cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Converting intermediate code to assembly code using declarative machine descriptions

Writing an optimizing back end is expensive, in part because it requires mastery of both a target machine and a compiler's internals. We separate these concerns by isolating target-machine knowledge in declarative machine descriptions. We then analyze these descriptions to automatically generate machine-specific components of the back end. In this work, we generate a recognizer; this component, which identifies register transfers that correspond to target-machine instructions, plays a key role in instruction selection in such compilers as vpo, gcc and Quick C–. We present analyses and transformations that address the major challenge in generating a recognizer: accounting for compile-time abstractions not present in a machine description, including variables, pseudo-registers, stack slots, and labels.
Clinical and immunomodulating effects of ketamine in horses with experimental endotoxemia.

Background: Ketamine has immunomodulating effects both in vitro and in vivo during experimental endotoxemia in humans, rodents, and dogs. Hypothesis: Subanesthetic doses of ketamine will attenuate the clinical and immunologic responses to experimental endotoxemia in horses. Animals: Nineteen healthy mares of various breeds. Methods: Experimental study. Horses were randomized into 2 groups: ketamine-treated horses (KET; n = 9) and saline-treated horses (SAL; n = 10). Both groups received 30 ng/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli, O55:B5) 1 hour after the start of a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine (KET) or physiologic saline (SAL). Clinical and hematological responses were documented and plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were quantified. Results: All horses safely completed the study. The KET group exhibited transient excitation during the ketamine loading infusion (P < .05) and 1 hour after discontinuation of administration (P < .05). Neutrophilic leukocytosis was greater in the KET group 8 and 24 hours after administration of LPS (P < .05). Minor perturbations of plasma biochemistry results were considered clinically insignificant. Plasma TNF-α and TXB2 production peaked 1.5 and 1 hours, respectively, after administration of LPS in both groups, but a significant difference between treatment groups was not demonstrated. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A subanesthetic ketamine CRI is well tolerated by horses. A significant effect on the clinical or immunologic response to LPS administration, as assessed by clinical observation, hematological parameters, and TNF-α and TXB2 production, was not identified in healthy horses with the subanesthetic dose of racemic ketamine utilized in this study.
Synaptic kainate currents reset interneuron firing phase.

Hippocampal interneuron activity has been linked to epileptogenesis, seizures and the oscillatory synaptic activity detected in behaving rats. Interneurons fire at specific times in the rhythmic cycles that comprise these oscillations; however, the mechanisms controlling these firing patterns remain unclear. We have examined the role of synaptic input in modulating the firing of spontaneously active rat hippocampal interneurons. We find that synaptic glutamate receptor currents of 20–30 pA increase instantaneous firing frequency and reset the phase of spontaneously firing CA1 stratum oriens interneurons. Kainate receptor (KAR)-mediated currents are particularly effective at producing this phase reset, while AMPA receptor currents are relatively ineffective. The efficacy of KAR-mediated currents is probably due to their 3-fold longer decay. Given the small amplitude of the currents needed for this phase reset, coincident activation of only a few KAR-containing synapses could synchronize firing in groups of interneurons. These data suggest that KARs are potent modulators of circuit behaviour and their activation alters hippocampal interneuron output.
A Value Exchange Model for the Channel of Distribution

The authors present a model for examining channel relationships, adapted from management theories, which holds promise as a means for quantifying and evaluating channel relationships on non-economic bases. The contribution of the social sciences is elaborated in counterpoint to the typical economic descrintion of these relationships. A process for measuring channel member perceptions is suggested.
Isothermal annealing of shocked zirconium: Stability of the two-phase α/ω microstructure

Abstract Under high pressure conditions, Zr undergoes a phase transformation from its ambient equilibrium hexagonal close packed α phase to hexagonal ω phase. Upon returning to ambient conditions, the material displays hysteretic behavior, retaining a significant amount of metastable ω phase. This study presents an in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of Zr samples shock-loaded to compressive peak stresses of 8 and 10.5 GPa and then annealed at temperatures of 443, 463, 483, and 503 K. The evolution of the α phase volume fraction was tracked quantitatively, and the dislocation densities in both phases were tracked qualitatively during annealing. Upon heating, the reverse transformation of ω → α does not go to completion, but instead reaches a new metastable state. The initial rate of transformation is faster at higher temperatures. Samples shock-loaded to higher peak pressures experienced higher initial transformation rates and more extensive transformation. Dislocation content in both phases was observed to be high in the as-shocked samples. Annealing the samples reduces the dislocation content in both phases, with the reduction being lesser in the ω phase, leading to the postulation that transformation from ω → α is restricted by the pinning effect of dislocation structures within the ω phase. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis affirmed that the expected ( 0 0 0 1 ) α ‖ ( 1 0 1 ‾ 1 ) ω and [ 1 0 1 ‾ 0 ] α ‖ [ 1 1 2 ‾ 3 ‾ ] ω orientation relationship is maintained during nucleation and growth of the α phase during the annealing.
The promises and pitfalls of leveraging mobile health technology for pain care.

