cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of a Point Source Radiator Using Magnetic and Electric Probes and Application to Silicon Design of Clock Devices

A set of measurements has been performed on a test point source radiator. The near field, here assumed to be < 0.01 m, was measured with a near field scanning system using a simple magnetic loop probe and an electric field probe consisting of a small aperture truncated coax [1]. This paper develops the analysis of those measurements and shows that the two probes provide observation of specific components of the near radiated fields of a point source radiator when the magnetic component of the electric dipole equations and the electric component of the magnetic dipole equations are assumed to describe the radiation characteristics. This method of measurement and analysis is then applied to improving the RFI performance of a PC system clock device.
Counseling Psychology from Greyston to Atlanta On the Road to Armageddon

This article provides a brief description of the model for counseling psychology developed during the Greyston Conference of 1964 and compares the then state of the art with the current view from the Atlanta Conference. The thematic changes suggest that the shift of counseling psychology from its original roots in schools, colleges, and career development centers toward clinically oriented treatment embedded in a medical model may eliminate both our uniqueness and independent professional identity. It is further noted that such a shift is ironic, particularly in view of the growing body of developmental theory research and programs that form a substantive basis for the original Greyston model.
Examining Elementary School Science Achievement Gaps Using an Organizational and Leadership Perspective.

There is the tendency to explain away successful urban schools as indicative of the heroic efforts by a tireless individual, effectively blaming schools that underperform for a lack of grit and dedication. This study reports the development of a research instrument (School Science Infrastructure, or SSI) and then applying that tool to an investigation of equitable science performance by elementary schools. Our efforts to develop a science-specific instrument to explore associations between school-level variables and equitable science performance are informed by James Coleman's tripartite notion of social capital: the “wealth” of organizations is encompassed within their social norms, informational channels, and reciprocating relationships. Grounded in school effectiveness research and social capital theory, the instrument that we report on here is a valid and reliable tool to support meso-level investigations of factors contributing to school variations in science achievement.
Growth and Properties of PbTiO3/PLT Heterostructures

Ferroelectric superlattice structures composed of three-dimensionally epitaxial PbTiO{sub 3} and PLT thin films have been successfully grown on SrTiO{sub 3} substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The modulation structures were confirmed by {theta}-2{theta} XRD, and the excellent in-plane orientational relationship between the superlattice film and the substrate by (100), (110), and (111)-pole figures. The {phi}-scans through the (110) and (111) reflections were used as additional evidence for three-dimensional epitaxy. The substrate dependence of the epitaxial orientation of PLT and PbTiO{sub 3} single-layered thin films was investigated. PbTiO{sub 3} thin films with very high crystalline perfection can be successfully grown on KTaO{sub 3} substrates.
The Receiver of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirA Histidine Kinase Forms a Stable Interaction with VirG to Activate Virulence Gene Expression.

The plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens carries a virulence gene system that is required for the initiation of crown gall tumors on susceptible plants. Expression of the vir genes is activated by the VirA/VirG two component regulatory system. VirA is a histidine kinase which signals the presence of certain chemicals found at the site of a plant wound. The receiver domain located at its carboxyl terminus defines VirA as a hybrid histidine kinase. Here, we show that the VirA receiver can interacts with the DNA-binding domain of VirG. This finding supports the hypothesis that the receiver acts as a recruiting factor for VirG. In addition, we show that removal of the VirA receiver allowed vir gene expression in response to glucose in a dose dependent manner, indicating that the receiver controls VirG activation and suggesting that the supplementary ChvE-sugar signal increases this activity.
MATING PROPENSITY AND COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR IN SERIALLY BOTTLENECKED LINES OF THE HOUSEFLY.

The efficacy of bottlenecks to stimulate divergence in courtship behavior and consequent premating isolation was tested by serial founder-flush episodes of three sizes (one, four, or 16 pairs) on a population of houseflies established in the laboratory from a single field population. After the fifth founder-flush episode, intraline and interline crosses were performed to detect divergence in mating propensities and patterns of assortative mating. Videotapings of intraline courtships for the bottleneck lines and the control were evaluated for changes in courtship repertoire. All bottleneck lines showed significant divergence from the control in male and/or female mating propensity and in courtship behavior. Divergence from the control was bidirectional for both male and female mating propensities as well as for courtship element utilization. Out of 15 tests for assortative mating between bottleneck lines and between bottleneck lines and the control, only two cases of positive assortative mating and one case of negative assortative mating were detected. Because some bottleneck lines showed increased courtship element utilization and because decreased courtship utilization in some bottleneck lines was related to higher male mating success, the mechanisms behind the Kaneshiro model (which is based upon ancestral females discriminating against bottleneck males that had "lost" courtship elements) were not supported in general. A partitioning effect of the bottlenecks upon the intrinsic variation in the ancestral population for courtship pattern appeared to explain a large component of the directions of divergence from the control. Still, the pattern of divergence of some bottleneck lines apparently was not constrained by the intercorrelation structure of courtship behaviors detected in the control. Because previous studies showed that the bottleneck lines had rebounded from inbreeding depression to fitness levels of the control, this study documents nondebilitating differentiation in the courtship repertoire that can account for divergent mating propensities and premating isolation.
P216 Analysing the success rates of pleurodesis in patients admitted to an elective short stay ward

