cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The polypeptide structure of the Sm and RNP nuclear antigens.

Abstract Sm and nuclear ribonucleoprotein are ubiquitous nuclear antigens towards which important autoantibodies are directed in systemic lupus erythematosus and other human autoimmune syndromes. Using physicochemical techniques and affinity adsorptions, we have purifed the polypeptide components of these antigens. The Sm antigen contained polypeptide chains of 15,000 and 17,000 mol. wt. The RNP antigen, which is known by immunochemical techniques to contain the Sm antigen, had the same two polypeptides as well as a larger one of 85,000 mol. wt. This larger peptide was quite labile and apparently broke down into smaller components with manipulation. In addition, the process of affinity purification of the Sm polypeptides gave a product which had increased positive charge. Amino acid analysis of the Sm polypeptides confirmed the presence of relatively large numbers of basic residues. The purified Sm antigen provided an effective reagent for the investigation of autoreactivity to Sm. The differences in structure from our results and those published by others are probably accounted for by the lability of the constituent polypeptides.
Design method for 6T CNFET misalignment immune SRAM circuit

Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNFET) is used for high performance, high stability and low power SRAM design as an alternative material to silicon in recent years. However, tube misalignment problem obstructs the application of CNFET to large scale integration. In this paper, we propose a design method for 6T CNFET misalignment immune SRAM circuit. By vulnerability analysis of a basic layout, drain to source short, source to source short and wrong gate control problems due to tube misalignment are found. Then, misalignment immune layout for 6T CNFET SRAM cell is proposed by defining etching region. Steps for misalignment immune circuit fabrication and design considerations for tube number are given. Finally, HSPICE simulation demonstrates that the proposed 6T CNFET SRAM cell design achieves 84.21% reading power-delay product (PDP) reduction and 22.12% writing PDP reduction, 36.07% static noise margin and 117.63% read noise margin improvement in terms of stability, and 29.01% cell area reduction compared with its CMOS counterpart under 32nm technology.
Numerical Modeling of Flow and Thermal Patterns Within a Combustor Simulator

Performance enhancements and control of heat transfer in high pressure gas turbine vanes and rotors is dependent on understanding the flow and thermal fields approaching the turbine. The flow field exiting the combustor has highly non-uniform pressure and temperature variations in both the radial and circumferential directions as well as high turbulence levels. Several studies have shown significant impact on the overall and secondary flow fields within the turbine due to the inlet profile. The Turbine Research Facility (TRF) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base has recently added a non-reactive full scale annular combustor simulator to the facility to study these effects. In conjunction with the TRF experimental effort to simulate combustor section exit flows, a three-dimensional CFD analysis of the newly installed simulator has been undertaken. The analysis aids in the experimental implementation of the simulator and gives further understanding of the simulator’s complex internal flow patterns. The goal for the TRF simulator is to produce a wide range of profiles to the inlet plane of the vane for evaluation of effects on heat transfer, loss, and loading. The CFD analysis allows an understanding of how those profiles are obtained by tracking the flow through two rows of staggered dilution holes and six rows of staggered film cooling holes on both the ID and OD liners of the main simulator chamber. This enables control as the CFD can guide the experimenter in knowing which liner component influenced the turbine inlet profile shape. Cases can then be run computationally by varying the mass flows and temperatures to tailor the profile to the desired shape prior to running the experiment. These profiles can then be sent through the turbine stage both computationally and experimentally to understand their impact. Finally, turbine airfoils and cooling patterns can then be designed to take advantage of this knowledge.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Updating the Organization MAN: An Examination of Involved Fathering in the Workplace

While the organization man was once synonymous with being an “ideal worker” who prioritized work over family, men's increased involvement in childrearing has changed the meaning and value placed on fatherhood. Little, however, is known about how this “involved fathering” shapes identities, work experiences, and work-related outcomes for fathers. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative studies, we explore the complexities associated with how men experience fatherhood in the context of their work, and examine workplace and professional norms that may inhibit them from being the kinds of involved fathers they espouse a desire to be. We find that involved fathering has positive work-related outcomes that can benefit organizations. More involved fathers experience greater job satisfaction and work–family enrichment and less work–family conflict, and they are less likely to think about quitting their jobs. Although we find that more involved fathers have lowered career identity, this is offset by perceived mana...
Role of the public research system in national wealth creation

This paper explores the importance of scientific research as a knowledge source in the industrial innovation process, offering a broad view of how much, where and how scientific institutions are embedded in industrial innovation. The analysis is based on the results of the 1990–92 European Community Innovation Survey and in particular those from Italy. The answers to the questionnaire provide a picture of the relevance and the patterns of the links between industrial firms and scientific institutions and offer some policy suggestions for improving these linkages. From the point of view of the economics of science the resulting pervasiveness of science in economic activities, even in a country such as Italy characterised by a high proportion of small and medium-sized firms, is an interesting outcome, since it opens up the possibility of analysing scientific activity as driven not only by the peer-review mechanisms, but also by the inter-linkages with economic activities. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Detection of influenza virus: traditional approaches and development of biosensors

