cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Ancient Egyptian Language to Future Conceptual Modeling

This paper discusses the construction principles of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs from the point of view of conceptual modeling. The paper starts with a summary of author's previous work on the correspondence between the Entity-Relationship diagrammatic (ERD) technique and two natural languages: English and Chinese. In one previous work, the similarity between the English sentence structure/grammar and the construction blocks and rules of ERD was discovered. In another work, the similarity between the Chinese character construction methods and the ER modeling principles was also discovered. In this paper, construction methods of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyph are analyzed with respect to the construction methods of Chinese characters and the conceptual modeling principles. At the end, possible applications and extensions of this research work are discussed.
The Application of ATCA Structure for Power Communication Switching System

In order to meet the needs of the power communication device This paper discusses the key technologies of the power switching equipment based on ATCA structure, including network topology selection and rack management system, as well as a system performance test result is given. The test results show that the power switching equipment based on ATCA structure has good rack management ability, and it can monitor and adjust parameters such as system temperature. It can realize hot backup of the system, making the system with high reliability and high transmission bandwidth.
Nuclear fluorination of 2,4-diarylthiazoles with Accufluor®

Abstract A series of 2,4-diphenylthiazole derivatives were synthesized and directly fluorinated at the 5-position by reaction with the N–F fluorinating reagent Accufluor ® . Although fluorination occurred selectively at the thiazole ring, it was always incomplete and thus yields for the novel fluorinated products were low to moderate (19–43%) following purification to remove starting material. Nonetheless, the target compounds were obtained in a convenient and straightforward manner. Selectfluor ® was not as effective as Accufluor ® as it gave a trace amount of the 5-chlorothiazole that was difficult to remove by chromatography.
Three Lenses on Occupations and Professions in Organizations: Becoming, Doing, and Relating

Abstract Management and organizational scholarship is overdue for a reappraisal of occupations and professions as well as a critical review of past and current work on the topic. Indeed, the field has largely failed to keep pace with the rising salience of occupational and professional (as opposed to organizational) dynamics in work life. Moreover, not only is there a dearth of studies that explicitly take occupational or professional categories into account, but there is also an absence of a shared analytical framework for understanding what occupations and professions entail. Our goal is therefore two-fold: first, to offer guidance to scholars less familiar with this terrain who encounter occupational or professional dynamics in their own inquiries and, second, to introduce a three-part framework for conceptualizing occupations and professions to help guide future inquiries. We suggest that occupations and professions can be understood through lenses of “becoming”, “doing”, and “relating”. We develop th...
Physics and Detectors for the International Linear Collider

Development of a precise theory of the electroweak interaction was a great achievement of Twentieth Century physics. The next generation of colliders will address a deeper understanding of underlying principles of Nature. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will soon begin operations at CERN and confront the limits of theory at the Terascale. Anticipated new physics will illuminate the fundamental particle properties and the relationships between the observed forces. New symmetries, extra dimensions, and the source of the mysterious dark matter of the cosmos are possible discoveries. The International Linear Collider (ILC) will bring complementary vision to exploration of the Terascale, enabled by the special advantages of an electron-positron collider. This paper presents examples of the physics opportunities of the ILC, describes the advantages of the linear collider experimental environment, and presents some detector developments aimed at enabling this experimental program.
Are the Federal Reserve’s Stress Test Results Predictable?

Regulatory stress tests have become a key tool for setting bank capital levels. Publicly disclosed results for four rounds of stress tests suggest that as the stress testing process has evolved, its outcomes have become more predictable and therefore arguably less informative. In particular, projected stress losses in the 2013 and 2014 stress tests are nearly perfectly correlated for bank holding companies that participated in both rounds. The authors also compare projected losses across different scenarios used in the 2014 stress test and find surprisingly high correlations for outcomes grouped by bank or by loan category. Similar patterns apply to the 2015 results. The authors discuss the potential implications of these patterns for the further development and application of stress testing.
Renormalization group evolution of the universal theories EFT

The conventional oblique parameters analyses of precision electroweak data can be consistently cast in the modern framework of the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) when restrictions are imposed on the SMEFT parameter space so that it describes universal theories. However, the usefulness of such analyses is challenged by the fact that universal theories at the scale of new physics, where they are matched onto the SMEFT, can flow to nonuniversal theories with renormalization group (RG) evolution down to the electroweak scale, where precision observables are measured. The departure from universal theories at the electroweak scale is not arbitrary, but dictated by the universal parameters at the matching scale. But to define oblique parameters, and more generally universal parameters at the electroweak scale that directly map onto observables, additional prescriptions are needed for the treatment of RG-induced nonuniversal effects. We perform a RG analysis of the SMEFT description of universal theories, and discuss the impact of RG on simplified, universal-theories-motivated approaches to fitting precision electroweak and Higgs data.
Use of a multiparty web based videoconference support group for family caregivers: Innovative practice:

