cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study of Hippocampal-Sparing Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose To prospectively evaluate cognitive function and intracranial failure patterns after hippocampal-sparing prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods and Materials Adults with limited-stage SCLC, achieving a complete response to chemoradiotherapy and no brain metastases, were eligible. Patients received PCI 25 Gy/10 fractions, with a mean hippocampal dose limited to Results Eight men and 12 women with a median age of 61 years enrolled. Two-year overall survival was 88% (95% confidence interval 68%-100%). There was no significant decline in performance between baseline and 6 or 12 months for any of the tests. The association between baseline intelligence quotient and change in performance on testing was not significant. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed asymptomatic brain metastases at a cumulative rate of 20%, with no concurrent extracranial progression. Two patients developed a metastasis in the under-dosed region. Neither involved the dentate gyrus, but 1 involved the avoidance region. Both patients concurrently developed additional metastasis in fully treated brain regions. There were 2 neurologic deaths. Conclusions This prospective study suggests a potential benefit of hippocampal sparing in limiting the neuropsychological sequelae of brain radiation, but with a risk of failures in the spared region. These data strongly support continued enrollment on ongoing cooperative group randomized trials. Clinical Trials registration number: NCT01797159 .
Small Bowel: Aortoenteric Fistula

Aortoenteric fistula remains one of the most difficult acute care and vascular surgery challenges. Presentation is acute or chronic, and CT scanning and endoscopy are the primary modalities to confirm aortoenteric fistula. Operative management is the only solution for correction of aortoenteric fistula. The goals of operative therapy are to (1) assure arterial flow and adequate distal perfusion, (2) detach the connection between the GI track and the arterial system, (3) re-establish GI track integrity, (4) minimize risk of recurrence, and (5) definitively manage the systemic infection. A multidisciplinary approach combining the efforts of both acute care and vascular surgeons with critical care anesthesia is a key. Operative techniques and pearls are presented.
Thuggee and Sati Revisited: The Persistence of the Colonial Gaze in the Merchant Ivory Film the Deceivers

Films on Indian themes made by western filmmakers have often been ridden with stereotypes and cliches. The wave of Raj films that came out of British and American production companies in the years since India‟s independence have largely been nostalgia-driven, and they almost invariably end up exoticising the region. However, with regard to films made by the nonHollywood film company named Merchant-Ivory Productions, audiences had come to expect more sophisticated and nuanced treatments of themes drawn from Indian history. This paper examines one of their films, The Deceivers, which deals with the twin themes of Thuggee and Sati. The discussion of the film is set against the broader context of the literature and cinema spawned by Western interest in the Raj era. While it is certainly more aesthetically sophisticated than the Hollywood type of Raj films, The Deceivers nevertheless falls short of engaging with the complexities of 19th century India in any meaningful way and is especially blind to the tendency of colonial propaganda to criminalise entire ethnic groups. Such attempts at cross-cultural representation are nevertheless valuable from a pedagogic point of view in the specific context of postcolonial approaches in the humanities classrooms in our colleges. Keywords: Colonial, Empire, Gender, Sati, Stereotypes, Thuggee
Scoring Expert Forecasts

This technical note, based on the more comprehensive note, "Eliciting and Evaluating Expert Forecasts" (UVA-QA-0734), provides a streamlined presentation of Brier and log scores as tools for assessing forecasting records among a pool of experts. The note is designed to be used in conjunction with a forecasting exercise. Excerpt UVA-QA-0772 Rev. Sept. 12, 2014 Scoring Expert FORECASTS Evaluating the forecasts of others can be a difficult task. One approach is to score an expert's forecast once the realization of the uncertainty is known. A track record of high scores on multiple forecasts may yield important insights into the expertise an individual possesses. In this note, we describe several scoring rules for evaluating expert opinion. Scoring Forecasts of Discrete Events Scoring rules first appeared in the 1950s to evaluate meteorological forecasts. Since that time, scoring rules have found a wide variety of applications in business and other fields. To this day, meteorologists in the United States are evaluated using a Brier scoring rule. When a discrete uncertainty has only two possible outcomes (e.g., rain/no rain), the Brier scoring rule assigns a score of –(1 – p)2, where p is the probability forecast reported for the event that occurs. . . .
Geochemistry and mineralogy of a saprolite developed on Columbia River Basalt: Secondary clay formation, element leaching, and mass balance during weathering

