cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aggression in toddlers: Responses to the assertive acts of boys and girls

Forty-eight toddler boys and girls, 18 to 36 months of age, were observed in play groups. The assertive acts of each child and the responses of peers and teachers were recorded. The most common type of assertion for both groups was grab or take objects, then hit, and then verbal assault. Boys produced more assertive acts than did girls. Girls' assertive acts were ignored significantly more than boys. Boys responded more to the acts of other boys than to the acts of girls, while girls responded more equally to the assertive acts of boys and girls. Hitting and taking objects received similar responses from peers. Responses to assertive acts are seen as information sources for the assertive child. The higher response rate to boys' acts informs the child that this kind of behavior will produce an effect in his world, while the lack of response to girls' acts suggest the opposite to girls.
Induction of hapten-specific tolerance of human CD8+ urushiol (poison ivy)-reactive T lymphocytes.

The interaction of CD28 with B7 molecules (CD80 or CD86) is an essential second signal for both the activation of CD4+ T cells through the T-cell receptor and the prevention of anergy. We studied the requirement of hapten-specific human CDS+ cells for CD28 co-stimulation in recognition of hapten, and anergy induction. Urushiol, the immunogenic hapten of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), elicits a predominantly CD8+ T-cell response. Autologous PBMC were pre-incubated with Urushiol prior to fixation by paraformaldehyde. Fixed antigen-presenting cells were unable to present urushiol to human CD8+ urushiol-specific T cells. Addition of anti-CD28, however, overcame this antigen-presenting defect, enabling CD8+ cells to proliferate. Fixation of antigen-presenting cells prevents upregulation of B7, and addition of antilCD28 substitutes for this signal. Proliferation of CD8+ T cells in response to urushiol was blocked by CTLA4Ig, a recombinant fusion protein that blocks CD28/B7 interactions. Preincubation of urushiol-specific CD8+ cells with fixed PBMC + urushiol for 7 d induced anergy. Anergic CD8+ cells were viable and able to proliferate in response to IL-2, but not in response to urushiol. Induction of anergy required the presence of urushiol, and pre-incubation with irradiated PBMC + urushiol did not have this effect. It is proposed that anergy was induced by presentation of urushiol by fixed PBMC, in the absence of adequate co-stimulation signals. Induction of anergy by blocking of co-stimulation could potentially induce clinical hyposensitization to haptens.
Spatial Segregation of Congeneric Invaders in Central Pennsylvania, USA

Carduus acanthoides and Carduus nutans (plumeless and musk thistles) are among the most noxious weeds in the United States of America, presenting a serious challenge in cropping and pasture systems. Unfortunately, a lack of detailed spatial distribution information hampers both our ability to understand the factors affecting their invasive success, and the effectiveness of monitoring and management efforts. To examine patterns of distribution and co-occurrence at a local level, we sampled a 5000 km2 area of central Pennsylvania that cut a transect across known areas of C. acanthoides and C. nutans infestation. A number of potential environmental explanatory variables were recorded and analyzed to examine whether they correlated with observed species distribution patterns. Patterns of forest density and spatial aggregation of the thistles were the primary covariates that significantly impacted both species’ distributions. The survey established that the frequency of sightings for each species diminished as the ranges converged, with only brief overlap: the two species are strongly negatively correlated in space. Understanding environmental correlates of infestation and the pattern of spatial dissociation of these two invasive species is an important step towards an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying their invasive potential, and hence towards effective weed control.
Fully ferrocenated hexanethiolate monolayer-protected gold clusters.

The synthesis and compositional analysis of four different gold clusters with protecting monolayers comprised solely of ferrocene hexanethiolate ligands is described. The gold nanoparticles have average core diameters of 1.4, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.2 nm with estimated average atom counts of 55, 140, 225, and 314 Au atoms and average monolayer coverages of 37, 39, 43, and 58 ferrocenated ligands, respectively. The data show unequivocally that the number of ferrocene hexanethiolate ligands bound to each core size is constrained by the steric requirements of the ferrocene head group; the ligand numbers are significantly smaller than those for hexanethiolate ligands bonded to analogous-sized Au cores. Voltammetry of dilute solutions of these nanoparticles shows a large ferrocene oxidation wave and, at more negative potentials, smaller one-electron waves for the quantized double-layer charging of the Au cores. Together, the ferrocenes and core of the ferrocenated Au314 nanoparticle deliver 60 electrons at the ferroce...
Examining the Agreement of Direct Behavior Ratings and Systematic Direct Observation Data for On-Task and Disruptive Behavior.

