cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification of integral plasma membrane proteins by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract Following dissolution in anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, plasma membrane isolated from two eukaryotic species was directly injected onto a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatograph column. Upon development with a 60 to 100% ( v v ) linear gradient of ethanol containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, most of the polypeptides eluted without retention. Only the lipids and very hydrophobic proteins were retained and resolved. Most noticeable among retained proteins was the Mr 100,000 catalytic polypeptide of cach species' primary plasma membrane cation pump, the Na+,K+-ATPase of pig kidney and the H+-ATPase of Neurospora crassa hyphae. This simple 60-min procedure yielded nearly pure ATPase starting from crude membranes and in a completely volatile solvent, without detergent. When fungal plasma membranes were phosphorylated in vitro with [γ-32P]ATP prior to injection, protein kinase activity was observed and this resulted in the phosphorylation of the H+-ATPase as well as of several other less-abundant hydrophobic membrane proteins. This procedure is useful as an alternative method for the rapid characterization of those membrane-associated polypeptides that contain several hydrophobic, transmembrane sequences.
Abnormal human haemoglobins VIII. chemical studies on haemoglobin D

Abstract Five samples of haemoglobin D obtained from unrelated individuals living in different countries have been isolated and fingerprinted. Identical patterns of peptides have been observed for all the haemoglobin D's examined. The amino acid substitution in these haemoglobins has been investigated. It has been found that a glutamine residue in these haemoglobin D's substitutes the glutamic acid residue which is present in position 121 in the β-chain of haemoglobin A.
Simulating application level self-similar network traffic using hybrid heavy-tailed distributions

Many networking researches depend on an accurate simulation of network traffic. For example, Intrusion Detection Systems generally require tuning to be effective in each new environment. It follows that researchers need to produce traffic backgrounds for laboratory testing that accurately reflect the characteristics of organizations of interest. Because self-similarity is a common feature in today's network traffic, simulations which can produce the same degree of self-similarity as the original traffic are desired. The authors discovered that modeling some important protocol characteristics has required the use of hybrid modeling and heavy-tailed distributions. These include protocols like HTTP that account for a large percentage of traffic today although they were not present for studies done a few years ago. In this paper hybrid and heavy-tailed modeling techniques are used to build detailed models of major Internet protocols. NS-2 is used to simulate the Internet traffic captured at University of Central Florida and the result is compared against original traffic.
A Brief History Of Fiber Gyros And MIT's Contributions To Fiber Gyro Development

This paper is a brief review of the history of fiberoptic gyros with emphasis on some of the key concepts that were critical to the development of this field. The contributions that M.I.T. may have made to this field are mentioned in this context. This review is by no means exhaustive and apologies are offered to those contributors that may have been overlooked.
Smokers who are hospitalized: a window of opportunity for cessation interventions.

Abstract Background . Medical illness has often been thought to provide smokers with motivation to quit smoking. However, the actual impact that illness and hospitalization has on smokers' interest in cessation is not clear. Further, little is known about the role that hospital staff play in encouraging cessation. Methods . This article is a descriptive study examining smoking prevalence and interest in cessation among 304 inpatients hospitalized in a specialized cardiovascular disease unit and a general medical unit. In addition, the efforts of hospital staff in promoting cessation were assessed. Results . The overall smoking prevalence among this older sample was 16%. Although the majority of smokers (79%) indicated a desire to quit smoking, there was little interest in using formal treatment options to quit. Quitting on one's own was the most preferred cessation strategy. Approximately one-third of the smokers expressed interest in receiving cessation counseling from their physicians. Patient reports indicated that both physicians and nurses on the general medical unit intervened on smoking less frequently than staff on the cardiovascular disease unit. Seventy-one percent of all smokers reported that the medical resident did not discuss smoking with them. Conclusion . Despite the small number of smokers in this sample, this study has implications for development of training programs for hospital staff on delivery of brief smoking interventions.
Dynamic PLS modelling for process control

Abstract A modification of the Partial Least-Squares (PLS) modelling procedure is presented which permits incorporation of a dynamic transformation into the standard algebraic form of this model. This makes it possible to use the resulting dynamic PLS model for control system design by employing precompensators and postcompensators constructed from the input and output loading matrices and basing the controller for the compensated plant on the dynamic inner relation of the modified PLS model.
Analysis and Design of Series Resonant Converter by State-Plane Diagram

