cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Different Insecticides and Fabric Types for Development of Treated Targets for Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Control

Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), once only a pest of pastured cattle, has become a serious pest of range cattle in the United States. Because of the difficulties associated with stable fly management under range conditions, a pesticide-impregnated cloth target is being developed as a management tool. We conducted studies to determine the influence of weather, time, fabric type, insecticide type, and insecticide concentration on the mortality of stable flies from a susceptible laboratory colony exposed for 30 s to treated cloth targets. We found that 100% of the flies exposed to trigger (Trigger-Royal Box, 65% polyester and 35% cotton) fabric targets that were treated with 0.1% h-cyhalothrin or 0.1% zeta-cypermethrin and weathered outdoors in Gainesville, FL., for up to 3 mo, were dead within 20 min after a 30-s exposure. The results of this study support the concept that treated targets can be developed for integration into stable fly control programs.
Time-dependent, glucose-regulated Arabidopsis Regulator of G-protein Signaling 1 network

Abstract Plants lack 7-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) because the G alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex is “self-activating”—meaning that it spontaneously exchanges bound GDP for GTP without the need of a GPCR. In lieu of GPCRs, most plants have a seven transmembrane receptor-like regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein, a component of the complex that keeps G-protein signaling in its non-activated state. The addition of glucose physically uncouples AtRGS1 from the complex through specific endocytosis leaving the activated G protein at the plasma membrane. The complement of proteins in the AtRGS1/G-protein complex over time from glucose-induced endocytosis was profiled by immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry (IP-MS). A total of 119 proteins in the AtRGS1 complex were identified. Several known interactors of the complex were identified, thus validating the approach, but the vast majority (93/119) were not known previously. AtRGS1 protein interactions were dynamically modulated by d -glucose. At low glucose levels, the AtRGS1 complex is comprised of proteins involved in transport, stress and metabolism. After glucose application, the AtRGS1 complex rapidly sheds many of these proteins and recruits other proteins involved in vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. The profile of the AtRGS1 components answers several questions about the type of coat protein and vesicular trafficking GTPases used in AtRGS1 endocytosis and the function of endocytic AtRGS1.
Congenital absence of the odontoid process of the axis; report of a case.

Congenital anomalies leading to a defective unstable atlanto-axial joint are rare. The resultant joint instability appears to present less serious clinical problems than the anatomical possibility suggests. Other than prophylactic indications are necessary before surgical fusion of the joint is performed.
Global Fabricators, Inc

Ideal for MBA students, this case presents an exercise that tests students' knowledge of financial accounting and reporting and how the tax system affects financial reporting. Students are asked to complete an exercise that focuses on the income tax footnote. This footnote provides information that can be used to assess a seller’s tax liability or an acquirer’s tax costs associated with an M&A transaction. As part of the exercise, students are asked to derive the income tax basis and to complete a table of deferred tax assets and liabilities as reported in the income tax footnote.
The Ω as a 3/2+ bound state

The dynamical existence of the Ω—-particle (1675 MeV) as a 3/2+ bound state of the\(\Xi \bar K\) system has been re-investigated. The standard one-channelN/D formalism is used and the input forces are approximated by the Born amplitudes for all low-lying one-particle (or resonance) exchange diagrams up to and including the Y1*(1385 MeV) exchange. The amplitude for the Y1* exchange when computed as though the Y1* were a stable particle leads to an obviously incorrect high-energy behavior and necessitates the introduction of a damping factor into this amplitude. The Regge pole description of the Y1* introduces, in a natural way, such a damping factor. Using this Regge type damping factor we can produce the Ω— for reasonable values of the parameters that enter.
Using Gibbs Energies to Calculate the Pt(111) Hupd Cyclic Voltammogram

The cyclic voltammogram for hydrogen on Pt(111) has been calculated using potential-dependent Gibbs reduction energies obtained by the Interface 1.0 code. The reversible potentials, Urev, are predicted by the equilibrium condition where the Gibbs energy of the oxidized reactant plus an electron and the Gibbs energy of the reduced product, when graphed as functions of electrode potential, cross and are equal at the reversible potential. Reversible potentials are calculated for 12 different coverages of H(ads), and a third-order analytic function is fit to the results. Using the derivative of this function, the experimental voltage scan rate, and the experimentally observed maximum H(ads) coverage, the cyclic voltammogram can be calculated. With the Langmuir isotherm contribution −TΔS added to the Gibbs energies, the width of the predicted voltammogram and its maximum current density compare favorably with measurements from the literature. In detailed shape, the predicted current densities are curved more t...
Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass Fibers

We demonstrate the first low-loss optical fiber made from photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass. Fiber Bragg gratings with efficiencies exceeding 99% were recorded and did not deteriorate after 12 hour exposure to temperatures above 400 °C.
Survival of Dogs Following Section of Carotid and Vertebral Arteries.