The purpose of this study was to replicate previous findings indicating a moderate association between teacher perceptions of behavior as measured by direct behavior ratings (DBRs) and systematic d...
A new battery testing facility

Abstract The reliability of any telecommunications network ultimately depends on the battery. Since no single battery technology satisfies all applications, it is most important that Telecom Australia has adequate means to assess the technical merits of various batteries that might be used in the network. This paper describes the development and commissioning of a new, versatile, ‘universal’ battery-testing facility that is capable of performance evaluation of virtually any battery technology likely to be of interest to Telecom Australia now, or in the foreseeable future.
Changes in CS students' sttitudes towards CS over time: an examination of gender differences

Few women major in Computer Science (CS), which creates a serious bottleneck of women qualified to enter into the CS workforce. To address this bottleneck, this study examines gender issues in CS education. We assessed whether gender differences in CS students' stereotypes of CS and attitudes towards CS classes and the CS program remain stable from one semester to the next. We found that gender differences in CS students are not temporally stable and conclude that one-time assessments of gender differences may lead to erroneous conclusions. We also found that concerns about future work-family conflicts and gender issues in the CS program (e.g., female CS students feeling that they are not being taken as seriously as male CS students) emerged as important concerns for female CS students.0The implications of these findings for increasing the representation of women in CS are discussed.
TEXTILE, TOURISM AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Abstract In Oaxaca, Mexico, the Zapotec Indian treadle loom industry is celebrated as a positive model of indigenously managed development. While the villages involved in production have experienced successes, many challenges remain. Here the relationships of weavers in two villages are compared and emphasis is placed on growing economic and social difference among merchants, independent weavers, and contract weavers. Conclusions from this discussion suggest that the development of indigenously based management often brings increased economic success for some local producers. However, the assumption that success will be generalized to the community at large is often unfounded. Rather, economic achievements by merchants and some independent producers often exacerbate socioeconomic inequality.
Differences in BOLD Responses to Intragastrically Infused Glucose and Saccharin in Rats

The postingestive effect is different between caloric and noncaloric sweeteners. The gut administration of glucose induces a preference for flavored water which is paired with the intragastric infusion of glucose. However, a comparison of the brain response to the gut glucose and saccharin stimuli still remains to be demonstrated. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal response to gut glucose and saccharin in the brain of conscious rats. Glucose induced a positive signal increase in the amygdala and nucleus accumben, both of which receive dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area. In contrast, saccharin administration did not activate these areas. Both glucose and saccharin increased the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal intensity in the insular cortex and the nucleus of the solitary tract. These results show that there were significant differences between postinges tive glucose and saccharin-induced increases in the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in rats. Together with previous findings, these results suggest distinct activation patterns in the brain for both glucose and saccharin, which is partially due to different changes of internal signals, including the blood glucose and insulin levels.
The apparent explosion moment: Inferences of volumetric moment due to source medium damage by underground nuclear explosions

[1] Classical explosion source theory relates isotropic seismic moment to the steady state level of the reduced displacement potential. The theoretical isotropic moment for an incompressible source region Mt is proportional to cavity volume Vc created by pressurization of materials around the point of energy release. Source medium damage due to nonlinear deformations caused by the explosion will also induce volume change Vd and radiate seismic waves as volumetric, double-couple, and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) body force systems. A new source model is presented where K is a relative measure of moment MCLVD with respect to the net moment from volumetric sources Vc and Vd. K values from moment tensor inversions steadily decrease from ∼2.5 at lower yields to ∼1.0 for the highest-yield shots on Pahute Mesa. A value of 1.0 implies MCLVD = 0 and, by inference, small Vd. We hypothesize that the extent to which damage adds (or subtracts) volumetric moment is controlled by material properties and dynamics of stress wave rebound, shock wave interactions with the free surface, gravitational unloading, and slapdown of spalled near-surface layers. This hypothesis is tested by comparing measurements of isotropic moment I with estimates of Mt based on Vc scaling relationships and velocity-density models. The results support the hypothesis and the conclusion that I represents the “apparent explosion moment” since it has contributions from direct effects due to cavity formation and indirect effects due to material damage. Implications for yield estimation using I are discussed in general and for the North Korean tests.
Interpolative multidimensional scaling techniques for the identification of clusters in very large sequence sets

