cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CLUSTER ANALYSIS THROUGH COMPUTER AND ITS APPLICATION

SYNOPSIS This paper puts forward a new method of rock stability classification applying a means of mathematics, known as “Cluster Analysis”. This method is called dynamic cluster classification. Eight kinds of hierarchical clustering methods in cluster analysis have also been introduced and the calculation results obtained by these methods have been given together with those given by dynamic cluster classification.
Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Wind Turbine Blades under Variable Wind Speed Conditions Using Particle Filters

Rotor blades are the most complex structural components in a wind turbine and are subjected to continuous cyclic loads of wind and self-weight variation. The structural maintenance operations in wind farms are moving towards condition based maintenance (CBM) to avoid premature failures. For this, damage prognosis with remaining useful life (RUL) estimation in wind turbine blades is necessary. Wind speed variation plays an important role influencing the loading and consequently the RUL of the structural components. This study investigates the effect of variable wind speed between the cutin and cut-out speeds of a typical wind farm on the RUL of a damage detected wind turbine blade as opposed to average wind speed assumption. RUL of wind turbine blades are estimated for different initial crack sizes using particle filtering method which forecasts the evolution of fatigue crack addressing the non-linearity and uncertainty in crack propagation. The stresses on a numerically simulated life size onshore wind turbine blade subjected to the above wind speed loading cases are used in computing the crack propagation observation data for particle filters. The effects of variable wind speed on the damage propagation rates and RUL in comparison to those at an average wind speed condition are studied and discussed.
Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Imaging Using Compressive Sensing and a Holey Cavity

This paper explores the use of compressive sensing (CS) methods to microwave-induced thermoacoustics (TA) imaging. Moreover, it proposes the use of a holey cavity as a mechanism to enhance the reconstruction properties of the sensing matrix. The CS imaging and the holey cavity reduce the number of measurements needed to perform the imaging, thus reducing the overall complexity of the imaging system.
The Geometry of Real Solutions to the Power Flow Equations

Analyses of power engineering networks rely on an understanding of the power flow equations, a system of quadratic equations relating power injections and voltages at each node. Finding the number of nontrivial, real solutions to these equations is an active area of study. In this paper we propose that in general for a fixed topology, a single, univariate polynomial whose coefficients are polynomials in the network susceptances suffices for determining the number of nontrivial, real solutions to the power flow equations. We then exploit this polynomial to gain geometric insight to the solution regions for a fixed network where a solution region is the region in the space of susceptances wherein the number of real solutions to the system is some fixed constant. This type of analysis allows easier insight to robustness analysis for varying susceptances. We observe that some solution regions resemble thickened hyperplanes and therefore appear as stripes in our figures.
Modeling Deltaic Lobe-Building Cycles and Channel Avulsions for the Yellow River Delta, China

River deltas grow by repeating cycles of lobe development punctuated by channel avulsions, so that over time, lobes amalgamate to produce a composite landform. Existing models have shown that backwater hydrodynamics are important in avulsion dynamics, but the effect of lobe progradation on avulsion frequency and location has yet to be explored. Herein, a quasi‐2‐D numerical model incorporating channel avulsion and lobe development cycles is developed. The model is validated by the well‐constrained case of a prograding lobe on the Yellow River delta, China. It is determined that with lobe progradation, avulsion frequency decreases, and avulsion length increases, relative to conditions where a delta lobe does not prograde. Lobe progradation lowers the channel bed gradient, which results in channel aggradation over the delta topset that is focused farther upstream, shifting the avulsion location upstream. Furthermore, the frequency and location of channel avulsions are sensitive to the threshold in channel bed superelevation that triggers an avulsion. For example, avulsions occur less frequently with a larger superelevation threshold, resulting in greater lobe progradation and avulsions that occur farther upstream. When the delta lobe length prior to avulsion is a moderate fraction of the backwater length (0.3–0.5L_b), the interplay between variable water discharge and lobe progradation together set the avulsion location, and a model capturing both processes is necessary to predict avulsion timing and location. While this study is validated by data from the Yellow River delta, the numerical framework is rooted in physical relationships and can therefore be extended to other deltaic systems.
Dynamic prioritized motion coordination of multi-AGV systems