Introduction Pleural effusions are a common respiratory problem and account for 20,000 hospital episodes annually. 70% of patients need admission of 7 days or more (1). Treatment options include pleurodesis and long term indwelling pleural catheters (IPC)(2). Traditionally, management has involved recurrent lengthy hospital admissions which are both inconvenient for the patient and expensive. To reduce these problems, we admit patients to an elective short stay ward where they undergo pleurodesis and are discharged after 1–2 days. Aim To assess the effectiveness of pleurodesis in patients admitted to an elective short stay ward. Method We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients who were managed on an elective ward. A 12F Chest drain was inserted followed by administration of 4g sterile talc. Patients who did not re-attend with an effusion within in the following six months, or prior to dying were considered a success. Results During 2009–2010, 33 patients with an average age of 66.5 years underwent pleurodesis on the elective short stay ward. 23/33 patients did not re-attend with an effusion within six months (70%). However, 10 re-attended with a recurrent effusion despite talc (30%). Of these, 3 patients had trapped lung on their xray and 1 had a chylothorax. Both are reported causes of failure (2).Chest drains stayed in for 1–2 days, with an average inpatient stay of 2 days. 18/33 patients died within 3 months of admission (54%). Of the 10 that re-attended, 6 died within 3 months (60%). There were no complications resulting from this procedure. Conclusions Patients who are admitted to an elective short stay ward are managed safely and effectively. They require a shorter inpatient hospital stay which is cost-effective. Our results illustrate 70% of patients did not require an IPC but treatment with pleurodesis alone was sufficient to prevent re-attendances.Most patients do not require an acute hospital admission. Patients who do re-attend with a recurrent effusion due to trapped lung can be considered for IPC. References Hospital statistics for pleural effusion. DoH.2002–2003. (Accessed June 2013) www.rightdiagnosis.com/p/pleural_effusion/stats.htm. Roberts ME, Neville E et.al. BTS Pleural Disease Guideline. Management of a malignant pleural effusion: Thorax ;2010;65(2)
Multiple magnetic phases of La 2 CoMnO 6 − δ ( 0 δ 0 . 0 5 )

Transport and magnetic properties of polycrystalline ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{CoMnO}}_{6\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}},$ $0l~\ensuremath{\delta}l~0.05,$ have revealed the existence of two distinguishable monoclinic ferromagnetic phases separated by a two-phase domain $0.02l~\ensuremath{\delta}l~0.05$ and a pseudotetragonal $(c/al\sqrt{2})$ phase with $\ensuremath{\delta}g~0.05$ that was prepared at 600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. A nearly oxygen-stoichiometric sample having a magnetization $M(5\mathrm{K},50\mathrm{kOe})=5.78{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\mathrm{f}.\mathrm{u}.$ with a Curie temperature ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}226\mathrm{K}$ is identified as atomically ordered ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}{\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ containing about 1.8% antiferromagnetic spins at antisites. This ferromagnetic phase is an n-type polaronic conductor that progressively traps mobile electrons at the oxygen vacancies that introduced them on lowering the temperature. Although the x-ray-diffraction pattern can be indexed in orthorhombic (Pbnm) or monoclinic ${(P2}_{1}/n)$ symmetry with $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\approx}90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{},$ atomic order identifies the space group as ${P2}_{1}/n.$ A second monoclinic, ferromagnetic phase with ${T}_{c}l150\mathrm{K}$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approx}0.05$ has a large, positive thermoelectric power that increases progressively with decreasing temperature. Quenching a $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approx}0.02$ sample from 1350 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C into liquid ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ gave a single phase with ${T}_{c}=134\mathrm{K}$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approx}0.05.$ A sample with $\ensuremath{\delta}g~0.05$ that was synthesized at 600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C was pseudotetragonal $(c/al\sqrt{2})$ and had a paramagnetic Weiss constant $\ensuremath{\theta}l{T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}225\mathrm{K}$ as well as a significantly smaller magnetization, but its magnetization curve $M(T)$ showed no evidence of spin-glass behavior; its large, positive thermoelectric power was characteristic of polaronic conduction without trapping of mobile charge carriers at lower temperatures. Interpretation of the two phases with $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approx}0.05$ is based on the hypothesis that introduction of high-spin ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ by the oxygen vacancies creates around it additional ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ and intermediate-spin ${\mathrm{Co}}^{3+}$ at neighboring sites; the resulting gain in elastic energy from cooperative, dynamic Jahn-Teller deformations at these ions must be sufficient to overcome the cost of about 0.2 eV for the electron transfer from a ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}\mathrm{ion}$ to a ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}\mathrm{ion}.$
Spontaneous pseudoaneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery

A 57-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer presented to otolaryngology for evaluation of a pea-sized asymptomatic left neck mass. Flexible laryngoscopy showed no abnormalities, but MRI of the neck with contrast showed a left carotid space mass measuring 1.3 × 1.2 × 1.6 cm. Differential diagnosis was reported as schwannoma, lymph node, or paraganglioma. High-resolution duplex carotid ultrasonography showed to-and-fro flow in the left mid-internal carotid artery (ICA) suggestive of a pseudoaneurysm (Panel A). A definitive tract could not be appreciated by Doppler imaging, likely due to the posterior location of the pseudoaneurysm neck behind the active chamber. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the brain confirmed the diagnosis (Panel B) and an intimal defect was noted intraoperatively. Complete resection of the pseudoaneurysm was performed with end-to-end anastomosis (Panel C). Pathology was consistent with aneurysmal dilatation of an elastic-transitional-type artery with degenerative changes. The patient is doing well on aspirin 81 mg daily at the 1-year follow-up. Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare, with an incidence of 0.5–1%,1 and pseudoaneurysms of cervical ICAs are even rarer.2 They commonly occur as a result of trauma, deep neck space infections or atherosclerosis.3 Other less Images in vascular medicine
GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects and the Early Stages of Massive Star Formation

Large-scale Spitzer surveys of the Galactic plane have yielded a new tracer of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) that are actively accreting and driving outflows: extended emission in the IRAC 4.5 μm band, believed to arise from shocked molecular gas. The GLIMPSE catalog of extended 4.5 μm sources (called EGOs, Extended Green Objects, for the common coding of 3-color IRAC images) is a unique sample, well-suited for studying the initial stages of massive star formation and establishing an observation-based MYSO evolutionary sequence. In this proceeding, we present results from extensive recent high-resolution Submillimeter Array (SMA) and Very Large Array (VLA) observations of EGOs at cm-mm wavelengths, including maser, molecular line, and continuum studies. These observations often reveal (proto)clusters that exhibit chemical and evolutionary diversity.
Long-Term Maintenance of Physical Function in Older Adults Following a DVD-Delivered Exercise Intervention

Previous evidence suggests physical activity interventions effectively produce short-term improvements in physical function for older adults. The present study examined whether improvements in physical function after a DVD-delivered exercise intervention were maintained 18 months postintervention. Older adults (n = 153) randomized to a 6-month DVD-delivered exercise intervention or an attentional control condition were contacted 18 months postintervention. Participants completed the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and measures of flexibility, strength, and functional limitations were taken. Analyses of variance were conducted to determine if improvements in physical function as a result of the intervention were maintained at follow-up. Improvements in the SPPB, F (1,125) = 3.70, p = .06, η2 = .03, and upper body strength, F (1,121) = 3.04, p = .08, η2 = .03 were maintained for the intervention condition. Home-based DVD exercise training interventions may hold promise for long-term maintenance of physical function in older adults.
Effects of hormonal therapies and dietary soy phytoestrogens on vaginal cytology in surgically postmenopausal macaques

Objective To evaluate the effects of conjugated equine estrogens, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), conjugated equine estrogens combined with MPA, tamoxifen, and soybean estrogens on vaginal cytology in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ). Design Randomized long-term experimental trial. Setting Cytologic samples were taken from animals in two long-term randomized studies of the effects of hormonal and dietary effects on atherosclerosis. Patients Surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques. Interventions Conjugated equine estrogens, MPA, conjugated equine estrogens combined with MPA, tamoxifen, and soybean estrogens were given via the diet, at doses scaled from those given to women. Main Outcome Measure Vaginal cytologic maturation index. Results Conjugated equine estrogens elicited a marked maturation effect, which was antagonized partially by the addition of MPA. Tamoxifen produced a lesser estrogenic response. The cytologic pattern in animals given soybean estrogens or MPA alone did not differ from that of controls. Conclusion Soybean estrogens at the doses given do not exert an estrogenic effect on the vagina of macaques. Conjugated equine estrogens are potent inducers of vaginal keratinization in this model; tamoxifen has a lesser effect. Medroxyprogesterone acetate partially antagonizes the effects of conjugated equine estrogens, and has no effect when given alone. The results support the possibility that soybean estrogens may be a "tissue-selective" estrogen with minimal effects on the reproductive tract.
Role of Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine in Clinical Research

