cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Highlighting nuclear membrane staining in thyroid neoplasms with emerin: Review and diagnostic utility

Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) with emerin, an integral inner nuclear membrane protein, highlights nuclear membrane details in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We evaluated emerin for highlighting nuclear shape, grooves, inclusions, circumferential nuclear membrane irregularities (“garlands”), deep “stellate” membrane invaginations, and crescents in 34 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cell blocks, PTC (n = 24) and follicular neoplasms (FN) (n = 10). Tissue microarrays were also examined for 182 cases, PTC (n = 95) and non-PTC (n = 87). Emerin IHC of PTC revealed a predominantly oval nuclear shape in the majority of cases, with FN demonstrating round nuclei and FV of PTC showing a roughly equal distribution of round and oval shapes. In addition to oval nuclear shape, the presence of emerin-positive nuclear grooves, circumferential emerin nuclear “garlands,” nuclear crescent shapes, and chromatin clearing on cell block H&E staining were significant predictors of PTC by regression analysis. Emerin IHC of thyroid FNA and surgical specimens serves as a useful adjunct to conventional H&E staining in the diagnosis of PTC and its distinction from FN by delineating diagnostic nuclear membrane irregularities (“garlands” and crescents), nuclear grooves, and a characteristic oval nuclear shape. In diagnostically challenging cases with limited cellularity, emerin staining can help to provide a more definitive diagnosis of PTC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ego depletion by response exaggeration

Suppressing or inhibiting responses has a host of negative effects, including a temporary reduction in self-regulatory strength (ego depletion). Less attention has been given to response exaggeration, which should also deplete regulatory strength and therefore disrupt subsequent self-control. We tested the depletion hypothesis by having participants perform tests of cognitive fluency after exaggerating responses (or not) to a disgusting film clip. Response exaggeration produced increased emotional expression but did not increase subjective emotional experience. Moreover, exaggerating disgust reactions impaired subsequent performance on tests of cognitive fluency. The cognitive aftereffects of exaggeration were not attributable to emotional experience or to changes in sympathetic or parasympathetic arousal (as indicated by skin conductance and heart rate variability high frequency power, respectively). Poorer cognitive fluency after response exaggeration indicates a detrimental effect of purposeful self-regulation.
Influence of in situ neural isolation of jejunoileum on postprandial pancreatobiliary secretion and gastric emptying

Our aims were to examine the influence of neural isolation of the jejunoileum on opstprandial pancreatobiliary secretion. In four dogs, duodenal perfusion and aspiration catheters were implanted, and serosal electrodes were placed along the proximal small bowel. Control studies of gastric emptying output of bile acids and amylase, and plasma concentrations of peptide YY and neurotensin were performed on three occasions following ingestion of a 340-kcal mixed-nutrient liquid meal. The dogs then underwent our model ofin situ jejunoileal neural isolation, and the meal studies were repeated. Neural isolation, when compared to control, did not affect either postprandial conversion of intestinal myoelectric activity to the “fed” pattern, gastric emptying (T1/2,X±se of the liquid meal (74±6 vs 79±7 min;P>0.05), or cumulative amylase output (373±59 vs 305±66 kU;P>0.05). Neural isolation decreased cumulative postprandial bile acid output from 6.6±0.9 mM to 3.4±1.1 mM (P<0.05) and increased postprandial plasma concentrations of peptide YY and neurotensin. Our findings suggest that the jejunoileal denervation that accompanies thein situ neural isolation of the jejunoileum is not associated with changes in postprandial motility patterns, gastric emptying, or pancreatic amylase secretion. Loss of this innervation, however, may decrease postprandial output of bile acids and lead to a compensatory increase in the postprandial release of neurotensin and peptide YY.
Baseline Running on a Straight Platform by Squirrel Monkeys

An improved task of locomotor balance for use by squirrel monkeys, employing a shuttle-avoidance paradigm, consisted of a straight alley runway with pressure sensors on the floor to detect footsteps. Training and pre-experimental baseline performance for animals used later in vestibular end organ deafferentation experiments, etc. were described. Subjects learned the task within a few days (Mdn = 5.81 days to first criterion session) as indicated by the skewed distribution of trial sessions to criterion. This test is an improvement over a perviously described measure of locomotor balance in that it eliminates the requirement of physical fitness inherent in the other task.
Spirituality and the Vitality of Academic Life

Recent attention to developing student spirituality is welcome. Facilitating self-understandings that focus on the students’ own ultimate values, integration, and transformation is an important part of traditional higher education—though one that has been overshadowed in recent years by increasing vocational emphases. But by focusing so exclusively on student spirituality might we be overlooking the more fundamental roles of faculty and institutional spirituality? Too often we academics misconstrue the nature of the autonomy that we seek for ourselves, and that by our behavior we model for our students. We elevate autonomy as a spiritual value and consider it as intellectual self-sufficiency in an academic context where we all too often judge individual self-promotion and self-protection to be central. The spiritual expense is significant. Our work is fragmented—our institutions often focus on snatching enrollments, financing, and prestige from competing colleges and universities. Faculty and administrato...
Early phase II Gynecologic Oncology Group experience with ifosfamide/mesna in gynecologic malignancies.