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. The disease occurs annually, causing fatality in the elderly and children and billions of dollars loss in business and productivity. Traditional viral detection methods include MDCK cell culture, complement fixation, hemagglutinin-inhibition, and recently RT-PCR. Although effective, these methods generally involve labor-intensive laboratory procedures and often require trained personnel to carry them out. The development of biosensor technologies will enable rapid and specific disease diagnosis on-site so that a clinician can quickly determine whether treatment is needed. This paper reviews traditional viral assays and progress in the biosensor development for influenza virus. Recent advances in single-step direct detection using non-labeling techniques such as surface plasmon resonance, quartz-crystal microbalance, and colorimetric functional polymers are discussed.
The Ageless Allure: Sex, Media, and Marketing

SUMMARY In this introductory article, Reichert argues that greater research attention should be paid to the area of strategic–or direct–effects of sexual information in the media. He begins by describing the nature of sexual information and the response it evokes in viewers. More important, Reichert outlines several ways that media organizations and advertisers use sex to promote their content and branded goods with the ultimate goal of enhancing revenue. Last, the author describes how the articles in this contributed volume advance the study of sex and promotion into new and important contexts (e.g., television news, sports coverage, magazine covers, shock-jock programming).
Finding similar objects using a taxonomy: a pragmatic approach

Several authors have suggested similarity measures for objects labeled with terms from a hierarchical taxonomy We generalize this idea with a definition of information-theoretic similarity for taxonomies that are structured as directed acyclic graphs from which multiple terms may be used to describe an object We discuss how our definition should be adapted in the presence of ambiguity, and introduce new similarity measures based on our definitions. We present an implementation of our measures that is integrated with a relational database and scales to large taxonomies and datasets We evaluate our measures by applying them to an object-matching problem from bioinformatics, and show that, for this task, our new measures outperform those reported in the literature We also verified the scalability of our approach by applying it to patent similarity search, using patents classified with terms from the taxonomy defined by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Iterative Channel Estimators in V-BLAST OFDM Systems

An iterative pilot-symbol aided modulation (PSAM) channel estimation approach is proposed for vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems operating on frequency-selective fading channels. Since the signals at the receive antennas are the superposition of signals from multiple transmit antennas, accurate channel estimates are crucial for good error performance. Furthermore, the time selectivity of the fading channels leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI). While ICI can be ignored for slow fading channels, it should be mitigated for fast fading channels. This paper proposes an ICI mitigation scheme for time-varying channels. We also propose an iterative channel estimator with low-complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm on frequency-selective fading channels.
A latitudinal diversity gradient in planktonic marine bacteria

For two centuries, biologists have documented a gradient of animal and plant biodiversity from the tropics to the poles but have been unable to agree whether it is controlled primarily by productivity, temperature, or historical factors. Recent reports that find latitudinal diversity gradients to be reduced or absent in some unicellular organisms and attribute this to their high abundance and dispersal capabilities would suggest that bacteria, the smallest and most abundant organisms, should exhibit no latitudinal pattern of diversity. We used amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) whole-assemblage genetic fingerprinting to quantify species richness in 103 near-surface samples of marine bacterial plankton, taken from tropical to polar in both hemispheres. We found a significant latitudinal gradient in richness. The data can help to evaluate hypotheses about the cause of the gradient. The correlations of richness with latitude and temperature were similarly strong, whereas correlations with parameters relating to productivity (chlorophyll, annual primary productivity, bacterial abundance) and other variables (salinity and distance to shore) were much weaker. Despite the high abundance and potentially high dispersal of bacteria, they exhibit geographic patterns of species diversity that are similar to those seen in other organisms. The latitudinal gradient in marine bacteria supports the hypothesis that the kinetics of metabolism, setting the pace for life, has strong influence on diversity.
Mitotic Chromosomal Bcl-2: II. Localization to Interphase Nuclei

