cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Petrology of mantle-derived ultramafics from the Owen fracture zone, northwest Indian ocean: Implications for the nature of the oceanic upper mantle

An anomalous topographic high located 40 km southwest of the intersection of the Owen fracture zone with the Mid-Indian (Carlsberg) Ridge exposes mantle-derived ultramafic rocks for a vertical thickness of over 2 km. The rocks consist of partially serpentinized spinel lherzolite (ol 64%, opx 25%, cpx 9%, sp 2%) together with subordinate harzburgite and rare dunite. Their coarse (protogranular) to porphyroclastic textures and mineral chemistry reveal a complex equilibration history and a strong resemblance to spinel lherzolite inclusions of the Cr-diopside group. Porphyroclastic olivine (Fo89.0–90.4), enstatite (En89.5–91.0; Al2O3; 3.0–6.5%) and diopside (Wo43–46En51–50Fs6–4; Al2O3: 4.4–7.0%; Cr2O3: 0.74–1.68%) have uniform composition irrespective of modal proportions and coexist with Al-rich spinel. Recrystallized pyroxenes exhibit lower Al2O3 and lower Di-En miscibility than porphyroclasts, consistent with partial subsolidus re-equilibration to lowerTandP. Plagioclase (An91–96), associated with a Cr-rich spinel, is a rare product of this subsolidus recrystallization and is indicative of final but incomplete equilibration within the plagioclase periodotite stability field. Textural relations of Al-rich spinel suggest an origin by two independent reactions. In the first association spinel occurs as coarse pyroxene-spinel clusters which may have formed from the breakdown of garnet during mantle upwelling beneath the Mid-Indian Ridge. In the second association spinel comprises part of the fine-grained recrystallized assemblage and probably formed via recrystallization of Al-rich pyroxene to Al-poor pyroxene. On the assumption that these ultramafics have been subjected to processes operative at accretionary plate boundaries (convective mantle upwelling, partial melting, removal of basaltic melt, incorporation into the sub-Moho lithosphere), and that they are mineralogically and chemically representative of the upper mantle in the northwest Indian Ocean, the following conclusions may be drawn: (1) The upper mantle in this region consists principally of depleted lherzolite with pockets of harzburgite and dunite. (2) Unlike in ophiolites, lherzolite, rather than harzburgite, is the residue of partial melting beneath the Mid-Indian Ridge and forms the substratum to oceanic crust. This is in agreement with the eutectic-like behavior of primitive abyssal tholeiites at elevated pressures (7.5–10.5 kbar). (3) Based on the preservation and interpretation of relic pyroxine-spinel clusters, extensive melting of ascending mantle material must take place following garnet breakdown at about 100 km beneath the ridge. (4) The restriction of plagioclase to subsolidus assemblages is indicative of magma segregation at a depth greater than 20 km, the high-P stability limit of plagioclase.
Urinary excretion of caffeine and its metabolites in the mouse.

Abstract The excretion of radioactive metabolites in urine, feces, and expired air after the oral administration of 5 or 25 mg/kg of [ 3 H, 14 C]caffeine to male CD-1 mice was investigated. Of the total radioactivity, 64–90 per cent was recovered in the urine. The major identifiable urinary metabolites were 1,7-dimethylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, 1,3-dimethyluric acid and 1-methyluric acid. Of the administered' caffeine, 3–6 per cent was recovered from the urine. Excertion of identifiable metabolites occured rapidly and was 80 per cent complete in 8 hr following the 25 mg/kg dose. No consistent difference in urinary excretion of radioactivity was seen when mice fed caffeine since weaning were compared to those not previously exposed to caffeine, although the fecal excretory route was enhanced in the former.
Lipid composition of the egg exteriors of the chicken (Gallus gallus)

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of age and strain of the domestic fowl ( Gallus gallus ) on the lipid content and composition of the exterior structures of the egg were studied. 2. 2. The inner shell membrane contained the greatest amount of lipid material followed by the outer shell membrane and the shell with cuticle. 3. 3. The major portion of the total lipids was neutral lipid which was found to contain mono-, di- and triglycerides, as well as cholesterol, cholesterol esters and free fatty acids. 4. 4. The phospholipid portion of the total lipid contained lysolecithin, lecithin, cephalin, and sphingomyelin.
Coronary Angioplasty in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris and One-Vessel Disease

