cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beak Deformities in Northwestern Crows: Evidence of a Multispecies Epizootic

ABSTRACT. Beak abnormalities are rare among adult birds and, typically, are not widespread in a given population, within a region, or across multiple species. A high concentration of beak deformities was recently documented in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and other resident avian species in Alaska. We describe a parallel condition in Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus) that signals the emergence of a multispecies epizootic. On the basis of 186 Northwestern Crows captured at six sites in Alaska during 2007 and 2008, we estimated the prevalence of beak deformities in adults to be 16.9 ± 5.3%, the highest rate of gross deformities ever recorded in a wild bird population. Prevalence varied among sites and was as high as 36% on the Kenai Peninsula, which suggests possible epizootic clusters. We also documented beak abnormalities in an additional 148 Northwestern Crows in south-central and southeastern Alaska and in 64 crows near Vancouver, British Columbia, and Puget Sound, Washington, a reg...
Universal Screening for Behavioral Risk in Elementary Schools Using SWPBS Expectations.

In this study, the authors examined the concurrent validity, predictive validity, and concurrent and predictive classification accuracy of using schoolwide behavior expectations as a universal beha...
Rhetoric+typography: creative interaction in modern communication

As the means by which written communication is conveyed, typography is in many respects analogous to classical rhetoric. The elements of persuasion, emotion and pleasure, balance, perception, dynamics, style, form, and shape are discussed as they apply to both the concept being communicated and the typographic medium. >
Reputation and the Sexual Abuse of Boys: Changing Norms in Late-Nineteenth-Century Britain

In 1895, a Manchester (UK) newspaper accused Gilbert Kirlew of sexually abusing boys at a refuge for homeless and neglected children. Kirlew, the epitome of middle-class respectable masculinity, was a leader in local philanthropic action and mobilization of all kinds. Notably, he was in the forefront of the new social movement to rescue poor children in order to provide them with a secure home and an education suitable for working-class adulthood. The Kirlew sexual abuse scandal illustrates how changes in late-Victorian attitudes about homosexuality, society’s responsibilities to children, and sexual abuse came into conflict with the class-based cultural power of male reputation and character.
Corruption And Foreign Direct Investment: What Have We Learned?

Over 25 years of research pertaining to corruption and FDI rendered valid and interesting findings. We comment on these results to demonstrate that gradually the researchers develop a more detailed perspective on the significance of various dimensions of corruption and characteristics of the actors involved. Learning that corruption does not exert a uniform negative impact upon FDI, regardless of circumstances, leads to the formulation of the future research agenda.
Compressive Properties of Silica Aerogel at 295, 76, and 20 K

Specimens of silica aerogel were tested in compression at 295, 76, and 20 K in a helium gas environment. The properties reported include Young’s modulus, the proportional limit, and yield strength. Compressive stress-versus-strain curves at these temperatures are also given.
Creating Positive Contexts of Reception: The Value of Immigrant Teachers in U.S. Early Childhood Education Programs.

Young children of immigrants are increasingly part of early childhood programs in the United States but teachers have mixed approaches and attitudes about the immigrant families that they work with. This article details an analysis of 50 preschool teachers in five US cities using data from the Children Crossing Borders video-cued ethnographic study. The analysis finds that preschool sites that valued the insight of immigrant teachers had more positive views of immigrant communities and stronger mechanisms to communicate with immigrant parents. The article ultimately argues that policies that support the presence and meaningful input of immigrant preschool teachers can help preschool sites be positive, rather than negative or indifferent, contexts of reception.
The Role of Apolipoprotein A-IV as a Satiety Factor

As much as 40% of the daily caloric intake in the Western diet is in the form of lipids ranging between 60 to 100 grams (Davenport, 1971). Triacylglycerol (TG) is the major dietary fat in humans. Major long-chain fatty acids present in the diet are palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3). In most infant diets, fat becomes an even more important source of calories. In human milk and in human formulas, as much as 50% of the total calories are present as fat (Hamosh, 1979). In human milk, there is also an abundance of medium-chain fatty acids. The human small intestine is presented daily with other lipids such as phospholipids (PL), cholesterol, and plant sterols. Both PL and cholesterol are major constituents of bile. In humans, the biliary PL is a major contributor of lumenal PL and as much as 11 to 20 grams of biliary PL enters the small intestinal lumen daily, whereas the dietary contribution is only between 1 to 2 grams (Northfield and Hofmann, 1975; Borgstrom, 1976). The small intestinal epithelium undergoes rapid turnover that also contributes to the lumenal PL and cholesterol. Although cholesterol is the predominant sterol of total dietary sterol in the Western diet, plant sterols account for 20% to 25% (Taylor and Gould, 1967; Gould et al., 1969).
Induced and Produced Modules