This article describes a pilot of a weekly web based videoconference support group for five caregivers of persons with dementia. All participants reported positive views of the group and videoconference medium. Improvements in caregiver anxiety, depression, and physical health scores were observed. Depression scores remained the same with difficulties experienced by the caregiver increasing slightly. Self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts and responding to disruptive behavior improved but worsened slightly for obtaining respite. We concluded that web based support was a positive experience for caregivers, providing them with an acceptable, feasible, low-cost technological alternative to in person support that reduced barriers to attendance by being available in homes.
Chronic macro-economic and financial imbalances in the world economy: a meta-economic view

Global finance, combining offshore banking and universal banks to drive a broader globalization process, has transformed the modus operandi of the world economy. This requires a new “meta-economic” framework in which short-term portfolio-investment flows are treated as the dominant phenomenon they have become. Organized by global finance, these layered bi-directional flows between center and periphery manage a tension between financial concentration and monetary fragmentation. The resulting imbalances express the asymmetries built into that tension and render the exchange rate a more strategic policy variable than ever. JEL Classification: F32; F33; F44.
Bootstrapping 2D CFTs in the Semiclassical Limit

We study two-dimensional conformal eld theories in the semiclassical limit. In this limit, the four-point function is dominated by intermediate primaries of particular weights along with their descendants, and the crossing equations simplify drastically. For a four-point function receiving suciently small contributions from the light primaries, the structure constants involving heavy primaries follow a universal formula. Applying our results to the four-point function of the Z2 twist eld in the symmetric product orbifold, we produce the Hellerman bound and the logarithmically corrected Cardy formula that is valid for h c=12.
Optimal Government Spending at the Zero Bound: Nonlinear and Non-Ricardian Analysis

This paper characterizes optimal government spending when monetary policy is constrained by the zero lower bound under a variety of assumptions about a set of fiscal instruments available to finance government spending. The private sector of the model is given by a standard New Keynesian model. In response to a large and persistent time-preference shock, government chooses a sequence of nominal interest rate and government spending, which can be financed by either lump-sum tax, a mix of labor income tax and debt, or a mix of consumption tax and debt. There are four main findings. First, optimal government spending policy is characterized by an initial expansion followed by a sharp reduction during the period of zero nominal interest rates. Second, optimal dynamics of debt and primary balance depend on the available distortionary tax and the initial level of debt. Third, welfare gain of having government spending as an additional policy instrument depends importantly on the available distortionary tax, but is generally much smaller than welfare gain of having debt instrument or distortionary tax. Finally, welfare gains of various fiscal instruments are larger in the economy with larger initial debt.
Reflections: Academia's Emerging Crisis of Relevance and the Consequent Role of the Engaged Scholar

ABSTRACTUniversities are facing a crisis of relevance. While there are multiple reasons for this to be happening, one that deserves particular attention is the extent to which academic scholars do not see it as their role to engage in public and political discourse. However, increased engagement is unavoidable in an emerging educational context where the calibre of public discourse has become so degraded and social media is changing the nature of science and scientific discourse within society. Further, there is a demographic shift in play, where young scholars are seeking more impact from their work than their more senior colleagues. In this article, I begin the process of articulating what we know and what we don't know about the evolving role of the engaged scholar by breaking the conversation into two parts. First, why should academic scholars engage in public and political discourse? Second, how can we structure a set of ground rules that could form what might be considered a handbook for public enga...
Virtual cathode in a spherical inertial electrostatic confinement device

Double-well potential structure (virtual cathode formation) is studied in a spherical inertial electrostatic confinement (SIEC) device using non-linear Poisson's equation. Particle densities are derived from a kinetic equation equivalent to Vlasov's equation. Velocities of collision-free electrons and ions at the edge of the configuration will be almost aligned towards the center, however, they have small divergences. Analyses show appearance of a virtual cathode potential well relevant to burn fusion fuels near the center of SIEC.
Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation Before Noncardiac Surgery

