cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managing depressed patients with comorbidities and dual-eligibility benefit status.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the challenges and requirements in developing and implementing strategies for the appropriate management of depression in a subpopulation of dual-eligible patients with comorbidities. SUMMARY: Treating patients with comorbidities who are dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid services is challenging. In this vulnerable population, condition management strategies should address new patient cost-sharing responsibilities, improve or minimize the disruptions in access to medications, monitor for potential adherence issues, and, most importantly, strive to maintain, if not improve, overall health outcomes. Complicating these essential strategies are concerns about defining who is responsible for providing treatment to dual-eligible patients and the potential loss of vital services at various levels, including transition of care or the possible discontinuation of or severe limitations on reimbursement for key services. CONCLUSION: Condition management strategies should be developed to deal with the unique needs of the dual-eligible population to ensure continuity of care. Additionally, an organizational infrastructure is necessary to give providers useful tools to help them deliver better-coordinated care to the dual-eligible population that struggles with depression.
The Success and Repeal of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act: A Paradoxical Lesson for Health Care Reform

Congress intended the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act (MCCA) of 1988 to reduce the risk for illness-related catastrophic financial losses in the elderly. The act was short-lived, facing repeal just one year after passage. Many elderly persons were convinced that the costs of the program outweighed the benefits. However nursing home payment provisions of the MCCA may have affected out-of-pocket expenses paid by the elderly for long-term care more than consumers realized at the time of repeal. A transmittal memorandum, issued by the Health Care Financing Administration independent of Congressional action, enhanced consumers' ability to qualify for Medicare nursing home benefits. We investigated the effects of the Medicare policy change on nursing home payer mix and out-of-pocket expenses in 489 Pennsylvania nursing homes. We found that substantial shifts in payer mix from self-pay to Medicare payment sources occurred, reducing out-of-pocket expenses. Unfortunately the debate over the MCCA's repeal did not include discussion of the improved nursing home benefit structure. These findings, and the fate of the MCCA legislation, reinforce the importance of comprehensive information and clear communication in promoting health care reform.
Stabilized femtosecond lasers for precision frequency metrology and ultrafast science

We present results from several experiments in which the repetitive, coherent nature of stabilized mode-locked pulse trains are utilized. From absolute optical frequency measurements in ultracold Sr atoms to the coherent storage and amplification of optical pulse trains in high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities, the stabilized femtosecond laser has become an indispensable tool in precision spectroscopy and ultrafast science.
Hegel’s Critique of Kant and the Limits of Reflection

The following is a study of two of G. W. F. Hegel’s major works of the Jena period. The essay The Difference between the Fichtean and Schellingian Systems of Philosophy (1801) and the book Faith and Knowledge (1803) both provide us with insights into what Hegel takes to be the project of philosophy in Germany after the emergence of the Kantian philosophy. A careful study of both of these early texts is necessary for understanding the general epistemological ambitions of Hegel’s mature philosophy. The critique of Immanuel Kant in Faith and Knowledge is especially important because it shows the way in which Hegel anticipates the nature of his mature thought as something that directly answers to the impasses of the Kantian philosophy. Yet such a study of Faith and Knowledge remains incomplete without first laying out the orientation to his contemporaries that Hegel establishes in the Differenzschrift. A study of these two texts makes clear the way in which Kant’s philosophy stands as a backdrop against which Hegel sees German Idealism develop.
Vascular Function and Uric Acid-Lowering in Stage 3 CKD

Hyperuricemia may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in CKD. We evaluated whether lowering serum uric acid levels with allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in 80 participants ≥18 years of age with stage 3 CKD and asymptomatic hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dl in men and ≥6 mg/dl in women) randomized in a double-blinded manner to receive placebo or allopurinol for 12 weeks. Randomization was stratified according to presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. We measured vascular endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. No significant differences existed between groups at baseline; 61% of the participants had diabetes mellitus in both groups. The placebo and the allopurinol groups had baseline serum uric acid levels (SDs) of 8.7 (1.6) mg/dl and 8.3 (1.4) mg/dl, respectively, and baseline flow-mediated dilation values (SDs) of 6.0% (5.0%) and 4.8% (5.0%), respectively. Compared with placebo, allopurinol lowered serum uric acid significantly but did not improve endothelial function. In participants without diabetes mellitus, allopurinol associated with a trend toward improved flow-mediated dilation (+1.4% [3.9%] versus -0.7% [4.1%] with placebo), but this was not statistically significant (P=0.26). Furthermore, we did not detect significant differences between groups in BP or serum levels of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, allopurinol effectively and safely lowered serum uric acid levels in adults with stage 3 CKD and asymptomatic hyperuricemia but did not improve endothelial function in this sample of patients.
Examining the Language Phenotype in Children With Typical Development, Specific Language Impairment, and Fragile X Syndrome.