Mobile health technology (mHealth) includes cell phones, smartphones, and wearable sensors that offer several putative advantages over customary approaches when generating and/or communicating personal data from patients with acute, cancer, and non-cancer pain. Due to their flexibility, simplicity, and increasing affordability, mHealth devices represent a new generation of tools with the potential to improve pain management by reliably and safely collecting pain, function, and activity data outside of the clinical setting and facilitate delivery of interventions (e.g., instruction in cognitive-behavioral methods of pain management). mHealth is defined as “handheld [or wearable] transmitting device[s] with multi-functional capabilities [that can be] used to store, transmit and receive health information and has user control over the access to the health information.” ⇓ The growing popularity of mobile devices among patients means that clinical data can be collected while patients engage in their usual daily activities. These data have substantial potential to impact patient care in a number of ways to include informing clinician decision-making for symptom management, promoting positive patient behavior change through real-time feedback, and providing supplemental data that enrich patient–provider communication. In the near future, collecting and sharing mHealth data between patients and multiple authorized stakeholders will produce new and perhaps revolutionary models of health care delivery including pain care ⇓. The promise of mHealth does not come without potential pitfalls. The design of mHealth devices may have significant effects on data quality and accuracy. Design issues are of particular concern for older patients as many experience functional (e.g., physical and cognitive) changes with age. Other considerations include the ways in which mHealth-derived data can be optimally presented to health care providers and caregivers, and protecting them from being overwhelmed by a sea of data. Indeed, a review of 111 pain apps for patient use (released on the market in …
Correspondence and metaphysics: Andrew Newman's the correspondence theory of truth

Andrew Newman's The Correspondence Theory of Truth is an extended presentation and defense of a correspondence theory of truth set out in the framework of metaphysics in the style of D. M. Armstron...
Alzheimer’s Disease: What Multiphoton Microscopy Teaches Us

A definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease depends on postmortem analysis of brain tissue bearing the pathological hallmarks of the disease: plaques and tangles. Imaging techniques that allow visualization and characterization of these lesions in living animals permit a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease as well as paradigms for preventing or reversing the deposits. Multiphoton microscopy uses near infrared light that is benign to living tissue and penetrates more deeply than visible or UV light, permitting high-resolution imaging of these microscopic structures deep within the cortex of living transgenic mice over time. This in vivo imaging approach allows direct examination of the natural history of plaques and evaluation of antiplaque therapeutics in mouse models of the disease.
The serotonin receptor subtype 2 locus HTR2 is on human chromosome 13 near genes for esterase D and retinoblastoma-1 and on mouse chromosome 14.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) functions as a neurotransmitter and a hormone. Its diverse actions are mediated by at least seven distinct cell surface receptor subtypes. The serotonin receptor subtype 2 (gene symbolHTR2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor, expressed primarily in the cerebral cortex, where upon stimulation it stimulates the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids. We have mapped theHTR2 locus to human chromosome 13 and to mouse chromosome 14 by somatic cell hybrid analysis. Linkage studies in CEPH families, using a PvuII RFLP detected with the HTR2 probe, revealed tight linkage betweenHTR2 andESD, the locus for esterase D. The most likely position forHTR2 is betweenESD andRB1, the retinoblastoma-1 gene. The homologous loci in mouse,Rb-1 andEsd(Es-10) are on mouse chromosome 14, close toag, agitans, a recessive neurological mutation. Having mappedHtr-2 to mouse chromosome 14, we predict that it falls into this known conserved gene cluster.
Improved image guidance of coronary stent deployment

Accurate placement and expansion of coronary stents is hindered by the fact that most stents are only slightly radiopaque, and hence difficult to see in a typical coronary x-rays. We propose a new technique for improved image guidance of multiple coronary stents deployment using layer decomposition of cine x-ray images of stented coronary arteries. Layer decomposition models the cone-beam x-ray projections through the chest as a set of superposed layers moving with translation, rotation, and scaling. Radiopaque markers affixed to the guidewire or delivery balloon provide a trackable feature so that the correct vessel motion can be measured for layer decomposition. In addition to the time- averaged layer image, we also derive a background-subtracted image sequence which removes moving background structures. Layer decomposition of contrast-free vessels can be used to guide placement of multiple stents and to assess uniformity of stent expansion. Layer decomposition of contrast-filled vessels can be used to measure residual stenosis to determine the adequacy of stent expansion. We demonstrate that layer decomposition of a clinical cine x-ray image sequence greatly improves the visibility of a previously deployed stent. We show that layer decomposition of contrast-filled vessels removes background structures and reduces noise.
Obesity and endometrial cancer survival: a systematic review

