cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Databasing and georeferencing historical collections to discover potential sites for rare and endangered plants of New York, U.S.A.

Over 400 years of natural history inventories of preserved specimens and vouchers in museums and research institutions are now important repositories of invaluable information and permanent records documenting life on earth. Plant collections, in particular, play roles in understanding climate change, conservation modeling, molecular and medicinal studies, invasive-species management, and biodiversity assessments. Researchers reexamine these collections in order to establish conservation priorities for threatened and endangered taxa. Herbarium specimens, spanning many decades, can provide data on a natural population’s geographical range and its shift over time. Although historical specimens provide valuable information about past distributions, label information may lack geographic coordinates or precise locations, or may have descriptions that are too vague or confusing to be useful. Here we present a case study for plant specimens collected by Thomas F. Lucy in the late 1800’s in Chemung County, New York. The goal of this research was to determine if Lucy’s label localities could be improved using historical land use and topographic maps, and georeferenced using Google Earth©. Lucy documented 134 plant families for the Chemung County area: 106 species of flowering plants (ca. 982 taxa, excluding hybrids), 12 fern and fern allies (48 taxa), 13 mosses (21 taxa), and one species each for lichens, liverworts, and algae. Nine taxa are noteworthy for the state of New York. Fourteen taxa are listed as endangered, threatened, or unknown: Chaerophyllum procumbens (Apiaceae), Arabis shortii (Brassicaceae), Cacalia suaveoleus and Lactuca floridana (Compositae), Carex retroflexa (Cyperaceae), Hydrangea arborescens (Hydrangeaceae), Allium cernuum and Chamaelirium luteum (Liliaceae), Liparis lilifolia and Platanthera hookeri (Orchidaceae), Polygonum erectum (Polygonaceae), Lysimachia quadrifolia (Primulaceae), Geum virginianum (Rosaceae) and Vitis vulpine (Vitaceae). Nine other plants are recommended for protection: Panax quinquefolius (Araliaceae), Rudbeckia fulgida (Compositae), Carex conjuncta (Cyperaceae), Pterospora andromedea (Ericaceae), Aesculus grabra (Hippocastanaceae), Epilobium ciliatum (Onagraceae), Cypripedium arietinum (Orchidaceae), and Calamagrostis porteri and Panicum scoparium (Poaceae).
Thalidomide induced early gene expression perturbations indicative of human embryopathy in mouse embryonic stem cells

Developmental toxicity testing has traditionally relied on animal models which are costly, time consuming, and require the sacrifice of large numbers of animals. In addition, there are significant disparities between human beings and animals in their responses to chemicals. Thalidomide is a species-specific developmental toxicant that causes severe limb malformations in humans but not in mice. Here, we used microarrays to study transcriptomic changes induced by thalidomide in an in vitro model based on differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). C57BL/6 mESCs were allowed to differentiate spontaneously and RNA was collected at 24, 48, and 72h after exposure to 0.25mM thalidomide. Global gene expression analysis using microarrays revealed hundreds of differentially expressed genes upon thalidomide exposure that were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and canonical pathways associated with embryonic development and differentiation. In addition, many genes were found to be involved in small GTPases-mediated signal transduction, heart development, and inflammatory responses, which coincide with clinical evidences and may represent critical embryotoxicities of thalidomide. These results demonstrate that transcriptomics in combination with mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation is a promising alternative model for developmental toxicity assessment.
Advanced Estimation and Optimization for Air Traffic Surveillance

1 In this chapter we present the development and implementation of a multisensor-multitarget tracking algorithm for large scale air traffic surveillance based on IMM state estimation combined with a 2-dimensional assignment for data association. The algorithm can be used to track a large number of targets from measurements obtained with a large number of radars. The use of the algorithm is illustrated on measurements obtained from 5 FAA radars, which are asynchronous, heterogeneous and geographically distributed over a large area. Both secondary radar data (beacon returns from cooperative targets) as well as primary radar data (skin returns from non-cooperative targets) are used. The target IDs from the beacon returns are not used in the data association. The surveillance region includes about 800 targets that exhibit different types of motion. The performance of an IMM estimator with linear motion models is compared with that of the Kalman filter. A number of performance measures that can be used on real data without knowledge of the ground truth are presented for this purpose. It is shown that the IMM estimator performs better than the Kalman filter. The advantage of fusing multisensor data is quantified. It is also shown that the computational requirements in the multisensor case are lower than in single sensor case. Finally, an IMM estimator with a nonlinear motion model (coordinated turn) is shown to further improve the performance during the manoeuvering periods over the IMM with linear models.
Seasonal Effects on Seminal Quality, Plasma Hormone Concentrations, and GnRH-Induced LH Response in Fertile and Subfertile Stallions