We have previously shown, by immunofluorescence of fixed cells, that bcl-2 is found only in mitotic chromosomes in KB cultured human tumor cells expressing low levels of this oncoprotein. However, other studies showed that bcl-2 did not change its levels during the cell cycle when analyzed using Western blots. In this study we analyzed the distribution of bcl-2 during interphase, the point at which it is undetectable by immunofluorescence, using biochemical extraction, immunoprecipitation, and cell fractionation with Western blots. Interestingly, when carefully examined by immunofluorescence in fixed cells, the earliest point in the cell cycle showing bcl-2 localization was early G2, in which bcl-2 could be found within the intact nucleus. In spite of showing no immunofluorescence reaction in fixed interphase cells, immunoprecipitation of gentle detergent extracts showed that bcl-2 from interphase cells reacted readily with the antibody used (#124) after extraction. However, immunoprecipitation using anti-bcl-2 followed by Western blots using anti-Bax showed that, unlike overexpressing cells, this bcl-2 was not complexed with Bax. Classical cell fractionation methods were used to separate nuclei from cytosol and cell membranes. Surprisingly, these experiments clearly showed that essentially all of the bcl-2 in interphase KB cells was present in the nucleus. Therefore, the lack of reaction in fixed cells with anti-bcl-2 antibody reflects either a masking or a conformational change of the reactive epitope in bcl-2 present within the nucleus. By correlation, this change may be related to the phosphorylation of bcl-2 that occurs just before mitosis. The nature of this novel yet highly conserved nuclear form of bcl-2 and the understanding of its function will require further study.
Sleep and the family doctor: time to lead.

In this issue of the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine , the American Board of Family Medicine presents 4 original research articles about sleep-related topics. This signals a growing recognition of the role of sleep disorders/complaints in health and well-being and of sleep medicine'
Cooperative Education Work Assignments: The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Enhancing ABET Competencies and Co-op Workplace Well-Being

In this study, we examine the role of individual differences and early employment experiences on learning outcomes and subjective well-being for first-term cooperative education students. By tracking students through their first semester work assignment, we were able to follow student adjustment and demonstrate the linkages to important ABET learning outcomes. Data were collected during pre-employment, mid-semester, and post-employment surveys. The results suggest that there are some early warning signs of lack of adjustment that are related to both motivational anxiety and lack of initial social contacts during socialization. However, mid-semester reports of proactive behavior by the student had a significant impact on both learning outcomes and well-being.
The superconducting beam transport system at the NSCL

The beam transport system at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Lab (NSCL) consists of 22 cryostats containing superconducting quadrupole doublets or triplets, and 9 superconducting dipoles. The quads achieve gradients of up to 35 T/m in the 10-cm-diameter warm bore. Operating at a maximum current of 20 A allows the helium consumption rate to be kept to less than 0.3 L/h. The dipoles produce fields in the 5-cm gap of over 1.9 T at a current of 100 A, and the two types produce bends of either +or-16 degrees or 22.5 degrees at 1.75 T for the 1.6-GeV/c heavy ion beams produced by the K1200 superconducting cyclotron. One year's operations experience demonstrates their efficiency and reliability.
Correlation and Provenance of Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Fluvial Strata, Utah, U.S.A., from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Petrography

Abstract Detrital zircon and petrographic provenance analysis of Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) strata corroborate correlation of the fluvial Kaiparowits Formation in southern Utah with post-Castlegate strata of the Mesaverde Group in eastcentral Utah. Sandstone samples of the Kaiparowits Formation in the Kaiparowits Plateau and Mesaverde Group (Neslen, Bluecastle Tongue of Castlegate, Farrer, and Tuscher formations) in Gray Canyon north of Green River, Utah, contain six U-Pb detrital zircon age populations ranging in age from Archean to Late Cretaceous. Thrust-belt-derived sublitharenite and quartzarenite of the lower part of the Mesaverde Group (Neslen and Bluecastle) lack or have only rare Mesozoic grains, but contain abundant Archean, Proterozoic, and Paleozoic grains that record recycling of Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Jurassic sandstones exposed in uplifted thrust sheets to the west. South- and southwest-derived feldspathic litharenite of the Kaiparowits and Farrer formations contains Proterozoic grains and a diverse population of Mesozoic grain ages. Archean grains are rare to absent. Maximum depositional ages interpreted from young zircon grains in two Kaiparowits samples statistically overlap 40Ar/39Ar ages (76–74 Ma) from interbedded bentonitic tuffs and weighted mean ages of young grains from the Farrer Formation. Kolmogorov-Smirnoff statistics, in conjunction with young grain ages and detrital age spectra, corroborate petrographic evidence, which indicates that the Kaiparowits rivers were connected northward with a river system that deposited the Farrer Formation. The young grain ages, although imprecise, indicate that the uppermost Mesaverde Group strata of the Tuscher Formation are younger than the Kaiparowits Formation and record partitioning of the former foreland basin by Laramide uplifts.
Tinnitus and inferior colliculus activity in chinchillas related to three distinct patterns of cochlear trauma