Starting in July 1985, the Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted a series of phase II trials with ifosfamide/mesna in advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancies. Previously untreated patients received 1.5 g/m2 i.v. ifosfamide daily for 5 days. Mesna was given i.v. q4h×3 following ifosfamide; each dose was 20% of the daily ifosfamide dose. All patients with ovarian and 87% of those with cervical cancer had previously undergone platinum-based therapy. Because of the toxicity encountered in previously treated patients with ovarian carcinoma, the dose of ifosfamide was reduced to 1.2 g/m2 daily in all patients who had received prior chemo- or radiotherapy. In epithelial ovarian carcinoma, responses were observed in 8 (20.0%) of 41 evaluable patiens, with 3 (7.0%) complete responses. Response duration was 2.1–20.3+ months, with a median of 6.9+ months. In squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix, 3 (11.1%) of 27 evaluable patients showed partial responses of 1.8, 2.2, and 3.1 months' duration. Of 26 untreated patients with mixed mesodermal tumors of the uterus, 5 (19.2%) achieved complete and 3 (11.5%) showed partial responses, for an overall response rate of 30.7%. Response duration was 1.4+-8.6 months, with a median of 3.8 months. Toxicity included two deaths due to renal insufficiency and a third related to neurologic impairment. Hematologic toxicity was manageable. Ifosfamide/mesna has activity in a wide range of gynecologic malignancies.
Risk-limiting dispatch for integrating renewable power

Abstract Risk-limiting dispatch or RLD is formulated as the optimal solution to a multi-stage, stochastic decision problem. At each stage, the system operator (SO) purchases forward energy and reserve capacity over a block or interval of time. The blocks get shorter as operations approach real time. Each decision is based on the most recent available information, including demand, renewable power, weather forecasts. The accumulated energy blocks must at each time t match the net demand D(t) = L(t) − W(t). The load L and renewable power W are both random processes. The expected cost of a dispatch is the sum of the costs of the energy and reserve capacity and the penalty or risk from mismatch between net demand and energy supply. The paper derives computable ‘closed-form’ formulas for RLD. Numerical examples demonstrate that the minimum expected cost can be substantially reduced by recognizing that risk from current decisions can be mitigated by future decisions; by additional intra-day energy and reserve capacity markets; and by better forecasts. These reductions are quantified and can be used to explore changes in the SO’s decision structure, forecasting technology, and renewable penetration.
Construction of a multilayered X-ray telescope for solar coronal studies from space

The construction and testing of soft x-ray Ritchey-Chretien aplanatic telescope which is to be flown on a NASA sounding rocket in 1986 for very high resolution studies of the solar corona are discussed. Goals include figuring, polishing and measuring the mirror surfaces to tolerances exceding the 5000 A wavelength diffraction limit while achieving a superpolished surface finish, and the development of a structural design to withstand the rigors of the launch. Multilayer coatings are used to achieve usable reflectivity in the soft X-ray regime, and the design goal is for spatial resolution of 1/4 sec. Future applications are discussed.
Sensory system neural activity during habituation of the pupillary orienting reflex.

The possible role of sensory system evoked activity in the habituation of the orienting reflex was examined by recording simultaneously multiple unit activity and pupillary responses to repeated tactile and acoustic stimulation. Cats bearing electrodes chronically implanted in the somatosensory and auditory systems were tested during neuromuscular paralysis in order to ensure constancy of stimulus intensity at the receptors and permit precise monitoring of pupillary size. Tactile and acoustic stimulation produced evoked responses in both of these sensory systems. Both tactile stimulation (1/3 sec) and acoustic stimulation (1/min) resulted in habituation of the pupillary dilation component of the orienting reflex which was accompanied by decrements in somatosensory and auditory system evoked activity. The cochlear nucleus was unresponsive to tactile stimulation, and did not exhibit response decrements during acoustic stimulation. Background activity increased in the auditory cortex during tactile habituation, and in the somatic cortex during auditory habituation. The results indicate that systematic decrements in sensory evoked multiple unit activity could be of functional significance to the habituation of the orienting reflex and that specific effects upon sensory cortex do develop during behavioral habituation.
A Mitogenomic Re-Evaluation of the Bdelloid Phylogeny and Relationships among the Syndermata