Purpose One aspect of morphosyntax, finiteness marking, was compared in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), specific language impairment (SLI), and typical development matched on mean length of...
Research Insights About Risk Governance

In recent years, expectations for increased risk governance have been placed explicitly on boards of directors. In response, boards are being held responsible for not only understanding and approvi...
An empirical eigenfunction analysis of sea surface temperatures in the western North Atlantic

The empirical orthogonal function decomposition is used to analyze time records of AVHRR sea surface temperature observations of the western North Atlantic from 32.9° to 43.6°N, 62.7° to 76.3°W. A manually declouded dataset covering the spring of 1985 is analyzed. The majority (80%) of the variance about the mean is accounted for by an empirical eigenfunction, which is identified with seasonal warming. This eigenfunction shows that the shelf water, excluding Georges Bank, warms the most rapidly; the surface water of the Gulf of Maine warms a little less rapidly and the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea surface water warm the least rapidly. The SST of the Gulf Stream is also shown to behave more like that at 30°N than like Sargasso Sea water immediately to its south (∼35°N). The second EOF is found to be a small correction to the general warming rate described by the first EOE The third and fourth EOFs are determined primarily by meander propagation. Observatiods with partial cloud cover from the period 1985 to 1991 are also analyzed. Again, the dominant effect is identified as seasonal warming.
Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Lines and Mechanism of Pluripotency: Historical Perspective and Recent Advances

Derivation of human embryonic stem cell (hES) lines in 1998 was not only a major technological breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine; it also triggered a passionate debate about the ethical issues associated with the utilization of human embryos for derivation of hESC lines. Successful derivation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) lines from human somatic cells with defined reprogramming factors by Shinya Yamanaka`s group in 2007 was another breakthrough that generated enormous excitement and hope for the development of donor-specific personalized cell replacement therapies (CRT) without the ethical dilemma associated with it. As we approach twentieth anniversary of derivation of hESC lines and the tenth anniversary of isolation of donor-specific iPSC lines, this manuscript summarizes the key advances in pluripotent stem cell (PSC) research field that led to derivation of human iPSC lines, different methodologies for derivation iPSC lines and characterization of the mechanism of reprogramming. We will also review progress towards generating donor-specific somatic cell lineages from iPSC lines, especially the functional immune cell lineages, and progress towards advancing these findings to the clinic. Finally, we will discuss the challenges, such as genome instability and inherent immunogenicity of hPSC lines that need to be addressed to develop safe and effective iPSC-based CRT.
The hidden simplicity of subduction megathrust earthquakes

The largest observed earthquakes occur on subduction interfaces and frequently cause widespread damage and loss of life. Understanding the rupture behavior of megathrust events is crucial for earthquake rupture physics, as well as for earthquake early-warning systems. However, the large variability in behavior between individual events seemingly defies a description with a simple unifying model. Here we use three source time function (STF) data sets for subduction zone earthquakes, with moment magnitude M w ≥ 7, and show that such large ruptures share a typical universal behavior. The median STF is scalable between events with different sizes, grows linearly, and is nearly triangular. The deviations from the median behavior are multiplicative and Gaussian—that is, they are proportionally larger for larger events. Our observations suggest that earthquake magnitudes cannot be predicted from the characteristics of rupture onsets.
Hyperconnected molecular glass network architectures with exceptional elastic properties.

Hyperconnected network architectures can endow nanomaterials with remarkable mechanical properties that are fundamentally controlled by designing connectivity into the intrinsic molecular structure. For hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials, here we show that by using 1,3,5 silyl benzene precursors, the connectivity of a silicon atom within the network extends beyond its chemical coordination number, resulting in a hyperconnected network with exceptional elastic stiffness, higher than that of fully dense silica. The exceptional intrinsic stiffness of these hyperconnected glass networks is demonstrated with molecular dynamics models and these model predictions are calibrated through the synthesis and characterization of an intrinsically porous hybrid glass processed from 1,3,5(triethoxysilyl)benzene. The proposed molecular design strategy applies to any materials system wherein the mechanical properties are controlled by the underlying network connectivity. Organic—inorganic glasses can possess unique properties and functionalities, but their poor mechanical strength and stiffness typically limit their applicability. Here the authors demonstrate that inducing hyperconnectivity into silicon-based glass networks endows them with exceptional elastic stiffness.
Cities, Consumption, and Marketing Dynamics

