cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One-pot tripeptide syntheses from three single amino acid derivatives catalyzed by papain

Abstract Procedures have been developed for the syntheses of tripeptides from three distinct amino acid derivatives in one step using papain as a catalyst.
Supplementing endophyte-infected tall fescue or reed canarygrass with alfalfa or birdsfoot trefoil increases forage intake and digestibility by sheep

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that alfalfa (ALF) or birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) eaten prior to a meal of endophyte-infected tall fescue (TF) or reed canarygrass (RCG) would provide benefits not possible when TF or RCG are eaten alone. In trial 1, four groups offivelambswerefirstofferedALFfor 30 minfollowed byeitherTForRCGfor3.5 h in a2 ×2 factorialarrangementofa completely randomized design that included grass (TF or RCG) with or without ALF. Trial 2 was similar to trial 1 except we used a new group of lambs fed BFT. Forage, fecal and urine sampleswere collected and analyzed for dry matterintakeand apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy (in Kcal), nitrogen and neutral detergentfiber. RESULTS: A meal of either ALF or BFT prior to eating TF or RCG caused lambs to eat more total dry matter and nitrogen (both in gd −1 ) and energy (in MJ d −1 ) than lambs fed only TF or RCG (P < 0.05). Lambs fed ALF slightly reduced intake of TF and RCG relative to unsupplemented animals. Lambs fed BFT ate slightly less RCG, but much more TF than unsupplemented animals (P < 0.10). Lambs ate much less BFT than ALF, but they were stimulated to eat TF to a greater degree by BFT than by ALF. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced intake of TF by lambs provided BFT, as well as the greater nutrient intake by lambs fed legumes and grasses was likely due in part to complementary profiles of alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. c � 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Cardiovascular consequences of expressing, experiencing, and repressing anger

Psychoanalytic theory's pathogenic view of repression gave rise to the widely held belief that the expression of anger is beneficial to mental and physical health. The present paper reviews a number of experimental and correlational studies which demonstrate that the full expression of anger, with its vocal manifestations, is associated with significant cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Furthermore, epidemiological studies indicate that such expression of anger are also related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and to some physiological and hormonal changes that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of CHD. On the other hand, neither the mere experience of anger nor its repression has any of the above negative cardiovascular consequences, although the repression of anger seems to have other untoward health consequences.
Microscopic probing of order-disorder versus displacive behavior in BaTiO 3 by Fe 3 + EPR

The cubic-crystalline field-splitting parameter a of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ at a Ti site in ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ has been measured with EPR in the cubic phase as a function of pressure p and temperature T. From these measurements, the relative explicit volume and temperature dependences of a(p,T) have been obtained. The former is three times those found in MgO, ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$, or ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$. The relative explicit temperature dependence(\ensuremath{\partial} lna/\ensuremath{\partial}T${)}_{V}$ is positive and four and a half times that found in inert MgO. In contrast, this effect is negative in ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$, where soft underdamped ferroelectric modes dominate. Both giant effects in ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ point to a strong local Ti anharmonicity and ferroelectric order-disorder behavior in contrast to ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$.
Epigenetics and chemoresistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

SUMMARY For children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who relapse, prognosis is poor and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. In the last decade, it has become apparent that ALL exhibits unique epigenetic patterns in addition to the well known cytogenetic findings. Furthermore, whole genome sequencing efforts are revealing recurrent mutations in epigenetic modifiers in ALL. Aberrant epigenetic modulation may be involved in leukemic transformation and resistance to chemotherapy. Consequently, compounds that specifically modulate the maintenance of such epigenetic programs may offer new approaches to therapy, including the modulation or prevention of chemoresistance in ALL. In this article, we review some of the most recent findings with regard to epigenetic aberrations in ALL, and discuss therapeutic strategies that are currently in development.
Individual differences in initial sensitivity and acute tolerance predict patterns of chronic drug tolerance to nitrous-oxide-induced hypothermia in rats

A preventive strategy for drug addiction would benefit from being able to identify vulnerable individuals. Understanding how an individual responds during an initial drug exposure may be useful for predicting how that individual will respond to repeated drug administrations. This study investigated whether individual differences in initial drug sensitivity and acute tolerance can predict how chronic tolerance develops. During an initial 3-h administration of 60% nitrous oxide (N2O), male Long–Evans rats were screened for N2O’s hypothermic effect into subsets based on being initially insensitive (II), sensitive with acute tolerance (AT), or sensitive with no intrasessional recovery (NR). Animals in each individual difference category were randomly assigned to receive six 90-min exposures of either 60% N2O or placebo gas. Core temperature was measured telemetrically. Rats that exhibited a comparable degree of hypothermia during an initial N2O exposure, but differed in acute tolerance development, developed different patterns of chronic tolerance. Specifically, the NR group did not become fully tolerant over repeated N2O exposures while the AT group developed an initial hyperthermia followed by a return of core temperature to control levels indicative of full tolerance development. By the second N2O exposure, the II group breathing N2O became hyperthermic relative to the placebo control group and this hyperthermia persisted throughout the multiple N2O exposures. Individual differences in initial drug sensitivity and acute tolerance development predict different patterns of chronic tolerance. The hypothesis is suggested that individual differences in opponent-adaptive responses may mediate this relationship.
Knowledge Sharing and Reuse in Digital Forensics