Molecular and morphological data regarding the relationships among the three classes of Rotifera (Bdelloidea, Seisonidea, and Monogononta) and the phylum Acanthocephala are inconclusive. In particular, Bdelloidea lacks molecular-based phylogenetic appraisal. I obtained coding sequences from the mitochondrial genomes of twelve bdelloids and two monogononts to explore the molecular phylogeny of Bdelloidea and provide insight into the relationships among lineages of Syndermata (Rotifera + Acanthocephala). With additional sequences taken from previously published mitochondrial genomes, the total dataset included nine species of bdelloids, three species of monogononts, and two species of acanthocephalans. A supermatrix of these 10–12 mitochondrial proteins consistently recovered a bdelloid phylogeny that questions the validity of a generally accepted classification scheme despite different methods of inference and various parameter adjustments. Specifically, results showed that neither the family Philodinidae nor the order Philodinida are monophyletic as currently defined. The application of a similar analytical strategy to assess syndermate relationships recovered either a tree with Bdelloidea and Monogononta as sister taxa (Eurotatoria) or Bdelloidea and Acanthocephala as sister taxa (Lemniscea). Both outgroup choice and method of inference affected the topological outcome emphasizing the need for sequences from more closely related outgroups and more sophisticated methods of analysis that can account for the complexity of the data.
Numerical Simulation of the LSWI Effect on Hydrocarbon Recovery From Carbonate Rocks

Wettability alteration mechanism is still believed to be the main contributor to low salinity water injection (LSWI) effect on oil recovery from carbonate rocks. The authors investigated the main mechanism and contributor to the LSWI effect on oil recovery from carbonate rocks through history matching recently published corefloods using the UTCHEM simulator. The history match results suggest that wettability alteration has negligible effect on water relative permeability, which could be related to the double electric layer expansion mechanism. This paper provides a basis to develop a LSWI model to predict oil recovery from carbonate rocks.
An ensemble active learning approach for spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral images

Augmenting spectral features with spatial features for hyperspectral image classification has recently gained significant attention, as classification accuracy can often be improved by extracting spatial features from neighboring pixels. However, the resulting high dimensional input data, which are often difficult and expensive to obtain, require large quantities of labeled data to train a robust supervised classifier. To alleviate the “curse of dimensionality”, we propose an ensemble based active learning approach that incorporates spatial features for each feature subset (view) independently. Specifically, in each view, the spatial features are extracted from an optimum segmentation selected from the hierarchical segmentation (HSeg). The proposed approach is applied to a benchmark hyperspectral data set, and the experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method compared to other state-of-the-art active learning classification methods.
Unique isospin-zero phase-shift solution for nucleon-nucleon scattering near 325 MeV

Abstract The recent measurement of D t in np scattering at 325 MeV by the BASQUE group permits a unique I = 0 phase shift solution to be determined, provided that the triplet G-wave phase shifts are constrained by theory.
Activation of Endothelial Cell Protease Activated Receptor 1 by the Protein C Pathway

The coagulant and inflammatory exacerbation in sepsis is counterbalanced by the protective protein C (PC) pathway. Activated PC (APC) was shown to use the endothelial cell PC receptor (EPCR) as a coreceptor for cleavage of protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) on endothelial cells. Gene profiling demonstrated that PAR1 signaling could account for all APC-induced protective genes, including the immunomodulatory monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which was selectively induced by activation of PAR1, but not PAR2. Thus, the prototypical thrombin receptor is the target for EPCR-dependent APC signaling, suggesting a role for this receptor cascade in protection from sepsis.
Social and economic changes affecting dental practice

The demand for dental care in the United States is growing because of increases in population, life expectancy and family income, and because of improved dental health education programs and the development of various plans for the purchase of dental care. The capacity of private dental practice to meet the demand for dental care can be raised by increasing (1) the number of practicing dentists and (2) the efficiency of the dental office and the dentist.
Sensitive detection of nicotine after its novel perfluoroacylation and analysis using capillary gas chromatography-electron-capture detection

Abstract The on-column chromatographic detection of nicotine at low picogram levels is described. Nicotine is first subjected to chemical derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride in the presence of pyridine. In the absence of pyridine, the derivatization reaction is markedly retarded. This high-yield reaction results in the opening of the N-methylpyrrolidine ring of nicotine with concomitant formation of a highly electrophilic N,O-diheptafluorobutyryl derivative. After extraction of the nicotine derivative into isooctane, it is subjected to splitless capillary gas chromatographic analysis using a 63 Ni electron-capture detector and a moderately polar fused-silica capillary column. The nicotine derivative can be detected on-column at levels below 5 pg.
The Management of Sport-Related Concussion: Considerations for Male and Female Athletes

Sport-related concussion continues to be a centerpiece of attention in the field of sports medicine. The benefit to using neurocognitive testing when managing concussion will be documented in this review. In addition to providing critical objective information on the neurocognitive status of the concussed athlete, research data will be provided on the pre- and post-concussion neurocognitive profiles of concussed male and female athletes. Specifically, an overview of research will be presented on the epidemiology of male and female concussion rates, as well as concussion outcomes including symptoms and cognitive function post-injury. Finally, a clinician's perspective on managing sports-related concussion will be presented focusing on three factors regarding sex differences: risk factors, clinical presentation, and management.
The relationship between extracurricular activities and delinquency of adolescents in foster care