Over the past 30 years, there has been a great deal of interest in defining the optimal preoperative cardiac evaluation before noncardiac surgery. From an evidence-based perspective, the studies transition from cohort studies involving risk assessment to cohort studies of interventions and finally to randomized controlled trials. Since 1996, there have been a series of evidence-based guidelines published from a diverse group of societies including the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American College of Physicians, and the European Society of Cardiology. While the specific details of the recommendations differ slightly, the overall approach is very similar. This chapter will review the evidence that underlies these guidelines and place it within the context of the optimal cardiology consultation.
Uncertainty Analysis of Melting and Resolidification of Gold Film Irradiated by Nano- to Femtosecond Lasers Using Stochastic Method

A sample-based stochastic model is presented to investigate the effects of uncertainties of various input parameters, including laser fluence, laser pulse duration, thermal conductivity constants for electron, and electron-lattice coupling factor, on solid-liquid phase change of gold film under nano- to femtosecond laser irradiation. Rapid melting and resolidification of a free standing gold film subject to nano- to femtosecond laser are simulated using a two-temperature model incorporated with the interfacial tracking method. The interfacial velocity and temperature are obtained by solving the energy equation in terms of volumetric enthalpy for control volume. The convergence of variance (COV) is used to characterize the variability of the input parameters, and the interquartile range (IQR) is used to calculate the uncertainty of the output parameters. The IQR analysis shows that the laser fluence and the electron-lattice coupling factor have the strongest influences on the interfacial location, velocity, and temperatures.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Definitions Do Make a Difference: County Managers and Their Conceptions of Collaboration

ABSTRACTAlthough the academic literature reveals great variety in definitions of collaboration, little research has examined the conceptions of practitioners. Because the literature encourages collaboration, and foundations often insist on this arrangement for funding, these views are consequential. This article elaborates the definitions of collaboration offered by county managers in a growing U.S. state who have responsibility for service delivery in their jurisdictions. Like academic researchers, these practitioners have widely differing conceptions of collaboration, and their responses suggest a “collaboration halo,”—that is, a tendency to see collaboration in a positive light. The article discusses the implications of these results.
Particle diffusion in active fluids is non-monotonic in size

We experimentally investigate the effect of particle size on the motion of passive polystyrene spheres in suspensions of Escherichia coli. Using particles covering a range of sizes from 0.6 to 39 microns, we probe particle dynamics at both short and long time scales. In all cases, the particles exhibit super-diffusive ballistic behavior at short times before eventually transitioning to diffusive behavior. Surprisingly, we find a regime in which larger particles can diffuse faster than smaller particles: the particle long-time effective diffusivity exhibits a peak in particle size, which is a deviation from classical thermal diffusion. We also find that the active contribution to particle diffusion is controlled by a dimensionless parameter, the Peclet number. A minimal model qualitatively explains the existence of the effective diffusivity peak and its dependence on bacterial concentration. Our results have broad implications on characterizing active fluids using concepts drawn from classical thermodynamics.
Coexistence Analysis Between Radar and Cellular System in LoS Channel

Sharing spectrum with incumbents such as radar systems is an attractive solution for cellular operators in order to meet the ever-growing bandwidth requirements and ease the spectrum crunch problem. In order to realize efficient spectrum sharing, interference mitigation techniques are required. In this letter, we address techniques to mitigate multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar interference at MIMO cellular base stations (BSs). We specifically look at the amount of power received at BSs when radar uses null space projection (NSP)-based interference mitigation method. NSP reduces the amount of projected power at targets that are in close vicinity to BSs. We study this issue and show that this can be avoided if radar employs a larger transmit array. In addition, we compute the coherence time of channel between radar and BSs and show that the coherence time of channel is much larger than the pulse repetition interval of radars. Therefore, NSP-based interference mitigation techniques that depend on accurate channel state information (CSI) can be effective as the problem of CSI being outdated does not occur for most practical scenarios.
Is “Good Enough” Good Enough When Hedging Agricultural Commodities?

First draft. Selected paper prepared for presentation at the 2015 Agricultural and Applied Economics Association and Western Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting San Francisco, CA , July 26-28, 2015.
On additive-combinatorial affine inequalities for Shannon entropy and differential entropy

To be considered for the 2016 IEEE Jack Keil Wolf ISIT Student Paper Award. This paper addresses the question of to what extent do discrete entropy inequalities for weighted sums of independent group-valued random variables continue to hold for differential entropies. We show that all balanced affine inequalities (with the sum of coefficients being zero) of Shannon entropy extend to differential entropy; conversely, any affine inequality for differential entropy must be balanced. In particular, this result recovers recently proved differential entropy inequalities by Kontoyiannis and Madiman [1] from their discrete counterparts due to Tao [2] in a unified manner. Our proof relies on a result of Renyi which relates the Shannon entropy of a finely discretized random variable to its differential entropy and also helps in establishing the entropy of the sum of quantized random variables is asymptotically equal to that of the quantized sum.
Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of amides by carbon-nitrogen cleavage: general strategy for amide N-C bond activation.