Abstract The motion coordination problem for a fleet of Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in a confined industrial facility is addressed. The working scenario involves a group of AGVs that is tasked to transport without collisions to predefined locations within the industrial facility. We introduce a centralized motion coordination controller that utilizes a dynamic priority logic to resolve motion conflicts between AGVs as they appear. The controller relies on the implementation of a predefined, virtual transportation network that is comparable to a conventional right-handed bidirectional traffic system. The construction of the transportation network considers the physical and motion characteristics of the AGVs (dimensions and maximum speed). The high-level function of the controller is to detect imminent collisions and determine the right-of-way of conflicting AGVs in same-directional routes and intersection junctions of the transportation network. The priority update logic is inspired by the traffic control of conventional four-way stop-controlled intersections. Based on the updated priorities, the motion coordinator adjusts the advancement of the AGVs to eliminate collisions. The proposed formulation combines a high-level event-driven logic for collision avoidance with low-level feedback control laws for guidance and navigation. As a result, the controller relies only on real-time measurements, removing the need for computationally demanding look-ahead predictions (heuristics) of the AGVs’ motion. It is shown that the proposed method ensures collision- and blockage-free motion of a large number of AGVs. Extensive numerical simulations validate the performance of the motion coordination algorithm.
Catecholamines in the regulation of angiogenesis in cutaneous wound healing

Angiogenesis involves the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, and it is an essential step during cutaneous wound healing, which supports cells at the wound site with nutrition and oxygen. Impaired angiogenesis in the wound tissues results in delayed wound closure and healing. Among the regulators of angiogenesis, the role of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) is of interest due to their diverse roles in the process of wound healing. While both norepinephrine and epinephrine mostly inhibit the angiogenic process in cutaneous wounds, dopamine, the other member of the catecholamine family, has interesting and contradictory roles in the regulation of angiogenesis in the wound beds, depending on the type of dopamine receptor involved. The stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors negatively regulates the angiogenic process in normal dermal wounds and thereby delays healing, whereas the stimulation of dopamine D1 receptors promotes angiogenesis and expedites healing in diabetic wounds. Importantly, catecholamines also play important roles in other pathological conditions, and specific agonists and antagonists of catecholamines are available for the treatment of some disorders. Therefore, such drugs may be utilized for the management of angiogenesis to promote the healing of dermal wounds. This review provides a broad overview of the angiogenic process during cutaneous wound healing and the regulatory roles played by catecholamines during the process.
Safety of endoscopist-directed nurse-administered balanced propofol sedation in patients with severe systemic disease (ASA class III).

Background and Aims The safety of endoscopist-directed nurse-administered propofol sedation (EDNAPS) has been demonstrated in low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] class I and II). There are limited data regarding the safety of EDNAPS for endoscopic procedures in ASA class III patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of EDNAPS for routine outpatient endoscopy in this population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all outpatient EGDs and colonoscopies performed with EDNAPS at the University of Utah from January 2015 to November 2018. Exclusion criteria were inpatient procedures, combined procedures, ASA IV or higher, use of continuous or bilevel positive airway pressure at the start of the procedure, or procedures performed by a nongastroenterologist. Major adverse events were defined as intubation or death. Minor adverse events were defined as hypoxia, hypotension, bradycardia, or need for airway interventions. Patients were stratified by procedure type and ASA I/II status and were compared with patients with ASA III status and matched according to age, gender, and the involvement of a fellow in a 3 to 1 fashion. Results The final sample size was 18,910 colonoscopy procedures (17,205 patients) and 9178 EGD procedures (6827 patients). In both colonoscopy and EGD procedures, there were no major adverse events such as intubation, need for resuscitation, or death. The rates of any airway intervention, jaw thrust, oral nasal airway, or use of positive pressure ventilation were low in both procedure types and not different between ASA I/II and ASA III patients. Conclusion EDNAPS is safe in both ASA I/II and ASA class III patients undergoing routine outpatient endoscopy.
Effects of semantic reinforcement, semantic discrimination, and affix frequency on new word learning in skilled and less skilled readers in Grades 6 to 12.

Abstract Two approaches to word learning were investigated in 1214 6th- to 12th-grade students. Definitions were provided, followed either by two sentences that were semantically correct exemplars, called semantic reinforcement learning, or by one correct sentence and a contrasting incorrect sentence (i.e., example followed by a structurally aligned non-example), called semantic discrimination learning. Type of learning was blocked, and examples and non-examples were explained. Effects of affix frequency were also assessed. Students were taught words, followed by assessments of abilities to recall the meanings of the words immediately after learning them, to choose the correct words among distractors to match given definitions after all words had been instructed, and to judge the semantic veracity of new sentences containing taught words 1–3 days later. Explanatory item response models were used to predict word learning using student and item characteristics along with their interactions. Few grade-related differences emerged. Higher-frequency affixes were generally beneficial for learning and retention across comprehension skill levels and measures. Immediate recall of word meanings was facilitated by semantic reinforcement learning. In contrast, performance after all the words had been instructed was facilitated by semantic discrimination learning, but only for more highly skilled comprehenders. The ability to learn the meanings of new words accounted for unique variance on one measure of reading comprehension, controlling for decoding, previously acquired vocabulary knowledge, and working memory. Results are discussed with reference to models of vocabulary learning and implications for vocabulary instruction for adolescents.
Ultrafast light field tomography

