cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of block and bigraft copolymers†

The syntheses of poly(styrene-b-isobutylene), poly[(ethylene-co-propylene-co-1,4-hexadiene)-g-styrene-g-α-methylstyrene], and poly[(ethylene-co-propylene-co-1,4-hexadiene)-g-styrene-g-isobutylene] have been accomplished by using the principle of selective sequential initiation. This method makes use of the large differences in initiation rates that exist between labile organic chlorides and bromides when these halides interact with alkylaluminum compounds. Synthesis conditions have been worked out which allow composition control. These new AB blocks and bigrafts exhibit unusual mechanical and solubility properties, some of which will be described. For example, the Nordel-g-PSt-g-PIB bigraft exhibits only one low temperature transition (DSC, Rheovibron), suggesting an intimate aggregation of Nordel and polyisobutylene phases.
POTENTIALLY LETHAL RADIATION DAMAGE: REPAIR BY MAMMALIAN CELLS IN CULTURE.

Less than optimum conditions with regard to cell division after x-irradiation provide the necessary environment in which mammalian cells can repair potentially lethal radiation damage. The kinetics of repair suggest that, during the repair process, a transient, unstable cellular state occurs which prevents cell division in complete growth medium. The capacity for repair appears to be dependent on cell age.
Voltage-gated Mobility of the Ca2+ Channel Cytoplasmic Tails and Its Regulatory Role

Transient increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration generated by the voltage-gated Cav1.2 channels acts as an important intracellular signal. By using fluorescence resonance energy transfer combined with patch clamp in living cells, we present evidence for voltage-gated mobility of the cytoplasmic tails of the Cav1.2 channel and for its regulatory role in intracellular signaling. Anchoring of the C-terminal tail to the plasma membrane caused an inhibition of its state-dependent mobility, channel inactivation, and CREB-dependent transcription. Release of the tail restored these functions suggesting a direct role for voltage-gated mobility of the C-terminal tail in Ca2+ signaling.
Efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate in eliminating Theileria equi from experimentally infected horses.

Abstract Theileria equi, one of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis, is endemic in many regions of the world but is considered a ‘foreign’ animal disease in the USA. In an effort to prevent the importation of T. equi, stringent serological screening of horses is practiced prior to entry to the USA. Current regulatory options available where horses are found to be infected include permanent quarantine with or without chemotherapy, repatriation, or euthanasia. Chemotherapeutics that eliminate infection and subsequently transmission risk are critical in the management of infected horses. In this study, the efficacy of the drug imidocarb dipropionate against experimental T. equi infection was assessed. Of nine horses experimentally inoculated with T. equi isolated from an animal previously imported from Peru, six were treated with imidocarb dipropionate after the resolution of the acute phase of the disease. Elimination of the parasite was demonstrated in 5/6 by nested PCR, blood transfusions to naive horses, and reversion to seronegative status. The findings support the use of this drug as a potential treatment option in controlling outbreaks of T. equi, and also suggest that ‘combination testing’ using both serological and PCR detection methods are necessary to demonstrate clearance of infection.
Borrelia burgdorferi-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vivo and in vitro

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is selectively upregulated in erythema migrans (EM) lesions with acute Lyme disease. This study explored whether upregulation of MMP-9 was associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) production, and Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) could induce MCP-1 production in vivo and in vitro. The results indicated that expression of MCP-1 was significantly increased in U937 cells by B. burgdorferi. The activity of MMP-9 could be elevated by recombinant MCP-1 (rMCP-1) in U937 cells. MMP-9 was not upregulated by B. burgdorferi in fibroblasts. However, the expression of MCP-1 was significantly increased in the presence of B. burgdorferi in fibroblasts. The level of MCP-1 in EM lesions and in serum of patients with acute Lyme disease was also significantly elevated compared to that for healthy controls. The secreted MCP-1 may affect the production of MMP-9 in fibroblasts and/or macrophages.
TSC simulation of Ohmic discharges in TFTR

The Tokamak Simulation Code (TSC) has been used to model the time dependence of several Ohmic discharges in the TFTR experiment. The semi-empirical thermal conductivity model and the sawtooth model in TSC have been refined so that good agreement between the simulation and the experiment is obtained in the electron and ion temperature profiles and in the current profiles for the entire duration of the discharges. Neoclassical resistivity gives good agreement with the measured surface voltage and the rate of poloidal flux consumption
The application of atomic force microscopy to the study of living vertebrate cells in culture

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a relatively new variant of scanning probe microscopy developed for the material sciences, is becoming an increasingly important tool in other disciplines. In this review I describe in nontechnical terms some of the basic aspects of using AFM to study living vertebrate cells. Although AFM has some unusual attributes such as an ability to be used with living cells, AFM also has attributes that make its use in cell biology a real challenge. This review was written to encourage researchers in the biological and biomedical sciences to consider AFM as a potential (and potent) tool for their cell biological research.
Phosphorylation invivo of rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor

Abstract Rat liver glucocorticoid receptors were labeled in vivo with [ 32 P ] orthophosphate. In the last two fractionation procedures leading to purified, molybdate-stabilized, unactivated receptor complex, bound [ 32 P ] coeluted with peaks of bound [ 3 H ] triamcinolone acetonide. SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed [ 32 P ] labeled 90K and 24K bands. The lower molecular weight band is heavily phosphorylated and it could be either a component of the unactivated receptor or a degradation product.
Airborne infrared persistent imaging requirements

The task of detecting, identifying, and engaging asymmetric threats operating amongst civilian populations is a significant challenge for modern armies. Enemy activities in urban areas can be very difficult to detect and monitor using traditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) assets. The concept of Persistent Surveillance provides a new methodology for detecting and identifying hostile forces operating amongst civilians in urban battlefields. The sensors, platforms, and data architectures which compose a persistent surveillance system must be chosen to maximize coverage and minimize obscuration while providing timely and relevant data to friendly forces on the ground. An illustrative example considering the specific operational concepts and resulting system choices for optimizing an airborne infrared persistent imaging system will be discussed.
Assessing an Impulsive Model for Rotational Energy Partitioning to Acetyl Radicals from the Photodissociation of Acetyl Chloride at 235 nm

This work uses the photodissociation of acetyl chloride to assess the utility of a recently proposed impulsive model when the dissociation occurs on an excited electronic state that is not repulsive in the Franck−Condon region. The impulsive model explicitly includes an average over the vibrational quantum states of acetyl chloride when it calculates an impact parameter for fission of the C−Cl bond, as well as the distribution of thermal energy in the photolytic precursor. The experimentally determined stability of the resulting acetyl radical to subsequent dissociation is the key observable that allows us to test the model’s ability to predict the partitioning of energy between rotation and vibration of the radical. We compare the model’s predictions for three different assumed geometries at which the impulsive force might act, generating the relative kinetic energy and the concomitant rotational energy in the acetyl radical. Assuming that the impulsive force acts at the transition state for C−Cl fission...
Logic Machine Architecture: Kernel Funtions

In this paper we present an attempt to abstract from the great diversity of approaches to automated deduction a core collection of operations which are common to all of them. Implementation of this kernel of functions provides a software platform upon which a variety of theorem-proving systems can be built, We outline the architecture for a layered family of software tools to support the development of theorem-proving systems and present in some detail the functions which comprise the two lowest layers. These are the layer implementing primitive abstract data types not supported by the host language and the layer providing primitives for the manipulation of logical formulas. This layer includes the implementation of efficient unification and substitution application algorithms, structure sharing within the formula database, and efficient access to formulas via arbitrary user-defined properties. The tools are provided in a highly portable form (implemented in Pascal) in order that a diverse community of users may build on them.
COMMENTS ON EINSTEIN SCALAR SOLUTIONS.

Simple solutions of the Einstein scalar and Brans-Dicke field equations are exhibited, and the nature of the Killing horizons of some static solutions is discussed.
Use of quark wave functions in the calculation of structure functions of mesons

In the description of deep-inelastic scattering the most extensively used model is the parton model. However, there has been an ongoing effort to understand structure functions of nucleons and mesons in terms of wave functions of quarks. Calculations made using the constituent quark model usually do not fit the experimental data. It has been argued that such calculations refer to some low-momentum scale parameterized by {ital Q}{sup 2}{sub 0}. The calculated distribution is then evolved up to a large scale, {ital Q}{sup 2}, by perturbative QCD evolution. The change needed if the distribution is to fit the data is quite large and, therefore, the scale {ital Q}{sup 2}{sub 0} is taken to be quite small. The large changes required for the distribution makes this procedure suspect. In this work we introduce a class of wave functions that are meant to apply at the scale {ital Q}{sup 2}, so that evolution is not required. These wave functions describe the motion of a current quark, or parton, relative to a residual system. (In order to calculate a cross section the residual system is placed on mass shell in the calculation.) Our procedure is inherently asymmetric in the description of the struck particlemore » and the residual system. We show how we are able to fit the (valence) structure function of the pion at {ital Q}{sup 2}=20 GeV{sup 2} (without QCD evolution) using our scheme. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less
Protein conformational transitions coupled to binding in molecular recognition of unstructured proteins: hierarchy of structural loss from all-atom Monte Carlo simulations of p27Kip1 unfolding-unbinding and structural determinants of the binding mechanism.