The first palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides with boronic acids for the synthesis of ketones by sterically-controlled N–C bond activation is reported. The transformation is characterized by operational simplicity using bench-stable, commercial reagents and catalysts, and a broad substrate scope, including substrates with electron-donating and withdrawing groups on both coupling partners, steric-hindrance, heterocycles, halides, esters and ketones. The scope and limitations are presented in the synthesis of >60 functionalized ketones. Mechanistic studies provide insight into the catalytic cycle of the cross-coupling, including the first experimental evidence for Pd insertion into the amide N–C bond. The synthetic utility is showcased by a gram-scale cross-coupling and cross-coupling at room temperature. Most importantly, this process provides a blueprint for the development of a plethora of metal catalyzed reactions of typically inert amide bonds via acyl-metal intermediates. A unified strategy for amide bond activation to enable metal insertion into N–C amide bond is outlined (Scheme 1).
A NEW PARADIGM FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION

Total joint arthroplasty continues to gain acceptance as the standard of care for the treatment of severe degenerative joint disease. However, the Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) remains one of the biggest challenges facing orthopaedics today. It is important to accurately diagnose PJI because its management differs from that of other causes of arthroplasty failure. The most common symptom of PJI is pain. In acute infection, the local signs and symptoms (e.g., severe pain, swelling, erythema, and warmth at the infected joint) of inflammation are generally present. On the other hand, chronic infection usually has a more subtle presentation, with pain alone, and is often accompanied by loosening of the prosthesis at the bone-implant interface. The diagnosis of PJI has proven quite challenging, as both acute and chronic infections can be difficult to differentiate from other forms of inflammation. The reported literature on the diagnosis of PJI has focused on evaluated laboratory tests that were never developed specifically for the diagnosis of PJI. Because these tests were not made for the purpose of diagnosing PJI, it has been the responsibility of the orthopaedic community to evaluate and recommend their interpretation. This has resulted in significant confusion regarding the appropriate thresholds and optimal combination of these tests. These difficulties were the motivation for the development of a specific test for the detection of PJI. The promising diagnostic capabilities of synovial fluid biomarkers for PJI have already been reported in the literature. Studies have demonstrated that the alpha-defensin microbicidal peptide present in human neutrophils is an ideal biomarker for PJI due to the distinct separation it achieves between positive and negative results. A specific test allowing to measure the concentration of the alpha-defensin in the synovial fluid has been developed. The specificity and the sensitivity of this test for the detection of a PJI are respectively 96% and 97%. This test has been proven to have also a high reproducibility, its results not being influenced by antibiotics. A lateral flow version of this test (Synovasure PJI, distributed exclusively in Europe by Zimmer GmbH) has been recently developed. It allows reading the results in 10 minutes and it doesn9t require any laboratories for its interpretation. Currently, this test device is in clinical evaluation in more than 200 European hospitals. In case that the clinical evaluation of this test device is positive, this method will be a new paradigm for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection.
Viscosity, Structural Relaxation and Defect Annihilation Kinetics of Amorphous Si

Substrate curvature measurements were used to monitor viscous flow in ion beam sputtered amorphous Si for temperatures ranging from 150 to 400 °C. The viscosity increases linearly with time, characteristic of a bimolecular defect annihilation process. This is consistent with the defects governing viscous flow being dangling bonds. The isoconfigurational activation enthalpy for the viscosity is 1.8 ±.3 eV.
Asymmetric addition of α-branched cyclic ketones to allenamides catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid

We describe the asymmetric addition of unactivated α-branched cyclic ketones to allenamides catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid, generating an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter with broad substrate scope and high enantioselectivity. The products are easily transformed into their corresponding 1,5- and 1,4-ketoaldehyde derivatives, which are both important building blocks in organic synthesis.
Security of Quantum Key Distribution

The security issues facing quantum key distribution (QKD) are explained, herein focusing on those issues that are cryptographic and information theoretic in nature and not those based on physics. The problem of security criteria is addressed. It is demonstrated that an attacker’s success probabilities are the fundamental criteria of security that any theoretic security criterion must relate to in order to have operational significance. The errors committed in the prevalent interpretation of the trace distance criterion are analyzed. The security proofs of QKD protocols are discussed and assessed in regard to three main features: their validity, completeness, and adequacy of the achieved numerical security level. Problems are identified in all these features. It appears that the QKD security situation is quite different from the common perception that a QKD-generated key is nearly perfectly secure. Built into our discussion is a simple but complete quantitative description of the information theoretic security of classical key distribution that is also applicable to the quantum situation. In the Appendixes, we provide a brief outline of the history of some major QKD security proofs, a rather unfavorable comparison of current QKD proven security with that of conventional symmetric key ciphers, and a list of objections and answers concerning some major points of this paper.
Restoration of compressed video using temporal information