We shall consider here two generalizations to rings of the concept of induced representation as it occurs in the representation theory of finite groups (6). If A is a ring, S a subring of A, we shall associate with each S-module M an induced pair (I(M), K) consisting of an A -modulo I(M) and an S-homomorphism K: M → I(M).
Epidemiological Study on Emergent Public Health Hazards in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2006

Objective To analyze the epidemiology characteristics of the public health emergency in Guangzhou.To provide science basis for public health emergency control and prevention.Method The public health emergency situation data of reporting to CDC in 2001-2006 were collected and analyzed by description epidemiological methods.Result There were 480 public health emergency(cases were 23836,and deaths were 126) in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2006,infectious diseases and food poisoning were the majority,most of the outbreaks occurred in schools and enterprises from March to June,and most patients were students and migrant workers.The average duration was 16.18 days and average timely report to CDC was 4.02 days.Conclusion The public health emergency in Guangzhou occurred frequently,some measures should be taken and developed for its prevention and control.
Special considerations for the health care of adolescents with chronic illnesses.

This article addresses some issues in health care of the chronically ill patient that are especially important and difficult to manage during the adolescent years. These issues are independence, sexuality, and identity.
Value assignment of retinol, retinyl palmitate, tocopherol, and carotenoid concentrations in Standard Reference Material 2383 (Baby Food Composite)

In 1997, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2383 Baby Food Composite. This SRM can be used as a control material when assigning values to in-house control materials and when validating analytical methods for the measurement of proximates, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in baby foods and similar matrixes. The Certificate of Analysis for SRM 2383 provides certified and reference values for concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, delta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and retinyl palmitate for 2 types of sample preparation--extraction and saponification. The assigned values were based on the agreement of measurements made by NIST and collaborating laboratories. The Certificate of Analysis also provides reference and information values for concentrations of proximates, minerals, and additional vitamins; assignment of these values is discussed in a companion paper (this issue, page 276).
New concepts in primary fibrositis syndrome

PFS is a painful rheumatologic disorder that may be detected by the wary clinician attuned to the presence of seven or more tender points. This common disorder may be seen at any age, including childhood, and may be associated with secondary symptoms of depression and other affective disorders. It may also be associated with findings of disturbed sleep, hearing and vestibular abnormalities, and profound complaints of fatigue. The vagueness of this latter complaint means that PFS must be distinguished from the newly described CEBV syndrome. Although the etiology of PFS remains unknown, recent investigations suggest that these patients may suffer a disorder with a central nervous system component as well as a subtle peripheral tissue lesion. Newer PFS studies demonstrate tissue changes that may be consistent with altered microvascular permeability and blood flow, tissue hypoxia, and chronic muscle spasm. An immunologic abnormality, or even a previously undescribed connective tissue disease, may be important as a pathogenic factor in some PFS patients.
Automatic Steering of Farm Vehicles Using GPS

Operating agricultural equipment accurately can be difficult, tedious, or even hazardous. Automatic control offers many potential advantages over human control; however, previous efforts to automate agricultural vehicles have been unsuccessful due to sensor limitations. With the recent development of Carrier Phase Differential GPS (CDGPS) technology, a single inexpensive GPS receiver can measure a vehicle’s position to within a few centimeters and heading to within 0.1 . The ability to provide accurate real-time information about multiple vehicle states makes CDGPS ideal for automatic control of vehicles. In this work, a CDGPS-based steering control system was designed, simulated, and tested on a large farm tractor. A highly simplified vehicle model proved sufficient for accurate controller design. After various calibration tests, closed-loop heading control was demonstrated to a one-σ accuracy of better than 1 , and closed-loop line tracking to a standard deviation of better than 2.5 cm. Future plans for research include the use of a pseudo-satellite to eliminate any position bias and extending the current control system to control a towed implement.
Management of Node-Positive and Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer

Historically, stage IV prostate cancer was considered incurable. Although node-positive and oligometastatic prostate cancers are both classified as stage IV, these likely represent distinct clinical groups, and some patients may be curable with aggressive multimodality treatments. There is a lack of randomized evidence, but retrospective studies suggest that radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy may improve survival in these patients. This is an area of great current research interest and prospective randomized trials are needed to help define the optimal treatments for these patients.
To Drain or Two Drains: Recurrences in Chronic Subdural Hematomas

Background Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition, with an estimated incidence of 3–15.5 per 100,000 people, with significantly higher rates in the elderly population. Recurrence rates range from 2%–37% after surgical drainage. Studies have shown that leaving a drain postoperatively can reduce recurrence rates, but studies have not looked at whether there is a difference between leaving 1 or 2 drains. Methods We analyzed 215 patients undergoing burr hole drainage for 261 cSDHs in terms of preoperative comorbidities and postoperative drain placement. Results Recurrences requiring repeat evacuation occurred in 6.1% overall, in 6/110 patients (5.5%) with 1 burr hole, and in 11/151 patients (7.3%) who had 2 burr holes, which was not significantly different. Recurrences occurred in 1/15 patients (6.7%) with no drain, 13/210 patients (6.2%) with 1 drain, and in 2/36 patients (5.6%) with 2 drains, which was also not statistically significant. The only medical comorbidity associated with an increased risk of recurrence was liver disease ( P = 0.014). Conclusions This study demonstrates that neither the number of burr holes nor the number of drains left after a burr hole drainage of cSDH appear to affect recurrence rates, whereas liver disease does make recurrence more likely.
Secure session on mobile: An exploration on combining biometric, trustzone, and user behavior