We present a new category of computational ultrafast imaging technique, light field tomography (LIFT), which can perform 3D snapshot transient (time-resolved) imaging at an unprecedented frame rate with full-fledged light field imaging capabilities including depth retrieval, post-capture refocusing, and extended depth of field. As a niche application, we demonstrated real-time non-line-of-sight imaging of fast-moving hidden objects, which is previously impossible without the presented technique. Moreover, we showcased 3D imaging of fiber-guided light propagation along a twisted path and the capability of resolving extended 3D objects.
The Social Construction of Professional Knowledge: Social Work Ideology, 1956-1973

This paper reports on patterns and trends of ideological advocacy in social work. Findings from a content analysis of Social Work indicate that conceptions of this service profession have changed over a recent eighteen year period. Changes in professional meanings are analyzed in terms of authors' educational status, employment setting, and the problematic topics they discussed. This analysis supports a process model of reality construction in professional arenas and provides implications for the self-conscious management of professional imagery.
Genetic Mechanisms Responsible for Dietary Restriction Dependent Lifespan Extension in Drosophila Melanogaster: A Role for Muscle Tissue

Dietary Restriction (DR) is a robust intervention that is known to extend lifespan and increase spontaneous activity in multiple species. Whether activity increase plays a causal role in mediating the health protective benefits of DR remains unknown. To investigate this relationship, nutritional manipulations and laboratory selection for lifespan were simultaneously applied. Three physiological outputs were used for the screening and characterization of genes that may mediate the effects of DR: starvation resistance, spontaneous activity levels, and lifespan. The physiologic changes that occur are partially mediated by the nutrient sensing TOR pathway and its downstream signaling components, specifically the translational repressor, eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E binding protein (4E-BP). Overexpression of constitutively active d4E-BP in the muscle tissue of Drosophila melanogaster led to starvation resistance and increased activity in flies fed a nutrient rich diet. However, the associated lifespan extension effect observed in previous studies was not reproduced. This may be due to the use of a different laboratory strain of d4E-BP, of which there are several. Three downstream targets of 4E-BP were identified from screening: Fumble, Nemo, and Nedd2-like Caspase. Both Fumble and Nemo extend lifespan upon DR when inhibited in the muscle tissue. While these candidate genes hold promise for future studies in healthy aging, sources of variation in results must be controlled. In order to truly understand the influence that a specific mutant gene has on lifespan, results need to be clearly interpretable, robust and repeatable. Only then will it be possible to start making conjectures about their relevance to human aging.
Nonlinear Electronic and Dynamical Response of Solids in the Ultrashort Time Domain

This lecture departs from many of the others of this volume mostly because it concentrates on a comparison of experimental results with theory and because it is being presented by an experimentalist rather than by a theorist. Actually, the material which I present involves experimental results which have outpaced their theoretical basis, not in the sense that a theoretical basis does not exist, but rather that its application to the experimental situation is either too cumbersome to carry out or some components of the analysis, such as crystal potential or electronic wavefunctions, are not sufficiently known. Hence, a secondary task of mine is to indicate areas in the electronic and dynamical response of solids in which renewed efforts toward detailed, quantitative, theoretical approaches appear to be appropriate.
Stem Cell Therapies for Male Infertility: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going?

Chemotherapy and radiation treatments for cancer and other conditions can cause permanent infertility. Adult men have the option to cryopreserve a semen sample with sperm prior to treatment and use their sample in the future to have biological children using the established assisted reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This option is not available to prepubertal boys who are not yet producing mature sperm. However, these boys do have spermatogonial stem cells in their testes that are poised to initiate sperm production at puberty. Centers in the United States and abroad are actively cryopreserving testicular tissue for prepubertal cancer patients, bone marrow transplant patients, and others in anticipation that stem cell therapies will be available for them in the future. This chapter reviews progress in the development of spermatogonial stem cell transplantation, testicular tissue grafting and xenografting, testicular tissue organ culture, de novo testicular morphogenesis, and pluripotent stem cell-derived gametogenesis. The prepubertal cancer patient is used throughout this chapter as a model for discussion, which intended to stimulate thinking about other applications of stem cell technologies for preserving and treating male infertility.
Neuroendocrinology of Body Fluid Homeostasis

The hormonal control of body fluid homeostasis has served as an important model for neurohormonal interactions. Perturbations to body fluid levels generally occur in two forms: those leading to intracellular fluid reduction and those removing fluid from the extracellular space. Each form has a specific set of physiological responses that reduce the impact of the deficit and help prevent additional loss, but restoration of homeostasis requires changes in behavior. This chapter describes the neural, endocrine, and behavioral phenomena that occur in response to deficits in body fluid while highlighting the wealth of information that has arisen from research in this area.
The Fed's New Communication Strategy: Is It Stealth Inflation Targeting?