This study presents chemical and mineralogical data on weathering trends in a saprolite that is preserved between flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group at Trinidad, Washington. Bulk chemistry, electron imaging, and X-ray mapping indicate early Fe and Mg depletion by dissolution of ferromagnesian minerals, followed by depletion of alkalis, Al, Ti, and P that corresponds to dissolution of feldspars, titanomagnetite, and apatite. Secondary coatings of nontronite clay in the deep saprolite display intricate, submicrometer-scale zoning in Fe and Mg content. Distinct aluminous zones in these clays become more prominent at shallower depths. The primary Fe-containing phase shifts from nontronite in deeper samples to hematite in shallow samples; samples at the boundary contain the assemblage kaolinite + nontronite, which may mark the transition from permeability-limited fluid flow to fully open-system behavior. This shift is observed in rocks that have lost 30–40% of the total rock mass to leaching, and coincides with the disappearance of feldspar, Fe-Ti oxides, and apatite. Rocks in the uppermost saprolite have been converted to an assemblage of Al-smectite + hematite (+kaolinite). These results suggest that the presence of nontronite in weathered samples may indicate weathering under conditions of limited permeability; however, it does not necessarily indicate weathering in a chemically closed system. These observations may be useful in interpreting the clay mineral assemblages observed on Mars and what information they contain about near-surface conditions in the planet’s ancient past.
Teaching to End Hunger: Critical Analysis of Food Systems and Poverty

The 2030 United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development lists ending poverty and hunger, achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture as its first two goals for transforming our world. The accomplishment of these goals requires individuals who can think critically about our current food systems. Since 2013, professors at Allegheny College have taught a food and agriculture course entitled Soil to Plate to address questions related to agriculture and food security. The 15-week course covers sustainable farming practices, soil fertility, pest management, and the factors that influence access to high quality food. Methods of introducing content are multi-modal: field trips, lectures, discussions, guest speakers, cooking lessons, and skype sessions with experts around the world. Weekly field trips are taken to small, medium, and large-scale farms, food processing facilities, food pantries, community gardens, and grocery markets. The course addresses issues of nutrition, food security, food production, poverty, and environmental sustainability applicable to rural Pennsylvania, the nation, and the world. This paper describes our methodology and the tangible outcomes students and graduates have achieved in support of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Heavier rumen–reticulum organs in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is consistent with dietary bulk not quality

The organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract have high energy demands. Therefore, when these organs vary in mass, they should impact metabolic requirements. Mass of the rumen–reticulum organs...
Quantitative Texture Prediction of Epitaxial Columnar Grains in Alloy 718 Processed by Additive Manufacturing

The lack of a reliable theoretical model of the processing-microstructure relationship of AM (Additive Manufacturing) material is preventing AM technology from being widely adopted by the manufacturing community. The goal of this work is to establish the link between the microstructure (texture) and the process parameters of metal AM processes. A quantitative method based on the epitaxial growth of columnar grains within and across melt pools is proposed to predict the texture formation during a metal AM process. The state-of-the-art CALPHAD-informed FEM (finite element method) simulation has been used to predict the geometry and thermal profile of the quasi-steady melt pool. The thermal gradient distribution within the 3D melt pool determines the crystallography direction and growth direction of the columnar grains within each deposited single tracks. The single tracks with the predicted geometry are amalgamated together to represent the bulk part, and the epitaxial growth of grains across the boundary of neighboring tracks are quantitatively modeled. The proposed method is calibrated and validated by experimental studies of metal AM processed Alloy 718.
Office Management of Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

As the population of the United States ages, more women will present to their primary care provider or gynecologist with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. Pelvic floor dysfunction includes urinary incontinence, voiding difficulties, and pelvic organ prolapse. A thorough history and physical exam is important to rule out any pelvic pathology, such as bladder cancer, which could present with overactive bladder symptoms. While a patient who wishes to proceed with surgical management for these issues may need referral to a specialist, many of these patients can undergo conservative management initially with office-based therapies. Pessaries are effective for managing prolapse and in certain cases of stress incontinence. Behavioral and medical management can improve urge incontinence and voiding dysfunction. The general gynecologist should be familiar with the basic evaluation of pelvic floor disorders, office-based treatments, and the appropriate terminology for these disorders to assist with communication when referral is indicated.
Reengineering Workflow for Curation of DICOM Datasets