Digital investigation involves examining large volumes of data from heterogeneous sources. We offer a framework forfacilitating examination and synthesis of this mountain of data using ontology matching and machine learning technology.
Acute graft loss secondary to necrotizing vasculitis : evidence for cytokine-mediated Shwartzman reaction in clinical kidney transplantation

A small number of kidney transplant recipients abruptly lose function secondary to acute renal artery or vein thrombosis or more rarely a form of necrotizing vasculitis. We report a group of four kidney transplant recipients who lost renal function and share the following features: (1) diabetes (type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, type II or steroid-induced); (2) abrupt change/loss of renal function; (3) a concomitant clinical event (fever, viral symptoms, menometrorrhagia, viremia, bacteremia); (4) severe necrotizing vasculitis with hemorrhagic necrosis on histopathology; (5) patent renal artery and vein at time of transplant nephrectomy (i.e., no vascular thrombosis); and (6) high levels of peripheral serum gamma-IFN 1-5 days before transplant nephrectomy (467 +/- 175 pg/ml) compared with that of patients experiencing severe rejection (8.4 +/- 3.7 pg/ml) (P < 0.002). These data support the concept of a cytokine (IFN-gamma)-mediated accelerated inflammatory response resulting in graft loss from necrotizing vasculitis--the clinical equivalent of an organ-specific Shwartzman reaction.
Modified Puestow Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy

Introduction There are various surgical options for the treatment of pain associated with chronic pancreatitis. The modified Puestow lateral pancreaticojejunostomy has been proven to be effective in ameliorating symptoms and expediting return to normal lifestyle while maintaining a low rate of morbidity and mortality. However, the debate regarding which surgical treatment provides the best outcomes is controversial.
A staggered fourth-order accurate explicit finite difference scheme for the time-domain Maxwell's equations

Abstract We consider a model explicit fourth-order staggered finite-difference method for the hyperbolic Maxwell's equations. Appropriate fourth-order accurate extrapolation and one-sided difference operators are derived in order to complete the scheme near metal boundaries and dielectric interfaces. An eigenvalue analysis of the overall scheme provides a necessary, but not sufficient, stability condition and indicates long-time stability. Numerical results verify both the stability analysis, and the scheme's fourth-order convergence rate over complex domains that include dielectric interfaces and perfectly conducting surfaces. For a fixed error level, we find the fourth-order scheme is computationally cheaper in comparison to the Yee scheme by more than an order of magnitude. Some open problems encountered in the application of such high-order schemes are also discussed.
Sociobiological and sociocultural process: a non-reductionist view

Abstract Life is viewed as the unfolding of a multi-level reality in a co-evolution of macro-and micro-systems. It may also be characterized by the evolution of mind which is understood as the characteristic self-organization dynamics at each semi-autonomous, hierarchical level. Sociobiological process is then dominated by metabolic mind and the earlier manifestations of neural mind. Sociocultural process, in contrast, is the domain of self-reflexive mind which resides in the fully individuated person. In setting out to re-create the macrosystems of human life, sociocultural process is truly self-transcending and combines the power of transformation (technology) with the individual responsibility for the macrosystems of life.
SU‐E‐T‐50: Anomalous Dose Measurements From Small‐Volume Ion Chamber

Purpose: A micro‐chamber was used to scan electron profiles to verify flatness and symmetry of the scan plane prior to small‐field commissioning measurements. This verification scan showed peak on one field edge and a large tail of out‐of‐field dose in the scan direction parallel to the ion chamber. Their appearance is inconsistent with the stem effect. This anomaly is not present when a larger volume ion chamber is used. We proposed further investigation to determine the cause and any impacts it could have on small‐field dosimetry. Methods: Scans were acquired using a Wellhofer water phantom. All scans were taken at 100 cm SSD using various size electron applicators. Scans were taken for multiple energies at R90/2 depth in in‐line and cross‐line directions. The phantom was rotated 90° and the scans were repeated. Scans were acquired with an A‐16 and a CC‐13 ion chamber using Varian TrueBeam where the effect was observed first and later with an Elekta SL‐25 linac to confirm this anomaly. Results: The dose anomaly is highly reproducible for both accelerators when A‐16 chamber is used. The maximum dose‐difference between a standard chamber profile and a micro‐chamber profile is ∼5%. Symmetry values differ by 5.7% when compared to scans taken with a standard scanning chamber. The effect is reproduced when the orientation of the ion chamber is rotated by 90° with the same magnitude and shape. An increase in measured out‐of‐field dose appears as distant as 8 cm from the field edge. Conclusions: We have discovered an unexpected anomaly that occurs when performing profile measurements with small‐volume chambers. It appears to be an artifact of the chamber orientation and the measurement environment. The measurement environment must be carefully considered before conducting any high‐precision QA measurements when utilizing a commercial scanning phantom, particularly with small‐volume chambers.
An ultrasonic frequency sweep interferometer for liquids at high temperature: 1. Acoustic model