The economic transformation, associated rapid growth of cities and small towns, rising incomes, and expanded export markets bring large changes in the level, location, and composition of agriculture consumption. These in turn bring major opportunity for change in the size and composition of agricultural production and a large increase in the proportion of consumer expenditure on post-farm marketing. In the context of these major changes, small commercial farmers maintain a cost of production comparative advantage but face problems in meeting the new requirements with respect to what they produce and in marketing. That requires further progress in the basic institutions and investments that drive agricultural production as well as new or improved institutional structures.
shapeShift: A Mobile Tabletop Shape Display for Tangible and Haptic Interaction

shapeShift is a compact, high-resolution (7 mm pitch), mobile tabletop shape display. We explore potential interaction techniques in both passive and active mobile scenarios. In the passive case, the user is able to freely move and spin the display as it renders elements. We introduce use cases for rendering lateral I/O elements, exploring volumetric datasets, and grasping and manipulating objects. On an active omnidirectional-robot platform, shapeShift can display moving objects and provide both vertical and lateral kinesthetic feedback. We use the active platform as an encounter-type haptic device combined with a head-mounted display to dynamically simulate the presence of virtual content.
A boosting cascade for automated detection of prostate cancer from digitized histology

Current diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma is done by manual analysis of biopsy tissue samples for tumor presence. However, the recent advent of whole slide digital scanners has made histopathological tissue specimens amenable to computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). In this paper, we present a CAD system to assist pathologists by automatically detecting prostate cancer from digitized images of prostate histological specimens. Automated diagnosis on very large high resolution images is done via a multi-resolution scheme similar to the manner in which a pathologist isolates regions of interest on a glass slide. Nearly 600 image texture features are extracted and used to perform pixel-wise Bayesian classification at each image scale to obtain corresponding likelihood scenes. Starting at the lowest scale, we apply the AdaBoost algorithm to combine the most discriminating features, and we analyze only pixels with a high combined probability of malignancy at subsequent higher scales. The system was evaluated on 22 studies by comparing the CAD result to a pathologist’s manual segmentation of cancer (which served as ground truth) and found to have an overall accuracy of 88%. Our results show that (1) CAD detection sensitivity remains consistently high across image scales while CAD specificity increases with higher scales, (2) the method is robust to choice of training samples, and (3) the multi-scale cascaded approach results in significant savings in computational time.
Care at the End of Life for Children with Cancer

End of life for children with cancer refers to the closeness of death, and consequently, care at the end of life entails the anticipation of death. Clear medical decisions and best possible symptom control should be in place. Furthermore, clinicians should be prepared to provide anticipatory guidance and to respond to questions that parents may ask including “When will my child die?”; “Will he suffer?”; “What will it be like?”; “What does she need?”; and “How can we be of help?” To assure that a child can die in the family’s preferred location, careful arrangements may need to be made. This chapter will address these end-of-life considerations for children with cancer and their families.
Leptin Regulation of Gonadotrope Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors As a Metabolic Checkpoint and Gateway to Reproductive Competence.

The adipokine leptin signals the body’s nutritional status to the brain and particularly, the hypothalamus. However, leptin receptors can be found all throughout the body, including the pituitary. It is known that leptin is permissive for reproduction, and mice that cannot produce leptin (Lep/Lep) are infertile. Many studies have pinpointed leptin’s regulation of reproduction to the hypothalamus. However, leptin receptors exist at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We have previously shown that deleting the signaling portion of the leptin receptor specifically in gonadotropes impairs fertility in female mice. Our recent studies have targeted this regulation to the control of GnRHR expression. The hypotheses presented here are two-fold: (1) cyclic regulation of pituitary GnRHR levels sets up a target metabolic checkpoint for control of the reproductive axis, and (2) multiple checkpoints are required for the metabolic signaling that regulates the reproductive axis. Here, we emphasize and explore the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary with regards to the regulation of GnRHR. The original data we present strengthen these hypotheses and build on our previous studies. We show that we can cause infertility in 70% of female mice by deleting all isoforms of LEPR specifically in gonadotropes. Our findings implicate activin subunit (InhBa) mRNA as a potential leptin target in gonadotropes. We further show gonadotrope-specific upregulation of GnRHR protein (but not mRNA levels) following leptin stimulation. In order to try and understand this post-transcriptional regulation, we tested candidate miRNAs (identified with in silico analysis) that may be binding the Gnrhr mRNA. We show significant up-regulation of one of these miRNAs in our gonadotrope-Lepr-null females. The evidence provided here, combined with our previous work, lay the foundation for metabolically-regulated post-transcriptional control of the gonadotrope. We discuss possible mechanisms, including miRNA regulation and the involvement of the RNA binding protein, Musashi. We also demonstrate how this regulation may be vital for the dynamic remodeling of gonadotropes in the cycling female. Finally, we propose that the leptin receptivity of both the hypothalamus and the pituitary are vital for the body’s ability to delay or or slow reproduction during periods of low nutrition.
Influence of Mental Health and Alcohol or Other Drug Use Risk on Adolescent Reported Care Received in Primary Care Settings

