cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Remains: Geoffrey Hartman and the Shock of Imagination1This essay is a shortened and modified version of Chapter 3 of my Theory at Yale: The Strange Case of Deconstruction in America (New York: Fordham University Press, 2015), and appears here with the kind permission of Fordham University Press.

This essay examines ways in which Geoffrey Hartman’s classic study Wordsworth’s Poetry (1964) troubles the notion of the imagination as an integral identity or power. Despite his book’s famous identification of the apocalyptic imagination with self-consciousness, Hartman makes legible the possibility that self-consciousness is a reaction formation to something akin to an experience of shock. Far from being an exaggerated instance of the egoistic sublime or of so-called Romantic ideology, this violent, haunted, and rhetorically complex imagination operates on the near side of trauma and seems in its most intense manifestations a non-human, even non-animate force.
Exome sequencing identifies recurrent mutations in NF1 and RASopathy genes in sun-exposed melanomas

We report on whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 213 melanomas. Our analysis established NF1, encoding a negative regulator of RAS, as the third most frequently mutated gene in melanoma, after BRAF and NRAS. Inactivating NF1 mutations were present in 46% of melanomas expressing wild-type BRAF and RAS, occurred in older patients and showed a distinct pattern of co-mutation with other RASopathy genes, particularly RASA2. Functional studies showed that NF1 suppression led to increased RAS activation in most, but not all, melanoma cases. In addition, loss of NF1 did not predict sensitivity to MEK or ERK inhibitors. The rebound pathway, as seen by the induction of phosphorylated MEK, occurred in cells both sensitive and resistant to the studied drugs. We conclude that NF1 is a key tumor suppressor lost in melanomas, and that concurrent RASopathy gene mutations may enhance its role in melanomagenesis.
Development of a Highly Sensitive Label-Free Nucleic Acid Biosensor

We have demonstrated the development of a highly sensitive label-free nucleic acid biosensor based on a unique open optical micro-cavity using a photonic crystal structure in a total-internal-reflection configuration.
Fungus Communities Associated with Leaf Surfaces of Endemic Vascular Plants in Hawaii

SUMMARYThree vascular plants endemic in native forests of the Hawaiian Islands were assessed for their phylloplane fungal communities. The taxa comprising the populations of the three communities a...
Asexual Reproduction of Plasmodium Cynomolgi in Rhesus Monkeys

and original work, the reader is referred to the publications by Sinton and Mulligan (1933a and b) and Sinton (1934). Later, Afridi (1938) observed that the proportion of 2 broods in a given infection may be different before and after the parasite decline; that segmenters, including crisis forms, first appear during the parasite decline; that the asexual cycle may be irregular; and that seg-
Relationship between “Spreading Factor” and Hyaluronidase.

SummaryEvidence is presented to show that hyaluronidase and “spreading factor” exhibit certain attributes in common. However, there is also considerable evidence that “spreading factor” does not owe its activity solely to the presence of hyaluronidase. It would seem probable that the phenomenon of “spreading” is a complex one and that several factors may be involved in its production. Further work is required to explain the mechanism of “spreading” in terms of known chemical and physico-chemical reactions.
Adolescent-Parent College Aspiration Discrepancies and Changes in Depressive Symptoms

There is a growing interest in identifying stressors affecting adolescents and the conditions under which they compromise well-being. This study uses Waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Stu...
Study on determination of different preservatives in food simultaneously by gas chromatography

Objective:One analytical method was established in which various preservatives in food were determined simultaneously by one test.Methods: Acidified samples were extracted by ether,then the extract components were qualified and quantified by capillary gas chromatography.Results: The different preservatives including sorbic acid,benzoic acid,dehydroacetic acid,methylparaben,ethylparaben,propylparaben and butyl p-hydroxybenzoate could be determined by one injection,and the linear relation between peak area and concentration of each component was good within concentration range from 0～500 mg/kg;the recoveries were varied from 94.0%～102.7%,RSD was less than 3.5%;and the detection limits of these components were 0.03 ng,0.03 ng,0.05 ng,0.04 ng,0.04 ng,0.05 ng and 0.05 ng in turn.Conclusion: This method could be applied in convenient and accurate determination of sorbic acid,benzoic acid,dehydroacetic acid,methylparaben,ethylparaben,propylparaben and butyl p-hydroxybenzoate in food.
Mechanical Properties Study of Artificially Frozen Soil in Tunnel Engineering of Guangzhou Metro