Analysis based on the state-plane diagram is given for series resonant converters operating in the frequency range 0.5 ? fs/fo ? 1.0. When the voltages and currents in the converter are normalized, design parameters take on special geometric meanings in the normalized state diagram. Examples of converter design using graphical methods are given for the cases of ? and ? control. Control characteristics of the converter operating in the continuous conduction mode are derived. The concept of the energy reflection coefficient is introduced as a measure of power transfer efficiency in the converter design.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae structural changes induced by pulsed electric field treatment.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae(ATCC 16664) inoculated into commercial heat sterilized apple juice was treated with high intensity (40 kV/cm) pulsed electric fields (PEF). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of PEF treatedS. cerevisiaecells provided little evidence to support the electroporation inactivation theory as the major mode of yeast inactivation. TEM micrographs of PEF treatedS. cerevisiaefrom apple juice exhibited frequent disruption of yeast cellular organelles and almost total absence of ribosome bodies. Damaged organelles and lack of ribosomes suggests cytological disruption as an alternative inactivation mechanism to the accepted electroporation theory. Naturally occurring bud scars formed through propagation of daughter yeast cells from mother yeast cells were differentiated from PEF induced scars with TEM observations.
Cardiac troponin I concentrations in normal dogs and cats using a bedside analyzer.

Abstract Objective To develop reference ranges for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in normal dogs and cats using the Biosite Triage Meter®. Background Reference ranges for cTnI in dogs and cats have not yet been reported for this inexpensive bedside analyzer. Methods Purified free canine cTnI was diluted to 5 known concentrations to assess linearity and recovery. Interassay and intraassay precision were evaluated using 3 dilutions obtained from a dog with an elevated cTnI concentration. EDTA plasma was obtained from 55 normal dogs and 58 normal cats for analysis of cTnI. Results Measured values of purified cTnI closely matched calculated concentrations (r2 = 0.997) and recovery ranged from 107–164%. Intraassay precision was 2.76 ± 1.20% and interassay precision was 8.50 ± 4.19%. The dogs were 4.8 ± 3.1 years and 24.4 ± 11.2 kg (27 Mc, 19 Fs, 5 M, 4 F). The cats were 4.9 ± 2.8 years and 5.1 ± 1.19 kg (36 Mc, 22 Fs). The median and range (5th and 95th percentile) of cTnI for dogs were Conclusions This study provides reference ranges for cTnI in dogs and cats using the Triage Meter®, an affordable bedside analyzer. The availability of reference ranges for this machine may increase clinical use and research of this marker in veterinary medicine.
Dimensionality of Belief Among Mainstream Protestant Clergy

In this analysis of 7,443 parish clergy from six mainstream Protestant denominations, we have examined the clustering of religious beliefs. The survey provides a substantially more sophisticated array of theological belief than previous research, and covers sixteen theological content areas. Underlying these belief statements are a small number of factors which are, with minor exceptions, similar across denominations. The key factor which represents the major dimension of belief among Protestant clergy forms a continuum from a relatively literal to a relatively demythologized interpretation of the faith. We have conluded, therefore, that the structure of belief among mainstream Protestant clergy is unidimensional. We would further speculate that the most significant concomitants of belief would stem from this fact. The history of any academic discipline or subdiscipline can be viewed as the history of conceptual development and refinement. Such work in the sociology of religion has focused strongly on the concept of religiosity. That which at one time seemed easily measured in terms of affiliation and church attendance is no longer seen as so simple. One school of definition-makers has chosen the device of distinguishing between the truly committed and the nominally religious. They have tended to bifurcate religious commitment into two categories variously called "committed and consensual religion" (Allen and Spilka), "primary and secondary religion" (Clark), "moral commitment and calculative involvement" (Ashbrook), and, of course, "interiorized and institutionalized" or "intrinsic and extrinsic" religion (Allport, a, b, c, d, e). The principal criterion in each case is commitment to religion; whether, as Allport puts it, one "uses" religion or "lives" it. Such a distinction may be useful in moving one step beyond affiliation and attendance in coaxing out the influence of religion on attitudes and behavior, but it begs the question of the nature of the religious variable. As the 1960s began, a new set of typologies was introduced, and the dimensionality debate escalated. Perhaps the most influential contribution was made by Glock (a, b) who proposed five dimensions of religion: beliefs, practice, experience (or feelings), knowledge, and effects (or consequences). Fukuyama (3a, b), working along similar lines, proposed four dimensions which he named credal, cultic, devotional and cognitive orientations. Laboring independently, but within similar patterns, Lenski proposed that religious commitment be broadened to include informal social interaction within religious groupings. This communal dimension was shown to powerfully supplement the traditional associational dimension, *We are indebted to Edwin E. Erickson for his technical advice during our data analysis as well as that of Gary Maranell during the write-up.
Strategies for initial reading instruction

While the strategies we have presented do not constitute a complete instructional program for beginning reading, the techniques can be integrated into a wide variety of initial reading approaches. Teachers can selectively use any or all of these techniques to meet the particular needs of the individual reader or group. We hope that the ideas presented here will encourage further exploration of approaches for both initial and remedial reading instruction.
A mathematical framework to study the effects of growth factor influences on fracture healing.