Abstract This study examined the relationships between involvement in extracurricular activities and delinquency for adolescents in foster care. Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, a subsample of adolescents (n = 117) in long-term foster care was the focus of this study. Contrary to the hypotheses, results indicated that greater involvement in extracurricular activities was associated with higher levels of delinquency. Further analyses revealed that the type of placement and closeness with caregiver predicted delinquency above and beyond the frequency of participation in extracurricular activities. Implications are discussed.
On level-1 cache locking for high-performance low-power real-time multicore systems

Abstract Multiple caches in multicore architecture increase power consumption and timing unpredictability. Although cache locking in single-core systems shows improvement for large multithreaded applications, there is no such effective strategy for multicore systems. In this work, we propose three level-1 cache locking strategies for multicore systems – static, random, and dynamic. In the random strategy, blocks are randomly selected for locking. The static and dynamic schemes are based on the analysis of applications’ worst case execution time (WCET). The static scheme does not allow unlocking blocks during runtime, but the dynamic scheme does. Using VisualSim and Heptane tools, we simulate a system with four cores and two levels of caches. According to the simulation results, the dynamic cache locking strategy outperforms the static and random strategies by up to 35% in mean delay per task and up to 22% in total power consumption for the workloads used (e.g., MPEG3 and MPEG4).
Protein‐binding polyhedral boranes II: DL‐S‐(10‐dimethylsulfidooctahydrodecaborane) methionine

Abstract An analog of methionine, DL‐ S ‐(10‐dimethylsulfi‐dooctahydrodecaborane)methionine, was synthesized from fully protected homoserine. A protected dipeptide with glycine is described.
State vocational services and employment in cancer survivors.

This study investigated the association of state vocational rehabilitation services in the USA and work outcomes of cancer survivors who were unemployed prior to receipt of services. Administrative data obtained during fiscal year 2005 from the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) database consisting of 1,201 closed cases with the diagnosis of cancer formed the sample of this study. All cancer survivors were unemployed at the time of application. Data on demographic characteristics, employment and vocational service variables were extracted and analyzed in relation to employment outcome data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship among services provided and work outcomes accounting for demographic characteristics of the participants. Cancer survivors represented 0.4% of the total population that received vocational services in the state-federal vocational rehabilitation program. Of the unemployed cancer survivors who received services, 903 (57%) achieved successful employment while 670 (43%) were not employed following receipt of services. Gender (women; OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61–0.97), lower educational levels (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33–0.81), provision of cash or medical benefits (e.g., Social Security Disability Insurance benefits; OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.50–0.82) were all associated with a greater likelihood of being unemployed at the end of vocational services. Counseling (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02–1.73), miscellaneous training (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.06–2.44), rehabilitation technology services (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.72–2.08), job placement services (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.72–3.27), job search assistance (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.02–2.01) maintenance services (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.29–2.86), and other services (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.07–1.90) were found to be significantly associated with increased odds for employment. Vocational rehabilitation services were found to be associated with employment status. Future studies investigating the specific effects of certain vocational services for unemployed cancer survivors who qualify for these services are warranted. Cancer survivors who are seeking employment or experiencing problems maintaining employment who can qualify should be encouraged to pursue services from state vocational rehabilitation agencies. Medical providers should also become familiar with services offered by state vocational rehabilitation agencies and consider the use of these services..
Epidermal growth factor and thyrotropin-releasing hormone act similarly on a clonal pituitary cell strain. Modulation of hormone production and inhibition of cell proliferation

GH(4)C(1) cells are a clonal strain of rat pituitary cells that synthesize and secrete prolactin and growth hormone. Chronic treatment (longer than 24 h) of GH(4)C(1) cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10(-8) M) decreased by 30-40 percent both the rate of cell proliferation and the plateau density reached by cultures. Inhibition of cell proliferation was accompanied by a change in cellular morphology from a spherical appearance to an elongated flattened shape and by a 40-60 percent increase in cell volume. These actions of EGF were qualitatively similar to those of the hypothalamic tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (10(-7) M) which decreased the rate of cell proliferation by 10-20 percent and caused a 15 percent increase in cell volume. The presence of supramaximal concentrations of both EGF (10(-8)M) and TRH (10(-7)M) resulted in greater effects on cell volume and cell multiplication than either peptide alone. EGF also altered hormone production by GH(4)C(1) cells in the same manner as TRH. Treatment of cultures with 10(-8) M EGF for 2-6 d increased prolactin synthesis five- to ninefold compared to a two- to threefold stimulation by 10(-7) M TRH. Growth hormone production by the same cultures was inhibited 40 percent by EGF and 15 percent by TRH. The half- maximal effect of EGF to increase prolactin synthesis, decrease growth hormone production, and inhibit cell proliferation occurred at a concentration of 5 x 10 (-11) M. Insulin and multiplication stimulating activity, two other growth factors tested, did not alter cell proliferation, cell morphology, or hormone production by GH(4)C(1) cells, indicating the specificity of the EGF effect. Fibroblast growth factor, however, had effects similar to those of EGF and TRH. Of five pituitary cell strains tested, all but one responded to chronic EGF treatment with specifically altered hormone production. Acute chronic EGF treatment with specifically altered hormone production. Acute treatment (30 min) of GH(4)C(1) cells with 10(-8) M EGF caused a 30 percent enhancement of prolactin release compared to a greater than twofold increase caused by 10(-7) M TRH. Therefore, although EGF and TRH have qualitatively similar effects on GH(4)C(1) cells, their powers to affect hormone release acutely or hormone synthesis and cell proliferation chronically are distinct.
Towards a personalized trust architecture