In the ground freezing,natural soil becomes frozen soil,and its mechanical properties have a remarkable change.The mechanical parameters of frozen soil in metro tunnel are the basis of freezing wall design and tunnel excavation.Analyses of the test results show:(1) Under the same soil condition,the lower the temperature,the higher the uniaxial compressive strength.(2) When the creep stress is less than the long-term strength of frozen soil,the creep equation can be expressed as e=AσBtC,but when the creep stress is greater,this equation is invalid.(3)The diminishing of the frozen soil strength is quick in the initial stage of loading,therefore,the long-term strength of frozen soil in the design must be considered,and it cannot be replaced by the instantaneous strength.(4) In the open system,the frost heave and thaw strain of silty clay is the greatest with a value of 26.88%,17.19%,respectively.
Measurement of effective thermal conductivity of glass fibre blanket standard reference material

Abstract This paper describes the results of thermal conductivity measurements at temperatures from 84 K to 360 K on a glass fibreblanket insulation which is intended to be a Standard Material (SRM). The measurements were performed in an atmosphere of dry nitrogen at a pressure near 84 kPa (630 mm Hg). The results are analysed and compared to literature data for similar material.
Development and the Environment

Political commentators have been divided over the influence of environmental issues on voting behaviour during the past decade. However, in 1993 there was broad agreement that, in the context of a major economic recession, the environment played a far less important role. This paper, by analysing the election campaign, recent policies on development and the environment, as well as survey data explores the following hypotheses: the campaign, particularly by the Australian Labor Party, over green issues was far weaker in 1993 than in other recent elections; the environment has been demoted as a political issue; in the long term, the environment remains a salient issue; and there is a strong tendency towards seeing the environment and development as complementary rather than opposed.
Risk factors for the development of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation

Background : Acute rejection has emerged as an important risk factor for obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. We performed a multivariate analysis to assess the impact of additional variables. Methods : Seventy-four recipients (48 heart-lung, 18 single-lung, and 8 bilateral-lung recipients) who survived longer than 90 days and underwent transplantation more than 15 months before data analysis were included in this study. Several variables were entered into a Cox regression analysis to determine their association with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Results : Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome developed in 48 (65%) of 74 patients. Significant correlations were detected for acute rejection score, defined as the sum of pathologic grades of each separate acute rejection episode (p = 0.0004, likelihood ratio test value = 12.4) and for lymphocytic bronchiolitis (p = 0.03). In a bivariate model, episodes of organizing pneumonia and bacterial or fungal pneumonia significantly increased the likelihood ratio test value of the acute rejection score. The addition of the cytomegalovirus infection score, reflecting the frequency and severity of infection, to the combination of the acute rejection score and episodes of bacterial or fungal pneumonia resulted in a further significant increase in the likelihood ratio test value. Significant risk factors for moderate to severe stages of airflow limitation were at least one episode of acute rejection of grade ≥2, younger recipient age, and any acute rejection episode 180 days or longer after transplantation. Conclusions : Increasing frequency and severity of acute rejection episodes are strongly associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Lymphocytic bronchiolitis appeared to be significant by univariate analysis, but in a two-risk factor model, it did not augment the influence of acute rejection. Organizing pneumonia, bacterial or fungal pneumonia, and increasing severity and frequency of cytomegalovirus infections potentiate the effect of acute rejection. Late episodes of acute rejection and younger recipient age increase the risk for development of advanced disease.
Review: orlistat, sibutramine, and rimonabant reduce weight in overweight and obese persons.

Source Citation Rucker D, Padwal R, Li SK, Curioni C, Lau DC. Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007;335:1194-9. 18006966
Metallurgical Factors Influencing the Susceptibility of Hydrogen Assisted Cracking in Dissimilar Metal Welds for Application Under Cathodic Protection

Dissimilar metal weld (DMW) overlays of Nickel-based filler metals on low-alloy steel pipes are used in the oil and gas industry in order to eliminate the need for field post weld heat treatment (PWHT) of adjacent closure welds. Brittle failures have been reported along some of these DMW interfaces, especially in AISI 8630-IN625 weld combinations during subsea service under cathodic protection (CP). These failures have been attributed to hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) due to local hydrogen embrittlement of susceptible microstructures that form at the fusion boundary during welding and PWHT. Testing at The Ohio State University using the delayed hydrogen cracking test (DHCT) has concluded that this type of HAC is strongly affected by the base metal/filler metal combination, and by the welding and PWHT procedures. These controlling factors determine the microstructures that form at the fusion boundary. Thermo-CalcTM and DictraTM software was used to simulate the above-mentioned controlling factors. Based on the simulations conducted, carbon concentration near the fusion boundary was monitored closely. The results of the simulations yielded results that correlate well with DHCT experiments. Also, the controlling factors of HAC can be optimized to reduce the accumulation of carbon at the fusion boundary.
WIDE HOST RANGE PLASMID PROBE FOR THE HETEROLOGOUS TRANSMISSION OF Escherichia coli lac GENES