Conformational transitions coupled to binding are studied for the p27 K i p 1 protein which undergoes a functional disorder-to-order folding transition during tertiary complex formation with the phosphorylated cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) binary complex. Temperature-induced Monte Carlo simulations of p27 K i p 1 unfolding-unbinding carried out from the crystal structure of the tertiary complex have revealed a systematic trend in the hierarchy of structural loss for p27 K i p 1 and a considerable difference in mobility of p27 K i p 1 secondary structure elements. The most persistent interactions of p27 K i p 1 at the intermolecular interface during unfolding-unbinding simulations are formed by β-hairpin and β-strand that on average maintain their structural integrity considerably longer than other p27 K i p 1 elements. We have found that the ensemble of unfolded p27 K i p 1 conformations is characterized by transitions between mostly unbound, collapsed conformations and entropically favorable p27 K i p 1 conformations, which are weakly bound to the cyclinA side of the binary complex. The results of this study are consistent with the experimental evidence pointing to this region of the intermolecular interface as a potential initiation docking site during binding reaction and may reconcile conflicting experimental hypotheses on the recognition of substrate recruitment motifs.
Applying Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System to Fraser fir Christmas trees.

Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] is responsive to nutrient additions. Christmas tree growers are attempting to take advantage of this responsiveness in order to produce higher quality and therefore more valuable trees. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was applied to this tree crop to assess its usefulness for diagnosing nutrient needs. Of 12 tree attributes, basal diameter at a given age proved to be the best substitute for yield in DRIS calculations. The basal diameter used to separate highand low-quality populations was 30 mm for trees in 3-yr-old plantations. This number corresponded to the 90th percentile commonly used in other DRIS applications. Significantly different variances in both nutrient and dry-matter ratios between high and low basal diameter indicate that nutrient concentration as well as balance among nutrients influence basal-diameter growth. The DRIS technique appears promising for diagnosing the nutrient needs of this crop. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 5 then click button8
The Legalization of the Workplace

This study uses longitudinal data on nearly 300 American employers over the period 1955-85 to analyze the adoption of disciplinary hearings and grievance procedures for nonunion salaried and hourly employees. Hypotheses are developed from an institutional perspective that focuses, first, on uncertainty arising from government mandates concerning equal employment opportunity and affirmative action and, second, on the role of the human relations professions in constructing employment-relations law and prescribing models of compliance. Event-history techniques are used to test these hypotheses against competing arguments concerning the internal structure and labor market position of employing organizations. Results on all outcomes strongly support the institutionalist model.
Sensitivity of human cell strains to interferon.

SummaryThese studies revealed that cell strains derived from the least mature human embryos were the least sensitive to interferon and those derived from neonatal tissues were the most sensitive to IF. The significance of these observations was not demonstrated; the possible implications of the findings are obvious and were briefly discussed.
Gender Differences in the Effects of Extrinsic Motivation on Creativity

Four studies were conducted to assess gender differences in the effects of extrinsic motivation on creativity. The first study replicated an earlier one (Baer, 1997) in which expectation of evaluation lowered the creativity of middle school girls, but not boys. The second study investigated the effects of doing work for reward; again, middle school girls' creativity suffered, but not boys'. The third study, also with middle school subjects, investigated the impact of expecting ungraded feedback; this reduced both the overall negative impact of expecting evaluation and the gender difference in this regard. The fourth study investigated the impact of evaluation expectation on second-grade subjects and found that boys', but not girls', creativity was increased when they expected evaluation.
On the mechanism of action of aminopterin.

SummaryRat liver slices form from synthetic folic acid (PGA) a factor (CF) utilized for growth by Leuconostoc citrovorum; this conversion is inhibited by aminopterin. In rats given PGA, a similar inhibition of the synthesis of CF is shown by a marked decrease in the urinary excretion of CF following the administration of aminopterin. The antagonist not only prevents the metabolic alteration of PGA but also competes with the product (CF) derived from PGA. The lethal action in rats of aminopterin, 25 μg daily, is not prevented by PGA, but the daily administration of 250,000 units of CF completely counteracts the toxic effects of the antagonist. That CF is a biologically active derivative of PGA is shown by the fact that rats in which growth is arrested by PGA-deficiency, and which due to aminopterin are refractory to PGA, grow remarkably when given concentrates of the citrovorum factor.
Reactions of withaferin-A with model biological nucleophiles