[1] A general acoustic model for a frequency sweep rod-liquid-rod interferometer applicable to high-temperature silicate liquids is presented. The wave propagations in the acoustic model are solved according to the accurate elastic wave equation and the acoustic wave equation. The solutions indicate that when a pulsed wave is sent down a buffer rod, which is partially immersed in a silicate liquid, the return signal consists of a series of plane waves (mirror reflections from the liquid) and two series of interfering pulses (modes A and B), which are propagating disturbances guided by the cylindrical surface of the upper rod. The acoustic model gives mathematical expressions for the time delays between the various interfering pulses and between the mirror reflections, which are predicted to vary according to the material and dimensions of the upper buffer rod and liquid. These predictions are verified by experiments on molybdenum and aluminum rods of varying dimensions in air, water, and silicate liquid. These results demonstrate that mirror reflections from the liquid can be isolated from the interfering pulses in the return signal by appropriate choice of the dimensions and material of the upper rod. This theoretical model provides a critical foundation for construction of an acoustic interferometer that is uniquely able to measure relaxed sound speeds in silicate liquids at high temperature and high pressure by the frequency sweep method. INDEX TERMS: 3994 Mineral Physics: Instruments and techniques; 3919 Mineral Physics: Equations of state; 3939 Mineral Physics: Physical thermodynamics; 3999 Mineral Physics: General or miscellaneous; 5102 Physical Properties of Rocks: Acoustic properties; KEYWORDS: ultrasonic interferometer, sound speed, silicate liquids
Conducting Jahn-Teller domain walls in undoped manganites

We investigate the electronic properties of multidomain configurations in models for undoped manganites by means of variational and Monte Carlo techniques. These materials display simultaneous Jahn-Teller distortions and magnetic ordering. We find that a band of electronic states appears associated with Jahn-Teller domain walls, and this band is localized in the direction perpendicular to the walls. The energy and width of this band depend on the conformational properties of the domain walls. At finite temperatures, the conductance along the domain walls, induced by the localized domain-wall bands, is orders magnitude larger than in the bulk.
Long wavelength GaInNAs(Sb) lasers grown by MBE

Summary form only given. We present new structures utilizing GaNAs barriers and a new quantum well material, GaInNAsSb, to achieve post-annealed, long wavelength optical emission. The structures with N in the barriers reduce the blue-shift of luminescence by suppressing N out-diffusion from the QWs and decreasing carrier confinement between the barriers and QWs. We utilize Sb, both incorporated into the crystal and used as a surfactant, to enable higher indium incorporation. GaNAs or GaNAsSb barriers also reduce the overall strain of the active region because the high indium mole fraction QWs are compressively strained and the GaNAs(Sb) barriers are tensely strained. With GaNAs barriers, we were able to grow a 9 QW GaInNAs sample. This type of multiple QW structure is particularly applicable to high power lasers that require large volumes of gain medium.
A Self-Tuning Electromagnetic Shutter

A self-tuning electromagnetic shutter is introduced, consisting of a slotted metallic surface with computer controlled switches placed across the slots. By opening and closing the switches, the transmissivity of the surface may be adjusted over a broad range of frequencies. In particular, the surface may be placed into open and closed states, creating an electronically-controllable shutter. The ability of the shutter to act as an open or a closed surface over a broad range of frequencies, incidence angles, and polarization states is investigated using simulations and measurements, and the feasibility of the system is thereby demonstrated.
Tissue Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Intermediate Endpoints in the Selection of Targeted Agents for RCC

Renal cancer is the seventh leading malignant condition among men and the 12th among women. It has been estimated that approximately 58,000 new cases of kidney cancer occurred in 2010 and that, in the same year, approximately 13,000 people died from this disease in the USA [1].
What is the most cost-effective way to identify silica problem worksites?