This paper proposes a Bayesian method for the restoration of video sequences compressed using the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Two elements, both part of the Bayesian observation model, distinguish the proposed algorithm from the majority of other methods in the literature. The proposed algorithm incorporates temporal information from nearby frames -- past, present and future -- when forming an estimate of the current frame. Furthermore, this work uses a spatially-varying noise model to account for the noise introduced by quantization of the DCT coefficients. These two aspects of the observation model are used in conjunction with a Huber-Markov Random Field (HMRF) model to form a Bayesian estimate of each frame in the compressed video sequence.
What explains the 2007-2009 drop in employment?

We show that deterioration in household balance sheets, or the housing net worth channel, played a significant role in the sharp decline in U.S. employment between 2007 and 2009. Counties with a larger decline in housing net worth experience a larger decline in non-tradable employment. This result is not driven by industry-specific supply-side shocks, exposure to the construction sector, policy-induced business uncertainty, or contemporaneous credit supply tightening. We find little evidence of labor market adjustment in response to the housing net worth shock. There is no significant expansion of the tradable sector in counties with the largest decline in housing net worth. Further, there is little evidence of wage adjustment within or emigration out of the hardest hit counties.
Did Houston Clients of Arthur Andersen Recognize Publicly Available Bad News in a Timely Fashion

Despite the allegations of audit failure and the enormous publicity surrounding Arthur Andersen's indictment, there is no systematic empirical evidence on characteristics of accounting information of clients of Arthur Andersen vis-a-vis other Big 6 auditors. I examine whether earnings of Andersen's Houston-based clients are timely in reporting bad news about future cash flows. I find that relative to a control group consisting of Houston-based clients audited by other Big 6 auditors, earnings of Andersen clients are less timely in reporting bad news. Further, it appears that operating accruals of Andersen clients are less effective in accelerating the timely recognition of bad news than operating accruals of non-Andersen clients. The findings suggest that the clients of Andersen's Houston office engaged in aggressive accounting practices, including delayed recognition of publicly available bad news.
Bubble Motion in a Rotating Liquid Body

The behavior of a single gas bubble inside a rotating liquid-filled sphere has been investigated analytically and experimentally as part of ground-based investigations aimed at aiding in the design and interpretation of Shuttle experiments. In the analysis, a quasi-static description of the motion of a bubble was developed in the limit of small values of the Taylor number. A series of rotation experiments using air bubbles and silicone oils were designed to match the conditions specified in the analysis, i.e., the bubble size, sphere rotation rate, and liquid kinematic viscosity were chosen such that the Taylor number was much less than unity. The analytical description predicts the bubble velocity and its asymptotic location. It is shown that the asymptotic position is removed from the axis of rotation.
Stacking-velocity Tomography With Borehole Constraints For Tilted TI Media

We present a 2D inversion methodology for transversely isotropic media with a tilted symmetry axis (TTI) based on combining reflection moveout with borehole information. The input data include P-wave normal-moveout (NMO) velocities, zero-offset traveltimes and reflection time slopes, as well as check-shot traveltimes, reflector depths and dips measured in a borehole. For a dipping TTI layer, estimation of all the medium parameters proves to be ambiguous despite the borehole constraints. However, under the assumption that the symmetry axis is orthogonal to the reflector (a model typical for dipping shale layers), Vp0 and delta can be recovered with high accuracy, even when the symmetry axis deviates by 5 degrees from the reflector normal. The parameter epsilon cannot be constrained for dips smaller than 60 degrees without using nonhyperbolic moveout. To invert for the interval parameters of layered TTI media, we apply 2D stacking-velocity tomography supplemented with the same borehole constraints. Numerical testing on noise-contaminated data shows that VP0 and delta are well resolved, if the range of reflector dips does not exceed 30 degrees. Our algorithm can be used to build an accurate initial TTI model for migration velocity analysis.
Indoor Localization and Navigation for a Mobile Robot Equipped with Rotating Ultrasonic Sensors Using a Smartphone as the Robot's Brain