Abstract Withaferin-A was reacted with three model biological nucleophiles: ethyl mercaptan, thiophenol, and l -cysteine ethyl ester. Under neutral or alkaline conditions, each of the thiols underwent facile Michael addition with the antitumor agent. The most chemically reactive site for Michael Addition reactions with the model thiols was the unsaturated A-ring of withaferin-A. The possible significance of this reaction with regard to antitumor activity is discussed.
Summary Proceedings From the Neurology Group on Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury that occurs during the perinatal period is one of the most commonly recognized causes of severe, long-term neurologic deficits in children; it is often referred to as cerebral palsy. Despite improvements in perinatal practice during the past several decades, the incidence of cerebral palsy attributed to intrapartum asphyxia has remained essentially unchanged, primarily because management strategies were supportive and not targeted toward the processes of ongoing injury. Two processes of neuronal injury can be demonstrated after hypoxia-ischemia: neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. Because the mechanisms of these processes likely differ, strategies to minimize brain damage in an affected infant after hypoxia-ischemia likely will have to include interventions that target both processes. The goals of management of a newborn infant who has sustained a hypoxic-ischemic insult and is at risk for evolving injury should include (1) early identification of the infant at highest risk for evolving to the syndrome of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, (2) supportive care to facilitate adequate perfusion and nutrients to the brain, and (3) consideration of interventions to ameliorate the processes of ongoing brain injury. Although the neurology group was unable to develop a definitive framework for the study of neuroprotective strategies for neonatal encephalopathy, it (1) listed key questions to be addressed before exploring possible study designs for managing hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonates, (2) identified important study-design issues, (3) determined general principles and key elements for neuroprotective-treatment strategies, (4) identified potential treatment strategies, (5) proposed a clinical-trial framework, and (6) identified key elements for a potential clinical-trial framework comparing hypothermia with hypothermia "plus" for moderate-to-severe encephalopathy.
Multilinear extensions and the banzhaf value

It is shown that the Banzhaf value can be obtained by differentiating the multilinear extension of a game at the midpoint of the unit cube. This gives us a composition theorem for the value of compound games. As an example, the values of the electoral college and presidential election “games” are approximated by the method of extensions.
Genocide in Bosnia: the case of Dr. Radovan Karadzic

From 1992 to 1995 the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina experienced a war of genocidal proportions between the Bosnian Serbs, the Bosnian Croats, and the Bosnian Muslims. The international Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia has indicted Dr. Radovan Karadzic--former President of the Bosnian Serb Republic, psychiatrist, and poet--as a suspected war criminal for his role in war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Karadzic remains enigmatic and poorly understood. Psychological profiling highlights in Karadzic's case the complex coalescence of the psychology of a genocide perpetrator with that of a charismatic narcissistic political leader. Such a profile may possess usefulness in forensic psychiatric investigations and legal proceedings.
ION SERIES AND THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS III. THE ACTION OF SALTS IN LOW CONCENTRATION.

1. Ions with the opposite sign of charge as that of a protein ion diminish the swelling, osmotic pressure, and viscosity of the protein. Ions with the same sign of charge as the protein ion (with the exception of H and OH ions) seem to have no effect on these properties as long as the concentrations of electrolytes used are not too high. 2. The relative depressing effect of different ions on the physical properties of proteins is a function only of the valency and sign of charge of the ion, ions of the same sign of charge and the same valency having practically the same depressing effect on gelatin solutions of the same pH while the depressing effect increases rapidly with an increase in the valency of the ion. 3. The Hofmeister series of ions are the result of an error due to the failure to notice the influence of the addition of a salt upon the hydrogen ion concentration of the protein solution. As a consequence of this failure, effects caused by a variation in the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution were erroneously attributed to differences in the nature of the ions of the salts used. 4. It is not safe to draw conclusions concerning specific effects of ions on the swelling, osmotic pressure, or viscosity of gelatin when the concentration of electrolytes in the solution exceeds M/16, since at that concentration the values of these properties are near the minimum characteristic of the isoelectric point.
Insomnia and sleep-related movement disorder.

A 35-year-old male presented with difficulty sleeping for more than 25 years. He described lying in bed tossing and turning for 1–2 h before finally falling asleep, and frequently waking up not feeling refreshed in the morning. He further stated that as long as he could remember he had been shaking his left leg to rock himself to sleep or while sitting for a long period of time. At night, he often had to wrap his left leg in multiple sheets to prevent it from moving. The shaking was relieved by walking and was not associated with any pain, tingling, cramping or creepy crawly sensation. The patient had a history of snoring, worse on his back, but denied being aware of any apneic episodes or arousals due to abnormal breathing events. His Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score was 8 out of a possible 24 points, and he had no history suggestive of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), cataplexy, narcolepsy, sleep paralysis, bruxism or somnambulism. He was not taking any medications and did not have any medical problems. The patient had a body mass index (BMI) of 19.61 kg/m. Physical examination was significant for mild retrognathia (normal cephalometric X-rays), and Grade 2 Mallampati airway with no tonsillar enlargement. The rest of the examination was normal, and the basic laboratory work-up and ferritin levels were within normal limits.
Universalism versus Modernity : Parson's Societal Typology Reconsidered

L.N THE twenty years since Parsons (1951) outlined his typology of literate societies, little systematic research has been invested in it. Yet, Black (1966) saw the typology as an antidote to the over-simplification found in the modernization literature. Modernization, convergence, and social development theories stress the impact of modern industry and communication on "traditional" societies and most assert that there is a common process which moves all societies toward a common culture.^ Hoselitz (1953) went as far as to hypothe-
Cherchez la Femme: Reproductive CRISPR and Women's Choices.