With the rise of Internet connected mobile devices, applications have migrated from PCs to mobile computing platforms. An important aspect, payment processing, faces new security challenges from these developments. Inasmuch, these advancements demand efforts from researchers and industry to meet increasing security needs. Threats can ensue from data loss, theft from lost, stolen, or decommissioned devices, information-stealing malware, and password peeping. We propose a secure framework for sensitive session driven applications which combines biometric-based continuous and implicit tracking of user identities, and TrustZone. This framework is accomplished through monitoring fingerprint authentication logs as well as detecting events when the phone has left the user's hands, all while in TrustZone, a platform for secure computation and storage on mobile devices. This solution leverages multiple onboard sensors as well as the ARM architecture to accomplish these feats. We conducted two user-studies acquiring smartphone users' usage statistics to investigate security and usability needs of our identity-tracking solution. To monitor these subtle gestures in real-world uncontrolled environments, multi-session data collection has been conducted to iteratively improve system performance. The evaluation results have demonstrated the feasibility of this framework as a secure session-based payment system.
An index 0 differential-algebraic equation formulation for multibody dynamics: Nonholonomic constraints

A method is presented for formulating and numerically integrating index 0 differential-algebraic equations of motion for multibody systems with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. Tangent space coordinates are defined in configuration and velocity spaces as independent generalized coordinates that serve as state variables in the formulation. Orthogonal dependent coordinates and velocities are used to enforce position, velocity, and acceleration constraints to within specified error tolerances. Explicit and implicit numerical integration algorithms are presented and used in solution of three examples: one planar and two spatial. Numerical results verify that accurate results are obtained, satisfying all three forms of kinematic constraint to within error tolerances embedded in the formulation.
Behavioral thermal tolerances of free-ranging rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) during the summer foraging season

Increasing temperature due to climate change is one of the greatest challenges for wildlife worldwide. Behavioral data on free-ranging individuals is necessary to determine at what temperatures animals modify activity as this would determine their capacity to continue to move, forage, and mate under altered thermal regimes. In particular, high temperatures could limit available surface activity time and time spent on fitness-related activities. Conversely, performance, such as feeding rate, can increase with temperature potentially having positive fitness effects. Here, we examine how the hunting behaviors of free-ranging Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) associate with air temperature and body temperature. We continuously recorded snakes in the field using videography, capturing behaviors rarely considered in past studies such as movements in and out of refuge and strikes on prey. We found that as mean daily air temperature increased, hunting activity and the likelihood of hunting at night decreased, while the number of movements and distance moved per day increased. Snakes typically retreated to refuge before body temperatures reached 31°C. Body temperatures of snakes hunting on the surface were lower compared to temperatures of non-hunting snakes in refuge in the morning, while this relationship was inverted in the afternoon. Snake body size influenced the disparity of these temperatures. Finally, strike initiation and success occurred across a wide range of body temperatures, indicating hunting performance may not be strongly constrained by temperature. These results on the temperatures at which free-ranging rattlesnakes exhibit fitness-related behaviors could be valuable for understanding their vulnerabilities to future climates.
The Development of Upper and Lower Bounds Arguments While Comparing Fractions

This chapter documents the development and use of upper and lower bound arguments by students as they worked on fraction comparison tasks using Cuisenaire rods to build models. These arguments were developed as students tried to find larger and smaller models for solutions to tasks using Cuisenaire rods.
Exploiting the roles of aspects in personalized POI recommender systems

The evolution of World Wide Web (WWW) and the smart-phone technologies have revolutionized our daily life. This has facilitated the emergence of many useful systems, such as Location-based Social Networks (LBSN) which have provisioned many factors that are crucial for selection of Point-of-Interests (POI). Some of the major factors are: (i) the location attributes, such as geo-coordinates, category, and check-in time, (ii) the user attributes, such as, comments, tips, reviews, and ratings made to the locations, and (iii) other information, such as the distance of the POI from user’s house/office, social tie between users, and so forth. Careful selection of such factors can have significant impact on the efficiency of POI recommendation. In this paper, we define and analyze the fusion of different major aspects in POI recommendation. Such a fusion and analysis is barely explored by other researchers. The major contributions of this paper are: (i) it analyzes the role of different aspects (e.g., check-in frequency, social, temporal, spatial, and categorical) in the location recommendation, (ii) it proposes two fused models—a ranking-based, and a matrix factorization-based, that incorporate all the major aspects into a single recommendation model, and (iii) it evaluates the proposed models against two real-world datasets.
Differential expression of microRNAs among cell populations in the regenerating adult mouse olfactory epithelium