Identifying the current location of a robot is a prerequisite for robot navigation. To localize a robot, one popular way is to use particle filters that estimate the posterior probabilistic density of a robot's state space. But this Bayesian recursion approach is computationally expensive. Most microcontrollers in a small mobile robot cannot afford it. The authors propose to use a smartphone as a robot's brain in which heavy-duty computations take place whereas an embedded microcontroller on the robot processes rudimentary sensors such as ultrasonic and touch sensors. In their design, a smartphone is wirelessly connected to a robot via Bluetooth by which distance measurements from the robot are sent to the smartphone. Then the smartphone takes responsible for computationally expensive operations like executing the particle filter algorithm. In this paper, the authors designed a mobile robot and its control architecture to demonstrate that the robot can navigate indoor environment while avoiding obstacles and localize its current position.
Partial oxidation of step-bound water leads to anomalous pH effects on metal electrode step-edges

The design of better heterogeneous catalysts for applications such as fuel cells and electrolyzers requires a mechanistic understanding of electrocatalytic reactions and the dependence of their activity on operating conditions such as pH. A satisfactory explanation for the unexpected pH dependence of electrochemical properties of platinum surfaces has so far remained elusive, with previous explanations resorting to complex co-adsorption of multiple species and resulting in limited predictive power. This knowledge gap suggests that the fundamental properties of these catalysts are not yet understood, limiting systematic improvement. Here, we analyze the change in charge and free energies upon adsorption using density-functional theory (DFT) to establish that water adsorbs on platinum step edges across a wide voltage range, including the double-layer region, with a loss of approximately 0.2 electrons upon adsorption. We show how this as-yet unreported change in net surface charge due to this water explains the anomalous pH variations of the hydrogen underpotential deposition (Hupd) and the potentials of zero total charge (PZTC) observed in published experimental data. This partial oxidation of water is not limited to platinum metal step edges, and we report the charge of the water on metal step edges of commonly used catalytic metals, including copper, silver, iridium, and palladium, illustrating that this partial oxidation of water broadly influences the reactivity of metal electrodes.
Volatility Spillover Effects and Cross Hedging in the U.S. Oil Market and the Energy Pipeline Sector Index

This study fills an important gap in the research literature to examine the mean and volatility spillover effects between the U.S. oil, overall U.S. stocks markets and the U.S. energy pipeline market by studying the linkages between the West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Dow Jones Industrial Average Index (DJIA), SP Salisu & Oloko, 2015). Our results will assist policy makers and investors on planning energy, diversifying portfolio and managing energy risk.
Significant Atmospheric Aerosol Pollution Caused by World Food Cultivation

Particulate matter is a major concern for public health, causing cancer and cardiopulmonary mortality. Therefore, governments in most industrialized countries monitor and set limits for particulate matter. To assist policy makers, it is important to connect the chemical composition and severity of particulate pollution to its sources. Here we show how agricultural practices, livestock production, and the use of nitrogen fertilizers impact near-surface air quality. In many densely populated areas, aerosols formed from gases that are released by fertilizer application and animal husbandry dominate over the combined contributions from all other anthropogenic pollution. Here we test reduction scenarios of combustion-based and agricultural emissions that could lower air pollution. For a future scenario, we find opposite trends, decreasing nitrate aerosol formation near the surface while total tropospheric loads increase. This suggests that food production could be increased to match the growing global population without sacrificing air quality if combustion emission is decreased.
The implementation of Nyquist, a sound synthesis language

Nyquist is an advanced functional language for sound synthesis and composition. One of the goals of Nyquist is to achieve efficiency comparable to more conventional Music N synthesis languages such as Csound (Vercoe 1986). Efficiency can be measured in space and time, and both are important: digital audio takes enormous amounts of memory, and sound synthesis programs are computationally intensive. The efficiency requirement interacts with various language features, leading to a rather elaborate representation for signals. I will show how this representation supports Nyquist semantics in a space and timeefficient manner. Among the features of the representation are incremental computation, dynamic storage allocation and reclamation, dynamic instantiation of new signals, representation of infinite sounds, and support for multi-channel, multi-sample-rate signals.
Provable algorithms for inference in topic models

Recently, there has been considerable progress on designing algorithms with provable guarantees -- typically using linear algebraic methods -- for parameter learning in latent variable models. But designing provable algorithms for inference has proven to be more challenging. Here we take a first step towards provable inference in topic models. We leverage a property of topic models that enables us to construct simple linear estimators for the unknown topic proportions that have small variance, and consequently can work with short documents. Our estimators also correspond to finding an estimate around which the posterior is well-concentrated. We show lower bounds that for shorter documents it can be information theoretically impossible to find the hidden topics. Finally, we give empirical results that demonstrate that our algorithm works on realistic topic models. It yields good solutions on synthetic data and runs in time comparable to a single iteration of Gibbs sampling.
Introduction: The Triangulation of International Intellectual Property Law: Cooperation, Power, and Normative Welfare

