cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis: case report of a 9-year-old female and a review of the literature

We report a case of autoimmune pancreatitis in a 9-year-old female who presented with persistent epigastric pain for 3 weeks. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed both intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation. The common bile duct, along with the pancreatic duct, was noted to be dilated. Labs showed normal IgG and IgG4 levels and negative for autoimmune antibodies. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed the pancreatic head to be enlarged and surrounded by hypoechoic and lobulated lymph nodes. Biopsy of the pancreatic head showed chronic mildly active inflammation with fibrosis, acinar atrophy, and lymphocytic infiltrate. A diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) was made, and she was treated with prednisone. The patient's symptoms improved quickly, and follow-up MRCP showed resolution of inflammatory changes and intrahepatic and pancreatic ductal dilatation.
Effect of changing body temperature on the ventilatory and metabolic responses of lean and obese Zucker rats.

We measured body temperature (Tb) and ventilatory and metabolic variables in lean (n = 8) and obese (n = 8) Zucker rats. Measurements were made while rats breathed air, 4% CO2, and 10% O2. Under co...
Percutaneous Management of Mitral Regurgitation

Interventional cardiology has seen the advent of a new era in the transcatheter management of mitral valve disease. The challenges for all these devices will be to demonstrate safety and either equivalent or superior efficacy in comparison to traditional management strategies, whether medical or surgical. We must strive to properly select patients for these new therapies and to develop effective technologies to treat populations at high risk for surgery. Patience, collaboration, and vision are needed to fully develop these strategies.
Pattern Recognition

During the past fifteen years, there has been a considerable growth of interest in problems of pattern recognition. This interest has created an increasing need for theoretical methods and experimental software and hardware for use in the design of pattern recognition systems. A number of books have been published on this subject,1-16and some special pattern recognition machines have been designed and built for practical use. Applications of pattern recognition include character recognition,12target detection, medical diagnosis, analysis of biomedical signals and images, remote sensing, identification of human faces and fingerprints, reliability,17socio-economics,18speech recognition and understanding,19and machine parts recognition.
CONTRAST-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE 30-DAY HOSPITAL READMISSIONS

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in the setting of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, however its association with the quality metric of 30-day hospital readmission rate is unknown. Data from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of
Water Uptake and Interfacial Structural Changes of Thin Film Nafion® Membranes Measured by Neutron Reflectivity for PEM Fuel Cells

Nafion thin films (~500 Aa) spin coated onto the Pt and Au layers on Si are investigated for water uptake and swelling. Neutron Reflectometry data demonstrate that these structures are composed of nafion layers which differ from their bulk properties in terms of their scattering length density and water uptake. However, as the relative humidity is increased, the amount of water in the layers increases for a Nafion on Au and is comparable to that observed on bulk nafion membranes only up to 80 % RH. However, the Nafion on Pt reaches complete hydration at 96% RH. Although, a single layer model was able to fit the NR data obtained on nafion under vapor conditions, only a bilayer model, with an outer less hydrated nafion and an inner more hydrated nafion layer, was able to fit the data in liquid water.
Complexation of iron by humic-like substances in lung tissue: role in coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Deposition of coal dust in the lungs during the mining of this energy resource can cause an inappropriate fibrosis. Those characteristics of the coal responsible for lung injury are not known. The ...
A Review of Some Statistical Concepts

The forces measured on existing ocean structures have rarely had simple time histories• As a result, the structural responses such as deflection, strain, and acceleration to these “random” type forces do not have simple time histories either. Typical data for either the time behavior of a force or the response to that force at a point on an ocean structure might look like the trace shown in Fig. 9.1, where, for generality, the ordinate is designated as z = z(t). At first glance, such a trace appears to have no definite frequency of fluctuation, although there appears to the an upper bound for z. If z were identified as a force, one might be tempted to simply use the upper bound for z and design a structure according to classical static methods. One might ask, the, what if an approximate forcing frequency could be associated with z over a short time period and what if this frequency were tuned to the natural frequwncy of the structure? Could no the structural deflections then exceed the static design conditions? It is the purpose of this chapter to define som of the statistical tools with an engineer can obtain some answers to these questins. Crandall and Mark (1964) elaborate on these ideas.
Yugoslavia, I: Into the Danger Zone