Despite a robust capacity for adult neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory sensory losses are common. Identification of mechanisms regulating adult OE neurogenesis is, therefore, of interest. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are broadly important in regulating vertebrate neurodevelopment, and are required in embryonic olfactory differentiation. We report here that a panel of miRNAs is differentially expressed by either progenitor or progeny cells in the regenerating mouse OE. Progenitor cells were purified from lesioned OE based on c-Kit expression, and miRNA expression was assayed in c-Kit (+) and c-Kit (-) cell populations. 28 miRNAs were significantly downregulated by at least 4 fold in the c-Kit (+) fraction, which marks the globose basal progenitor cell population. In addition, 10 miRNAs were upregulated in these basal cells. MiR-486, the most strongly downregulated miRNA identified, was further characterized to verify results. MiR-486 expression was confirmed in the c-Kit (-) OE layers using in situ hybridization. As a functional assay, over-expression of miR-486 in purified c-Kit (+) basal cell cultures resulted in a reduction in neurogenesis, consistent with a possible negative feedback regulatory model. Our data provide new insights regarding miRNA expression and function during adult OE neurogenesis, and identify candidate miRNAs warranting further study.
Improved Sensitivity in Ultrasound Molecular Imaging With Coherence-Based Beamforming

Ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) is accomplished by detecting microbubble (MB) contrast agents that have bound to specific biomarkers, and can be used for a variety of imaging applications, such as the early detection of cancer. USMI has been widely utilized in preclinical imaging in mice; however, USMI in humans can be challenging because of the low concentration of bound MBs and the signal degradation caused by the presence of heterogenous soft tissue between the transducer and the lesion. Short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) beamforming has been proposed as a robust technique that is less affected by poor signal quality than standard delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming. In this paper, USMI performance was assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging combined with DAS (conventional CEUS) and with SLSC (SLSC-CEUS). Each method was characterized by flow channel phantom experiments. In a USMI-mimicking phantom, SLSC-CEUS was found to be more robust to high levels of additive thermal noise than DAS, with a 6dB SNR improvement when the thermal noise level was +6dB or higher. However, SLSC-CEUS was also found to be insensitive to increases in MB concentration, making it a poor choice for perfusion imaging. USMI performance was also measured in vivo using VEGFR2-targeted MBs in mice with subcutaneous human hepatocellular carcinoma tumors, with clinical imaging conditions mimicked using a porcine tissue layer between the tumor and the transducer. SLSC-CEUS improved the SNR in each of ten tumors by an average of 41%, corresponding to 3.0dB SNR. These results indicate that the SLSC beamformer is well-suited for USMI applications because of its high sensitivity and robust properties under challenging imaging conditions.
Introduction to object relations group psychotherapy.

The author shows how object relations group therapy focuses on primitive defense mechanisms that shape the group-entity image or "basic assumptions group." Such primitive defense mechanisms as splitting, projective identification, omnipotent denial, projection, and introjection are the mental resources to protect the endangered self and the threatened objects from the fantasized imminent destruction. Object relations group psychotherapy addresses those defenses and the underlying psychotic anxieties, offering members opportunities to search for other ways to respond to their primitive fears. The author introduces two extensive clinical vignettes to illustrate how object relations group methods are different from other group-centered psychoanalytic techniques. He concludes by commenting on future theoretical refinements and on the problems in the professional practice of this modality.
Understanding Teacher Beliefs and Instructional Decision Making Concerning Disciplinary Literacy: The Case of Secondary Teachers in an Urban School

This study was set to examine the integration of disciplinary literacy instruction as part of a comprehensive literacy program at the secondary level. The study asked two essential questions: (1) What are teachers’ knowledge and beliefs about disciplinary literacy instruction? (2) How do teachers’ knowledge and beliefs influence their instructional decision making? Eight teachers were interviewed and observed. Results indicate that teachers believe they are responsible for developing students’ literacy skills in the discipline they taught. Teachers emphasize discipline specific literacy practices and strategies to improve students’ literacy skills as well as to enhance students’ content knowledge. Findings also specify that professional development is a key factor in the continuity and success of teachers’ literacy instruction across the disciplines. Through professional development, teachers appear to develop a deep understanding of what it means to engage students in discipline specific literacy practices. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.17.1.11
Landsat time series-based multiyear spectral angle clustering (MSAC) model to monitor the inter-annual leaf senescence of exotic saltcedar