This AJOB special issue on CRISPR raises many significant issues regarding the technology's potential for human (and nonhuman) germline alteration. We were surprised, however, to find little discus...
Organization Practice: A Guide to Understanding Human Service Organizations (2nd ed.), by O'Connor, M. K., & Netting, F. E.

O'Connor and Netting's Organization Practice: A Guide to Understanding Human Service Organizations is an excellent guide through the contemporary landscape of the thought and structure of human ser...
A pilot study of loneliness in ethnic minority college students

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine how the constructs of learned resourcefulness and self-esteem contributed to the experience of global, intimate, and social loneliness among a sample of U.S. ethnic minority college students ( N = 51) including Hispanics ( n = 32) and African Americans ( n = 19). Results of three Multiple Regression Analyses revealed that self-esteem was inversely related to all three types of loneliness (global, intimate, and social), while learned resourcefulness was directly related to intimate loneliness only. Implications for future research are discussed.
The Interaction between Fluid Wall Shear Stress and Solid Circumferential Strain Affects Endothelial Gene Expression

Endothelial cells lining the walls of blood vessels are exposed simultaneously to wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential stress (CS) that can be characterized by the temporal phase angle between WSS and CS (stress phase angle – SPA). Regions of the circulation with highly asynchronous hemodynamics (SPA close to -180°) such as coronary arteries are associated with the development of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia whereas more synchronous regions (SPA closer to 0°) are spared of disease. The present study evaluates endothelial cell gene expression of 42 atherosclerosis-related genes under asynchronous hemodynamics (SPA=-180 °) and synchronous hemodynamics (SPA=0 °). This study used a novel bioreactor to investigate the cellular response of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECS) exposed to a combination of pulsatile WSS and CS at SPA=0 or SPA=-180. Using a PCR array of 42 genes, we determined that BAECS exposed to non-reversing sinusoidal WSS (10±10 dyne/cm2) and CS (4 ± 4 %) over a 7 hour testing period displayed 17 genes that were up regulated by SPA = -180 °, most of them pro-atherogenic, including NFκB and other NFκB target genes. The up regulation of NFκB p50/p105 and p65 by SPA =-180° was confirmed by Western blots and immunofluorescence staining demonstrating the nuclear translocation of NFκB p50/p105 and p65. These data suggest that asynchronous hemodynamics (SPA=-180 °) can elicit proatherogenic responses in endothelial cells compared to synchronous hemodynamics without shear stress reversal, indicating that SPA may be an important parameter characterizing arterial susceptibility to disease.
An adaptive reputation-based trust model for intelligent agents in e-marketplace

In the emerging Electronic Marketplace, intelligent agents that are reactive, proactive and social will become the major players. These intelligent agents will search for good deals, evaluate trading partners and eventually provide advice on or even make decisions on transactions for their principals. To this end, it is vitally important for the agents to be able to precisely estimate the trust of the business partners to make successful deals. This dissertation proposes an adaptive reputation-based trust model which can be utilized by intelligent agents in an open Electronic Marketplace, where the seller agents and buyer agents can enter and leave the market freely and the service quality and price of goods vary. The trust model is based on an agent's reputation history, witness testimony, and other weighting factors. Learning is integrated to make the trust model adaptive and robust in a dynamic environment. To verify the proposed adaptive reputation-based trust model and the significance of the constructs and factors of the model and to compare the performance of the proposed model with other models, a multi-agent system is built to simulate the interactions among these agents.
Serum prolactin levels and prolactin binding activity in adrenals and kidneys of male rats after dehydration, salt loading, and unilateral nephrectomy.