THE EUROPEAN BACKGROUND The defeat of Nazi Germany did not end ethnic cleansing in Europe. It redirected it against the losing master race. In 1945, 18 million ethnic Germans lived abroad in the East. Germans in the Soviet Union mostly stayed put, but most of the rest were now forcibly deported westward. Almost 12 million reached Germany, but over 2 million died en route, the targets of murderous vengeance by the locals. Only a few thousand of them can have been Nazi perpetrators. Oskar Schindler, declared a Righteous Person by both the state of Israel and Hollywood, was one of 3 million German Sudetens expelled, losing his property but staying alive. All leading Polish and Czech politicians supported the expulsions, and so did the Allies. Churchill told the British House of Commons in 1944 that deportations would provide the “most satisfactory and lasting” solution to ethnic problems. “There will be no mixture of populations to cause endless trouble as in Alsace-Lorraine. A clean sweep will be made.” Czech President Benes said the Sudeten Germans were a “non-viable population” and a Czech general declared, “a good German is a dead one.” A Lieutenant Smrcina “cleaned up” a German village by killing 25 men and two women without provocation. Another officer removed from a train and had shot 265 Germans, men, women, and children.
Geographical Patterns of HIV Sero-Discordancy in High HIV Prevalence Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa

Introduction: Variation in the proportion of individuals living in a stable HIV sero-discordant partnership (SDP), and the potential drivers of such variability across sub Saharan Africa (SSA), are still not well-understood. This study aimed to examine the spatial clustering of HIV sero-discordancy, and the impact of local variation in HIV prevalence on patterns of sero-discordancy in high HIV prevalence countries in SSA. Methods: We described the spatial patterns of sero-discordancy among stable couples by analyzing Demographic and Health Survey data from Cameroon, Kenya, Lesotho, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We identified spatial clusters of SDPs in each country through a Kulldorff spatial scan statistics analysis. After a geographical cluster was identified, epidemiologic measures of sero-discordancy were calculated and analyzed. Results: Spatial clusters with significantly high numbers of SDPs were identified and characterized in Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania, and they largely overlapped with the clusters with high HIV prevalence. There was a positive correlation between HIV prevalence and the proportion of SDPs among all stable couples across within and outside clusters. Conversely, there was a negative, but weak and not significant, correlation between HIV prevalence and the proportion of SDPs among all stable couples with at least one HIV-infected individual in the partnership. Discussion: There does not appear to be distinct spatial patterns for HIV sero-discordancy that are independent of HIV prevalence patterns. The variation of the sero-discordancy measures with HIV prevalence across clusters and outside clusters demonstrated similar patterns to those observed at the national level. The spatial variable does not appear to be a fundamental nor independent determinant of the observed patterns of sero-discordancy in high HIV prevalence countries in SSA.
Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation in hyperbolic metamaterials

We study theoretically and numerically spasing conditions and optical dynamics of a composite hyperbolic metamaterial interacting with gain molecules. By combining Maxwell-Bloch equations with Green's function approach, we calculate lasing frequency and threshold population inversion for various gain density in the gain layer. We demonstrate a high level of enhancement for photonic density of states in a spacious spectral range provided by hyperbolic metastructures. We find that direct dipole-dipole interactions between molecules in the gain layer has a negligible effect on spasing conditions. We identify a region of parameters in which spasing can occur considering these effects.
Methacrylate Resin Adhesion in Root Canals Conditioned with Phosphoric Acid and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a methacrylate resin dentin bonding agent to adhere to the dentin surfaces of prepared and conditioned root canals with either 32% phosphoric acid (PA) or 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Methods Prior to the application of the methacrylate resin, the root canals of 54 intact, caries-free, single- rooted, de-crowned, extracted human maxillary incisor and canine teeth were endodontically prepared and conditioned with either 32% PA or 17% EDTA or with distilled water as the unconditioned control. The resin-treated roots were cross-sectioned at three levels and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaged for circumferential views of the root canals at 60-90× magnification and site-specific views at 250× magnification, and then randomly coded for independent and blind evaluation by four calibrated examiners. The circumferential surface of the root canals that showed no resin adhesion were digitally measured and subtracted from the digitally measured total root canal circumference, and resin adhesion was expressed as a percentage of the circumference. Results The mean percentages of resin adhesion were 97% for the PA group, 94% for the EDTA group, and 76% for the control group. There were statistically significant differences among the PA, EDTA, and control groups. Conclusion Root canals conditioned with 32% PA or 17% EDTA had more resin adhesion than unconditioned root canals. Root canals conditioned with 32% PA had more resin adhesion than those conditioned with 17% EDTA.
Modeling and design of the modular multilevel converter with parametric and model-form uncertainty quantification

This paper presents a design methodology with uncertainty quantification to estimate the required margin for two main design variables in a modular multilevel converter (MMC). In this methodology, the minimum required design margins are calculated by quantifying all sources of uncertainty in the modeling and simulation of MMCs. To this end, an enhanced modeling framework is presented to take into account the parametric uncertainty (PU) that results from manufacturing variability, and model-form uncertainty (MFU) that results from inherent inaccuracies of the models used in the design process. In this paper, sensitivity analysis (SA) is used to guide the modeling effort and minimize the number of uncertain parameters required for inclusion in uncertainty quantification. Besides, a simplified testbed for model validation of the MMC is developed. This testbed is used for conducting low-power validation experiments and Monte-Carlo simulations to estimate PU and MFU, respectively.
Targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Adolescent Sexual Minority Males in Higher Prevalence Areas of the United States: A Modeling Study