Reusable, publicly available data is a pillar of open science and rapid advancement of cancer imaging research. Sharing data from completed research studies not only saves research dollars required to collect data, but also helps insure that studies are both replicable and reproducible. The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) is a global shared repository for imaging data related to cancer. Insuring the consistency, scientific utility, and anonymity of data stored in TCIA is of utmost importance. As the rate of submission to TCIA has been increasing, both in volume and complexity of DICOM objects stored, the process of curation of collections has become a bottleneck in acquisition of data. In order to increase the rate of curation of image sets, improve the quality of the curation, and better track the provenance of changes made to submitted DICOM image sets, a custom set of tools was developed, using novel methods for the analysis of DICOM data sets. These tools are written in the programming language perl, use the open-source database PostgreSQL, make use of the perl DICOM routines in the open-source package Posda, and incorporate DICOM diagnostic tools from other open-source packages, such as dicom3tools. These tools are referred to as the “Posda Tools.” The Posda Tools are open source and available via git at https://github.com/UAMS-DBMI/PosdaTools . In this paper, we briefly describe the Posda Tools and discuss the novel methods employed by these tools to facilitate rapid analysis of DICOM data, including the following: (1) use a database schema which is more permissive, and differently normalized from traditional DICOM databases; (2) perform integrity checks automatically on a bulk basis; (3) apply revisions to DICOM datasets on an bulk basis, either through a web-based interface or via command line executable perl scripts; (4) all such edits are tracked in a revision tracker and may be rolled back; (5) a UI is provided to inspect the results of such edits, to verify that they are what was intended; (6) identification of DICOM Studies, Series, and SOP instances using “nicknames” which are persistent and have well-defined scope to make expression of reported DICOM errors easier to manage; and (7) rapidly identify potential duplicate DICOM datasets by pixel data is provided; this can be used, e.g., to identify submission subjects which may relate to the same individual, without identifying the individual.
Stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) signatures of sedimented organic matter as indicators of historic lake trophic state

We explored the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in sedimented organic matter (OM) as proxy indicators of trophic state change in Florida lakes. Stable isotope data from four 210Pb-dated sediment cores were compared stratigraphically with established proxies for historical trophic state (diatom-inferred limnetic total phosphorus, sediment C/N ratio) and indicators of cultural disturbance (sediment total P and 226Ra activity). Diatom-based limnetic total P inferences indicate a transition from oligo-mesotrophy to meso-eutrophy in Clear Lake, and from eutrophy to hypereutrophy in Lakes Parker, Hollingsworth and Griffin. In cores from all four lakes, the carbon isotopic signature of accumulated OM generally tracks trophic state inferences and cultural impact assessments based on other variables. Oldest sediments in the records yield lower diatom-inferred total limnetic P concentrations and display relatively low δ13C values. In the Clear, Hollingsworth and Parker records, diatom-inferred nutrient concentrations increase after ca. AD 1900, and are associated stratigraphically with higher δ13C values in sediment OM. In the Lake Griffin core, both proxies display slight increases before ~1900, but highest values occur over the last ~100 years. As Lakes Clear, Hollingsworth and Parker became increasingly nutrient-enriched over the past century, the δ15N of sedimented organic matter decreased. This reflects, in part, the increasing relative contribution of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria to sedimented organic matter as primary productivity increased in these waterbodies. The Lake Griffin core displays a narrow range of both δ13C and δ15N values. Despite the complexity of carbon and nitrogen cycles in lakes, stratigraphic agreement between diatom-inferred changes in limnetic total P and the stable isotope signatures of sedimented OM suggests that δ13C and δ15N reflect shifts in historic lake trophic state.
Stochastic Differential Equations with Extra Properties

The Loeb measure construction has been a powerful tool in proving existence theorems for stochastic differential equations. There are many strong existence theorems which depend on the richness of the adapted Loeb space and which cannot be proved by classical methods. See, for example, [1].
Higher degree stop-loss transforms and stochastic orders — (I) Theory

The higher degree stop-loss transforms and their logarithmic derivatives, called higher degree stop-loss rate functions, are studied to get insight into the hierarchical theory of the higher degree stop-loss orders and related stochastic orders. Based on differential-integral recursive relationships, we derive in a simple way two characterization results by Gupta and Gupta (1983), which state that the higher degree stop-loss transforms and the higher degree stop-loss rate functions uniquely determine a distribution function. Classes ISLR (n) of distributions with an increasing stop-loss rate function of degree n are considered, and it is shown that ISLR (n) implies ISLR (n+1). This result generalizes the well-known fact by Bryson and Siddiqui (1969) that a distribution with an increasing failure rate has necessarily a decreasing mean residual life. Necessary and sufficient conditions, which guarantee that ISLR (n+1) implies ISLR (n), are formulated. Using notions of higher degree stop-loss rate order and higher degree stop-loss rate dangerousness order, sufficient conditions for a higher degree stop-loss order relation are established. Two new sign change characterizations of the higher degree stop-loss order by means of higher degree stop-loss transforms and higher degree stop-loss rate functions are derived. Applications in actuarial mathematics follow in part (II) of the present work.
Development and Molecular Biology of Mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Glucose is the major fuel for oxidative metabolism in the developing fetus. A continuous supply of glucose and other nutrients from the maternal circulation to the fetus via the placenta is essential for normal fetal development. The initial metabolism of glucose to pyruvate occurs by the glycolytic pathway; further oxidation of pyruvate to C02 takes place through the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mitochondria. These two pathways are functionally linked by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) in the mitochondria. The level of oxidative metabolism of pyruvate continually increases in different tissues beginning in the early postnatal period, and gradually reaches the maximal levels observed in tissues from adults. In this chapter, we will discuss the structure, function and regulation of mammalian PDC with special emphasis on recent advances in the cloning of several components of the complex. Additionally, the expression of PDC activity in differentiating cultured cells and developing animals will be discussed. The importance of normal pyruvate oxidation during early mammalian development will be underlined by discussing the effects of inborn errors of PDC.
Wind Loading and Response of Cooling Towers