A longstanding hypothesis is that tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external acoustic source, is triggered by a distinctive pattern of cochlear hair cell (HC) damage and that this subsequently leads to altered neural activity in the central auditory pathway. This hypothesis was tested by assessing behavioral evidence of tinnitus and spontaneous neural activity in the inferior colliculus (IC) after unilateral cochlear trauma. Chinchillas were assigned to four cochlear treatment groups. Each treatment produced a distinctive pattern of HC damage, as follows: acoustic exposure (AEx): sparse low-frequency inner hair cell (IHC) and outer hair cell (OHC) loss; round window cisplatin (CisEx): pronounced OHC loss mixed with some IHC loss; round window carboplatin (CarbEx): pronounced IHC loss without OHC loss; control: no loss. Compared with controls, all experimental groups displayed significant and similar psychophysical evidence of tinnitus with features resembling a 1-kHz tone. Contralateral IC spontaneous activity was elevated in the AEx and CisEx groups, which showed increased spiking and increased cross-fiber synchrony. A multidimensional analysis identified a subpopulation of neurons more prevalent in animals with tinnitus. These units were characterized by high bursting, low ISI variance, and within-burst peak spiking of approximately 1,000/sec. It was concluded that cochlear trauma in general, rather than its specific features, leads to multiple changes in central activity that underpin tinnitus. Particularly affected was a subpopulation ensemble of IC neurons with the described unique triad of features.
Approximate Analysis of a Laminar Elliptical Jet

Theme TPHE past several years have witnessed an upsurge JL of interest in thrust augmenting ejectors for V/STOL aircraft and ejector pumps for lasers. In each of these devices, as well as many others, energy is transferred from a high velocity primary flow to a lower velocity secondary flow in such a compact dimension that the near field of the jet is critical. A parameter of basic importance in determining the success or failure of this transfer of energy is the momentum distribution due to the shape and location of the primary nozzles. The momentum distribution may be characterized by a "half width" (defined as the lateral position of the mean velocity), since a majority of the jet's momentum is contained within the half widths. In the case of turbulent nonaxisymmetric jet shapes, Trentacoste and Sforza1 have shown experimentally that the major axis half width initially decreases while on the minor axis, the half width grows monotonically. Such a difference in growth rate has not been predicted by either a laminar or turbulent treatment of the problem. Pai and Hsieh2 have treated the linearized case of the laminar rectangular jet by applying the boundary-layer assumptions in both the major and minor axis directions. The result is a rnonotonic half width growth on both axes. In the present analysis, the Navier-Stokes equations are derived in elliptical coordinates. It is then assumed that at any position within the jet, one of the orthogonal coordinate surfaces coincides with the elliptical isovel passing through that position. At this point it is possible to make some rational assumptions concerning the functional form and order of magnitude of each of the variables employed. These assumptions reduce the equations to boundary-layer (i.e., parabolic) type. They also reduce the 4 equations and 4 unknowns to 2 equations and 2 unknowns. These 2 equations are of twodimensional form with several additional terms, and may be described as quasi-two-dim ensional. This form does not require that the equations be solved throughout the threedimensional field but rather that they be solved on the major and minor axes of the jet cross section at each streamwise position. In this way the required computations are greatly reduced. Although the present analysis is laminar, references are made to turbulent experiments to point out qualitative agreement between the two.
Stable vortex rings of excitation in neuroelectric media

The membranes of living cells, for example, in heart muscle, support electric dipoles which invert momentarily following an electrical stimulus that exceeds a threshold. The pulse propagates as an 'action potential' at about 0.5 mm/ms in the three-dimensional 'foam' of cellular membranes. Four computer generated panels are shown which graphically represent such waves, using a continuum model with the FitzHugh-Nagumo cable equation used to model the excitable medium. >
Load distribution models of the MPLS traffic

In MPLS, a key issue is the accumulated delay experienced by traffic trunks. Another key issue is the load distribution over multiple disjoint LSPs. These two key issues are related each other. The load distribution model must take the QoS constraints into account, and one of the primary constraints is the traffic trunk delay. In the literature, most reported load distribution models are based on the Markovian delay bounds. Although the inadequacy of the Markovian models for IP traffic has been extensively reported and several non-Markovian delay bounds have been proposed, relatively little was done toward establishing new load distribution models. This paper seeks to fill the gap. We present several MPLS models based on a non-Markovian delay bound. Solutions and examples are provided also.
PROBLEMS IN AVIAN CLASSIFICATION

That the higher-level classification of birds is in an unsatisfactory state is clearly demonstrated by the continued proliferation of new classifications and by the failure of biologists in general to adopt any one system as standard. Recent years have seen comprehensive classifications by Mayr and Amadon (1951), Stresemann (1959), Wetmore (1960), Storer (1971), Morony et al. (1975), Wolters (1975–82), Cracraft (1981), and others. The Peters’ checklist and the American Ornithologists’ Union checklist continue to evolve, and many attempts have been made to reclassify avian subgroups. Pizzey (1980, p. 13) stated that “The classification of birds (avian taxonomy) is in some ways like the peace of God—it passeth all understanding.” Olson (1981, p. 193) agreed with this sentiment, but also recognized the basic reason: “… the present classification of birds amounts to little more than superstition and bears about as much relationship to a true phylogeny of the Class Aves as Greek mythology does to the theory of relativity.”
Identification of precursor molecules to individual tRNA species from Bombyx mori.