During fracture healing, multipotential stem cells differentiate into specialized cells responsible for producing the different tissues involved in the bone regeneration process. This cell differentiation has been shown to be regulated by locally expressed growth factors. The details of their regulatory mechanisms need to be understood. In this work, we present a two-dimensional mathematical model of the bone healing process for moderate fracture gap sizes and fracture stability. The inflammatory and tissue regeneration stages of healing are simulated by modeling mesenchymal cell migration; mesenchymal cell, chondrocyte and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation over time. The effects of two generic growth factors on cell differentiation are based on the experimentally studied chondrogenic and osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and 4 and transforming growth factor-beta-1, respectively. The model successfully simulates the progression of healing and predicts that the rate of osteogenic growth factor production by osteoblasts and the duration of the initial release of growth factors upon injury are particularly important parameters for complete ossification and successful healing. This temporo-spatial model of fracture healing is the first model to consider the effects of growth factors. It will help us understand the regulatory mechanisms involved in bone regeneration and provides a mathematical framework with which to design experiments and understand pathological conditions.
Characterization of phospholipase A2 activity in rat RPAR-induced pleurisy

At 10 min, 2 h and 4 h after induction of a reverse passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) in the pleural cavity of rats, pleural exudate was collected and analyzedin vitro for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) acyl hydrolytic activity. Inasmuch as exudate PLA2 was inhibited by addition of EDTA, the acyl hydrolytic activity appeared calcium-dependent. However, addition of exogenous calcium to the exudate had only a minor effect on the activity. Maximum hydrolysis in all exudates was observed over a pH range of 6–9 with a neutral optimum. The 4 h exudate PLA2 activity was almost fully inhibited by para-bromophenacyl bromide (pBPB), whereas the acyl hydrolytic activity in the 10 min and 2 h exudates was reduced by 44% and 46%, respectively, by 200 μM pBPB. Although the PLA2 in the 4 h exudate displayed an increased sensitivity to high exogenous calcium concentrations and to pBPB inactiontion, the basic properties of the exudate PLA2 at the three time points appeared similar.
Terrorism in the context of civil war

Although scholars have focused primarily on transnational terrorism, much of the terrorism occurring worldwide is domestic terrorism carried out by rebel groups fighting in civil wars. This article examines variation in terrorism across civil wars, asking why some rebel groups use terrorism, while others do not. Rebel groups make strategic calculations, assessing how their government opponents and their own civilian constituencies will react to terrorism. Rebel groups challenging democratic governments are more likely to use terrorism, believing that their opponents will be sensitive to civilian losses and, therefore, likely to make concessions in response to violence. Rebel groups also consider the costs of violence, which depend on characteristics of the rebel group’s civilian constituency. Rebel groups with broad civilian constituencies select lower-casualty civilian targets to minimize public backlash. Evidence from a new data set on rebel-group terrorism in civil wars from 1989 to 2010 provides suppo...
Identification of equine P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (CD162)

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1, CD162) is a dimeric, mucin-like, transmembrane glycoprotein constitutively expressed on leukocytes. A high baseline level of P-selectin expression in circulating equine platelets suggests a primed state toward inflammation and thrombosis via P-selectin/PSGL-1 adhesion. To investigate the potential role of equine P-selectin in these events, we first identified the cDNA sequence of equine PSGL-1 (ePSGL-1) using degenerate PCR and RACE-PCR and then compared the predicted sequence with that of human PSGL-1 (hPSGL-1). ePSGL-1 protein subunit is predicted to be 43 kDa and composed of 420 amino acids with a predicted 18-amino-acid signal sequence showing 78% homology to hPSGL-1. Previously published work has shown that binding of P-selectin requires sulfation of at least one of three tyrosines and O-glycosylation of one threonine in the N-terminus of human PSGL-1. However, the corresponding domain in ePSGL-1, spanning residues 19-43, contains only one tyrosine in the vicinity of two threonines at positions 25 and 41. ePSGL-1 contains 14 threonine/serine-rich decameric repeats as compared to hPSGL-1 which contains 14-16 threonine-rich decameric repeats. The transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains display 91% and 74% homology to corresponding human PSGL-1 domains, respectively. In summary, there is 71% homology in comparing the open reading frame (ORF) of ePSGL-1 with that of hPSGL-1. The greatest homologies between species exist in the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail while substantial differences exist in the extracellular domain.
The Curious Relation between Theory of Mind and Sharing in Preschool Age Children

Young children have long been known to act selfishly and gradually appear to become more generous across middle childhood. While this apparent change has been well documented, the underlying mechanisms supporting this remain unclear. The current study examined the role of early theory of mind and executive functioning in facilitating sharing in a large sample (N = 98) of preschoolers. Results reveal a curious relation between early false-belief understanding and sharing behavior. Contrary to many commonsense notions and predominant theories, competence in this ability is actually related to less sharing. Thus, the relation between developing theory of mind and sharing may not be as straightforward as it seems in preschool age children. It is precisely the children who can engage in theory of mind that decide to share less with others.
Spacelike boundaries from the c = 1 matrix model