The paper considers wind loadings on cooling towers from both a static and dynamic point of view. Field measurements of wind pressure on full-scale towers provide the main basis for study, and the paper includes a review of how measurements were taken, an interpretation of field data for quasi-static designs, and one suggested procedure for applying field data to a more complete dynamic analysis of the tower response in gusting wind.
FROM NUMBERS TO SYMBOLS TO KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES: PATTERN RECOGNITION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PERSPECTIVES ON THE CLASSIFICATION TASK

In this paper we consider a very general information processing task: classification , and review the perspectives of the classical pattern recognition approaches and the more recent artificial intelligence/knowledge-based systems point of view. As the complexity of the problem increases, we trace the evolution of the algorithms from numerical parameter setting schemes through those using symbolic abstractions and then relations between symbolic entities, and finally to complex symbolic descriptions which incorporate explicit domain knowledge.
Solvent effects on infrared frequencies—I. The complexing of acetone and cyclohexanone with p-cresol and other phenols

Abstract The carbonyl stretching bands of acetone and cyclohexanone were studied in various mixtures of p-cresol and cyclohexane. The results indicate that 1:1 and 1:2 ketone-p-cresol complexes are formed at concentrations of p-cresol less than 0·3 M and that even higher complexes exist at higher concentrations. Formation constants for the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were determined and used to resolve the observed carbonyl bands into the spectra of the individual complexes. More limited data obtained with other phenols and with ethanol are also presented. The results emphasize the effects of specific interactions on the carbonyl frequencies in these systems. They also show the complex nature of solvent-induced frequency shifts and illustrate the advantages of using mixed solvents to study the shifts.
Gastrointestinal Disorders and Exercise

Publisher Summary Mild to moderate exercise has less adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract and, in some ways, improves function. Severe exercise—producing a marked reduction in splanchnic blood flow, neural responses, and the release of a variety of hormones—may compromise a number of gastrointestinal functions. Exercise has to be moderated according to the specific disease, its severity, and the age of the patient and to the response experienced to the specific exercise. The gastrointestinal tract has not been one of the chief beneficiaries of investigative interest related to exercise. The information retrieved on this subject through monographs and texts explains the paucity of information related to hard data versus the abundance of opinions derived from anecdotal experiences.
The evolution of presenting signs and symptoms of lateral skull base cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Purpose of reviewTo review the presenting signs and symptoms of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the lateral skull base.Recent findingsResearch continues to demonstrate that CSF leaks from the lateral skull base are insidious, and present with subtle signs and symptoms. Patients common
Charge Collection of twin well PN junction in 65 nm CMOS Inverter

The charge collection of PN junction between wells will obviously extend the SET (single event transient) pulse width due to the accumulation of excess carrier via drift and diffuse process. The results of the heavy Ion irradiation experiments show that different n-well structures influence the SET pulse width. Further TCAD simulations were carried out to verify the PN junction between wells cause parasitic PNP bipolar transistor open for longer time. Results show that junction formed by p-well and n-well lead to worse recovery feature of 65nm CMOS inverter.
How Anti-Semitism and the Shoah Helped Shape Twentieth-Century Psychiatry

Anti-Semitism and the Shoah (Holocaust) helped shape the course of twentieth-century American psychiatry. Anti-Semitism against Jewish physicians dates to medieval times, long before Freud’s psychoanalysis was condemned as “Jewish science” and outlawed by the Nazis. Freud’s heir apparent, Carl Jung, son of a Protestant minister, eventually accepted chairmanship of the Nazi-run medical psychology group after the Nazis ousted the Jewish chair and members. To flee the Nazis, hundreds of psychoanalysts emigrated to America, where they established analytic institutes and chaired prestigious academic departments until a paradigm shift occurred in the mid-1980s. Some analysts were already world-famous, and some such as Bruno Bettelheim were outright frauds. Scientific studies in child development by Erik Erikson and Rene Spitz gained ground, while scientifically unsupported analytic concepts such as “refrigerator mothers” and “schizophrenogenic mothers” caused more harm than good. Anti-psychiatry ideas articulated by Thomas Szasz were seeded by his first-hand observations of Nazi-era fascism. Even biological psychiatry was impacted by discoveries of displaced scientists such as Leo Sternbach, Frank Berger, and Nobelist Eric Kandel. Yet biopsychiatry temporarily took a backseat because of associations with Nazi theories about eugenics and inheritable degeneration (and because of publicized abuses in state hospitals). Were it not for the wholesale emigration of analysts in response to the Nazi regime, and the need to explain such evil, it is unlikely that psychoanalysis would have gained such a stronghold in America, and it is likely that American psychiatry would have progressed differently, possibly devoting more resources to the biological basis of serious mental illness. The delayed attention to such serious illnesses may be another indirect casualty of the Shoah.
"Stop Doing That!": Effects of Teacher Reprimands on Student Disruptive Behavior and Engagement.

