either wet traps (with water) or dry traps (with pesticide or sticky insert); Frutect traps baited with proprietary liquid protein bait; and McPhail-type traps baited with an aqueous solution of NuLure and borax, which is the standard female-targeted trapping system for C. capitata. Traps baited with the 3 component attractant captured equal or greater numbers of females than the McPhail-type traps baited with NuLure/borax solution and Frutect traps in 10 of the 11 tests conducted. In 3 of the trials with the lowest C. capitata population levels, traps baited with the 3 component attractant captured more flies than the trimedlure-baited Jackson traps. Females accounted for 43–90% of the total capture in the female-targeted trapping systems.
C-Reactive Protein Accelerates the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Background— Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration is a strong predictor of atherosclerosis. However, to date, there is no in vivo evidence that CRP is proatherogenic. Methods and Results— We studied the effect of human CRP transgene (tg) expression, under basal and turpentine-stimulated conditions, on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (apo) E−/− mice. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions in 29-week-old male mice were 48% larger (P<0.02) in turpentine-treated mice and 34% larger (P<0.05) in untreated CRPtg+/0/apoE−/− mice. Turpentine treatment per se did not affect the extent of atherosclerosis in CRP transgenic or nontransgenic apoE−/− mice. Transgenic mice exhibited lower plasma complement C3 but increased deposition of CRP and C3 in the lesions, which suggests that CRP stimulated activation of complement within the lesion. There was more intense and widespread vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and collagen staining in the lesions of CRPtg+/0/apoE−/− mice than in CRPtg0/0/apoE−/− littermates. Lesions o...
Decanting the data: The Gold Book presents equipment reliability refreshment

Since the last publication of the Gold Book, a team of engineers and statisticians has been pouring over a mountain of data through a public-private partnership. This effort has compressed equipment reliability data from 223 sites — hospitals, utility plants, universities, and the like. This paper discusses the major results of the effort, the quantity of data extracted, and the process of incorporation into the existing IEEE database.