Modern pyrosequencing techniques make it possible to study complex bacterial populations, such as 16S rRNA, directly from environmental or clinical samples without the need for laboratory purification. Alignment of sequences across the resultant large data sets (100,000+ sequences) is of particular interest for the purpose of identifying potential gene clusters and families, but such analysis represents a daunting computational task. The aim of this work is the development of an efficient pipeline for the clustering of large sequence read sets. Pairwise alignment techniques are used here to calculate genetic distances between sequence pairs. These methods are pleasingly parallel and have been shown to more accurately reflect accurate genetic distances in highly variable regions of rRNA genes than do traditional multiple sequence alignment (MSA) approaches. By utilizing Needleman-Wunsch (NW) pairwise alignment in conjunction with novel implementations of interpolative multidimensional scaling (MDS), we have developed an effective method for visualizing massive biosequence data sets and quickly identifying potential gene clusters. This study demonstrates the use of interpolative MDS to obtain clustering results that are qualitatively similar to those obtained through full MDS, but with substantial cost savings. In particular, the wall clock time required to cluster a set of 100,000 sequences has been reduced from seven hours to less than one hour through the use of interpolative MDS. Although work remains to be done in selecting the optimal training set size for interpolative MDS, substantial computational cost savings will allow us to cluster much larger sequence sets in the future.
Differential Covariation in Taste Responsiveness to Bitter Stimuli in Rats

Variation exists in the sensitivity of individual rodents and humans to different bitter tastants. An absence of uniform correlation in responsiveness to different bitter substances across individuals within a species suggests heterogeneity in the mechanisms underlying stimulus processing within this taste modality. Here, we examined taste responsiveness of individual rats to three bitter compounds (quinine hydrochloride, denatonium benzoate, and cycloheximide) in short-term lick tests to determine the magnitude of covariation among responses to these stimuli and infer commonalities in their receptor and neural mechanisms. Rats were tested with a given pair of bitter stimuli during three sessions comprising randomized trial blocks of six concentrations of each stimulus + deionized water. Psychophysical functions were generated for individual rats for respective stimulus pairs, and concentrations of each stimulus that produced equivalent lick suppression relative to water were correlated across animals. Behavioral taste responsiveness to quinine hydrochloride strongly covaried with responsiveness to denatonium benzoate (r = +0.82). Lick responsiveness to quinine was less robustly correlated with that to cycloheximide (r = +0.44), and denatonium and cycloheximide responses failed to correlate. These results imply substantial overlap in the bitter taste coding mechanisms for quinine and denatonium but some degree of independence in the mechanisms responsible for gustatory processing of cycloheximide. More generally, these data reinforce the notion that bitter taste processing is not a homogeneous event.
Electoral Institutions, Ethnopolitical Cleavages, and Party Systems in Africa's Emerging Democracies

Do electoral institutions and ethnopolitical cleavages shape the structure (the fragmentation or concentration) of party systems separately or jointly? If they shape the structure of party systems jointly, how can this joint effect be theoretically specified and empirically tested? If ethnopolitical groups and associated ethnopolitical cleavages are not primordially fixed but constructed in the course of social, economic, and political interactions, as the accumulated findings of over three decades of comparative research on ethnopolitics attest, how can constructed ethnopolitical groups be specified and associated eth
The correction of severe varus deformity in total knee arthroplasty by tibial component downsizing and resection of uncapped proximal medial bone.

The clinical and radiologic outcome of 10 patients (12 knees) with a mean varus deformity of 24° (range, 20° to 40°) treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is presented. We describe a technique of downsizing and lateralizing the tibial component with subsequent removal of the proximal medial tibia flush with the downsized component. At a mean follow-up of 42 months (range, 12 to 64 months), the mean preoperative Knee Society and function scores had improved from 24 and 34 to 94 and 85, respectively, at follow-up. No implant has been revised. At follow-up evaluation, no evidence of osteolysis or radiographic loosening was seen and the mean tibiofemoral angle was 4° of valgus. This technique provides mid-term stable correction and excellent clinical and radiographic results in patients with severe varus deformity.
Laryngeal advancement surgery improves swallowing function in a reversible equine dysphagia model.