Many teachers resort to using reprimands in attempts to stop disruptive student behavior, particularly by students with emotional or behavioral problems, although this may not be effective. This st...
Surgical Outcomes of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has emerged as a safe and effective approach to the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The relationship of ablation volume with postoperative outcomes remains an area of contention. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of available studies on LITT for TLE. Seizure freedom and complication rates were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Meta-regression of seizure freedom rate for the overall cohort and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) subset (n = 384) was performed adjusting for overall ablation volume as well as percentage of hippocampal and amygdala ablation. Results A total of 13 studies (551 patients) were analyzed. Pooled mean ablation volume was 5376 mm3 (range, 2900–7110 mm3), pooled mean hippocampal ablation was 67.5% (range, 56%–78.3%) and pooled mean amygdala ablation was 58.8% (range, 43%–73.7%). Overall seizure freedom rate was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54%–62%) and was not significantly associated with total ablation volume (P = 0.42), hippocampal ablation (P = 0.67), or amygdala ablation (P = 0.33). Seizure freedom rate for patients with MTS was 66% (95% CI, 58%–74%) and was also not found to be significantly associated with total ablation volume (P = 0.15), hippocampal ablation (P = 0.73), or amygdala ablation (P = 0.43). Overall complication rate was 17% (95% CI, 13%–22%). Conclusions The findings show a pooled seizure freedom rate of 58% for all patients with TLE and 66% for patients with MTS undergoing LITT. The evidence is insufficient to support a significant relationship of seizure freedom rate with total ablation volume as well as hippocampal or amygdala ablation.
Contextual factors shaping diverse political action: A commentary on the special issue on adolescent political development.

Abstract This timely special issue on political development broadens the empirical conversation around how adolescents are engaging politically and civically, what factors shape their involvement, how their involvement impacts their wellbeing, and how to engage diverse populations of youth in the political system. From the perspectives of critical consciousness and sociopolitical development, we reflect on two themes in particular: the importance of context and the various ways in which political development and involvement is conceptualized and defined. We conclude with suggestions for future empirical work and implications for policy and practice.
THE OCCURRENCE RATE OF EARTH ANALOG PLANETS ORBITING SUN-LIKE STARS

Kepler is a space telescope that searches Sun-like stars for planets. Its major goal is to determine ηEarth, the fraction of Sun-like stars that have planets like Earth. When a planet "transits" or moves in front of a star, Kepler can measure the concomitant dimming of the starlight. From analysis of the first four months of those measurements for over 150,000 stars, Kepler's Science Team has determined sizes, surface temperatures, orbit sizes, and periods for over a thousand new planet candidates. In this paper, we characterize the period probability distribution function of the super-Earth and Neptune planet candidates with periods up to 132 days, and find three distinct period regimes. For candidates with periods below 3 days, the density increases sharply with increasing period; for periods between 3 and 30 days, the density rises more gradually with increasing period, and for periods longer than 30 days, the density drops gradually with increasing period. We estimate that 1%-3% of stars like the Sun are expected to have Earth analog planets, based on the Kepler data release of 2011 February. This estimate of ηEarth is based on extrapolation from a fiducial subsample of the Kepler planet candidates that we chose to be nominally "complete" (i.e., no missed detections) to the realm of the Earth-like planets, by means of simple power-law models. The accuracy of the extrapolation will improve as more data from the Kepler mission are folded in. Accurate knowledge of ηEarth is essential for the planning of future missions that will image and take spectra of Earth-like planets. Our result that Earths are relatively scarce means that a substantial effort will be needed to identify suitable target stars prior to these future missions.
Sexual Misconduct and Illinois Civil Procedure Laws

There is now unprecedented national attention on acts of sexual misconduct (including harassment, assault, and discrimination). Attention is directed to acts in and outside of government, as well as to acts in and outside of employment and domestic relations. In an era where victims of sexual misconduct are more likely not only to speak out, but to sue, the time is ripe to reconsider how the Illinois circuit courts process sexual misconduct claims. Recent events suggest process reforms could, inter alia, include alterations of civil claim settlement laws; both formal and informal discovery laws; and lawyer responsibility laws. Discussion of such possible reforms follows.
Internet-Based Psychotherapy Intervention for Depression Among Older Adults Receiving Home Care: Qualitative Study of Participants' Experiences.