SummarySerum prolactin (PRL) levels and PRL binding activity in microsomal membranes from kidneys and adrenals were measured in control, water-deprived, unilaterally nephrectomized, and salt-loaded male rats. Unilateral nephrectomy and water deprivation increased serum prolactin levels significanty. Unilateral nephrectomy did not alter PRL binding activity in the kidneys, but significantly increased it in the adrenal glands. Salt loading had no effect on serum prolactin levels or PRL binding in the kidneys, but significantly increased PRL binding in the adrenal glands. Inhibition curves and tests of cross reactivity with LH, FSH, TSH, and GH showed that binding of PRL to its receptors in the kidneys and adrenals was specific. These observations suggest that PRL has a role in salt and water metabolism and that PRL receptors in the kidney and adrenals participate in this regulatory system.
Precision measurement of the 238 Pu ( n , γ ) cross section

The neutron-capture cross section for ${}^{238}\mathrm{Pu}$ was measured by using the detector for advanced neutron-capture experiments (DANCE) array, which is a highly segmented and highly efficient $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray calorimeter. The neutron-capture events were recognized by the total $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy deposited in DANCE, which is equal to the reaction $Q$ value plus the incident neutron energy. The absolute neutron-capture cross section was derived as a function of incident neutron energy from thermal to about 30 keV. The measured cross section for incident neutron energy below 18 eV was performed for the first time by using the direct method and does not support the most recently adopted changes in endf/b-vii.1 where the neutron-capture cross section was lowered by as much as a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}3$ in the neighborhood of 0.3 eV from those evaluated in endf/b-vii.0.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Beam System 'Patch Test'

A procedure, commonly referred to as a ‘Patch Test’, has been developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) to obtain correctors for Sea Beam system pointing errors and to verify system performance. The procedures described in this paper measure the biases associated with the fore and aft steering of the acoustic projector beam (pitch bias), the athwartship alignment of the received beams (roll bias), and the misalignment of the gyrocompass relative to the projector and receiver arrays (swath alignment bias). In addition, the repeatability of selected individual beams and the overalll system is determined. Verifying system performance before commencing survey operations is especially important with muiti-beam sonar systems. Because of the depths in which they are operated, pointing and alignment biases can introduce significant systematic errors in both depth find position of multi-beam soundings. Development of this procedure is a combined effort between NOS’s Office of Marine Operations and Ocean Mapping Section (OMS). The procedure was developed for General Instrument Corporation (G1C) Sea Beam swath sonar systems configured to integrate sonar, navigation, and gyrocompass data into the data acquisition system and produce single-swath contour plots from the onboard data processing system. The general procedure is also applicable to the new NOS Intermediate Depth Swath Survey System currently under development, and other swath sonar systems capable of creating single-swath contour plots.
Abstract C13: What strategies may be effective to address erectile dysfunction following treatment of prostate cancer in men of color?

Men of color in the United States continue to experience significant gaps in health conditions and mental health treatment options for cancer, diabetes and heart disease as compared with other ethnic groups. This is not a new issue, but rather a continuing problem that has plagued both the health and mental healthcare industry for decades. While all racial ethnicities are worthy of attention; African American men presenting with erectile dysfunction (ED) after treatment of prostate cancer in a mental health setting are the focus of this work. Reports of ED among African American men are far more common in medical settings and in these settings men in general and African American men in particular are rarely assessed for mental or emotional distress related to ED. In order for change to be possible to address mental health disparities in African American men, providers (urologists, oncologists, psychotherapists, psychologists, social workers, and counselors) must begin to acknowledge their own race in communication with this population to develop a therapeutic alliance. Clinicians skilled in cultural variations may not be skilled in discussions of sexuality and clinicians skilled in sexual concerns may not be skilled in discussions of culture and the impact of ethnicity on overall well-being. If strategies are not employed and tested the mental health disparities in African American men are sure to increase. In the present day, race relations are in grave danger of regressing into a history that has been challenged to change for centuries. The under-served are truly being under-served in this way due to the disproportionate numbers of clinicians, and perhaps more importantly; the lack of clinicians in training that are not taught to take ownership or create a relationship that invites differences rather than avoid it. The reason for this particular position and condition has been chosen is because of the relevance to current relations and history; along with the dire need to address sexuality in minority populations. Moreover, stereotypes of African American men as sexually “aggressive” and “weak” if they show emotions outside of aggression further stifle the exploration of etiologies of ED in this population. If strategies are not employed and rigorously tested mental and sexual health in AA will be rendered impotent. Citation Format: Sanford Jeames, Shelley Imholte. What strategies may be effective to address erectile dysfunction following treatment of prostate cancer in men of color? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C13.
May’s theorem in one dimension:

This paper provides three versions of May’s theorem on majority rule, adapted to the one-dimensional model common in formal political modeling applications. The key contribution is that single peakedness of voter preferences allows us to drop May’s restrictive positive responsiveness axiom. The simplest statement of the result holds when voter preferences are single peaked and linear (no indifferences), in which case a voting rule satisfies anonymity, neutrality, Pareto, and transitivity of weak social preference if and only if the number of individuals is odd and the rule is majority rule.
Equivalent survival after nipple-sparing compared to non-nipple-sparing mastectomy: data from California, 1988–2013

