cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability to relative sea-level rise in the Po river delta (Italy)

Abstract Relative sea-level rise poses one of the greatest threats to transitional coastal systems around the world and it is due to changes in both sea level and terrestrial elevation. Although expected sea-level rise due to climate change is the most widespread concern, the effect of land subsidence can be much greater. Analyses of coastal vulnerability to relative sea-level rise generally neglect or over-simplify land subsidence patterns affecting large areas. This can lead to inaccurate assessments of vulnerability that do not take account of the spatial variability of ground movements. The Po delta (Italy) is a highly distinctive example of a transitional coastal environment, which hosts an extensive range of habitats and biodiversity together with archaeological and historical sites. Relative sea-level rise significantly threatens the delta, mostly due to uneven subsidence rates ranging from a few mm/yr to more than 20 mm/yr. This study is aimed at exploring the vulnerability of the Po river delta to relative sea-level rise, considering the heterogeneity of present land subsidence, various sea-level rise scenarios and the hydro-morphological setting, by means of an index-based model. The analysis shows almost 50% of the Po delta (~500 km2) currently at critical-extreme vulnerability to relative sea-level rise, exceeding 80% (~800 km2) by 2050. The model indicates uneven distribution of vulnerability over agricultural, submerged and intertidal, urbanized and forested areas due to land subsidence variability along with the complex hydro-morphological setting of the Po delta area. Considering an average subsidence value instead of the actual uneven pattern, vulnerability is over- and under-estimated in the inland and lagoon sectors respectively.
Computer Vision-based Algae Removal Planner for Multi-robot Teams

Water pollution has caused increased incidence of algal growth around the globe. Harmful algae blooms result in massive economic losses. In this paper, a multi-robot based task planner is designed to remove excessive algae from water bodies and to identify algae build-up so that prompt action can be taken against its accumulation. Computer vision is incorporated to enable algae detection and area estimation based on training, comparing, and evaluating various advanced deep learning models using our custom algae dataset. We further propose a novel algorithm for robot resource allocation between bounding boxes of detected algae based on multivariable optimization. This systematic solution is evaluated in a simulated environment, demonstrating how the robots are optimally assigned to the detected algae patches for algae removal.
Von verblichenen Fotos und ratternden Projektoren – Zur Anti-Dokumentarästhetik in Christian Krachts Imperium

Christian Krachts Asthetik wird kaum mit dem Schlagwort des Dokumentarischen in Verbindung gebracht. Doch gerade der Roman Imperium zeigt, dass Kracht Bezuge auf dokumentarische Medien wie Fotografie oder Film in den Text einbaut, dabei aber ihren dokumentarischen Charakter ad absurdum fuhrt. Damit stellt er nicht nur jeden Weltbezug seines Romans infrage, sondern thematisiert zugleich die spezifischen Eigenschaften der Literatur. Dieser Beitrag verwendet daher den Begriff des Dokumentarischen als ein Kontrastmittel, das die spezifische Negierung jeden Weltbezugs in Imperium sichtbar macht. Der Fokus liegt dabei zunachst auf der Fotografie und der Art und Weise, wie in Imperium historische Dokumente – ein Foto des historischen August Engelhardt dient als Beispiel – literarisiert werden. Im Anschluss wird die Reflektion des Mediums Film, die der Text an verschiedenen Stellen anbietet, genauer ins Auge gefasst. In beiden Fallen zeigt Imperium, dass ein einfacher Bezug auf die Realitat in beiden Medien nur Fiktion ist.
Joint Industry Academia Collaborative Efforts in Workforce Development for the Power Industry

This paper summarizes workforce development efforts that are underway in the Carolinas with the help of a regional industry-led consortium, namely, “The Center for Advanced Power Engineering Research (CAPER).” The three CAPER university members, Clemson University, NC State University, and UNC Charlotte, have met on a number of occasions to discuss the different aspects of workforce development efforts. We describe the entire process, from core competencies needed to how and where the training should be done. For individuals aspiring to work in the power industry, in addition to possessing a strong knowledge in the fundamentals of power engineering, there are several other attributes that the industry looks for in a potential candidate. While industry is mostly clear on what attributes they look for in their new employee candidates, the challenge for universities is to build the right curriculum, offer opportunities to develop the soft skills, provide interaction with industry and build a spirit of collaboration among students in order to prepare them for future careers in power engineering. This paper also discusses a variety of university perspectives and experience with developing the curriculum and the different ways to involve all industry stakeholders in the educational process.
Six-Month Outcomes for Patients Bridged to Heart Transplantation with Veno-Arterial Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation before and after the Heart Allocation Policy Change