Summary1. In a group of 7 dogs, the common carotid and vertebral arteries were doubly ligated and sectioned. In a second group of 7 dogs, common carotids were cut in 2 animals, vertebral arteries in another 2, vertebrals and internal carotids in another 2, and common carotids and one vertebral in one dog. 2. Animals in both groups survived 4 months from August to December, 1959. Heart rates, body temperatures and eye-grounds remained essentially normal in animals of both groups. Of dogs in the first group (carotid and vertebral arteries cut), in-telligence and alertness appear somewhat impaired, and physical condition is poor, with marked emaciation, hair loss, and edema of the extremities. All animals in second group appear normal in all respects. 3. The presence of known arterial anastomoses makes complete cerebral anemia most unlikely following section of both common carotid and both vertebral arteries in the dog. It is concluded that permanent interruption of the carotid and vertebral arterial supply ...
An Investigation of the Learning Attitudes of Chinese-learning Overseas Students

This is a quantitative study with a questionnaire survey of the learning attitudes of ninety Chinese-learning overseas students in Peking University and their backgrounds.The questionnaire which is based on Gardner's AMTB questionnaire has 25 questions in English,Japanese and Korean respectively.Using SPSS software for the factor analysis,the research has obtained five attitudes related to learning situation,foreign language learning,culture,target group and subjectivity.The statistic analysis has proved that as far as the background factors are concerned,gender exerts no effect on their learning attitudes but age,nationality,Chinese proficiency,Chinese family background and Chinese-learning time exert definite effects.
Performance research for 5 kW vanadium redox battery system

The effect of different current on the columbic efficiency and the energy efficiency of the vanadium redox battery was investigated. The columbic efficiency and energy efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of the current. The performance of the single battery was investigated. The results show weak consistency.The efficiency performance of the 5 kW energy storage system was investigated.The system show low efficiency because the power level of the PCS cannot match the power level of the battery.In the course of 17 h self-discharge,the voltage dropped under the voltage platform.The vanadium permeability of Nafion117 needs to be improved.
United Against the Enemy: Anti-Jamming Based on Cross-Layer Cooperation in Wireless Networks

Denial-of-service attacks launched by malicious jammers can pose significant threats to infrastructure-less wireless networks without a centralized controller. While significant recent research efforts have dealt with such attacks and several possible countermeasures have been proposed, little attention has been paid to the idea of cooperative anti-jamming. Inspired by this observation, this paper proposes and studies a cooperative anti-jamming scheme designed to enhance the quality of links degraded by jammers. To achieve this objective, users are allowed to cooperate at two levels. First, they cooperate to optimally regulate their channel access probabilities, so that jammed users gain a higher share of channel utilization. Second, users leverage multiple-input single-output cooperative communication techniques to enhance the throughput of jammed links. The problem of optimal cooperative anti-jamming is formulated as a distributed pricing-based optimization problem, and a best-response algorithm is proposed to solve it in a distributed way. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves considerable gains (compared with traditional non-cooperative anti-jamming) especially under heavy traffic or high jamming power. Furthermore, the proposed distributed algorithm is shown to achieve close-to-global optimality with moderate traffic load.
Online learning of robot soccer free kick plans using a bandit approach

This paper presents an online learning approach for teams of autonomous soccer robots to select free kick plans. In robot soccer, free kicks present an opportunity to execute plans with relatively controllable initial conditions. However, the effectiveness of each plan is highly dependent on the adversary, and there are few free kicks during each game, making it necessary to learn online from sparse observations. To achieve learning, we first greatly reduce the planning space by framing the problem as a contextual multi-armed bandit problem, in which the actions are a set of pre-computed plans, and the state is the position of the free kick on the field. During execution, we model the reward function for different free kicks using Gaussian Processes, and perform online learning using the Upper Confidence Bound algorithm. Results from a physics-based simulation reveal that the robots are capable of adapting to various different realistic opponents to maximize their expected reward during free kicks.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters, Depression, Alcohol Abuse, and General Stress Among Hispanic Male Firefighters:

This study examined the association of the four posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters (re-experiencing, avoidance, dysphoria, and hyperarousal) included in the Dysphoria factor mode...
A Gendered Approach to Understanding the Roles of Social Bonding, Personal Control, and Strain on College Dating Violence in Emerging Adulthood