Background State based surveillance systems to identify cases of silicosis have been developed over the past 18 years to target worksite interventions to reduce the incidence of silicosis. Using data from the Michigan silicosis surveillance system, we conducted an analysis to determine the most cost-effective way to identify problem worksites. Methods The initial reporting source of all 470 confirmed cases of silicosis reported to the Michigan surveillance system from 1989 to 1995 was identified. The cost of identifying confirmed cases, worksites, problem worksites, silica problem worksites, and the number of current silica-exposed workers was determined for four reporting sources: hospitals; physicians; workers' compensations; and death certificates. Results Hospital reports were the first to identify 67% of the confirmed cases, 74% of the worksites, and 58% of the problem worksites. Physician reports initially identified 17% of confirmed cases, 15% of worksites, and 26% of problem worksites. Workers' compensation records initially identified 11% of confirmed cases, 4% of worksites, and 8% of problem worksites. Death certificates initially identified 5% of confirmed cases, 7% of worksites, and 8% of problem worksites. Hospital reports were the most cost-effective way to identify cases (US$ 143), worksites (US$ 313), and problem worksites (US$ 454). Conclusions Hospital discharge records identified the greatest number of confirmed cases and problem worksites and was the most cost-effective approach to identify both individuals with silicosis and worksites with problems. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:629–635, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reporting of Neonatal Deaths (Continued)

The concern of the practicing physician to provide the best possible care for his patients is not a new one belonging to the "now" generation or even Nader9s Raiders.1 It has been passed from yesterday9s family doctor to today9s general practitioner and specialist and is exemplified by Dr. Laurance Nickey9s letter to the Editor2 in which he asks if the data are reliable which show that 12 countries report lower infant mortality rates than the United States.
Phase Derivatives and Simulation of Strong Ground Motions

Phase derivatives can be used to compute instantaneous frequency and envelope delay (also known as group delay). Envelope delay, in the guise of phase differences, has been used by engineers in the simulation of strong ground motion, particularly as a way of controlling the duration of motion. Simulations using the stochastic method, in which duration is a simple function of source duration and a path-dependent duration, possess envelope delay properties similar to those from simulations based on phase differences. Envelope delay provides a way of extending the standard stochastic method to produce nonstationary frequency content, as pro- duced by ground motions containing surface waves.
Symmetries of Plane Partitions

We introduce a new symmetry operation, called complementation, on plane partitions whose three-dimensional diagram is contained in a given box. This operation was suggested by work of Mills, Robbins, and Rumsey. There then arise a total of ten inequivalent problems concerned with the enumeration of plane partitions with a given symmetry. Four of these ten problems had been previously considered. We survey what is known about the ten problems and give a solution to one of them. The proof is based on the theory of Schur functions, in particular the Littlewood-Richardson rule. Of the ten problems, seven are now solved while the remaining three have conjectured simple solutions. 8 1986 Academic Press, Inc.
Acute coronary syndrome secondary to a complex lesion within a stent implanted over 6 years previously.

We report on an acute coronary syndrome resulting from a complex severe lesion within a stent over 6 years after implantation. This may represent an uncommon long-term limitation of coronary artery stenting.
Synthesizing grasps from generalized prototypes

This paper introduces a grasp synthesis algorithm that can use any grasp prototype as the starting point in a search for a good grasp. The algorithm makes the given prototype more effective by generalizing it for a specific task. This generalization step expands the range of application of the prototype to a wide variety of target object geometries, while ensuring that the resulting grasps are appropriate for the intended task. An example whole-hand grasp synthesized for the Salisbury hand is shown at the end of the paper.
Determinants of bumetanide response in the dog: Effect of probenecid

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous bumetanide (0.250 mg/kg), alone (treatment I) and after probenecid pretreatment (treatment II), were studied in four mongrel dogs. Lactated Ringer's solution was administered by vein throughout both treatments at a flow rate of 2 ml/min to avoid fluid and electrolyte depletion. Bumetanide and probenecid concentrations were analyzed by HPLC, sodium by flame photometry, and creatinine by colorimetry. Although the probenecid markedly reduced the plasma and renal clearances of bumetanide, as well as the fraction excreted unchanged in the urine, there was no significant difference between treatments I and II in the 4-hr natriuretic and diuretic responses. However, analysis of the dose-response curves between treatments I and II showed that sodium, excretion was better correlated with bumetanide urinary excretion rate than with plasma concentration. The reasons for a poor correlation between treatments during the early time periods are discussed.
Smooth Muscle Cells Give Rise to Osteochondrogenic Precursors and Chondrocytes in Calcifying Arteries

Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To develop appropriate prevention and/or therapeutic strategies for vascular calcification, it is important to understand the origins of the cells that participate in this process. In this report, we used the SM22-Cre recombinase and Rosa26-LacZ alleles to genetically trace cells derived from smooth muscle. We found that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) gave rise to osteochondrogenic precursor- and chondrocyte-like cells in calcified blood vessels of matrix Gla protein deficient (MGP−/−) mice. This lineage reprogramming of SMCs occurred before calcium deposition and was associated with an early onset of Runx2/Cbfa1 expression and the downregulation of myocardin and Msx2. There was no change in the constitutive expression of Sox9 or bone morphogenetic protein 2. Osterix, Wnt3a, and Wnt7a mRNAs were not detected in either calcified MGP−/− or noncalcified wild-type (MGP+/+) vessels. Finally, mechanistic studies in vitro suggest that Erk signaling might be required for SMC transdifferentiation under calcifying conditions. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that adult SMCs can transdifferentiate and that SMC transdifferentiation is an important process driving vascular calcification and the appearance of skeletal elements in calcified vascular lesions.
Advances in MRI and their impact on neuro-ophthalmology.