Nipple-sparing mastectomy, which may improve cosmesis, body image, and sexual function in comparison to non-nipple-sparing mastectomy, is increasingly used to treat early-stage breast cancer; however, long-term survival data are lacking. We evaluated survival after nipple-sparing mastectomy versus non-nipple-sparing mastectomy in a population-based cancer registry. We conducted an observational study using the California Cancer Registry, considering all stage 0–III breast cancers diagnosed in California from 1988 to 2013. We compared breast cancer-specific and overall survival time after nipple-sparing versus non-nipple-sparing mastectomy, using multivariable analysis. Among 157,592 stage 0–III female breast cancer patients treated with unilateral mastectomy from 1988–2013, 993 (0.6 %) were reported as having nipple-sparing and 156,599 (99.4 %) non-nipple-sparing mastectomies; median follow-up was 7.9 years. The proportion of mastectomies that were nipple-sparing increased over time (1988, 0.2 %; 2013, 5.1 %) and with neighborhood socioeconomic status, and decreased with age and stage. On multivariable analysis, nipple-sparing mastectomy was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer-specific mortality compared to non-nipple-sparing mastectomy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.98]. However, when restricting to diagnoses 1996 or later and adjusting for a larger set of covariates, risk was attenuated (HR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.52–1.42). Among California breast cancer patients diagnosed from 1988–2013, nipple-sparing mastectomy was not associated with worse survival than non-nipple-sparing mastectomy. These results may inform the decisions of patients and doctors deliberating between these surgical approaches for breast cancer treatment.
Finite-Size Scaling of Non-Gaussian Fluctuations Near the QCD Critical Point

An effective Finite-Size Scaling (FSS) of moment products from recent STAR measurements of the variance $\sigma$, skewness $S$ and kurtosis $\kappa$ of net-proton multiplicity distributions, are reported for a broad range of collision centralities in Au+Au ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 7.7 - 200$ GeV) collisions. The products $S\sigma $ and $\kappa \sigma^2 $, which are directly related to the hgher-order baryon number susceptibility ratios $\chi^{(3)}_B/\chi^{(2)}_B$ and $\chi^{(4)}_B/\chi^{(2)}_B$, show scaling patterns consistent with earlier indications for a second order phase transition at a critical end point (CEP) in the plane of temperature vs. baryon chemical potential ($T,\mu_B$) of the QCD phase diagram. The resulting scaling functions validate the earlier estimates of $T^{\text{cep}} \sim 165$ MeV and $\mu_B^{\text{cep}} \sim 95$ MeV for the location of the CEP, and the critical exponents used to assign its 3D Ising model universality class.
Intimate Partner Violence: Aggression at Close Quarters

This chapter uses the phrase nail biting rather than onychophagia because nail biting is more easily understood. Although most nail biters bite only their fingernails, some people bite their toenails as well or overclip their toenails. Occasionally, people may bite their nails as part of a behavioral disorder occasioned by intense pain. Nail biting can be reliably and simply measured by using calipers. For older teenagers and adults, the data from Malone and Massler's study indicate that fewer girls and women than boys and men bite their nails. Studies of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders have often revealed quite high levels of nail biting, among other habits. Only one trial of pharmacological agents has been described, in which clomipramine and desimipramine were compared in a double-blind, randomized study. A number of interventions have been proposed, but none has shown clear superiority in adequately designed trials.
An efficient relevance criterion for mechanical theorem proving

To solve problems in the presence of large knowledge bases, it is important to be able to decide which knowledge is relevant to the problem at hand. This issue is discussed in [1]. We present efficient algorithms for selecting a relevant subset of knowledge. These algorithms are presented in terms of resolution theorem proving in the first-order predicate calculus, but the concepts are sufficiently general to apply to other logics and other inference rules as well. These ideas should be particularly important when there are tens or hundreds of thousands of input clauses. We also present a complete theorem proving strategy which selects at each step the resolvents that appear most relevant. This strategy is compatible with arbitrary conventional strategies such as P1-deduction, locking resolution, et cetera. Also, this strategy uses nontrivial semantic information and "associations" between facts in a way similar to human problem-solving processes.
Total Synthesis of Nominal (11S)- and (11R)-Cyclocinamide A

The cyclocinamides possess a unique β2αβ2α 14-membered tetrapeptide core. The initially reported biological data and intriguing structure, which was without full stereochemical identification, necessitated synthesis of both nominal (all-S) cyclocinamide A and the 11R isomer. The completed synthesis is highlighted by the use of a (cyclo)asparagine-containing dipeptide as a turn inducing fragment. Due to inconsistencies in analytical data between natural and synthetic samples, a re-evaluation of the natural product stereochemistry appears necessary.
Representations of underrepresented characters in engineering children books