Borrowing insights from concepts that have been shown to predict deviant or criminal outcomes (i.e., social bonding, personal control, and strain), this study examined dating violence from the perpetrators' and gender-relevance perspective among young college students (18-25 years old). This study raised 2 research questions: Were social bonding, personal control, and strain associated with college dating violence? How did these associations differ by gender? In sum, 2 types of social bonding (commitment to goal attainment and spending time with delinquent peers) were linked to psychological aggression in dating. Whereas self-control was negatively related to dating violence perpetration, antisocial tendencies were associated with physical aggression. Further, all the strain measures (i.e., daily hassles, relationship distress, and couple conflict) had a positive association with dating violence. When gender was considered, self-control had a protective effect for women and antisocial tendencies served as a risk factor for increased psychological violence among men.
Citation for Charlie Fitzpatrick 2016 Recipient of the George J Miller Award for Distinguished Service

I have had the honor of working with many fine people over the years. Yet when I consider the individuals who have made a significant, global, positive impact on the discipline of geography, and sp...
Open-label versus double-blind placebo treatment in irritable bowel syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Placebo medications, by definition, are composed of inactive ingredients that have no physiological effect on symptoms. Nonetheless, administration of placebo in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and in clinical settings has been demonstrated to have significant impact on many physical and psychological complaints. Until recently, conventional wisdom has suggested that patients must believe that placebo pills actually contain (or, at least, might possibly contain) active medication in order to elicit a response to placebo. However, several recent RCTs, including patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic low back pain, and episodic migraine, have demonstrated that individuals receiving open-label placebo (OLP) can still experience symptomatic improvement and benefit from honestly described placebo treatment. This paper describes an innovative multidisciplinary trial design (n = 280) that attempts to replicate and expand upon an earlier IBS OLP study. The current study will compare OLP to double-blind placebo (DBP) administration which is made possible by including a nested, double-blind RCT comparing DBP and peppermint oil. The study also examines possible genetic and psychological predictors of OLP and seeks to better understand participants’ experiences with OLP and DBP through a series of extensive interviews with a randomly selected subgroup. OLP treatment is a novel strategy for ethically harnessing placebo effects. It has potential to re-frame theories of placebo and to influence how physicians can optimize watch-and-wait strategies for common, subjective symptoms. The current study aims to dramatically expand what we know about OLP by comparing, for the first time, OLP and DBP administration. Adopting a unique, multidisciplinary approach, the study also explores genetic, psychological and experiential dimensions of OLP. The paper ends with an extensive discussion of the “culture” of the trial as well as potential mechanisms of OLP and ethical implications. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02802241 . Registered on 14 June 2016.
Sum-Rate Analysis for Multi-User MIMO Systems With User Exposure Constraints

Fifth generation (5G) and beyond cellular systems are expected to support multiple uplink transmit antennas. Previous research demonstrates that designing waveforms satisfying near field user exposure constraints affects the far-field data rates achievable by portable devices using multiple transmit antennas. Therefore, user exposure constraints need to be taken into account in the uplink transmission covariance matrix design (e.g., precoder design) for 5G. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a widely accepted user exposure measurement used in wireless communication regulations throughout the world. In this paper, we perform sum-rate analysis for a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with SAR constraints enforced at each user. The maximum achievable sum rates for various channel state information at the transmitter scenarios are studied in this paper. The SAR-aware MIMO transmission methods are based on the modified waterfilling algorithm. Simulation results show our proposed methods outperform the conventional transmission strategy for the two user case.
Research Design and Methodological Matters

This chapter analyses the design of the research project and the methodological matters that emerged before and during the phases of the investigation.
A Supervised Learning Approach To Entity Matching Between Scholarly Big Datasets

Bibliography metadata in scientific documents are essential in indexing and retrieval of scholarly big data for production search engines and bibliometrics research studies. Crawl-based digital library search engines can harvest millions of documents efficiently but metadata information extracted by automatic extractors are often noisy, incomplete, and/or with parsing errors. These metadata could be cleaned given a reference database. In this work, we develop a supervised machine learning based approach to match entities in a target database to a reference database, which can further be used to clean metadata in the target database. The approach leverages a number of features extracted from headers available from automatic extraction results. By adjusting combinations of hyper-parameters and various sampling strategies, the best results of Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, Random Forests, and Naive Bayes models give comparable results, with F1-measure of about 90%, outperforming information retrieval only based method by about 14%, evaluated with cross validation.
Mutations in osteoprotegerin account for the CCAL1 locus in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease

Summary Objective Mutations on chromosomes 5p (CCAL2) and 8q (CCAL1) have been linked to familial forms of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD). Mutations in the ANKH gene account for CCAL2, but the identity of CCAL1 has been elusive. Recently, a single Dutch kindred with a mutation in the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Super Family member 11B (TNFRSF11B) gene coding for osteoprotegerin (OPG) was described as a gain-of-function mutation. Affected family members had premature generalized osteoarthritis (PGOA) and CPDD. As the TNFRSF11B gene is on 8q, we sought additional evidence that TNFRSF11B was CCAL1, and investigated potential disease mechanisms. Design DNA from two novel PGOA/CPDD families was screened for sequence variants in the TNFRSF11B gene. Mutations were verified by genotype analysis of affected and unaffected family members. We also investigated effects of normal and mutant OPG on regulators of CPP crystal formation in porcine cartilage. Results The identical TNFRSF11B mutation described in the Dutch family was present in two novel PGOA/CPDD families. ANKH was normal in affected patient fibroblasts. Exogenous OPG did not alter ANKH mRNA or protein levels, affect translocation of ANKH to the membrane, nor increase [pyrophosphate (PPi)] or other key regulators of CPDD. Conclusion We have firmly established the identity of CCAL1 as TNFRSF11B (OPG). Our findings suggest that this mutation produces disease in an ANKH-independent manner via novel mechanisms not primarily targeting cartilage. This work rationalizes further investigation of OPG pathway components as potential druggable targets for CPDD.
Investigation of Buoyancy Driven Flow in a Simplified Full-Scale Underhood – Numerical Study

Transient numerical results are presented for simulating buoyancy driven flow in a simplified full-scale underhood in automobile. The flow condition is set up in such a way that it mimics the underhood soak condition, when the vehicle is parked in a windbreak with power shut-down, after enduring high thermal loads due to performing a sequence of operating conditions, such as highway driving and trailer grade loads in a hot ambient environment. For validation, several experiments were conducted to measure the temperature and velocity fields. The simplified underhood geometry, although simplified, consists of the essential components in a typical automobile underhood undergoing the buoyancy driven flow condition. It includes an enclosure, an engine block and two exhaust cylinders mounted along the sides of the engine block. The calculated temperature and velocity were compared with the measured data at different locations near and away from the hot exhaust plumes. The numerical predictions reveal a complex, transient flow structure under the buoyancy condition, and the results show very favorable comparisons with the experimental velocity and temperature measurements. The transient numerical procedure developed for the current study would pave the way for the future numerical simulations of the practical real underhood soaking.
Chapter 8 – Evaporation

Evaporators are commonly used to concentrate foods by using heat to evaporate water from the food. As the liquid is concentrated, its boiling point is elevated. Using low pressure, boiling of liquid foods (such as juices) is carried out at low temperatures and the heat labile food attributes are preserved. Different types of evaporators are used in the food industry including batch-type, natural circulation, rising-film, falling-film, rising/falling-film, and agitated thin-film evaporators. Heat and mass balances are used in calculations to design single- and multiple-effect evaporators. Steam economy gives an indication of the process efficiency. Vapor recompression systems such as thermal recompression and mechanical vapor recompression are useful in minimizing energy use.
An Architecture for Performing Real Time Integrated Health Monitoring of Aircraft Systems Using Avionics Big Data

Aircraft maintenance and its associated activities have many challenges. These include keeping aircraft downtime as minimum as possible and keeping an adequate inventory to replace a faulty component. Traditionally, aircraft maintenance was performed on the principle of condition based maintenance (CBM) i.e. performing maintenance due to degradation of system performance. Although this approach has served its purpose, the advent of new aircrafts like A380, A350 and B787 and exponential growth in the number of aircrafts flying today calls for renewed design approach towards aircraft maintenance. There is a growing industry requirement for changing the aircraft maintenance design from being reactive to proactive. Technological advancements have led to development from mechanical aircraft system to electrical aircraft system. Health checking of an aircraft has evolved from inspection to system health monitoring. There are now more sensors, more systems and more exchange of data among systems and ground stations. These advancements are supporting the industry needs for proactive maintenance approach, but these advancements have been in silos and have grown over time catering to requirements one by one at system and subsystem level leading to inconsistencies, inefficiencies and ineffectiveness. Hence a new architecture which takes a holistic view of complete aircraft as a system for performing real time aircraft health monitoring is required. The advent of sensor technologies, intelligent aircraft systems, avionics communication networks, high performance computation clusters and frameworks for big data analytics hold the key for designing real time and integrated health monitoring of aircraft systems. In this paper an attempt has been made to define sources for “on the fly” health monitoring data generation, an architectural framework for usage of ISO-13374 standard, OSA-CBM supplied UML diagrams and ARINC 664 standard for transmission of health monitoring data and perform just in time health assessment by offline and online prognostic modules using “on the fly” health monitoring data and Hadoop framework.
Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Biventricular Pacing After Left Ventricular Assist Device.

Abstract Background Despite cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), some patients with heart failure progress and undergo left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Management of CRT after LVAD implantation has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether RV pacing or biventricular pacing measurably affects acute hemodynamics in patients with an LVAD and a CRT device. Methods and Results Seven patients with CRT and LVAD underwent right heart catheterization. Pressures and oximetry were measured and LVAD parameters were recorded during 3 different conditions: RV pacing alone, biventricular pacing, and intrinsic atrioventricular conduction. Paired t tests were used to evaluate changes within subjects. There were no significant changes in right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressures, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, or any LVAD parameter (P > .05). Conclusions Our data suggest that CRT probably has no acute hemodynamic effect in patients with LVADs, but further study is needed.
Estrogen Modulates Ethanol-Induced Memory Deficit in Postpubertal Adolescent Rats.