Introduction to the symposium "The Future of International Intellectual Property: The International Relations of Intellectual Property Law," Cleveland, Ohio March 26,2004.
Two-Parameter Analogs of the Heisenberg Enveloping Algebra

One-parameter analogs of the Heisenberg enveloping algebra were studied previously by Kirkman and Small. They demonstrated how one may obtain Hayashi's analog of the Weyl algebra as a primitive factor of this algebra. We consider various two-parameter versions of this problem. Of particular interest is the case when the parameters are dependent. Our study allows us to consider the representation theory of a two-parameter version of the Virasoro enveloping algebra.
The Optics and Alignment of the Divergent Beam Laboratory X-ray Powder Diffractometer and its Calibration Using NIST Standard Reference Materials

The laboratory X-ray powder diffractometer is one of the primary analytical tools in materials science. It is applicable to nearly any crystalline material, and with advanced data analysis methods, it can provide a wealth of information concerning sample character. Data from these machines, however, are beset by a complex aberration function that can be addressed through calibration with the use of NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). Laboratory diffractometers can be set up in a range of optical geometries; considered herein are those of Bragg-Brentano divergent beam configuration using both incident and diffracted beam monochromators. We review the origin of the various aberrations affecting instruments of this geometry and the methods developed at NIST to align these machines in a first principles context. Data analysis methods are considered as being in two distinct categories: those that use empirical methods to parameterize the nature of the data for subsequent analysis, and those that use model functions to link the observation directly to a specific aspect of the experiment. We consider a multifaceted approach to instrument calibration using both the empirical and model based data analysis methods. The particular benefits of the fundamental parameters approach are reviewed.
Randomized Pilot Trial of a Telephone Symptom Management Intervention for Symptomatic Lung Cancer Patients and Their Family Caregivers

Abstract Context Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting both men and women and is associated with high symptom burden and psychological distress. Lung cancer patients' family caregivers also show high rates of distress. However, few interventions have been tested to alleviate significant problems of this population. Objectives This study examined the preliminary efficacy of telephone-based symptom management (TSM) for symptomatic lung cancer patients and their family caregivers. Methods Symptomatic lung cancer patients and caregivers ( n = 106 dyads) were randomly assigned to four sessions of TSM consisting of cognitive-behavioral and emotion-focused therapy or an education/support condition. Patients completed measures of physical and psychological symptoms, self-efficacy for managing symptoms, and perceived social constraints from the caregiver; caregivers completed measures of psychological symptoms, self-efficacy for helping the patient manage symptoms and managing their own emotions, perceived social constraints from the patient, and caregiving burden. Results No significant group differences were found for all patient outcomes and caregiver self-efficacy for helping the patient manage symptoms and caregiving burden at two- and six-weeks post-intervention. Small effects in favor of TSM were found regarding caregiver self-efficacy for managing their own emotions and perceived social constraints from the patient. Study outcomes did not significantly change over time in either group. Conclusion Findings suggest that our brief telephone-based psychosocial intervention is not efficacious for symptomatic lung cancer patients and their family caregivers. Next steps include examining specific intervention components in relation to study outcomes, mechanisms of change, and differing intervention doses and modalities.
Evolution from AGB star to planetary nebula.

Thesis work conducted at: Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Private Bag, Weston Creek Post Office, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia Current address: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 Electronic mail: vass@stsci.edu Ph.D. dissertation directed by: Peter R. Wood and Michael A. Dopita Co-director: Donald J. Faulkner
Probabilistic graph models for landscape genetics

Landscape genetics combines population genetics, landscape ecology, and spatial analysis to identify landscape and genetic factors that influence genetic and genomic variation. Progress in the field depends on a strong conceptual foundation and the means of identifying mechanistic connnections between environmental factors, landscape features, and genetic or genomic variation. Many existing approaches and much of the software commonly in use was developed for population genetics or statistics and is not entirely appropriate for landscape genetics. Probabilistic graph models provide a statistically rigorous and flexible means of constructing models directly applicable to landscape genetics. Probabilistic graph models also allow construction of mechanistic models, which are crucial elements in testing hypotheses. Sophisticated software exists for the analysis of graph models; however, much of it does not handle the types of data used for landscape genetics, model structures involving autoregressive spatial interaction between variables, or the scale of landscape genetics problems. Thus, an important priority for the field is to develop suitably flexible software tools for graph models that overcome these problems and allow landscape geneticists to explore meaningfully mechanistic and flexible models. We are developing such a library and applying it to examples in landscape genetics.
Oral vitamin K did not reduce bleeding in patients with excessive anticoagulation after receiving warfarin