Abstract Purpose Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective and safe intervention to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in men who have sex with men; current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines indicate its use among high-risk adults. Adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) also have significant HIV risk, but implementation strategies are likely to differ for this population. We aimed to estimate impact and efficiency of PrEP for ASMM in higher prevalence US settings, using a variety of implementation strategies and assumptions about coverage, adherence, and background prevalence. Methods We develop a stochastic, dynamic, network-based model, parametrized using numerous ASMM behavioral and clinical data sources. We simulate 10 years with and without PrEP, comparing percent of incident infections averted (impact) and number of person-years on PrEP per infection averted (efficiency). Results Our main scenario (PrEP for 16- to 18-year-old ASMM, initiating PrEP 6 months after first anal intercourse, 40% coverage, adherence profiles from the ATN 113 trial; 2.9% background HIV prevalence among ASMM) prevents 27.8% of infections, with 38 person-years on PrEP per infection averted. Expanding implementation to cover younger ages or earlier initiation has small effects on impact and efficiency. Targeting highest risk ASMM increases efficiency, but requires querying sexual histories. Across levels examined, coverage and adherence do not have major impacts on efficiency, whereas background prevalence does. Conclusions PrEP can have a large impact on HIV incidence among ASMM in the United States, especially in settings with high prevalence. However, willingness of, and support for, providers will be central to achieving the coverage needed to make this a success.
Error reduction of phasor measurement unit data considering practical constraints

Wide area measurement system relies on phasor measurement unit (PMU) data to monitor, protect, and control high-voltage transmission networks. However, errors in instrument transformers (ITs) located at the inputs of a PMU can significantly degrade its output quality. This study proposes two methodologies for voltage and current transformers calibration using PMU data. The first method calibrates ITs using one good quality voltage measurement located at a tie-line. This method tolerates errors in both the ITs (which are to be estimated) as well as the PMUs. The second method attains the same objective as the first one, with the additional constraint that some portion of the data is unusable. Thus, the second method can be used even when the incoming data is intermittent.
Non-native phragmites colony detection system

Phragmites is an invasive species of grass that has shown harmful effects on biodiversity of North American flora. It displaces native vegetation in the region. We propose a solution to locate such areas infested with phragmites using Google Street View images. Recent research and developments in the field of Deep Learning have enabled us to produce state of art object classification and detection systems which possess better discrimination abilities than humans. This paper proposes a deep learning based system that can consume geo-referenced images from Google Street View and produce the location of the phragmites on the maps of New York.
The Shoulder: Skeletal Injuries and Ligamentous Instability

Shoulder injuries in the pediatric athletic population continue to increase with expanded participation and higher competitive levels of youth sports. Injury patterns are unique to the growing musculoskeletal system and specific to the demands of the sport involved. They could concern a direct contact from a collision or from a repetitive overhead motion. Both acute (sudden, traumatic) and chronic (long-term) injuries are common and could involve both bone capsule and ligamentous structures. It is important for the practicing orthopedic surgeon to differentiate nonoperative injuries from the urgent and potentially operative injuries. Missing such an injury in the pediatric population could be potentially life threatening or lead to long-term disability. There is controversy regarding the appropriate treatment of these adolescent athletes, including debates on injury prevention, nonsurgical treatment versus surgical treatment, and return to play after shoulder fractures, dislocations, and instability.
Youth Physical Activity Patterns During School and Out-of-School Time

This study describes age, sex, and season patterns in children’s physical activity behaviors during discrete time periods, both in school and at home. Participants were 135 elementary, 67 middle, and 89 high-school students (128 boys and 163 girls) involved in a larger school activity monitoring project. We examined time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at recess, physical education (PE), lunch, commuting to/from school, before-school, after-school, evening, and weekend segments. Differences in MVPA by age, sex, and season were examined using a three-way analysis of variance and separately for each individual segment. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels varied by context and were higher during recess (15.4 ± 8.5 min) while at school, and on Saturdays (97.4 ± 89.5 min) when youth were out-of-school. Elementary children were more active than their older counterparts only during lunch time, after-school, and Sunday (p < 0.05). Boys were consistently more active than girls at all segments. Participants were only more active during non-winter than winter months during PE (p = 0.006), after-school (p < 0.001), and Sunday (p = 0.008) segments. These findings showed that activity levels in youth vary during the day and season. The segments reflect discrete time periods that can potentially be targeted and evaluated to promote physical activity in this population.
Facebrain: A P300 BCI to Facebook