Advances in next generations distributed cyberspace technologies are expected to evolve a global cyberspace marketplace for resource and services. In marketplaces, particularly with the autonomy of users, trading parties differ in many respects, for example their declared agendas, honesty, owned or outsourced resources, and their products. Given these differences and the scale of a global marketplace, trusting the outcome of services or service compositions becomes a challenging endeavor. Personalized autonomic trust management constitutes a powerful solution to such issues. However, current trust systems do not generalize well beyond those problems they were designed for. In addition they are oblivious to individual users' trust requirements. In this paper we propose a generic trust management framework and architecture for trust personalization and autonomic trust management. Our main contributions include: defining and quantifying trust in terms of four parameters: intent capability, integrity and results, and a unified framework for autonomic and personalized trust management. In our simulations, we investigated using trust parameters in BitTorrent protocol. Results showed that, using trust parameters reduce download time and an increase number of finished peers.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Videotape versus Live Group Infant Care Classes

Postpartum women on a hospital maternity unit viewed a videotape on infant care or attended a group class on infant care. Content quiz scores for the two groups were not significantly different. Although the majority of both groups thought the live class was a better way to teach new mothers about infant care, no significant differences on measures of convenience, ease of understanding, level of interest, amount learned, and how relaxed the mother felt were identified.
Streamline bifurcations and scaling theory for a multiple-wake model

Abstract We investigate the interaction between multiple arrays of (reverse) von Karman streets as a model for the mid-wake regions produced by schooling fish. There exist configurations where an infinite array of vortex streets is in relative equilibrium, that is, the streets move together with the same translational velocity. We examine the topology of the streamline patterns in a frame moving with the same translational velocity as the streets. Fluid is advected along different paths depending on the distance separating two adjacent streets. When the distance between the streets is large enough, each street behaves as a single von Karman street and fluid moves globally between two adjacent streets. When the streets get closer to each other, the number of streets that enter into partnership in transporting fluid among themselves increases. This observation motivates a bifurcation analysis which links the distance between streets to the maximum number of streets transporting fluid among themselves. We describe a scaling law relating the number of streets that enter into partnership as a function of the three main parameters associated with the system, two associated with each individual street (determining the aspect ratio of the street), and a third associated with the distance between neighboring streets. In the final section we speculate on the timescale associated with the lifetime of the coherence of this mid-wake scaling regime.
Minimally Almost Periodic Groups

Given a group g it is of some interest to decide which elements of g can be “told apart” by almost periodic functions of g or, which is the same thing (cf. below) by finite dimensional bounded linear representations of g. That is: For two a, b ∈ g we define a ~ b by either of these two properties: (I) For every almost periodic function f(x) in g f(a) = f(b). (II) For every finite dimensional linear unitary representation D(x) of g D(a) = D(b).
Dendritic-cell interactions with HIV: infection and viral dissemination

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the generation and the regulation of adaptive immunity. Because DCs have a pivotal role in marshalling immune responses, HIV has evolved ways to exploit DCs, thereby facilitating viral dissemination and allowing evasion of antiviral immunity. Defining the mechanisms that underlie cell-cell transmission of HIV and understanding the role of DCs in this process should help us in the fight against HIV infection. This Review highlights the latest advances in our understanding of the interactions between DCs and HIV, focusing on the mechanisms of DC-mediated viral dissemination.
Superstructural diversity in two dimensions: crystal engineering of laminated solids

The application of supramolecular concepts such as self-assembly to the solid state offers an approach to crystal design and crystal engineering, namely supramolecular synthesis of solids, that is based upon the design of infinite networks. Self-assembly of more than one molecular component, modular self-assembly, is particularly attractive since it can be accomplished in one-pot reactions with existing molecular components and allows for facile fine-tuning of structural and functional features. The challenges and opportunities that face crystal engineering are illustrated by concentrating on the superstructural diversity that has been exhibited in 2D network structures. Despite the observed superstructural diversity, which can manifest itself in the form of supramolecular isomerism, and the range of molecular components that have been utilized, these structures have in common an inherent ability to mimic clays by intercalation of guest molecules.
Well-Posedness for the Linearized Motion of a Compressible Liquid with Free Surface Boundary