In this issue of Circulation , Strauss et al1 report important substudy results from the Veterans Affairs ACME study.2 The investigators of the ACME study compared the effects of coronary angioplasty (105 patients) with medical therapy (107 patients) in men who had stable angina pectoris, a positive exercise test, or a myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months who also had at least 70% to 99% stenosis of the proximal two thirds of one major epicardial coronary artery that was suitable for angioplasty. At 6 months of follow-up, all the patients had repeat exercise testing and coronary arteriography. The study of Strauss et al1 used data from self-administered questionnaires that were completed by the participants in ACME to evaluate the benefits of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) on the quality of life (QOL). Although some QOL data have been criticized for being relatively soft and nonobjective, it is reassuring that in the PTCA group in …
New method for predicting lifetime of seals from compression-stress relaxation experiments

Interpretation of compression stress-relaxation (CSR) experiments for elastomers in air is complicated by (1) the presence of both physical and chemical relaxation and (2) anomalous diffusion-limited oxidation (DLO) effects. For a butyl material, the authors first use shear relaxation data to indicate that physical relaxation effects are negligible during typical high temperature CSR experiments. They then show that experiments on standard CSR samples ({approximately}15 mm diameter when compressed) lead to complex non-Arrhenius behavior. By combining reaction kinetics based on the historic basic autoxidation scheme with a diffusion equation appropriate to disk-shaped samples, they derive a theoretical DLO model appropriate to CSR experiments. Using oxygen consumption and permeation rate measurements, the theory shows that important DLO effects are responsible for the observed non-Arrhenius behavior. To minimize DLO effects, they introduce a new CSR methodology based on the use of numerous small disk samples strained in parallel. Results from these parallel, minidisk experiments lead to Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy consistent with values commonly observed for elastomers, allowing more confident extrapolated predictions. In addition, excellent correlation is noted between the CSR force decay and the oxygen consumption rate, consistent with the expectation that oxidative scission processes dominate the CSR results.
Life satisfaction among European American, African American, Chinese American, Mexican American, and Dominican American adolescents

This study examined contextual and personality factors and their relation to perceived life satisfaction among adolescents in five sociocultural groups. Variations in the contribution of specific predictors were noted for the five groups, but no one factor accounted for a large amount of variance in any group. Among the most consistent predictors were marital status, self-efficacy beliefs, and adolescent health status. Somewhat surprisingly, neither the amount of family conflict, adolescent academic achievement, nor observed socioemotional support from parents was strongly correlated with life satisfaction. The effect of study variables on adolescent quality of life was dependent upon other variables in the analysis. For example, considerate behaviour on the part of the adolescent was suppressed by task-orientation.
A Tn4001 delivery system for Streptococcus gordonii (Challis).

Abstract The Staphylococcus aureus transposon Tn4001 was found to transpose in Streptococcus gordonii. Transposition sites appeared to be randomly distributed, and the element was stable in the absence of antibiotic selection. An increase in transposition frequency was noted when the delivery plasmid was propagated in a Dam- Dcm-Escherichia coli host strain. The utility of Tn4001 was demonstrated by the generation of lactose-negative mutants. Small size, clonal stability, random transposition, and known nucleotide sequence make Tn4001 a useful addition to the repertoire of tools available to the streptococcal geneticist.
Frequency-Dependent Mate Selection in the Guppy (Poeciliidae: Poecilia reticulata)

Heterogeneity within a population enhances its long-term survival. A fundamental method of maintaining population heterogeneity is the retention of rare or uncommon phenotypes by selective mating strategies. Employing two color morphs, red tuxedo and red, of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata, Poeciliidae), this study was designed to investigate whether P. reticulata females would preferentially seek out heterogeneous groupings of males exhibiting two color morphs. Adult female guppies were exposed simultaneously to two groups of males (n=10); one comprised of only the tuxedo color morph (n=5) and the other of both color morphs (n=5). For the latter group, the ratio of males exhibiting the two colorations was changed incrementally over multiple trials, beginning and ending with homogeneous groupings (5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4, 0:5). Experiments were conducted employing a 76 L aquarium partitioned at both ends to house the male groups. Individual females were placed into an acclimation, holding column located in the center compartment of the experimental aquarium. Subsequent to a five minute acclimation period in the holding column, each female was released. Courting behaviors and population affinities (i.e. female location rela tive to the male compartments) were recorded every five sec onds over a five minute observation period. Females did not show a preference for male groupings exhibiting either the 4:1 or 1:4 color ratios. However, females clearly showed affinity for the male groupings of 3:2 and 2:3 (p <0.05). This investigation on female mate choice in P. reticulata clearly reveals that a mating strategy is occurring in this species and that it is frequency-dependent.
A Boundary Condition for Simulation of Flow Over Porous Surfaces