Purpose The recent change in the UNOS heart allocation policy was intended to prioritize heart transplantation (HT) for the sickest patients based on hemodynamic (HD) criteria and the need for temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS). Patients meeting HD criteria and requiring veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for circulatory support are designated as Status 1. Here, we report on 6-month outcomes and patient characteristics before and after the implementation of the heart allocation policy change in patients bridged to HT with VA-ECMO. Methods 60 patients were identified in the UNOS database that were bridged to HT with VA-ECMO during a six-month period immediately before and after the policy change. Comparisons between patient characteristics in the pre (N=28) and post (N=32) policy-change cohorts are reported using standard statistical methods; survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results Mean age was greater in the post-policy change group (46.1 ± 18.0 vs 34.6 ± 24.8 years, p=0.042). Median (interquartile range) time on the wait list was significantly shorter following the policy change [32.0 (14.0, 90.5) days vs 4.0 (2.0, 16.5) days, p Conclusion The heart allocation policy change significantly decreased wait-list times in patients bridged to HT with VA-ECMO without any observed difference in 6-month post-HT survival.
Cancer Screening for Transgender and Gender Diverse Patients

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge base for sex-trait related cancer risks and screening guidelines as applied in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations with an emphasis on the potential impact of gender-affirming hormonal and surgical therapies. Additionally, this review will address access to screening services and patient-friendly adaptations to screening approaches for this population. While breast cancer incidence is higher among transfeminine persons relative to genotypic males, it still remains significantly lower than that of genotypic females. As chest masculinization surgery performed in transmasculine persons may leave behind breast tissue, there is still a cancer risk. Mammography may not be feasible in a contoured chest and alternative approaches should be considered. Endometrial and ovarian cancers do not appear to have increased incidence in transmasculine persons who receive testosterone. Gender-affirming hormone therapy may be protective in prostate cancer risk in transfeminine persons. Lastly, prevalent societal constraints and outright discrimination of TGD persons in health care settings may limit patients from seeking necessary screening examinations. Some may opt out of screening because of emotional or physical discomfort associated with incongruence between screened anatomy and gender identity. Overall, the incidence of sex steroid–influenced cancers among TGD persons appears to be low, but gender-affirming therapies may influence cancer risk. Additionally, the patient experience and potential barriers in access should also be considered in the development of TGD-specific screening guidelines.
Bridging Anticoagulation with Mechanical Heart Valves: Current Guidelines and Clinical Decisions

The management of patients with mechanical heart valves who require surgery or invasive procedures is a common clinical scenario in contemporary practice. The risk of thromboembolism versus the risk of bleeding is the foundation of optimal patient care. Randomized, controlled trials are not available; yet, there is a wealth of experience to guide best practice. Current guidelines represent a compilation of data from trials of atrial fibrillation and expert opinion. Results from the PERI-OP trial of patients with either a mechanical heart valve, atrial fibrillation, or atrial flutter requiring interruption of oral anticoagulant therapy for surgery will inform clinical practice. Patient-specific factors and valve-specific factors are paramount when deciding whether a period of anticoagulant therapy interruption is safe. Similarly, the safety and efficacy of bridging anticoagulant therapy and the optimal time after surgery for restarting oral anticoagulants is vital to optimal patient care.
Islam in West Africa: Diffusion and Growth

This chapter discusses the processes of West African Islamization as a combination of factors including the reaction of West Africans to Islam as the faith continues to provide a multitude of opportunities. Spanning from the seventh century, Islam remains essential to trading opportunities, cultural transmissions, education, and knowledge production and also providing a moral code through which Muslims should live their lives. It also shows how the process of Islamization gained momentum once colonialism was established. Essentially, Islam’s utilitarian values such as the spiritual and social services and its tolerance to accommodate West African customs and traditions and as well as its promise of heaven persistently make it attractive to many West Africans.
Dopamine D1 receptor stimulates cathepsin K-dependent degradation and resorption of collagen I in lung fibroblasts.

Matrix resorption is essential to the clearance of ECM after normal wound healing. A disruption in these processes constitutes a main component of fibrotic diseases, characterized by excess deposition and diminished clearance of fibrillar ECM proteins such as collagen type I. The mechanisms and stimuli regulating ECM resorption in the lung remain poorly understood. Recently, agonism of Dopamine Receptor D1 (DRD1), which is predominantly expressed on fibroblasts in the lung, has been shown to accelerate tissue repair and clearance of ECM following bleomycin injury in mice. Therefore, we investigated whether DRD1 receptor signaling promotes the degradation of collagen type I by lung fibroblasts. In cultured fibroblasts we found that DRD1 agonism enhances extracellular cleavage, internalization and lysosomal degradation of collagen I mediated by Cathepsin K, which results in reduced stiffness of cell-derived matrices measured by atomic force microscopy. In vivo agonism of DRD1 similarly enhanced fibrillar collagen degradation by fibroblasts, as assessed by tissue labelling with a collagen hybridizing peptide. Together these results implicate DRD1 agonism in fibroblast-mediated collagen clearance, suggesting an important role for this mechanism in fibrosis resolution.
Increases in Bdnf DNA Methylation in the Prefrontal Cortex Following Aversive Caregiving Are Reflected in Blood Tissue

