cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What's Behind That Smile: Using Analogies, Facial Expressions, and Special Senses to Demonstrate the Interactions Between Body Systems in Anatomy and Physiology Lab Classes

Human anatomy and physiology classes for pre-nursing students at Gordon State College are taught using the body systems approach, focusing on one organ system in each learning unit. The body systems approach does not always generate a deeper understanding of the interdependence of organ systems. To address this issue we developed an analogy-based lab activity consisting of four modules (Module 1, cranial bone markings; Module 2, cranial nerves; Module 3, facial and neck muscles; and Module 4, inter-relationships that produce common activities, such as smiling, frowning, chewing, olfaction, vision, eyeball movements, gustation, etc.). Unlike traditional lab exercises that follow the body systems approach, this set of lab activities can emphasize the specific interactions between body systems for common body functions, such as smiling. This linking method utilizes a number of the hands-on lab activities featuring text, diagrams, and models. Assessment of these activities demonstrates that students can effectively learn the relationships between different organ systems by using a series of lab activities that emphasize creativity and fun.
Digital Storytelling as an Intervention for Bereaved Family Members.

Fourteen (N = 14) bereaved family members participated in an exploratory study of Digital Storytelling as a bereavement intervention. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the feasibilit...
Gene-environment interactions in Alzheimer's disease: A potential path to precision medicine

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the United States and afflicts >5.7 million Americans in 2018. Therapeutic options remain extremely limited to those that are symptom targeting, while no drugs have been approved for the modification or reversal of the disease itself. Risk factors for AD including aging, the female sex, as well as carrying an APOE4 genotype. These risk factors have been extensively examined in the literature, while less attention has been paid to modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle, and environmental risk factors such as exposures to air pollution and pesticides. This review highlights the most recent data on risk factors in AD and identifies gene by environment interactions that have been investigated. It also provides a suggested framework for a personalized therapeutic approach to AD, by combining genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. Understanding modifiable risk factors and their interaction with non-modifiable factors (age, susceptibility alleles, and sex) is paramount for designing personalized therapeutic interventions.
Nitrous oxide and methane production from denitrifying woodchip bioreactors at three hydraulic residence times.

Denitrifying bioreactors remove nitrate (NO3-) from agricultural drainage and are slated to be an integral part of nitrogen reduction strategies in the Mississippi River Basin. However, incomplete denitrification can result in nitrous oxide (N2O) production and anaerobic conditions within bioreactors may be conducive to methane (CH4) production via methanogenesis. Greenhouse gas production has the potential to trade excess NO3- in surface water with excess greenhouses gases in the atmosphere. Our study examined N2O and CH4 production from pilot scale (6.38 m3) bioreactors across three hydraulic residence times (HRTs), 2, 8, and 16 h. Production was measured from both the surface of the bioreactors and dissolved in the bioreactor effluent. Nitrous oxide and CH4 was produced across all HRTs, with the majority dissolved in the effluent. Nitrous oxide production was significantly greater (P < 0.05) from 2 h HRTs (478.43 mg N2O m-3 day-1) than from 8 (29.95 mg N2O m-3 day-1) and 16 (36.61 mg N2O m-3 day-1) hour HRTs. Methane production was significantly less (P < 0.05) from 2 h HRTs (0.51 g C m3 day-1) compared to 8 (1.50 g C m3 day-1) and 16 (1.69 g C m3 day-1) hour HRTs. The 2 h HRTs had significantly greater (P = 0.05) impacts to climate change compared to 8 and 16 h HRTs. Results from this study suggest managing HRTs between 6 and 8 h in field bioreactors could minimize total greenhouse gas production and maximize NO3- removal.
Nicotine-induced place conditioning and locomotor activity in an adolescent animal model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for tobacco use and dependence. This study examines the responsiveness to nicotine of an adolescent model of ADHD, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure was used to assess nicotine-induced locomotion and conditioned reward in SHR and the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) control strain over a range of nicotine doses (0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg). Prior to conditioning, SHRs were more active and less biased toward one side of the CPP chamber than WKY rats. Following conditioning, SHRs developed CPP to the highest dose of nicotine (0.6 mg/kg), whereas WKYs did not develop CPP to any nicotine dose tested. During conditioning, SHRs displayed greater locomotor activity in the nicotine-paired compartment than in the saline-paired compartment across conditioning trials. SHRs that received nicotine (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 mg/kg) in the nicotine-paired compartment showed an increase in locomotor activity between conditioning trials. Nicotine did not significantly affect WKY locomotor activity. These findings suggest that the SHR strain is a suitable model for studying ADHD-related nicotine use and dependence, but highlights potential limitations of the WKY control strain and the CPP procedure for modeling ADHD-related nicotine reward.
Toegye: His Life, Learning and Times