A new boundary condition is presented for simulating the flow over passively porous surfaces. The model builds on the prior work of R. H. Bush to eliminate the need for constructing grid within an underlying plenum, thereby simplifying the numerical modeling of passively porous flow control systems and reducing computation cost. Code experts for two structured-grid flow solvers, TLNS3D and CFL3D, and one unstructured solver, USM3Dns, collaborated with an experimental porosity expert to develop the model and implement it into their respective codes. Results presented for the three odes on a slender forebody with circumferential porosity and a wing with leading-edge porosity demonstrate a good agreement with experimental data and a remarkable ability to predict the aggregate aerodynamic effects of surface porosity with a simple boundary condition
A lightweight protocol for interconnecting heterogeneous devices in dynamic environments

In the near future people will be able to move freely and still have seamless network and Internet connectivity. One implication of this new style of interaction is an increased diversity in the types of devices which will be used to maintain connectivity. While many of the Internet protocols have proven successful and long-lived in traditional networks: we believe they will be inappropriate for use in communicating among limited-capability devices. We introduce a new network layer protocol for intra-network communication in clouds containing devices with varying processing and communication capabilities. Our proposed protocol, called Pseudo-IP, is designed to operate among devices in the farthest branches/leaves of an intranet while providing inter-network connectivity with other clouds and with the existing IP-based Internet infrastructure. Pseudo-IP will accommodate a wide range of devices with varying power processing, and communication capabilities, while supporting a variety of applications.
Assessment and monitoring of recovery of spatial neglect within a Virtual Environment

Spatial neglect has proven to be a significant factor limiting the success of the rehabilitation process following stroke. Current tests for neglect however have several substantial drawbacks, which often lead to a misdiagnosis of less severe cases. Further, while asymmetries of performance have been reported in the past along independent spatial dimensions, current tests are mostly limited to the horizontal dimension and do not reflect the reality of a three-dimensional world. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of virtual reality tools for detailed assessments of attentional deficits [1]. We now provide further evidence for the sensitivity of our Virtual Environment for Spatial Neglect Assessment (VESNA) application for assessment of neglect as well as for monitoring recovery of patients. Seven stroke patients with neglect, nine stroke patients without neglect and nine age-matched healthy controls were tested on a target-detection task. Subjects were exposed to a three-dimensional virtual scene and were instructed to press a response button when they detected a target appearing within the scene. Percent of correct detection and reaction time to initiate a button press were calculated. Our results indicated significant differences between neglect patients and control subjects. All neglect patients exhibited asymmetries of performance, where their mean reaction time and detection accuracy systematically varied across space. This asymmetry was not a harsh transition but instead showed a gradual reduction of attention across the space. Importantly, while these results indicated an obvious spatial neglect for all seven neglect patients, their performance on the standard paper-and-pencil tests, administered at the day of testing, was less conclusive. A follow-up study with two of the neglect patients (10 months following the initial testing) revealed an obvious recovery pattern, showing a reduction of the spatial bias over time. By contrast, the paper-and-pencil tests showed no obvious change. Thus, we demonstrated that our paradigm provided a quantitative and more sensitive assessment and monitoring of recovery of neglect. This might provide clinicians with a more precise description of a patientpsilas deficit which will help direct training.
Design and fabrication of low-cost PUMA arrays

Measurements and simulations for various Planar Ultrawideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) arrays are presented. The arrays are based on tightly-coupled printed dipoles above a ground plane and are fully planar, where both the radiating aperture and feed lines are fabricated using low-cost multilayer PCB technology. The dipoles are fed with a novel feeding scheme that suppresses a catastrophic common-mode resonance, thus eliminating the use of feed organizers and external baluns. A product of this novel feeding is the modularity of the aperture (tiled assembly). A proof of concept 16×16×2 dual-polarized array prototype operating over 7-21.5GHz (3∶1 bandwidth) was fabricated and measured. The results are in very good agreement with simulations, exhibiting a broadside VSWR = 2.1 and low (−15dB) cross-polarization in the diagonal plane out to 45°. Additionally, an infinite 5∶1 PUMA design with broadside VSWR = 2.1, better than 2.9 VSWR at 45° in the H-plane, and cross-pol less than −15dB out to θ = 45° in the D-plane is presented.
Nonlinear control of an overhead crane via the saturating control approach of Teel

Presents a control strategy for the horizontal position control of a two degree-of-freedom overhead crane. The approach transforms the underactuated crane dynamics into a form similar to the well known ball-and-beam dynamics. A controller is then developed based on the work of Teel (1992, 1995) for the transformed dynamics using a saturation control design technique. The control approach is based on a crane model which includes the typically neglected, higher-order nonlinearities. The resulting controller provides for asymptotic positioning of the crane payload from a large set of initial conditions. Experimental trials demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller while a computer simulation is used to suggest the benefit of the proposed saturation controller over a standard linear controller.
Concept reintegration for youth focus group engagement and empowerment

Youths’ views on how community and social influences impact dating violence are virtually absent in research literature, in part because it is difficult to capture. When researchers ask youth what ...
Measuring vaccine efficacy from epidemics of acute infectious agents