Summary Reasons for performing study Pharyngeal dysphagia is a debilitating, sometimes fatal condition in horses, with multiple aetiologies. The pathophysiology is complex and not fully understood. Treatment is largely supportive. Laryngeal advancement surgery may diminish symptoms of dysphagia and improve swallowing in affected horses. Objectives 1) to induce reversible moderate and marked pharyngeal dysphagia by regional anaesthesia of branches of the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) and hypoglossal (XII) nerves; 2) to characterise the dysphagia produced by each model; and 3) to determine whether laryngeal advancement surgery improves swallowing in these models. Study design Experimental design using 6 adult horses. Methods Two dysphagia models were produced by blocking IX, the pharyngeal branch of X and XII unilaterally (moderate model) and only the pharyngeal branch of X bilaterally (marked model) within the guttural pouches. Both models were performed on each horse before and after surgery in order to assess the effectiveness of the surgical procedure as a potential treatment for pharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia was scored by partly blinded observers on a scale of 0–12 based on observations of eating (nonblinded), endoscopic examinations and fluoroscopic swallowing (blinded), where 0 = normal swallow and 12 = severe dysphagia with tracheal aspiration. Data were analysed by 3-factor ANOVA, with significance taken as P<0.05. Results Dysphagia models were reversible, and horses swallowed normally within 3 h of model induction. The marked dysphagia model impaired movement of feed from the base of the tongue to the oesophagus and caused severe airway contamination. The average dysphagia score (mean ± s.d.) for the marked dysphagia model was 10.6 ± 1.1 before surgery and 6.1 ± 4.3 after surgery (P = 0.007). Laryngeal advancement surgery did not significantly improve the dysphagia scores in the moderate model (P = 0.5). Conclusions Laryngeal advancement surgery may improve swallowing and reduce aspiration in horses affected with diseases that cause pharyngeal dysphagia.
Terrain-based road vehicle localization using particle filters

This work develops a real-time algorithm to localize a vehicle in the direction of travel without the use of GPS. The inputs to the algorithm include a terrain map of road grade and pitch measurements from an in-vehicle pitch sensor. Localization is achieved in real-time using a particle filter described in detail in this work. Simulations and experiments at The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute test track are used to demonstrate the algorithm, observe the speed of convergence, and to determine key parameters for practical implementation. The results indicate that the method can quickly localize a vehicle with one-meter accuracy or better.
Comparison of three methods for 17α‐Hydroxyprogesterone

We compared the performance of three 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone kits: the double antibody method, the coated tube method (ACTIVE), both from Diagnostic Systems Laboratories, Inc. (DSL) and the coated tube method (COAT-A-COUNT) from Diagnostic Products Corporation (DPC). The assay performance of the two DSL kits was very similar in terms of sensitivity, intra- and inter-assay precision, linearity of dilution, recovery, and specificity. We also analyzed 190 samples for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone values using the above three kits. Twenty-three subjects were from prepubertal population (ages 1 month-13 years), thirty subjects were normal adult males (ages 20-53 years) and the remaining subjects were females in different phase of menstrual cycle (n = 40), on oral contraceptives (n = 20), post-menopausal (n = 17), or pregnant women in their first, second, or third trimester (n = 60). In addition to these 60 pregnancy samples, we analyzed serial samples from 3 pregnancies. 17 alpha-OHP levels paralleled the progesterone levels in all three kits. Although there was reasonable correlation between the DPC and the two DSL kits, the 17 alpha-OHP values were found to be significantly higher with DPC kit during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy indicating probable interference in the DPC assay by some structurally related steroids present during pregnancy. The DSL assays may be particularly well suited for measuring 17 alpha-OHP levels during pregnancy.
The Multivariate Analogue of JAN

The purpose of the univariate version of JAN (Judgement Analysis) is to take a situation in which judges are rating subjects on a single attribute and, through regression techniques, "capture" the policy of each judge and iteratively cluster the judges on the basis of policy similarity. The present paper extends this procedure to situations in which the judges rate the subjects on a multiplicity of attributes. Computational simplification is discussed, and a numerical example is given.
Public Assistance, Economic Prospect, and Happiness in Urban China

This article investigates the association between urban China’s primary public assistance program—the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee (MLG, or Dibao)—and recipients’ subjective well-being using the national China Household Income Project 2002 data. We use a propensity score matching method to address selection bias and a mediation modeling approach to explore the associational pathways between Dibao participation, economic prospect, and happiness. We find that Dibao recipients tended to be less optimistic about their economic prospect and less happy than their non-recipient peers of similar socio-demographic characteristics. The possible influence of Dibao participation on happiness was mediated by the projected lack of income increase in the next 5 years, but not by their views on societal income distribution and inequality. These findings call for future reforms of the urban Dibao to improve not only the economic conditions but also the subjective well-being of China’s urban poor.
Subset ARMA selection via the adaptive Lasso

Model selection is a critical aspect of subset autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) modelling. This is commonly done by subset selection methods, which may be computationally intensive and even impractical when the true ARMA orders of the underlying model are high. On the other hand, automatic variable selection methods based on regularization do not directly apply to this problem because the innovation process is latent. To solve this problem, we propose to identify the optimal subset ARMA model by fitting an adaptive Lasso regression of the time series on its lags and the lags of the residuals from a long autoregression fitted to the time series data, where the residuals serve as proxies for the innovations. We show that, under some mild regularity conditions, the proposed method enjoys the oracle properties so that the method identifies the correct subset model with probability approaching 1 with increasing sample size, and that the estimators of the nonzero coefficients are asymptotically normal with the limiting distribution the same as the case when the true zero coefficients are known a priori. We illustrate the new method with simulations and a real application.
Influence of Inoculation Dose, Inoculation Schedule, Chicken Age, and Host Genetics on Disease Susceptibility and Development of Resistance to Eimeria tenella Infection