El operon lac de Escherichia coli , es un sistema genetico que ha sido util para elucidar principios basicos de variacion y expresion genetica y para la construccion de cepas microbianas de proyeccion industrial. En este contexto, hemos derivado por clonacion in vivo, un plasmidio de amplio rango de hospedero (pUCV3), que contiene los genes lac de E. coli , los cuales pueden ser ahora transmitidos con facilidad a todos los microorganismos capaces de incorporar replicones IncPa, grupo de compatibilidad al que pertenece pUCV3. Como ejemplo este plasmidio fue transmitido a bacterias marinas y a Cytophaga johnsonae , microorganismos en los cuales se aparecio la expresion regulada del sistema lac . En consecuencia, pUCV3 puede ser usado como sonda para evaluar el comportamiento del operon lac en variados transfondos geneticos microbianos.
Triple‐shape‐memory polymer films created by forced‐assembly multilayer coextrusion

Triple-shape-memory polymers are capable of memorizing two temporary shapes and sequentially recovering from the first temporary shape to the second temporary shape and eventually to the permanent shape upon exposure to a stimulus. In this study, unique three-component, multilayered films with an ATBTA configuration [where A is polyurethane (PU), B is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and T is poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)] were produced as a triple-shape-memory material via a forced-assembly multilayer film coextrusion process from PU, EVA, and PVAc. The two well-separated thermal transitions of the PU–EVA–PVAc film, the melting temperature of EVA and the glass-transition temperature of PVAc, allow for the fixing of the two temporary shapes. The cyclic thermomechanical testing results confirm that the 257-layered PU–EVA–PVAc films possessed outstanding triple-shape-memory performance in terms of the shape fixity and shape-recovery ratios. This approach allowed greater design flexibility and simultaneous adjustment of the mechanical and shape-memory properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44405.
Optimization of identity operation in NMR spectroscopy via genetic algorithm: Application to the TEDOR experiment

Identity operation in the form of π pulses is widely used in NMR spectroscopy. For an isolated single spin system, a sequence of even number of π pulses performs an identity operation, leaving the spin state essentially unaltered. For multi-spin systems, trains of π pulses with appropriate phases and time delays modulate the spin Hamiltonian to perform operations such as decoupling and recoupling. However, experimental imperfections often jeopardize the outcome, leading to severe losses in sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that a newly designed Genetic Algorithm (GA) is able to optimize a train of π pulses, resulting in a robust identity operation. As proof-of-concept, we optimized the recoupling sequence in the transferred-echo double-resonance (TEDOR) pulse sequence, a key experiment in biological magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR for measuring multiple carbon-nitrogen distances. The GA modified TEDOR (GMO-TEDOR) experiment with improved recoupling efficiency results in a net gain of sensitivity up to 28% as tested on a uniformly 13C, 15N labeled microcrystalline ubiquitin sample. The robust identity operation achieved via GA paves the way for the optimization of several other pulse sequences used for both solid- and liquid-state NMR used for decoupling, recoupling, and relaxation experiments.
Hydroxylation of n-alkanes to secondary alcohols and their esterification in the grasshopper Melanoplussanguinipes

Labeled n-alkanes administered to the grasshopper Melanoplussanguinipes are hydroxylated at or near the middle of the carbon chain. The secondary alcohols formed are then esterified. Chain length specificity is evident in both the hydroxylation of n-alkanes and the esterification of secondary alcohols, with the shorter chain C23, C21, C19, and C25 compounds converted to secondary alcohol wax esters more readily than the longer chain C27, C29, and C31 compounds. Secondary alcohols and ketones are not reduced to alkanes.
Financing the United Nations: Explaining variation in how donors provide funding to the UN

When donors contemplate providing financial support to United Nations institutions they encounter a menu of funding options. Some UN institutions require mandatory dues, but most rely substantially on voluntary contributions, which donors can choose to earmark for specific purposes. How donors provide resources has widespread effects on the authority of UN governing bodies, donor control over UN programs, and the efficiency of UN operations. What explains how donors choose to fund UN programs and agencies? We advance a theory that emphasizes member state preferences over the affordability and policy substance of IO activity. Using data from two novel experiments and a case study of U.S. funding practices toward the United Nations (1945–1980s), we provide mixed-method evidence showing that a state is more likely to provide voluntary contributions when its preferences over the affordability and policy of IO activity differ from those of the governing coalition and more likely to provide mandatory contributions when its preferences are consistent with those of the governing coalition. Further, we demonstrate that preferences over policy substance are particularly important in explaining recent trends in donor earmarking.
Ferromagnetism in La Co O 3