A good measure of field vaccine efficacy should evaluate the direct protective effect of vaccination on the person who receives the vaccine. The conventional estimator for vaccine efficacy depends on population level factors that are either unrelated or indirectly related to the direct biological action of the vaccine on persons, including population structure, duration of the study, the fraction vaccinated, and herd immunity, that is, indirect effects. Indirect effects can cause the conventional vaccine efficacy estimator to be inaccurate. We review alternative vaccine efficacy estimators that control for indirect effects at the population level. Thus, they are more accurate than the conventional estimator. We use epidemic simulations to explore the robustness of the conventional and proposed estimators under different field conditions. In addition, we apply the different vaccine efficacy estimators to data from a measles epidemic in Muyinga, Burundi.
Fault tolerance in rearrangeable networks

Following a brief introduction to multistage interconnection networks in general and the Benes rearrangeable network in particular, the author presents techniques for achieving fault tolerance through appropriate manipulation of faulty networks without adding any hardware components. The author also shows how different types of faults at different locations can be tolerated with minimal performance degradation. Since a number of multistage blocking networks are topologically equivalent, the techniques described may be adapted to other rearrangeable network configurations, whether they are symmetrical or asymmetrical. Several examples are given to illustrate the techniques presented. >
Dopaminergic cells repolarization induced by calcium and Na+/K+ ATPase pumps

The firing pattern in dopaminergic (DA) neurons influences the extracellular concentration of dopamine in projection areas. A burst produces a greater phasic increase in dopamine concentration than a tonic one [1]. Burst firing of midbrain dopamine neurons is associated with behavioral motivation and reward mechanisms. At the same time, dopamine pathway, which is one of the oldest responsible for biological survival and present even in worms and flies, is profoundly altered by cocaine. In particular, limbic system, which controls emotional responses and links them with memories, has it most cocaine-sensitive site located in nucleus accumbens. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases among the aging and affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide [2]. There is no known cure for PD, and with an ageing population as the average life span increases due to a general improvement in health care, understanding the cause and progression of the neurodegenerative process is as challenging as it is necessary. In PD, neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta progressively degenerate and when about 50% of them are lost the amount of dopamine available for neurotransmission in the corpus striatum is lowered by 80% the external signs of the disease are apparent. PD is not simply due to dopamine deficit, but is rather a multisystem disorder. For example, norepinephrine may play a key role in compensating for DA neurons lose in the early stages of the disease [3]. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of tonic and burst firing in DA neurons may lead to a better understanding and possible solutions for a series of neurodegenerative diseases.
HOW TO POPULARIZE PARTICLE PHYSICS

This article reviews why efforts to popularize particle physics are so important, offers advice on maximizing the impact and minimizing the effort involved in your own outreach endeavors, and supplies examples of existing effective programs. Readers are urged to make the 2005 World Year of Physics a focus of their current efforts in education and public outreach.
Diglyceride kinase in human platelets

Human platelets contain diglyceride kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol by adenosine 5'-triphosphate to yield phosphatidic acid. The ma- jority of the platelet enzyme is particulate-bound, and mem- brane fractions of platelet homogenates have a higher specific activity than granule fractions. Both deoxycholate and mag- nesium are necessary for optimal enzyme activity. The K, of the enzyme for adenosine 5"triphosphate is 1.3 mM, and the apparent K, for diacylglycerol is 0.4 mM. The pH optimum is 6.6-6.8 in imidazole-HC1 or maleate-NaOH buffer. The en- zyme activity of platelets from normal subjects was similar to the activity from patients with renal and hepatic failure.
Thirteen Ways of Looking: Jennifer Egan's A Visit from the Goon Squad

Far from viewing the aesthetic crafted by earlier postmodernists as outmoded, Jennifer Egan joins them and augments their formal and ideational deconstructions of such vestigial metanarratives (of language, of history, of the unconscious) as continued to shelter in the shadow of that great rock, modernism. Because of her later situation in literary history, however, she can treat the moderns as ancestral figures—as much to be venerated as rebelled against. Like the author of To the Lighthouse or Mrs. Dalloway, she grapples with the strange imbrication of time and consciousness (the one striving endlessly to integrate the other). Like the Don DeLillo of Cosmopolis or The Body Artist, she perceives temporality and sentience as features of language. But chiefly she reframes the insights of Proust and Eliot at a century's remove; from the epistemic vantage of her second-generation postmodernism, she reconceptualizes their themes of time lost and problematically recaptured.
Review of Upper Paleozoic and Lower Mesozoic stratigraphy and depositional environments of central and west Mexico: Constraints on terrane analysis and paleogeography