Background Our laboratory and others have reported that ethanol (EtOH) impairs hippocampus-associated memory formation in prepubertal adolescent rats. Acute alcohol exposure in humans produces a syndrome of memory loss ("blackouts") that is similar to impairments caused by hippocampal damage. The ability to form new long-term explicit memories is affected, but not short-term memory storage or recall of information from long-term storage. Alcohol-induced memory impairment, similar to teenage alcohol blackouts, has been shown in prepubertal adolescent rodents. In the present study, EtOH's effect on contextual fear memory was examined in postpubertal rats. Methods In Experiment 1, intact male and female postpubertal rats were treated with an acute intraperitoneal injection of EtOH or vehicle. Thirty minutes later, rats were trained in the fear conditioning paradigm, and 24 hours after training, all rats were tested for contextual fear conditioning. In Experiment 2, groups of intact postpubertal female rats were treated with a single injection of EtOH, or vehicle, during different phases of the estrus cycle and tested for fear conditioning. In Experiment 3, groups of postpubertal female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and were given hormonal supplementation (estrogen with or without progesterone) and tested for EtOH-induced memory formation. Additional controls included sham-operated, oil-treated postpubertal female rats. In Experiment 4, intact postpubertal male rats were administered exogenous estrogen alone or together with progesterone and tested for EtOH-induced contextual memory formation. Results Following an acute EtOH exposure, intact postpubertal female rats exhibited significant impairments in contextual fear conditioning. But acute EtOH had little effect on contextual fear conditioning in intact postpubertal males. EtOH impaired memory formation during all phases of the estrus cycle except during estrus phase when blood levels of estrogen are low. Ovariectomized rats did not show any EtOH-induced impairment in contextual freezing compared to vehicle-treated ovariectomized rats. In female rats, bilateral ovariectomy eliminated EtOH-induced memory deficit and estrogen replacement reintroduced EtOH-induced memory impairment. Although postpubertal male rats were insensitive to EtOH's effect on contextual fear conditioning, but when treated with exogenous estrogen, they performed poorly in the contextual memory task. Conclusions Together, these data suggest that the female gonadal hormone estrogen is an important modulator of EtOH-induced cognitive behavior in postpubertal female and male rats, and that it may play an important role in teenage alcohol blackout.
Impact of motivational interviewing on engagement in a parent-exclusive paediatric obesity intervention: randomized controlled trial of NOURISH+MI.

BACKGROUND Attrition and treatment adherence are notorious challenges in paediatric obesity interventions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if brief, pretreatment motivational interviewing (MI) can improve retention (at baseline, post-assessment and follow-up assessment) and adherence (i.e. attendance) in a parent-exclusive paediatric obesity intervention. METHODS MI was implemented with parents as an adjunct to a larger randomized controlled trial of Nourishing Our Understanding of Role-modeling to Improve Support and Health (NOURISH+ ), a parent intervention for children with overweight ages 5-11 years. Parents (N = 112) were randomized to receive two MI sessions (one telephone and one in person) or reminder calls. RESULTS Parents (91% women; 52% African American) who completed one telephone MI session were more likely to attend baseline (74%) compared with parents who received reminder calls only (53%, p .05). Treatment attendance, post or 4-month follow-up assessment completion did not differ between conditions (p > .05). CONCLUSION One MI session implemented prior to treatment can improve baseline attendance; a second MI session did not enhance these effects. A single-session telephone-based MI pretreatment might be a cost and time-effective strategy to enhance recruitment efforts. Further strategies to address retention and treatment attendance are needed.
International Commercial Transactions: 1997

As in past years, this Survey reviews the completed, pending, and proposed transnational commercial law projects of particular interest to practitioners in the United States.1 The principal focus is on the work product of four international lawmaking bodies in which the United States participates: the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL); the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT); the Organization of American States (OAS); and the Hague Conference on Private International Law.2 Reference to the work of non-governmental bodies is made where relevant. The principal legacy of 1997 was the adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency.3 In addition, work continued on secured transactions projects reported in previous annual surveys, and growing interest in electronic commerce encouraged further attempts to explore such issues as the law governing electronic signatures. No major new initiative was undertaken. There were, however, significant changes in the personnel that have run the relevant international and domestic institutions for the past several decades. Fortunately, one threatened change a consequence of the United States' nonpayment of its dues to the United Nations (UN.) was avoided when the United States was reelected by a relatively slim majority to UNCITRAL.
Nucleotide sequence and expression of the two genes encoding D2 protein and the single gene encoding the CP43 protein of Photosystem II in the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. PCC 7002.