Seasonal effects on hormonal and seminal parameters in subfertile stallions have not been well documented and could provide information that is needed to understand the underlying endocrine mechanisms associated with testicular dysfunction. Such information may be useful in developing diagnostic tools to identify those stallions who are candidates for treatment. This investigation characterizes and compares the effects of season on endocrine function and seminal quality in fertile and subfertile stallions. Eight fertile and six subfertile stallions between the ages of 5 and 18 years were injected intravenously once every hour for 3 hours with either 1 mL saline on the first experimental day or 5 micrograms gonadotropin-releasing hormone in 1 mL saline on the second experimental day during the nonbreeding and breeding season. Heparinized blood samples were collected periodically through a jugular catheter before and after treatment for analysis of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estrogen conjugates by radioimmunoassay. Semen samples were collected twice, 1 hour apart, from all stallions in both seasons for analysis of volume, concentration, motility, pH, and morphology. A series of low intravenous doses (5 micrograms) of gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced a significant luteinizing hormone response (P less than 0.05) compared with saline treatment in both fertile and subfertile stallions. Fertile stallions had a twofold higher (P less than 0.05) net increase in plasma luteinizing hormone levels (peak levels minus baseline levels) in the breeding seasons than in the nonbreeding season. The magnitude of the luteinizing hormone response relative to baseline levels in fertile stallions, however, was one-and-one-half times greater (P less than 0.05) in the nonbreeding season than in the breeding season. In contrast, season did not have an effect on the net increase in plasma luteinizing hormone or the magnitude of the luteinizing hormone response relative to baseline levels in subfertile stallions. The net increase in plasma luteinizing hormone was similar between the two groups of stallions in both seasons. The magnitude of luteinizing hormone response relative to baseline levels, however, was lower (P less than 0.05) in subfertile stallions (141 +/- 14%) than in fertile stallions (235 +/- 46%) in the nonbreeding season; the two groups exhibited similar responses in the breeding season. Compared with fertile stallions, subfertile stallions had twofold to fourfold higher (P less than 0.05) plasma levels of gonadotropins and similar testosterone levels. The number of total progressively motile sperm was lower (P less than 0.05) in subfertile stallions in both seasons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Towards Performing Ultrasound-Guided Needle Biopsies from within a Head-Mounted Display

Augmented reality is applied to ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the human breast. In a tracked stereoscopic head-mounted display, a physician sees the ultrasound imagery “emanating” from the transducer, properly registered with the patient and the biopsy needle. A physician has successfully used the system to guide a needle into a synthetic tumor within a breast phantom and examine a human patient in preparation for a cyst aspiration.
Algebraic systems biology: theses and hypotheses

What is systems biology? What can biologists gain from an attempt to algebraize the questions in systems biology? Starting with plausible biological theses, can one algebraically model them and then manipulate them to suggest meaningful hypotheses? Using these hypotheses, can one measure and mine suitable experimental data to validate or refute these hypotheses? Through these intertwined processes of measuring, mining, modeling and manipulating biological systems, can one generate the set of theses and hypotheses upon which systems biology will be founded? This review provides one algorithmic-algebraist's somewhat idiosyncratic response to these and other related questions, but also aims to persuade young algebraists to examine the possible role they and algebra can play to enrich this subject.
Chapter 1 Principal structures

Publisher Summary Dynamical systems have grown from various roots into a field of great diversity that interacts with many branches of mathematics as well as with the sciences. This chapter presents a survey to describe the general framework for several principal areas of the theory of dynamical systems. A possible use of this survey is as an introduction to mathematicians unfamiliar with dynamics, and it may be interesting to experts as an overview of a diverse field. The chapter focuses on examples, motivations, informal explanations, and discussion of key special cases or simplified versions of general results of dynamical systems. The chapter introduces a collection of important notions in generic terms—that is, without relying on any specific structure of the dynamical system. It introduces basic examples and intersperse further examples, as well as comments on previously introduced ones. The central structural elements are presented in the chapter in the order: the notions of equivalence, principal constructions, recurrence, and orbit growth.
Lectures on 4d N=1 susy gauge theories

This is a very brief introduction to phases of gauge theories, SQCD, Seiberg duality, dynamical susy breaking, and recent related topics.
Leg Symptom Categories and Rates of Mobility Decline in Peripheral Arterial Disease

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether asymptomatic lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and leg symptoms other than intermittent claudication (IC) in PAD are associated with faster functional decline than in people with both PAD and IC. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Chicago-area medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred fifteen people with PAD followed annually for up to 7 years. MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, patients with PAD were categorized into symptom categories, including IC; leg pain on exertion and rest; participants who could walk through exertional leg pain (pain/carry on); and participants who never experienced exertional leg pain, even during the 6-minute walk (always asymptomatic). Outcomes included mobility loss (becoming unable to walk one-quarter of a mile or walk up and down one flight of stairs without assistance) and becoming unable to complete the 6-minute walk without stopping. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, ankle brachial index, and other confounders. RESULTS: Always-asymptomatic participants (hazard ratio (HR)=2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.39–6.19, P=.005) and those with leg pain on exertion and rest (HR=2.89, 95% CI=1.47–5.68, P=.002) had greater mobility loss than participants with IC. Participants with PAD with leg pain/carry on were less likely (P=.047) to become unable to walk for 6 minutes continuously without stopping than participants with IC. CONCLUSION: The ABI identifies patients with asymptomatic PAD and those with atypical leg symptoms who are at risk for greater mobility decline than participants without PAD and participants with PAD with IC.
Residual carcinoma in the vaginal cuff after radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection.