(1992). Advances in MRI and Their Impact on Neuro-Ophthalmology. Seminars in Ophthalmology: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 2-23.
German Documents in the United States

At the end of World War II, vast quantities of German documents had fallen into the hands of the Allies either during hostilities or in the immediately following weeks. Something will be said near the end of this report about the archives captured or seized by the Soviet Union; the emphasis here will be on those that came into the possession of the Western Allies. The United States and Great Britain made agreements for joint control and exploitation, of which the most important was the Bissell-Sinclair agreement named for the intelligence chiefs who signed it. The German naval, foreign office, and chancellery archives were to be physically located in England, while the military, Nazi Party, and related files were to come to the United States. Each of the two countries was to be represented at the site of the other's holdings, have access to the files, and play a role in decisions about their fate. The bulk of those German records that came to the United States were deposited in a section of a World War I torpedo factory in Alexandria, Virginia, which had been made into the temporary holding center for the World War II records of the American army and American theater commands. In accordance with the admonition to turn swords into plowshares, the building is now an artists' boutique.
Decentralized model reference adaptive system using a variable structure control

A decentralized model-reference adaptive control algorithm is developed using a variable structure system. The discontinuous local control forces the system to move on a local sliding mode in the local error state space. The local subsystem is made insensitive to dynamical interactions with other subsystems once the sliding mode is reached. A new approach is devised to reduce the reaching time and to reduce chattering around the local sliding surface.
Hospital Digest: Policy Decisions Facing the United States in Financing and Organizing Health Care.

(1967). Hospital Digest: Policy Decisions Facing the United States in Financing and Organizing Health Care. Hospital Topics: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 27-28.
Stabilization of Atmospheric CO2: Prospects and Implications

In the face of ever-increasing amounts of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, there have been attempts to estimate the “safe” limits of atmospheric CO2 concentrations in terms of the global mean temperature rise. The notion of “acceptable risk” is directly linked to the “acceptable” global temperature change that would ensure the survival of humankind for the foreseeable future. Large uncertainties in climate sensitivity, i.e., amount of warming expected at different atmospheric CO2 concentrations, can be attributed to the great number and complexity of the factors that shape climate. Currently, based on the overwhelming body of evidence including modeling studies and paleoclimate data, the majority of climate experts agree on the 2 °C change (above the preindustrial level) as an acceptable global mean temperature change target, which would require the stabilization of atmospheric GHG at about 450 ppm CO2-equivalent level. Different CO2 stabilization scenarios and roadmaps, as well as the implications of these scenarios for energy supply, GHG emissions, industry, transportation, and energy security, are discussed in this chapter.
An hypothesis-driven vision system

This paper presents a small vision system created to study Minsky's theory of Frame Systems It is organized around a detailed semantic hypothetical model of the scene, which is capable of being structurally altered and adjusted to fit the visual data. Visual data is gathered through a window, whose position is controlled by suggestions which arise from uncertain parameters of the hypothetical model.
Local attitudes toward community-based conservation policy and programmes in Nepal: a case study in the Makalu-Barun Conservation Area

Community-based conservation (CBC) has been projected as the most practical approach to stem biodiversity loss in developing countries. Since CBC is 'people-centred' and experience with it is relatively new, it is important to know the views of local communities regarding implemented policies and programmes. This paper examines the attitudes of local communities toward policy and programmes implemented by a project under the CBC approach in the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area of Nepal, based on a 1996 survey of 400 people living in it.Overall, respondents did not have a particularly favourable perception of the community development programmes implemented. Strong support existed for ecotourism development in the Conservation Area. Respondents overwhelmingly endorsed community forestry. Wildlife protection remained a low priority amongst a significant majority of respondents. Some demographic and socio-economic factors exerted important influences on the attitudes of respondents. This study suggests that the project should continue addressing local development needs, encourage women's participation in community forestry, work toward dispute settlement of community forest-user groups, and allow hunting of pest wild animals, if it wants to win the support of local communities for long-term biodiversity conservation goals.
Mechanisms of Visual Object Recognition in Infancy: Five-Month-Olds Generalize Beyond the Interpolation of Familiar Views