Abstract Short-labeled 4.5S RNA molecules isolated from the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori can be separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into many discrete species, some of which are radiochemically pure by the criteria of RNA fingerprinting. One region of the gel contains two precursor RNAs, one to each of the known alanine transfer RNAs. Each precursor tRNAAla molecule contains all of the internal oligonucleotides present in the corresponding tRNAAla species plus new 5'-and 3'-terminal sequences. Precursor molecules to tRNA1Gly (which differ from each other in size) are contained in two other gel regions, and a fourth region contains a precursor to tRNA2Gly. Both of the transcription initiator purine tetraphosphate nucleosides are present in unfractionated tRNA precursor mixtures, with pppA- predominating over pppG-. Minor nucleotides are also present in B. mori tRNA precursors. No polycistronic tRNA gene transcripts were observed.
Clinical potentials of human pluripotent stem cells in lung diseases

Lung possesses very limited regenerative capacity. Failure to maintain homeostasis of lung epithelial cell populations has been implicated in the development of many life-threatening pulmonary diseases leading to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, and currently there is no known cure for these end-stage pulmonary diseases. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and somatic cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess unlimited self-renewal capacity and great potential to differentiate to various cell types of three embryonic germ layers (ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal). Therapeutic use of human ESC/iPSC-derived lung progenitor cells for regeneration of injured or diseased lungs will have an enormous clinical impact. This article provides an overview of recent advances in research on pluripotent stem cells in lung tissue regeneration and discusses technical challenges that must be overcome for their clinical applications in the future.
Implementation status of the global and local beam position feedback systems for the Advanced Photon Source storage ring

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is implementing an extensive beam position feedback system for both global and local stabilization of particle and photon beams based on digital signal processing. The description and operational experience of the system will be given in this paper. In particular, we will discuss the underlying fundamental principles, hardware layout, controls interface, and automatic software generation for multiple digital signal processors (DSPs) distributed in 20 VME crates around the ring. The feedback system runs at 4-kHz sampling frequency in order to achieve the correction bandwidth of approximately 100 Hz. For the maximum correction efficiency and resolution of conflicts among multiple local feedback systems due to the local bump closure error, the global and local feedback systems are combined into a single unified system. This novel approach is made possible through data sharing among the global and local systems via the fiber-optically networked reflective memories.
Penetrating the Industrial Market: A Case Study

Adoption of the marketing concept has not come easily in industrial markets. Sales efforts and product orientation appears to receive an inordinate amount of attention even in highly mature, saturated markets. Resistance to marketing can encourage new competitors possessing technology and marketing skills to invade these once stagnant market segments. This paper identifies one firm’s attempt to thwart such invasion by developing and implementing sound marketing strategy.
Zeros of entire functions and characteristic determinants

We study certain classes of entire functions which arise as characterstics determinants of trace-class operators on a Hilber space. In particular, we show that the property of being as finitd oinear combination of commutatiors of Hilbert Schmidt operators can be characterized by a simple growth condtion on the charact.
Erratum to “The separation procedure” [Seminars in Pediatric Surgery 2015;24(5):231–236]

copagus F Pericardium, diaphragm, liver, CBD, and small bowel Pulmonary atresia 3 Days 1A and W 1 Died cardiac failure alopagus F Liver and small bowel Omphalocele and liver 1 Day 1 Died before arrival Ruptured at birth Cloacal exstrophy 1 Died intraoperatively copagus M Cardiac-atrial communication and liver Unilocular heart 8 Days 1 Died intraoperatively Absent hepatic veins 1 Died at 6 weeks SIDS copagus F Liver Unilocular heart and CDH 1 Day Both died alopagus F Liver and jejunal atresia Omphalocele, volvulus 2 Days Both A and W alopagus M Distal colon and bladder Hypoplastic lung 1 Day 1 Died in transit Anorectal anomaly 1 A and W alopagus F Liver Cardiac (DORV) 1 Week 1 A and W 1 Died 3rd postoperative day agus F Lungs, diaphragm, aorta, liver, and intestine AV canal and PPH 1 Day Both died copagus F Pericardium, cardiac defect, and liver Porencephalic cyst 5 Days 1 Died postoperatively-PPH Other died at 2 weeks alopagus F Liver and small bowel Intestinal obstruction 1 Week Both A and W alopagus F Ileum, 1 colon, and bladders Both ARAs 2 Days Both A and W
Chaperoning drug development with PET.