Background: Depression is common among homebound older adults. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is a promising but understudied approach for treating depression among older adults with disabilities. Objective: This study aims to understand the experiences of homebound older adults who participated in a pilot feasibility trial of an iCBT for depression. Methods: The participants included 21 homebound older adults who participated in a generic iCBT program that was not specifically designed for older adults and 8 home care workers who assisted in the iCBT program. Informants completed semistructured individual interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using methods informed by grounded theory. A hierarchical code structure of themes and subthemes was developed after an iterative process of constant comparisons and questionings of the initial codes. The data analysis was conducted by using dedoose, a web app for mixed methods research. Results: Three themes and various subthemes emerged related to participants’ experience of the iCBT intervention, as follows: intervention impact, which involved subthemes related to participants’ perceived impact of the intervention; challenges and difficulties, which involved subthemes on the challenges and difficulties that participants experienced in the intervention; and facilitators, which involved subthemes on the factors that facilitated intervention use and engagement. Conclusions: iCBT is a promising intervention for homebound older adults experiencing depression. Home care workers reported improved relationships with their clients and that the program did not add a burden to their duties. Future programs should involve accessible technical features and age-adapted content to improve user experience, uptake, and adherence. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04267289; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04267289
Statistical analysis of concentric objects estimation problem under the heteroscedastic Berman model

Abstract The problem of fitting two concentric objects (circles and ellipses) to noisy data plays a vital role in many fields. In this paper, statistical methodologies are deployed by additionally assuming that the angular differences between successively measured data points are known, which is known as Berman’s model. The heteroscedasticity between covariates is also assumed here, and hence, several estimators for the problem of fitting concentric circles and ellipses are developed and their statistical properties are established. Unlike concentric circles, the problem of fitting concentric ellipses turns out to be nonlinear even with Berman’s assumption, and as such, iterative algorithms are implemented. Extensive numerical experiments were conducted to validate our results.
Satisfaction with the Process versus Outcome of Care in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Patient satisfaction, with both process of care and outcome of care, is critical for measuring the quality and value of elective procedures such as arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between early postoperative satisfaction with the process of care and 2-year satisfaction with the outcome of care after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from institutional arthroplasty registries. Satisfaction with the outcome of care was measured on a scale of 0-100 by a previously-validated questionnaire administered 2-years post-operatively. Patient satisfaction with the process of care was measured by the Press Ganey (PG) inpatient survey, also scored 0-100. We examined the correlation between these two measures of satisfaction in patients who underwent primary THA or TKA. Results 721 TKA patients and 760 THA patients underwent surgery and completed both the PG survey and 2-year satisfaction questionnaire. The mean age was 65.1 years with a mean BMI of 28.8 and 56% were female. The mean PG survey score for the entire cohort was 95.6. The mean 2-year satisfaction score was 90.3. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the PG survey and the 2-year satisfaction survey was 0.23 for TKA patients (p Conclusion We found a weak correlation between the measurement of satisfaction with the process of care surrounding hip and knee arthroplasty using the PG survey and measurement of satisfaction with the outcome of care after arthroplasty using a validated 2-year satisfaction instrument.
In Brief: Online database of European marine research projects

EurOcean-European Centre for Information on Marine Science and Technology has created an online database (available at http://euroceanmrfp.addition.pt) of 516 marine research projects funded by various European entities. Eur-Ocean is a program intended to facilitate access to information and encourage cooperation between European organizations involved in marine research.
Influence of fish on the bioavailability of plant iron in the anemic rat

The effect of fish protein and fish oil on the utilization of endogenous iron in wheat bran, spinach and soy protein isolate was investigated by using the anemic rat as an animal model. Marine products were substituted for casein and corn oil in the diets of these animals. Hemoglobin regeneration was one criteria used to measure iron uptake. Relative biological values (RBV) were computed from a regression equation obtained from control animals receiving graded levels of FeSO4 X 7H2O. The RBV of iron from plant sources provided in diets containing casein-corn oil versus fish-fish oil were: wheat bran, 123 vs. 111%; spinach, 53 vs. 49%; and soybean isolate, 84 vs. 67%; RBV FeSO4 = 100%. These changes were not significant. The decreases in iron absorption from diets containing marine products was attributed to the fish oil. Absorption of exogenous iron (59Fe) was measured in the same animals after the 14-day repletion period. Assimilation of the 59Fe was highly correlated (r2 = 0.958) with hemoglobin level at time of dosing. Diet composition did not appear to have the same effect on the percentage of 59Fe retained after 110 hours by the rat as compared to levels of hemoglobin regeneration (i.e., RBV). A "meat factor" effect was not shown by substituting fish for casein the diets containing plant iron sources fed anemic rats.
Physics Parameterization for Seasonal Prediction