Child maltreatment not only leads to epigenetic changes, but also increases the risk of related behavioral deficits and mental disorders. These issues presumably are most closely associated with epigenetic changes in the brain, but epigenetic changes in peripheral tissues like blood are often examined instead, due to their accessibility. As such, the reliability of using the peripheral epigenome as a proxy for that of the brain is imperative. Previously, our lab has found aberrant methylation at the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene in the prefrontal cortex of rats following aversive caregiving. The current study examined whether aversive caregiving alters Bdnf DNA methylation in the blood compared to the prefrontal cortex. It was revealed that DNA methylation associated with adversity increased in both tissues, but this methylation was not correlated between tissues. These findings indicate that group trends in Bdnf methylation between blood and the brain are comparable, but variation exists among individual subjects.
Leisure Awareness & Action

Abstract This article describes a program called Leisure Awareness and Action Program (LAAP), which has been used to enhance cohesion and effectiveness with a variety of families.
Entry receptor bias in evolutionarily distant HSV-1 clinical strains drives divergent ocular and nervous system pathologies.

Abstract Purpose Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection leads to varying pathologies including the development of ocular lesions, stromal keratitis and encephalitis. While the role for host immunity in disease progression is well understood, the contribution of genetic variances in generating preferential viral entry receptor usage and resulting immunopathogenesis in humans are not known. Methods Ocular cultures were obtained from patients presenting distinct pathologies of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). Next-generation sequencing and subsequent analysis characterized genetic variances among the strains and estimated evolutionary divergence. Murine model of ocular infection was used to assess phenotypic contributions of strain variances on damage to the ocular surface and propagation of innate immunity. Flow cytometry of eye tissue identified differential recruitment of immune cell populations, cytokine array probed for programming of local immune response in the draining lymph node and histology was used to assess inflammation of the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Ex-vivo corneal cultures and in-vitro studies elucidated the role of genetic variances in altering host-pathogen interactions, leading to divergent host responses. Results Phylogenetic analysis of the clinical isolates suggests evolutionary divergence among currently circulating HSV-1 strains. Mutations causing alterations in functional host interactions were identified, particularly in viral entry glycoproteins which generated a receptor bias to herpesvirus entry mediator, an immune modulator involved in immunopathogenic diseases like HSK, leading to exacerbated ocular surface pathologies and heightened viral burden in the TG and brainstem. Conclusions Our data suggests receptor bias resulting from genetic variances in clinical strains may dictate disease severity and treatment outcome.
Low strain, more gain.

Recycling polymers to their monomers would enable a circular polymer economy, but this can be challenging, especially for materials with all-carbon backbones. Now, by lowering the strain of cyclooctene through ring fusion, recyclable polymers with useful physical properties can be made by an olefin-metathesis-based route.
The Zoning Renouncer

Most people would not see much connection between zoning legislation, a rather prosaic government attempt to control land usage, and phone taps, conspiracy, bribery, and secret midnight police activity—things usually associated with treason, murder, kidnapping or drug-dealing. Yet bribery is spawned by this geographical central planning.
Passive, Pinker, and Persuasion

Many lawyers shudder when writers use passive constructions. This excerpt from chapter 2 suggests that skilled advocates might want to rethink that prejudice.
Pathogenetic Mechanisms of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

A new syndrome characterized by a rare malignancy, Kaposi’s sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and other severe opportunistic infections was reported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, in 1981 (CDC, 1981a,b,c). The profound impairment of cellular immune function underlying these disorders led to their designation as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This sexually transmitted disease with a mortality close to 100% over time has been considered “the worst pandemic of the 20th century.” Except for syphilis, no other infectious disease has depended so greatly on human behavior for its spread. In fact, in an attempt to communicate the threat of AIDS, researchers have sought to move away from placing those most at danger of infection in “risk groups” and have started to emphasize instead risk behavior. Since travel around the world has become faster, easier, and more frequent and because AIDS is becoming more of a heterosexually transmitted disease, it would be realistic to consider anyone as being at some degree of risk.
Mealybug β-proteobacterial endosymbionts contain γ-proteobacterial symbionts

Some insects have cultivated intimate relationships with mutualistic bacteria since their early evolutionary history. Most ancient 'primary' endosymbionts live within the cytoplasm of large, polyploid host cells of a specialized organ (bacteriome). Within their large, ovoid bacteriomes, mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) package the intracellular endosymbionts into 'mucus-filled' spheres, which surround the host cell nucleus and occupy most of the cytoplasm. The genesis of symbiotic spheres has not been determined, and they are structurally unlike eukaryotic cell vesicles. Recent molecular phylogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies suggested that two unrelated bacterial species may share individual host cells, and that bacteria within spheres comprise these two species. Here we show that mealybug host cells do indeed harbour both beta- and gamma-subdivision Proteobacteria, but they are not co-inhabitants of the spheres. Rather, we show that the symbiotic spheres themselves are beta-proteobacterial cells. Thus, gamma-Proteobacteria live symbiotically inside beta-Proteobacteria. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of an intracellular symbiosis involving two species of bacteria.
Chromosomes of atypical (adenomatous) hyperplasia and carcinoma of the endometrium.