Toegye Yi Hwang (1501–1570) is the most renowned Neo-Confucian thinker of Korea’s Joseon dynasty. The first three sections of this chapter describe his early life, the violent “literati purges” that preceded and extended tragically into his early career, and his career in office, from which he sought retirement only to be recalled repeatedly. The fourth section looks into the primary sources, the books from which he became steeped in the learning of the Cheng-Zhu school of Neo-Confucian thought. His own major written works are briefly described. The fifth section is devoted to the most famous controversy in the history of Korean Neo-Confucian thought, the Four-Seven Debate, which originated between Toegye and a younger scholar, Gobong (Gi Daeseong). This is followed by a section of description and analysis of the work that is considered his masterwork, the Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning. A brief conclusion sums up his contribution and imprint on Korean Neo-Confucian thought.
MicroRNAs act as decoy molecules to restore granulocytic maturation of differentiation-arrested BCR/ABL+ myeloid progenitors

1494 Altered microRNA (miR) expression contributes to aberrant post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in different type of cancers; however, their role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) from chronic phase (CP) to blast crisis (BC) is still largely unknown. Microarray analysis revealed that a discrete number of miRs are significantly upregulated (6.7% of the total 505 miRs present on the chip; 34 miRs) or downregulated (2.8%; 14 miRs) in an imatinib-sensitive manner in CML-BCCD34+ compared to CML-CPCD34+ progenitors and in BCR/ABL+ hematopoietic cell lines compared to untransformed cells. Among them, we investigated miR-223, miR-15a/16-1 and miR-328, a microRNA with no currently known function, because of their importance in myelopoiesis, potential role as tumor suppressors and sequence homology with the 5’ UTR of CEBPA mRNA, respectively. In BCR/ABL cell lines and primary CD34+ patient-derived myeloid cells, Northern blot and/or TaqMan RT-PCR analyses revealed that miR-223, miR-328, miR-15a/16-1 expression was markedly suppressed (50-75% inhibition) in a imatinib-sensitive manner by BCR/ABL kinase activity. Interestingly, sequence analysis of miR-223 and miR-328 revealed homology with the hnRNP E2-binding site contained in the CEBPA uORF/spacer mRNA. Accordingly, REMSA and UV-crosslinking showed that miR-223 and to a greater extent miR-328 bind recombinant and endogenous hnRNP E2 protein and compete for its binding to the CEBPA uORF/spacer region, which is required for hnRNP E2-mediated translational inhibition of CEBPA in CML-BCCD34+ progenitors, suggesting that miR-223 and miR-328 may act as decoy molecules that interfere with hnRNP E2 translation-inhibitory activity. Indeed, ectopic miR-223 expression restored G-CSF-driven C/EBPα-dependent granulocytic maturation of differentiation-arrested 32D-BCR/ABL cells, whereas it did not have any effect on cytokine-independent growth and clonogenic potential. Consistent with its ability to bind hnRNP E2, miR-328 also rescued C/EBPα expression and differentiation of cytokine-independent 32D-BCR/ABL myeloid precursors and primary CD34+ CML-BC progenitors. By contrast, BCR/ABL-dependent colony formation was markedly reduced by miR-15a/16-1 overexpression (65-75% inhibition, P
Theory of a practice: A foundation for Blumenberg’s metaphorology in Ricoeur’s theory of metaphor:

Hans Blumenberg is celebrated for demonstrating that metaphors have had a more foundational influence than concepts on European intellectual history. Many acknowledge that his insights might have a...
Supermarket Use and Exclusive Clauses, Part Five — The Supermarket Businessmodel Is Completed as the Supers Adapt to World War II Conditions