This work examined predictions of the interpolation of familiar views (IFV) account of object recognition performance in 5-month-olds. Infants were familiarized to an object either from a single viewpoint or from multiple viewpoints varying in rotation around a single axis. Object recognition was then tested in both conditions with the same object rotated around a novel axis. Infants in the multiple-views condition recognized the object, whereas infants in the single-view condition provided no evidence for recognition. Under the same 2 familiarization conditions, infants in a 2nd experiment treated as novel an object that differed in only 1 component from the familiar object. Infants' object recognition is enhanced by experience with multiple views, even when that experience is around an orthogonal axis of rotation, and infants are sensitive to even subtle shape differences between components of similar objects. In general, infants' performance does not accord with the predictions of the IFV model of object recognition. These findings motivate the extension of future research and theory beyond the limits of strictly interpolative mechanisms.
An observation on generating functions with an application to a sum of secant powers

Suppose that P.x/, Q.x/2 ZTxU are two relatively prime polynomials, and that P.x/=Q.x/D P 1D0 an x n has the property that an2 Z for all n. We show that if Q.1=/ D 0, then is an algebraic integer. Then, we show that this result can be used to provide a solution to Problem 11213(b) of the American Mathematical Monthly (2006).
Hybrid indexing and seamless ranking of spatial and textual features of web documents

There is a significant commercial and research interest in location-based web search engines. Given a number of search keywords and one or more locations that a user is interested in, a location-based web search retrieves and ranks the most textually and spatially relevant web pages. In this type of search, both the spatial and textual information should be indexed. Currently, no efficient index structure exists that can handle both the spatial and textual aspects of data simultaneously and accurately. Existing approaches either index space and text separately or use inefficient hybrid index structures with poor performance. Moreover, most of these approaches cannot accurately rank web-pages based on a combination of space and text and are not easy to integrate into existing search engines. In this paper, we propose a new index structure called Spatial-Keyword Inverted File to handle location-based web searches in an integrated/ efficient manner. To seamlessly find and rank relevant documents, we develop a new distance measure called spatial tf-idf. We propose four variants of spatial-keyword relevance scores and two algorithms to perform top-k searches. As verified by experiments, our proposed techniques outperform existing index structures in terms of search performance and accuracy.
An Empirical Investigation of the Groupthink Phenomenon

This paper reports results of an empirical investigation of the groupthink theoreticalframework presented in Janis'second edition of Groupthink. Factor analysis was used to develop scales to measure the aspects of groupthink proposed by Janis (1982). Results supported some, but not all, of the symptoms and defects postulated by Janis. Next, a path analytic procedure was utilized to test the implied causal ordering of the Groupthink model (Janis, 1982, p. 244). This study provides limited support for the causal sequence specified in the model. However, the relationship between groupthink-induced decision defects and outcomes were not as strong as Janis suggests. These results prompt the authors to agree with Courtright (1978) that many intervening and/or moderating factors not included in the Janis framework influence decision outcomes.
Geographic Variation in Bacterial Communities Associated With the Red Turpentine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Bacterial communities are known to play important roles in insect life histories, yet their consistency or variation across populations is poorly understood. Bacteria associated with the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens LeConte from eight populations, ranging from Wisconsin to Oregon, were evaluated and compared. We used the culture-independent technique of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to visualize bacterial diversity, or individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs), from individual beetles. One-way analysis of similarities was used to test for differences of bacterial communities between sites. Analysis of community profiles showed that individual beetles on average contained 10 OTUs, with frequency of association from 2 to 100% of beetles. OTU sequences most closely matched β- and γ-proteobacteria, and one each matched Bacilli and Actinobacteria. Several OTUs were particularly abundant, most notably an Actinobacterium from 100% and two Proteobacteria from 60% of beetles sampled. Some OTUs were similar to previously described bacteria with known biochemical capabilities and ecological functions, suggesting that some bacterial associates of D. valens may contribute to its ability to exploit a resource low in nutrients and high in defensive compounds. There were significant differences of bacterial communities between sites. The strength of these differences was positively correlated with distance between sites, although additional unexplained factors also contribute to the variation.
The Phantom Gender Difference in the College Wage Premium