During the past century, transfusion services, blood banks, blood centers and departments of transfusion medicine have provided an infrastructure that has proved to be a productive environment for clinical research. The ready availability of blood specimens from normal donors and transfused patients has provided a fertile substrate for investigating clinical immunology, transfusion-transmitted infection, cell survival and trafficking, and structure/function relationships of cell surface molecules. Technologies designed to collect, store and modify human blood components for therapeutic purposes have led to numerous basic and clinical insights as well as to an impressive catalog of novel biologics. Therapeutic transfusion of blood and removal of selected components have permitted studies of physiology and pathology in humans that could not otherwise have been performed. The development of large databases of donor characteristics and repositories of specimens from matched blood donors and recipients, along with high-throughput molecular technologies, provide both ethical challenges and additional opportunities for the clinical investigator. Blood banks and transfusion services have made numerous contributions to basic science, clinical research, and public health. The potential exists to use these facilities to address a number of the health challenges of the 21st century.
Estrogen Effects on Hippocampal Synapses

Abstract Estrogens dynamically remodel rodent hippocampal dendritic spine synapses through cooperation between pre- and postsynaptic cellular compartments. This “estrogen-privilege” of females is established early in development and persists until menopause. As this chapter summarizes, our studies using immunoelectron microscopic approaches have provided insight into the mechanisms of this process. In particular, estrogens can affect presynaptic proteins (e.g. synaptophysin and syntaxin), glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, and neurotrophic proteins in the presynaptic compartment and postsynaptic proteins (e.g. spinophilin and PSD95), glutamatergic, GABAergic, and peptidergic receptors in the postsynaptic compartment. Moreover, estrogen receptors and associated signaling molecules are strategically positioned to modulate these proteins and receptors. As the hormonal milieu across the lifespan changes, the effect of estrogens on pre- and postsynaptic compartments also is modified. These changes over the life cycle could alter synaptic efficacy, synaptic structure, and network properties that could ultimately impact behavior.
The effect of border sprays and between‐row soil tillage on Drosophila suzukii in organic blackberry production

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a major pest of soft-skinned fruit. Females have an enlarged serrated ovipositor that is used to cut into ripening fruit and lay their eggs. Larvae develop inside infested fruit, rendering fruit unmarketable. Previous research has indicated that D. suzukii can move from adjacent woodlands into cultivated fields. Furthermore, multiple generations can occur in a single season as a result of fallen, infested fruit in the fields. Our hypothesis was that border sprays and soil tillage of field aisles can reduce D. suzukii presence in commercial blackberry fields (Rubus spp.). To test our hypothesis, we conducted split-plot field trials in organic blackberry fields for 3 and 4 weeks in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Treatments were border sprays (whole plot, pyrethrins + azadirachtin) and tillage (subplot, ~15 cm). We evaluated adult D. suzukii in both years and berry infestation and natural enemies in 2015 only. We found that plots with border treatments had fewer D. suzukii (larvae and adults) than plots without border sprays. Tilling the soil between rows of blackberry bushes did not have a significant effect on adult captures or larval infestation of fruit. Natural enemies were unaffected by the border spray and tillage treatments. Our results confirmed our hypothesis that border sprays can be utilized to reduce populations of D. suzukii in organic blackberry fields, while maintaining populations of natural enemies. However, the effect of soil tillage is unclear and requires further investigation. Additional research should investigate the timing of border sprays and their effect on high infestations of D. suzukii as well as quantify fruit fall and depth of burial to reduce D. suzukii emergence using soil tillage.
Multipath diversity and channel estimation using time-varying chirps in CDMA systems with unknown CSI

In this paper, we propose the use of wideband chirp signals in modulation schemes that combine multiuser detection with multipath diversity in frequency selective fading channels with known channel state information (CSI). We achieve this by appropriately designing the chirp parameters. For channels with unknown CSI, we also show that good channel estimation can be obtained, even in fast varying channels, with reduced interference by transmitting pilot chirp signals simultaneously with the users information.
Clinical significance of trisomy 8 that emerges during therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is defined by t(9;22)(q34;q11), a genetic abnormality producing BCR-ABL1 fusion on derivative chromosome 22.1 At cytogenetic level, t(9;22)(q34;q11) is the sole abnormality in over 90% of patients in chronic phase (CP). As the disease progresses to accelerated phase (AP) and blast phase (BP), clonal evolution occurs commonly with the emergence of additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACAs). Approximately 30% of patients with CML-AP and 70–80% of patients with CML-BP have ACAs.2, 3, 4 Among various ACAs, trisomy 8 (+8) and an extra copy of philadelphia chromosome (Ph) are most common.5, 6 Different ACAs have been shown to be associated with different impact on treatment response and survival. Some ACAs are associated with disease progression and treatment resistance, whereas others may simply reflect the genetic instability induced by continuous activation of BCR-ABL1.6, 7, 8 In addition, the interval from initial diagnosis of CML to emergence of ACAs may also be important as the same ACA can have differential impact on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment and prognosis when it emerges at the time of initial CML diagnosis versus during therapy.6 In the recently updated World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for AP of CML, any new clonal chromosomal abnormality in t(9;22) positive cells that occurs during therapy is considered as a criterion for AP.9
Understanding Latino Students' Schooling Experiences: The Relevance of Skin Color Among Mexican and Puerto Rican High School Students