Facebrain is a novel brain-computer interface utilizing the P300 signal as input for interacting with the Facebook social media platform. Electroencephalography along with the open-source BCI2000 software suite is used for both obtaining and processing the signals. Additionally, BCPy2000, an add-on allowing BCI2000 modules to be written in the scripting language Python, is utilized to allow for rapid interface generation, promoting extensibility, and a cross-platform solution. Users are able to select basic Facebook operations via a P300 matrix and then activate a P300 speller as needed for text input. Overall, the purpose of the system is to allow functional, hands-free, and voiceless access to Facebook’s main features including, but not limited to, searching for and adding friends, making posts, using the chat system, and browsing profiles.
Epic failure: Lessons learned from interprofessional faculty development

Interprofessional education (IPE) is now recognized as an important initiative to prepare the next generation of health providers. Although IPE has been embraced by many institutions, faculty development still remains an issue. In this manuscript, the authors share their story of one attempt to educate a variety of health science faculty on IPE in what was perceived as an approachable venue. The story of its epic failure and lessons learned will be shared to help others avoid similar pitfalls.
Supplementing a survey with respondent Twitter data to measure e-cigarette information exposure

Social media data are increasingly used by researchers to gain insights on individuals’ behaviors and opinions. Platforms like Twitter provide access to individuals’ postings, networks of friends a...
Mitochondria: the birth place, battle ground and the site of melatonin metabolism in cells

It was a surprising discovery when mitochondria, as the power houses of cells, were also found to synthesize the potent mitochondrial targeted antioxidant, melatonin. The melatonin synthetic enzyme serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) was found in matrix and also in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. We hypothesize that the melatonin synthesis occurs in the matrix due to substrate (N-acetyl co-enzyme A) availability while the intermembrane space may serve as the recycling pool of SNAT to regulate the melatonin circadian rhythm. Another surprise was that the melatonin membrane receptors, including MT1 and MT2, were also present in mitochondria. The protective effects of melatonin against neuronal injury induced by brain ischemia/reperfusion were proven to be mainly mediated by mitochondrial melatonin receptors rather than the cell surface membrane receptors which is contrary to the classical principle. In addition, melatonin metabolic enzyme has also been identified in the mitochondria. This enzyme can convert melatonin to N-acetylserotonin to strengthen the antitumor effects of melatonin. Thus, mitochondria are the generator, battle ground and metabolic sites of melatonin. The biological significance of the strong association between mitochondria and melatonin should be intensively investigated.
(293) Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Inhibitor: Role in Treatment of Hemicrania Continua, with Potential Benefit in Controlling Diarrhea

Erenumab is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody, approved recently for prevention of episodic and chronic migraine. CGRP is involved in the pathogenesis of migraine, and erenumab works by blocking the CGRP receptors. Common side effects include injection site reactions and constipation. Here we present a patient with hemicrania continua (HC) who responded well to erenumab, while the medication additionally treated her debilitating diarrhea. A 61-year-old female with history of intractable, refractory, chronic, daily, left hemicranial headaches with migrainous features associated with restlessness, but without cranial autonomic symptoms, was diagnosed to have HC with 100 % response to high dose indomethacin trial. She was maintained on low dose indomethacin due to severe acid reflux, along with topiramate, and greater occipital nerve cryoanalgesia, with partial relief. The patient had additionally been complaining of chronic daily watery diarrhea of unknown etiology with intolerance to solids and liquids for 1 year prior to staring the indomethacin. She complained of about 6 loose stools per day. The patient was started on erenumab 70 mg subcutaneously and re-evaluated after 4 weeks. She reported 50% improvement in headache frequency and intensity one week after starting the medication, with no side effects. Additionally, four days after erenumab was started she noted that her stools appeared more formed and her bowel movements reduced in frequency to once daily. She denied constipation. We plan to take her off indomethacin if the favorable response continues. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of drugs that appear to show great promise in migraine prophylaxis with minimal side effects. We believe that this case demonstrates potential benefit of erenumab in other headache syndromes such as HC, as well as highlighting its effectiveness in treating diarrhea. Further studies need to be done to ascertain the full potential of these drugs.
Micro-diamonds: Proposed origins, crystal growth laws, and the underlying principle governing resource predictions

Abstract The origin of micro-diamonds is controversial and although the application to determine the grade and value of macro-diamonds in kimberlite/lamproite bodies continues to receive widespread usage there are several outstanding factors generally not considered, the most important of which is genesis. The issue is addressed in this study in the context that two classes of small diamonds (generally 0.5 mm). The second class of small diamonds (SD 0.5 mm) are quadratic. The two distributions meet or overlap in a marked discontinuity, implying but not proving distinct origins. The power law governing SFD lognormal distributions is fundamental and is widespread across an enormous number of disciplines (from biology to economics), and may be universal (e.g. it is applicable to planetary scale meteorite impact craters, and to the SFD of cosmic-diamonds from supernovae explosions). Industry applications in resource predictions are from mixtures of diamonds (MDS and SD), and extrapolation to larger stones is valid because the fundamental law is independent of origins.
Seed characteristics, oil content and fatty acid composition of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seeds from three arid land locations in Ecuador