Abstract:A growing literature seeks to explain why so many more women than men now attend college. A commonly cited stylized fact is that the college wage premium is, and has been, higher for women than for men. After identifying and correcting a bias in estimates of college wage premiums, I find that there has been essentially no gender difference in the college wage premium for at least a decade. A similar pattern appears in quantile wage regressions and for advanced degree wage premiums.
Processed tomato products and risk factors for cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: Lipids, inflammation, oxidative stress and elevated blood pressure are targets for lowering cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with a healthy diet. OBJECTIVE: We tested the effect of tomato products, dietary sources of lycopene and potassium, on changes in lipids/lipoproteins, inflammation and blood pressure. METHODS: In a two-center, randomized, parallel, controlled trial, processed tomato or non-tomato products matched in energy, sodium, and sugar content (HT = high tomato, 5 servings/day vs LT = low tomato/control, <1 serving/day, respectively) were included in the diets of free-living overweight men and women 21 to 70 years of age (n= 53) for 6 weeks. All subjects had a 3-week LT run-in followed by either 6-week HT or LT/control diet. A random subset of 23 subjects had 2 postprandial (6 hour) visits at weeks 0 and 6 to assess the enduring effects of the HT vs LT diets on high fat meal-induced changes in lipids, insulin, glucose, inflammation, and blood pressure. RESULTS: Fasting lipids/lipoproteins, insulin, glucose and C-reactive protein did not differ between the HT vs LT diets after 6 weeks intervention. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased on the HT diet after 6 weeks compared to baseline, week 0 (p= 0.02) and compared to LT at week 6 (p= 0.03). Systolic blood pressure was not different between treatments at 6 weeks (p= 0.11). Tomato-associated effect sizes on blood pressure were greater in a sub-set of subjects with elevated blood pressure but were not statistically powered to reveal a significant effect between LT and HT treatments; however, the effect on lowering diastolic blood pressure remained, p< 0.05 compared to baseline). Chronic intervention with processed tomatoes did not impact postprandial glucose, insulin, lipids or inflammatory marker responses to a high fat meal challenge at the end of the study (n= 23). CONCLUSIONS: Processed tomatoes decreased diastolic blood pressure, but had no significant effects on other endpoints. Future research is required to confirm and potentially extend these findings in individuals with elevated blood pressure.
Dynamics in the isotropic phase of nematogens using 2D IR vibrational echo measurements on natural-abundance 13CN and extended lifetime probes.

The long time scale orientational relaxation of nematogens in the isotropic phase is associated with the randomization of pseudonematic domains, which have a correlation length that grows as the isotropic-to-nematic phase transition temperature is approached from above. Here we begin to address the fast dynamics of the nematogen molecules within the domains using two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) vibrational echo experiments. The problems of performing ultrafast IR experiments in pure liquids are discussed, and solutions are presented. In addition, the issue of short vibrational lifetimes, which limit the ability of 2D IR experiments to examine dynamics over a wide range of times, is addressed. The experiments were performed on the nematogen 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), with the CN stretch initially used as the vibrational probe. Although the CN stretch has a small transition dipole, because the sample is a pure liquid it is necessary to use an exceedingly thin sample to perform the experiments. The sm...
Examining the Validity of The Leadership Challenge Inventory: The Case for Law Enforcement

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of the Leadership Practices Inventory. Previous research has used exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency for this sort of analysis without specifying the validity for a specific group or sample. We propose to use confirmatory factor analysis — via structural equation modelling — of responses from police officers from around the country. This type of analysis will allow us to determine if the factors of the Leadership Practices Inventory provide valid measures of police leadership performance as an assessment tool. We determined that the measures were indeed valid and that differences of opinion existed between the police managers assessed and their observers regarding their perceived performance under the Leadership Challenge Model.
Adaptation of Leon strain of poliomyelitis to mice.

Discussion and SummaryLeon type of human poliomyelitis virus has been adapted to mice from original monkey cord virus by use of an intraspinal technic of inoculation. This mouse adapted Leon virus has been serially passed through mice for 35 passages and causes flaccid paralysis, more frequently in the front legs, after an incubation period of 4 to 6 days. A second similar adaptation has been accomplished and this strain carried through 16 mouse passages. The mouse virus causes paralysis only after intraspinal inoculation of mice, being negative when given intra-cerebrally and is of low virulence thus far. Apparently this virus is still as virulent for monkeys as it is for mice. Proof that this mouse virus is indeed Leon poliomyelitis virus rests on its ability to cause typical clinical and histopathological disease after intracerebral inoculation of monkeys, cross immunization against monkey Leon virus in monkeys and cross neutralization tests in mice and in monkeys. The virus also fails to propagate in ...
Psychosocial issues in breast reconstruction. Intrapsychic, interpersonal, and practical concerns.