SUMMARY. Various parasite- and host-related factors influencing disease susceptibility and development of protective immunity against Eimeria tenella infection were investigated in two inbred strains of chickens. Chickens that received a primary inoculation of 103, 104, or 105 oocysts showed a significant reduction in packed cell volume and produced significantly more oocysts than chickens inoculated with fewer oocysts. Younger chickens were as susceptible as older chickens to identical parasite doses. However, upon a secondary inoculation 5 weeks following primary inoculation, FP chickens 1 to 21 days old at the time of primary inoculation developed resistance to reinfection, whereas SC chickens less than 3 weeks old at the time of primary inoculation were highly susceptible to secondary infection. Flow cytometric analysis of spleen lymphocytes showed a substantial reduction in T-cell number in 1-day-old SC but not FP chickens. Furthermore, 1-week-old SC chickens showed depressed mitogenic responses to concanavalin A compared with 1-week-old FP chickens. There was no significant difference between SC and FP chickens in speen B-cell number, regardless of age.
Overview of the immune system

The immune system is designed to execute rapid, specific, and protective responses against foreign pathogens. To protect against the potentially harmful effects of autoreactive escapees that might arise during the course of the immune response, multiple tolerance checkpoints exist in both the primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Regardless, autoantibodies targeting neural antigens exist in multiple neurologic diseases. The goal of this introductory chapter is to provide a foundation of the major principles and components of the immune system as a framework to understanding autoimmunity and autoimmune neurologic disorders. A broad overview of: (1) innate mechanisms of immunity and their contribution in demyelinating diseases; (2) B and T lymphocytes as effector arms of the adaptive immune response and their contribution to the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases; and (3) emerging therapeutic modalities for treatment of autoimmune disease is provided.
Distribution and analysis of factors influencing three nitrogen compounds in groundwater of Huaibei Plain

Based on the measurements of three nitrogen compounds and other related indicators from 103 shallow groundwater samples taken in the area of the Huaibei Plain,the spatial distribution of the three nitrogen compounds,the source,and the formation mechanisms were revealed and their factors were analyzed.The results showed that the concentrations of the three nitrogen compounds in the shallow groundwater of the Huaibei Plain had increased year by year,and were inversely proportional to the depth of the water table.The concentrations of the three nitrogen compounds in the wet season were significantly greater than those in the dry season.Excessive use and washing away of agricultural nitrogen fertilizer was the main reason for higher nitrogen content in this area.In addition,the concentrations of the three nitrogen compounds were influenced by the unsaturated zone thickness,and the transformation direction and speed of the three nitrogen compounds were affected by the range of pH values and the level of dissolved oxygen. The high concentration of Fe2+ was one of the most important factors in the exceedence of the NO-2-N standard locally.
Nutritional assessment of Virgin Islands school children.

A group of 427 students on St. Thomas, Virgin Islands was studied to obtain baseline data on some anthropometric measures, biochemical values, food habits, and educational parameters. Body weight was similar for four-to-seven-year-old students. Nine per cent of the sample appeared to be excessively stout. The mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels exceeded "acceptable" ranges of the Ten-State Nutrition Survey. Differences were noted in the food habits of students in public vs. parochial schools and by birth place. The reasons for the differences were not determined. When comparisons were made with a previous survey of V.I. adolescents, mean intakes of the vegetable-fruit and meat groups were higher. A trend existed between poor academic achievement and low food score. The extent of the contribution of the various factors on the assessed status needs to be appraised.
Combined rhegmatogenous and traction detachment associated with vasoproliferative tumor secondary to sickle cell retinopathy

Abstract Purpose To report the surgical management of a combined rhegmatogenous and traction retinal detachment associated with a vasoproliferative tumor secondary to sickle cell retinopathy. Observations A 29 year old man from Ghana presented with unilateral vision loss, ischemic retina and sea fan neovascularization in both eyes and a retinal detachment nearby a vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) in the left eye. Hemoglobin electrophoresis led to the diagnosis of sickle cell disease. The patient underwent vitrectomy with scleral buckle surgery, resection of the tumor, and removal of subretinal membranes in the left eye. Laser photocoagulation was targeted to areas of ischemic retina in both eyes. Conclusions and Importance: To our knowledge, this is the first report of a combined rhegmatogenous and traction retinal detachment associated with a VPT in sickle cell retinopathy managed by modern vitrectomy techniques. Prompt recognition of the condition and surgical management addressing both rhegmatogenous and tractional components can lead to improved outcome.
Key agreement over wireless fading channels with an active attacker