A systematic investigation of the low-temperature magnetic properties of $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has demonstrated a ferromagnetism with ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}85\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ from surface cobalt atoms. The experimental investigation involved comparison of the magnetic susceptibility of (1) a single crystal, (2) a powder ground from the same crystal, and (3) a cold-pressed pellet from the ground powder that was unannealed and annealed at $400\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ followed by a later anneal at $1000\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$. The low-temperature magnetic susceptibility was found to have three contributions: a Curie-Weiss paramagnetism, a thermally driven spin-state transition, and a surface-related ferromagnetism with ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}85\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The ferromagnetic component has a remanence and coercivity at $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ that increases dramatically with increasing surface/volume ratio of the different samples. The presence of the surface ferromagnetism explains the discrepancies of the low-temperature magnetic susceptibility reported by different groups. An anion coordination at surface Co(III) ions that differs from that of the bulk cobalt is shown to be capable of stabilizing higher spin states. A ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}85\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ is argued to be too low for ferromagnetic coupling by oxidized clusters, and possible mechanisms for a ferromagnetic coupling between higher-spin Co(III) ions are discussed.
A Bond Graph Modelling Of Pneumatic Passive And Semiactive Vehicle Suspensions

AbstractSemi-active suspensions (as opposed to purely active or passive) have recently been successfully applied to the vibration isolation of ground transportation vehicles [1,3,4,5]. In the present work, a digital computer model of a vehicle incorporating passive and semi-active suspensions is developed using bond-graph modeling techniques. Special attention has been devoted to the modeling of a pneumatic semi-active actuator consisting of a piston-cylinder combination and a controller, composed of an electromagnetic torque motor and a valve. A two-port C-field was used to model actuator compliances caused by air compressibility and air flows, whereas a CR-field summarized the control valve action. From the developed bond graph model the set of corresponding nonlinear differential equations describing the semi-actively suspended vehicle was easily obtained.
The blind men and the elephant examine biodiversity at low‐head dams: Are we all dealing with the same dam reality?

Dams are ubiquitous environmental impacts that threaten aquatic ecosystems. The ability to compare across research studies is essential to conserve the native biodiversity that is impacted by the millions of low-head dams that currently fragment streams and rivers. Here, we identify a previously unaddressed obstacle that impedes this generalization. Specifically, divergent spatial and taxonomic approaches that result from different conceptualizations of the dam-biodiversity problem can produce conflicting science-based conclusions about the same dam impact. In this research, using the same dammed and undammed sites, we evaluated the scientific generality of different conceptualizations of the dam-biodiversity problem. We compared two different but commonly used spatial approaches—(1) above dam–below dam vs. (2) undammed–dammed comparisons—and 11 different, commonly used taxonomic approaches (three assemblage summaries, eight guilds). Sites above the dam structure had less diverse fish assemblages than sites below dams, whereas sites below the dam structure were similar to undammed sites. Thus, spatial approach 1 detected a large dam effect and spatial approach 2 detected a small dam effect. Similarly, some taxonomic responses (species richness, diversity, abundance, and number of guilds) detected large dam effects; other responses detected small (riffle specialist guild) or no dam effects (pool generalists). In summary, our results showed that how the problem was framed altered scientific conclusions and created different dam realities. The metaphor of how individual blind men disagree about the structure of an elephant, based on examinations of different body parts, reinforces the need for a coordinated, holistic perspective on dam research. Although no single approach is adequate for all problems, identifying the form, consequences of, and relationships among different research conceptualizations will set the stage for future syntheses of dam-biodiversity research to advance science-based conservation.
A Transcriptional Regulatory Network Containing Nuclear Receptors and Long Noncoding RNAs Controls Basal and Drug-Induced Expression of Cytochrome P450s in HepaRG Cells

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are responsible for metabolizing drugs. Expression of P450s can directly affect drug metabolism, resulting in various outcomes in therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. Several nuclear receptors are transcription factors that can regulate expression of P450s at both basal and drug-induced levels. Some long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) near a transcription factor are found to participate in the regulatory functions of the transcription factors. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a transcriptional regulatory network containing nuclear receptors and lncRNAs controlling both basal and drug-induced expression of P450s in HepaRG cells. Small interfering RNAs or small hairpin RNAs were applied to knock down four nuclear receptors [hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)] as well as two lncRNAs [HNF1α antisense RNA 1 (HNF1α-AS1) and HNF4α antisense RNA 1 (HNF4α-AS1)] in HepaRG cells with or without treatment of phenobarbital or rifampicin. Expression of eight P450 enzymes was examined in both basal and drug-induced levels. CAR and PXR mainly regulated expression of specific P450s. HNF1α and HNF4α affected expression of a wide range of P450s as well as other transcription factors. HNF1α and HNF4α controlled the expression of their neighborhood lncRNAs, HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1, respectively. HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 was also involved in the regulation of P450s and transcription factors in diverse manners. Altogether, our study concludes that a transcription regulatory network containing the nuclear receptors and lncRNAs controls both basal and drug-induced expression of P450s in HepaRG cells.
Animal Organization as a Problem in Cell Form