Reconstructing the geological evolution of central and western Mexico during the end of the Paleozoic and the beginning of the Mesozoic is very diffi cult because of a lack of exposures. The few outcrops available, and indirect information obtained from geophysical and geochemical data suggests that Central and Western Mexico are made up of a mosaic of pre-Jurassic terranes, and that previously defi ned terranes are mostly composites of basements of different origins. Most of those terranes are allochthonous with respect to North America, but some developed not far from their present position. It has been suggested that the Coahuila and Sierra Madre terranes (Oaxaquia block), part of Gondwana during Early Paleozoic, collided with North America by Late Paleozoic time. However, their Mississippian faunas of North American affi nity suggest that the collision might have occurred earlier. The nature of the basement of the Central terrane is unknown, but it is inferred to be allochthonous because there is an accretionary prism at its NE boundary. The basement of the Parral and Tahue terranes is formed by a deformed volcano-sedimentary complex of Early Paleozoic age, whose origin and paleogeographic evolution remains unknown. The Caborca and Cortes terranes are formed by Proterozoic metamorphic complexes and an accreted eugeoclinal Paleozoic sedimentary wedge. The basement of the Zihuatanejo terrane is made up of Triassic ocean-fl oor continental-rise assemblages accreted in Early Jurassic time. An overview of new stratigraphic and geochronologic data indicates that a number of tectonic events occurred during Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic time. A continental arc with a paleo-Pacifi c, east-dipping subduction zone evolved from Carboniferous to Early Permian time in eastern Mexico (Oaxaquia), and it was in part contemporaneous to deformation in the Ouachita belt. This was followed by a period of volcanic quiescence during middle Permian. A more felsic arc, with a different distribution of the volcanic axis, developed along all the paleo-Pacifi c margin in the Permo-Triassic. Terranes in northwestern Mexico show a completely different geological evolution during the Carboniferous and Permian time. They were characterized by passive margin sedimentation and by folding and thrusting of eugeoclinal rocks in the Mississippian and Late Permian. By Late Triassic, a passive or rifting Centeno-Garcia, E., 2005, Review of Upper Paleozoic and Lower Mesozoic stratigraphy and depositional environments of central and west Mexico: Constraints on terrane analysis and paleogeography, in Anderson, T.H., Nourse, J.A., McKee, J.W., and Steiner, M.B., eds., The Mojave-Sonora megashear hypothesis: Development, assessment, and alternatives: Geological Society of America Special Paper 393, p. 233–258. doi: 10.1130/2005.2393(08). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. ©2005 Geological Society of America. 234 E. Centeno-Garcia spe393-08 3rd pages
International Finance: A Course Overview Note

This overview note describes the International Finance course at Harvard Business School. The note begins by arguing that the forces of globalization have fundamentally changed the scope and activities of firms thereby altering the practice of finance within these firms. As a consequence of an increasing reliance on tightly-integrated foreign operations, a parallel world of finance has been opened within every multinational firm and this world has been overlooked. The course materials are designed to address the many aspects of financial decision making within global firms prompted by these changes that are not addressed in traditional materials. The second section of the note briefly explains the overall structure of the course. The seven course modules are introduced with a brief discussion of the larger issues considered within each module and the rationale for the structure of the course. The three modules that constitute the core of the course are discussed in greater detail in this section. The third section of the note outlines an analytical framework that has been developed through the creation of the course materials to guide critical financial decisions on financing, investment, risk management and incentive management within a multinational firm. This framework emphasizes the need to reconcile conflicting forces in order for multinational firms to gain competitive advantage from their internal capital markets. The note concludes with a discussion of the course's pedagogical approach and detailed descriptions of all the course materials, including 19 case studies, corresponding teaching notes, several module notes and supplementary materials.
Morphology and pore size distribution of electrospun and centrifugal forcespun nylon 6 nanofiber membranes

The porosity and high surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanofiber membranes offer potential for diverse applications, including high-efficiency filters and barrier fabrics for use in protective textiles. The objective of this research is to examine the morphology and pore size distribution of nanofiber membranes prepared using two spinning methods, that is, electrospinning and forcespinning. The results indicate that fiber diameter is impacted by spinning solution viscosity in an analogous way for both spinning methods. Higher concentrations resulted in larger fiber diameters in both electrospun and forcespun membranes. Fiber diameter and membrane areal density were found to significantly impact membrane pore size distribution. A theoretical model was used to describe pore size variation and was found to agree with the empirical patterns in the case of electrospun membranes.
Students' Initial Course Motivation and Their Achievement and Retention in College CS1 Courses