The problem of establishing a key over a wireless fading channel in the presence of an active attacker is considered. A key agreement protocol that combines the existing source model approach and channel model approach is adopted. First, the attacker's optimal attack strategy for this protocol is characterized. Then, the rate of the key that can be generated under this attack strategy is quantified. It is shown that, unlike the corresponding situation in wireline communications, it is possible to establish a key in the presence of an active attacker in wireless fading channels.
Psychosocial Care for People With Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association

Complex environmental, social, behavioral, and emotional factors, known as psychosocial factors, influence living with diabetes, both type 1 and type 2, and achieving satisfactory medical outcomes and psychological well-being. Thus, individuals with diabetes and their families are challenged with complex, multifaceted issues when integrating diabetes care into daily life. To promote optimal medical outcomes and psychological well-being, patient-centered care is essential, defined as “providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions” (1). Practicing personalized, patient-centered psychosocial care requires that communications and interactions, problem identification, psychosocial screening, diagnostic evaluation, and intervention services take into account the context of the person with diabetes (PWD) and the values and preferences of the PWD. This article provides diabetes care providers with evidence-based guidelines for psychosocial assessment and care of PWD and their families. Recommendations are based on commonly used clinical models, expert consensus, and tested interventions, taking into account available resources, practice patterns, and practitioner burden. Consideration of life span and disease course factors (Fig. 1) is critical in the psychosocial care of PWD. This Position Statement focuses on the most common psychological factors affecting PWD, including diabetes distress and psychological comorbidities, while also considering the needs of special populations and the context of care. Figure 1 Psychosocial care for PWD: life and disease course perspectives. *With depressed mood, anxiety, or emotion and conduct disturbance. **Personality traits, coping style, maladaptive health behaviors, or stress-related physiological response. \***|Examples include changing schools, moving, job/occupational changes, marriage or divorce, or experiencing loss. #### Recommendations
Collective Remembering in Archaeology: a Relational Approach to Ancient Maya Memory

Drawing on a case study from the Maya site of Actuncan, Belize, this article presents collective remembering as a way to conceptualize the relational construction of memory by ancient societies. Emphasizing the process of remembering allows archaeologists to investigate how memory divides as well as unites. Over time, the interactions between humans and between humans and their landscape that take place as part of everyday life produce memories of the past that are inaccurate and inconsistent between individuals. In particular, people who interact frequently, either due to geographic proximity or similarity in socioeconomic status, tend to form mnemonic communities—communities based on a similar understanding of the past—that may serve as identity markers differentiating them from other groups. At Actuncan, the community’s past was collectively remembered across times of prosperity and subjugation. First, the site was a Late and Terminal Preclassic seat of an early divine king who built a monumental ceremonial center. Second, when the site was subjugated during the Early and Late Classic periods, the ceremonial center fell out of use, but the site’s commoner households remained continuously occupied. Finally, in the Terminal Classic period, the site’s residents reestablished Actuncan as a local seat of authority following the Classic Maya collapse. The community’s use of the Preclassic monumental core during the Terminal Classic period indicates that the memory of the site’s Preclassic apogee served to legitimize their Terminal Classic authority. However, the Preclassic past was remembered in a manner consistent with contemporaneous cultural forms and the site’s recent past of subjugation.
Overview of an Ontology-Based Approach for Kit Building Applications

The Agility Performance of Robotic Systems (APRS) project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is using Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies for modeling in a robotic kitting workstation. The new technical idea for the APRS project is to develop the measurement science in the form of an integrated agility framework enabling manufacturers to assess and assure the agility performance of their robot systems. This framework includes robot agility performance metrics, information models, test methods, and protocols. This paper focuses on the information models and describes how they are used to introduce robot agility for the kitting domain. OWL class model files are generated automatically from XML schema model files. Files of OWL instances conforming to an OWL class model are generated automatically from XML instance files by automatically built translators.
Measurement of gaseous and aqueous trace formaldehyde: Revisiting the pentanedione reaction and field applications