Because the decision to have or not to have breast reconstruction is multiply determined, in-depth inquiry should be made into the patient’s intrapsychic (self-directed) motives and interpersonal factors that contribute to her choice. This article discusses five major variables that enter into the final decision. These include knowledge of the procedure, economic resources, medical conditions, psychological dynamics, and reactions of significant others in the patient’s life, including spouse, physicians, and mother.
Treatment of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasingly common and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Surgery remains the only possibility for cure. Upwards of 40% of patients present with locally advanced PDAC (LAPDAC), where management strategies continue to evolve. In this review, we highlight current trends in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection, and other multimodality approaches for patients with LA-PDAC. Despite promising early results, additional work is needed to more accurately and appropriately tailor treatment for patients with LA-PDAC. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
Parallel acquisition of multicarrier direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals in fading and partial-band interference

The frequency diversity of multicarrier direct-sequence signaling can potentially offer robust performance in frequency-selective channels. The paper focuses on the acquisition of multicarrier signals in channels containing fading and partial-band interference. The maximum-likelihood decision rule for parallel acquisition in frequency-selective fading and partial-band interference is derived. Several simpler, near-optimal decision rules are also discussed. The performance of these decision rules is compared to that of equal-gain combining for multicarrier acquisition. Results show that the decision rules designed specifically for partial-band interference give significantly better performance. Methods of acquisition with a limited number of correlators are also discussed. Finally, the potential benefits of estimating the signal strength on each subcarrier prior to acquisition are examined.
Sitio y lengua: Chicana Third Space Feminist Theory

Elsewhere,1 I claim that “geography is destiny” (2007). My own life is a testament to this truism. Indeed, living in the region where I was born and where my parents were born, being raised in an environment that is familiar and is “family,” has marked me in significant ways and has forged the path for my academic and personal life. This chapter illustrates how the border landscape resides in my own work and in the border’s cultural production, for my work and that of my community are firmly rooted in the landscape of the borderlands between northern Mexico and South Texas, especially in that border region between Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, and San Antonio, Texas. In “Chicana Third Space Feminism,” I look at three fiestas—Los Matachines, La Quinceanera, and the Princess Pocahontas pageant—as texts that can be analyzed for an insight into the ways that border communities and residents negotiate the existing power relations.
Stat3β Promotes Basal Granulopoiesis and Inhibits Emergency Granulopoiesis, While Stat3α Inhibits Basal Granulopoiesis and Promotes Emergency Granulopoiesis

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a key signaling intermediate that is activated by several cytokines that regulate hematopoiesis, including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin 6, and stem cell factor (SCF). Studies using mice with Stat3 deletion targeted to hematopoietic cells have shown that Stat3 negatively regulates basal granulopoiesis but positively regulates emergency granulopoiesis. Stat3 also has been reported to promote B lymphocyte differentiation. Defining the hematopoietic functions of Stat3 is further complicated by the existence of two isoforms: full-length Stat3α (p92), and truncated Stat3β (p83). Stat3β is derived from alternative mRNA splicing resulting in replacement of the C-terminal transactivation domain with 7 unique amino acids (CT7), which have been demonstrated to confer markedly prolonged nuclear retention. Homozygous Stat3α-deficient mice are not viable, whereas Stat3β-deficient mice survive to adulthood and are fertile, but have increased inflammatory responses compared to wild-type mice. We compared basal granulopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, as well as emergency granulopoiesis, in homozygous Stat3β-deficient mice (βΔ/βΔ), which express only Stat3α, vs. their wild-type (+/+) littermates. We found that βΔ/βΔ mice were significantly leukopenic (2880 ± 1260/ml v. 4600 ± 1670/ml; p p p hi /IgM − cells were most dramatically reduced (170 ± 70/ml v. 480 ± 350/ml, p p + /Gr1 + myeloid cells compared to +/+ cells (52.8 ± 6.5% v. 68.3 ± 2.6%, p + /Gr1 + myeloid cells in the bone marrow, and CFU-GM generation. Mice of both genotypes responded to G-CSF stimulation with increases in ANC, percent of myeloid cells within the marrow, and CFU-GM. Bone marrow from βΔ/βΔ mice showed a larger G-CSF-induced increase in CFU-GM (PBS: 22 ± 5 v. G-CSF: 39 ± 1, p
Identifying SCADA vulnerabilities using passive and active vulnerability assessment techniques

Critical infrastructure such as power plants, oil refineries, and sewage are at the core of modern society. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems were designed to allow human operators supervise, maintain, and control critical infrastructure. Recent years has seen an increase in connectivity of SCADA systems to the Internet. While this connectivity provides an increased level of convenience, it also increases their susceptibility to cyber-attacks. Given the potentially severe ramifications of exploiting SCADA systems, the purpose of this study is to utilize passive and active vulnerability assessment techniques to identify the vulnerabilities of Internet enabled SCADA systems. Specifically, we collect a large testbed of SCADA devices from Shodan, a search engine for the IoT, and assess their vulnerabilities with Nessus and against the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). Results of this study indicate that many SCADA systems from major vendors such as Rockwell Automation and Siemens are vulnerable to default credential, man-in-the-middle, and SSH exploit attacks.
Establishing Language Benchmarks for Children With Typically Developing Language and Children With Language Impairment

Purpose Practitioners, researchers, and policymakers (i.e., stakeholders) have vested interests in children's language growth yet currently do not have empirically driven methods for measuring such...