Along with the minutes of the October 30-31, 2007, meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee released a summary of its members' forecasts of key economic variables, a practice that is to be continued. Does this change in communication policy imply that the Fed is embarking on an undeclared policy of inflation targeting? Recent speeches by members of the FOMC indicate that the objective of releasing the forecasts is to enhance communication of policy concerns relating to its dual mandate of low inflation and low unemployment rather than set a specific target for inflation. This paper discusses the effectiveness of releasing forecasts in communicating the FOMC's policy to the public and its value as an internal discipline. It also proposes ways to include projections of policy interest rates in the forecasts while retaining flexibility to react to changing circumstances.
Coupled transcription-polyadenylation in a cell-free system.

Abstract To investigate the relationship between transcription and polyadenylation, an in vitro system has been developed in which endogenously transcribed pre-mRNAs containing functional polyadenylation sites are rapidly and accurately cleaved in a HeLa nuclear extract. Cleavage of endogenously transcribed substrates differed from that of exogenous substrates in that a proximal 3' terminus was not required, the reaction was more tolerant of increased Mg2+ levels, and endogenous substrates were cleaved more efficiently. A promoter dependence for this reaction was suggested by the observation that substrates transcribed by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of nuclear extract were not cleaved. In addition, analysis of the bovine growth hormone poly(A) site indicated that it is highly efficient in vitro which agrees with previous in vivo data. The availability of an in vitro system in which transcription and polyadenylation are coupled should facilitate analysis of the relation between 3' end processing and RNA polymerase II transcription termination as well as the promoter requirements for polyadenylation.
Anisotropic Ellipsoidal Smoothing of Volume Data

This paper describes a simple image processing algorithm for identifying and smoothing cell membranes in tomographic reconstructions of electron micrographs of frozen bacteria.
On the zeros of power series with Hadamard gaps

Let be a power series with Hadamard gaps, convergent in |z|
The Denver Universal Microspectroradiometer (DUM)

SUMMARY This paper discusses the design and describes the construction of an accurate digital microspectrophotometer, microspectrofluorimeter and microrefractometer known as the ‘Denver Universal Microspectroradiometer’ (DUM). The instrument operates in the spectral range of between 428.3 and 1303.4 THz (700–230 nm). Microscopic objects are scanned digitally in two dimensions and absolute digital spectra of various kinds are obtained automatically. Optical path differences can be measured automatically in the same microdomains in which absorbance, fluorescence and bioluminescence are studied. Measurements on solutions in standard cuvettes, and other macroscopic objects, can be made without altering the alignment of the optical components used in microanalysis. The multi-detector radiometric system is based on the principle of synchronous single photoelectron counting. The operation of the entire system is controlled by an integral computer which is also used for on-line data-processing, reduction and analysis. Automatic multiparametric and multicomponent analyses can be carried out with relative ease. The quality of the images obtained is largely diffraction-limited, and the instrumental uncertainty of measurement is essentially that imposed by the quantum statistics of the radiation captured by the detectors. The linear dynamic range is about 108. The limit of detectability of absorbance is of the order of 0.0001. The system is sensitive enough to measure paucimolecular photoemissive events, such as cellular bioluminescence, yielding about 0.1s−1 photoelectrons (equivalent photocathode current ≃3 times 10−22 A). The absolute accuracy of the system is limited principally by uncertainties inherent in currently available methods of calibrating the spectral response of detectors.
How the Decisions in Favor of the Stein Thirteen Will Affect the Litigation of Corporate Crime and Department of Justice Policies and Expand the sixth Amendment Right to Counsel

Christopher McNamara* The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit became the first appellate court in nearly thirty years to uphold the dismissal of criminal indictments for a Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel violation. United States v. Stein is a unique case that intertwines constitutional interpretation, constitutional remedies, white collar crime, and U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) policy. The immediate effects of the Stein decisions not only reflect the changing attitudes at the DOJ on how to prosecute white collar crime but have simultaneously caused the DOJ to implement such changes. As the Sixth Amendment has developed and augmented, so has the interpretation of remedies when there is a right-tocounsel violation. This Note explores the Stein decisions in light of existing doctrines, and concludes that while certain parts of the decisions are legally sound, other parts—right or wrong—may present direct challenges to existing jurisprudence.
The Political Incorporation of (In)Migrants in the United States: The Case of Puerto Ricans