Abstract The chromosomes of atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium and carcinoma of the endometrium were studied by a direct flame-dry method without resorting to tissue culture techniques. Although the majority of the cells from an atypical hyperplasia and an adenoacanthoma of the endometrium had a normal diploid chromosome number of 46, a significant proportion of the cells showed an abnormal chromosome number of more than 46. Anaplastic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium showed both numerical and structural aberrations of chromosomes in all of the cells analyzed. An adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium had more than half of the cells with hyperdiploid chromosomes. A correlation between the histologic grading of malignancy and the degree of chromosme aberrations seems to exist in carcinoma of the endometrium.
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a symmetric matrix is one of the basic tasks of computational statistics. For instance, in principal components analysis [13], a random m-vector X with covariance matrix Ω is postulated.
Code-Carrying Authorization

In authorization, there is often a wish to shift the burden of proof to those making requests, since they may have more resources and more specific knowledge to construct the required proofs. We introduce an extreme instance of this approach, which we call Code-Carrying Authorization (CCA). With CCA, access-control decisions can partly be delegated to untrusted code obtained at run-time. The dynamic verification of this code ensures the safety of authorization decisions. We define and study this approach in the setting of a higher-order spi calculus. The type system of this calculus provides the needed support for static and dynamic verification.
Fibronectins Are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel Morphogenesis But Are Dispensable for Initial Specification of Precursor Cells

The underlying mechanisms of lethal cardiovascular defects associated with the fibronectin-null (FN.null) mutation in mouse embryos were investigated by lineage analysis of myocardial, endocardial, and endothelial cells. A wide variation in phenotype was observed on two genetic backgrounds. In the less severe class (C57/BL6 background), FN.null embryos display a defective heart. Myocardial cells express the specific marker MF-20 and are correctly localized in the anterior trunk region, but myocardial organization is disrupted, resulting in a bulbous heart tube. Endocardial cells express the specific marker platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and are localized within the myocardium, but the endocardium appears collapsed. Endothelial cells of two vascular beds are specified, but the aortae are distended and lack contact with the surrounding mesenchyme, while no vessels form in the yolk sac. Defects in the more severe class suggest that FNs are essential earlier in development on the 129/Sv background. Myocardial and endocardial cells are specified, but morphogenesis of the myocardium and endocardium does not occur. Aortic endothelial cells are specified and localized normally, but remain scattered. Yolk sac endothelial cells resemble those of the less severe class. We conclude that FNs are essential for organization of heart and blood vessels, but are dispensable for cellular specification in the appropriate regions within the embryo.
Polarized secretion of diamine oxidase by intestinal epithelial cells and its stimulation by heparin

The Caco-2 cells have been used as a model system to study the pathways of diamine oxidase secretion by the intestinal epithelium. When grown in Transwell filter chamber devices, the polarized cell monolayers released the enzyme preferentially into the basal chamber. Heparin (1-10 USP U/mL) rapidly induced a marked stimulation of enzyme secretion only when in contact with the basolateral cell membrane, where high affinity binding sites for [3H]heparin were also exclusively located. Among the other glycosaminoglycans tested, only heparan sulfate (150 mg/mL) was able to induce enzyme release; chondroitin sulfate (150 mg/mL) and dermatan sulfate (150 mg/mL) were without effect. Four monoclonal antibodies specific for human diamine oxidase were produced and found to immunoprecipitate a single protein with a molecular weight of 95,000 (under reducing conditions) from the culture medium of Caco-2 cells. Immunofluorescence staining of cryostat sections of human small intestine with these four antibodies localized diamine oxidase at the lateral and basal sides of the villus cells. Staining was markedly reduced in specimens obtained from patients who received doses of heparin in vivo. This study concludes that release of diamine oxidase by intestinal cells occurs specifically at the basolateral aspect of the cells, most likely through the constitutive secretory pathway. Heparin may induce its marked stimulation of enzyme release by complexing with diamine oxidase bound to the cell surface or through interaction with specific binding sites also located in the basolateral membrane. In the intestinal mucosa in vivo, the basal aspect of the villus cells represents the main site of diamine oxidase storage in the presence of normal circulating levels of heparin.
Relax, Be Earnest: Marketing a Serials Deselection Project

Many libraries use the fear of public outcry as a reason to limit interaction with their communities while in the process of deselecting materials. This paper proposes that well‐written policies, process transparency, and a properly managed promotional plan are the best approaches to building goodwill and support among concerned constituents. “Throwing away books” does not have to be done in secret. A process for transforming internal goals into external communications and marketing events is provided along with a discussion of the partnerships and resources needed to accomplish that transformation. Outcomes of the project, including reutilization of space, updated library policies, and reactions from the community are also presented.
Spatio-temporal structure analysis on motion imagery using syntactic approach