Abstract An invasive or in situ cancer of the cervix may occasionally extend in an unrecognized form beyond the gross tumor and thus inadvertently be left behind. Such extension of cancer will be recognized only on histologic section and will necessitate a second operation. In the Vincent Memorial Hospital this complication has occurred seven times in 300 cases, or in 2 per cent. One patient died of recurrence without further therapy. Five patients have been reoperated upon and in three cancer was found in the material removed at the second operation. This complication can be dealt with effectively if the surgeon and the pathologist are both aware of its possible occurrence.
Interactions between adenylate cyclase and the yeast GTPase-activating protein IRA1.

Abstract The adenylate cyclase system of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains many proteins, including the CYR1 polypeptide, which is responsible for catalyzing the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP, RAS1 and RAS2 polypeptides, which mediate stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis by guanine nucleotides, and the yeast GTPase-activating protein analog IRA1. We have previously reported that adenylate cyclase is only peripherally bound to the yeast membrane. We have concluded that IRA1 is a strong candidate for a protein involved in anchoring adenylate cyclase to the membrane. We base this conclusion on the following criteria: (i) a disruption of the IRA1 gene produced a mutant with very low membrane-associated levels of adenylate cyclase activity, (ii) membranes made from these mutants were incapable of binding adenylate cyclase in vitro, (iii) IRA1 antibodies inhibit binding of adenylate cyclase to the membrane, and (iv) IRA1 and adenylate cyclase comigrate on Sepharose 4B.
Growth characteristics of a novel nitrogen-fixing cellulolytic bacterium.

Growth characteristics of a cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a marine shipworm by Waterbury et al. (J. B. Waterbury, C. B. Calloway, and R. D. Turner, Science 221:1401-1403, 1983) are described. When grown microaerobically, the bacterium exhibited doubling times of about 2 days in cellulose-supplemented synthetic medium devoid of combined nitrogen. Maximum growth was reached 12 to 16 days after inoculation. Growth optima for pH, temperature, and NaCl concentration were 8.5, 30 to 35°C, and 0.3 M, respectively. During growth the bacterium produced succinic acid (0.026%) and acetic acid (0.010%). Formic acid (0.010%) was produced during the stationary growth phase. No growth was observed when glucose was the sole carbon source. Cellobiose supported weak growth, while longer-chain-length cellodextrins supported extensive growth. Analysis of residual carbohydrates in the medium during growth indicated that the bacterium catabolized a terminal glucose moiety from the cellodextrin chain.
Bromine–t‐Butylamine

(Br2) [7726-95-6] Br2 (MW 159.81) InChI = 1S/Br2/c1-2 InChIKey = GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (tert-BuNH2) [75-64-9] C4H11N (MW 73.14) InChI = 1S/C4H11N/c1-4(2,3)5/h5H2,1-3H3 InChIKey = YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for ortho bromination of phenols1) Alternate Name: bromine–2-methyl-2-propylamine. Solubility: sol toluene. Preparative Method: prepared in situ by addition of bromine to a solution of tert-butylamine in toluene at −20 to −30 °C. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: bromine–tert-butylamine is prepared in situ, and is not generally stored. No particular hazards have been reported for this reagent combination (other than the corrosivity and toxicity hazards associated with bromine and tert-butylamine), but the 1∶1 complex between bromine and trimethylamine has been reported2 to explode when heated in a sealed tube. This reagent should be handled in a fume hood.
DETERGENT SOLUTION FOR PENETRATING STERILIZATION

When it is desired to reduce the degree of infection at bottling to a level safely controllable by pasteurization, use in the filling machines of a soaking solution containing didecyldimethylammonium bromide (l in 2,500) and a polyethylene-glycol non-ionic agent (0.5%) gives satisfactory results.
113Cd NMR spectroscopy of coordination compounds and proteins