To describe patterns of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use risk and adolescent reported primary care (PC) screening and intervention, and examine associations of AOD risk and mental health with reported care received. We analyzed data from cross-sectional surveys collected from April 3, 2013 to November 24, 2015 from 1279 diverse adolescents ages 12–18 who reported visiting a doctor at least once in the past year. Key measures were AOD risk using the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire; mental health using the 5-item Mental Health Inventory; binary measures of adolescent-reported screening and intervention. Half (49.2%) of the adolescents reported past year AOD use. Of the 769 (60.1%) of adolescents that reported being asked by a medical provider in PC about AOD use, only 37.2% reported receiving screening/intervention. The odds of reported screening/intervention were significantly higher for adolescents with higher AOD risk and lower mental health scores. Adolescents at risk for AOD use and poor mental health are most likely to benefit from brief intervention. These findings suggest that strategies are needed to facilitate medical providers identification of need for counseling of both AOD and mental health care for at risk youth. clinicaltrials.gov , Identifier: NCT01797835, March 2013.
Recryptor: A Reconfigurable Cryptographic Cortex-M0 Processor With In-Memory and Near-Memory Computing for IoT Security

Providing security for the Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly important, but supporting many different cryptographic algorithms and standards within the physical constraints of IoT devices is highly challenging. Software implementations are inefficient due to the high bitwidth cryptographic operations; domain-specific accelerators are often inflexible; and reconfigurable crypto processors generally have large area and power overhead. This paper proposes Recryptor, a reconfigurable cryptographic processor that augments the existing memory of a commercial general-purpose processor with compute capabilities. It supports in-memory bitline computing using a 10-transistor bitcell to support different bitwise operations up to 512-bits wide. Custom-designed shifter, rotator, and S-box modules sit near the memory, providing high-throughput near-memory computing capabilities. We demonstrate Recryptor’s programmability by implementing the cryptographic primitives of various public/ secret key cryptographies and hash functions. Recryptor runs at 28.8 MHz in 0.7 V, achieving $6.8\times $ average speedup and $12.8\times $ average energy improvements over the state-of-the-art software- and hardware-accelerated implementations with only 0.128 mm2 area overhead in 40-nm CMOS.
Abstract P007: Atrial Fibrillation, Black or White Race, and Research Study Participation in a National Cohort Study: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

INTRODUCTION. Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been consistently observed in epidemiologic studies to be less prevalent in blacks than in whites, despite higher prevalence of AF risk factors in blacks. A research methods question related to this paradox is whether AF and race jointly affect participation in research studies that require in-person examinations, leading to biased estimates of the racial distribution of AF. The unique two-stage data collection design of REGARDS allowed us to study this issue. HYPOTHESES. We hypothesized that people who self-report AF by telephone are less likely to participate in in-person research studies than people who do not self-report AF, and that this difference is more pronounced in blacks than in whites. We also hypothesized that the inverse association of black race with AF is more pronounced in people who participate in in-person studies than in people who do not participate. METHODS. In REGARDS, 42,018 people completed a preliminary telephone interview in which they reported race (black or white) and answered the question “has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you had atrial fibrillation?” Subsequently, 29,403 (70%) participated in an in-person examination, where AF was determined by electrocardiogram (ECG). We used multiple imputation to estimate prevalence of ECG-detected AF in people who did not participate in the in-person examination. RESULTS. Participation in the in-person examination was 77.0% in whites without self-reported AF, 76.5% in whites with self-reported AF, 62.0% in blacks without self-reported AF, and 61.6% in blacks with self-reported AF. Racial distributions of self-reported AF and ECG-detected AF were similar in people who did or did not participate in the in-person examination (Table). CONCLUSIONS. Self-reported AF status was not related to participation in an in-person examination following a telephone interview. We found no evidence that estimates of racial distributions of AF in REGARDS were biased by differential study participation.
Combination of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor is associated with increased systemic inflammatory mediators and more rapid progression from preclinical to clinical rheumatoid arthritis.

The development of rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) can be observed years prior to clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, the interaction between these two autoantibodies and their combined effect on development of RA is unclear. We measured RF, cytokines, and ACPA subtypes in serial pre-clinical serum samples collected from 83 US veterans who all developed RA. Levels of cytokines and ACPAs were compared between the following groups: anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)-/RF- (double negative), anti-CCP+/RF-, anti-CCP-/RF+, or anti-CCP+/RF+ (double-positive). The double-positive subgroup had significantly higher levels of 20 inflammatory cytokines and 29 ACPA reactivities, and the shortest interval, 1.3 years, between the preclinical sample timepoint and diagnosis of RA. Thus, the combined presence of ACPAs and RF is associated with a more rapid progression to RA, suggesting that anti-CCP+/RF+ individuals have a more advanced preclinical disease state and that the onset of RA may be imminent.
Mitochondrial ultrastructural adaptations in fast muscles of mice lacking IL15RA.