Abstract In the western United States, the rapid expansion of exotic saltcedar along riparian corridors has drastically altered landscape structures and ecosystem functions. Monitoring the geographical distribution and spatio-temporal dynamics of this invasive species is essentially critical to conduct the systematic restoration of affected riparian ecosystems. Previous studies indicated that the leaf senescence stage is the optimal time window to remotely monitor saltcedar distributions. Yet due to climate variability and anthropogenic forcing, the timing of saltcedar leaf senescence varies over space and time. Given that the saltcedar leaf senescence stage only lasts for a short temporal window (i.e., three or four weeks), pinpointing the appropriate Landsat image across years and locations without the expert knowledge is challenging. Remotely sensed phenological time series analysis provides a practical means to locate the leaf senescence date on a per-pixel basis. However, affected by temporal revisit rates and cloud contamination, Landsat time series can only capture very limited temporal segments of vegetation phenology. The lack of Landsat imagery throughout the year makes the conventional time series analysis difficult. In this study, we developed a multiyear spectral angle clustering (MSAC) model to monitor the inter-annual leaf senescence of saltcedar with limited Landsat imagery on a per-pixel basis. The MSAC model leverages the Landsat images across years to temporally predict the fall phenology of plant species in a single year, and constructs the synthesized time series of spectral signatures to estimate critical phenological transition dates. Results indicated that the MSAC model could guide the construction of the composite Landsat surface reflectance image to accommodate spatial and inter-annual variation in the timing of plant leaf senescence. The phenology-guided composite image from the MSAC model achieved a greater saltcedar mapping accuracy than any single Landsat image in 2004. The proposed MSAC model provides new insights in estimating phenological transition dates of plant species with limited Landsat imagery. It opens up unique opportunities to guide the selection of representative remotely sensed imagery on a per-pixel basis for repetitive saltcedar mapping over wide geographical regions.
Practical error bounds for a non-intrusive bi-fidelity approach to parametric/stochastic model reduction

Abstract For practical model-based demands, such as design space exploration and uncertainty quantification (UQ), a high-fidelity model that produces accurate outputs often has high computational cost, while a low-fidelity model with less accurate outputs has low computational cost. It is often possible to construct a bi-fidelity model having accuracy comparable with the high-fidelity model and computational cost comparable with the low-fidelity model. This work presents the construction and analysis of a non-intrusive (i.e., sample-based) bi-fidelity model that relies on the low-rank structure of the map between model parameters/uncertain inputs and the solution of interest, if exists. Specifically, we derive a novel, pragmatic estimate for the error committed by this bi-fidelity model. We show that this error bound can be used to determine if a given pair of low- and high-fidelity models will lead to an accurate bi-fidelity approximation. The cost of this error bound is relatively small and depends on the solution rank. The value of this error estimate is demonstrated using two example problems in the context of UQ, involving linear and non-linear partial differential equations.
Does strong compatibilism survive Frankfurt counter-examples?

Desperate for money, Eleanor and her father Roscoe plan to rob a bank. Roscoe fears that Eleanor might change her mind at an inopportune moment. To insure that Eleanor will proceed with the plans, Roscoe secretly implants a mechanism in Eleanor’s brain. Should Eleanor give any indication that she is unwilling to go along with the bank robbery, Roscoe will use the device to render Eleanor unable to do anything other than rob the bank. As it happens, despite a splitting headache, Eleanor willingly robs the bank with her father. The device is never activated. 1 Examples like the one involving Roscoe and Eleanor, originally developed by Harry Frankfurt, have been used to show that an agent can be held morally responsible for what she does do, even if she cannot do otherwise. 2 I shall hereafter refer to such examples as “Frankfurt examples.” In the above Frankfurt example Eleanor acted willingly and therefore seems to be morally responsible for robbing the bank. Yet because of the device she is unable to avoid robbing the bank. Frankfurt examples challenge the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP). PAP states that an agent is morally responsible for what she does only if she could have done otherwise. But the case of Eleanor and Roscoe is a counter-example to PAP. Eleanor is responsible, but she could not have done otherwise. Or so it seems. In “A Compatibilist Theory of Alternative Possibilities” Joseph Kiem Campbell defends the traditional strong compatibilist account of free will and moral responsibility. 3 According to Campbell, strong compatibilism can be distinguished from weak compatibilism in that strong compatibilism entails that PAP is necessary for moral responsibility; weak compatibilism does not. Campbell maintains that the
Globalization 5.0 Led by China: Powered by Positive Frames for BRI

Globalization is the process of international integration of worldviews, products, ideas, cultures, peoples, and economies. Chapter 17 studies the effect of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on globalization, and how the Chinese government and state-owned media choose positive frames while promoting BRI to international communities. The author argues that the BRI, also known as the One Belt, One Road Initiative, proposed by China, with its massive infrastructure projects covering the continents of Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas, creates a new wave of globalization: Globalization 5.0. The new wave of globalization is more pragmatic and less ideology driven, more multilateral and less imperialistic than those that came before. This chapter is based on a framing analysis of over 3000 Chinese and English webpages, and the author’s systematic observation through organizing Asian business conferences and participating in social media discussions. Framing analysis reveals that five frames are being used by the Chinese government and state-run media: development; mutual respect and mutual trust; the Ancient Silk Road story; actions speak louder than words; and China as a partner, not a colonialist, in which its fundamental approach when selling the BRI to international communities is to implement the frame as "win-win."
Temperature Gradient Focusing