We find classical solutions of two dimensional noncritical string theory which give rise to geometries with spacelike boundaries, similar to spacetimes with cosmological event horizons. In the c=1 matrix model, these solutions have a representation as simple time-dependent configurations. We obtain the causal structure of the resulting spacetimes. Using the macroscopic loop transform, we probe the form of the tachyon condensate in the asymptotic regions.
Results of a prospective multicentre myeloablative double‐unit cord blood transplantation trial in adult patients with acute leukaemia and myelodysplasia

Summary Double-unit cord blood (CB) grafts may improve engraftment and relapse risk in adults with haematological malignancies. We performed a prospective high-dose myeloablative double-unit CB transplantation (CBT) trial in adults with high-risk acute leukaemia or myelodysplasia (MDS) between 2007 and 2011. The primary aim was to establish the 1-year overall survival in a multi-centre setting. Fifty-six patients (31 acute myeloid leukaemia, 19 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 4 other acute leukaemias, 2 myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS]) were transplanted at 10 centres. The median infused total nucleated cell doses were 2·62 (larger unit) and 2·02 (smaller unit) x 107/kg. The cumulative incidence of day 100 neutrophil engraftment was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80–96). Day 180 grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) incidence was 64% (95%CI: 51–76) and 36% (95%CI: 24–49) of patients had chronic GVHD by 3-years. At 3-years post-transplant, the transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 39% (95%CI: 26–52), and the 3-year relapse incidence was 11% (95%CI: 4–21). With a median 37-month (range 23–71) follow-up of survivors, the 3-year disease-free survival was 50% (95%CI: 37–63). Double-unit CBT is a viable alternative therapy for high-risk acute leukaemia/ MDS in patients lacking a matched unrelated donor. This is especially important for minority patients. The relapse incidence was low but strategies to ameliorate TRM are needed.
Coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and malignancy.

SUMMARY Four cases of coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and malignancy have been presented; differential diagnostic features which would arouse suspicion that one is dealing with two lesions instead of one, have been discussed. The coexistence of malignancy and pulmonary tuberculosis is probably on the increase and, therefore, the recognition is of importance.
Chemical vapor deposition of AlxOyNz films

A chemical vapor deposition process for depositing dielectric films of aluminum oxynitride is described. AlCl3, CO2 and NH3 were employed as the reactive gases in a nitrogen carrier. Films were grown from the mixed gases at 770 and 900°C in a resistively heated fused silica enclosure. The composition of the films could be varied over the entire range of the pseudobinary AlN-Al2O3 system by controlling the NH3/CO2 gas ratio with an appropriate flow of gaseous AlCl3. Growth rate and index of refraction for the films were obtained using ellipsometric techniques. The film compositions reported were determined by electron microprobe analysis. Film structure, evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, and the electrical properties of the dielectric films have been correlated and are discussed separately in a companion paper entitled, “Some Properties of CVD Films of AlxOyNz on Silicon”.
Two Different Worlds: The Academic Orientation of Graduate Education vs. the Realities of One Applied Career

The current academic orientation of graduate education in sociology poses a number of barriers in preparing students for applied careers. As a case in point, a former housing analyst discusses problems with the emphases of graduate training versus the realities of a career in applied housing research. Issues discussed include the importance of an in-depth knowledge of the applied area, the need for broad sociological scope as opposed to substantive and theoretical specialization and statistical/methodological skills. To more closely mesh educational experience with the demands of the applied workplace, graduate programs might offer a variety of options within a broadly defined applied track, expand opportunities for students to gain applied experience and recruit faculty members from an applied background.
In vitro glucocorticoid studies in human lymphoma: Clinical and biologic significance

Abstract To determine if glucocorticoid receptor levels could be used to predict response of patients to glucocorticoid therapy we have initiated a series of studies on patients and normal volunteers. Our major conclusions to date are: (1) All lymphomas appear to have measurable numbers of glucocorticoid receptors pretreatment. (2) Lymphoma cells have significantly more receptors than lymphocytes from non-malignant lymph nodes. (3) Among lymphomas there is a wide range in receptor number which is not predicted by histology. (4) Tumor receptor levels obtained simultaneously from different tissues in the same patient often vary. (5) In vivo administration of glucocorticoid rapidly results in a fall in receptor levels in lymphoid tissue which persists for as long as 17 days; thus patients should not have received glucocorticoid therapy for at least three weeks before receptors are assayed. (6) Tumor receptor levels at relapse are usually lower than at diagnosis in patients who have previously received glucocorticoid therapy and responded. (7) Tumor glucocorticoid receptor levels are significantly higher in patients who respond to a short course of glucocorticoid than they are in patients who fail to respond. Our studies suggest that glucocorticoid receptor determinations may allow us to select pretreatment those lymphoma patients who should receive glucocorticoid as part of their therapy.
The specificity of juvenile hormone esterase revisited