Although it is known that obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer and is linked to higher mortality rates in the general population, the association between obesity and mortality among endometrial cancer survivors is unclear. We performed a medline search using exploded Mesh keywords ‘endometrial neoplasms/’ and (‘body mass index/’ or ‘obesity/’) and (‘survival analysis/’ or ‘mortality/’ or (survivor* or survival*).mp.). We also inspected bibliographies of relevant papers to identify related publications. Our search criteria yielded 74 studies, 12 of which met inclusion criteria. Four of the included studies reported a statistically or marginally significant association between obesity and higher all cause mortality among endometrial cancer survivors after multivariate adjustment. The suggestive association between body mass index and higher all cause mortality among women with endometrial cancer was comparable to the magnitude of association reported in prospective studies of healthy women. Of the five studies that examined progression-free survival and the two studies reporting on disease-specific mortality, none reported an association with obesity. Future studies are needed to understand disease-specific mortality, the importance of obesity-onset timing and whether mechanisms of obesity-related mortality in this population of women differ from those of the general population.
Growing with Inclusion: A Personal Reflection

January 1992 began a very significant year for me. I was finishing graduate school, watching my own child flourish in kindergarten, and beginning a new job at the Child Development Laboratory at the University of Illinois. Along with the advent of new co-workers, new professional challenges, and the opportunity to apply the theories I had embraced in my studies to real life situations, came something else new: mandates to implement practices of inclusion. This would mean gaining specificknowledge of the law, as well as gearing up mentally, physically, and environmentally (classroom and playground) for James,3 a child with significant hearing impairment, who was about to enter my classroom. While this seemed to be a landmark event for my staff and me, we all had some degree of nervousness about the extra time and care this child would require. Being experienced teachers we acknowledged that we had surely worked with children at varying levels of ability and development for many years, and that this particular child was a 4-year-old. We were, after all, experts on 4-year-olds, were we not? We wondered about our own abilities as we searched the sandbox for buried hearing aids and struggled with issues of how to help James grow into age-appropriate social and negotiation skills. Lunchtime tried our patience daily as we endured plate-throwing tantrums. We had to learn that the ceiling fans above the tables were a constant irritant and the sound of crunching raw carrots was unbearable with new hearing aids. We patted ourselves on the back as we saw our encouragement of James's independence and self-help
Asymptotics of eigenprojections of correlation matrices with some applications in principal components analysis

SUMMARY The asymptotic distribution of an eigenprojection for a sample correlation matrix is obtained. In particular, it is shown that the rank of the asymptotic covariance matrix depends on distributional parameters in a somewhat complicated manner. The results obtained in this paper can be used to determine this rank. Some applications of the asymptotic distribution of these eigenprojections to inferential problems involving principal components subspaces are given. Many statistical applications involve the analysis of a sample covariance matrix or sample correlation matrix. As a result of the complexity of the exact joint distribution of the elements of these matrices, most of these applications utilise the corresponding asymptotic distributions. Since the asymptotic distribution for the sample covariance matrix is somewhat simpler than that of the sample correlation matrix, covariance-matrix based analyses have received more attention in the literature. Unfortunately, in practice, analyses based on correlation matrices are more prevalent than those based on covariance matrices. As a result, in those situations in which correlation-matrix based procedures have not yet been developed, practitioners will often use procedures that have been developed for a corresponding analysis based on a sample covariance matrix. This results in a procedure which, at best, can only be described as a crude approximation. In this paper, we review some of the asymptotic properties of the sample correlation matrix. In particular, we give the asymptotic distribution of eigenprojections computed from the sample correlation matrix. The associated asymptotic covariance matrix of this distribution is obtained and its rank is determined. Throughout this paper, we focus on the sample correlation matrix computed from the usual sample covariance matrix. However, it should be noted that the asymptotic results obtained can be easily generalised to the correlation matrix computed from any asymptotically normal estimate of the covariance matrix. We also consider some applications which utilise eigenprojections of correlation matrices; these are some inference problems in a principal components analysis of a correlation matrix. In some of these situations, straightforward generalisations of the covariance-matrix based test statistics are not possible because of some complications associated with the rank of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the eigenprojections. In these cases,
Drag Reduction of Solid-Liquid Suspensions in Pipe Flow

WHEN the pressure drop of a fluid-additive system in conduit flow is less than that of the fluid alone at the same volumetric flow rate, drag reduction is said to occur.
SOME REMARKS ON STAR OPERATIONS AND THE CLASS GROUP

Let D be an integral domain. In the first section we prove two theorems about star operations. In the second section we investigate when the condition If is principal, for I a divisorial ideal of D and f a nonzero principal prime of D, implies that I is principal. Our main result is that for any integral domain D and multiplicatively closed subset S of D generated by nonzero principal primes, the natural homomorphisms Pic(D)→Pic(Ds) and Clt(D)→Clt(Ds) are each injective. We give examples to show that these maps need not be surjective.
Sickle cell-hemoglobin E disease: clinical findings and implications.

1. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Takaishi M. Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children, 1965. Part I, part II. Arch Dis Child 1966;41:454-71,613-35. 2. Food and Nutrition Board, Commission on Life Sciences. Recommended dietary allowances. 10th ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1989. 3. Berg K. Nutrition of children with reduced physical activity due to cerebral palsy. Nutr Diet 1973;19:12-20. 4. American Dietetic Association. Infant and child nutrition: concerns regarding the developmentally disabled. J Am Diet Assoc 1981;78:443-52. 5. Tolman KG, Jubiz W, Sanella J J, et al. Osteomalacia associated with anticonvulsant drug therapy in mentally retarded children. Pediatrics 1975;56:45-51. 6. Bandini LG, Schoeller DA, Fukagawa NK, Wykes L J, Dietz WH. Body composition and energy expenditure in adolescents with cerebral palsy or myelodysplasia. Pediatr Res 1991;29: 70-7. 7. Culley W J, Middleton TO. Caloric requirements of mentally retarded children with and without motor dysfunction. J PEDIATR 1969;75:380-4.
Machine classification of melanoma and nevi from skin lesions

We describe a method using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify and diagnose skin biopsies from patients as either melanoma or nevi based on H&E stained histological slides alone. Our method differs from other approaches to digital melanoma diagnoses in using the histology slide, not digital clinical pictures of the patients' skin to make the classification. Using only the histological criterion of irregularities in the nucleus, our best SVM utilizes nucleus perimeter/area ratio and nucleus major/minor axis ratio as features to give a classification accuracy of 90%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 75%, (at magnification of 400 times) in our data set. The performance is remarkable given a dermatological pathologist typically examines a plethora of features to make a diagnosis. Our SVM in conjunction with clinical digital diagnoses systems could reduce the number of missed melanoma diagnoses.
QCD at the Z0

Abstract A brief overview is given of some of the main results of tests of QCD to date in e+e− annihilation experiments. Those essential features of QCD which remain to be demonstrated experimentally are outlined, and the stage is set for the results to be presented at this conference from the LEP experiments.
Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Gene Polymorphisms on Patients With Congestive Heart Failure

Background—Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is known to be elevated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Two biallelic polymorphisms have been identified in the TNF gene locus: one in the promoter region of TNF-α (TNFA1/2), and the other in the first intron of TNF-β (TNFB1/2). Both TNFA2 and TNFB2 alleles are associated with high TNF-α production in vitro and susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Given the importance of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of CHF, we studied the prevalence of TNF gene polymorphisms in CHF patients and the correlation of genotypes to in vivo TNF-α levels. Methods and Results—TNFA and TNFB genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. There were no differences in the TNF allele frequencies between CHF (n=229; TNFA1/2=0.84/0.16, TNFB1/2=0.33/0.67) and control subjects (n=139; TNFA1/2=0.84/0.16, TNFB1/2=0.32/0.68). In 211 patients with CHF, circulating levels of TNF-α and the soluble receptors type I and type...
Presenting features of breast cancer differ by molecular subtype.

Gene expression profiling of breast cancers identifies distinct molecular subtypes that affect prognosis. Our goal was to determine whether presenting features of tumors differ among molecular subtypes. Subtypes were classified by immunohistochemical surrogates as luminal A (estrogen receptor [ER] and/or progesterone receptor [PR] positive, HER-2−), luminal B (ER and/or PR+, HER-2+), HER-2 (ER and PR−, HER-2+), or basal (ER, PR, HER-2−). Data were obtained from an established, registered database of patients with invasive breast cancer treated at our institution between January 1998 and June 2007. A total of 6,072 tumors were classifiable into molecular subtypes. The χ2 test, analysis of variance, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine associations between subtype and clinicopathologic variables. The distribution of subtypes was luminal A, 71%; luminal B, 8%; HER-2, 6%; and basal, 15%. Marked differences in age, tumor size, extent of lymph node involvement, nuclear grade, multicentric/multifocal disease, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and extensive intraductal component were observed among subtypes. When compared with luminal A tumors, those overexpressing HER-2 (luminal B, HER-2) were significantly more likely to manifest nodal involvement, multifocal, extensive intraductal component, and LVI (P < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, after controlling for patient age, tumor size, LVI, and nuclear grade, HER-2 subtype tumors were 2.0 times more likely to have four or more metastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.0001) and 1.6 times more likely to have multifocal disease (P < 0.0001) compared with patients with luminal A. Tumor presentation varies among molecular subtypes; this information may be useful in selecting local therapy. Neoadjuvant therapy and lymph nodes evaluation before surgery or neoadjuvant therapy are likely to be beneficial in HER-2-overexpressing tumors.
Hydrogen embrittlement of yttrium