Abstract Despite the proven utility of 113Cd NMR chemical shifts for qualitatively or, in some cases, semiquantitatively assessing the nature of ligands at metal binding sites in metalloproteins and for studying enzyme function and mechanisms, it is likely that the full potential of 113Cd spectroscopy as a metallobioprobe has yet to be realized. The development of a more quantitative relationship between structural parameters and 113Cd chemical shift has been hampered in part by the lack of suitable model compounds and chemical dynamics [6]. As described throughout this review, these challenges are currently being met through applications of solid-state and low-temperature solution NMR methods and the design and study of less labile protein model compounds. However, even for cases where dynamics and solvent or anion effects can be ruled out, it appears that ligand atom type and number, bond lengths, coordination geometry, and neighboring atoms (including other metals) all influence 113Cd shifts. Studies of coordination compounds in solution have thus far provided useful information on the influence of donor-atom type and number on isotropic Cd chemical shifts. The influence on shift of coordination geometry and CdL bond lengths will probably only be adequately evaluated using the single crystal approach pioneered by Ellis and co-workers. Studies of the Cd ion bound exclusively by O-donor ligands will likely also be only adequately addressed through solid-state NMR methods due to lability problems with these ligands. In this area, model compounds with O-donor ligands which exhibit the unusual high-field shifts found for ICaBP and HRP are lacking. 113Cd NMR chemical shift information alone is at present inadequate for unambiguous determination of structural features or structural changes at the metal binding sites of metalloproteins. In this regard, HMQC NMR spectroscopy promises to be a particularly useful tool for identifying the ligands which are coordinated to Cd. For cases where ligand exchange or nuclear relaxation rates are high (relative to 1/J), however, this method will not work and determination of structural features may rely exclusively on chemical shift analyses. It is therefore important that both techniques be developed and utilized.
Attachment and Religiousness: Contributions to Young Adult Marital Attitudes and Readiness

In this study (N = 239), Christian religious affiliation, low attachment avoidance, and intrinsic religious motivation contributed uniquely to positive marital attitudes; more serious relational status, low attachment avoidance, and intrinsic religious motivation contributed uniquely to marital readiness. Implications for family counseling practice and research are discussed.
On The Genealogy Of Norms: A Case For The Role Of Emotion In Cultural Evolution*

One promising way to investigate the genealogy of norms is by considering not the origin of norms, but rather what makes certain norms more likely to prevail. Emotional responses, I maintain, constitute one important set of mechanisms that affects the cultural viability of norms. To corroborate this, I exploit historical evidence indicating that sixteenth‐century etiquette norms prohibiting disgusting actions were much more likely to survive than other sixteenth‐century etiquette norms. This case suggests more broadly that research on cultural evolution should pay greater attention to the role of emotion systems in cultural transmission.
The Effect of Specific Dietary Fats on the Blood Lipids of Lactating Goats

Summary The total lipids, phospholipids, free and combined cholesterol and the iodine numbers of the total lipids have been determined in the plasma and cells of the blood of lactating goats receiving in one period a nearly fat-free ration and in other periods the same ration plus certain oils and fatty acids. The fat-free diet consisted of an extracted grain mixture, regenerated cellulose, starch, molasses, extracted yeast, an A-D concentrate and a mineral mixture. The oils and acids used were butter oil, coconut oil, palmitic and stearic acids, and oleic and linoleic acids. In the plasma the total lipids, phospholipids and total and free cholesterol dropped gradually on the fat-free diet and rose on the diets containing the fat additions irrespective of the nature of the fat fed. The iodine numbers of the total lipids in the plasma fell on the fat-free diet. With the inclusion of fat in the diet these numbers tended to change in the direction expected on the basis of the iodine number of the fat fed. In the cells the various lipid values tended to remain constant and showed no changes which could be correlated either with the nature of the diet or the changes in the plasma. The cholesterol in the cells was almost entirely in the free state while in the plasma it was present chiefly in the combined form. In general this blood picture is similar to that reported for non-lactating animals of other species. It thus appears that the constant withdrawal of blood lipids for the secretion of milk does not alter the essential nature of the changes in these lipids which are brought about by changes in the diet.
The possible relationship between heme synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis

Abstract Administration of allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) 1 to rats causes a rapid induction of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase. Liver mitochondria obtained from animals after AIA treatment had a 50–60% greater rate of amino acid incorporation in vitro as compared to mitochondria from control animals. Similarly, pulselabeling by ( 3 H) leucine in vivo was stimulated 50% in submitochondrial fractions containing proteins insoluble in acetic acid and a membranous preparation of cytochrome oxidase. Previous studies had indicated that 15–20% of the proteins in these fractions were labeled in vivo by a cycloheximide-insensitive system, presumably that of the mitochondria ( Fed. Eur. Biol. Soc. Lett. 9, 232 1970). In time-course studies, it was observed that increased incorporation of ( 14 C)glycine into heme in vivo followed shortly after ALA synthetase induction. A slight decay occurred before the incorporation of ( 3 H)leucine into cytochrome oxidase or total mitochondrial protein was stimulated. At these latter times a 20–30% increase in the cytochrome content was also observed. Administration of aminotriazole, an inhibitor of ALA dehydratase and hence overall heme synthesis, prevented the stimulation of leucine incorporation in vivo and the increase in cytochrome content observed after AIA treatment. These results suggest that mitochondrial protein synthesis and cytochrome formation may be stimulated when heme biosynthesis is increased due to ALA synthetase induction.
Use of an infection control pocket reference card for healthcare providers in a university-based medical center