ABSTRACT The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-15 (IL15) and its receptor α (IL15RA) participate in the regulation of musculoskeletal function and metabolism. Deletion of the Il15ra gene in mice increases spontaneous activity, improves fatigue resistance in the glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and protects from diet-induced obesity. In humans, IL15RA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to muscle strength, metabolism and performance in elite endurance athletes. Taken together, these features suggest a possible role for IL15RA in muscle mitochondrial structure and function. Here, we have investigated the consequences of loss of IL15RA on skeletal muscle fiber-type properties and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Immunostaining of the EDL for myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms revealed no significant changes in fiber type. Electron microscopy (EM) analysis of the EDL indicated an overall higher mitochondria content, and increased cristae density in subsarcolemmal and A-band mitochondrial subpopulations. The higher cristae density in Il15ra−/− mitochondria was associated with higher OPA1 and cardiolipin levels. Overall, these data extend our understanding of the role of IL15RA signaling in muscle oxidative metabolism and adaptation to exercise.
An Environmental Scan of the Various Oral-Systemic Contact Points

Significant progress has been made in the recent decades in better understanding the connections between oral and systemic health and disease. In this chapter we have tried to provide an overview of the relationship between oral and systemic health and disease, and present a list of contact points between oral and systemic conditions. This chapter also serves as the introductory piece to the Oral and Systemic Connection section of the book which constitutes Chaps. 4– 10, which discusses the biological, epidemiological, informatics, and technical considerations for some of the more important diseases that impact patients.
Analysis of herpes simplex type 1 gB, gD, and gH/gL on production of infectious HIV-1: HSV-1 gD restricts HIV-1 by exclusion of HIV-1 Env from maturing viral particles

We previously showed that the gM of HSV-1 could restrict the release of infectious HIV-1 from cells. In this study, we analyzed if the four HSV-1 glycoproteins (gD, gB, and gH/gL), which are the minimum glycoproteins required for HSV-1 entry, restricted the release of infectious HIV-1. Of these four glycoproteins, gD and gH/gL restricted the production of infectious HIV-1 from cells transfected with an infectious molecular clone of HIV-1 (strain NL4-3) while gB had no significant effect. Pulse-chase analyses indicated that gD did not affect the biosynthesis and processing of gp160 into gp120/gp41, the transport of the gp120/gp41 to the cell surface, or the release of HIV-1 particles from the cell surface. Our analyses revealed that gD was incorporated into HIV-1 virus particles while gp120/gp41 was excluded from released virus particles. Truncated mutants of gD revealed that the cytoplasmic domain was dispensable but that a membrane bound gD was required for the restriction of release of infectious HIV-1. Finally, cell lines expressing gD also potently restricted the release of infectious virus. Due to its ability to exclude HIV-1 gp120/gp41 from maturing virus, gD may provide a useful tool in deciphering mechanisms of Env incorporation into maturing virus particles.
The long genocide in upper mesopotamia: Minority population destruction amidst nation-building and "international security"

“Genocide in Kurdistan” most often refers to events that are recognized as having occurred in Iraq during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Scholars also connect it with events in Turkey’s early year...
The Impact of Continuous Quality Improvement on Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

The recognition that outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery were in need of closer assessment became evident in the early 1990s. The courageous disclosure by a prominent congenital heart surgeon of a cluster of surgical failures and the forced closure of two separate pediatric heart surgery programs suggested that more vigilance was required for this highly specialized area of surgery. The development of registry databases in Europe and North America for congenital heart surgery patients is described. The maturation of these databases and the development of a common nomenclature and risk stratification scheme are also reviewed. Now that pediatric cardiac surgery outcomes are being tracked reliably, significant variation in these outcomes within and between centers has become evident, especially with higher risk procedures. Strategies to address this variation and to improve the quality of pediatric heart surgery are discussed.
THE CASCAJAL BLOCK: NEW LINE DRAWING, DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS, AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PATTERNS

This paper studies the Cascajal Block, a serpentinite artifact with an Olmec text dating to ca. 1000–900 b.c. (Rodriguez Martinez et al. 2006a). It introduces a new line drawing made possible by the detailed documentation carried out by Carrasco and Englehardt, presents a distributional analysis of the inscription in order to assess the sign inventory proposed by Rodriguez Martinez et al. (2006a) and revised by Mora-Marin (2009), and, most significantly, suggests that certain irregularities in the patterns of sign co-occurrence raised by previous authors (Justeson 2012; Macri 2006) are consistent with spelling practices in logosyllabic scripts, showing that the script is linguistically motivated. The work by Carrasco and Englehardt (2015) on the identification and analysis of sign pairings as likely diphrastic kennings is highlighted as crucial to establishing semantic controls needed for any attempt at decipherment; a new, repeated pairing is proposed, consisting of the PELT-PAW signs. Finally, this paper assesses how the various models for the reading formatting and direction of the text could impact the proposed hypotheses.
Compact spectrograph for hyperspectral imaging with overlapping fluorescent reporters