A new gradient focusing method, temperature gradient focusing (TGF), is described. In TGF, a buffer is used with a temperature-dependent ionic strength, so that when a temperature gradient is applied to the system it results in a corresponding electrophoretic velocity gradient. If an opposing bulk buffer flow is also applied to the system, very high degrees of focusing can be achieved.
Wertorientierung im Prozessmanagement Forschungslücke und Beitrag zu betriebswirtschaftlich fundierten Prozessmanagement-Entscheidungen

Unbestritten hat sich die Prozessorientierung spatestens seit den 1990er Jahren als ein zentrales Paradigma der Organisationsgestaltung etabliert. Seitdem haben alle Teilaufgaben des Prozessmanagements eine Reifung durchlaufen. Prozessmanagement-Entscheidungen hingegen mangelt es an einer betriebswirtschaftlich fundierten Zielorientierung. Sie werden i. d. R. anhand von qualitativen bzw. technischen Kriterien oder Plausibilitatsuberlegungen getroffen, die nur bedingt mit marktwirtschaftlichen Unternehmenszielen konform sind. Prozessgestaltungsalternativen lassen sich daher schwer vergleichen. Eine integrierte Betrachtung mit anderen Bewertungsobjekten ist unmoglich. Diese Situation erstaunt, da Prozessmanagement-Entscheidungen Investitionsprojekte mit unterschiedlicher Ertrags-/Risikoposition und Kapitalbindung zugrunde liegen sowie der Bedarf einer an der Unternehmenszielerreichung ausgerichteten Prozessgestaltung bekannt ist. Zudem existiert mit der Wertorientierten Unternehmensfuhrung ein in der betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschung anerkanntes Paradigma, das unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen die Ertrags- und Risikowirkung von Entscheidungen auf die Unternehmenszielerreichung uber Unternehmensbereiche, Hierarchiestufen und Bewertungsobjekte hinweg zu analysieren vermag. Dies fuhrt zu der Hypothese, dass sich das Prozessmanagement im Allgemeinen und die Zielorientierung von Prozessmanagement-Entscheidungen im Speziellen weitestgehend unabhangig von den Erkenntnissen der Wertorientierten Unternehmensfuhrung entwickelt haben. Im vorliegenden Beitrag kann diese Hypothese auf Basis einer Stichprobe aus Prozessmanagement-Publikationen bestatigt werden. Hierzu wird die Forschungslucke hinsichtlich der Wertorientierung im Prozessmanagement herausgearbeitet. Um die Brucke zwischen Wertorientierter Unternehmensfuhrung und prozessorientierter Organisationsgestaltung zu schlagen, werden betriebswirtschaftlich fundierte Zielfunktionen auf Prozessmanagement-Entscheidungen ubertragen.
Family Therapy: An “Emerging Field”

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the classic systems theory framework that informed family therapy theory, review literature on the effectiveness/efficacy of couple and family therapy, and promote the use of family therapy theory as family theory. It is our contention that family therapy theory is family theory, and can be used in the study of families in general, not just couples and families who seek services. The remainder of the chapter provides a critique of the family therapy literature and provides suggestions for future research for both family therapist/researchers and family researchers in general.
An umbilical defect

During their caesarean delivery, one of three triplet fetuses, aged 31 weeks and 2 days, was noted to have a clear shiny sac protruding from the base of the umbilical cord. The defect was immediately covered with moist dressings, which upon removal had some green-yellow staining. Physical examination showed an intact membranous sac containing what seemed to be several loops of bowel. Upon closer inspection of the sac, a small stoma was discovered (figure). 1. What is your diagnosis? 2. What additional diagnostic investigation could be useful in this case? Is it necessary? 3. What is the treatment of choice? 1. There is a protrusion of abdominal contents through a mid-line defect that involves the umbilicus and a surrounding sac. It is the presence of the surrounding sac that classifies this defect as an omphalocele rather than gastroschesis (see discussion). The stoma is the probable source of the fluid drainage and likely represents a patent persistent omphalomesenteric duct. A ruptured omphalocele can be ruled out by the …
Training penguins to interact with enrichment devices for lasting effects