In recent years, numerous molecular abnormalities have been identified in cancer cells that may be used as targets for therapeutic interventions ( [1][1] ). In parallel, the introduction of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput technology ( [2][2] ) has led to the development of a large number
Disocclusion mitigation for point cloud imposters

Image based imposters suffer from common errors called disocclusion artifacts where portions of the scene that should be occluded by real geometry are visible when using image based imposters. These artifacts are the result of parallax error created by camera motion where regions of a mesh that were not visible at the time of imposter generation have become visible. This document presents an analysis of a computationally inexpensive on-line technique [Mourning et al. 2014] to resolve these disocclusions by stretching existing imposter [Maciel and Shirley 1995] texture information over new geometry bridging the gap between imposters. [Mourning et al. 2014] only presented automatic metrics showing improved image quality compared to traditional techniques; in order to corroborate the findings in [Mourning et al. 2014], human trials were performed to determine if human subjects found a similar increase in image quality. Results show a statistically significant improvement in image quality over traditional imposters.
Mind in motion.

The article discusses neuroprosthetic technologies which use brain waves to control and manipulate computer cursors and robotic limbs as of September 2012. Topics include how neuroscientist Miguel A. L. Nicolelis and his colleagues plan to develop an exoskeleton to be worn and controlled by a paraplegic at the 2014 World Cup, and how bioelectrical engineering created signals connecting the rindlike cortex of the brain to computer systems. Additional information is presented on how the exoskeleton will operate using electrodes implanted in the motor cortex. INSET: The Long Road to Brain-Controlled Prosthetics.
Significance of urinary and fecal porphyrins and blood cell parameters in lead-exposed workers

Objective:To discuss the effect of lead on the blood system in workers exposed to lead,and the determination significance of urinary coproporphyrin and hemocyte parameters.Methods: 465 lead-exposed workers as observation group and 286 employees without exposing to lead and other industrial toxicants as control group were involved.20 ml urine and 2 ml EDTA-k2 anticoagulation were taken from people in observation group and control group for urinary coproporphyrin detection by fluorescence colorimetry and blood cell analysis by CA-900 full automatic blood analyzer respectively.Results: The positive rates of urinary coproporphyrin(42.5%),hemoglobin(8.17%) and red blood cell reduction(4.73%) in lead-exposed group were higher than those in control group(2.10%,1.75% and 1.04% respectively)(χ2=146.7,P0.01;χ2=13.5,P0.01;χ2=6.36,P0.05).Conclusion: Effect of lead on blood system of lead-exposed workers performed mainly purine metabolism disorder and hemoglobin synthesis defect,so regular determination of urinary coproporphyrins and blood parameters on lead-exposed workers can keep health of operation personnel.
Pressure threshold for fluid loss from the peritoneal cavity

Ascites or dialysis fluid in the peritoneal cavity causes fluid loss from the cavity to the body. Experiments in animals and in humans have shown that the fluid loss rate increases with large increments in the intraperitoneal hydrostatic pressure (Pip). We hypothesized that there is a low-threshold Pip above which this fluid loss occurs. Because the full Pip force is exerted across the abdominal wall (AW), we further hypothesized that fluid movement into the abdominal wall would vary directly with the Pip. To address these questions, we dialyzed rats for 3 h in the supine position at constant levels of Pip with isotonic and hypertonic dialysis solutions containing a protein marker of fluid movement. We measured total fluid loss, AW fluid-marker concentration, and lymph flow. With variation of Pip from 0 to 8 cmH2O, we found that 1) lymph flows (0.61 +/- 0.03 ml/h) were not dependent on Pip, 2) measured isotonic fluid loss rate varied from 0.29 +/- 0.06 ml/h at 0 cmH2O to 0.62 +/- 0.02 at 2 cmH2O and then rose in a linear fashion to 5.06 +/- 0.10 ml/h at 8 cmH2O, 3) fluid movement into the AW paralleled the measured fluid loss rate, and 4) protein clearance from the cavity overestimated the true fluid loss because of adsorption of the marker to the peritoneal surface. We conclude that, although peritoneal lymph flow is not dependent on intraperitoneal hydrostatic or osmotic pressure, fluid loss from the cavity and fluid loss to the abdominal wall are directly proportional to Pip > 2 cmH2O. We also note that protein markers of fluid movement require correction for tissue surface adsorption for accurate results.
Commentary: Death by Distraction.