World War II erupted on September 1, 1939, to the dismay of millions of innocent people already staggering from the effects of the Great Depression and haunted by the ghastly memories of World War I, a war that had ended only twenty-one years earlier. Who can reflect on the Second World War without confronting the ghosts of millions of innocent people who perished in its fury? This blemish on humanity was characterized by genocide and mass murder and grounded in sadism and depravity. Innocent people starved, got sick, were injured, lost limbs, lost minds, suffered in countless other ways, and died. Nazi Germany murdered most of Europe’s Jews. Approximately 20 million Russians and 10 million Chinese died in the War. Families were broken, bodies were broken, and minds were broken. Books were burned, houses were burned, and people were burned.Although the U.S.A. was virtually isolated from the mayhem, American consumers were forced to endure distressing shortages of food, fuel, and raw materials. The supply of canned food was severely constricted not only by limits imposed on food allocated to civilian consumers but to shortages of tin. Before the War, most of the tin used for the cans in which canned food was stored was imported from what was then known as the Dutch East Indies. That source of tin was inaccessible for the duration of the war because the Japanese occupied the Dutch East Indies. Canned food was far more important than it was today. It was the dominant food preservation method in America and virtually the only alternative to fresh food. Frozen food, almost entirely absent from grocery stores and supermarkets before the War, gained a toehold. Canned food shortages also spurred the growth of dehydrated food. The shortages also spurred the expansion of supermarket drug and cosmetics departments, the growth of household product offerings, and more.
Chapter 56 – Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Publisher Summary Several advances in nerve cell culture, development of new biomaterials, and genetic techniques have led to the introduction to innovative techniques for nerve regeneration. Analytically, natural or artificial grafts used to bridge nerve gaps have four central components germane to regeneration: scaffold/substrate, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, and cells. A graft might have a combination or all of the four components. The grafts are classified as isotropic or anisotropic on the basis of distribution of these four components within the graft. In isotropic grafts, the components are distributed uniformly within the graft, with no directional cues. In anisotropic grafts one or more of these components are distributed anisotropically, usually along the direction of regeneration, to direct the axonal growth towards the distal target. Isotropic natural materials used as scaffolds include veins, skeletal muscle fibers, and collagen, and synthetic scaffolds are advantageous because they can be tailored in terms of their mechanical, chemical, and structural properties to augment nerve regeneration. Several anisotropic scaffolds are fabricated to affect neuronal behavior. Neuronal-growth supporting cells could be incorporated with longitudinally aligned filaments and gels in nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) to enhance nerve regeneration. Biodegradable conduits of a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids (PLGA) with longitudinally aligned channels are used for nerve regeneration. The channels, with the lumen coated with laminin, and seeded with Schwann cells, show regeneration comparable to nerve autografts over a 7-mm nerve gap in rats.
Automated Strong Mutation Testing of XACML Policies

While the existing methods for testing XACML policies have varying levels of effectiveness, none of them can reveal the majority of policy faults. The undisclosed faults may lead to unauthorized access and denial of service. This paper presents an approach to strong mutation testing of XACML policies that automatically generates tests from the mutants of a given policy. Such mutants represent the targeted faults that may appear in the policy. In this approach, we first compose the strong mutation constraints that capture the semantic difference between each mutant and its original policy. Then, we use a constraint solver to derive an access request (i.e., test). The test suite generated from all the mutants of a policy can achieve a perfect mutation score, thus uncover all hypothesized faults or demonstrate their absence. Based on the mutation-based approach, this paper further explores optimal test suite that achieves a perfect mutation score without duplicate tests. To evaluate the proposed approach, our experiments have included all the subject policies in the relevant literature and used a number of new policies. The results demonstrate that: (1) it is scalable to generate a mutation-based test suite to achieve a perfect mutation score, (2) it can be impractical to generate the optimal test suite due to the expensive removal of duplicate tests, (3) different from the results of the existing study, the modified-condition/decision coverage-based method, currently the most effective one, has low mutation scores for several policies.
Umberto Saba and the Verdian Sound of Italy

This chapter turns to Umberto Saba and his admiration of Giuseppe Verdi, for many the very symbol of Italian opera. Incited by a desire to define his own cultural identity, Saba saw Verdi as a mythical figure of Italy and a model of intellectual integrity. Verdi shaped in particular Saba’s views on nationalism and cultural belonging—in Saba’s view, Verdi and his opera embodied an uncompromised ideal of Italian identity. Operatic images, allusions, and open quotations from Verdi’s librettos punctuate Saba’s poems: an analysis of these references allows readers to trace the contours not simply of Saba’s passion for Verdi, but of his deeper notion of “Italianness.”
A Two-Moment Inequality with Applications to Rényi Entropy and Mutual Information.

This paper explores some applications of a two-moment inequality for the integral of the rth power of a function, where 0<r<1. The first contribution is an upper bound on the Renyi entropy of a random vector in terms of the two different moments. When one of the moments is the zeroth moment, these bounds recover previous results based on maximum entropy distributions under a single moment constraint. More generally, evaluation of the bound with two carefully chosen nonzero moments can lead to significant improvements with a modest increase in complexity. The second contribution is a method for upper bounding mutual information in terms of certain integrals with respect to the variance of the conditional density. The bounds have a number of useful properties arising from the connection with variance decompositions.
Maintaining Hope in Transition: Critical to the Work of All Nurses

Across the globe, we face increasing challenges because of changing demographics and the rising burden of chronic conditions. Many of these chronic conditions are not just burdensome but also life-limiting and challenge individuals’ goals and expectations. Heart failure is an exemplar of one of these conditions requiring a range of nursing interventions from prevention to palliation. Individuals experiencing a diagnosis of heart failure undergo not only the transition from health to illness but also changes in the way they live their life and expectations for their future. The term hope refers to an aspiration for a certain constellation of experiences and events to happen. Although in general hope means a desire for things to change for the better, in the context of chronic conditions this could mean desire for a peaceful and pain-free death. Hope is a highly individualized construct and in the context of life-limiting illness often associated with existential issues. Although an individualized construct, there is a strong feeling that health professionals can influence this experience- the phrase I don’t want to take hope away is heard commonly across many settings across the globe. Transitioning across care settings also has implications for coping and adjustment. The Maintaining Hope in Transition model leverages the construct of promoting hope to improve individual’s sense of control through diminishing uncertainty. Key aspects of promoting hope are achieved through (1) acknowledging the changing of life circumstances, (2) restructuring reality, (3) dealing with vulnerability, (4) achieving normalization, and (5) resolving uncertainty. Nurses can support individuals in this journey through undertaking interventions to promote self-efficacy and providing social and instrumental support. Although this model has been developed in the context of heart failure, it likely has utility in other chronic, life-limiting conditions. Through promoting hope, there is a likelihood of improving a range of individual characteristics such as quality of life and symptoms of depression. Nurses are well positioned to provide interventions promoting hope across a range of settings.
Predicted vs. Actual Bit Error Rates for MMS HPCA Memories and Their Impact on Software Reliability

Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) is a constellation of four observatories examining Earth's magnetosphere. The observatories have an elliptical orbit that currently takes them out to ~30 RE. Each observatory includes a Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer (HPCA) instrument to measure particle flux for key particles in the magnetosphere and solar wind. During design, HPCA was analyzed to determine its potential vulnerability to energetic protons and heavy ions sourced from the trapped radiation belts, Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) or Solar Events. These agents are responsible for the Single Event Effects (SEE), manifested as single and multi-bit errors in its memories. Now, with five years of experience across four observatories, we examine the predictions vs. experience with these memories to determine the accuracy of those predictions and the implications for the models we use for those bit error rate predictions. In addition, we examine the impact of these events on system operation and software reliability.
Concurrent Radiation Therapy With the Antibody-Drug Conjugates Brentuximab Vedotin and Polatuzumab Vedotin.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and polatuzumab vedotin (PV) are antibody-drug conjugates targeting CD30 and CD79B, respectively, approved for the treatment of select T- and B-cell lymphomas. Safety data to inform the use of concurrent radiation therapy (CRT) with BV or PV is lacking. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 31 patients (pts) who received CRT with BV or PV from 5/2018 to 1/2021. We defined CRT as infusion within 3 weeks prior to or concurrent with RT. Timing of toxicity (CTCAE v5.0) was classified as pre-RT (within 1 month prior to RT), acute (start to 1 month post-RT), and subacute (2-3 months following RT), censored at subsequent systemic therapy. Statistics were performed using Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests. RESULTS Of 31 pts, 20 (65%) received BV and 11 (35%) received PV. Median age at CRT was 55 (range 27-88), and 14 pts were female (45%). 26 pts (84%) had stage III-IV disease at the time of CRT. The most common diagnoses were mycosis fungoides (12 pts, 39%; 7 with large cell transformation) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (10 pts, 32%). Pts received a median of 4 lines of prior systemic therapy (range 0-8). 22 pts received prior RT courses (median 1, range 1-6). Fourteen pts received combination regimens with BV or PV: bendamustine and rituximab (R) (5, 16%); cyclophosphamide (C) (± R) (3, 10%); R alone (5, 16%); and C with doxorubicin (1, 3%). Eleven pts (35%) were treated with electrons targeting skin, with a median dose of 12 Gy (range 4-32). Twenty pts (65%) were treated with photons to 32 sites, with a median dose of 25 Gy (range 9-44); treatment sites included the spine (14 pts, 45%), abdomen/pelvis (9 pts, 29%), and brain (3 pts, 10%). Median percent bone marrow (BM) treated was 6.6 (range 0-18.3). The rate of grade 2 or higher (G2+) hematologic toxicity (HT) was 45% (14/31) pre-CRT vs. 79% (23/29) in the acute setting (P = 0.044) and 71% (10/14) in the subacute setting (P = 0.29). There was no significant change in acute or subacute pain, fatigue, diarrhea, neuropathy, or hepatotoxicity following CRT. Acute G2+ HT was associated with pre-RT G2+ HT (P = 0.019) and more lines of prior systemic therapy (P = 0.011). Percentage of BM irradiated was not significantly associated with acute G2+ HT (P = 0.09). Age, concurrent chemotherapy with BV or PV, prior RT courses, RT dose, and RT modality were not associated with G2+ HT. Six pts (19%) were bridged to stem cell transplant at a median of 26 days (IQR 16-52). 12 patients (39%) received subsequent systemic therapy for progression at a median of 81 days (IQR 25-87). Median time to progression or last follow-up was 72 days (IQR 20-113). At last follow-up, 18 pts (58%) were deceased; median overall survival from CRT was 177 days (95% CI 92-263). CONCLUSION CRT with BV or PV was overall well tolerated. We observed HT, particularly in patients with cytopenias prior to RT. Care should be taken during RT planning to reduce this risk if possible.
Desmoplakin and periplakin genetically and functionally contribute to eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease with a complex underlying genetic etiology. Herein, we conduct whole-exome sequencing of a multigeneration EoE pedigree (discovery set) and 61 additional multiplex families with EoE (replication set). A series of rare, heterozygous, missense variants are identified in the genes encoding the desmosome-associated proteins DSP and PPL in 21% of the multiplex families. Esophageal biopsies from patients with these variants retain dilated intercellular spaces and decrease DSP and PPL expression even during disease remission. These variants affect barrier integrity, cell motility and RhoGTPase activity in esophageal epithelial cells and have increased susceptibility to calpain-14–mediated degradation. An acquired loss of esophageal DSP and PPL is present in non-familial EoE. Taken together, herein, we uncover a pathogenic role for desmosomal dysfunction in EoE, providing a deeper mechanistic understanding of tissue-specific allergic responses. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease with a complex underlying genetic etiology. Here, the authors identify a series of rare variants in DSP and PPL in multiplex families with EoE and uncover a pathogenic role for desmosomal dysfunction in EoE.
Overnight Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test—1 mg