Abstract The mechanical properties of yttrium containing 0.23, 5.03, 11.7 and 16.3 at.% H were investigated from 78 to 473 K. Hydrogen caused strengthening at temperatures below about 295 K. Furthermore, anomalous behavior of both the strain-hardening exponent and the strain rate sensitivity parameter occurred at this temperature when hydrogen was added to yttrium. Sharp ductile-to-brittle transitions were observed in the material containing 11.7 and 16.3 at.% H. Supporting evidence and experimental results are presented which show that hydrogen in solution can embrittle yttrium.
Using personal scalings on life event inventories to predict dysphoria.

Abstract The predictive ability of subjective weights of life events was examined. The focus of this study was the event ‘doing very poorly on an important exam.’ Two days before taking their midterm in an introductory psychology class, 164 students rated 120 life events as to the degree of negative impact on their life they believed the event did have (if it previously occurred) or would have (if it had not occurred). The subjects also filled out the Depressive Adjective Checklist (DACL) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). One week later, on the day the grades were returned to the students, the second testing session was held. One hundred thiry-two subjects returned to again complete the two measures of depression. Thirty-three of the students were identified as having experienced the event. The results of a hierarchical multiple regression showed that the subjective rating of negative impact was a significant predictor of post-exam DACL scores but not post-exam BDI scores. Previous experience with ...
Extracellular ATP shows synergistic enhancement of DNA synthesis when combined with agents that are active in wound healing or as neurotransmitters.

Abstract The polypeptides PDGF, TGFα, and EGF have previously been shown by others to stimulate proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes in the process of wound healing. Here we demonstrate that extracellular ATP, ADP or AMPPNP caused synergistic enhancement of DNA synthesis in 3T6 mouse fibroblasts and BALB MK keratinocytes when combined with any of the above polypeptides. TGFβ showed synergistic stimulation with ATP in fibroblasts but it inhibited keratinocytes. ATP acted as a mitogen for NIE-115 neuroblastoma cultures. In 3T6 cells, ATP stimulated thymidine incorporation in combination with carbachol or norepinephrine. The effect of carbachol was sensitive to atropine. We suggest that extracellular ATP and ADP may play a physiological role in wound healing and as a mitogenic neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
Real-time spatio-temporal analysis of West Nile virus using Twitter data

West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most geographically widespread arboviruses in the world with cases occurring on all continents except Antarctica. The goal of study is to understand a real-time spatial temporal WNV activity using Twitter data. In our study, we collected tweets for the entire world using Twitter Search API with tags #WestNileVirus, and #WNV from August 31, 2011. Collected tweets were stored, cleaned, and geocoded. The Google API was used to display information on the web. The changes per week showed that the numbers were relatively high from August through October then gradually slowed down from December through March. We also found a very large increase in tweet numbers from March and April. This may be due to unusual higher temperature and mosquito activities in March and April this year compared to previous years.
Cytological studies of muscle dedifferentiation and differentiation during limb regeneration of the newt Triturus

During limb regeneration of the newt Triturus, muscle first dedifferentiates giving rise to mesenchymal cells which, subsequently, differentiate to reform normal muscle. In dedifferentiating muscle, myofibrils and elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum decrease gradually in number. Myofilaments become less distinct and seem to be supplanted by zones of amorphous material. Large masses of glycogen accumulate in dedifferentiating cells and mitochondria show a transient enlargement. In the later stages of dedifferentiation, glycogen decreases in amount while cytoplasmic ribosomes and cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum appear. Mesenchymal cells are formed by disappearance of all traces of myofilaments, by further elaboration of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and increase in number of Golgi complexes. During the earliest stages of differentiation, muscle has less endoplasmic reticulum and many more free ribosomes which occur in clusters or linear chains. Thin (−70 A) and thick (−135 A) filaments appear in the cytoplasm, often in association with ribosomal olusters, and shortly thereafter aggregate into small fibrils. In early fibrils, the thin filaments overlap the thick to produce I and A bands and the free ends of the thin filaments converge and cross to mark the site of the Z line. Fibrils enlarge by addition of filaments along their sides and at their ends. In larger fibrils, the H band and M line are apparent. Initially, the transverse tubular system develops by the confluence of vesicular inpocketings of the surface plasma membrane. The smooth sarcoplasmic reticulum is continuous with rough-surfaced membranous cisternae. Some of the smooth tubules, probably sarcoplasmic reticulum, contain intracisternal masses of dense granular material and are situated adjacent to the Z line. When dense material occurs in the membranous structures, material of similar density and texture appears within the adjacent Z line. Normal muscle fibers are formed by fusion of myoblasts, increase in number and size of myofibrils, organization of transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum into triads, loss of ribosomes, and appearance of glycogen.
The induction and detection of diploid spermatozoa in Gallus domesticus.