A compact, prism-based spectrograph was designed for 2-photon light sheet microscopy based on broadband, ultrashort optical pulses that corrects for chromatic aberrations and distortion. Gaussian or Bessel beams of broadband optical pulses may be used to create narrow cylindrical, nonlinear excitation volumes from which fluorophores emit characteristic spectra. In practice, a slit aperture is often used to optically section the excitation volume before being imaged onto the camera chip. Optical dispersion of the fluorescence in the transverse direction of the imaging slit allows for hyperspectral image acquisition. Hyperspectral imaging systems may be used to simultaneously image and segment multiple fluorescent reporters in biological tissue. However, current systems have properties which are undesirable for low-light microscopy including chromatic aberrations, distortion, low optical transmission, and large footprint which consumes precious laboratory real estate. Here, we present a novel spectrograph that has sufficient optical transmission, achromaticity, and distortion correction for microscopy of fluorescent reporters spanning the visible spectrum (400 – 650 nm). Across the spatial dimension of the excitation volume, the spectrograph has uniform separation of the spectral bands while maintaining a compact size and profile. A second order deconvolution algorithm is used to spectrally deconvolve overlapping fluorophores.
Using augmented reality to build digital twin for reconfigurable additive manufacturing system

Abstract The extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes are those where one or multiple tools (usually nozzles) are driven along predefined paths to deposit fabrication materials. They are usually inherently slow because solid contours have to be filled with mere single deposition lines of material. An intuitive way to improve the fabrication speed is to introduce multiple independent actuators for concurrent deposition of materials without collision among them. In this paper, a methodology of using augmented reality (AR) technique is presented to conveniently communicate the layout information between a reconfigurable AM system made of robotic arms and its corresponding digital twin for toolpath planning and simulation. A prototype system made of two desktops AM robotic arms is developed, and transformation matrices are derived to determine the spatial relation between different items in the system, including camera, markers, robotic arms and part substrate. Case studies are conducted to demonstrate the capability of this methodology in automatically retrieving layout information and assisting users to deploy pre-determined layout. The results show that the developed methodology enables rapid retrieval of position information from the physical system layout into the digital twin simulation and optimization and facilitates convenient deployment of an optimized layout determined in the digital twin into the physical system.
“My Kids Are My Priority”: Mothers’ Decisions to Evacuate for Hurricane Irma and Evacuation Intentions for Future Hurricanes:

Although families with children are particularly vulnerable in hurricanes, little is known about factors affecting families’ evacuation decisions. Following Hurricane Irma, we evaluated multiple fa...
Reevaluating Fair Use in China — A Comparative Copyright Analysis of Chinese Fair Use Legislation, the U.S. Fair Use Doctrine, and the European Fair Dealing Model

This article is the first to focus on China in comparing and discussing the divergence of fair use doctrine in the U.S., with the fair dealing model commonly found in the Commonwealth countries (the U.K. and Canada), Europe and China. Drawing on different outcomes of the Google thumbnail litigation in various countries, the article discusses pros and cons of the fair use doctrine under the U.S. system and the fair dealing model in the rest of the world. In the end, the article proposes a number of fair use/fair dealing models that the Chinese government might consider in its legislative reform.
Germline and somatic genetic alterations in two first‐degree relatives with appendiceal low‐grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei

Comparing genetic mutations of first-degree relatives with appendiceal pseudomyxoma peritonei may explain clinical outcomes and disease pathogenesis. Molecular profiling of mucinous tumors may identify improved treatments to traditional chemotherapy.
Medical Marijuana Laws, Marijuana Use, and Opioid-Related Outcomes among Women in the United States

Abstract Background In the context of the opioid epidemic, a limited but growing body of literature has found state medical marijuana laws (MMLs) to be associated with lower levels of opioid prescribing. However, robust evidence linking state MMLs with individual-level opioid-related outcomes is lacking, particularly among women. This finding is especially true for pregnant and parenting women, who have been disproportionately affected by the opioid crisis. Methods Using data drawn from the 2002–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Heath, the study uses a difference-in-differences estimation strategy to compare opioid-related outcomes (opioid misuse initiation, opioid misuse in the past month and past year, and opioid use disorder) among all women, pregnant women, and parenting women in states with and without MMLs (before and after implementation). The study also investigates the impact of MMLs on marijuana use and marijuana use disorder. Results The findings indicate that MMLs were not associated with opioid misuse, opioid misuse initiation, or opioid use disorder among all women, pregnant women, and parenting women. These laws were, however, positively correlated with marijuana use and marijuana use disorder among all women and women with children. In addition, MMLs were associated with an increase in the frequency of opioid misuse for pregnant women and a decrease in the frequency of opioid misuse for parenting women. Conclusions This finding suggests that, although medical marijuana may be viewed by some as a substitute for opioid analgesics, MMLs may not be an effective policy tool to tackle the opioid epidemic among women, especially pregnant and parenting women.
GROWTH OF L FORMS OF STREPTOMYCIN-DEPENDENT PROTEUS MIRABILIS