We study the motion of a compressible perfect liquid body in vacuum. This can be through of as a model for the motion of the ocean or a star. The free surface moves with the velocity of the liquid and the pressure vanishes on the free surface. This leads to a free boundary problem for Euler's equations, where the regularity of the boundary enters to highest order. We prove linearized stability in Sobolev space assuming a ``physical condition'', related to the fact that the pressure of a fluid has to be positive.
Source apportionment of diesel and spark ignition exhaust aerosol using on-road data from the Minneapolis metropolitan area

Abstract Air quality measurements were made on interstate highways in the Minneapolis metropolitan area. Gas and aerosol concentrations were measured on weekdays and weekends. By exploiting the difference in the relative volumes of heavy duty (HD) diesel and light duty (LD) spark ignition (SI) vehicles on weekdays and weekends, we were able to estimate apportioned fuel specific emissions. The on-road, apportioned, fuel specific particle number emissions factors, estimated from condensation particle counter (CPC) measurements were 1.34±0.2×1016 particles kg−1 for diesels and 7.1±1.6×1015 particles kg−1 for spark ignition vehicles. Estimates from the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements were 2.1±0.3×1015 particles kg−1 for diesels and 3.9±0.6×1014 particles kg−1 for SI vehicles. The difference between CPC and SMPS measurements is mainly due to different lower size detection limits of the instruments, ∼3 and ∼10 nm, respectively. On a weekly weighted basis and on weekdays, the majority of particle number was attributed to HD diesel traffic. Weekend production of particles can be primarily attributed to light duty SI automobiles. On a per vehicle basis, HD vehicles produced substantially greater numbers of particles. On a fuel specific basis, HD vehicles produce slightly higher concentrations of particles than light duty vehicles. The relative contribution of LD vehicles to particle number emissions increased as particle size decreased. The HD apportioned size distributions were similar to size distributions measured during other on-road and laboratory studies. The LD apportioned size distribution was bounded by laboratory and on-road size distributions. Our work is representative of summer, highway cruise conditions. It is likely that under cold start and high load operating conditions LD emissions will increase relative to HD emissions.
Dispersion Analysis for Discontinuous Spectral Element Methods

A framework for studying the amplitude and phase errors for discontinuous spectral element methods applied to wave propagation problems is presented. In this framework, boundary conditions can be accounted for and the spatial distribution of the errors within individual elements can be obtained. This is of importance for spectral element discretizations, for which it might be convenient to have the element size larger than the wavelength. When applied to multiple element discretizations, this allows identification of criteria for reducing the errors. While these criteria depend in general on the particular application and the discretization itself, an attempt is made to obtain optimal methods for the case when the wave propagation takes place over a large number of elements. Unfortunately, such optimization leads in the most general case to full mass matrices, and hence is useful mainly for linear problems.
Quantitative immunofluorescence, anti-ras p21 antibody specificity, and cellular oncoprotein levels

A general approach to investigating specificity and saturation of antibodies by quantitative immunofluorescence is applied to monoclonal antibodies generated against p21 or ras oligopeptides to quantify ras p21 oncoprotein in cultured cells. Ras 10, a panreactive mouse monoclonal antibody, appears to be a superior probe for detection of p21 in cell extracts or fixed cells because it binds a 21 kD protein on SDS-PAGE/western blots and labels the cytoplasmic membrane in a saturable and competitive manner. RAP-5, a widely used mouse monoclonal antibody generated against an oligopeptide of ras p21, does not recognize p21 in denaturing immunoblots or in immunofluorescence of cultured cells.
Affirming the “S” in HBSE Through the Socio-Cultural Discourses of Lev Vygotsky, Barbara Myerhoff, Jerome Bruner, and Ken Gergen

Owing largely to the pioneering spirit of Sigmund Freud, social work's understanding of human behavior and development has supported individualist discourses that essentialize the self. Socio-cultural discourses present alternatives that strengthen the intentions of many social workers when they invoke the concept of human behavior in the social environment. In particular, Lev Vygotsky, Barbara Myerhoff, Jerome Bruner, and Ken Gergen offer compelling and salient accounts for genuinely regarding human behavior as embedded, even constituted by, social environments.
Mediastinal histoplasmosis causing massive hematemesis