The modern zoo has brought about two major advances in the behavioral welfare of their exhibited animals: (a) The use of environmental enrichment to promote naturalistic behaviors and (b) the use of training to improve voluntary husbandry care. Whereas training itself has been talked about as an effective enrichment strategy, little has been done to combine training procedures with enrichment. Typically, enrichment is treated as a trial and error process, where potential enrichment items or procedures are cycled through until successful enrichment is found. The use of shaping or other training techniques has seldom been documented to increase engagement with possible enrichment items or procedures. The following study examined the possibility of combining training and enrichment to produce continued interactions with enrichment devices. Two species of penguin, Magellanic and southern rockhopper penguins, were studied. Two measures were taken: Time spent swimming and contact with enrichment devices. The enrichment devices could be manipulated by placing fish within and hanging out of each device. During baseline sessions, no hits to either device were observed. During training sessions, several hits were recorded when fish were in the devices and overall swimming time increased during these conditions. When baseline was reintroduced without fish in the devices, contact with the enrichment devices rapidly declined and swimming time for the rockhopper penguins decreased. When the devices were reintroduced with fish but without training, the greatest number of enrichment device contacts and the highest percentage of time spent swimming were observed for the rockhopper penguins.
Population Dynamics: Two-Sex Demographic Models

This article is a replacement of the previous edition article by R.A. Pollak, volume 17, pp. 11773–11777, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Outcomes With Combined Laser Atherectomy and Intravascular Brachytherapy in Recurrent Drug-Eluting Stent In-Stent Restenosis

Abstract Background Recurrent drug-eluting stents (DES) in-stent restenosis (ISR) can be challenging to treat. The combined use of excimer laser atherectomy (ELCA) and vascular brachytherapy (VBT) for this indication has received limited study. Methods We report the long-term outcomes of patients with recurrent DES ISR treated with combined VBT and ELCA from January 2014 to September 2018 at a single institution. Outcomes included target lesion failure (TLF), defined as the composite of clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), target lesion myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion-related cardiac death. Results During the study period, 116 patients (143 lesions) underwent VBT, of which 19 patients (19 lesions) underwent combined laser atherectomy and VBT. All procedures were successful without no-reflow or dissection. Two propensity-score matched cohorts (ELCA + VBT (n = 18) vs. VBT only (n = 18)) were compared. During a median follow-up of 25.5 (14.5–40) months, there was no difference in the incidence of TLF (38.9% vs. 38.9%, log-rank p = 0.688), target-lesion MI (5.6% vs. 5.6%, log-rank p = 0.915), or TLR (38.9% vs. 33.3%, log-rank p = 0.933) between both groups. There was no cardiac death related to the target lesion. Conclusions When compared with VBT alone for the treatment of resistant DES ISR, combined use of ELCA and brachytherapy is associated with comparable long-term outcomes. ELCA should be considered in ISR lesions due to stent underexpansion.
Generalized SVD reduced-order observers for Nonlinear systems *

A nonlinear observer design method is proposed for the reduced order observation of nonlinear systems in the presence of sensor and process noise. Supernumerary sensors to the measured states are assumed to be available. State variables unavailable for observation by measurement are estimated with the proposed observer structure that requires lower computation than full order observers. By modeling output measurements as a generalized linear combination of observable states and measurement noise, this method combines generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) static estimation of noisy output measurement and reduced order observer theory for estimating unmeasured state variables in nonlinear systems. This relatively low computation alternative to full-order observation can be of economic advantage in model predictive control applications.
What the HIV Pandemic Experience Can Teach the United States About the COVID-19 Response.

Background The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which was first recognized in December 2019, is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that is having a devastating impact on human health, society and the global economy. Methods We summarize lessons learned from the HIV epidemic that offer insights about how the response to COVID-19 can be improved, especially in the United States which has incurred one quarter of world's infections to date. Results Lessons learned include: the need to develop and deploy valid tests for point-of-care diagnosis and surveillance; the importance of considering HIV and COVID-19 in the context of syndemics; the potential role of structural interventions that address drivers of disparities; how existing research infrastructure can be leveraged to accelerate development of therapeutics and vaccines; and how modeling that is tailored to regional epidemics can inform policy. Conclusions The window of opportunity to prevent a widespread COVID-19 epidemic in the United States has already closed, but it is not too late to implement a mitigation strategy that can save thousands of lives. Decisive leadership that develops policies grounded in scientific evidence is key to charting a path forward. The question is whether the United States is prepared to learn from its past successes and mistakes with the HIV epidemic to develop a nation-wide plan that puts politics aside and prioritizes saving lives.
Lived Experiences of Racism Among Child Welfare-Involved Parents

The problem of racism has always been a pervasive issue deeply rooted in the fabric of our country. Many of our established social and human services have been structured based on the insidious nature of racism and oppression. The Child Welfare System (CWS) is not exempt and race-based inequities experienced by CWS-involved Black and Latinx families remain persistent and harmful. This article presents a qualitative account that underscores the lived experiences of racism among CWS-involved parents. Two emergent themes are highlighted: (1) the impact of CWS surveillance and oversight and (2) perceptions of race-based mistreatment and unfair judgment. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 primarily Black and Latinx parents in order to investigate their perceptions regarding CWS oversight and ways in which their minority status played a role in how they were treated. There is inherent racism in the surveillance, reporting and assessment, and resulting determinations regarding Black and Latinx people in the child welfare system. This manifests in service delivery practices underpinned by an unbalanced power dynamic between caseworkers and parents. Overall, parents expressed feeling disrespected, fearful of family disruption, shamed and judged based on implicit biases. Implications for policy and system changes are discussed, including a call to include the voices of historically disenfranchised Black and Latinx CWS-involved families.
Rapid resolution of life-threatening hyperkalaemia in diabetic ketoacidosis with intensive insulin therapy