Abstract Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) catalyses the transesterification of juvenile hormones (JH) in the presence of appropriate alcohols to yield ethyl, propyl or butyl JH esters. Using baculovirus-expressed, recombinant Heliothis virescens JHE or hemolymph from several species, we have produced 200–300 μg of JH III ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl esters from 1.0 mg JH III incubated in 30% ( v v ) ethanol, 10% 1-propanol or 5% 1-butanol. Alternatively, highly pure JH ethyl esters were chemically synthesized by treating JH acids with diazoethane. Structures were verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The hemolymph of Manduca sexta, Tenebrio molitor, Trichoplusia ni, or Schistocerca americana, or recombinant H. virescens JHE all exhibit the same trend in JH ester hydrolysis rate: methyl = ethyl>n-propyl>n-butyl. In contrast, Blaberus giganteus hemolymph hydrolyses JH methyl esters at a four-fold higher rate than JH ethyl esters, but does not hydrolyse JH n-propyl or n-butyl esters at measurable rates. (2Z,6E)-JH I ethyl ester, a significant by-product of the commonly utilized KCN-catalysed transesterification of (2E,6E)-JH I, is not hydrolysed by M. sexta hemolymph or H. virescens recombinant JHE. (2Z,6E)-JH I ethyl ester and (2Z,6E)-JH I ethyl ester diol are metabolized at only slightly lower rates than the corresponding (2E,6E) isomers by M. sexta juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) and JH diol phosphotransferase (JHDPT), respectively. (2E,6E)-JH I and (2E,6E)-JH I ethyl ester injected into M. sexta larvae yield the same spectrum of metabolites, as do (2E,6E)-JH I diol and (2E,6E)-JH I ethyl ester diol. (2Z,6E)-JH I ethyl ester, however, is converted only to the diol and diol-phosphate metabolites by M. sexta in vivo.
Development and initial testing of an empirical forcefield for simulation of poly(alkylthiophenes).

Abstract Conductive polymers from the polythiophene (PT) family have attracted interest in numerous domains, including potential applications in biosensing. Despite this, atomistic simulations of PTs have tended to use general organic force fields without well-tuned PT parameters, and there exists no optimized and well-validated PT force field that is compatible and consistent with existing biomolecular simulation suites. We present here the development of a new PT forcefield following the AMBER approach, using the program ANTECHAMBER and ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31G* level of theory to assign partial charges and parameterize the critical backbone torsion potential. The optimized geometries and force field potentials match well with both empirical data and previous investigators’ calculations. Initial testing of these parameters through a series of replica exchange simulations of two PT derivatives in aqueous and organic implicit solvents demonstrates that the parameters can match empirical expectations within the limits of an implicit solvent model. This new force field forms a framework for modeling of proposed PT-based devices and sensors, and is expected to accelerate device design and eventual deployment.
Practicing with the evidence.

Most practicing orthodontists were taught to start treatment early in the correction of severe Class II malocclusions. The philosophy was that this would produce the most successful outcomes. However, a recent series of high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) has shattered that belief, leading to frustration and confusion in the orthodontic community. This paper will compare the statements of my Bexperience-based treatment philosophy[ to the results of a 10-year trial conducted at University of North Carolina (UNC; Fig 1). Following this are examples of how to manage 3 different cases using an evidence-based approach. The beliefs of most orthodontists prior to the publication of these trials can be summed up in the following paragraph.
Recursive Matrix Inverse Update On An Optical Processor

A high accuracy optical linear algebraic processor (OLAP) using the digital multiplication by analog convolution (DMAC) algorithm is described for use in an efficient matrix inverse update algorithm with speed and accuracy advantages. The solution of the parameters in the algorithm are addressed and the advantages of optical over digital linear algebraic processors are advanced.
Federal criminal justice legislation and the post-World War II social structure of accumulation in the United States

This article explores the relationship between the political economy and the criminal justice system through an analysis of the impact of long economic cycles in the social structure of accumulation on U.S. federal criminal justice legislation from 1948 to 1987. An analysis is conducted which compares both qualitative and quantitative changes in these legislative acts from the period of economic expansion (1948 to 1967) to the period of contraction (1968 to 1987). The research findings of this investigation indicate that mechanisms of social control intensify during periods of prolonged economic contraction; however, the concept of an “exceptional state”, with a proportional increase in more coercive crime control strategies, is somewhat challenged.
Comparison of stimulus control and reinforcement control effects on imitative behavior