Abstract : This 6.1 project is part of a long-term effort to identify and solve the major challenges of parameterizing the impacts of physical processes on atmospheric predictions extending out to seasonal time scales. Achievement of this goal will represent a significant step towards the development of an operational global earth system model targeted by the national Earth System Prediction Capability- Research, development, and Operations (ESPC-RDO) effort, in which the United States Navy is a participant. This project targets development of a unified treatment of atmospheric mixing within the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) suitable for extended range prediction that includes not only boundary layer mixing, but mixing by shallow to mid-level convective clouds, as well as deep convection. The project will pursue a more consistent and realistic treatment of the relative magnitudes of these various mixing processes, focusing on the hydrologic cycle, but also addressing related momentum drag balance issues.
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM

Regulation of gene expression within the intestinal epithelium is complex and controlled by various signaling pathways that regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation. Proliferation is required both to grow and to replace cells lost through apoptosis and attrition, yet in all but a few cells, differentiation must take place to prevent uncontrolled growth (cancer) and to provide essential functions. In this chapter, we review the major signaling pathways underlying regulation of gene expression within the intestinal epithelium, based primarily on data from mouse models, as well as specific morphogens and transcription factor families that have a major role in regulating intestinal gene expression, including the Hedgehog family, Forkhead Box (FOX) factors, Homeobox (HOX) genes, ParaHox genes, GATA transcription factors, canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, EPH/Ephrins, Sox9, BMP signaling, PTEN/PI3K, LKB1, K-RAS, Notch pathway, HNF, and MATH1. We also briefly highlight important emerging areas of gene regulation, including microRNA (miRNA) and epigenetic regulation.
Glycolysis and the permeation of glucose and lactate in the isolated, perfused dog brain during anoxia and postanoxic recovery.

Abstract Isolated, perfused canine brain preparations were used to investigate cerebral metabolism during anoxia and subsequent recovery. The metabolic response of a 6-min perfusion with anoxic blood (poo2 l 10 mm Hg), followed by perfusion for up to 2 hours with normal oxygenated blood, was investigated in 41 separate experiments. Net uptake of glucose and efflux of lactate were calculated from their arteriovenous differences. Concentrations of the glycolytic intermediates, the adenine nucleotides, and glycogen were determined from analyses of cerebral cortex samples which were frozen in situ. In the canine brain there is approximately a 5-fold increase in the glycolytic rate after 1 min of anoxia. During this period, the rate of glucose uptake increases 140% by a mechanism which appears to be metabolically controlled. The regulatory enzymes hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and glycogen phosphorylase are also markedly stimulated. Although brain lactic acid increases from 1.78 to 16.1 µmoles per g during anoxia, the increase in lactate efflux from the brain is minimal. Six minutes of anoxia causes the adenylate energy charge to decrease from 0.89 to 0.56. As a result of aerobic perfusion following anoxia, the adenylate energy charge and the rate of glucose uptake return to normal within about 5 min. The rates of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase are clearly and significantly impeded, which serves to decrease the glycolytic flux. During the 2-hour recovery period, the rate of glycolysis and the levels of glycolytic intermediates return to normal, except for lactate, pyruvate, and glucose 6-phosphate which remain elevated. No net synthesis of glycogen occurs. An inhibiting effect of halothane anesthesia on brain phosphofructokinase was also observed.
K Ic and J Ic of Westerly Granite—Effects of Thickness and In-Plane Dimensions

An investigation is described in which tensile properties, fracture toughness, and critical J integral are measured for Westerly granite, a rock that is widely used in rock mechanics studies. This was primarily a parameter sensitivity study in which the effects of specimen dimensions and testing techniques were assessed. It is hoped that this study will aid in establishing tentative standards and guidelines for fracture toughness testing of rock as well as indicate the feasibility of using a J integral fracture criterion for this material. ASTM standard specimen configurations of the compact and bend types were tested with compact specimens ranging in width from W = 25.4 mm to W = 406.4 mm (0.5T to 8T) and with thickness ranging from 13 mm to 100 mm. A series of 4T compact specimens were tested to assess the effects of thickness and fatigue precracking. Techniques are described that enable several values of K/sub Ic/, a complete J vs crack growth curve, and a J/sub Ic/ value to be obtained from each sample. Direct-pull tension tests on shaped specimens of Westerly granite are described which indicate a high degree of nonlinear, inelastic behavior. This fact raises questions about the use of LEFM, butmore » the J/sub Ic/ data presented appear to validate the K/sub Ic/ measurements.« less
Multivariate Model for Defining Changes in Maximal Physical Working Capacity of Men, Ages 25 to 70 Years