spontaneous breathing as soon as possible 2 and lowpressure suction of the chest tubes after operation are critical.2, 3 Some ventilatory support is necessary, however, when a patient continues to have hypoventilation after operation. Pressure-controlled ventilation rather than volume-controlled ventilation has been recommended for such patients because it can deliver high inspired gas flows in the presence of airway leaks. 3 Although NPV is generally less effective than PPV, 1 it places less stress on the airway. Even if a peak inspiratory pressure inside the cuirass respirator is highly negative, a fraction of the pressure is transmitted to pleural pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during cuirass ventilation. 4 Marino and Pitchumoni 4 showed that esophageal pressure decreased from -5 .4 cm H20 during spontaneous breathing to -7 .3 cm H20 during inspiratory cycle of NPV while an inspiratory peak pressure of 4 0 cm H20 inside the cuirass worked on the chest. In contrast, during PPV a high positive peak pressure is transmitted to the airway and lung. NPV may therefore be less likely than PPV to induce barotrauma in patients with fragile stapling lines of the lung, Indeed, the decrease in Pco2 in our patient may have been rather slow compared with PPV; however, NPV successfully led him to stable spontaneous breathing without increasing air leakage. Although our patient died, we believe that NPV with the cuirass respirator could be an appropriate ventilatory support for the patient with hypercarbia after operation for emphysema when the lung is adequately inflated.
The dilemma of decontamination: A Gramscian analysis of the Mexican transgenic maize dispute

Abstract An intense environmental dispute surrounds the maize-fields of Mexico. Mexican maize traditional varieties (or ‘landraces’) constitute a global genetic resource that may well be critical to future agricultural development and corn breeding. Many environmentalists, farmers, and consumers in Mexico are therefore concerned that their maize landraces may have been ‘contaminated’ by imported transgenic maize, grown in the USA. The criticisms of this transgenic technology are complex and call into question the nature of the boundary between political and ecological (i.e. scientific) disputes. Our paper surveys these criticisms, and this political–scientific boundary, in a three-part analysis. First, we turn to Gramsci’s notes on science from his eleventh prison notebook to rethink the political ecology of transgenic maize, i.e., the way the ecological analysis of transgenic introgression is treated as politics. Second, we present the multiple criticisms of transgenic maize as scalar phenomena. Third, we review the recent scientific literature on transgene introgression to evaluate recent calls for the ‘decontamination’ of Mexican maize. Our reading illustrates two dilemmas facing the group that occupies the hegemonic subject-position in this dispute, ecological scientists. First, the popular desire to ‘decontaminate’ Mexican maize exceeds their capacities (due to complications involved with sampling). Second, although the political debate surrounding ‘contaminated’ Mexican maize exceeds science, the boundary between the dispute’s scientific and parascientific elements cannot be adjudicated scientifically. In other words, the boundary between science and politics is porous. Thus in two respects the dispute is ecological, yet beyond the capacity of this science to resolve. Yet, following Gramsci, these findings should not lead us to see science as mere ideology, or apolitical, or encourage a retreat into metaphysics. Rather it points to the need for a social transformation that sees science as “humanity forging its methods of research … in other words, culture, the conception of the world.” By exploring the dilemmas of decontamination, the dispute over transgene introgression in Mexican maize-fields provides an opportunity to elaborate upon Gramsci’s neglected insights into the politics of science.
Large errors and severe conditions

Abstract Physical parameters that can assume real-number values over a continuous range are generally represented by inherently positive random variables. However, if the uncertainties in these parameters are significant (large errors), conventional means of representing and manipulating the associated variables can lead to erroneous results. Instead, all analyses involving them must be conducted in a probabilistic framework. Several issues must be considered: First, non-linear functional relations between primary and derived variables may lead to significant “error amplification” (severe conditions). Second, the commonly used normal (Gaussian) probability distribution must be replaced by a more appropriate function that avoids the occurrence of negative sampling results. Third, both primary random variables and those derived through well-defined functions must be dealt with entirely in terms of their probability distributions. Parameter “values” and “errors” should be interpreted as specific moments of these probability distributions. Fourth, there are pragmatic reasons for seeking convenient analytical formulas to approximate the “true” probability distributions of derived parameters generated by Monte Carlo simulation. This paper discusses each of these issues and illustrates the main concepts with realistic examples involving radioactivity decay and nuclear astrophysics.
Effect of connective tissue and collagen on platelet lactate production: role of acid mucopolysaccharides.

SummaryAlthough connective tissue and collagen induced the formation of huge platelet clumps, they had different effects on lactate production. With collagen, platelet lactate production was linear for 60 min, as compared with 45 min for control platelet suspensions. The rate of lactate production increased during actual aggregation and was similar to that of the control thereafter. Collagenase-treated collagen behaved like the control samples. In contrast to collagen, CT caused an arrest of lactate production within 15 min. Prior to this time, more lactate was produced than in the controls. Collagenase-treated CT also arrested lactate production within 15 min but caused no aggregation. After the addition of hyaluronidase-treated CT or CT with added Mg2+, however, aggregation occurred, and lactate production proceeded linearly for 60 min, similar to the rate for control or collagen-treated platelets. These findings appear to show that the arrest of lactate production by CT was due to the binding of divale...
A two-time-scale autopilot for high-performance aircraft