Source Citation Crowther MA, Ageno W, Garcia D, et al. Oral vitamin K versus placebo to correct excessive anticoagulation in patients receiving warfarin: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;15...
Adaptive-modulation schemes for minimum outage probability in wireless systems

Adaptive-modulation schemes are designed that yield the minimum outage probability for wireless systems with strict delay constraints, under the assumption of perfect causal channel state information at the transmitter and receiver. Numerical results indicate that the proposed schemes significantly outperform adaptive schemes designed to maximize the average rate.
An application of compressive sensing for image fusion

Compressive sensing (CS) has inspired significant interests because of its compressive capability and lack of complexity on the sensor side. This paper introduces a novel framework of image fusion based on the CS principle. First, we present a study of three sampling patterns and investigate their performance on CS reconstruction. We then propose a novel image fusion algorithm by using an improved sampling pattern. Finally, the CS-based image fusion approach is applied to various image modalities and evaluated both visually and in terms of fusion quality metrics. The simulations demonstrate that CS-based image fusion has a number of perceived advantages in comparison with image fusion in the multiresolution (MR) domain, providing a truly different and more advanced way for fusing multimodality images.
MATSAP: An automated analysis of stretch-attend posture in rodent behavioral experiments

Stretch-attend posture (SAP) occurs during risk assessment and is prevalent in common rodent behavioral tests. Measuring this behavior can enhance behavioral tests. For example, stretch-attend posture is a more sensitive measure of the effects of anxiolytics than traditional spatiotemporal indices. However, quantifying stretch-attend posture using human observers is time consuming, somewhat subjective, and prone to errors. We have developed MATLAB-based software, MATSAP, which is a quick, consistent, and open source program that provides objective automated analysis of stretch-attend posture in rodent behavioral experiments. Unlike human observers, MATSAP is not susceptible to fatigue or subjectivity. We assessed MATSAP performance with videos of male Swiss mice moving in an open field box and in an elevated plus maze. MATSAP reliably detected stretch-attend posture on par with human observers. This freely-available program can be broadly used by biologists and psychologists to accelerate neurological, pharmacological, and behavioral studies.
Does the Dodd-Frank Act reduce the conflict of interests of credit rating agencies?

Abstract I compare issuer-paid ratings, represented by Standard & Poor's (SP i.e., firms with a large bond issuance, larger firms, and low-performing firms. Further, I find evidence of a greater accuracy of S&P ratings relative to EJR ratings in the post-Act period as shown by the lower probability of large credit rating changes and rating reversals. Finally, I show that issuer-paid ratings are more concerned about providing timely ratings in the post-Dodd-Frank period, thus protecting their reputation as leading information providers, than investor-paid ratings. My results are robust to a wide battery of robustness tests.
Energy/performance design of memory hierarchies for processor-in-memory chips

Merging processors and memory into a single chip has the well-known benefits of allowing high-bandwidth and low-latency communication between processor and memory, and reducing energy consumption. As a result, many different systems based on what has been called Processor In Memory (PIM) architectures have been proposed [1, 3, 7, 8, 10, 12-16, 18].
Applications of Palladium-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions

Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions that form C–N bonds have become useful methods to synthesize anilines and aniline derivatives, an important class of compounds throughout chemical research. A key factor in the widespread adoption of these methods has been the continued development of reliable and versatile catalysts that function under operationally simple, user-friendly conditions. This review provides an overview of Pd-catalyzed N-arylation reactions found in both basic and applied chemical research from 2008 to the present. Selected examples of C–N cross-coupling reactions between nine classes of nitrogen-based coupling partners and (pseudo)aryl halides are described for the synthesis of heterocycles, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products, organic materials, and catalysts.
Russian 1998–2007 TFP decomposed: some inspiration emerging from inherited Soviet legacy

Using a recently developed stochastic Translog production function frontier model, technical inefficiency, technological progress and returns to scale are examined during Russia’s 1998–2007 cyclical expansion at the branch level including both the market and non-market economy. The service sector plus high skill-intensive goods production is shown to be relatively more efficient than traditional Soviet era goods sectors. Technical efficiency decreases markedly over the expansion while technological progress is quite high (23 %) suggesting an expanding frontier leaving many branches behind as the economy adjusts away from the early transition era. Much greater attention to human capital policies are suggested to foster intensive growth in an environment of low oil and gas prices.