Background/Context: For the last 40 years, researchers have posited competing theories regarding the relative influence of social class background and racial-group membership on the school experiences, academic performance, behavior, and motivation of ethnic minority students. The general purpose of these competing theories has been to explain why ethnic minority students fail or succeed in schools. Many of these theories consider factors inside the school and the child’s family, culture, racial/ethnic group affiliation, and responses to school. These theories are commonly situated into three categories of thought: cultural deprivation, cultural difference/discontinuity, and cultural ecology. Each theory juxtaposes dimensions of race as a significant variable, but each has omitted the meaning of race/ ethnicity as internally and externally constructed, particularly among Latino groups. Focus of Study: The study focused on discerning (1) how the students defined their own racial/ethnic identification and how they perceived that others defined them; (2) how they discussed the opportunities available for the social group with which they identified and the social group with which they believed others situated them; and (3) how the students’ academic orientation (which reflected their educational and occupational aspirations, participation in cocurricular activities, and accommodation to schooling norms) related to their experiences of racial and ethnic identification and their perceptions of opportunity. Population: Interviews were conducted with 17 high school students. The students ranged from Grade 9 to Grade 12. In addition, students identified as Mexican or Puerto Rican. Research Design: Qualitative interviews were conducted at three data points with
Control of low-inertia AC microgrids

Low-inertia AC microgrids are a collection of heterogeneous renewable-energy resources and energy-storage devices (such as photovoltaic arrays, batteries, fuel cells) that are interfaced to a distribution system through power-electronic inverters. In this work, we focus on islanded microgrids that are controlled and operated independently from the bulk power system. Such systems are envisioned to play a key role in increasing electricity access in unserved (and under served) portions of the world; as well as in applications such as disaster relief. Voltage source inverters play the role of the energy-conversion interface between low-inertia DC-energy resources and the AC electrical network in such systems. (See Fig. 1.)
Molecular Recognition by Cesium Tetrabenzo-24-Crown-8

Two crystal structures of cesium tetrabenzo-24-crown-8 complexes are reported. Solvent molecules 4-methylmorpholine (1) and ethylene glycol (2) are observed to coordinate cesium within two clefts created by the cation–crown ether complex. Careful examination of the structures suggests that while both complexes exhibit sterically crowded clefts, the binding of cesium to the crown ether is perturbed only in 2. C—H...π hydrogen bonding is observed between the clefts and the included guests. The ethylene glycol complex 2 forms a complex O—H...O hydrogen bond network between free and bound glycol and nitrate.
Abstract 019: Real-World Use of Sacubitril/ Valsartan in Heart Failure in the First Year Following FDA Approval

Background: In July 2015, the FDA approved the use of sacubitril/ valsartan in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction. It was shown in a large clinical trial to reduce the r...
From the Literature on Teaching and Learning Statistics

This column features "bits" of information sampled from a variety of sources that may be of interest to teachers of statistics. Deb abstracts information from the literature on teaching and learning statistics, while Bill summarizes articles from the news and other media that may be used with students to provoke discussions or serve as a basis for classroom activities or student projects. Bill's contributions are derived from Chance News (http://www.dartmouth.edu/∼chance/chance_news/news.html). Like Chance News, Bill's contributions are freely redistributable under the terms of the GNU General Public License (http://gnu.via.ecp.fr/copyleft/gpl.html), as published by the Free Software Foundation. We realize that due to limitations in the literature we have access to and time to review, we may overlook some potential articles for this column, and therefore encourage you to send us your reviews and suggestions for abstracts.
Is Discussion an Exchange of Ideas? On Education, Money, and Speech

Money talks, talk is cheap, and ideas are exchanged in marketplaces as part of the knowledge economy. According to the Supreme Court of the United States, exchanging money is actually a kind of speech. This paper examines philosophical arguments undergirding the connection between speech and money, which is so prevalent in the public sphere, from an educational point of view. H ow do we learn the link between speech and money? As educators and researchers, what do we do and say that shores up this connection, and--as we may be inclined--are there things we can do or say to loosen it? Looking closely at the philosophical and educational literatures on classroom discussion and how discussion is cast as an exchange, this paper takes a Marxian approach to economic imaginaries of language in educational discourse.
Computing in the Real World Is the Grandest of Challenges

Cyber-physical systems are no longer a sideline for computing—they are a core concern for computer scientists and engineers.
Decreasing Wait Times and Increasing Patient Satisfaction: A Lean Six Sigma Approach.

BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction scores in the vascular interventional radiology department were low, especially related to wait times in registration and for tests/treatments, with low scores for intentions to recommend. PURPOSE The purpose of our quality improvement project was to decrease wait times and improve patient satisfaction using Lean Six Sigma's define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC) framework with a pre-/postintervention design. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in wait times (P < .0019) and an increase in patient satisfaction scores in 3 areas: registration wait times (from 17 to 99 percentiles), test/treatment (from 19 to 60 percentiles), and likelihood to recommend (from 6 to 97 percentiles). CONCLUSIONS Lean Six Sigma was an effective framework for use in decreasing wait times and improving patient satisfaction.
Some Hope for Choice of Law in Minnesota

In March of 1994, the Minnesota Supreme Court issued a noteworthy opinion in Conflict of Laws. In Jepson v. General Casualty Company of Wisconsin, a unanimous court issued an opinion that is striking and refreshing in its thoughtful resolution of a choice of law issue. This article focuses on Minnesota’s modern choice of law decisions up until the Jepson decision. It attempts to summarize the courts’ application of each of the five “choice-influencing considerations,” and offers criticism regarding each as well. The article then summarizes the court’s opinion in Jepson, demonstrating its contrast in tone and thoughtfulness from earlier opinions. The article ends with the hope that Jepson will not be an isolated exception in a river of unexceptional opinions – that the case constitutes the beginning of a choice of law jurisprudence of which the Minnesota courts can be proud.
Immunotherapy for brain diseases and mental illnesses

In recent years, research on molecular and cellular phenomena has alluded to a reciprocal interrelationship between the nervous system and immune system [1-4]. The central nervous system (CNS) as well as the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have been shown to interact with the immune system. Often, these interactions are referred to as «neuroimmune interactions» and they exist virtually at all levels: cellular, molecular, structural, physiological, and pathological [2]. Human behavior can be modified by immune factors; for instance stressful events are generally associated with immune suppression [5] and stress reduces natural resistance to wound-healing [6]. In some theoretical sense perhaps the immune system might function as a sensory organ, which has the ability to recognize and respond to environmental stimuli. Fundamentally, the dysfunction of neu-roimmunological interactions could induce pathological conditions of the nervous system and several examples indeed confirm this statement [1-4]. Conceptually speaking, the diseases of the nervous system can be divided into three categories: neurodevelopmental diseases that result from abnormal development of the brain; neurodegenerative diseases that show a progressive downward course of a neurologic function such as cognition; and neuropsychiatric diseases which affect behavior or psyche. The immune system greatly impacts CNS diseases, both pathogenetically as well as therapeutically. While autoimmunity appears to be a critical pathogenic factor, other cellular immune factors such as cytokines also contribute to the disease. Moreover, just about all CNS diseases respond to treatment with immunotherapies. Thus, it is quite reasonable to postulate that most, if not all, CNS diseases are systemic diseases with the clinical manifestations confined centrally to the brain. This line of thinking may also explain why patients with CNS diseases respond to systemically-administered immunotherapies. The present paper summarizes immune factors such as autoimmunity as a cornerstone of current therapies for CNS diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),and autistic syndrome (AS).
The pharmacy clinical experience: A physician-pharmacist trainee collaboration

Abstract Adverse drug reactions are a common and preventable cause of hospitalizations in older adults. Therefore, educating physicians and trainees on appropriate medication management is a priority. The Liaison Committee on Medical Education requires graduating medical students to be adequately prepared to collaborate with health professionals from other disciplines. This study aimed to improve medical student confidence and ability to document a patient's complete medication list and improve students' attitudes towards collaboration with pharmacists and pharmacy trainees. Second-year medical students rotated through pharmacist run clinics, working with pharmacists, pharmacy residents, and visiting pharmacy students during their Clinical Skills 2 course. During the session, students practiced documenting the complete medication list for at least one patient. Before and after this pharmacy clinical experience (PCE), they completed a survey asking about their confidence in documenting a complete medication list, the usefulness of the PCE, and their agreement with statements from the Student Perceptions of Physician-Pharmacist Interprofessional Clinical Education (SPICE) instrument regarding attitudes about physician-pharmacist collaboration. Participants also completed a 3-month follow-up survey. The PCE resulted in an increase in understanding of pharmacist and physician roles in an interdisciplinary care team and an increase in confidence in documenting a complete medication list. Students generally agreed that the PCE improved their skills related to the three medication management geriatrics competencies for graduating medical students. This curricular intervention is useful for incorporating interprofessional (IP) experience into the pre-clinical medical school curriculum, especially at institutions where other professional schools may not be represented. Additionally, this intervention addresses gaps in medical student education regarding medication management in order to prepare them for post-graduate training. Surveys and handouts used in the study can be found at the end of this report.
Hydrobiologia, Malthus, exemptionalism and the risk/uncertainty paradox