Distraction is something that emergency medical personnel are intimately familiar with. We’re used to being distracted on our shifts. Observational studies have shown that interruptions during ED shifts occur as frequently as every 6 to 9 minutes. We tell ourselves that it’s okay because we’re excellent multitaskers; then we try to remember what we were doing and get back to it. In the meantime, studies demonstrating our multitasking effectiveness—or the lack thereof—are beginning to accumulate, and they suggest we’re not as facile with distractions as perhaps we’d like to be. A study of residents performing virtual surgery showed worse outcomes with pagers beeping and sign-out list questions being asked compared with that in a quiet environment. It’s widely accepted that interrupting nurses during medication preparation and administration is detrimental to patient safety. Yet, as providers, we often continue to believe that we’re immune to this effect. Language: en
Reexamining the Association of Maternal Age and Marital Status at First Birth With Youth Educational Attainment

Using data from the linked Children and Young Adult sample (N = 2,865) of the NLSY79, we reexamined the association of maternal age and marital status at birth with youth high school completion, assessing multiple age categories and race/ethnic variations. Youth born to older teen mothers were no more likely to graduate from high school than those born to the youngest teen mothers. Although delaying childbirth to young adulthood (age 20-24) was associated with greater odds of children's high school completion compared to the earliest teen births, those born to young adult mothers were disadvantaged compared to those born to mothers age 25 or older. Being born to an unmarried mother was associated with lower odds of high school completion but this did not fully explain the estimated effect of maternal age at birth. We found no evidence that maternal age at birth more strongly predicted high school graduation for White compared to Latino or Black youth.
Production, Property, and the Construction of Remotely Sensed Data

Remote sensing, particularly satellite imaging, is widely used in scientific, government, and public applications. One of the reasons it is so highly valued is the perception of its fundamental objectivity and neutrality. Yet like all data, satellite imagery is a product of human action. Elements such as specific technologies, strategic priorities, and privileged interpretations influence the availability and applications of remotely sensed data. We therefore argue that careful examination of the epistemological, social, and political dimensions of these data is a crucial, yet relatively underdeveloped task, especially in the scientific literature. We conduct such an examination through the property regimes (or property rights regimes) framework developed by Schlager and Ostrom. Property regimes are the arrangements by which rights over particular goods are allocated, as well as the roles to which these rights are assigned and the rules that regulate this process. This framework is especially useful in re...
Neutrino scattering in supernovae and the universal spin correlations of a unitary gas

Core collapse supernova simulations can be sensitive to neutrino interactions near the neutrinosphere. This is the surface of last scattering. We model the neutrinosphere region as a warm unitary gas of neutrons. A unitary gas is a low density system of particles with large scattering lengths. We calculate modifications to neutrino scattering cross sections because of the universal spin and density correlations of a unitary gas. These correlations can be studied in laboratory cold atom experiments. We find significant reductions in cross sections, compared to free space interactions, even at relatively low densities. These reductions could reduce the delay time from core bounce to successful explosion in multidimensional supernova simulations.
Epitaph for a Thesis: Bridging the Gap between Grief and Growth

ABSTRACTThis narrative and descriptive essay traces the legacy and impact that the Smith College School for Social Work thesis had on me as an individual and social worker. It explains the personal experiences I was facing immediately before beginning the thesis, which was the sudden death of my father, and the journey of self-discovery and healing that took place as I was writing it. The essay ends with a reflection on the importance of research and the value I found in the thesis process within my personal and my professional life.
Multiple-Comparison Testing

So far, we have seen a couple of statistical tests which can indicate if a factor has an impact on the response or not, and which would make us reject or accept H0(μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = … = μ C ); however, they do not show how the means differ, if, indeed, they do differ. In this chapter, we will discuss the logic and Type I errors in multiple-comparison testing. We then present several procedures which can be used for multiple comparison of means, such as Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, Tukey’s HSD test, the Newman-Keuls test, and Dunnett’s test. Finally, we discuss the Scheffe test as a post hoc study for multiple comparisons.
“Just One More Thing”: Using Leave-Behind Measurement Supplements to Augment Survey Data Collection

Researchers often need to collect additional or different types of information from survey respondents than can easily be gathered during the initial interview procedure. When this is the case, it is increasingly common to ask respondents to continue their participation by using a leave-behind measurement supplement. Time use and purchasing diaries are most common traditional leave-behinds and these are still used by some large surveys. But digital technologies have added a trove of new tools that researchers can leverage after the initial interview concludes. This chapter highlights some of the new measurement supplement opportunities presented by technological advancements and proposes directions for future research that will enable researchers to maximize the value of these technologies.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCrAl alloys under heavy ion irradiations

Abstract FeCrAl ferritic alloys are excellent cladding candidates for accident tolerant fuel systems due to their high resistance to oxidation as a result of formation of a protective Al2O3 scale at high temperatures in steam. In this study, we report the irradiation response of the 10Cr and 13Cr FeCrAl cladding tubes under Fe2+ ion irradiation up to ∼16 dpa at 300 °C. Dislocation loop size, density and characteristics were determined using both two-beam bright field transmission electron microscopy and on-zone scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. 10Cr (C06M2) tube has a lower dislocation density, larger grain size and a slightly weaker texture compared to the 13Cr (C36M3) tube before irradiation. After irradiation to 0.7 dpa and 16 dpa, the fraction of type sessile dislocations decreases with increasing Cr amount in the alloys. It has been found that there is neither void formation nor α′ precipitation as a result of ion irradiations in either alloy. Therefore, dislocation loops were determined to be the only irradiation induced defects contributing to the hardening. Nanoindentation testing before the irradiation revealed that the average nanohardness of the C36M3 tube is higher than that of the C06M2 tube. The average nanohardness of irradiated tube samples saturated at 1.6–2.0 GPa hardening for both tubes between ∼3.4 dpa and ∼16 dpa. The hardening calculated based on transmission electron microscopy was found to be consistent with nanohardness measurements.
The ideal carer role: gendered expectations in childhood ethnography