Abstract The moringa Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. pterygosperma Gaertn. [Moringaceae]), is native to the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, and can grow naturally in such dry regions as the Thar Desert, in India and Pakistan. Nowadays, it is growing practically all over the world with tropical and subtropical climates. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of arid land’s ecosystem on oil content and fatty acid composition of moringa seeds, in three locations -La Rinco, Ospina and Punta Carnero- of Santa Elena Province, Ecuador. Oil yield percentage of seeds from La Rinco were 12% and 3.5% higher than the percentage of seeds from Ospina and Punta Carnero, respectively. Total saturated myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric fatty acids, in the Ospina, La Rinco, and Carnero Beach oil samples were 21.39, 19.20, and 20.01%, respectively. The moringa oils investigated contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), palmitoleic, oleic and gadoleic up to 77.17, 79.27, and 77.83%, in Ospina, La Rinco, and Carnero Beach respectively. Oleic (18:1n-9) was the predominant MUFA, accounting for 72.38, 75.46 and 75.52% of the total fatty acids in the Ospina, La Rinco and Carnero Beach oils, respectively. This study indicates that moringa oil has a potential to be produced in the arid lands of the Santa Elena Province, Ecuador.
Introduction: Citizenship Surveillance of La Gente(TUe People)?Theory, Practice, and Cultural Citizen Voices

voiced concern about her daughter's fourth-grade teacher, who had expressed her views on citizenship in the classroom. In an earnest tone, the mother stated that she had gone to her daughter's school to find out why that teacher had told her students that immigrants, particularly Mexican immigrants, were not citizens who belonged in the United States. "No estd bien (this is not right)," she said. Given the prominence of anti-immigrant debates, current policies, and the deportation of undocumented immigrants in the United States, the citizenship identity of Latinas/os, marked as illegitimate immigrants, is highly contested in schools and society. As a key element of this special issue of Social Justice, contributors call for citizenship inclusion of young Latinas/os in schools and society. This is critical because young Latinas/os and their families are an emerging, politically under represented "majority" in California and other states. Authors in this issue reflect a sense of urgency when addressing how la gente, Latina/o families and their com? munity members, contend with the power imbued in citizenship ideologies and practices in schools, communities, and national forums. (The term la gente signifies a demographic of Latino people within the populace in general.) As educational scholars, these authors define dimensions of citizenship that are broadly rooted in the daily teaching and learning practices of la gente, who are too often excluded from democratic processes. As Renato Rosaldo (1997) and others have argued, traditional political scientists and institutions have rigidly defined citizenship to mean a national legal status that has to do with papeles ("papers" or legal docu? mentation). This bounded conception overlooks an understanding of citizenship conditions in everyday life, especially in communities with members having various citizenship statuses. Drawing heavily on narratives based on ethnographic research, case studies, or personal testimonies, articles in this issue offer counter-stories from the standpoint of la gente about citizenship as a "lived" experience. Also, by us? ing perspectives from the educational, feminist, and cultural citizenship literature, authors examine the intersection of citizenship theories, practice, and la voz (the
Feasibility of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Systemic Anticoagulation.

Background Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used for acute respiratory distress syndrome and as a bridge to lung transplantation. After initiation of venovenous ECMO, systemic anticoagulation therapy is traditionally administered and can cause bleeding diathesis. Here, we investigated whether venovenous ECMO can be administered without continuous systemic anticoagulation administration for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods This is a retrospective review of an institutional ECMO database. We included consecutive patients from January 2015 through February 2019. Overall, 38 patients received low levels of continuous systemic anticoagulation (AC+) whereas the subsequent 36 patients received standard venous thromboprophylaxis (AC−). Published Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guidelines were used for the definition of outcomes and complications. Results Overall, survival was not different between the two groups (P = .58). However, patients in the AC+ group had higher rates of gastrointestinal bleeding (28.9%, vs AC− group 5.6%; P Conclusions Our results suggest that venovenous ECMO can be safely administered without continuous systemic anticoagulation therapy. This approach may be associated with reduced bleeding diathesis and need for blood transfusions.
Significance?... Significance! Empirical, methodological, and theoretical connections between the late positive potential and P300 as neural responses to stimulus significance: An integrative review