In this paper I look at Puerto Ricans in New York City between 1960-1965 to illustrate aspects of the process of political incorporation as experienced by (in)migrants, that is, foreign-born individuals who enter a host society as citizens. Based on the experience of Puerto Rican political elites and their impact at the mass level, I argue that political incorporation should be understood in terms of the achievement of equality and substantive outcomes. Equality is understood as the achievement of political and social citizenship rights and the measure of substantive outcomes is structural assimilation. Structural assimilation is understood as full membership in the political, social, and economic institutions of the majority leading to at least economic equality. In taking this approach the paper veers off the focus of attention of the immigrant incorporation literature. In the literature, political incorporation is considered to be a function of immigration history and policies instead of being tied to the outcome of political participation after naturalization. The role of citizenship rules, in particular those rules that distinguish between jus sanguinis and jus soli, is particularly prominent in the literature. In most studies, citizenship signals incorporation and the key question is what prompts, hinders, or regulates its adoption among different national groups in Western democracies. The paper begins by suggesting that the literature on immigrant political incorporation is limited because it does not pay enough attention to substantive as opposed to formal indicators of membership in the political and civil society. While a focus on citizenship may appear to suggest equality as a marker of incorporation, the experience of what I call (in)migrants suggests that citizenship is more a starting point than a destination.
Classification of Neisseria meningitidis Group B into Distinct Serotypes IV. Preliminary Chemical Studies on the Nature of the Serotype Antigen

Group B Neisseria meningitidis has been subdivided into 11 distinct serotypes by a sensitive bactericidal inhibition technique. The antigens responsible for induction of bactericidal type-specific antibodies were found to be extractable from the group B cells with heating at 100 C either by 0.017 n HCl in saline or by normal saline. These extracted serotype antigens were detected by a capillary precipitin test. The development of methods for extraction and assay of the serotype antigens permitted studies on their immunochemistry. The serotype antigens were distinct from the group-specific substance. Acid extracts contained abundant serotype antigen, but were devoid of group-specific substance. The identity of serotype antigens as proteins was confirmed by their sensitivity to Pronase and trypsin. The molecular weight of these antigens as estimated by G-200 Sephadex chromatography and by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels is in excess of 200,000 daltons. Saline extracts containing the serotype antigen could be fractionated into three distinct fractions with acetic acid: pH 4.5 and pH 3.5 precipitated fractions and a pH 3.5 supernatant fraction. The pH 4.5 precipitated fraction contained the serotype antigen.
Expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and recruitment of neutrophils after traumatic brain injury in rats.

Traumatic brain injury (FBI) is often ac- companied by an acute inflammatory reaction medi- ated initially by neutrophils. Adhesion molecules ex- pressed on vascular endothelium are requisite elements during recruitment of leukocytes at sites of inflam- mation. In a rat model of TBI the induction and per- sistent expression of E-selectin (CD62E) on cerebro- vascular endothelium ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to the site of contusion was demonstrated (P < 0.05 at 4 and 48 h posttrauma). In addition, these studies confirmed up-regulation and prolonged expression of ICAM-1 (CD54) on endothelium in the traumatized hemisphere (P < 0.05 at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h post- trauma). It is of interest that increased expression of CD54 was noted on blood vessels in the contralateral, non-traumatized hemisphere 48 h posurauma. Ex- pression of a third endothelial adhesion molecule, PECAM-1 (CD31), was unchanged following trauma. Administration of a murine monoclonal antibody (TM-8) that inhibits the adhesive function of CD54 blocked a significant portion (37.9%) of neutrophil recruitment 24 h posttrauma (P = 0.04). Employing immunocytochemistry and a monoclonal antibody spe- cffic for rat neutrophils (RP-3), peak infiltration of neutrophils was shown to occur 48 h after trauma. In contrast to emigration of neutrophils from blood yes- sels within the contusion, howeyer, entry of neutro- plith occurred from the surrounding leptomeninges and choroidal yessels. These studies demonstrate the relevance ofCD54 (ICAM-!) in recruitment of neutro- phiL; following TBI. However, the majority of neutrophil influx relies on endothelial adhesion molecules other than CD54. Because emigration of neutrophils was shown to occur predominantly from vessels within the leptomeninges and choroid plexus, intrathecal deliy- ery of agents that inhibit the adhesiye interactions be- tween neutrophils, endothelial CD54, and other endo- thelial adhesion molecules to be defined may offer a novel form oftherapy to prevent the acute inflammatory response that follows TBI. J. Leukoc. Biol. 61: 279- 285; 1997.
An Atypical AAA+ ATPase Assembly Controls Efficient Transposition through DNA Remodeling and Transposase Recruitment