The goal of this study was to investigate how students' entering motivation for the course in a suite of CS1 introductory computer science courses was associated with their subsequent course achievement and retention. Courses were tailored for specific student populations (CS majors, engineering majors, business-CS combined honors program). Students' goal orientations (learning, performance, task), perceived instrumentality (endogenous, exogenous), career connectedness, self-efficacy, and mindsets (growth or fixed) were assessed at the start of the course. Grades were significantly predicted from entering motivation; but prediction was highly variable across courses, ranging from not predicted for the engineering courses to highly predictable for the business-CS honors program. Course withdrawal was significantly predicted. Likelihood of withdrawing was decreased by future time career connectedness and learning approach goal orientation and increased by having an incremental theory of intelligence. Findings suggest that CS1 students who set learning approach goals for their classes have better academic outcomes and higher retention. Other motivational beliefs were inconsistent in their impacts and varied by course and student population. Except for students in an honors program, entering motivational beliefs weakly predicted achievement and retention, suggesting that impacts of the course itself on motivation and how motivation changes during the course are perhaps more important than student's initial motivation.
Concerns and Structural Barriers Associated with WIC Participation among WIC-Eligible Women

Objectives To examine sociodemographic status, psychosocial concerns, and structural barriers associated with women's participation in the USDA's Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program among those eligible for the program. Design and Sample A total of 1,634 White, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) women from the New York City area completed the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from 2004 to 2007, a population-based survey. Measures Data on WIC eligibility and participation, sociodemographic details, unintended pregnancy, social support, and structural barriers were evaluated. Results Hispanics and Blacks were 4.1 and 2.4 times more likely to participate, respectively, in the WIC program relative to Whites. Mothers reporting unplanned pregnancies, fewer social supports, and more structural barriers (e.g., transportation) were less likely to participate in WIC. Race-stratified analyses revealed race/ethnic differences in the pattern of barriers; unintended pregnancy and structural problems were barriers associated with WIC participation particularly for A/PI. Conclusions WIC-eligible women with unintended pregnancies and fewer social supports tend to participate in WIC, but those who experience more structural barriers are less likely to participate. A/PI women may face specific challenges to WIC participation. Careful attention is needed to understand the unique attitudes and behaviors in the process of participating in WIC.
Period-3 Motions and Bifurcation in a Softenning Duffing Oscillator

In this paper, analytical solutions for period-3 motions in the periodically forced softening Duffing oscillator are developed by the harmonic balance method. From the Hopf bifurcation of period-3 motions, period-6 motions can be analytically determined. Numerical simulations for stable period-3 motions are completed and the corresponding harmonic amplitude spectrums are presented.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A convenient test animal for the detection of the leukocytosis-promoting factor of exudates.

ConclusionsAn exudate obtained from a dog, which contains the leukocytosis-promot-ing factor, induces a leukocytosis when injected into the peritoneal cavity of a guinea pig. Similar results are obtained with the recovered leukocytosis-promoting factor of exudates injected either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. The effect is quite specific. It fails to occur when other types of soluble materials are utilized. Consequently, the guinea pig presents itself as a suitable test animal for detecting the presence of the leukocytosis-promoting factor in inflammatory exudates, particularly if the material is injected into the subcutaneous tissue.Finally, as pointed out frequently in the past, these studies may have clinical application, for it is well known that the prognosis of an infectious process is to a large extent referable to the number of circulating leukocytes. For this reason studies have been initiated to determine the effectiveness of the leukocytosis-promoting factor on man. These studies are now...
Hypoxia-inducible factors as molecular targets for liver diseases

Liver disease is a growing global health problem, as deaths from end-stage liver cirrhosis and cancer are rising across the world. At present, pharmacologic approaches to effectively treat or prevent liver disease are extremely limited. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that regulates diverse signaling pathways enabling adaptive cellular responses to perturbations of the tissue microenvironment. HIF activation through hypoxia-dependent and hypoxia-independent signals have been reported in liver disease of diverse etiologies, from ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute liver injury to chronic liver diseases caused by viral infection, excessive alcohol consumption, or metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the evidence for HIF stabilization in liver disease, discusses the mechanistic involvement of HIFs in disease development, and explores the potential of pharmacological HIF modifiers in the treatment of liver disease.
Design Research of Temperature Collection Controller Based on AT89C2051

Control system is made up of central control system,terminal control equipment and sensors will be designed to collect and control the temperature of indoor real time.the basic theory of controlling temperature by using AT89C2051 Microcontroller is turn true.
Extended Surgery for Advanced Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma

Maxillary sinus carcinoma is a relatively uncommon head and neck tumor. It makes up 3% of head and neck malignancies. The commonest histology is squamous cell carcinoma, although adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell tumor, and adenocarcinoma are not uncommon. These are primarily epithelial neoplasms arising in the mucosal lining of the sinus. Primary tumors of bone such as osteogenic sarcoma, ameloblastoma, and chondrosarcoma arise in the skeletal elements of the sinus. Consideration must also be given to those malignancies that arise from adjacent tissue and invade the maxilla and the maxillary sinus by direct extension. Examples of these are aggressive and neurotropic skin tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma, which may invade the maxilla by extending along the vascular and neural foramina of the orbit and maxillary face. Direct extension of oral cavity tumors, such as carcinoma of the alveolar ridge, and nasal cavity tumors, such as esthesioneuroblastoma, and inferior extension of ethmoidal malignancies further exemplify spread from contiguous sites.
Woman With Edema, Vomiting, and Diarrhea

A 22-year-old woman has had chronic nausea, emesis with green vomitus, and diarrhea for the past 10 months. The diarrhea is frequent (about 3 to 8 times daily) and does not resolve with starvation.
BMET as a career

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1 describe the role of a BMET 2 list and describe potential employers of a BMET 3 characterize field service representatives 4 list and describe the many job functions of a BMET 5 list and characterize the certification requirements 6 list and describe related professional societies and journals What is the name of this career? There are many definitions for what the letters BMET stand for – biomedical equipment technician, biomedical electronics technology, medical maintenance, biomedical engineering technologist, biomedical engineer, medical engineer, medical equipment repair technician, and many more. In general, it is the title for someone who works in the clinical setting and supports the equipment involved in patient care. At different hospitals, staff may have a wide variety of titles. Staff may be called the “biomeds,” “clinical engineers,” or the “equipment guys.” In some hospitals, BMETs may be responsible for everything from printers to computers to DVD players in the rooms of patients. In some hospitals, BMETs work for the maintenance departments and wear janitor's jumpsuits. Other hospitals hire a wide range of technical staff who wear lab coats, monogrammed polo shirts, or dress shirts. Because there is so little uniformity, it can be difficult for the career field to get the recognition it deserves. Some basic facts are true for most BMETs. What do BMETs do? Most BMETs perform several main categories of job function. In general, BMETs are responsible for the support of the technology used in health care.
Comparison of CFD Simulations with Experimental Measurements of Nozzle Clogging in Continuous Casting of Steels

Measurements of clog deposit thickness on the interior surfaces of a commercial continuous casting nozzle are compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of melt flow patterns and particle–wall interactions to identify the mechanisms of nozzle clogging. A submerged entry nozzle received from industry was encased in epoxy and carefully sectioned to allow measurement of the deposit thickness on the internal surfaces of the nozzle. CFD simulations of melt flow patterns and particle behavior inside the nozzle were performed by combining the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach and detached eddy simulation turbulent model, matching the geometry and operating conditions of the industrial test. The CFD results indicated that convergent areas of the interior cross section of the nozzle increased the velocity and turbulence of the flowing steel inside the nozzle and decreased the clog deposit thickness locally in these areas. CFD simulations also predicted a higher rate of attachment of particles in the divergent area between two convergent sections of the nozzle, which matched the observations made in the industrial nozzle measurements.
Age-related decline in female fertility is not due to diminished capacity of the uterus to sustain embryo implantation*

Objective To evaluate the contribution of the uterus to age-related reproductive failure in women. Patients Thirty-eight ovum donors (30.2 ± 4.9 years [mean ± SD]) donating oocytes throughout 102 ovum donations. Fifty-one cycles were documented in “younger” recipients (35.8 ± 3.1 years) and 51 in “older” recipients (44.0 ± 3.1 years). The study was prospectively designed; same-cohort oocytes obtained from one young donor during a specific cycle were evenly distributed between “young” and “old” ovum recipients. Use of oocytes from a single source and a unique ovulatory cohort provides strict control over oocyte quality. Uterine age is varied by design, according to the age of the recipient at the time of ET. The role of the aging uterus in the decline of female fertility can be thus isolated and scrutinized. Results No significant (NS) difference in the number of ova received (7.9 ± 3.4 versus 7.0 ± 3.5), ova fertilized (4.4 ± 1.5 versus 4.5 ± 2.3), or embryos transferred (4.1 ± 1.5 versus 4.1 ± 1.6) was observed between the Conclusion The capacity to conceive and to gestate a conception to term when oocyte quality is controlled appears to be independent of uterine aging through the fifth decade of life.
Optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser at 374.9 nm with an electrically conducting n-type distributed Bragg reflector

An optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with an electrically conducting n-type distributed Bragg reflector was achieved at 374.9 nm. An epitaxially grown 40-pair n-type AlGaN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector was used as the bottom mirror, while the top mirror was formed by a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector composed of seven pairs of HfO2/SiO2. A numerical simulation for the optical mode clearly demonstrated that a high confinement factor was achieved and the threshold pumping power density at room temperature was measured as 1.64 MW/cm2. The achieved optically pumped laser demonstrates the potential of utilizing an n-type distributed Bragg reflector for surface-emitting optical devices.
Estimating age-specific reproductive numbers-A comparison of methods.