Event-related potential studies of emotional processing have focused on the late positive potential (LPP), a sustained positive deflection in the ERP that is increased for emotionally arousing stimuli. A prominent theory suggests that modulation of the LPP is a response to stimulus significance, defined in terms of the activation of appetitive and aversive motivational systems. The current review incorporates experimental studies showing that manipulations that alter the significance of stimuli alter LPP amplitude. Complementing these within-person studies, also included is individual differences research on depression wherein the LPP has been used to study reduced neural sensitivity to emotional stimuli. Finally, the current review builds an existing framework that the LPP observed in studies in emotional processing and the P300 observed in classic oddball studies may reflect a common response to stimulus significance. This integrative account has implications for the functional interpretation of these ERPs, their neurobiological mechanisms, and clinical applications.
Son los inhibidores del receptor SGLT2 fármacos antidiabéticos o cardiovasculares

Resumen Los inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa tipo 2 (iSGLT2) fueron incialmente desarrollados para el tratamiento de la diabetes por su actividad hipoglucemiante. Sin embargo, a la luz de los estudios clinicos mas recientes, estan revolucionando el abordaje de la enfermedad cardiovascular ( C V) en el paciente diabetico. En el ano 2015, el ensayo clinico EMPA-REG OUTCOME nos demuestra por primera vez que la empagliflozina –un farmaco considerado «antidiabetico»– reduce la mortalidad CV y por cualquier causa, ademas de eventos CV mayores, hospitalizacion por IC y progresion de enfermedad renal. Posteriormente, otros estudios clinicos con agentes del mismo grupo farmacologico, CANVAS, con canagliflozina y DECLARE-TIMI-58 con dapagliflozina, corroboran la exitencia de los beneficios CV asociados a la inhibicion del receptor SGLT2. Los beneficios observados los situan mas alla de simples agentes hipoglucemiantes, con un demostrado efecto cardionefroprotector en la enfermedad aterosclerotica, insuficiencia cardiaca, mortalidad total, mortalidad cardiovascular y progresion de insuficiencia renal. Actualmente ya son una realidad en pacientes diabeticos de alto y muy alto riesgo cardiovascular, mientras su evidencia en el paciente no diabetico es cada vez mayor. Asistimos, por tanto, a un cambio de paradigma y posiblemente al nacimiento de una nueva especialidad, la cardio-endocrinologia, con la implicacion de nuevos tratamientos que deben ser considerados mas que solo farmacos antidiabeticos.
Integrative smart systems: a call to action

All around us our world is undergoing rapid transformative change, from energy to mobility to manufacturing. To meet volatile needs, there is a growing demand for integrative thinking. Integrative thinking is systematically integrating disparate disciplines to effectively tackle complex engineering problems. For decades, the field of Smart Materials and Structures has fostered an integrative mindset – it is in our DNA. Yet, while our field has made great strides in research, successful transition and adoption of technology in the field still tends to be a challenge. Highlighting several integrative smart systems from the past to the future, this talk is designed to provoke a conversation within the community with the hopes to inspire the advocacy of our integrative thinking beyond our field to empower solutions to the most pressing problems of today.
General Introduction to Coupled-Mode Theory

This chapter presents a formalism for showing that small changes in the structure of an optical waveguide structure can couple optical fields, as they propagate through the structure. This approach is an effect akin to the perturbation theory seen, say, in quantum physics; formally this approach is termed as coupled-mode theory. Coupled-mode theory can be used with a wide variety of geometries or hetero-materials and has thus been used to analyze periodic structures or a small isolated surface dent or defect. When waveguide coupling is present, a new set of normal modes of the coupled system are formed, which are termed as system modal fields. This coupling can be expressed in terms of the uncoupled fields and the parameters of waveguide geometry. In addition, this chapter will also consider a variation of the coupled-mode theory, which is written for a longitudinally varying system.
Vasomotor symptoms in midlife women with incident breast cancer: pink SWAN.

We compared trajectories of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and their risk factors in women with breast cancer (BrCa) to those of cancer-free controls. Data were from 15 nearly annual follow-up visits (1996–2017) of the multi-racial/ethnic cohort of midlife women enrolled in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). We compared women with incident BrCa to controls for patterns of VMS, controlling for risk factors identified in bivariate analyses using multivariable longitudinal analyses. Characteristics at study entry largely did not differ between cases (n = 151) and controls (n = 2161). Adjusted prevalence of any VMS increased significantly among cases from diagnosis to 2.75 years post diagnosis [per-year adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–2.24], peaking at 2.75 years post diagnosis, whereas prevalence was stable among controls in this interval [aOR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.99–1.11]. Beyond 2.75 years post diagnosis, prevalence declined significantly in cases [aOR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61–0.84] and less in controls [aOR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–1.00]. Patterns were similar for frequent VMS. Adjustment for tamoxifen use slightly reduced the per-year OR for any prevalent VMS post diagnosis, partially explaining excess VMS in cases. Other treatments were unassociated with VMS. Patterns of prevalent VMS reporting differed significantly between cases and controls, particularly post diagnosis, the latter only partially explained by tamoxifen use among cases. Risk factors for VMS largely did not differ between cases and controls.
Refuges of local resilience: Community gardens in post-Sandy New York City