Altenbern, Robert A. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.). Growth of L forms of streptomycin-dependent Proteus mirabilis. J. Bacteriol. 85:619–622. 1963.—A streptomycin-dependent mutant of Proteus mirabilis produces L forms on penicillin-containing medium when dihydrostreptomycin is also present. The 3A-type L form grows at maximal rate when the concentration of dihydrostreptomycin is between 10 and 50 μg/ml, whereas the 3B-type L form grows appreciably only at concentrations of dihydrostreptomycin of 500 μg/ml or more. These results strongly suggest that propagation of 3A-type L forms does not proceed through intermediate formation of a 3B-type L body. The low quantitative dihydrostreptomycin requirement for growth of the 3A-type L forms indicates an abnormal membrane as compared with the 3B-type L forms or the normal cells of this streptomycin-dependent mutant.
Linear Models for Spatial Data: Kriging

Just as data collected sequentially in time may be correlated, data collected at known locations in space may be correlated. For example, deposits of high-quality copper are more likely to occur near other high-quality deposits. The levels of lead contamination in the soil around a smelter are likely to be correlated. The prevalence of AIDS viewed geographically is correlated. There are innumerable situations in which data are collected at various locations in space and thus innumerable potential applications for methods of analysis for spatial data. One branch of statistics concerned with the analysis of such data is known as geostatistics. The practical application of geostatistics was developed in relative isolation from the mainstream of statistics. Not surprisingly, it uses some terminology that is unfamiliar to classically trained statisticians. David (1977) and Journel and Huijbregts (1978) give details of the geostatistical approach using geostatistical terminology. Ripley (1981) takes a point of view that is probably more familiar to most statisticians. He uses ideas of prediction for stochastic processes that are closely related to time series methods. Cressie (1993) gives an excellent presentation of both the theory and application of statistics for spatial data. Stein (1999) gives an excellent account of the theory. Isaaks and Srivastava (1989) give a relatively elementary introduction; see also Cliff and Ord (1981). In this chapter, we present both traditional and geostatistical terminologies.
Sam68 exerts separable effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis

The RNA-binding protein Sam68 has been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including transcription, RNA splicing and export, translation, signal transduction, cell cycle progression and replication of the human immunodeficiency virus and poliovirus. However, the precise impact it has on essential cellular functions remains largely obscure. In this report we show that conditional overexpression of Sam68 in fibroblasts results in both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle is associated with decreased levels of cyclins D1 and E RNA and protein, resulting in dramatically reduced Rb phosphorylation. Interestingly, cell cycle arrest does not require the specific RNA binding ability of Sam68. In marked contrast, induction of apoptosis by Sam68 absolutely requires a fully-functional RNA binding domain. Moreover, the anti-cancer agent trichostatin A potentiates Sam68-driven apoptosis. For the first time we have shown that Sam68, an RNA binding protein with multiple apparent functions, exerts functionally separable effects on cell proliferation and survival, dependent on its ability to bind specifically to RNA. These findings shed new light on the ability of signal transducing RNA binding proteins to influence essential cell function. Moreover, the ability of a class of anti-cancer therapeutics to modulate its ability to promote apoptosis suggests that Sam68 status may impact some cancer treatments.
Student learning outcomes associated with video vs. paper cases in a public health dentistry course

Educational technologies such as video cases can improve health professions student learning outcomes, but few studies in dentistry have evaluated video-based technologies. The goal of this study was to compare outcomes associated with video and paper cases used in an introductory public health dentistry course. This was a retrospective cohort study with a historical control group. Based on dual coding theory, the authors tested the hypotheses that dental students who received a video case (n=37) would report better affective, cognitive, and overall learning outcomes than students who received a paper case (n=75). One-way ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses across ten cognitive, two affective, and one general assessment measures (α=0.05). Students in the video group reported a significantly higher overall mean effectiveness score than students in the paper group (4.2 and 3.3, respectively; p<0.001). Video cases were also associated with significantly higher mean scores across the remaining twelve measures and were effective in helping students achieve cognitive (e.g., facilitating good discussions, identifying public health problems, realizing how health disparities might impact their future role as dentists) and affective (e.g., empathizing with vulnerable individuals, appreciating how health disparities impact real people) goals. Compared to paper cases, video cases significantly improved cognitive, affective, and overall learning outcomes for dental students.
Atitudes administrativas contemporâneas

finalidade deste artigo indicar que, alem da importânciatradicional que se da as questoes filosoficas e cientificas rela-tivas ao estudo da administracao e dos processos adminis-trativos, existe evidencia empirica de que os administradoresmodernos de qualquer cultura observam situacoes semelhan-tes de modo uniforme. Cada administrador tem que adotarcertas atitudes para orientar suas decisoes. Estas atitudespodem representar ou uma visao pessoal dos fatos, ou a natu-reza da adaptacao que o administrador faz a esses fatos. Naoobstante, o administrador as verbaliza e a identificacao dasmesmas deveria, portanto, constituir um primeiro passo paraa compreensao da acao administrativa.Esta premissa e verificada em duas novas direcoes que o es-tudo da administracao esta tomando. A primeira e bemrepresentada pelo trabalho de
Exploring Social Media for Health and Wellness: A Health Plan Case Study