Early exponents of the cell theory considered the cell to be more than the basic unit of reproduction or synthetic activity. The words of Virchow clearly suggest an atomistic role for the cell (to compare cells with the building blocks of classical chemistry):“Every animal appears as a sum of vital units, each of which bears in itself the complete characteristics of life” (Virchow quoted in Wilson, 1928). This fundamental or unitary interpretation of the cell was attacked by Whitman in his delightful essay, ‘The inadequacy of the cell theory of development’ (Whitman, 1893). He pointed out, among other things, that structures which are multicellular in certain animals may be formed from fewer or even a single cell in other species. His comments on the then current views are pertinent even today: “We are so captured with the personality of the cell that we habitually draw a boundary line around it, and question the testimony of our microscopes when we fail to find such an indication of isolation”. Perhaps the most dramatic extremes of what one might call sub- or non-cellular differentiation are to be found among the Protozoa, especially the ciliates, which may contain whole “organ systems” within the limits of a single reproductive unit, leading some to regard these creatures as acellular rather than unicellular animals. Another observation disturbing to a building block concept of the cell is differentiation without cleavage as studied by Lillie (1906) in the marine annelid Chaetopterus. Though imperfect, larval structures may be formed, under appropriate conditions, in the complete absence of cell (but not nuclear) division.
On the relation between applied behavior analysis and positive behavioral support

Anderson and Freeman (2000) recently defined positive behavioral support (PBS) as a systematic approach to the delivery of clinical and educational services that is rooted in behavior analysis. However, the recent literature contains varied definitions of PBS as well as discrepant notions regarding the relation between applied behavior analysis and PBS. After summarizing common definitional characteristics of PBS from the literature, we conclude that PBS is comprised almost exclusively of techniques and values originating in applied behavior analysis. We then discuss the relations between applied behavior analysis and PBS that have been proposed in the literature. Finally, we discuss possible implications of considering PBS a field separate from applied behavior analysis.
Amelioration of selenium toxicity by arsenicals and cysteine.

Young chicks exhibited a 61% reduction in weight gain when a corn-soybean meal diet was supplemented with 15 mg/kg Se provided as Na selenite. The same level of Se provided as selenomethionine depressed weight gain by 32%. Supplementing the high selenite diet with isoarsenous (14 mg/kg As) additions of As2O5, As2O3, phenylarsonic acid, phenylarsine oxide and roxarsone ameliorated the Se-induced growth depression: As2O5 almost totally restored growth rate; As2O3, phenylarsonic acid and phenylarsine oxide gave intermediate responses; and roxarsone gave only a small ameliorative growth response. Arsanilic acid was without effect in stimulating growth rate of selenite-intoxicated chicks. Dietary addition of .4% L-cysteine produced a growth response in selenite intoxicated chicks that was somewhat greater than that obtained with roxarsone; administering both roxarsone and cysteine corrected growth better than either compound given singly. Both roxarsone and As2O5 also effectively ameliorated the Se-toxicity growth depression caused by selenomethionine (15 mg Se/kg) supplementation, but cysteine showed no efficacy against morbidity caused by this form of Se. Liver Se concentration was elevated 10-fold by selenite and 25-fold by selenomethionine supplementation. The arsenic compounds had varying effects on liver Se, whereas cysteine tended to increase Se concentration. These findings suggest that both inorganic and organic arsenicals as well as cysteine ameliorate selenium toxicity by different mechanisms.
On One Locus in the Plane

In this work we deal with the problem: determine the locus of the point P such that the feet of the perpendiculars from P to (extended) sides of a given planar quadrilateral ABCD are concyclic. In general the locus is a cubic curve. We get a correspondence between some types of quadrilaterals and some classes of cubic curves. In the paper we answer several questions: For which quadrilaterals is the searched locus a cubic curve and for which a conic? What are properties of the cubic? For which quadrilaterals is the cubic decomposable? Which quadrilaterals correspond to singular cubic curves? What happens if a quadrilateral is tangential?
A Dynamic Interplay within the Frontoparietal Network Underlies Rhythmic Spatial Attention.

Summary Classic studies of spatial attention assumed that its neural and behavioral effects were continuous over time. Recent behavioral studies have instead revealed that spatial attention leads to alternating periods of heightened or diminished perceptual sensitivity. Yet, the neural basis of these rhythmic fluctuations has remained largely unknown. We show that a dynamic interplay within the macaque frontoparietal network accounts for the rhythmic properties of spatial attention. Neural oscillations characterize functional interactions between the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), with theta phase (3–8 Hz) coordinating two rhythmically alternating states. The first is defined by FEF-dominated beta-band activity, associated with suppressed attentional shifts, and LIP-dominated gamma-band activity, associated with enhanced visual processing and better behavioral performance. The second is defined by LIP-specific alpha-band activity, associated with attenuated visual processing and worse behavioral performance. Our findings reveal how network-level interactions organize environmental sampling into rhythmic cycles.
Feasibility of Treating Adults with Ewing or Ewing-Like Sarcoma with Interval-Compressed Vincristine, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide Alternating with Ifosfamide and Etoposide.