Abstract Colcemid at the dose level of 0.37 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally to 3 sexually active chicken males for 3 consecutive days. 10–12 days after the first colcemid injection, 14–25% of the sperm population in the semen samples from the treated males was found to be diploid in DNA content by flow microfluorometric analysis. Cytogeneic and developmental analyses on early embryos indicate that, during the process of spermatogenesis, the male germ cells are most susceptible to colcemid treatment 1-–12 days prior to the maturationn of the spermatozoa which is equivalent to the primary through secondary spermatocyte stages in chicken males. By the application of an extremely unequal chromosomal translocation as a cytological marker of parentage, it is confirmed that the diploid sperm induced are capable of uniting with a normal haploid or diploid egg to produce a triploid or tetraploid zygote.
Cavity nucleation and growth in an Al-Si-Ge alloy

The ductile fracture of Al-Si-Ge alloys occurs by the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of cavities. Since the ductility may be increased if the onset of cavity nucleation is delayed, it is important to study the parameters controlling cavity nucleation. The objective of this study was to investigate cavity nucleation and growth associated with spherical SiGe precipitates that are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than previously studied and to analyze the results quantitatively using only experimentally determined cavity nucleation parameters and finite element calculations.
Presurgical Transarterial Chemoembolization Does Not Increase Biliary Stricture Incidence in Orthotopic Liver Transplant Patients

Abstract Introduction The goal of this study was to compare the incidence of biliary strictures in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) patients treated with previous transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus those with no TACE history. Patients and Methods A single-center retrospective review was performed on 248 patients who underwent OLT from 2006 to 2012. Patient demographic characteristics, history of TACE for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, OLT data, and biliary stricture data were obtained. TACE was generally performed in a segmental manner using chemotherapy to ethiodized oil mixture (1:1). Clinically significant biliary strictures resulting in cholestasis or obstructive jaundice were diagnosed by using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Group characteristics were compared by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ 2 analysis, and Kaplan-Meier statistics with log-rank comparison. Results Forty-six patients (35 men, 11 women; median age, 58 years) with a history of pre-OLT TACE were compared with 185 patients (111 men, 74 women; median age, 54 years) with no history of TACE. TACE and non-TACE patients had 30% and 31% cumulative incidence of biliary stricture, respectively. The median time to stricture was not reached in either group. There was no statistically significant difference in biliary stricture incidence ( P = .928) or time to biliary stricture development ( P = .803). Biliary strictures were primarily anastomotic in location in both groups: 79% in TACE patients and 84% in non-TACE patients ( P = .233). Conclusions Selective TACE treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in pretransplant patients does not increase the rate of posttransplant biliary strictures. These findings corroborate the safety of TACE in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in potential OLT patients as a bridge to transplantation.
Reflections of a gay male psychotherapist

Issues of diversity and multiculturalism are typically framed and conceptualized in terms of client characteristics. This is reflected in the literature on competent and ethical treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. However, when it comes to personal characteristics of the therapists involved, little has been written, save the obvious proscriptions against personal bias and misinformation in conducting psychotherapy. This article represents the personal reflections and feelings of a European American gay male psychologist with 30 years' experience working with the LGBT community. Intersections of sexual orientation and gender identity with race/ethnicity, age, health factors, and socioeconomic status are explored as the effects of therapist characteristics on the therapeutic process are considered. Observations about client differences, as well as therapist differences, are made in such a way that the reader might extrapolate to his or her own practice.
Lundberg-Palmgren Fatigue Theory: Considerations of Failure Stress and Stressed Volume

Load ratings and fatigue life prediction of rolling bearings is based on the Lundberg-Palmgren theory first published in Sweden in 1947. The basic equation of this theory includes the stressed volume of material in the bearing raceway subsurfaces as a major parameter. This volume of material is simplistically determined to have a nearly rectangular subsurface cross-sectional area bounded by the length of the maximum contact area ellipse and the depth at which the maximum failure-causing stress occurs. The latter stress is assumed to be effective over this area. In fact, a distribution of stress occurs, and in this investigation it is demonstrated that the subsurface volume with a potential for fatigue cracking is substantially different from that used by Lundberg and Palmgren. This difference in volume, particularly in the presence of surface shear stresses, can have a profound effect on the method and prediction of bearing fatigue lives.
Interactions Between Molecules in Solid Hydrogen