Abstract The measurement of atmospheric formaldehyde has been of interest to the corresponding author for the last two decades. The initial approach based on the Hantzsch reaction with 2,4-pentanedione (PD) and ammonium acetate was later abandoned in favor of 1,3-cyclohexanedione (CHD) as the β-diketone because of an order of magnitude better limits of detection (LOD). Subsequently, it was discovered that at very high H 2 O 2 to HCHO ratios, the CHD chemistry has a perceptible positive interference from H 2 O 2 . In this paper, we review techniques for the measurement of HCHO that have appeared since an account of a CHD-based instrument to measure HCHO was last published, outline our rationale to return to PD-based chemistry, and show that nearly equivalent LODs (16 nM aqueous, 3 pmol, 70 pptv gaseous) can be obtained with reagent components that are separated rather than a single mixed reagent in combination with a fluorescence detector that utilizes multiple high intensity light emitting diodes (LEDs) for excitation without the benefit of a Teflon AF based waveguide, the use of which has become more difficult due to legal restrictions. We present design and construction details of both a ground-based instrument and an instrument intended for aircraft use and provide illustrative field data for both.
A Techno-Economic Approach for Broadband Deployment in Underserved Areas

A large body of economic research has shown the strong correlation between broadband connectivity and economic productivity. These findings motivate government agencies such as the FCC in the US to provide incentives to services providers to deploy broadband infrastructure in unserved or underserved areas. In this paper, we describe a framework for identifying target areas for network infrastructure deployment. Our approach considers (i) infrastructure availability, (ii) user demographics, and (iii) deployment costs. We use multi-objective optimization to identify geographic areas that have the highest concentrations of un/underserved users and that can be upgraded at the lowest cost. To demonstrate the efficacy of our framework, we consider physical infrastructure and demographic data from the US and two different deployment cost models. Our results identify a list of counties that would be attractive targets for broadband deployment from both cost and impact perspectives. We conclude with discussion on the implications and broader applications of our framework.
Comparing Alternative Methods of Measuring Geographic Access to Health Services

Objective: This research compared alternative measures of geographic access to health care providers using different levels of spatial aggregation (county, zipcode and street) and different methods of calculating the cost of space (Euclidean distance, road distance and travel time).
High-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to modulate breast tissue biomarkers in premenopausal women at high risk for development of breast cancer.

1515 Background: We conducted a pilot study of high dose omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation in pre-menopausal women to determine if risk biomarkers for breast cancer in benign breast tissue sa...
Assessing Students’ Object-Oriented Programming Skills with Java: The “Department-Employee” Project

Java is arguably today’s most popular and widely used object-oriented programming language. Learning Java is a daunting task for students, and teaching it is a challenging undertaking for instructo...
In Operando Analysis of Diffusion in Porous Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts.

The potential to exert atomistic control over the structure of site-isolated catalyst sites, as well as the topology and chemical environment of interstitial pore spaces, has inspired efforts to apply porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts for fine chemical synthesis. In analogy to enzyme-catalyzed reactions, MOF catalysts have been proposed as platforms in which substrate confinement could be used to achieve chemo- and stereoselectivities that are orthogonal to solution-phase catalysts. In order to leverage the tunable pore topology of MOFs to impact catalyst selectivity, catalysis must proceed at interstitial catalyst sites, rather than at solvent-exposed interfacial sites. This Minireview addresses challenges inherent to interstitial MOF catalysis by 1) describing the diffusional processes available to sorbates in porous materials, 2) discussing critical factors that impact the diffusion rate of substrates in porous materials, and 3) presenting in operando experimental strategies to assess the relative rates of substrate diffusion and catalyst turnover in MOF catalysis. It is anticipated that the continued development of in operando tools to evaluate substrate diffusion in porous catalysts will advance the application of these materials in fine chemical synthesis.
Simulation tool to evaluate electronic consultations in rheumatology

Complex patients, limited specialists, and high demand create long referral queues ill-equipped to deliver timely quality care. One approach to reduce queue length is for specialists to review referrals through an electronic consultation (e-consult) and determine if 1) the patient requires a specialty appointment or 2) the primary care physician can continue care with the specialist’s recommendations. As inappropriate patients are removed from specialty queues, it is hypothesized that lead times will decrease and the system will be more efficient at delivering the right care to the right patient at the right time. A discrete-event simulation was built to estimate the impact e-consults have on Rheumatology clinics at Duke Health; specifically considering lead time, queue length, and specialists’ workload. This is an adaptable tool with visualizations for which any specialty clinic, each with its own complex challenges, could estimate the impact e-consults have on delivering quality care to referred patients.
Troubleshooting Challenges on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