Large outbreaks, such as those caused by influenza, put a strain on resources necessary for their control. In particular, children have been shown to play a key role in influenza transmission during recent outbreaks, and targeted interventions, such as school closures, could positively impact the course of emerging epidemics. As an outbreak is unfolding, it is important to be able to estimate reproductive numbers that incorporate this heterogeneity and to use surveillance data that is routinely collected to more effectively target interventions and obtain an accurate understanding of transmission dynamics. There are a growing number of methods that estimate age-group specific reproductive numbers with limited data that build on methods assuming a homogenously mixing population. In this article, we introduce a new approach that is flexible and improves on many aspects of existing methods. We apply this method to influenza data from two outbreaks, the 2009 H1N1 outbreaks in South Africa and Japan, to estima...
Steady-state and large-signal design of current-programmed DC-to-DC converters

A new method for steady state design of current-programmed-mode (CPM) DC/DC converters is presented. The method uses a set of equations derived based on the relationships between line voltage, load current, control current and the stabilizing artificial ramp. The set of normalized equations are verified by a fast large-signal simulation and experimental measurement. These equations are plotted on the converter DC output plane (a graph of output current versus output voltage) in which characteristic curves related to different artificial ramps and boundaries of different operating modes are indicated. A general design procedure is presented for a CPM converter with both input voltage and output resistive load varied. By this means, the design time can be significantly reduced and systematic design trade-offs can be made to ensure correct converter operation over the desired range of line and load variation. >
Disparities in receipt of recommended care among younger versus older medicare beneficiaries: a cohort study

Abstract Background Although health disparities have been documented between Medicare beneficiaries based on age ( Methods We conducted a cohort study of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey between 2001 and 2008 ( N = 30,117). Age group characteristics were compared using cross-sectional data at baseline. During follow-up, we assessed the association between age and receipt of recommended care on 38 recommended care indicators, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Follow-up periods differed by component indicator. Results At baseline, a higher proportion of younger beneficiaries experienced social disadvantage, disability and certain morbidities than older age groups. During follow-up, younger beneficiaries were significantly less likely to receive overall recommended care compared to those 65–74 years of age (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.75, 0.70–0.80). In addition, male gender, non-Hispanic black race, less than high school education, living alone, with children or with others, psychiatric disorders and higher activity limitation stages were all associated with underuse of recommended care. Conclusions Younger Medicare beneficiary status appears to be an independent risk factor for underuse of appropriate care. Support to ameliorate disparities in different social and health aspects may be warranted.
Deep mining heterogeneous networks of biomedical linked data to predict novel drug-target associations.

Motivation A heterogeneous network topology possessing abundant interactions between biomedical entities has yet to be utilized in similarity-based methods for predicting drug-target associations based on the array of varying features of drugs and their targets. Deep learning reveals features of vertices of a large network that can be adapted in accommodating the similarity-based solutions to provide a flexible method of drug-target prediction. Results We propose a similarity-based drug-target prediction method that enhances existing association discovery methods by using a topology-based similarity measure. DeepWalk, a deep learning method, is adopted in this study to calculate the similarities within Linked Tripartite Network (LTN), a heterogeneous network generated from biomedical linked datasets. This proposed method shows promising results for drug-target association prediction: 98.96% AUC ROC score with a 10-fold cross-validation and 99.25% AUC ROC score with a Monte Carlo cross-validation with LTN. By utilizing DeepWalk, we demonstrate that: (i) this method outperforms other existing topology-based similarity computation methods, (ii) the performance is better for tripartite than with bipartite networks and (iii) the measure of similarity using network topology outperforms the ones derived from chemical structure (drugs) or genomic sequence (targets). Our proposed methodology proves to be capable of providing a promising solution for drug-target prediction based on topological similarity with a heterogeneous network, and may be readily re-purposed and adapted in the existing of similarity-based methodologies. Availability and implementation The proposed method has been developed in JAVA and it is available, along with the data at the following URL: https://github.com/zongnansu1982/drug-target-prediction . Contact nazong@ucsd.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A comparative effectiveness study of eSource used for data capture for a clinical research registry.

Objective This pilot study compared eSource-enabled versus traditional manual data transcription (non-eSource methods) for the collection of clinical registry information. The primary study objective was to compare the time spent completing registry forms using eSource versus non-eSource methods The secondary objectives were to compare data quality associated with these two data capture methods and the flexibility of the workflows. This study directly addressed fundamental questions relating to eSource adoption: what time-savings can be realized, and to what extent does eSource improve data quality.