Video pattern analysis is becoming increasingly important because of the explosive increase in the production of multimedia data. Traditional statistical pattern analysis approaches, however, are not sufficient for analyzing this type of imagery because semantically similar events may have significantly different statistical properties, or even they may range over different time intervals. In such scenarios, a syntactic approach provides a better solution. This paper describes Our approach to building a prototype syntactic video analysis system. For this example we concentrate on basketball video sequences. Our experimental results are promising, suggesting that syntactic pattern analysis may be a vital tool in video analysis.
Effect of stereochemistry on hydroxyl proton chemical shifts and coupling constants in carbohydrates

Chemical shifts and coupling constants of hydroxyl protons for a series of simple carbohydrates are reported and several trends extracted: (1) chemical shifts are relatively independent of the experimental conditions if referenced to water; (2) chemical shifts are sensitive to the orientation of the HO group and its neighbors; and (3) coupling constants fall within a relatively narrow range, which is indicative of rotational averaging. These observations suggest that NMR parameters of hydroxyl protons can provide important diagnostic information about the stereochemistry of simple carbohydrates and may prove useful for analysis of more complex compounds.
Ultrasonic degradation of polymer molecules in solution: Some comments on recent papers

Recent papers on the ultrasonic degradation of polymer molecules in solution are discussed. It is pointed out that the use of the Staudinger equation to derive weight-average degrees of polymerization from the viscosities of benzene solutions of polystyrenes is a source of error, since these solutions have been found to obey the Houwink equation. Some measurements of degradation rates by the use of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl as a free radical scavenger are considered, and it is concluded that they can be fitted almost equally well by two different rate equations.
Feasibility evaluation of emodin (rhubarb extract) as an inhibitor of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro.

Emodin is a commonly used traditional herbal treatment in China, including use for pancreatic malignancy. In this study, the potential for emodin to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell proliferation was examined using 4 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines: Mia Paca-2, BxPC-3, Panc-1, and L3.6pl. WST-1 proliferation, propidium iodide flow cytometry cell cycle analysis, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) Western blot analysis were performed. Forty-eight-hour treatment with 50 μM emodin inhibited proliferation in Mia Paca-2 cells by 42%, BxPc-3 by 38%, L3.6pl by 56%, and Panc-1 by 18% (all P < .01). In three-fourths of the cell lines, emodin treatment resulted in an increase (from 4.7% to 22%) in the cell population number in apoptosis when measured by flow cytometric analysis. Mia Paca-2 revealed a significant PARP cleavage product when compared with control. These feasibility experiments provide initial evidence that emodin exerts an antiproliferative effect, likely through apoptosis induction-related...
Multithread hydrodynamic modeling of a solar flare

Past hydrodynamic simulations have been able to reproduce the high temperatures and densities characteristic of solar flares. These simulations, however, have not been able to account for the slow decay of the observed flare emission or the absence of blueshifts in high spectral resolution line profiles. Recent work has suggested that modeling a flare as a sequence of independently heated threads instead of as a single loop may resolve the discrepancies between the simulations and observations. In this paper, we present a method for computing multithread, time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations of solar flares and apply it to observations of the Masuda flare of 1992 January 13. We show that it is possible to reproduce the temporal evolution of high temperature thermal flare plasma observed with the instruments on the GOES and Yohkoh satellites. The results from these simulations suggest that the heating timescale for a individual thread is on the order of 200 s. Significantly shorter heating timescales (20 s) lead to very high temperatures and are inconsistent with the emission observed by Yohkoh.
Recent results from the Hubble Space Telescope

The present survey of observational results from the HST supplements the earlier presentation by Kinney and Maran (1991), and encompasses such noteworthy achievements as the first UV results from the High Speed Photometer and spectroscopic studies of black hole/neutron-star binaries and a flare star. New data are also presented for the intergalactic absorption clouds along various lines-of-sight and imaging observations of planetary nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds. An animated sequence derived from images showing the evolution of a great storm on Saturn is noted to be of especially far-ranging relevance.
Altered protein metabolism in diaphragms from thermally injured rats

Thermal injury is known to cause increased muscle catabolism, but the mechanisms involved in this process are not clear. Diaphragms from thermally injured rats were removed and incubated in vitro on the third postburn day in order to determine the rates of protein synthesis and degradation using [14C]tyrosine uptake and release as an indicator of these processes. Diaphragms from rats that received 50% total body surface, full-thickness wounds and unburned sham-treated controls were examined. The rate of protein synthesis in the absence of insulin supplementation was found to decrease (26%) and the rate of protein degradation increased (81%) under these conditions. Insulin supplementation (0.1 U/ml) to the incubation media caused a significant increase (39%) in the rate of synthesis in the sham-controls but did not stimulate synthesis in the burned group. Degradation rates measured in the presence of insulin were increased in the burned group (64%), but were somewhat blunted in comparison to the insulin-deficient degradation rates (81%). These results indicate that diaphragm muscles from thermally injured rats show a decreased insulin stimulation of protein synthesis after injury, and insulin does not significantly alter the enhanced rate of protein degradation observed in these muscles after injury.
Age-induced alteration of neuromuscular transmission: effect of halothane.