Abstract An attempt was made to evaluate reinforcement and stimulus control of imitative and non-imitative behavior. The imitative response required the subject to duplicate the experimenter's response by matching blocks that varied in color. The factor designed to evaluate stimulus control was fading, a procedure that systematically varies the differences between the imitative and non-imitative stimuli. The topography and duration of the non-imitative stimuli were faded in. The factors designed to evaluate reinforcement control were differential reinforcement of non-imitative behavior and time out from positive reinforcement. The results showed stimulus control of non-imitation to be more important than reinforcement control, and that reinforcing events were not sufficient to control non-imitation; while the arrangement of stimulus events was sufficient to control non-imitation. These results were related to studies providing evidence for the processes of discrimination and generalization.
Packing density and gas permeability of copolyimides containing bicyclo[2,2,2]oct‐7‐ene‐2,3,5,6‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride constituent

Packing density and gas permeability of two copolyimide series containing an alicyclic monomer, bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA), and a fluorinated monomer, hexafluoroisopropylidene,2,2-bis(phthalic acid anhydride) (6FDA), were measured. Incorporation of a rigid BCDA segment in 6FDA polyimides either increases gas permeability or improves gas selectivity, depending on the base 6FDA polyimide. In the case of the highly gas permeable 6FDA polyimide, introduction of BCDA further increases gas permeability despite a loss in the amount of free volume. In the moderately gas permeable 6FDA polyimide, on the other hand, the introduction improves gas selectivity. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A class of adaptive distribution-free procedures

Abstract The adaptive nonparametric procedures developed in Hill et al. (J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C 37 (1988) 205–218) for the problems of testing for ordered alternatives and multiple comparisons, in one-way analysis of variance, are further expanded to include the problem of ties and the related estimation problems. Some applications are provided. The supremacy of these procedures over the usual parametric procedure based on the sample means, and the usual nonparametric procedure (based on ranks) is established.
A tensor method for the kinematical analysis of systems of ridid bodies

Abstract A tensor-algebraic method is presented for the general kinematical analysis of an arbitrary system of n rigid bodies. A corotational basis is attached to each rigid body, and the corresponding corotational rates of vectors are discussed. When a common basis is chosen in the reference configurations of the n rigid bodies, the corotational bases can be related to one another in a simpler manner. The theory is applicable to both robotic systems and spatial mechanisms. The results are also specialized to the planar case. Two illustrative examples, one spatial and the other planar, are included.
Ernest Fremont tittle: A pulpit critic of the American social order

(1966). Ernest Fremont tittle: A pulpit critic of the American social order. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 364-370.
Characterization of Measurements in Quantum Communications

A characterization of quantum measurements by operator valued measures is presented. The generalized measurements include simultaneous approximate measurement of noncommuting observables. This characterization is suitable for solving problems in quantum communication. Two realizations of such measurements are discussed. The first is by adjoining an apparatus to the system under observation and performing a measurement corresponding to a self-adjoint operator in the tensor-product Hilbert space of the system and apparatus spaces. The second realization is by performing, on the system alone, sequential measurements that correspond to self-adjoint operators, basing the choice of each measurement on the outcomes of previous measurements. Simultaneous generalized measurements are found to be equivalent to a single finer grain generalized measurement, and hence it is sufficient to consider the set of single measurements. An alternative characterization of generalized measurement is proposed. It is shown to be equivalent to the characterization by operator-values measures, but it is potentially more suitable for the treatment of estimation problems. Finally, a study of the interaction between the information-carrying system and a measurement apparatus provides clues for the physical realizations of abstractly characterized quantum measurements.
Voltage-independent barium-permeable channel activated in Lymnaea neurons by internal perfusion or patch excision.

Isolated nerve cells fromLymnaea stagnalis were studied using the internal-perfusion and patch-clamp techniques. Patch excision frequently activated a voltage-independent Ba2+-permeable channel with a slope conductance of 27 pS at negative potentials (50mm Ba2+). This channel is not seen in patches on healthy cells and, unlike the voltage-dependent Ca channel, is not labile in isolated patches. The activity of the channel in inside-out patches is unaffected by intracellular ATP, Ca2+ below 1mm or the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase but is reversibly blocked by millimolar intracellular Ca2+ or Ba2+. The channel can be activated in on-cell patches by either internal perfusion with high Ca2+ or the long-term internal perfusion of low Ca2+ solutions not containing ATP. These channels may carry the inward Ca2+ current which causes a regenerative increase in intracellular Ca+ when snail neurons are perfused with high Ca2+ solutions. High internal Ca2+, or long periods of internal perfusion with ATP-free solutions, induces an increase in a resting (−50 mV) whole-cell Ba2+ conductance. This conductance can be turned off by returning the intracellular perfusate to a low Ca2+ solution containing ATP and Mg2+. The activity of this channel appears to have an opposite dependence on intracellular conditions to that of the voltage-dependent Ca channel.
Response of Cultivars of Race Durango to Continual Dry Bean Versus Rotational Production Systems