The use of social media for health and wellness promotion is a relatively new concept. Nonetheless, several early adopting health plans and provider organizations have begun to design and pilot social and mobile media platforms to empower members to enhance self management of health and wellness goals. In this case study of a large health plan in Pennsylvania, the authors describe the design and execution of a member survey to identify some factors that are significantly associated with interest in adopting such technology platforms for obtaining health-related information and services. Analysis of relevant data from more than 4,000 responses indicates significant differences among important segments of the member population defined with respect to demographic factors, level of computer and social media usage, and frequency of engagement in specific online activities. They anticipate that these insights can assist health plans to develop and deploy targeted services and tools for health and wellness management.
Peroxisomal ABC transporters and diseases of peroxisome function and biogenesis. 608

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are members of a superfamily of membrane proteins involved in the transport of a variety of molecules across biological membranes. In eukaryotes, they are found either as complete transporters (e.g., the multidrug resistance [MDR1] and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator [CFTR] proteins) or as a half transporters which require dimerization to become functional (e.g., TAP1/TAP2 in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum).
Measurements of the perpendicular width of ionization-produced double layers

Measurements of the perpendicular (to B) double-layer widths of ionization-produced (anode) double layers are presented. These widths were determined from measurements of the double-layer charge separations. The variations of the transverse-to-B widths with plasma density and magnetic field strength are given. >
Direct observation of a local impurity induced valence transition

Abstract The local environment of As in SmS1−xAsx has been determined by EXAFS. The collapse of the six Sm neighbors from divalent to trivalent is directly observed. At low concentrations, the valence transitions is localized around each As ion, the host remaining divalent. At higher concentrations all Sm undergoes a transition to higher valence.
Biosynthesis of Covalently Bound Flavin: Isolation and in Vitro Flavinylation of the Monomeric Sarcosine Oxidase Apoprotein†

The covalently bound FAD in native monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX) is attached to the protein by a thioether bond between the 8α-methyl group of the flavin and Cys315. Large amounts of soluble apoenzyme are produced by controlled expression in a riboflavin-dependent Escherichia coli strain. A time-dependent increase in catalytic activity is observed upon incubation of apoMSOX with FAD, accompanied by the covalent incorporation of FAD to ∼80% of the level observed with the native enzyme. The spectral and catalytic properties of the reconstituted enzyme are otherwise indistinguishable from those of native MSOX. The reconstitution reaction exhibits apparent second-order kinetics (k = 139 M-1 min-1 at 23 °C) and is accompanied by the formation of a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen peroxide. A time-dependent reduction of FAD is observed when the reconstitution reaction is conducted under anaerobic conditions. The results provide definitive evidence for autoflavinylation in a reaction that proceeds via a re...
Global Signal Vulnerability (GSV) Analysis for Selective State Element Hardening in Modern Microprocessors

Global Signal Vulnerability (GSV) analysis is a novel method for assessing the susceptibility of modern microprocessor state elements to failures in the field of operation. In order to effectively allocate design for reliability resources, GSV analysis takes into account the high degree of architectural masking exhibited in modern microprocessors and ranks state elements accordingly. The novelty of this method lies in the way this ranking is computed. GSV analysis operates either at the Register Transfer (RT-) or at the Gate-Level, offering increased accuracy in contrast to methods which compute the architectural vulnerability of registers through high-level simulations on performance models. Moreover, it does not rely on extensive Statistical Fault Injection (SFI) campaigns and lengthy executions of workloads to completion in RT- or Gate-Level designs, which would make such analysis prohibitive. Instead, it monitors the behavior of key global microprocessor signals in response to a progressive stuck-at fault injection method during partial workload execution. Experimentation with the Scheduler and Reorder Buffer modules of an Alpha-like microprocessor and a modern Intel microprocessor corroborates that GSV analysis generates a near-optimal ranking, yet is several orders of magnitude faster than existing RT- or Gate-Level approaches.
Comment Did PATCO really lead to the British miners’ strike?*

Here Herbert Northrup Duncan Campbell discuss an article published in this Journal (Vol 17 No 2 Summer 1986)-the author subsequently responds to their comments.