Abstract Age-induced alteration in neuromuscular transimission and the effect of halothane were examined in 3- and 30-month-old rats with the voltage clamp technique. Significant pre- and post-junctional changes of synaptic transmission occur with advancing age as the frequency of spontaneous release, quantal content and mobilization rate increase and decay time (τ) of miniature end plate current (MEPC) and end plate current (EPC) is prolonged and altered (bi-exponential). Effects of halothane (0.3-0.88 mM) appeared to be pre-junctional, as the anesthetic decreased the frequency of spontaneous release, end plate current amplitude, quantal content and mobilization rate, had little or no effect on decay time of miniature end plate current and end plate current, and produced no run-down of ionophoretically evoked trains of end plate current. Some of these effects of halothane are more prominent in 30-month-old rats.
Matrix displacement solution to elastica problems of beams and frames

Abstract A matrix displacement approach is developed for the analysis of elastica problems of beams and frames. The displacements considered are not small in comparison with the length of the beam member. The nonlinear path is predicted by the combination use of a midpoint tangent incremental approach and coordinate, transformation at every step. The formulation and procedure are simple and easy to apply. Application to a variety of examples of beams and frames shows that the approach is general and the results are reasonable.
Linking lithology and land use to sources of dissolved and particulate organic matter in headwaters of a temperate, passive-margin river system

Abstract A number of rivers have been found to transport highly aged organic matter [OM]; however, the sources of this aged material remain a matter of debate. One potential source may be erosion and weathering of headwater lithologies rich in ancient sedimentary OM. In this study, waters, suspended particulates, streambed sediments, rocks and soils from fourteen small headwater watersheds of a mid-size, temperate, passive margin river were sampled and characterized by Δ14C, δ13C, and POC/TPN ratios to identify sources of particulate and dissolved OM delivered to the river mainstem. These headwater sites encompass a range in lithology (OM-rich shales, OM-lean carbonate/mudstone facies, and OM-free crystalline rocks) and land use types (forested and agricultural), and allow investigation of the influence of agriculture and bedrock types on stream OM characteristics. Streams draining large areas of both agricultural land use and OM-rich lithology contain particulate OM [POM] that is more 14C-depleted than streams draining forested, shale-free watersheds. However, this is not sufficient to account for the significantly lower Δ14C-POC measured in the river mainstem. Dissolved OM [DOM] Δ14C are in all cases enriched compared to POM from the same stream, but are otherwise highly variable and unrelated to either land use or lithology. POC/TPN ratios were likewise highly variable. POC and DOC δ13C signatures were similar across all watersheds. Based on isotope mass balance, 14C-free fossil OM sources contribute 0–12% of total stream POM. Although these results do not unequivocally separate the influences of land use and lithology, watershed coverage by shale and agriculture are both important controls on stream Δ14C-POC. Thus export of aged, particle-associated OM may be a feature of river systems along both passive and active continental margins.
Preparation of high quality layered-layered composite Li2MnO3–LiMO2 (M = Ni, Mn, Co) Li-ion cathodes by a ball milling–annealing process

Abstract Cathode powders based on the layered-layered composite Li 2 MnO 3 –LiMO 2 (M = Mn, Co, Ni) have been prepared by a ball milling and annealing process. In principle, this easily scalable and simple process allows for the variation of the stoichiometry, degree of intermixing, and crystallite size by varying the ratio of Li 2 MnO 3 and LiMO 2 parent compounds, milling time, and annealing time and temperature. The resultant cathode powder composition of Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 (M = Mn, Co, Ni) has been shown to have the same crystallographic and electrochemical features as those prepared by conventional sol–gel or co-precipitation methods, with specific discharge capacity of about 250 mAh g −1 between 4.7 and 2 V. Improvements in specific discharge capacity were demonstrated by the addition of an AlPO 4 coating on the cathode powder following the mill-anneal synthesis method. In addition to providing a new means to vary the properties of this cathode system in a more controlled fashion, this synthesis approach also can be used to examine the hypothesis of electrochemical stabilization of the Li 2 MnO 3 by the substitutional LiMO 2 structural unit.
Alcoholic fermentation of carbohydrates and dehydrogenation of alcohols by certain wood-destroying fungi.