This test is performed to evaluate for Cushing’s syndrome and adrenal incidentaloma for subclinical Cushing’s syndrome.
Context-Aware Mobile Power Management Using Fuzzy Inference as a Service

As smartphones become ubiquitous, their energy consumption remains one of the most important issues. Mobile devices operate in a dynamically changing context, and their embedded sensors can be used to extract the relevant context needed for resource optimization. In this paper, we present a context-aware power management system implemented as a widely-applicable middleware application. Fuzzy inference is used to represent a high-level description of context, which is provided as a service. We test our approach using actual periodic and streaming applications on a mobile phone. Our results show energy reduction of 13-50% for periodic applications, and 18-36% for streaming applications.
The low power Intel486 SL microprocessor

The author describes the Intel486 SL microprocessor and how the features are used to create robust, power managed portable computers. System performance was raised to the 25- and 33-MHz Intel486 DX microprocessor level. The system power consumption was significantly reduced with 3.3-V operation and power management refinements. The core system logic is reduced to at least half that of Intel386 SL microprocessor based systems. The system footprint was reduced from previous systems by the integration of the cache RAM and numeric coprocessor. The power management architecture is compatible with the Intel386 SL microprocessor, providing system vendors an easy upgrade for their systems and achieving a significant power reduction and performance increase. >
Bilateral Brenner tumor of the ovary

Abstract An unusual case of bilateral Brenner tumor in a 50-year-old female is reported. It was complicated by strangulation of the right ovarian mass through torsion of the pedicle.
An SSD-HDD Integrated Storage Architecture for Write-Once-Read-Once Applications on Clusters

After investigating the data processing characteristics of several scientific applications in various disciplines from bioinformatics to geology, we discover that they share one common feature: raw data is written once onto a storage system and then it is read into memory once for analyzing, after which it will seldom be used in the future. Typically, these scientific applications are running on a cluster where the storage system of each node is composed of an array of hard disk drives (HDDs). Although HDDs are economical, they become increasingly incompetent to meet the high I/O performance requirements imposed by these applications. Flash memory based solid-state-drives (SSDs), on the other hand, can provide a high performance and energy-efficiency. Still, they are relatively expensive than HDDs. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective yet high-performance storage architecture called SOHO (SSD-Workshop-HDD-Warehouse) for these write-once-read-once scientific applications like seismic wave analysis. Its basic idea is to process raw data in the workshop (i.e., SSD), and then, the processed data is moved to the warehouse (i.e., HDD) later. Experiments using both real-world scientific applications and synthetic traces demonstrate that on average SOHO outperforms a pure HDD storage system in mean response time by 78.25%. Compared to a pure SSD system, it only degrades mean response time by less than 3.11%.
Resveratrol selectively inhibits leukemia cells: a prospective agent for ex vivo bone marrow purging

Ex vivo purging of contaminating tumor cells may reduce the incidence of relapse in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. In this study we demonstrate that resveratrol, a phytoalexin with anti-oxidant and chemopreventive activity, exhibits anti-leukemic activity against mouse (32Dp210, L1210) and human (U937, HL-60) leukemic cell lines by inhibiting cell proliferation. Long-term exposure to resveratrol also inhibits the clonal growth of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells but at a higher IC50 of resveratrol than that for most of the leukemia cell lines tested. The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on hematopoietic progenitors is partially reversible, whereas the effect on leukemia cells is largely irreversible. The inhibition of leukemia cells by resveratrol involves nucleosomal DNA fragmentation (apoptosis). On the other hand, resveratrol does not induce or enhance spontaneously occurring apoptotic death in normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. In vivo experiments performed with untreated and resveratrol-treated bone marrow showed comparable hematopoietic reconstitution in lethally irradiated mice (10 Gy) as determined by survival, hematologic recovery, and the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the marrow of reconstituted animals. Taken together, these results indicate the potential use of resveratrol for ex vivo pharmacological purging of leukemia cells from bone marrow autografts without significant loss in the hematopoietic activity of progenitor cells.
Segmentation and morphotectonic variations along a slow-spreading center: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (24°00′ N– 30°40′ N)