The unicellular photoheterotrophic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was shown to encode two genes for the Photosystem II reaction center core protein D2 and one gene for the reaction center chlorophyhll-binding protein CP43. These three genes were cloned and their DNA sequences determined along with their flanking DNA sequences. Northern hybridization experiments show that both genes which encode D2, psbD1 and psbD2, are expressed at roughly equivalent levels. For each of the two psbD genes, there are 18 nucleotide differences among the 1059 nucleotides which are translated. The DNA sequences surrounding the coding sequences are nearly 70% divergent. Despite the DNA sequence differences in the genes, the proteins encoded by the two genes are predicted to be identical. The proteins encoded by psbD1 and psbD2 are ∼92% homologous to other sequenced cyanobacterial psbD genes and ∼86% homologous to sequenced chloroplast-encoded psbD genes.
What Drives the North Atlantic Oscillation’s Temperature Anomaly Pattern? Part II: A Decomposition of the Surface Downward Longwave Radiation Anomalies

AbstractRadiative transfer calculations are conducted to determine the contribution of temperature and water vapor anomalies toward the surface clear-sky downward longwave radiation (DLR) anomalies...
Pemphigus Vulgaris Following Influenza: A Case Report

Viruses have long been implicated as potential triggers of autoimmune disease. In the case of pemphigus vulgaris, members of the herpesviridae family are often associated with its development. There have also been reports of pemphigus being triggered by the influenza vaccine. We report a case of a 17-year-old male who developed mucous membrane-predominant pemphigus vulgaris after testing positive for the influenza virus and discuss proposed hypotheses for the association between viral infections and autoimmunity, such as molecular mimicry and epitope spreading.
Designing an Assessment for Introductory Programming Concepts in Middle School Computer Science

Teaching of computer science (CS is rapidly expanding in schools. Learning to program is a key ingredient of school CS curricula, and consequently, there is a need for quality measures of student learning of foundational programming concepts. However, high-quality tools for measuring student learning in introductory CS have been under-developed and under-researched. This experience report shares the process of design and refinement of a summative paper-based assessment (that could also be administered online) for introductory programming in middle grades (6-8). We share our experiences with the use of assessment as a pre-post measure in a middle school introductory programming course in diverse, urban school classrooms in the US and use that data to conduct validity, reliability and item discrimination analyses.
Identifying a commercially-available 3D printing process that minimizes model distortion after annealing and autoclaving and the effect of steam sterilization on mechanical strength

Fused deposition modeling 3D printing is used in medicine for diverse purposes such as creating patient-specific anatomical models and surgical instruments. For use in the sterile surgical field, it is necessary to understand the mechanical behavior of these prints across 3D printing materials and after autoclaving. It has been previously understood that steam sterilization weakens polylactic acid, however, annealing heat treatment of polylactic acid increases its crystallinity and mechanical strength. We aim to identify an optimal and commercially available 3D printing process that minimizes distortion after annealing and autoclaving and to quantify mechanical strength after these interventions. Thirty millimeters cubes with four different infill geometries were 3D printed and subjected to hot water-bath annealing then immediate autoclaving. Seven commercially available 3D printing materials were tested to understand their mechanical behavior after intervention. The dimensions in the X, Y, and Z axes were measured before and after annealing, and again after subsequent autoclaving. Standard and strength-optimized Army-Navy retractor designs were printed using the 3D printing material and infill geometry that deformed the least. These retractors were subjected to annealing and autoclaving interventions and tested for differences in mechanical strength. For both the annealing and subsequent autoclaving intervention, the material and infill geometry that deformed the least, respectively, was Essentium PLA Gray and “grid”. Standard retractors without intervention failed at 95 N +/− 2.4 N. Annealed retractors failed at 127.3 N +/− 10 N. Autoclave only retractors failed at 15.7 N +/− 1.4 N. Annealed then autoclaved retractors failed at 19.8 N +/− 3.1 N. Strength-optimized retractors, after the annealing then autoclaving intervention, failed at 164.8 N +/− 12.5 N. For 30 mm cubes, the 3D printing material and infill geometry that deformed the least, respectively, was Essentium PLA and “grid”. Hot water-bath annealing results in increased 3D printed model strength, however autoclaving 3D prints markedly diminishes strength. Strength-optimized 3D printed PLA Army-Navy retractors overcome the strength limitation due to autoclaving.
A pilot [11C]PBR28 PET/MRI study of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in chronic stroke patients.