IN recent years, the biochemistry and enzymology of Fusaria have received considerable attention in this laboratory. These moulds are characterized by their ability to ferment hexoses and pentoses, bypassing the phosphoglyceric acid step. They are able to reduce nitrates via nitrite to hydroxylamine, to utilize potassium cyanide as a carbon and nitrogen source and elementary sulphur as a hydrogen acceptor, to synthesize a variety of pigments which can serve as mediators between oxidation and assimilation, and to convert carbohydrates abundantly into fats1.
Fourier interpretation of multiphase averaging theory

Abstract There has been considerable interest over the last two decades in developing averaging methods to change the scales of motion in multiphase transport theory. More recently, these averaging methods have been related to instrumentation windows. In this article we relate the averaging theory to impulse-response filters. Moreover, we perform a Fourier analysis in frequency space to indicate how the filters should attenuate low- and high-frequency noise. A generalized averaging theory is presented in the space of tempered distributions. The theory is a natural generalization of classical averaging theory.
Is catalytic activity of chaperones a selectable trait for the emergence of heat shock response

Although heat shock response is ubiquitous in bacterial cells, the underlying physical chemistry behind heat shock response remains poorly understood. To study the response of cell populations to heat shock we employ a physics-based ab initio model of living cells where protein biophysics (i.e., folding and protein-protein interactions in crowded cellular environments) and important aspects of proteins homeostasis are coupled with realistic population dynamics simulations. By postulating a genotype-phenotype relationship we define a cell division rate in terms of functional concentrations of proteins and protein complexes, whose Boltzmann stabilities of folding and strengths of their functional interactions are exactly evaluated from their sequence information. We compare and contrast evolutionary dynamics for two models of chaperon action. In the active model, foldase chaperones function as nonequilibrium machines to accelerate the rate of protein folding. In the passive model, holdase chaperones form reversible complexes with proteins in their misfolded conformations to maintain their solubility. We find that only cells expressing foldase chaperones are capable of genuine heat shock response to the increase in the amount of unfolded proteins at elevated temperatures. In response to heat shock, cells’ limited resources are redistributed differently for active and passive models. For the active model, foldase chaperones are overexpressed at the expense of downregulation of high abundance proteins, whereas for the passive model; cells react to heat shock by downregulating their high abundance proteins, as their low abundance proteins are upregulated.
Rearrangements of azidoquinones. IX. Pyrolysis of 2,3-diazido-1,4-naphthoquinone-dibenzenesulfonimide

Tetrahedron Letters IVo. 39, pp.3645 - 3648, 1971. Pergamon Press. Printed in Great Britain. REARRANGEMENTS OF AZIDOQUINONES. IX. PYROLYSIS OF 2,3- DIAZIDO-1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE-DIBENZENESULFONIMIDE Harold W. Moore and Mei-Sie Lee Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine, California 92664 in USA 2 June 1971; (Received Azidoquinones alkylidine-A diones, in UK for publication have been shown to be very versatile o, B -butenolides, 4 aminoquinones5and the appropriate reaction an investigation of certain be accomplished. received conditions. can be prepared cyanoketenes, from azidoquinones derivatives ing benzene to give phthaloyl cyankledibenzenesulfonimide, ring closure upon reaction azapine- by employing suggested to see if analogous transformations This vicinal diazide cleaves a. y-cya,io- of compounds here is a study of the thermal decomposition naphthoquinone-dibenzenesulfonimide, quent hydrolytic The synthetic utility of this class azidoquinone synthetic intermediates. 2-cyano-1,3-cyclopentenediones, acylcyanides6 Reported 1 September with alcohols could of 2,3-diazido-1,4- pyrolytically in reflux- Compound 2 undergoes to 1,3-substituted subse- isoindolines and phthalimidine-benzenesulfonimides. The purple crystalline diazide, was prepared dichloro-l,4-naphthoquinone-dibenzenesulfonimide,’ azide. A solution of 2. lmmol azide in 5 ml of water at O-5’. upon addition of the azide. precipitation $_, upon reaction of 1 in 40 ml of acetone was reacted The reaction solution immediately precipitate vacua to give 5 as a brownish oil. tral data (Table I) and its chemical precedent; with 6. 1 m mol of sodium solution which induced the &, was obtained by refluxing of & in 7 ml of anhydrous benzene for 6 hrs. insoluble sodium Phthaloyl cyankledibenzenesulfonimide, an unidentified with excess turned from yellow to purple Water (20 ml) was added to the reaction of the diazide, 725 mg (1.4mmol) in nearly quantitative yield from 2,3- was collected The structure properties. 2,3-diazido-1,4_naphthoquinone phthaloyl cyanide, 6 and o-diazidobenzene by filtration and the solvent removed The thermal cleavage, loses nitrogen in refluxing fragments of A small amount (40 mg) of of 3_ is in complete thermally a suspension agreement 2-Z) - in wit1 its spec- has good toluene and forms to - cis-1,4_dicyanobutadiene.
Leader emergence: the development of a theoretical framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework to explain how leaders emerge in teams that lack a hierarchical structure. This framework emphasizes the perceptual processes through which team members determine whether or not an individual fits with the task, the group, and the situational context. Design/methodology/approach – This paper builds on prior leadership research to develop a theoretical framework of emergent leadership, a testable model, and research propositions. Findings – The authors suggest that team members’ perceptions of leadership fit depend on the potential leader's domain competence, fluid intelligence, willingness to serve, credibility, and goal attainment. A conceptual framework is developed to suggest these attributes combine to create perceptions of leadership fit that must correspond to the degree of stress in the situational context, which varies according to task criticality and time compression. The framework suggests that an individual perceived by ...
Molecular dynamics simulations of diffusion mechanisms in NiAl