ISSUE: There is a great need for continual education and reinforcement of infection control (IC) practices that is rapid and easily accessible. This is particularly true in large medical centers where the number and turnover of house staff and employees is substantial. These issues contributed to the need for an easy, point-of-care reference card for isolation categories and IC policies. Enhanced collaboration between the healthcare providers and the IC team is also needed. PROJECT: Pocket-sized reference cards focused on IC topics were developed. Two versions were created, the first one aimed at physicians and the second at other frontline healthcare professionals, particularly nursing staff. Both versions of the card contain descriptions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) isolation categories including organism-specific guidelines, the manner in which isolation may be discontinued, certain protocols, important reminders, and IC contact information. The physician card contained additional detailed information regarding Tuberculosis isolation. The cards were distributed at staff orientation, during formal educational lectures, and at the point of care by the IC team. The intent of the cards was to aid the healthcare provider in making accurate and timely decisions regarding IC at the point of care. RESULTS: To date, 600 physician and 1200 heathcare professional cards have been distributed throughout the medical center. The cards have been strongly accepted by the medical and nursing staff. Several patient care units requested additional cards and had them laminated for the staff. Subjectively, there has been a decrease in the number of calls to IC regarding basic isolation procedures. IC staff is beginning to be seen as an important part of the patient care team. This is imperative as governmental and patient safety organizations are looking for evidence that IC is an active member of the healthcare team. LESSONS LEARNED: The card's acceptance and ease of use demonstrates the need for more quick reference and educational material that focuses on IC policies and practices. The success of this basic intervention suggests that other modes of information delivery, such as use of personal data assistant (PDA) devices and an IC Website, may also be useful tools for dissemination of IC-related information.
Mitochondrial DNA damage and impaired base excision repair during epileptogenesis

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are acute consequences of status epilepticus (SE). However, the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and genomic instability during epileptogenesis remains unknown. Using the kainate animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we investigated oxidative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and changes in the mitochondrial base excision repair pathway (mtBER) in the rat hippocampus for a period of 3 months after SE. Acute seizure activity caused a time-dependent increase in mitochondrial, but not nuclear 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG/2dG) levels and a greater frequency of mtDNA lesions. This was accompanied by increased mitochondrial H2O2 production and a transient decrease in mtDNA repair capacity. The mtBER proteins 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (Ogg1) and DNA polymerase gamma (Pol γ) demonstrated elevated expression at mRNA and protein levels shortly after SE and this was followed by a gradual improvement in mtDNA repair capacity. Recurrent seizures associated with the chronic phase of epilepsy coincided with the accumulation of mtDNA damage, increased mitochondrial H2O2 levels, decreased expression of Ogg1 and Pol γ and impaired mtDNA repair capacity. Together, increased oxidative mtDNA damage, mitochondrial H2O2 production and alterations in the mtBER pathway provide evidence for mitochondrial oxidative stress in epilepsy and suggest that mitochondrial injury may contribute to epileptogenesis.
Curvilinear Structure Tracking by Low Rank Tensor Approximation with Model Propagation

Robust tracking of deformable object like catheter or vascular structures in X-ray images is an important technique used in image guided medical interventions for effective motion compensation and dynamic multi-modality image fusion. Tracking of such anatomical structures and devices is very challenging due to large degrees of appearance changes, low visibility of X-ray images and the deformable nature of the underlying motion field as a result of complex 3D anatomical movements projected into 2D images. To address these issues, we propose a new deformable tracking method using the tensor-based algorithm with model propagation. Specifically, the deformable tracking is formulated as a multi-dimensional assignment problem which is solved by rank-1 l1 tensor approximation. The model prior is propagated in the course of deformable tracking. Both the higher order information and the model prior provide powerful discriminative cues for reducing ambiguity arising from the complex background, and consequently improve the tracking robustness. To validate the proposed approach, we applied it to catheter and vascular structures tracking and tested on X-ray fluoroscopic sequences obtained from 17 clinical cases. The results show, both quantitatively and qualitatively, that our approach achieves a mean tracking error of 1.4 pixels for vascular structure and 1.3 pixels for catheter tracking.
Psyche and Society in Sendak’s In the Night Kitchen

While Where the Wild Things Are may be Maurice Sendak’s most popular book, In the Night Kitchen is arguably the greater work. Though his journey in Wild Things shares many of the elements of Mickey’s adventure in Night Kitchen—swinging between the protagonist’s initiatory verbal assertions and silent, completely pictorial spreads that indicate his eventual dominance over his environment—Max’s story is ultimately only a narrative of the self. Where the Wild Things Are is a beautiful exploration of how Max (the maximum boy) is able to use an imaginative journey to create an individual personality that fills the world around him. But Mickey must confront something more than merely a projection of his own desires. Mickey, unlike Max, is diminutive in his fantasy world, and his adventure is a true dream shaped willy-nilly by his lived experience, not a daydream tailored to defend the ego. The story told as Mickey learns to navigate the Night Kitchen is essentially a social narrative—more realistic, more challenging, and with greater overall dividends than Max’s adventure. We can see this in the ways In the Night Kitchen combines four sorts of ingredients—Sendak’s own life, the psychology of dreaming, popular culture, and the immigrant experience—into a subtle, captivating tale of the self and society.
Instrumentalist Perspectives on the `Public' in Public Education: Incentives and Purposes:

Recent structural reforms of education highlight an emerging recognition of the difference between `public education' and `public schools.' Traditional perspectives emphasized ownership, governance, processes, and other institutional criteria in assessing the public nature of schooling. Yet many theorists and reformers now call for a focus on the effects of schools as instruments for serving consumer preferences—a perspective referred to here as instrumentalism. This analysis draws from the implementation of reform policies in one state to examine both the politics and political economy of instrumentalist approaches to public education. Attempts to expand the definition of public education to include independent providers are shown to change the incentive structures that define the public- and private-good effects of schooling. Consequently, the analysis suggests that efforts to elevate private-good aspects of education place schools in marketized environments, negating some of the public-good aspects of ...
An Improvement to: The Reaction of FD&C Red #3 (Erythrosin B) with Hypochlorite

This communication describes an improvement to a published chemical kinetics experiment using the reaction of FD&C Red #3 (erythrosin B) with hypochlorite. The original protocol failed to take into account the effect of the ionic strength on the measured rate of decolorization of FD&C Red #3. The modification described herein offers a significant improvement in the experimental outcome.
Outcome of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Evaluated for Heart Transplant: A Multi-Center Study

Purpose The prevalence of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) has increased with improved surgical outcomes in childhood. Heart transplant (HT) is an option for ACHD with heart failure (HF) but studies have shown higher 30-day mortality vs. other adult recipients. This study reviews outcomes of ACHD referred for HT. Methods and Materials All ACHD (≥18 yrs) referred for HT since 2000 to 4 large volume centers were identified. Characteristics were compared among those listed and not listed for HT. Survival from time of evaluation for each group was examined. Results Of 45 ACHD patients evaluated for HT from 2000-2012, diagnosis was single ventricle in 21 (47%) of which 17 had Fontan, transposition of great arteries (15), Tetralogy of Fallot (5), and other (4). Mean age was 29±11 years. Groups were similar in age, sex, and PRA status, but fewer listed patients were single ventricle (33% vs 67%, p=0.03). Among 27 listed, 26 had HT at a median wait time of 168 days (IQR: 22-458). At HT, 6 (23%) were UNOS status 1A, 3 on mechanical circulatory support, 2 ventilated, 10 on iv inotropes, and 7 hospitalized. Among 18 evaluated but not listed, 11 were deemed too high risk including 6 for liver disease and 1 for pulmonary hypertension, 5 too well, and 2 unknown. Survival after evaluation was similar Figure 1 . Conclusions The 1- and 10-year HT survival for ACHD in this cohort was comparable to published survival in the overall adult HT population. HT is a viable option for ACHD, but careful candidate selection is critical to ensure optimal outcomes for this high risk population. Similar survival in ACHD patients who were not listed underscores the need for careful selection as evidence for HF management and transplant suitability are lacking in ACHD.
Impulsivity and the Self-Defeating Behavior of Narcissists

Currently prominent models of narcissism (e.g., Morf and Rhodewalt, 2001) primarily explain narcissists' self-defeating behaviors in terms of conscious cognitive and affective processes. We propose that the disposition of impulsivity may also play an important role. We offer 2 forms of evidence. First, we present a meta-analysis demonstrating a strong positive relationship between narcissism and impulsivity. Second, we review and reinterpret the literature on 3 hallmarks of narcissism: self-enhancement, aggression, and negative long-term outcomes. Our reinterpretation argues that impulsivity provides a more parsimonious explanation for at least some of narcissists' self-defeating behavior than do existing models. These 2 sources of evidence suggest that narcissists' quest for the status and recognition they so intensely desire is thwarted, in part, by their lack of the self-control necessary to achieve those goals.
Effects of Antiviral Therapy for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and a Positive Intestinal Biopsy for Cytomegalovirus