Abstract Neuroinflammation occurs in response to acute ischemic stroke, and has been speculated to underlie secondary poststroke pathologies, such as depression, that often develop over time poststroke. However, no study has examined whether neuroinflammation is present in chronic stroke patients (e.g., ​≥ ​1 year poststroke). This study tested whether neuroinflammation is present in chronic stroke patients, and is associated with neurodegeneration, using [11C]PBR28 PET and diffusion MRI. Eight patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke incurred 1–3 years prior and 16 healthy controls underwent [11C]PBR28 PET to measure glial activation and diffusion MRI to measure microstructural integrity by mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) using an integrated PET/MRI scanner. Group differences in [11C]PBR28 binding, MD and FA were analyzed voxelwise across the whole brain excluding the infarct zone defined as voxels containing the infarct in any patient. Compared to controls, patients showed elevations in [11C]PBR28 binding in several brain regions outside the infarct zone, including regions with presumed direct neuroanatomical connections to the infarct (e.g., ipsilesional internal capsule and thalamus) and those without known direct connections (e.g., contralesional thalamus and cingulate gyrus). Patients also showed widespread elevations in MD, with a subset of these regions having reduced FA. In patients, MD was more elevated in regions with co-localized elevations in [11C]PBR28 binding than in contralateral regions without elevations in [11C]PBR28 binding. This pilot study supports the presence of extensive glial activation along with widespread loss in microstructural integrity in non-infarcted tissue in a cohort of patients with chronic MCA stroke. The loss in microstructural integrity was greater in regions with co-localized glial activation. It is possible that stroke risk factors (e.g., hypertension) contributed to these tissue changes in patients.
Arthur Andersen, LLP. and Martha Stewart: Should Materiality be an Element of Obstruction of Justice?

Obstruction of justice, with its many different statutes, is a crime that prosecutors can use with relative ease. It covers a wide breadth of activity and has few limitations. This paper examines the prosecutorial use of obstruction charges in the cases of Martha Stewart and Arthur Andersen, LLP. Although the statutes differed in these two prosecutions, with Arthur Andersen, LLP., prosecuted for the crime of obstruction of justice under 18 U.S.C. Section 1512, and Martha Stewart, prosecuted for several criminal charges including obstruction of justice under 18 U.S.C. Section 1505, both demonstrate how prosecutors can leave unfinished the original activity that was the subject of investigation to proceed with the easier obstruction charge. This article provides a way to restrict prosecutors in their use of the crime of obstruction of justice when it is used solely for expediency purposes. In essence, it reads in an element of materiality as required for this crime in a manner similar to how the Supreme Court included materiality for fraud prosecutions. By adding an element of materiality as a requirement for an obstruction conviction, prosecutors are forced to complete investigations that can be completed on the substantive charges. In contrast, investigations that cannot continue because the obstructive conduct precludes continuation because of either destruction of evidence or intimidation of witnesses, still have available the ability to appropriately punish the activity via a charge of obstruction of justice.
OCS Leasing and Auctions: Incentives and the Performance of Alternative Bidding Institutions

In Watt v. Energy Action Educational Foundation, the Supreme Court rebutted a challenge to the federal government's mix of "nontraditional" outer continental shelf lease-auction mechanisms authorized under the 1978 OCS Amendments. The issues of this case addressed here include: the economic intent of the congressional language; incentive properties of various of the authorized auction processes; methodological shortcomings inherent in the implicit congressional directive for field experimentation; and, the usefulness of laboratory experimental economics in answering relevant auction-policy questions. The discussion of experimental economics includes evidence already gained from laboratory experiments relating to hypotheses about auction-market performance.
Structures for Sensor-Based Robot Motion Control

Feedback of end-effector position to robot controllers provides an effective means for compensating for manipulator path errors and variations in workpiece geometry. Most current robot controllers do not provide the facility for real-time path correction using sensor feedback; this capability will be an essential element of future robot control systems. This paper presents a comparison of two alternative control structures, as applied to realistic models of robot mechanical and microelectronic control systems.
The annual march of the topoclimatic spatial patterns of net radiation in southern California

A previously determined model [9], based on the theoretical knowledge of the physical modifications of solar energy by the atmosphere and its transformation at the surface, has been used to determine the monthly distribution of net radiation in southern California at a topoclimatic scale. Parameters utilized in the equations were cloud cover, cloud type, surface albedo, precipitable water vapor, surface temperature, slope angle, slope orientation, elevation, and urban sinog. A remarkable contrast was found between relatively high net radiation values for the littoral and coastal mountains and those of the lower values of the arid eastern parts of southern California.
Comment on ''Analysis of Floquet formulation of time-dependent density-functional theory'' (Chem. Phys. Lett. 433 (2006) 204)

We discuss the relationship between modern time-dependent density-functional theory and earlier time-periodic versions, and why the criticisms in a recent Letter [Chem. Phys. Lett. 433 (2006) 204] of our earlier analysis [Chem. Phys. Lett. 359 (2002) 237] are incorrect.
Eutrophication of Lakes and Rivers