This presentation provides a summary of troubleshooting efforts on the power interface of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during cryovac testing at Johnson Space Center (JSC). [Of special interest: OTIS (OTE (Optical Telescope Element) and ISIM (Integrated Science Instrument Module))].
Physical Intimate Partner Violence: Factors Related to Women’s Contact with Police

A study of 3,226 women asked if physical IPV (intimate partner violence), injury, concern for personal safety, and demographic characteristics affected their reporting of the IPV to police. Logisti...
Approach to a Child with Hemophilia B and Anaphylaxis to Factor IX

The development of inhibitory antibodies is the most challenging complication in the management of patients with hemophilia. Although much rarer than the occurrence of inhibitors in hemophilia A, the development of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia B can be complicated by anaphylactoid reactions. Immune tolerance therapy in patients with hemophilia B has a lower success rate than in patients with hemophilia B and can lead to the development of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
The saint and the caliph

This article focuses on two claims to religious authority: Muḥammad al-Mustanṣir’s proclamation as caliph and the canonisation of King Louis IX (r. 1226–1270). Christian royal sainthood and the Isl...
Toward Autonomous and Collaborative Information-Credibility-Assessment Systems

Abstract Online social networks (OSNs) typically promote information sharing and publicity without consideration of the nature of the content’s credibility and quality issues in created and shared content. OSNs have little interest in dealing with information accuracy because such tasks are resource and time consuming and might contradict or limit their main goal of promoting information sharing. Conversely, there are some websites that attempt to track accuracy, but they tend to use largely manual methods to evaluate contents. More importantly, do such efforts work? Here we propose a crowd-based collaborative model for information-credibility assessment. The model strikes a balance between social reach and the motivations to create more and more content on the one hand and quality and credibility in such content on the other, with assessment occurring through user credibility, a user’s own peers, and/or networks and content cited websites.
Comparison of coronary stenting and bypass grafting in patients of left ventricular dysfunction with coronary artery disease

Objective To compare the in-hospital and follow-up clinical results of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)in patients of left ventricular dysfunction with coronary artery disease.Methods 147 patients with left ventricular dysfunction were divided into PCI group(n=60)and CABG group(n=87).Clinical,angiographic and revascularization data were collected for analysis.Patients were by SPSS 13.0 software.P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results In-hospital MACCE rates and mortality ofthe two groups were comparable[(6.7%vs 9.2%,P＞0.05)and(1.7%vs 8.0%,P＞0.05)].Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that in-hospital MACCE risk of the two groups were similar(OR≥3.03,95%CI 0.27～34.48,P＞0.05).22-month follow-up showed no signficance in MACCE rates (16.0%vs 13.8%,P＞0.05)and in repeated revaseularization rates(8.O%vs 1.7%,P＞0.05)between the two groups.Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that follow-up MACCE risk of the two groups were comparable (HR≥1.35,95%C/0.44～4.13,P＞0.05).Conclusion In coronary artery disease patients with left ventricular dysfunction,PCI and CABG have similar in-hospital and long-tem MACCE rates.Long-terra effect of PCI would be further increased with the wide use of drug-eluting stents. Key words: Coronary stenting; Coronary artery bypass grafting; Left ventricular dysfunction; Prognosis
Model Studies for an Oceanographic Ship Derived From an Offshore Supply Vessel

During the last few years, a number of operators of oceanographic research ships have considered the Gulf Coast offshore-oil-well vessel type for possible conversion to a research vessel. Such a ship of 155-165 ft length offers a number of attractive features; chiefly, reduced operating costs, and space for mounting portable or interchangeable equipment. The vessel's principal disadvantages reputedly are limited stability and a lack of seakindliness. An investigation of such vessels has recently been conducted by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Department of Naval Architecture of the University of California. Model experiments were conducted to determine the resistance and powering characteristics, the motions in head seas, and rolling in beam seas. The transverse stability was computed for calm water and following seas. Four different hull forms were considered in these studies: (1) a typical 155-ft-long single-chine supply boat; (2) a round-bilge version of the same; (3) a single-chine design developed to overcome several of the suspected deficiencies of Form 1 while still retaining the principal proportions; and (4) an affine variation of Form 1 produced by multiplying transverse dimensions by 0.75 and increasing vertical dimensions by the same amount. It is concluded that the most serious deficiency of the vessel type is the tendency to slam in a head sea. This may limit the maximum speed in head seas. The small saving in resistance exhibited by both the narrower and round-bilge versions is insufficient to justify choosing either of these on this basis alone. In addition, both of these forms roll more severely than the two wide, single-chine forms. Finally, the increased freeboard of the third form results in an ample margin of stability. It is felt, therefore, that Form 3 provides a suitable basis for developing a research ship design.