Analysis of Sea Beam bathymetry along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 24°00′ N and 30°40′ N reveals the nature and scale of the segmentation of this slow-spreading center. Except for the Atlantis Transform, there are no transform offsets along this 800-km-long portion of the plate boundary. Instead, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is offset at intervals of 10–100 km by nontransform discontinuities, usually located at local depth maxima along the rift valley. At these discontinuities, the horizontal shear between offset ridge segments is not accommodated by a narrow, sustained transform-zone. Non-transform discontinuities along the MAR can be classified according to their morphology, which is partly controlled by the distance between the offset neovolcanic zones, and their spatial and temporal stability. Some of the non-transform discontinuities are associated with off-axis basins which integrate spatially to form discordant zones on the flanks of the spreading center. These basins may be the fossil equivalents of the terminal lows which flank the neovolcanic zone at the ends of each segment. The off-axis traces, which do not lie along small circles about the pole of opening of the two plates, reflect the migration of the discontinuities along the spreading center.
Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism in Higher Education and the Labor Market in Georgia.

This article offers a new approach to conceptualizing the limited affordability and access to higher education for socioeconomically disadvantaged students in Georgia. Unlike most traditional views, it associates the issue with corruption, collusion, and nepotism existent in the country's higher education, job market, and banking system. It argues that the inefficiencies are caused by the collusion between a number of higher education institutions (HEIs) and companies that set "unwritten rules" for job market operation and encourage rampant nepotism in the job-hiring process. This article proposes three policy models to dismantle the incestuous web of elite Georgian HEIs-job market-bank. These policy models are: vertical influence, organizational diffusion, and leader-laggard.
The Spectrum of the Zinc Arc in Vacuum

Sixty lines in the spectrum of the vacuum zinc arc have been observed in the wave-length range 2178A to 7799A. All known solar zinc lines, including two not hitherto listed, are included. A suitable source for obtaining weak lines in vacuum is described. The stronger lines of the following elements were observed: Pb, Cu, Cd, Ag, Sn, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Sr, Be. The observations were made by means of the F and P interferometer, and by various gratings and prisms.
Emergent transcatheter embolization of massive hepatic hemorrhage

Seven cases of blunt trauma to the abdomen are reported with significant hepatic vascular injury, hemoperitoneum, and hypotensive shock. Six patients were involved in motor vehicle accidents, and one patient was assaulted. By computed tomographic imaging, the liver injuries were all grade 3–4, according to the Mirvis classification system (Mirvis SE, et al. Radiology 1989;171:27–32). All seven patients underwent angiography with the identification of an active bleeding site(s). Embolization was performed with Gelfoam pledgets, steel coils, polyvinyl alcohol particles, or a combination of materials. In all seven cases, technical success was achieved, with control of hemorrhage and stabilization of the patient’s shock. One patient later succumbed to multiorgan failure. One patient required a second embolization for hemorrhage at a second site. Transcatheter embolization is an effective method for the control of life-threatening hepatic hemorrhage secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.
Long Day's Journey into Sublimation

Considerant la piece de l'auteur dramatique americain E. O'Neill intitulee «Long day's journey into night» comme un exemple de sublimation de la mort dans l'art, l'A. etudie le processus psychanalytique de la sublimation chez Freud et dans le cadre de l'ethique de la psychanalyse representee par Lacan (rapport soi-autrui dans l'imaginaire, le symbolique et le reel)
Band gap renormalization in semiconductor quantum wells

Abstract The subband dependent band gap renormalization of optically excited semiconductor quantum wells is studied here. The first order self energies for this two component electron-hole system are calculated fully within the Random Phase Approximation. All interactions are included, and the intersubband terms are found to make significant contributions to the self energies. These calculations are made for realistic systems with finite well widths, finite barrier heights and finite temperatures. The results are compared with recent experimental data for InGaAs/InP and GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells.
Surface Modification of Polymers with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a General Pretreatment for Controlled Wettability

Various polymer surfaces were analyzed for reactivity toward 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Results indicate that the method described here is useful as a general surface-selective modification technique for polar polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyimides, cellulosics, polyacrylics, etc. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed an average of 10% silicon and nitrogen atomic concentrations at 75° takeoff for all successfully modified surfaces. The APTES multilayers were subsequently hydrophobized with perfluorinated chlorosilanes giving 40% fluorine atomic concentration by XPS and 120°/90° (advancing/receding) dynamic contact angle averages. APTES modifications were successful in all solvents with the exception of protic solvents. On the basis of these and other observations, a new model for the reaction pathway is proposed. We propose the reaction proceeds by initial APTES adsorption (likely through hydrogen bonding by the amine) to the substrate, lateral bond formatio...
DESCRIPTION OF THE Tl, Pb and Bi CUPRATE HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS AS INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS

Treating the new superconducting oxides as intercalation compounds, especially, as analogues to graphite intercalation compounds (GIC), clarifies the understanding of a number of their properties; in this description, the ratio of the number of cuprate layers per intercalant unit is equivalent to the stage number in GIC’s. In particular, the role of charge transfer (presumably, electron transfer from oxygen in the ${\rm CuO}_2^{ - 2} $ sheets to an acceptor site located in the intercalant) in optimizing Tc can be well discussed in these terms, leading to the prediction that the curve of Tc versus n, the number of ${\rm CuO}_2^{ - 2 + \delta } $ layers, must have a maximum at a specific value of n.
AN EARLY STAGE IN THE PLANT RECOLONIZATION OF A NUCLEAR TARGET AREA

Abstract Vegetational analyses were conducted three years post-detonation in a nuclear target area in a Grayia spinosa-Lycium andersonii community in Yucca Flat, Nevada. Annual plants dominated the early stage of recolonization and were quantitatively more abundant in the disturbed areas than in an adjacent undisturbed shrub community. Mentzelia albicaulis and Chaenactis steviodes occurred in both disturbed and undisturbed areas, however; Mentzelia was more abundant in disturbed areas while Chaenactis was more abundant in the undisturbed community. Salsola kali was confined to disturbed areas while Phacelia vallismortae was more often encountered in the undisturbed community. The plant recolonization of a mechanically disturbed area was quantitatively and qualitatively more like that of the interior zone of the nuclear target area than less disturbed habitats. These data support a conclusion that soil displacement presents a more rigorous habitat for plant recolonization than disturbances created by the wider ranging destructive components of a nuclear detonation.
The effects of family structure and SES on family processes in early adolescence.

This study investigates parent-adolescent relationships in early adolescence, focusing on the effects of dyadic communication, family cohesion, family structure, and SES on family conflict in three ethnic groups: African-American (n =1886), Mexican-American (n =2657), and Euro-American (n =3052). Sixth, seventh and eighth grade girls and boys completed questionnaires and results were analysed using independent samples t -tests and multiple regression. Results showed 3-year increases in family conflict in all three ethnic groups. There were significant differences in scale scores on conflict, communication, and family cohesion between nuclear and single-parent families. Some ethnic and gender differences were also found. Discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for family life.
Phase-shifting holography using Bragg and non-Bragg orders in photorefractive lithium niobate

Holographic interferometry is an effective and rich method for measuring very small (order of a wavelength) deformations of an object and is widely used for non-destructive testing. In this work, the use of photorefractive materials for implementing real time phase shifting holographic interferometry is examined in detail. Bragg and non-Bragg orders generated during two- and multi-beam coupling in a photorefractive material can be used to retrieve the deformation of the object, or the phase information of the object. In previous work, it has been shown that object deformation can be determined from monitoring Bragg and non-Bragg orders. Preliminary experiments for determining the depth profile of an object have been reported, along with approximate analytic solutions for the Bragg and non-Bragg orders for the case of interacting plane waves. In this work, the exact solutions of Bragg and non-Bragg orders are found from numerically solving the interaction equations in a photorefractive material. It is shown that if the grating written in the material using two waves is read out by a reference and the object, the resulting Bragg and non-Bragg orders contain the information of the object phase, and is dependent on material parameters and the writing and reading beam intensities. Similarities and differences between this dynamic holographic technique and the traditional phase shifting digital holography are extensively discussed.
A New Paradigm for Developmental Science: Relationism and Relational-Developmental Systems

The Cartesian-Split-Mechanistic scientific paradigm that until recently functioned as the standard conceptual framework for sub-fields of developmental science (including inheritance, evolution, and organismic—pre-natal, cognitive, emotional, motivational, socio-cultural—development) has been progressively failing as a scientific research program. An alternative scientific paradigm composed of nested meta-theories with Relationism at the broadest level and Relational-Developmental-Systems as a mid-range meta-theory is offered as a more progressive conceptual framework for developmental science. Termed broadly the Relational-Developmental-Systems paradigm, this framework accounts for the findings that are anomalies for the old paradigm, accounts for the emergence of new findings, and points the way to future scientific productivity—and a more optimistic approach to evaluate-evidence-based applications aimed at promoting positive human development and social justice.
Noninvasive Biomagnetic Detection of Isolated Ischemic Bowel Segments

The slow wave activity was measured in the magnetoenterogram (MENG) of normal porcine subjects ( N = 5) with segmental intestinal ischemia. The correlation changes in enteric slow wave activity were determined in MENG and serosal electromyograms (EMG). MENG recordings show significant changes in the frequency and power distribution of enteric slow-wave signals during segmental ischemia, and these changes agree with changes observed in the serosal EMG. There was a high degree of correlation between the frequency of the electrical activity recorded in MENG and in serosal EMG (r = 0.97). The percentage of power distributed in brady- and normoenteric frequency ranges exhibited significant segmental ischemic changes. Our results suggest that noninvasive MENG detects ischemic changes in isolated small bowel segments.
Direction of perceived motion-in-depth in ambiguous dynamic random element stereograms