Drawing on data from a preschool-based ethnography that examined both teachers and children, this paper explores gendered elements of adult–child interactions in the preschool classroom. The author...
Methylomic profiles reveal sex-specific differences in leukocyte composition associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental disorder precipitated by trauma exposure. However, only some persons exposed to trauma develop PTSD. There are sex differences in risk; twice as many women as men develop a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD. Methylomic profiles derived from peripheral blood are well-suited for investigating PTSD because DNA methylation (DNAm) encodes individual response to trauma and may play a key role in the immune dysregulation characteristic of PTSD pathophysiology. In the current study, we leveraged recent methodological advances to investigate sex-specific differences in DNAm-based leukocyte composition that are associated with lifetime PTSD. We estimated leukocyte composition on a combined methylation array dataset (483 participants, ∼450 k CpG sites) consisting of two civilian cohorts, the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study and Grady Trauma Project. Sex-stratified Mann-Whitney U test and two-way ANCOVA revealed that lifetime PTSD was associated with significantly higher monocyte proportions in males, but not in females (Holm-adjusted p-val
Ancient engineering of fish capture and storage in southwest Florida

In the 16th century, the Calusa, a fisher-gatherer-hunter society, were the most politically complex polity in Florida, and the archaeological site of Mound Key was their capital. Based on historic documents, the ruling elite at Mound Key controlled surplus production and distribution. The question remains exactly how such surplus pooling occurred and when such traditions were elaborated on and reflected in the built environment. Our work focuses on the “watercourts” and associated areas at Mound Key. These subrectangular constructions of shell and other sediments around centralized inundated areas have been variously interpreted. Here, we detail when these enclosures were constructed and their engineering and function. We argue that these structures were for large surplus capture and storage of aquatic resources that were controlled and managed by corporate groups.
Conventional versus stereotactic image guided pedicle screw placement during spinal deformity correction: a retrospective propensity score-matched study of a national longitudinal database

PURPOSE/AIM To compare complications, readmissions, revisions, and payments between navigated and conventional pedicle screw fixation for treatment of spine deformity. METHODS The Thomson Reuters MarketScan national longitudinal database was used to identify patients undergoing osteotomy, posterior instrumentation, and fusion for treatment of spinal deformity with or without image-guided navigation between 2007-2016. Conventional and navigated groups were propensity-matched (1:1) to normalize differences between demographics, comorbidities, and surgical characteristics. Clinical outcomes and charges were compared between matched groups using bivariate analyses. RESULTS A total of 4,604 patients were identified as having undergone deformity correction, of which 286 (6.2%) were navigated. Propensity-matching resulted in a total of 572 well-matched patients for subsequent analyses, of which half were navigated. Rate of mechanical instrumentation-related complications was found to be significantly lower for navigated procedures (p = 0.0371). Navigation was also associated with lower rates of 90-day unplanned readmissions (p = 0.0295), as well as 30- and 90-day postoperative revisions (30-day: p = 0.0304, 90-day: p = 0.0059). Hospital, physician, and total payments favored the conventional group for initial admission (p = 0.0481, 0.0001, 0.0019, respectively); however, when taking into account costs of readmissions, hospital payments became insignificantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Procedures involving image-guided navigation resulted in decreased instrumentation-related complications, unplanned readmissions, and postoperative revisions, highlighting its potential utility for the treatment of spine deformity. Future advances in navigation technologies and methodologies can continue to improve clinical outcomes, decrease costs, and facilitate widespread adoption of navigation for deformity correction.
Effect of Height of the Tornado Chamber on Vortex Touchdown

Numerically modeled vortex chamber, both in 2D and 3D, have been employed to analyze the flow features of tornado-like vortex. In 2D analysis, flow structure was first investigated using a fixed overall height and varying swirl ratios (S) followed by the variation of overall chamber height to observe its effect on touchdown S. Increasing overall chamber height lowered the touchdown S. Ground pressure profile showed some contrast from experiment as the pressure was found to be increasing even after touchdown. A tentative projection of overall chamber height required to obtain touchdown similar to experiment was found to be at H = 49.5. The proposition of increasing the chamber height alone to reach touchdown state would make the analysis computationally intensive and potentially infeasible. For further analysis, 3D model, brought in action, revealed touchdown to occur at similar parameters with similar trend of pressure plot as the 2D model.