A two-time-scale autopilot is proposed for the Aircraft Controls Design Challenge problem. This control law uses a nonlinear aircraft model constructed from the given vehicle simulation. The vehicle model is partitioned into slow translational dynamics and fast rotational dynamics. Feedback linearization is then employed to synthesize control laws for these two-time scales. Due to the nature of the synthesis, the control law is suitable for automatic trajectory following, and also for pilot control.
Failure of partial splenectomy to ameliorate the anemia of pyruvate kinase deficiency

The authors report a case of pyruvate kinase deficiency in a 4-year-old patient who required monthly blood transfusions. A partial splenectomy was performed to decrease the transfusion requirements and at the same time preserve splenic function. After removal of 80% of splenic tissue there was no amelioration of her transfusion needs. She responded well to subsequent total splenectomy performed 6 months later, and is currently well and transfusion independent. Rapid splenic regeneration possibly caused by erythrophagocytosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis is the presumed reason for this patient's failure to respond to partial splenectomy.
Roget2000: a 2D hyperbolic tree visualization of Roget's Thesaurus

Thesauri, such as Roget's Thesaurus, show the semantic relationships among terms and concepts. Understanding these relationships can lead to a greater understanding of linguistic structure and could be applied to creating more efficient natural-language recognition and processing programs. A general assumption is that focus and context displays of hyperbolic trees accelerate browsing ability over conventional trees. It is believed that allowing the user to visually browse the thesaurus will be more effective than keyword searching, especially when the terms in the thesaurus are not known in advance. The visualization can also potentially provide insight into semantic structure of terms. The novelty of this visualization lay in its implementation of various direct manipulation functions, tightly coupled windows, and how data is read into visualization. The direct manipulation functions allow the user to customize the appearance of the tree, to view the density of terms associated with particular concepts, and to view the thesaurus entries associated with each term. Input data is in an XML file format. The extensibility and ability to model complex hierarchies made XML a convenient choice. The object-oriented design of the code allows for displaying virtually any hierarchical data if it is in the XML format.
Epithelioid Hemangioma of Bone and Soft Tissue: A Reappraisal of a Controversial Entity

Background The controversy surrounding diagnosis of an epithelioid hemangioma (EH), particularly when arising in skeletal locations, stems not only from its overlapping features with other malignant vascular neoplasms, but also from its somewhat aggressive clinical characteristics, including multifocal presentation and occasional lymph node involvement. Specifically, the distinction from epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) has been controversial. The recurrent t(1;3)(p36;q25) chromosomal translocation, resulting in WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion, recently identified in EHE of various anatomic sites, but not in EH or other epithelioid vascular neoplasms, suggests distinct pathogeneses.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE MEAN AND MEDIAN

This study provides a snapshot of elementary school teachers’ understanding of the mean and median. The research is presented in light of recent work regarding preservice teachers’ understanding of the mean. Common misconceptions are identified which lead to potential implications for teacher preparation programs. One of the primary concerns regarding increasing the standards expected of students to learn statistics is teachers’ preparation to address those standards. Exploring issues with teachers’ understanding of two of the most prominent concepts in the enacted curriculum provides a glimpse into the need to adequately prepare teachers to teach statistics.
Ac conductivity of Ag-doped bulk, glassy As2S3

Abstract Measurements of the electrical conductivity of Ag-doped bulk As2S3 glasses have been made as functions of temperature, pressure, frequency and Ag doping level. A Debye-like loss peak was observed near 104 Hz. The frequency of the loss peak is dependent on temperature, pressure and doping level, but these dependences are different from those of the dc conductivity. The ac loss is attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner losses characteristic of inhomogeneous materials. The materials are presumed to be inhomogeneous mixtures of As2S3 and Ag2S. We have also searched unsuccessfully for ac conductance in several bulk chalcogenide glasses.
Racial and Ethnic Inequality: The Comparative Impact of Socialism

This study tests the hypothesis that socialist systems have provided significantly greater political and economic equality for their ethnic and racial minorities than have liberal-capitalist societies. The method used herein is a comparison of the relative status of, and changes over time in the status of, minority groups in four socialist states (the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia), with the same attributes of approximately similar groups in capitalist societies. Comparisons are made with respect to the distribution of political power, income, education, and health care. The hypothesis is not supported. Instead, the relative status of minorities is remarkably similar in both socialist and capitalist societies. The validity of this finding is tested against the experience of the more recent Chinese and Cuban revolutions, which thus far have been no more successful in eradicating inegalitarianism along ethnic lines. Sources of these persisting cleavages in socialist societies are considered in c...
Ta1.40(1)Mn4.60(1)Si5: distribution of the Ta and Mn atoms

The title compound is closely related to the previously described Ta2Mn4Si5 structure which was studied by powder methods [Steinmetz & Roques (1977). J. Less Common Metals, 52, 247–258]. The present single-crystal study shows a different ordering pattern of Ta and Mn over the metal sites and a small solid solubility range.