Hydrobiologia, with which I have had a long association, is celebrating its 50th anniversary in 1998. This year is also the 200th anniversary of Robert Malthus' still hotly debated publication on overpopulation. Readers of Hydrobiologia know well the impacts on the water resource of a growing human population, increased per capita affluence, major industrialization over much of the planet, and the explosion of new technologies that have effects on the water resource. Those concerned with the integrity and condition of water resources should be deeply involved in the debate on the exemption of human society from the biophysical laws of nature and its dependence on the life support services of ecosystems. Arguably, water resources will be the main battleground on which this debate is resolved. This discussion is a preliminary exploration of the primary issues. Even though the word water does not appear frequently in this paper, the connection to our profession and the future of the hydrobiological ecosystem and Hydrobiologia is present in every page.
Interactive effects of urbanization and local habitat characteristics influence bee communities and flower visitation rates

Current declines in the abundance and diversity of bees and other pollinators has created uncertainty in their ability to reliably deliver pollination services. Recent studies examining urban bee diversity have provided conflicting results, with some studies identifying parts of cities with high bee diversity and others documenting reduced diversity with high levels of urbanization, with potential effects on surrounding agricultural areas. However, these studies have not specifically investigated pollination services, or examined the influence of local habitat conditions on these services. We surveyed urban gardens and city parks across the metropolitan region of Toledo, Ohio (USA) to understand how urbanization (impervious surface) and local habitat characteristics (herbaceous cover, floral abundance and color, tree abundance, canopy cover, soil moisture, garden size) impact bee communities (abundance, diversity, composition) and pollination services (visitation frequency). We collected 729 bees representing 19 genera and 57 species. We found that bee community composition was strongly associated with percent impervious surface. Bee abundance declined with increased canopy cover and impervious surface, while declines in bee diversity with increasing impervious surface were greatly reduced by increases in floral resources. Visitation rates were positively correlated with bee abundance and diversity, declining with increased impervious surface, but increasing with floral resource availability. These results suggest that increasing floral resources at high impervious sites may counteract the negative effects of impervious surface on bee diversity and pollination services in cities similar to Toledo, OH.
Kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation of alcohols and hydroxylamines by hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by methyltrioxorhenium, MTO, and the oxygen binding properties of cobalt Schiff base complexes

Catalysis is a very interesting area of chemistry, which is currently developing at a rapid pace. A great deal of effort is being put forth by both industry and academia to make reactions faster and more productive. One method of accomplishing this is by the development of catalysts. Enzymes are an example of catalysts that are able to perform reactions on a very rapid time scale and also very specifically; a goal for every man-made catalyst. A kinetic study can also be carried out for a reaction to gain a better understanding of its mechanism and to determine what type of catalyst would assist the reaction. Kinetic studies can also help determine other factors, such as the shelf life of a chemical, or the optimum temperature for an industrial scale reaction. An area of catalysis being studied at this time is that of oxygenations. Life on this earth depends on the kinetic barriers for oxygen in its various forms. If it were not for these barriers, molecular oxygen, water, and the oxygenated materials in the land would be in a constant equilibrium. These same barriers must be overcome when performing oxygenation reactions on the laboratory or industrial scale. By performingmore » kinetic studies and developing catalysts for these reactions, a large number of reactions can be made more economical, while making less unwanted byproducts. For this dissertation the activation by transition metal complexes of hydrogen peroxide or molecular oxygen coordination will be discussed.« less
Double Rydberg anions with solvated ammonium kernels: Electron binding energies and Dyson orbitals

Ab initio electron-propagator calculations on the electron detachment energies and associated Dyson orbitals of NnH3n+1− for n = 1–5 confirm the assignment of low-energy peaks in anion photoelectron spectra to double Rydberg anions, species in which a closed-shell cation binds a diffuse pair of electrons. The most stable double Rydberg anions contain NnH3n+1+ cores, wherein the NH4+ kernel forms n − 1 hydrogen bonds with ammonia molecules. Other low-energy peaks for a given n pertain to double Rydberg anions of lower n that are weakly bound to ammonia molecules. High-energy peaks arise from the most stable isomers which consist of hydrides bound to N–H bonds of coordinating ammonia molecules. Dyson orbitals of electron detachment are distributed over the periphery of the bonding regions of the NnH3n+1+ cores. For n = 2–4, negative charge accumulates mostly outside the N–H bonds of the NH4+ kernels that are not engaged in hydrogen bonds. For the tetrahedral cases, where n = 1, 5, Dyson orbitals are diffuse, symmetric functions that are orthogonalized to occupied a1 orbitals of the cationic core. Shake-up features in spectra have been assigned to doublet states with a single diffuse electron in an s, p, d, or f orbital.
Searching for the Global Audience: A Comparative, Multiple-Method Analysis of a Global Trending Topic on Twitter