The purpose of this study was to develop a multivariate model with cross-sectional data that defined the decline in VO2max over time, and cross-validate the model with longitudinal data. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,608 healthy men who ranged in age from 25 to 70 years. VO2max was directly measured during a maximum Bruce treadmill stress test. Regression analysis showed that the cross-sectional age and VO2max relationship was linear, r = 0.45 and the age decline in VO2max was 0.48 ml/kg/min/year. Multiple regression developed the multivariate model from age, percent body fat (%fat), self-report physical activity (SR-PA), and the interaction of SR-PA and %fat (R = 0.793). Accounting for the variance in percent body fat and exercise habits decreased the influence of age on the decline of VO2max to just −0.27 ml/kg/min/year. This showed that much of decline in maximal physical working capacity was due to physical activity level and percent body fat, not aging. The multivariate equation was appli...
Asthma, body mass, gender, and Hispanic national origin among 517 preschool children in New York City

Background: Striking differences in asthma prevalence have been reported among Hispanic adults and children living in different cities of the USA. Prevalence is highest among those of Puerto Rican and lowest among those of Mexican origin. We hypothesized that body size would mediate this association. Methods: Parents of children in New York City Head Start programs completed a questionnaire including demographic factors, health history, a detailed history of respiratory conditions, lifestyle, and home environment. Children’s height and weight were measured in home visits. Logistic regression was used to model the association of asthma with body mass index percentile (<85th percentile, gender/age specific vs≥85th percentile, gender/age specific), national origin, and other factors. Results: Of 517 children at mean age of 4.0 ± 0.6 years, 34% met the study criteria for asthma, and 43% were above the 85th percentile. Asthma was strongly associated with non-Mexican national origin, male gender, allergy symptoms, and maternal asthma, and marginally with body size. The odds of asthma among boys of non-Mexican origin was 5.9 times that among boys of Mexican origin [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9–12.2]; the comparable odds ratio (OR) among girls was 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9–3.6). Body mass was associated with asthma among girls [OR = 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1–3.7)], but not boys [OR = 1.4 (95% CI: 0.8–2.6)]. Conclusions: The association of asthma with both body mass and national origin was gender-specific among the children in our study. Ours is one of the first studies to report on pediatric asthma in different Hispanic populations in the same city, by gender.
Building Library Components that Can Use Any MPI Implementation

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard for programming parallel computers is widely used for building both programs and libraries. Two of the strengths of MPI are its support for libraries and the existence of multiple implementations on many platforms. These two strengths conflict, however, when an application wants to use libraries built with different MPI implementations. This paper describes several solutions to this problem, based on minor changes to the API. These solutions also suggest design considerations for other standards, particularly those that expect to have multiple implementations and to be used in concert with other libraries.
Ocular-focus stimulator

Ocular focus stimulator with provision for optical distance change between object and observer without brightness and visual angle variation
Using the brain to screen cloned genes

Abstract Expression-cloning systems, such as lambda gt11, are useful for isolating complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding proteins made in the nervous system. By using antibodies to screen expression libraries, even rare brain cDNAs can be detected. However, authenticating a cloned cDNA is often a major obstacle for further characterization. This article describes a strategy for confirming cDNAs that takes advantage of the anatomical distribution of the encoded protein within the brain. The approach is discussed in the context of cloning a neuropeptide cDNA, but is applicable to other proteins whose anatomical localization is known.
Behavioral and electroantennogram responses of periplanone analogs.

The biological activities of synthetic periplanone analogs, including four candidates of periplanone-A (P-A), were evaluated by behavioral and electroantennogram (EAG) assays. Among 16 periplanone analogs, six compounds evoked pheromonal activity from the male American cockroaches. The threshold dosages of these biological active analogs were 10–105 times lower than that of the known periplanone mimic, germacrene-D. The conformation required for eliciting the pheromonal activity is discussed in terms of the structure-activity relationship of these analogs. Hauptmann's P-A elicited the strongest pheromonal activity among four candidates of P-A in our bioassay, suggesting that Hauptmann's P-A is a natural P-A produced from female cockroaches.
Massive Splenomegaly With Multiple Defects in a Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Demonstrated by 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid Scintigraphy

A99mTc-sulfur colloid liver-spleen scintigram of a 78-year-old woman with a painful, large mass in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen revealed massive splenomegaly with multiple areas of absent radioactivity. Splenectomy was performed and the removed spleen, weighing 2,010 g, was confirmed to contain acute and old infarcts with leukemic cell and megakaryocyte infiltration.