The interactions between molecules in solid ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ are discussed with emphasis on those features which are of importance for the orientational properties. It is shown that pseudo-three-body interactions split by 0.1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ the rotational levels of a pair of $J=1$ molecules which are degenerate when only pairwise interactions are considered. The dielectric screening of quadrupole interactions due to these terms is also estimated. The static and dynamic renormalizations of the electric quadrupole-quadrupole interaction constant $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ due to phonon interactions are studied using the theory of quantum crystals and treating the dynamical interaction between phonons and rotations perturbatively. For ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ in the fcc phase, a reduction in $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ of about 12% is found therefrom, where as in the dilute $J=1$ solid practically no renormalization is expected. By comparing the author's calculations with experimental data, it is infered that perhaps the static renormalization has been underestimated as a result of the crude description of the phonon modes. However, the differing renormalizations for the dilute and concentrated $J=1$ systems are confirmed by experiment. Finally, the indirect interaction between distant $J=1$ molecules analogous to the Suhl-Nakamura interaction is discussed. It is shown that the NMR ${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ data place a bound on this interaction which can only be understood using rather small values of certain intermolecular interaction coefficients which are renormalized to take account of short-range correlations. Harmonic renormalization leads to anomalously large indirect interactions in disagreement with ${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ data.
Acanthosis nigricans, insulin action, and hyperandrogenism : clinical, histological, and biochemical findings

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a frequent clinical finding in hyperandrogenic women. Its presence has been used to subgroup such women. We performed this study in order to determine the actual histological prevalence of AN and its relationship to sex hormone levels and insulin action. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal was determined by the euglycemic clamp technique, and neck or axillary skin biopsies were graded blind for the presence and severity of AN in lean and obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and in age- and weight-matched normal ovulatory controls. AN was present on clinical examination in 11 of 13 obese PCO, 3 of 6 lean PCO, 4 of 14 obese normal, and 0 of 4 lean normal women. AN was present on histological examination in 13 of 13 obese PCO, 5 of 6 lean PCO, 13 of 14 obese normal, and 1 of 4 lean normal women. The severity of histological AN was most highly correlated with insulin-mediated glucose disposal (r = -0.61; P less than 0.001) rather than fasting (r = 0.46; P less than 0.05) or glucose-stimulated insulin levels (r = 0.48; P less than 0.01). The only sex steroid correlated with histological AN was dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (r = 0.46; P less than 0.01). We conclude that 1) clinical skin examination was very insensitive for detecting AN; 2) the best biochemical correlate of histological AN was decreased insulin action, rather than insulin or androgen levels per se; and 3) AN is a very common epiphenomenon of insulin resistance, and its clinical presence should not be used as a criterion for stratifying hyperandrogenic women.
Development of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier: changes in phospholipid head groups and fatty acid composition of intestinal microvillus membranes from newborn and adult rats.

ABSTRACT: Phospholipids in microvillus membrane (MVM) prepared from the proximal small intestine of newborn (less than 24 h of age) and adult rats were characterized to determine if differences in composition existed. Our hypothesis is that developmental differences in composition of the MVM may account for mucosal barrier differences to microorganisms and antigens during the perinatal period. Lipid analysis showed that both cholesterol and total phospholipids, per mg of membrane protein, were much higher in the newborn MVM than the adult, but the molar ratio of these two lipid classes remained unchanged. Increased phosphatidylcholine and decreased phosphatidylinositol levels were found in the new-born MVM compared to the adult. In addition, the major difference in fatty acid composition of total lipid extracts and three major membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol appeared to be an increased ratio of palmitate (16:0) to stearate (18:0) and of oleate (18:1) to linoleate (18:2) in the newborn. These data suggest that changes in the proportion of phospholipid polar head groups and fatty acyl groups as well as changes in the amount of total phospholipids and cholesterol exist in the newborn MVM. These observations are consistent with differences in MVM fluidity previously noted and may help explain the increased uptake of antigens and other mucosal barrier defects in the newborn intestine.
Effect of manganese and other heavy metals on submerged citric acid fermentation of molasses

The addition of as little as 2 ppb of manganese to ferrocyanide-treated beet molasses during citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger NRC A-1-233 caused a 10% reduction in acid yield and undesirable change in the morphology of the organism from the normal pelletlike form to the filamentous from. Still smaller additions (0.4-2ppb) caused undesirable pellet clumping, while greater additions (2-100 ppb) gave further decreases in yield. The yield obtained at 100 ppb was less than 25% of that obtained at 1 ppb or less. None of the other metals tested (Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) visibly changed pellet morphology, and only Al3+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ at relatively higher concentrations (5–25ppm) reduced acid yield. The adverse effect of manganese on growth and acid production was not affected by addition of the other metals.
Reduction of Dopamine Synaptic Activity : Degradation of 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalization in Rats