Molecular dynamics simulations of the diffusion process in ordered B2 NiAl at high temperature were performed using an embedded atom interatomic potential. Diffusion occurs through a variety of cyclic mechanisms that accomplish the motion of the vacancy through nearest neighbor jumps restoring order to the alloy at the end of the cycle. The traditionally postulated six-jump cycle is only one of the various cycles observed and some of these are quite complex. A detailed sequential analysis of the observed six-jump cycles was performed and the results are analyzed in terms of the activation energies for individual jumps calculated using molecular statics simulations.
Theory of deformation and strain‐induced crystallization of an elastomeric network polymer

A new theory of deformation and strain induced crystallization of network polymers has been developed. The effects of lattice vacancies, variation in distribution of trans and gauche bond conformations in stretched amorphous polymers, and the crystallite orientation in the partially crystalline stretched vulcanizate were considered in the evaluation of their partition functions. Stress-extension ratio relationships were evaluated for the amorphous and semicrystalline polymers. The rise in melting temperature due to strain induced crystallization is discussed. The new theory seems to be in closer agreement with the actual strain-induced crystallization process than earlier research.
A note on the localization of two-parameter processes

Continuous two-parameter strong martingalesM andN with respect to a filtration, which is closely related to the filtration of a Wiener sheet, are constructed such thatM and the continuous increasing process [N] ofN (identical with the quadratic variation) cannot be “boundedly localized”: each stopping domainD for which the processesM or [N] stopped byD, are bounded must be contained in a nontrivial subset of ℝ + 2 which only depends onM orN.
Intracardiac Doppler echocardiographic quantification of pulmonary vein flow velocity: an effective technique for monitoring pulmonary vein ostia narrowing during focal atrial fibrillation ablation.

Pulmonary Flow in AF.Introduction: Ablation at the pulmonary vein (PV) ostium to isolate triggers for atrial fibrillation (AF) may induce PV narrowing. The AcuNav ultrasound catheter can image PV flow and quantify peak velocity and may be useful in assessing the degree of narrowing of PV ostia. Methods and Results: In 93 patients with AF undergoing PV ostial ablation (up to 40 W, 52°C, 90 sec), the ultrasound catheter was placed in the right atrium and PV peak flow velocities were measured during systole and diastole before and after ablation. Ostial PV electrical isolation was achieved in 216 of the 219 targeted PVs. The ultrasound catheter provided flow imaging of all PVs. The ostial peak flow velocities measured 56 ± 12 cm/sec before ablation and increased to 101 ± 22 cm/sec after ablation (P 100 cm/sec was detected in 103 (47%) of 219 and ≥ 158 cm/sec (estimated pressure gradient 10 mmHg) with turbulent flow features, in 7 (3.2%) of 219 PVs. The highest velocity detected in one PV was 211 cm/sec (17.7 mmHg). Follow-up ultrasound catheter measurements were obtained in 13 patients (30 previously ablated PVs) during repeat ablations. The ostial peak velocity had decreased by 22 ± 14 cm/sec and in 25 (83%) of 30 PVs was within the baseline range ( 158 cm/sec after initial ablation. No significant stenosis ( 100 cm/sec before repeat ablation, and three PVs in two patients had flow velocity > 158 cm/sec after repeat ablation. One of these patients developed symptoms of exertional dyspnea; MRI at 4 months showed 50% to 60% ostial narrowing. Conclusion: Ostial ablation for PV isolation may induce a mild-to-moderate increase in PV flow velocity, which can be identified using an ultrasound catheter with Doppler color flow imaging. Increases in PV flow velocity (< 158 cm/sec) after a primary ablation procedure appear to be well tolerated, and a return toward baseline flow characteristics should be anticipated by 3 months. A more cautious approach may be required for patients undergoing repeat PV isolation.
Effect of proteolytic and glycolytic enzymes on a factor in Sorghum bicolor that induces mycelial growth in the smut fungus, Sporisorium reilianum

Proteins obtained from seedling shoots and floral meristems ofSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. NK 1210 induced mycelial growth in the smut fungus,Sporisorium reilianum in vitro. Proteins precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and ammonium sulfate were equally effective as inducers, although there were minor variations in the pattern of mycelial growth. Hydrolysis of the protein fraction with the proteolytic enzyme pronase E resulted in considerable reduction in the proteins' ability to induce mycelial growth. Digestion of the protein fraction with driselase, resulted in a slight enhancement of biological activity. The results suggest that amino sugar moieties in glycoproteins may act as inducers of mycelial growth inSporisorium reilianum.