Community gardens have historically played an important role in the social–ecological resilience of New York City (NYC). These public-access communal gardens not only support flora and fauna to enhance food security and ecosystem services, but also foster communities of practice which nurture the restorative and communal aspects of this civic ecology practice. After NYC communities were devastated by Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the topic of resilience has surfaced to the top of the city's disaster planning and policy agenda. This paper explores the role of community gardens in coastal “red zones” of NYC by analyzing the meaning and relevance of community garden spaces in the resilience and recovery of local residents and community garden members post-Sandy. From April 2013 to February 2014, ethnographic analyses, including participant observation, exploratory and in-depth interviews, and archival research, was undertaken at five community gardens post-Sandy. Our findings indicate that community gardens functioned as multi-purpose community refuges which hosted meaningful and restorative greening practices, and developed supportive communities. This paper seeks to add to our knowledge of post-disaster greening, public spaces, and social–ecological resilience.
The Effects of Lineup Administrator Influence and Mortality Salience on Witness Identification Accuracy

We manipulated mortality salience, perpetrator presence in the lineup, and administrator steering in a mock crime paradigm to examine whether reminders of one’s mortality increase susceptibility to...
Comparing decoding performance between functionally defined neural populations

Neurons in primary motor cortex can be divided into functional populations based on the width of their spike waveforms. These ensembles have different response properties that may subserve different roles in movement generation. Yet, how these differences impact offline decoding performance remains unknown. Here, we show that neurons exhibiting narrow spike waveforms outperform wide spiking neurons in decoding several features of movement. We further examine how decoding performance scales with respect to the number of neurons in the decoder, and show that an ensemble containing only narrow spiking units outperforms other models. These results suggest that it may be useful to consider spike waveform width when designing neural decoders.
Rey Complex Figure Test

The use of complex figures (CF) for evaluating cognitive performance was first described by Arnold Gesell (1925). Since that time, numerous CFs have been proposed, all of which rely on a depiction of the Union Jack as its main component. The most famous of these figures is the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF). This complex figure was developed by Andre Rey at the University of Geneva in the laboratory of Jean Piaget and was later presented by Rey (1941) as part of an article describing his comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. The popularity of the ROCF in the United States is credited to Edith Taylor (1959). In recent years, due to the fact that the ROCF has been removed from public domain, a number of alternate figures have been developed. One of the most widely used alternate figures is the Modified Taylor Complex Figure. Keywords: complex figure test; diagnostic methods; neuropsychological assessment; Rey tests
In vitro protection of amphibian gastric mucosa by nutrient HCO3− against aspirin injury

The effects of luminal aspirin [acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)] at luminal pH 4.5 and pH 3.0 on Ussing chambered amphibian gastric fundic and antral mucosae were investigated using different concentrations of HCO3- ([HCO3-]) in the nutrient solution in histamine-stimulated or metiamide-treated tissues. The severe surface cell and oxyntic gland injury seen in histamine-stimulated tissues after a 3-h exposure to 20 mM ASA at luminal pH 4.5 in HCO3- -free nutrient solution (HEPES) was prevented by including 18 mM or 48 mM HCO3- in the nutrient solution. At luminal pH 3.0, 48 mM HCO3- in the nutrient solution delayed the histologic damage to the surface epithelium and oxyntic glands caused by a 30-min exposure to 20 mM luminal ASA, but it afforded no protection to a 60-min exposure. This protection of the gastric epithelium by a high nutrient [HCO3-] did not occur in metiamide-treated tissues at luminal pH 3.0. Although the injury to antral epithelial cells exposed to 20 mM luminal ASA at luminal pH 3.0 or 4.5 was less severe than that in fundic mucosae, 48 mM HCO3- in the nutrient solution also afforded clear protection in this tissue. A high nutrient [HCO3-] prevented the sharp fall in the potential difference observed in fundus exposed to ASA at luminal pH 4.5 and delayed the fall in potential difference observed in fundic and antral mucosae exposed to ASA at luminal pH 3.0. The high nutrient [HCO3-] did not prevent the increase in resistance observed in tissues during ASA exposure at luminal pH 4.5 and 3.0. The electrical data reflect not only the damaged surface and oxyntic cells caused by ASA, but also the complex effects of ASA on active and passive ion transport. We conclude the following: (a) The mucosal injury to the fundus and antrum caused by luminal ASA is prevented by 48 mM HCO3- in the nutrient solution when luminal pH is 3.0 and by 18 mM HCO3- when luminal pH is 4.5. Absence of nutrient HCO3- accentuates the injury caused by luminal ASA. (b) The luminal pH, concentration, and time of exposure influence the depth and severity of ASA injury to the fundic and antral mucosa. (c) The electrophysiologic and morphologic changes after ASA exposure are not interrelated, due to the complex effects of ASA on the ion transport and morphology of the gastric epithelium.
Study of Chlorate-Resistant Mutants of Arabidopsis: Insights into Nitrate Assimilation and Ion Metabolism of Plants