Vocal deficits are prevalent and debilitating in Parkinson's disease. These deficits may be related to the initial pathology of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and resulting dopamine depletion, which contributes to dysfunction of fine motor control in multiple functions. Although vocalization in animals and humans may differ in many respects, we evaluated complex (50-kHz) ultrasonic mate calls in 2 rat models of Parkinson's disease, including unilateral infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine to the medial forebrain bundle and peripheral administration of a nonakinesia dose of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol. We examined the effects of these treatments on multiple aspects of the acoustic signal. The number of trill-like (frequency modulated) 50-kHz calls was significantly reduced, and appeared to be replaced by simpler (flat) calls. The bandwidth and maximum intensity of simple and frequency-modulated calls were significantly decreased, but call duration was not. Our findings suggest that the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway is involved to some extent in fine sensorimotor function that includes USV production and complexity.
In-house documentation in a small college

Canisius College is a private, Jesuit college with about 2,500 day students and 2,000 evening students. There is one computer center serving both academic and administrative needs with a staff of 19 people. As a functional unit within the Computer Center, User Services consists of a manager, two programmer analysts, and a documentation librarian. We are responsible for three supervised public computing sites; an Apple lab, an IBM lab, and the main computing lab which contains Apples, IBM PCs and VAX terminals. There are two non-staffed public computing sites containing VAX terminals. To staff the labs, there is a minimum of 10 student consultants and about 35 site operators reporting to the Public Site Coordinator, a graduate assistant position usually filled by an MBA student.The staff of User Services supports instructional and research computing as well as administrative uses of microcomputers. We don't have the luxury to specialize in a particular type of computer, software, or user. Each of us needs to be familiar with much of the supported software and be ready to answer those quick questions from a variety of sources. Often, a well-written handout is the fastest and most effective way of doing this. A well-written handout is one you give to a person and you don't see that person again to explain the handout. This paper will describe the methods by which we develop, catalogue, and distribute what are hopefully well-written handouts.Documentation can be formal or informal. We are all familiar with the following scenario. Someone asks you a question. You go through the procedure with them and accomplish the task at hand. But for that person to perform this procedure on their own, the next day or a few months from now, what was done needs to be written down or, if appropriate, pointed out in the manual. The most accurate instructions are written as you work through the procedure, not after the procedure is done.But every question and every procedure can not become a formal document. So what should be documented? Obviously, handouts that address frequently asked questions are worthwhile and handouts that introduce new capabilities or methods to the user are valuable. Start with the application packages that are in heaviest use on your campus.The most common type of document is designed to get a person started on a software package. It provides the basics: how to start up the package, how to enter information, how to load, save and print the document or file. It does not cover more advanced topics
Nitrogen cycling between sediment and the shallow-water column in the transition zone of the Potomac River and Estuary. II. The role of wind-driven resuspension and adsorbed ammonium

Abstract During periods of sediment resuspension, desorption of ammonium from sediment solids can be the major pathway for enriching the water column with the ammonium that is produced by bacterial degradation of organic matter in the bottom material. This hyopthesis is based on a three-year study of diffusive flux in the transition zone of the Potomac River at a site 35 m from the Virginia shore where the average water-column depth is approximately 1 m over sandy sediment. A diffusion-controlled sampler was used to collect water samples at the interface between the water column and sediment and at several tens of centimeters into the sediment. Interstitial water concentration gradients showed that diffusive flux of ammonium from the sandy shallow-water sediments was approximately 1% of the diffusive flux of ammonium from the silty channel sediments in the same zone of the Potomac River. Organic nitrogen and bound or adsorbed ammonium were the predominant nitrogen forms in the sediment. Adsorbed ammonium concentrations ranged from nondetectable to 3·7 μmol g −1 of sediment. Concentrations of adsorbed ammonium per gram of sediment were one to three orders of magnitude more than interstitial water ammonium concentrations. Desorption of ammonium from sediment solids appeared to be the controlling factor in the degree of water-column ammonium enrichment. In laboratory experiments that simulated sediment resuspension, 40–80% of the adsorbed ammonium predicted to desorb did so after approximately 30 min of mixing. Based on calculations for 1 m 2 to a depth of 4 cm, one resuspenion event lasting minutes could mix more ammonium into the water column from desorption of ammonium from sediment solids than could be delivered to the water column by diffusive flux from shallow-water sediments in 10–1000 days and would be comparable to enrichment by ammonium diffusive flux for 5–50 days from channel sediments in the same river zone.