BACKGROUND Vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VDC) alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) administered every 2 weeks demonstrated a superior event-free survival compared with 3-week dosing in a landmark pediatric trial and is now standard of care for younger patients. Only 12% of patients enrolled in that trial were over 18 years of age; thus, the feasibility of interval-compressed VDC/IE in adults remains poorly described. We conducted a retrospective analysis of our institutional experience using this regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacy administration records at Oregon Health and Science University were reviewed to identify patients with Ewing and Ewing-like sarcoma aged 18 years and older who received VDC/IE every 2 weeks. RESULTS We identified 24 patients. Median age was 28 years (range 18-60 years). At diagnosis, 67% had localized disease. The most common primary sites were extremity (38%) and pelvis (17%); another 25% had extraosseous disease. The median interval between cycles was 15.0 days, with no difference between patients aged <30 years versus ≥30 years. The median number of admissions for toxicity per patient was two, primarily for febrile neutropenia. Early treatment discontinuation occurred in 17%. Dose reductions were minimal, with mean cumulative doses achieved comparable to original planned dose and no difference between patients aged <30 years versus ≥30 years. CONCLUSION For adults with Ewing and Ewing-like sarcoma, administration of interval-compressed chemotherapy is feasible, without significant dose reductions required. Our results are comparable to prior studies involving a primarily pediatric population. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE For Ewing sarcoma, interval-compressed vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide administered every 2 weeks rather than every 3 weeks has been shown to improve event-free survival in pediatric patients. However, in adults, oncologists may be hesitant to pursue interval-compressed therapy because of concerns for feasibility. In the adult population in this study, a median interval between cycles of 15.0 days (mean 17.0 days) was achieved, comparable to the interval achieved in AEWS0031 (median 15.0, mean 17.3 days). Given that this was achieved without unexpected toxicity or substantial dose reductions and that clinical outcomes were favorable compared with adult historical controls, these results support the use of this regimen in adults.
Toward Personalized Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous disease with patients experiencing varying disease courses and response to therapy. Developing precision medicine approaches is of great interest and importance to improve care for IBD patients. Recent advances have the potential to change the way clinicians stratify patients and then select the most appropriate treatment based on an individualized assessment of risk of complications and drug response. In this chapter, we provide concluding remarks on the current evidence and potential for genomics in IBD care and future directions to bring precision medicine approaches to the clinic.
Prospective Analysis of Radiology Resource Utilization and Outcomes for Participation in Oncology Multidisciplinary Conferences.

Rationale and Objectives Radiology participation is necessary in oncology multidisciplinary conferences (MDCs), but the resources required to do so are often unaccounted for. In this prospective study we provide an analysis of resource utilization as a function of outcomes for all MDCs covered by an entire radiology section and provide a time-based cost estimate. Materials and Methods Following institutional review board approval, prospective data on all MDCs covered by abdominal radiologists at a single tertiary care academic center were obtained over nine weeks. A predefined questionnaire was used by a single observer who attended every imaging review and recorded the total time spent by the radiologists and several outcome measures. The total time recorded was used to provide a time-based cost estimate using a national salary survey. Results Six radiologists participated in a total of 57 MDCs, with 577 cases reviewed and discussed. 181 (31%) cases were performed at outside facilities requiring full reinterpretation. Clinically significant revisions to original reports were recorded in 107 (18.5%) cases. Radiologist input directly resulted in alteration of cancer staging in 65 (11%) patients and specific recommendations for follow-up diagnostic workup in 280 (48%) of cases. The mean total time devoted by the staff radiologist per week to MDCs was 18.7 hours/week, nearly a half of full-time effort, or 8% of total effort per radiologist. The total annual projected cost of radiology coverage for each weekly MDC was $26,920. Conclusion Section-wide radiologist participation in MDCs directly resulted in change in clinical management in nearly half of reviewed cases. This was achieved at a notable time cost, highlighting the need for efficient integration of radiology MDC participation into radiologist workflow and compensation models.
Registration and application of sea lamprey pheromones for sea lamprey control in the United States and Canada

Abstract Since the identification of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol as a lampricide in the 1950s, control of sea lamprey populations in the Great Lakes has largely relied on lampricides, barriers, and traps. Lampricide treatments target larval lampreys in tributaries of the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes Fishery Commission oversees sea lamprey control efforts and has invested in technologies that may target other life stages to provide a more integrated approach to sea lamprey control. One technology under development is the use of pheromones to alter behavior of spawning adults. Pheromones are considered biopesticides, which are substances made from naturally occurring products, or derived from living organisms, or a microorganism, that controls pests. We provide a review of sea lamprey management that led to the development of pheromone registration. We also describe the process used to register the first vertebrate pheromone, 3-ketopetromyzonal-24-sulfate (3kPZS) in the United States and Canada and its potential uses in sea lamprey control as a supplemental tool to chemical lampricides.
A comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions in phlegmasia cerulea dolens.