Background & Aims Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen; documented tissue involvement of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with adverse outcomes. We quantified the density of CMV inclusions in biopsy specimens from patients with IBD and assessed their response to antiviral therapy. Methods In a case-control study, we identified all small bowel and colon biopsy specimens collected from 1111 patients with IBD that had been submitted to the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, to evaluate for CMV in intestinal tissue from 2005 through 2011. All positive cases were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of CMV in tissue. We determined the number of viral inclusions in each processed biopsy sample. Biopsy specimens with 5 or more inclusions were considered to have high-grade CMV density. We collected data on response to antiviral therapy and history of surgical resection within 1 year after diagnosis of CMV in tissue. CMV-negative samples (controls) were selected from the same IBD population. Primary outcomes included clinical improvement, hospital admission, time to admission, need for surgical procedures, time to surgery, escalation of therapy, and relapse of CMV infection. Results In our analysis of the biopsy samples, 68 (6%) were found to contain CMV. Follow-up data and treatment outcomes were available from 50 cases, including 16 patients with high-grade CMV density (all treated) and 34 with low-grade CMV density (20 treated). There was no overall difference in survival, free of surgery, between patients with or without CMV 1 year after diagnosis in tissue. Antiviral treatment improved surgery-free survival outcomes of patients with CMV infection—particularly of patients with high-grade CMV density. Conclusions Patients with IBD and a high density of CMV inclusions in intestinal biopsy specimens benefit from antiviral therapy. Patients with fewer viral inclusions in biopsy specimens also might benefit, but the severity of the IBD should be the prime consideration in determining treatment strategies.
Does infection with environmental mycobacteria suppress the protective response to subsequent vaccination with BCG

Using a guinea pig model of experimental airborne tuberculosis, we were unable to find evidence to support the hypothesis that infection with environmental mycobacteria (M. simiae or M. avium-intracellulare) interferes with the induction of a protective response in animals subsequently vaccinated with BCG.
Separation of catecholamines and their metabolites.

Abstract A method has been described for the separation and determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, metanephrine, normetanephrine, and 3-methoxytyramine in tissue by the use of alumina at pH 6.1, CG-50 and Dowex 50 × 8 resin columns. The greatest usefulness of this method is in radioactive tracer studies in which nonlabeled carriers are added before extraction and fractionation.
Effects of signal duration on the 500-Hz masking-level difference.

Two experiments were conducted to study the masking-level difference (SoNo-S pi No thresholds) for 2-128-ms, 500-Hz tones in 32-dB pressure-spectrum level, continuous broadband noise. In Experiment 1 (N = 8) the Bekesy tracking procedure was used, whereas in Experiment 2 (N = 3) an adaptive, two-interval forced-choice (2IFC) psychophysical procedure was used. The data from both experiments indicated that as the signal duration was shortened from greater than or equal to 100 to approximately 10 ms the SoNo and S pi No threshold integration functions diverged, thereby producing an increase in the masking-level difference. For signal durations less than 10 ms, however, the SoNo and S pi No threshold functions converged and the masking-level difference decreased. In Experiment 2, the mean masking-level difference decreased significantly by 1.7 dB as the signal duration was shortened from 10 to 2 ms. This new finding, which was not anticipated, has recently been confirmed in another laboratory (Cokely & Hall, 1985).
The importance of graduate work in the power field

Further graduate training, either in the colleges or in formal courses organized as part of industry training programs, are essential if the electrical engineer is to be prepared to meet the present and future problems of the electric power industry.
Determination of plutonium dioxide surface areas from x-ray crystallite sizes

An empirical relationship between PuO/sub 2/ surface areas and the x-ray crystallite sizes is described. This relationship permits the oxide surface area to be determined from the easily measured x-ray crystallite size. Fourteen samples of ground and calcined oxide were used for the analyses. It is shown that as crystallite size decreases the surface area increases and that this change is systematic and predictable.
Cylindrical plane strain wave propagation in elastic/viscoplastic media☆

Abstract This paper discusses the influence of strain-hardening and of viscosity on the cylindrical elastic/viscoplastic wave-propagation. Perzyna's model is used with linear viscosity dependence, bilinear quasi-static stressstrain curve and a radial stress is assumed to be suddenly applied on the surface of a cylindrical cavity and maintained constant. It is shown by computer analysis that work-hardening and viscosity affect the results considerably and that at a certain time after the impact load is applied an elastic region appears within the viscoplastically deforming medium.
Optical correlator comparison of near- and far-field inverse synthetic arperture radar (ISAR) imagery

Automatic target recognition has a wide range of applications spanning many different imagery formats. These input formats include, but are not limited to video, infrared imagery, and synthetic aperture radar imagery. Optical correlators, while not the total ATR solution, have the potential to aid in this complex task. One area of recent interest has been near and far field effects in synthetic aperture radar imagery. An optical correlator has been used to qualitatively assess the differences in imagery obtained for both the near and far field cases. Reference filters were made for each case and compared to imagery from the opposite case. The results of these experiments will be presented.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Kinetics of human chromosome loss from 3T3-human hybrid cells

Human chromosomes were lost from populations of 3T3-HeLa and 3T3-diploid human fibroblast (HF) hybrids with similar firstorder kinetics. Whereas loss began immediately in 3T3-HF hybrids, there was a lag of 5–10 cell divisions before chromosome loss began in 3T3-HeLa hybrids. Human chromosome loss was not affected by aminopterin selection, the use of polyethylene glycol rather than Sendai virus as fusagen, or by the presence of one or two 3T3 genomes. However, when cell division was retarded by growing 3T3-HF hybrids in low serum or at low temperatures, fewer human chromosomes were lost. This suggests that cell cycle traverse is important in chromosome loss. The distribution of human chromosomes among hybrid metaphases indicated that gradual chromosome loss occurred in all hybrids rather than extensive loss from a portion of the hybrids. During the period of chromosome loss, increased numbers of individual asynchronously condensed human chromosomes were randomly distributed among hybrid metaphases.
Can drospirenone with 17-beta estradiol safely reduce blood pressure in hypertensive postmenopausal women?