The analysis of mutants impaired in growth or development has provided a wealth of information on metabolic and genetic regulation in plants. Arabidopsis thaliana has been especially useful for such studies as it is small, fast growing and diploid. Mutants defective in (i) development of flowers, trichomes, leaves and chloroplasts, (ii) hormone synthesis or reception and (iii) metabolic processes such as photorespiration, starch and tryptophan biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and nitrate assimilation have been identified and studied (1). The molecular analysis of these mutants at the DNA level has been facilitated by the fact that Arabidopsis has the smallest genome of any known angiosperm (2). In this paper I review the recent advances that have been made by examining Arabidopsis mutants that are resistant to chlorate (ClO3), the chlorine analog of nitrate. Studies of these mutants have provided insights into the structure and function of genes and their products that are responsible for the assimilation of nitrate (NO3) and hold promise for shedding light on mechanisms of gene regulation and ion transport in plants.
A successful undergraduate design center

The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at North Carolina State University formed an ECE Undergraduate Design Center (UDC) in 1990. The initial funding for the center came from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Beginning in 1991, funding for the center started to come from industry, and the center is currently 100% industry funded. In its first four years, senior ECE students working in reams at the center have completed more than 400 semester long projects. From the industrial perspective, many of these projects have saved companies time or money. From the educational perspective, these undergraduate students have been given the opportunity to work on "real world" projects with engineers from industry and gain valuable experience that would otherwise not be possible. Most of the activities of the UDC evolve around the four credit hour senior design capstone course that is required for all ECE seniors. In the classroom, the capstone course focuses on time-management, team-work, communication skills and open-ended design. Students are expected to take this classroom knowledge and apply it to their actual projects. While working on their projects students interact with engineers from sponsoring companies and with ECE faculty who are familiar with the technology that their particular project focuses on.
Some Aspects of the Production of Oral and Nasal Labial Stops

Various measures were made of the electromyographic output of the muscles of the lips during the production of /p/, /b/, /m/, /mp/ and /mb/, to see if there was a difference in the amount or patterning of activity between sounds usually described as “tense” and “lax”. Overall, there is some slight average tendency for “tense” sounds to be produced more forcefully than “lax”, but this tendency is present only for some subjects and when large numbers of responses are averaged. It is not large enough to serve as the basis for a phonemic distinction based on muscular effort. We conclude that the essential difference between /p/ and /b/ lies elsewhere. The present results support a conclusion drawn from other studies that the real difference is in the relative timing of events at the glottis and at the place of oral occlusion.
Fibrocytes Are Not an Essential Source of Type I Collagen during Lung Fibrosis

Progressive fibrosis involves accumulation of activated collagen-producing mesenchymal cells. Fibrocytes are hematopoietic-derived cells with mesenchymal features that potentially have a unique and critical function during fibrosis. Fibrocytes have been proposed as an important direct contributor of type I collagen deposition during fibrosis based largely on fate-mapping studies. To determine the functional contribution of hematopoietic cell-derived type I collagen to fibrogenesis, we use a double-transgenic system to specifically delete the type I collagen gene across a broad population of hematopoietic cells. These mice develop a robust fibrotic response similar to littermate genotype control mice injured with bleomycin indicating that fibrocytes are not a necessary source of type I collagen. Using collagen–promoter GFP mice, we find that fibrocytes express type I collagen. However, fibrocytes with confirmed deletion of the type I collagen gene have readily detectable intracellular type I collagen indicating that uptake of collagen from neighboring cells account for much of the fibrocyte collagen. Collectively, these results clarify several seemingly conflicting reports regarding the direct contribution of fibrocytes to collagen deposition.
Electrosynthesis of indium sulfide on sulfur-modified polycrystalline gold electrodes

Abstract A new approach for the electrosynthesis of indium sulfide films is described. This approach uses a sulfur-modified gold substrate, and relies on the underpotential deposition of indium on it to form an indium sulfide alloy. Combined cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry scans demonstrate the veracity of this film growth approach. Photoelectrochemical measurements in a polysulfide redox medium show that the In 2 S 3 layers thus grown are photoactive and behave as an n-type semiconductor.