Objective Present an institution's experience in management of phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) with a review of the literature. Methods Beaumont Health's electronic record database was queried between July 2009 and November 2019 for inpatients with PCD. A comprehensive chart review was performed to verify the accuracy of the diagnosis and extract relevant parameters. Medians and proportions are reported. Results 22 patients met the criteria for PCD. 59% females. Median age 65 years (interquartile range [IQR] 22). Obesity was present in 45% of patients. 18 patients underwent either a single modality (55.5%) or a multimodality therapeutic approach (44.5%). Limb amputation was required in a third of patients who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis or percutaneous thrombectomy alone. Death was highest after percutaneous thrombectomy alone (66%) followed by pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis alone (50%). Conclusion Percutaneous interventions have become the mainstay in management of PCD as demonstrated in this large retrospective analysis and supported by literature review.
Malpractice in Outpatient Otolaryngology

Otolaryngology is an ever-changing practice. Staying abreast with societal recommendations while providing technologically current treatment paradigms remains a cornerstone of up-to-date patient care. This chapter reflects on the role of the otolaryngologist in the outpatient setting and details prior knowledge as it pertains to litigious inquiry. The hope of the authors is to provide objective data and clinical pearls useful while avoiding the courtroom. No knowledge outweighs the dynamic role of a practitioner patient relationship, but this chapter helps to fill gaps of knowledge regarding liability and litigation.
Predictors of Plant-Based Alternatives to Meat Consumption in Midwest University Students.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of plant-based alternatives to meat consumption in students at a Midwest university, describe associations between demographics, environmental concern attitudes, and consumption, and determine variables statistically associated with trying the plant-based alternatives. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional convenience sample; self-administered online surveys. SETTING College students at a Midwest university. PARTICIPANTS Currently enrolled students aged 18-30 taking courses on campus as of March 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plant-based alternative consumption; demographics; vegetarian status; environmental attitudes; influences on food choices; and trusted sources of food information. ANALYSIS Bivariate comparisons for consumption of plant-based alternatives; logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Fifty-five percent had tried a plant-based meat alternative. Top reasons were enjoying new foods and curiosity about the products. Out-of-state residency, vegetarian status, and 10 of 11 environmental attitude statements were significantly associated with plant-based alternative consumption (P < 0.05). About 30% of consumers indicated they wanted to eat less meat and that plant alternatives were better for the environment. Nonconsumers had less favorable views of meatless meals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study supports that positive environmental attitudes were predictive of plant-based alternative consumption among college students. Increased awareness and familiarity could encourage consumption among this population.
Executive Compensation, Political Economy, and Managerial Control: The Transformation of Managerial Incentive Structures and Ideology, 1950-2000

We characterize the period from the end of World War Two to the early 1980s as technocratic and the period since as proprietary. During the technocratic period, compensation differences between CEOs and senior management were "marginal" in that they reflected their economic contributions to the firm. This facilitated team cohesion among the senior managers, who, like the CEO, had membership "rights" to the board over which they, as a team, controlled. Though constrained by antitrust regulations, managers shared knowhow across industries and built a corporate-wide identity through a system of interlocking directorates. While this network educated its participants in corporate-wide issues, those within it still identified first and foremost with their firm, where they spent most of their career. Finally, managers continued to conceive of their profession as one that served a larger social good. First, they accepted a legal duty of care to further the interests of the corporation as a whole. An secondly, they a second fiduciary duty to advance democracy. In contrast, the coalesced proprietary system has encouraged managers to think of themselves as a special class of shareholders. The extensive use of stock options to supplement their base salary has contributed heavily to this shareholder (as opposed to technocratic) managerial self-definition. This occurred as managers weighted their compensation packages with stock options to take advantage of an explosive equities market and alterations in the tax code. As "insider shareholders" who aimed merely to enhance their personal fortunes, managers turned their internal labor market into a contest for the prized CEO position. The compensation differential between the one who wins and those who lose have become substantial. Indeed, winners receive packages so large that they enter into the truly privileged sector of the very rich - the top 1 percent of the general population.
Multi-resolution VQ: parameter meaning and choice

In multi-resolution source coding, a single code is used to give an embedded data description that may be decoded at a variety of rates. Recent work in practical multi-resolution coding treats the optimal design of fixed- and variable-rate tree-structured vector quantizers for multi-resolution coding. In that work the codes are optimized for a designer-specified priority schedule over the system rates, distortions, or slopes. The method relies on a collection of parameters, which may be difficult to choose. This paper explores the meaning and choice of the multi-resolution source coding parameters.
Identification of a group-reactive epitope of group B rotaviruses recognized by monoclonal antibody and application to the development of a sensitive immunoassay for viral characterization.