A 28-year-old man with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus on a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump presented to the emergency department with generalised malaise and elevated blood sugar. His insulin pump was found to be turned off, which the patient was not aware of. The initial
Development of an 80-word clinical version of the modified rhyme test (MRT80)

The modified rhyme test [MRT; House, Williams, Hecker, and Kryter. (1965). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37, 158–166] is a widely used test for measuring the intelligibility of communication systems [ANSI (2009). S3.2 (American National Standards Institute, New York)] but has never gained widespread acceptance as a clinical test of speech intelligibility for listeners who are hearing impaired (HI). In this study, a clinical version of the MRT consisting of two 80-word lists was developed and tested on 2394 service members with varying levels of hearing loss. The test used a factorial design incorporating two speech levels [70 and 78 dB sound pressure level (SPL)], two signal-to-noise ratios (+4 and −4 dB), and two binaural conditions (diotic and binaural). High-frequency emphasis reduced the impact of audibility for HI listeners, focusing the test on the distortion component of hearing loss. The results show that listeners with normal hearing (NH) obtained an average score of 80% correct on the MRT80 test. Listeners with a moderate hearing impairment scored an average of 70% correct. The overall level had little impact on performance for either NH or HI listeners. The results demonstrate that the MRT80 test could be a useful test to assess the distortion effects of hearing loss on speech intelligibility, particularly in cases where it is desirable to use a closed-set test for automatic administration.
A novel function of Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1) in maintaining spindle pole integrity

LB-260 Errors occurred in mitosis can result in aneuploidy, a hallmark of human cancer. Mitotic fidelity is ensured by the spindle checkpoint which monitors proper attachment of mitotic spindles to condensed chromosomes. Defective coordination between the kinetochores and the spindle pole, two important mitotic apparatuses, during mitosis can impair chromosome segregation. Efforts have been made to discover molecular entities that coordinate the action of kinetochores and spindle poles during mitosis. Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein, functioning to timely release centromeric cohesin under the surveillance of the spindle checkpoint in early mitosis. Truncated Sgo1 (probably defective) was found overexpressed in multiple forms of cancers. Here we demonstrate a novel function of human sSgo1, a major splice isoform of Sgo1, at the spindle poles. sSgo1 localizes to the centrosome during interphase and to the spindle poles in mitosis. Sgo1 depletion via RNA interference (RNAi) induces the formation of multiple centrosome-like structures in early mitosis that primarily result from the separation of paired centrioles (referred as centrosome splitting). Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Sgo1 heterozygous (Sgo1+/-) mice also display split centrosomes despite of relatively normal mitotic progression. Ectopic expression of an sSgo1 construct efficiently suppresses centrosome splitting in Sgo1 siRNA-transfected cells and Sgo1+/- MEF. Combined, our studies strongly suggest a bifurcate function of Sgo1 at centromeres and spindle poles. Sgo1 deficiency results in both chromosomal and centrosomal instabilities. Given the importance of sSgo1 in regulating the spindle pole integrity, it is necessary to further investigate whether defective sSgo1 during mitosis has any pathological consequences.
Persistence: A key factor in understanding the circumstances under which dietary restraint predicts restriction of caloric intake.

Abstract Dietary restraint refers to the intention to restrict caloric intake, whereas dietary restriction refers to the actual intentional and sustained restriction of caloric intake for weight-control purposes. Findings regarding the relation between dietary restraint and restriction to date are inconsistent. Our study sought to clarify this complex relationship using a novel laboratory task. Participants (N = 103; 56.3% female) completed a Paced Visual Serial Addition Task (PVSAT). Participants were provided a choice between ending each of eight PVSAT rounds at any time and drinking a high-calorie Kool-Aid® mixture or correctly completing 10 consecutive computations to access to a zero-calorie mixture for each round. We measured participants' dietary restraint using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire – Restraint Subscale and measured persistence and dietary restriction using the PVSAT. Results indicated a positive association between persistence and restriction. Female participants demonstrated higher eating disorder psychopathology, dietary restraint, and dietary restriction compared to male participants. Restraint was positively associated with restriction the more individuals persisted, indicating that persistence is a potentially important modifier of the relation between dietary restraint and restriction. Our findings highlight the complexity of the relation between dietary restraint and restriction; that is, measures of dietary restraint alone may not reliably predict short-term dietary restriction during laboratory consumption tasks; however, other factors, such as persistence, may play critical roles.