Women, people with disabilities, Blacks, Latinas and American Indians are considered underrepresented in engineering fields because they constitute a small portion of engineering students and the population of professional engineers in the United States. In order to increase underrepresented engineering degree recipients, it is necessary to provide opportunities for underrepresented students to develop their self-concept and experience positive and effective pre-college engineering experiences. Children's experiences are potentially influenced by picture books. Previous studies reveal that children compare themselves with the characters in their books who share the same backgrounds and consider the characters as role models (e.g. [1] & [2]). The picture books characters can affect children's perceptions of their backgrounds and influence their self-concepts. To address this possibility our research team examined children's books about engineering. We looked into the portrayal of underrepresented characters in 14 engineering picture books for children ages 4–8. To examine the characters' genders, ages, ethnicities, and abilities, we conducted a quantitative content analysis of these picture books based on Krippendorff's method [3]. The result of the study indicates that, though still being underrepresented, different groups of underrepresented populations are depicted more frequently in engineering picture books than the engineering field itself.
Challenges and limitations of mouse xenograft models of cancer

Abstract Xenograft models are still the backbone of translational research, but inherent weaknesses in this model contribute to the low rates of bench-to-bed translation in cancer research. This chapter discusses these limitations and outlines areas where patient-derived xenograft models may offer advantages for use in cancer research.
Tau-PET uptake: Regional variation in average SUVR and impact of amyloid deposition

Abstract Introduction Tau-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with AV1451 is sensitive to Alzheimer disease (AD)–related tau deposition in the brain. We (1) examined regional variation of average tau-PET standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in a young normal population (30–49 years) and corrected for the regional variability and (2) tested if the standardized values (z-scores) scaled appropriately to capture regional Alzheimer-specific (i.e., amyloid sensitive) tau-PET changes in individuals aged 50+ years. Methods We identified 490 individuals (70 between 30–49 years as a reference group and 420 cognitively normal between 50–95 years of age) with tau-PET and amyloid PET scans from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Results There was intrinsic regional variability in average tau-PET SUVR with uptakes higher in some regions than others, even in the younger individuals who would have minimal or no neurofibrillary tangles. We corrected for this using region of interest–specific z-scores based on the reference group. Amyloid and tau-PET uptake were associated throughout the brain after adjusting for age, with the highest correlations in the medial temporal regions. Discussion Regions with high-average SUVR are not necessarily those with the greatest tau pathology. Standardization is therefore recommended. Standardization of the data “realigns” the data such that the regional tau z-scores are informative of the disease process, that is, regions with high z-scores now coincide with regions correlated with amyloid deposition. Medial temporal structures, specifically entorhinal cortex–tau, may be useful as an AD-specific tau-PET signature due to its sensitivity to amyloid.
Reversal of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dysfunction by Treprostinil in a Rat Model of Severe Angioproliferative Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Purpose Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating cardiovascular disease of the pulmonary vasculature that remains poorly understood. Despite a number of available FDA approved drugs, survival remains low, reaching an estimated 5-year survival as low as 27%. This severe disease is characterized by dysfunction and eventual failure of the right ventricle (RV) of the heart. The main focus of therapeutic strategies thus far has been to target the pathways of pulmonary vascular remodeling that lead to the hypertensive phenotype. It is not known however, if there is an added therapeutic benefit in targeting the RV directly. Prostacyclin analogues are among the most widely used therapies for PAH. However, it is unknown whether they confer protection exclusively via attenuating pulmonary vascular remodeling and constriction or if RV myocardio-specific mechanisms are also involved. Moreover, their use in severe models of PAH has not been adequately tested. Insight into these two major unknowns could not only blaze the trail of new effective therapies for PAH to improve survival, but would also open new avenues for targeting other major forms of heart failure. To address gaps in knowledge of the underlying responses to prostacyclin, the analogue treprostinil was used in a pre-clinical rat Sugen-hypoxia (SuHx) model of angioproliferative severe PAH that closely resembles the human disease. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300g) were implanted with ALZET osmotic pumps containing vehicle or treprostinil (900 ng/kg/min), injected concurrently with a bolus of Sugen (SU5416; 20 mg/Kg) and exposed to 3 wk hypoxia (10% O2) followed by 3 wk normoxia (21% O2). RV function was assessed using pressure-volume loops measured using an admittance catheter and hypertrophy assessed by Fulton Index (FI; RV/LV+Septum wet weight). Results Treprostinil significantly reduced SuHx-associated RV hypertrophy and rise in systolic pressure (FI: 0.26 ± 0.02, 0.58 ± 0.04 & 0.37 ± 0.05, P