Transposons are ubiquitous genetic elements that drive genome rearrangements, evolution, and the spread of infectious disease and drug-resistance. Many transposons, such as Mu, Tn7, and IS21, require regulatory AAA+ ATPases for function. We use X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to show that the ATPase subunit of IS21, IstB, assembles into a clamshell-shaped decamer that sandwiches DNA between two helical pentamers of ATP-associated AAA+ domains, sharply bending the duplex into a 180° U-turn. Biochemical studies corroborate key features of the structure and further show that the IS21 transposase, IstA, recognizes the IstB•DNA complex and promotes its disassembly by stimulating ATP hydrolysis. Collectively, these studies reveal a distinct manner of higher-order assembly and client engagement by a AAA+ ATPase and suggest a mechanistic model where IstB binding and subsequent DNA bending primes a selected insertion site for efficient transposition.
Maternal Style in Reminiscing

Abstract Past research indicates that parents show distinct differences in style while reminiscing with their preschool children; across families, both fathers and mothers tend to be more elaborative (i.e., provide more contextual support) with daughters than with sons. Further, these differences in style are related to children's performance in such conversations. This study examines within-family similarity in maternal style and the relations between maternal style and child gender and temperament. Mothers from 16 families, each with one male and one female child aged 3 and 5 years, participated individually in memory conversations. Results indicated that mothers showed similar use of elaborations across children but used more repetitions and evaluations in conversations with younger children. Contrary to previous research, maternal style was not related to child gender; however, relations were found between child temperament and maternal style. Results are discussed in relation to the social interaction model of autobiographical memory.
Temperature dependence of the resonance linewidth in EuO

Abstract The linewidth at 25 GHz of single crystal EuO decreases monotonically from 1200 to 50 Oe in the range 300°K to 2°K. An abrupt narrowing of the linewidth from ∼ 1000 to 100 Oe is observed in the vicinity of the critical point Tc ≈ 70°K, in agreement with the theory of Tomita.
Kinetics of Primary Cyclization Reactions in Cross-Linked Polymers: An Analytical and Numerical Approach to Heterogeneity in Network Formation

It is difficult to characterize the kinetics of cyclization reactions during free radical photopolymerization of multivinyl monomers because of the varying pendant double bond reactivities and inhomogeneities in the system. Primary cyclization, where a pendant double bond reacts intramolecularly with the propagating active center that formed it, leads to formation of microgels in the network. A new analytical and numerical approach is presented that solves the differential kinetic equations and can be used to investigate the factors influencing cyclization versus cross-linking reactions. Data are presented comparing two approaches, one based on numerical integration of the appropriate balances and one based on an analytical solution.
Dichlorobenzamil inhibits stimulated bone resorption in vitro

We have previously proposed that stimulated release of Ca from bone requires Na-Ca exchange. 3',4'-Dichlorobenzamil (DCB), an amiloride analog, has been shown to directly block Na-Ca exchange in cardiac tissue. To further test our hypothesis we have characterized the effect of DCB on basal and stimulated bone resorption from neonatal mouse calvaria in vitro. DCB inhibition of resorption from bones stimulated with 1 nM PTH was dose dependent. The IC50 was about 7 microM, and complete inhibition occurred at 10 microM. DCB alone inhibited basal Ca release at 10 microM. Amiloride, which is less potent as an inhibitor of Na-Ca exchange, had no effect on PTH-stimulated resorption at concentrations lower than 0.1 mM, but inhibited basal resorption at 10 microM. Stimulated Ca release was inhibited either by continuous treatment with DCB plus PTH for 72 h or by a short pretreatment with DCB alone, followed by removal of DCB before addition of PTH. At least 9-h pretreatment with DCB was necessary to block the subsequent response to PTH. The inhibitory effect of DCB pretreatment could be prevented if PTH was present together with DCB during pretreatment periods of 24 h or less. This reversibility suggests that the inhibition by DCB is not simply a toxic effect of the drug. DCB also inhibited resorption stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or prostaglandin E2, which indicates that the effect of DCB is beyond the level of specific hormone-receptor interaction. Thus, the data are consistent with a role for Na-Ca exchange in the process of hormonally stimulated bone resorption.
Deposition of YSZ Thin Films by Atmospheric Plasma-Assisted Pulsed Laser Ablation

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films have been deposited on a nickel-based substrate by a laser-assisted plasma coating technique at atmospheric pressure. The substrate is heated by an atmospheric plasma torch to 800 °C to form a thermally grown oxide layer and is increased to 1000 °C during film deposition. The deposited films show columnar structures similar to films deposited in high-vacuum deposition methods. The microstructures of the deposited YSZ films have been examined by focused-ion beam and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Formulation of Israeli Palestine Policy: A Consideration of the Variables

While the attempt to predict actual political behaviour is generally as risky as it is unrewarding, there appears to be value in identifying and evaluating the variables which may bear upon Israeli intentions and capabilities with regard to the Palestine question in the decade of the 1980's. This article grew out of a paper read in Amman early in 1981 in which the author attempted to assess such behaviour, paying especial attention not only to historically reinforced patterns of initiative and response but also to momentum or drift in determining factors where such motion can be discerned. The thrust of this discussion is not to attempt predictions concerning the evolution in the 1980's of Israeli policy towards Palestine or the Arab states, but rather to propose for consideration a set of variables which can be organized according to three categories. These categories include 1) the evolution of the domestic political process in Israel; 2) the pattern of social and economic development within the country; and 3) the external factors impinging upon Israeli policy-makers as they weigh their options and formulate their programmes.
Will the next generation of basal insulins offer clinical advantages