Twitter was one of the first social media platforms to launch a trending topics feature in 2008. This feature became a widely referenced, condensed descriptor of peaks in social media activity and a place where one could, ostensibly, see what the world was talking about. Yet, more than 10 years later, a lack of systematic research persists on what trends actually reveal, particularly about audiences on a global scale. This article takes a multiple-methods approach to critically unpack more than 15 million # Rio2016 tweets in English, Portuguese, and Russian. #Rio2016 is significant for becoming Twitter’s top-trending topic globally in 2016 and for its Olympic context, comprising the world’s biggest media event. The findings show that global trends mask both important cultural nuances in mediated practices and long-standing issues in communication research to promote an ephemeral, output-driven understanding of audiences. The present study advances media research through a comparative, empirical examination of trending topics and their global and institutional creators.
Clonal Hematopoiesis: Mechanisms Driving Dominance of Stem Cell Clones

The discovery of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in older individuals has changed the way hematologists and stem cell biologists view aging. Somatic mutations accumulate in stem cells over time. While most mutations have no impact, some result in subtle functional differences that ultimately manifest in distinct stem cell behaviors. With a large pool of stem cells and many decades to compete, some of these differences confer advantages under specific contexts. Approximately 20 genes are recurrently found as mutated in CH, indicating they confer some advantage. The impact of these mutations has begun to be analyzed at a molecular level by modeling in cell lines and in mice. Mutations in epigenetic regulators such as DNMT3A and TET2 confer an advantage by enhancing self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells and inhibiting their differentiation. Mutations in other genes involved in the DNA damage response may simply enhance cell survival. Here, we review proposed mechanisms that lead to CH, specifically in the context of stem cell biology, based on our current understanding of the function of some of the CH-associated genes.
Autoscaling High-Throughput Workloads on Container Orchestrators

High-throughput computing (HTC) workloads seek to complete as many jobs as possible over a long period of time. Such workloads require efficient execution of many parallel jobs and can occupy a large number of resources for a long time. As a result, full utilization is the normal state of an HTC facility. The widespread use of container orchestrators eases the deployment of HTC frameworks across different platforms, which also provides an opportunity to scale up HTC workloads with almost infinite resources on the public cloud. However, the autoscaling mechanisms of container orchestrators are primarily designed to support latency-sensitive microservices, and result in unexpected behavior when presented with HTC workloads. In this paper, we design a feedback autoscaler, High Throughput Autoscaler (HTA), that leverages the unique characteristics of the HTC workload to autoscales the resource pools used by HTC workloads on container orchestrators. HTA takes into account a reference input, the real-time status of the jobs' queue, as well as two feedback inputs, resource consumption of jobs, and the resource initialization time of the container orchestrator. We implement HTA using the Makeflow workload manager, Work Queue job scheduler, and the Kubernetes cluster manager. We evaluate its performance on both CPU-bound and IO-bound workloads. The evaluation results show that, by using HTA, we improve resource utilization by $\mathbf{5.6}\times$ with a slight increase in execution time (about 15%) for a CPU-bound workload, and shorten the workload execution time by up to $\mathbf{3.65}\times$ for an IO-bound workload.
Abstract: Modeling and Evaluating Intervention Options and Strategies for COVID-19 Containment: A Biological-Behavioral-Logistics Computation Decision Framework

SARs, bird flu, H1N1, Ebola crisis in W. Africa, Zika and current SARS-CoV-2 underscore the critical importance of emergency response and medical preparedness. Such needs are wide-spread as globalization and air transportation facilitate rapid disease spread across the world. Computational modeling of infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics offer insights in propagation patterns and facilitate policy makers to synthesize potential interventions. Current models include inclined decay with an exponential adjustment, SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered) compartmental model, discrete time stochastic processes, and transmission tree. While many of these models incorporate contact tracing to predict spread pattern, key elements on optimal usage of scarce resources and effective and efficient process performance (e.g., diagnostics and screening, non-pharmaceutical interventions, trained personnel/robots for treatment, decontamination) have not been included. This is particularly critical in the fight of COVID-19 containment due to lack of testing kits and the prevalence of asymptomatic transmission, and the long period of hospitalization required by severely sick patients.This work focuses on designing a system computational decision modeling framework that simultaneously i) captures disease spread characteristics, ii) incorporates day-to-day hospital and home care processes and resource usage, iii) explores non-pharmaceutical intervention, social and human behavior and iv) allows for system optimization to minimize infection and mortality under time and labor constraints.