We measured five subjects' thresholds for both stereo detection and change in axis of perceived motion-in-depth as a function of the bar width of square-wave reversing square-wave gratings-In-depth. Stereo detection varied curvilinearly with bar width, while change in the perceived direction of motion-in-depth varied linearly with bar width on logarithmic coordinates. The changes in perceived axis of motion-in-depth could not be explained by variations with bar width in disparity thresholds suggesting that subjects perceived bars move along an axis towards the nearer of two alternative positions in 3D space.
Acyclovir influence on graft versus host disease

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been used for over two decades as a therapy to treat patients with malignant disease [Thomas et al., 1977; Geller et al., 1989; Clift et al., 1987; Gratwohl et al., 1990; Goldman et al., 1986; Thomas et al., 1986]. High doses of chemotherapy are administered either alone or in combination with total body irradiation in an attempt to eradicate malignant cells. The treatment may be lethal to normal bone marrow function, but this toxicity is overcome by providing bone marrow from an external source. In allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, bone marrow is obtained from an HLA identical family member or unrelated donor
Dogmatism and self-perception: a test of Bem's theory.

Summary Self-perception theory has been proposed as an alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance phenomena. Bem successfully used the interpersonal experiment to replicate the results of cognitive dissonance experiments. His results were used to support his thesis that self-perception and other person perception are based on equivalent types of information. This information, according to Bem, does not include knowledge of premanipulation attitudes. The present interpersonal simulation was based on Bem's assumption that premanipulation attitudes are not salient to postmanipulation attitudes. The observer subjects were given no information about the participating subject's premanipulation attitudes, yet the results did not support the self-perception hypothesis.
On Friction Damping Modeling Using Bilinear Hysteresis Elements

Massless bilinear hysteresis elements are often used to model frictional energy dissipation in dynamic systems. These quasi-static elements possess only two describing parameters, the damper stiffness and the force at which it slips. Bilinear hysteresis elements capture the qualitative nature of friction-damped forced response, but sometimes have difficulty with quantitative comparisons. This paper examines the performance of massless bilinear hysteresis elements as well as the role of damper mass in energy dissipation, and specifically evaluates its influence on the kinematic state of the damper (pure slip, stick-slip, pure stick). Differences between the massless and non-zero mass case are explored, as are the implications on both damper and system response. The results indicate that even small damper mass can have a qualitative effect on the system response, and provide advantages over the massless case. Further, we develop transition maps, describing damper response kinematics in the damper parameter 'space, which segment the space into two linear analysis regions (pure slip, pure stick) and one nonlinear analysis region (stick-slip). The results suggest non-zero mass dampers which are tuned as optimal vibration absorbers provide substantial resonance response attenuation and substantially reduce the size of the nonlinear analysis region in the damper parameter space.
AGU leadership reflects back, looks forward

[1] AGU president Mike McPhaden, president-elect Carol Finn, and executive director Chris McEntee have served in their current capacities for approximately a year. In this interview, held 18 August after the AGU Council meeting, they reflect back on the year and discuss prospects for the future.
In vitro transcorneal and transscleral diffusion of radiolabeled compounds in human and rabbit cornea and in human, monkey, dog, and rabbit sclera

Purpose To determine the in vitro diffusion of selected compounds across the cornea or sclera of humans, monkeys, dogs, and rabbits. Methods Human and NZW rabbit corneas were obtained and the epithelium was removed from one cornea of each pair. Corneas were mounted in chambers with 3H-water or 3H-dexamethasone on the epithelial side and BSS solution on the endothelial side. Serial aliquots were taken from each chamber and assayed by LSC. Scleral sections from human, NZW rabbit, dog, or monkey eyes were mounted in perfusion chambers. Adjacent sclera was used for H&E histology. 3H-water, 3H-dexamethasone, or 70kD-14C-dextran were added to the episcleral surface while perfusing BSS across the choroidal side. Serial aliquots were collected up to 5 hrs and assayed by LSC. Scleral permeability (ktrans) was calculated. H&E slides were used to determine scleral thickness. Results 3H-water diffused through cornea faster than 3H-dexamethasone, especially with denuded epithelium. Scleral thickness and molecular weight were determinant of diffusion in sclera. Monkey sclera was thinnest, followed by dog, rabbit, and human. ktrans for 70kD-14C-Dextran and 3H-dexamethasone were greatest in monkey, followed by dog, rabbit, and human. ktrans values for 3H-water were similar in all species, and greater than values for 14C-dextran and 3H-dexamethasone. Conclusion These studies demonstrate permeability of cornea and sclera in human and animal models with compounds of varied molecular weights representative of drugs being developed for treatment of ocular diseases. The results of this study indicate that these techniques are valuable as screening tools in the development of ocular drugs.