The 21st century has seen the arrival of several insulin analogue products and the refinement of insulin regimens, with widespread advocacy of continuous titration algorithms and earlier initiation of supplementary insulin therapy (predominantly using basal insulins) in type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, many insulin-treated diabetes patients remain in poor glycaemic control. This might reflect insufficient titration effort or lax adherence, but these issues could in some cases result from concerns about hypoglycaemia. Certainly there is scope for improving the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of basal insulin, and three new products offer this prospect. Insulin degludec, now in clinical use, and PEGylated insulin lispro, in development, have greatly extended action profiles that result from two very different, but unique, mechanisms. With once-daily dosing, these insulins produce stable PK/PD profiles at steady state, associated with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia. The feasibility of varied daily dose timing has also been confirmed with insulin degludec. High strength formulations of insulin glargine and insulin degludec offer the prospect of a reduced injection number/volume in high dose users, and in the case of glargine, the PK/PD profile might also be favourably modified. This review considers critically the clinical evidence and expectations we should have for these new basal insulins.
Local Government Administrators A Balance Wheel Breakdown

Using qualitative data gathered from interviews with municipal department heads in a random sample of South Carolina municipalities, this article presents evidence that local administrators fail to characterize themselves as participants in political processes. When faced with political issues or conflicts, they preferred to fall back on professional standards or hierarchical deference. This contrasts with Barth's (1991, 1993) study of federal administrators that supported Rohr's (1986) "balance wheel" model of administrators. Local government administrators reflected more of a corporate than apolitical model, which, in turn, harks back to the ideology of Wilsonian, progressive reform literature. This suggests that local administrators practice in an environment significantly different from that of their federal and state counterparts, and different from that described in generic public administration literature. These findings warrant the attention of public administration researchers and teachers.
A genic substitute for isolation in hybrid corn seed production

Complete isolation of production fields for hybrid corn seed is difficult to attain in our Middle West. When the seed being produced is field corn seed and it is fertilized by other field corns, contamination is difficult to detect and not very serious. But when the seed being grown is of a specialized type, such as popcorn or waxy corn, outcrossing is most detrimental. A practical solution to this isolation problem lies in a unique type of cross-sterility discovered in some of our popcorns.
Thermodynamic stability of the bacteriorhodopsin lattice as measured by lipid dilution.

To determine the strength of noncovalent interactions that stabilize a membrane protein complex, we have developed an in vitro method for quantifying the dissociation of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) lattice, a naturally occurring two-dimensional crystal. A lattice suspension was titrated with a short- and long-chain phosphatidylcholine mixture to dilute BR within the lipid bilayer. The fraction of BR in the lattice form as a function of added lipid was determined by visible circular dichroism spectroscopy and fit with a cooperative self-assembly model to obtain a critical concentration for lattice assembly. Critical concentration values of wild-type and mutant proteins were used to calculate the change in lattice stability upon mutation (¢¢G). By using this method, a series of mutant proteins was examined in which residues at the BR-BR interface were replaced with smaller amino acids, either Ala or Gly. Most of the mutant lattices were destabilized, with ¢¢G values of 0.2-1.1 kcal/mol at 30 °C, consistent with favorable packing of apolar residues in the membrane. One mutant, I45A, was stabilized by 1.0 kcal/mol, possibly due to increased lipid entropy. The ¢¢G values agreed well with previous in vivo measurements, except in the case of I45A. The ability to measure the change in stability of mutant protein complexes in a lipid bilayer may provide a means of determining the contributions of specific protein-protein and protein- lipid interactions to membrane protein structure.
Quechua language attitudes and maintenance in Cuzco, Peru

This article qualitatively and quantitatively investigates the Quechua language attitudes and maintenance practices of the members of two non-profit, non-governmental agencies in Cuzco, Peru. Within their respective agency/community contexts, the members of both groups claim to have significantly more positive attitudes toward Quechua and exhibit more successful Quechua maintenance practices than have been reported for other Quechua speakers in past research. To account for this sharp contrast between the findings of this work and those of other researchers, it is argued that membership in the two agencies plays a role. Furthermore, it is suggested that the two communities described here may serve as models for the creation of other planned home/community environments for Quechua speakers undergoing language shift as well as for the speakers of other endangered languages in general. As such, this work provides two examples of micro-prestige-planning.
Production of and response to growth-stimulating activity in isolated bone cells.