Can drospirenone with 17-β estradiol safely reduce blood pressure in hypertensive postmenopausal women?
SANS Analysis of the Molecular Order in Poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)/Deuterated Dimethylformamide (PBLG/d-DMF) under Shear and during Relaxation

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to measure the overall molecular alignment in solutions of PBLG/d-DMF during and after cessation of steady shear flow. A new technique for resolv...
Efficient execution of pure object-oriented programs by follow-up compilation

Dynamic type checking and method binding slows pure object-oriented programs such as those written in Smalltalk. Dynamic method lookup is needed to support method overriding and type-method conformance. We have developed a platform independent technique that implements method overriding efficiently for pure object-oriented languages. The technique involves binding non-overridden method calls at compile time. The overridden method calls are also resolved (and bound) statically using simple inferences. Overridden method bindings are corrected dynamically using an Overridden Method Dictionary. Using simulations, we demonstrate that this technique offers 35%-70% reduction in the average method lookup delay over the Berkeley Smalltalk implementation. This technique has very low compile time overhead, memory overhead, does not need specialized hardware and allows shared code pages in concurrent programs. For programs which may be re-used, it is proper to have a follow-up compilation to generate efficient code after the program development is complete.
Activation of JNK in the remote myocardium after large myocardial infarction in rats.

Abstract A large myocardial infarction (MI) causes a chronic hemodynamic load on the uninjured remote myocardium (RM). This may lead to oxidative stress, activation of stress-induced cell signaling and increase in myocyte apoptosis. MI was produced in 6 rats (INF) while 4 rats underwent sham operation (CON). At four weeks, there was 128% increase in right ventricular hypertrophy in the hearts from INF vs. CON. Western blot analysis showed 3.8 fold increase in JNK phosphorylation within the RM from INF vs. CON, confirmed by a 4.2 fold increase in JNK kinase activity. There was a 52% increase in TBARS within the RM from INF vs. CON, suggesting increased lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, there was a twofold increase in myocyte apoptosis within the RM in INF vs. CON. We conclude that the RM from INF is associated with activation of JNK, increased oxidative stress and enhanced myocyte apoptosis.
Perceived Stress in Police Officers and Belief in Locus of Control

(1982). Perceived Stress in Police Officers and Belief in Locus of Control. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 157-158.
Determinate growth and variable size at maturity in the marine gastropod Amphissa columbiana

Individuals of Amphissa columbiana from the intertidal zone of San Juan Island, Washington, U.S.A., typically have either shells with very thin, delicate apertural lips, or shells with thick, robust lips. In laboratory observations, thin-lipped snails grew rapidly but were not sexually mature, while thick-lipped snails grew very slowly or not at all and were sexually mature. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that A. columbiana displays determinate growth, as has been inferred for many columbellids on the basis of intraspecific variation in shell form. Sizes of mature snails were very variable, with the largest individuals weighing 4.5 times more than the smallest (wet weight, excluding shell). I tested the hypothesis that maturation and associated shell thickening are phenotypically plastic responses to the presence of predators. Exposure to effluent from the predatory crab Cancer productus in the laboratory had no effect on shell form or relative shell weight (an index of shell thickn...
Leader election outcomes as contextual moderators explaining the different frequencies of action-oriented terms and negation terms used in inaugural speeches of effective versus ineffective leaders and charismatic versus non-charismatic leaders: Evidence from 30 U.S. presidents

Abstract Psychologists have increasingly employed dictionary-based text analysis to examine the language of leadership, as leadership is embedded in a web of negotiated meanings and contextual factors. This research seeks to embed leaders’ rhetorical influence in leader–follower relationships and identify contextual factors that explain the different patterns of effective versus ineffective leaders’ and charismatic versus non-charismatic leaders’ uses of action-oriented terms and negation terms in their inaugural speeches. By analyzing data of 30 U.S. presidents’ inaugural addresses, presidential election outcomes, and leadership styles, I found that effective leaders used action-oriented terms more frequently in their inaugural speeches than ineffective leaders only when follower participation was low, whereas charismatic leaders used negation terms more frequently in their inaugural speeches than non-charismatic leaders only when follower endorsement was low. These findings suggest that effective leaders are attuned to action-related situational cues whereas charismatic leaders are attuned to value-related situational cues.