Continual dry bean (CB, Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the same field for 2 or more consecutive years is common worldwide. However, the effects on and performance of dry bean cultivars in the CB production system is not known. The objectives of this research were to (i) determine effects of the CB production system on seed yield, seed weight, and days to maturity of race Durango cultivars; (ii) determine the correlations for those three traits between the CB and rotational production (RP) systems; and (iii) identify superior cultivars within and across both production systems. Medium-sized (25-40 g 100 seed -1 ) cultivars of great northern (8), pink (3), pinto (9), and red (5) of race Durango released between 1932 and 1998 were evaluated from 1999 to 2001 in a field that had been under 50 yr of CB production at the University of Idaho, Kimberly Research and Extension Center. Concurrently, they were evaluated under the standard RP system. The cultivar effects and cultivar X year interaction effects were significant (P < 0.01) for seed yield, seed weight, and days to maturity in both production systems. Continual dry bean production reduced mean seed yield by 68%, seed weight by 11%, and days to maturity by 6 d. Large differences among cultivars existed within and between market classes in both production systems. On average, great northern and pinto cultivars had the greatest reduction (71%) and pink (56%) followed by red (66%) cultivars had the least reduction in seed yield due to CB production. Cultivars UI 537, UI 239, Viva, and Harold had the highest levels of resistance to CB production. Despite significant (P < 0.01) positive phenotypic correlation between the two production systems for seed yield (r 2 = 0.70), seed weight (r 2 = 0.90), and days to maturity (r2 = 0.67), testing of dry bean cultivars using both production systems is suggested for identification of superior cultivars to be grown either within or across production systems.
Supporting package software documentation: options for user services groups

In this presentation, I wish only to encourage a thoughtful use of software package documentation by User Service Groups (hereafter USGs). I do not wish to give specific advice. USGs vary enormously in many ways, including size, available resources, span of control, and types of software supported. What is good advice for one is bound to be bad advice for several others. After hearing about the aims of package documentation and the options for implementing them in an overall USG strategy, a given USG staff may well decide to make no changes at all in its current treatment of software documentation packages. Hopefully, though, this will be because of a conscious decision to make no changes in spite of a knowledge of other options, and not because of an unexamined commitment to a default position. With this disclaimer out of the way, let's turn to our topic.To the degree that User Services Groups are involved in technology transfer, they have an inherent interest in three general areas of the technology transfer enterprise: education,troubleshooting, andconsulting.Software package documentation has now evolved to the point where it routinely addresses these three areas, with clear benefits for organizations which have USGs. To make best use of software documentation, however, it is helpful to remember that different documentation components have different aims, and that a range of options exists for using each component in a USG environment. An awareness of these points can assist USGs in deciding which options best fit their particular circumstances.Software package components: In general, products which purport to be “end-user” software will usually include three components in their documentation which need ongoing management: a tutorial,a “Help Key”, andprinted detail documentation.
Semantic Role Labeling

This book is aimed at providing an overview of several aspects of semantic role labeling. Chapter 1 begins with linguistic background on the definition of semantic roles and the controversies surrounding them. Chapter 2 describes how the theories have led to structured lexicons such as FrameNet, VerbNet and the PropBank Frame Files that in turn provide the basis for large scale semantic annotation of corpora. This data has facilitated the development of automatic semantic role labeling systems based on supervised machine learning techniques. Chapter 3 presents the general principles of applying both supervised and unsupervised machine learning to this task, with a description of the standard stages and feature choices, as well as giving details of several specific systems. Recent advances include the use of joint inference to take advantage of context sensitivities, and attempts to improve performance by closer integration of the syntactic parsing task with semantic role labeling. Chapter 3 also discusses the impact the granularity of the semantic roles has on system performance. Having outlined the basic approach with respect to English, Chapter 4 goes on to discuss applying the same techniques to other languages, using Chinese as the primary example. Although substantial training data is available for Chinese, this is not the case for many other languages, and techniques for projecting English role labels onto parallel corpora are also presented. Table of Contents: Preface / Semantic Roles / Available Lexical Resources / Machine Learning for Semantic Role Labeling / A Cross-Lingual Perspective / Summary
Infrared studies of cryogenic transitions in poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Measurements of infrared absorbance as a function of temperature down to 77°K have been made on poly(ethylene terephthalate). Transitions observed by other techniques such as torsion pendulum measurements are reflected in the infrared measurements by an abrupt change in the slope of the absorbance versus temperature. The infrared measurements are made on bands of known structural origin so the structures contributing to each transition can be determined. The β transition is shown by infrared to be a composite of two peaks with the lower-temperature portion arising from the amorphous regions and the higher-temperature portion from the crystalline regions.
Molecular Phylogenetics, Molecular Evolution, and Patterns of Clade Support in Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) and Related Taxa