Autologous growth-promoting activity has been shown to be secreted by bone organ cultures. To identify the cellular source of these growth factors, we have studied the activity present in cell extracts prepared from isolated bone cells released early or late from mouse calvariae following collagenase digestion. Previous studies have established that early released cell populations reside on the bone surface and consist of a heterogeneous mixture of cells that are less osteoblastic than late released cells. We find that soluble extracts of the latter cells contain more growth-promoting activity/mg of cellular protein than those of the former. By this criterion late released cells appear to be the major source of endogenous growth factors. On the other hand, upon exposure to bone cell-derived cell extracts, early released cells express a greater-fold increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation into acid insoluble radioactivity than late released osteoblasts because of the high basal mitogenic activity of the latter which may be related to their production of autologous growth factor. These data suggest that both early and later released cells may be major targets for bone growth factors produced in situ by late released osteoblasts.
Pathogenesis of macular holes and therapeutic implications.

Abstract Purpose To review the literature and identify consistencies and inconsistencies in existing theories of pathogenesis and to consider some of their possible therapeutic implications. Design Presentation of clinical case material with a synthesis of ideas on macular holes. Methods The literature of macular hole surgery is reviewed pertinent to pathogenic theories. Clinical examples of evolving macular holes shown on ocular coherence tomography are presented to illustrate issues. Results The history of pathogenesis and macular holes is interesting in that, in many ways pathogenic theory has come full cycle. Initially, anteroposterior traction was thought to cause direct formation of a macular hole. Subsequently, degenerative and then tangential tractional etiologies were proposed. Current imaging studies have greatly advanced our understanding of anatomic features of full-thickness holes and early full-thickness hole conditions. These are most consistent with a focal anteroposterior traction mechanism, but some inconsistences in clinical cases suggest a role for degeneration of the inner retinal layers. Conclusions Degeneration of the inner retinal layers at the central fovea may predispose the eye to macular hole formation. What may otherwise be incidental tractional forces appear to initiate the hole. These tractional elements are oriented perpendicularly to the retinal surface, rather than tangentially. Further observations, especially with sequential observations from ocular coherence tomography, may yield further insights into the pathogenesis of macular holes as well as implications regarding the best repair techniques.
Recent Views on Identifying Impacts from Public Libraries

ABSTRACT This paper provides a review and analysis of key topics and issues related to identifying and describing impacts that result from public library services. The paper first describes key terms and explores the notion of a “public good” as it pertains to library services. Based on a number of studies, the paper offers a typology of public library impacts and the importance of those impacts for local communities. Specific types of impact are identified and described with emphasis on the importance of impacts on local economic development. The paper concludes by discussing a number of issues and strategies that should be considered when public librarians wish to promote economic development as an outcome from library services.
Servant leadership at Heritage Bible College: a single‐case study

This case study used the variables of both Patterson's and Winston's models of servant leadership and examined the attitudes of employees at Heritage Bible College toward their leader to determine if the leader was a servant leader and if the variables of the two models helped explain the process by which leaders and followers serve each other in the organization. Thirteen employees and the leader provided data triangulated by three methods of data collection: the researcher's observations over a two‐year period, the data from the Servant‐Shepherd Leadership Indicator, and responses to ten in‐depth interview questions. This case study supports the use of Patterson's and Winston's models of servant leadership, or at least confirms the specific variables examined by the interview question/topics: trust, empowerment, vision, altruism, intrinsic motivation, commitment, and service.
Thin-layer electrochemical studies of the oxidative underpotential deposition of sulfur and its application to the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy deposition of CdS

Abstract The oxidative underpotential deposition (UPD) of S from a sulfide solution has been demonstrated and investigated using a polycrystalline Au electrode in a thin-layer electrochemical cell. UPD S appears to form spontaneously when a clean Au electrode is exposed to the sulfide solution. Subsequent oxidation of the sulfide to bulk sulfur is quantitative at potentials above −0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl/1 M NaCl. This adsorbed S is quantitatively converted to sulfate in acidic electrolytes at potentials above 0.7 V. Oxidation of adsorbed S in a base solution also appears to form sulfates at potentials above 0.3 V; however, the process was considerably slower than that in an acid. The use of oxidative S UPD in the deposition of CdS using the method of electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) is also reported. An ECALE cycle was developed using a 2.5 mM Na2S solution alternated with a 10 mM CdSO4 solution. Both S and Cd were deposited at −0.6 V. Studies of deposits resulting from up to five ECALE cycles produced coverages of 0.45 monolayers of Cd and S per cycle, where 0.5 monolayers would have been ideal. In addition, the dependence of the deposit coverage on the Cd deposition potential was examined; this displayed the classic “S” shape expected for a surface-area-limited process.