Group B rotaviruses (GBRs) are fastidious agents which cause enteric disease in humans and a number of other animal species. Detailed study of the role of GBRs in human disease has been hampered by the lack of immunoreagents suitable for large-scale studies. We developed a monoclonal antibody which recognizes a group-reactive antigen contained in a number of strains of GBRs. When utilized in conjunction with a hyperimmune guinea pig antiserum to GBR, this monoclonal antibody can be used in an enzyme immunoassay system to detect a wide range of GBRs. Alternatively, this monoclonal antibody can be combined with sera obtained from GBR-infected animals to devise assays which are largely specific for the homologous strain of GBR. Reactivity was not noted in either system with strains of group A or group C rotaviruses or with other members of the family Reoviridae. These results indicate that GBRs contain both group-reactive and species-specific antigens which are distinct from those found in group A rotaviruses. The availability of well-defined immunoreagents will facilitate detailed studies of GBR infections in humans and animals. Images
The Role of Declarative Languages in Mining Biological Databases

Biological and biomedical databases have become a primary application area for data mining. Such databases commonly involve multiple relational tables and a variety of data types, as in the biological databases that formed the basis for the KDD Cup 2001 and 2002 competitions. The diversity of such "multi-relational" data is likely to increase dramatically in the near future. For example, patient records at major medical institutions are being augmented to include a variety of genetic data, including data on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mRNA levels from gene expression microarrays, in addition to clinical data. Data mining tools based on declarative languages are able to naturally integrate data of diverse types, from multiple tables, to arrive at novel discoveries.
Lee model with several V-particles

A generalized Lee model, with several bare V-particles V1,...,V n interacting with N+θ via Yukawa interactions with independent cut-off functions, is solved in the N-θ sector by explicit construction of the Fredholm determinant for the sector. The generalized Levinson theorem is derived, and the equivalence between a separable N-θ potential and a limiting case of Yukawa coupling V⇋N+0 is established. The problem of wave function renormalization is analysed; renormalized fields corresponding to physical particles are constructed.
Comparison of Growth Requirements of Two Human Intratumoral Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines in Monolayer and Soft Agarose

The human colon, intratumoral subpopulations HCT 116 and HCT 116a were established in chemically defined medium supplemented with transferrin, insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, and sodium selenite. The responsiveness of the adapted cell lines to these growth factors was compared in anchorage-dependent and -independent assays. HCT 116 cells maintained in serum-free conditions were further adapted to growth factor deprivation, and the effects of these polypeptides were determined in anchorage-independent assays. In monolayer, HCT 116 cells adapted to grow in serum-free medium responded to transferrin but not to EGF or insulin. Similarly adapted HCT 116a cells were, however, insensitive to transferrin addition but manifested a 300 and 500% increase in growth rates with EGF and insulin, respectively. Optimal growth of HCT 116 cells was seen in the presence of insulin and transferrin, while maximum proliferation of HCT 116a cells depended on combined insulin, transferrin, and EGF. In soft agarose, both HCT 116 and HCT 116a subpopulations showed a stringent requirement for transferrin. No combination of growth factors without transferrin supported colony formation. These data suggest that (a) these colon tumor subpopulations may be subject to separate growth controls, and (b) there may be an important role for transferrin in anchorage-independent growth and possibly in the maintenance of malignant characteristics.
Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. A Study in Frozen Human Bone-Patellar Ligament-Bone Grafts Obtained from Infected Cadavera.

We studied the effects of several different doses of gamma radiation, ranging from 20,000 to 40,000 gray (2.0 to 4.0 megarad), with respect to the inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus in fresh-frozen, whole bone-patellar ligament-bone grafts. Although the International Atomic Energy Agency has recommended the use of 25,000 gray of gamma radiation for the sterilization of medical products, the dose required for the inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus in frozen allografts has not been established. Using one of the most sensitive and specific tests for the detection of the human immunodeficiency virus, the polymerase-chain-reaction test, we found that doses of 20,000 or 25,000 gray of gamma radiation did not destroy the genes of the human immunodeficiency virus effectively; DNA of the virus was detectable in the DNA of bone-marrow tissue obtained from grafts treated with these doses. However, DNA of the human immunodeficiency virus was not detectable in the grafts treated with 30,000 or 40,000 gray of gamma radiation. We conclude that a dose of 30,000 gray of gamma radiation or more is necessary for the sterilization of a fresh-frozen bone-patellar ligament-bone allograft, so that it can be used for reconstructive procedures without the risk of transmission of the virus to the recipient.