Abstract Utilizing 10 cpDNA regions and thorough taxon sampling, a phylogeny is reconstructed for Lithospermum and related members of both Lithospermeae, the tribe to which it is assigned, and Boraginaceae. Lithospermum is supported as monophyletic, and the genus is hypothesized to have originated in the Old World, after which there was one colonization of the New World. The heterostylous breeding system is inferred to have originated within Lithospermum either seven times or six times with one loss, and with other independent origins within Lithospermeae. The stability of the 10-region matrix is investigated, as are the number and combination of regions necessary to accurately reconstruct phylogenies. The combination of concatenated regions is important, and the following regions are recommended for future phylogenetic studies of genera of Boraginaceae: the rpl16 intron, matK, psbA-trnH, trnL-rpl32, and trnQ-rps16. The use of these recommended regions is conservative, and it contrasts with most intragene...
A method for the initiation and maintenance of permanent rat submandibular gland epithelial cell cultures.

Abstract A method was described for permanent cell cultures of rat submandibular gland epithelial cells. Under sterile conditions, the capsule was removed and the gland minced through a large mesh sieve. The resultant clumps were allowed to settle and then were harvested and replated with 0.1 per cent Versene in a modified ring cylinder technique. This resulted in 3–4 cell epithelial colonies which were again harvested with 0.1 per cent Versene and replated as permanent cultures. Subculturing for the first five subcultures was performed using Versene without trypsin. The use of trypsin for initiating the cultures or the early subcultures resulted in fibroblast rather than epithelial cell survival.
Thoracoscopy: A Safe, Accurate Diagnostic Procedure Using the Rigid Thoracoscope and Local Anesthesia

A thoracoscopic examination was performed in 41 patients under local anesthesia in the lateral decubitus Position. Prior thoracocentesis (38 patients) and blind biopsy with an Abrams' needle (32 patients) had been nondiagnostic. The initial nine patients were examined with the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, yielding a diagnostic accuracy of 56 percent (five cases). This technique was discontinued when two patients had normal findings on biopsies, despite the visual observation of later diagnosed carcinoma. Subsequent thoracoscopic procedures were performed with a rigid 11-mm single-puncture thoracoscope (Storz), which was diagnostic in 28 (88 percent) of the remaining 32 patients. A hemothorax (400 ml) was the only potentially serions complication. Twelve patients were prospectively monitored during the thoracoscopic procedure for changes in cardiac rhythm and oxygen saturation. Sinus tachycardia was the only arrhythmia observed. The mean fall in oxygen saturation was 1.4 percent. We conclude that thoracoscopic examination with the rigid thoracoscope is diagnostically superior to the fiberoptic bronchoscope and is a safe procedure which can be performed under local anesthesia.
Reaction to Self‐Attributed Victim Responsibility: A Comparative Analysis of Rape Crisis Counselors and Lay Observers1

This research examined observers' reactions to sexual assault victims engaging in different forms of self-attributed responsibility. Theory and research suggests that behavioral responsibility contributes positively to the coping process of victims, whereas characterological responsibility impedes it. For observers in the present study, the expression of either type of self-responsibility by a rape victim resulted in a more negative impression of the victim's emotional well-being and greater attribution of responsibility to the victim in comparison to a victim relying solely on chance explanations. Moreover, this bias was evident among rape crisis counselors as well as lay observers. Discussion considered the implications of such biased perceptions for sexual assault victims and the need for a fuller understanding of the nature of self-attributions of responsibility by victims.
Cholinergic modulation of immunoglobulin secretion from avian plasma cells: The role of calcium

The existence of a functional connection between the nervous and immune systems has long been argued. To determine if such a link exists in the secretory immune system, we have examined the avian lacrimal gland (Harderian gland) which contains large numbers of plasma cells. We have shown that these plasma cells bind an antibody to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and that carbachol, an acetylcholine agonist, increases the secretion rate of IgG by these cells above a constitutive baseline level. This neurotransmitter-dependent increase of immunoglobulin secretion requires an influx of Ca2+, whereas the constitutive baseline secretion is apparently less dependent on such a flux. Furthermore, the Ca2+ flux appears to be mediated by voltage-dependent calcium channels. These data support the hypothesis that plasma cells can respond to neurotransmitters and, in the case of acetylcholine, increase immunoglobulin secretion.
Brillouin study of the hexagonal—orthorhombic phase transition in LiKSO4

Brillouin spectra of lithium potassium sulfate have been obtained in its hexagonal phase from room temperature to the orthorhombic phase transition temperature at 435°C. The ν11 longitudinal sound velocity corresponding to the C11 elastic coefficient undergoes a smooth decrease with increasing temperature; the maximum decrease is 6.0% at T0=435°C and the temperature dependence of ν11 satisfies an expression of form with B=(1.13±0.04) × 10−4K−1, C = (0.9±0.1) K and Tc = (467±6)°C=(740±6)K.