Eutrophication is an ecological process, akin to aging, in which a water body is increasingly enriched with organic matter. Although the most obvious signs of eutrophication in lakes and rivers involve algal blooms and fish kills, the systemic of eutrophication, although profound, are often not as noticeable to the casual observer. Eutrophication of lakes and rivers is accelerated by nutrient pollution, one of the most pervasive water quality problems in the world. Increases in populations and intensification of land use have accelerated eutrophication of water bodies from the Great Lakes of North America, to Lake Tai of China to Lake Victoria in Africa. Because nutrients can come from many sources, point as well as nonpoint, comprehensive strategies are required to curb eutrophication. A variety of watershed programs have yielded success, but they are outnumbered by the ever-expanding number of lakes and rivers that are undergoing eutrophication. Key Concepts: Eutrophication of lakes and rivers is caused primarily by inputs of phosphorus and nitrogen. Accelerated eutrophication can render a water body unusable for many uses, from fishing to swimming to drinking water. Point source pollution comes predominately from industrial sources and wastewater treatment plants. Nonpoint source pollution, or diffuse pollution, derives from urban and rural land uses, ranging from lawns and golf courses to agricultural fields. Watershed management is required to successfully control eutrophication, involving comprehensive programs that tackle the many sources of nutrients in a watershed. Nonpoint sources of nutrients, such as soils, sediments and groundwater, are extremely difficult to combat, requiring decades to reverse. Keywords: phytoplankton; algae; cyanobacteria; organic enrichment; agriculture; public health
Genetic transformation of Veillonella parvula

Veillonellae are one of the most prevalent and predominant microorganisms in both the supra- and subgingival plaques of the human oral cavity. Veillonellae's mutualistic relationships with the early, middle, and late colonizers of the oral cavity make them an important component of oral biofilm ecology. Unlike other ubiquitous early colonizers in the oral cavity, surprisingly little is known about Veillonella biology due to our lack of ability to genetically transform this group of bacteria. The objective of this study was to test the transformability of veillonellae. Using Veillonella parvula strain PK1910, we first obtained spontaneous mutations conferring streptomycin resistance. These mutations all carry a K43N substitution in the RpsL protein. Using the mutated rpsL gene as a selection marker, a variety of conditions were tested and optimized for electroporation. With the optimized protocol, we were able to introduce the first targeted mutation into the chromosome of V. parvula PK1910. Although more studies are needed to develop a robust genetic manipulation system in veillonellae, our results demonstrated, for the first time, that V. parvula is transformable, at least for strain PK1910.
Comparing Models of Nature of Science Dimensionality Based on the Next Generation Science Standards

Instruments measuring understanding of the nature of science (NOS) are required if educational institutions intend to use benchmarks or examine the effects of interventions targeting students’ NOS development. Compared to other constructs, NOS understanding is complex, having been the subject of debate among scholars in both its substance and its dimensionality. This complexity invites challenges in defining what is to be measured. Drawing from the perspective that policy reform documents provide pragmatic consensus-based definitions of NOS, this study investigated how well the dimensionality described in the NOS component of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) framework matched the empirical structure of data collected from a set of secondary-school students’ responses to an NOS instrument comprising multiple-choice and Likert-scale items. Using multidimensional item response modeling to compare structures of NOS dimensionality, we found that treating NOS as comprising multiple dimensions—as def...
A review: Constitution of the AlCrNi system

Abstract The existing literature on phase constitution in the AlCrNi system has been reviewed. A critical evaluation of experimental investigations confined to the AlNiCrNi region has been made. A reaction sequence describing phase equilibrium relationships has been developed based on the respective binary systems, microstructures observed in pack-aluminized samples and studies of equilibrated ternary alloys. A series of isothermal sections is presented for the solid state phase equilibria, particularly for the nickel-rich corner. Crystallographic and thermodynamic data are summarized briefly.
Cohering Culture on Calle Ocho: The Pause and Flow of Latinidad

Abstract The term latinidad invokes a pan-Latino/a solidarity which is at once intriguing and problematic. In this article, I explore latinidad as a situational coherence of place-specific social relations. In other words, latinidad is a contingent and cultural event. When culture is defined in this mutable, rather than static, fashion, the notion of situational coherence, decomposition, and recomposition becomes central. Thus culture, and latinidad as a cultural event, involves a dynamic interplay between flow and pause. This is an interplay which is mirrored at a broader level in my discussion of globalization, as well as more narrowly in the role of city streets from which the examples to illustrate the pause and flow of latinidad are drawn. Using examples from Miami, I suggest that solidarity amongst Latinos/as materializes—or fails to do so—in ways that illuminate an understanding of identity, place, and belonging.