cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An androgen response element mediates LNCaP cell dependent androgen induction of the hK2 gene.

Abstract Human glandular kallikrein (hK2) is an androgen regulated protein primarily expressed in the prostate and recently identified as a novel prostate cancer marker. A 5 kb 5′ flanking region of the hK2 gene was isolated and sequenced to characterize the regulatory mechanisms for the expression of hK2 in the androgen responsive prostate cell line, LNCaP. Using gene transfer, gel shift, and mutagenesis assays we have identified an ARE in the 5′ far upstream promoter region of the hK2 gene that is crucial for its regulation in LNCaP cells. This study further demonstrated that the hK2 upstream ARE plays a predominant role in androgenic response. More interestingly, previously identified AREs in the prostate specific antigen promoter and the hK2 proximal promoter exert little activity in LNCaP cells. This study for the first time identifies a unique ARE that alone mediates the function of the androgen receptor in LNCaP cells in a cell dependent manner. This study also examines the activity of this ARE with 1α, 25 dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on the expression of the hK2 gene in LNCaP cells.
Ecophysiological importance of cloud immersion in a relic spruce–fir forest at elevational limits, southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

Climate warming predicts changes to the frequency and height of cloud-immersion events in mountain communities. Threatened southern Appalachian spruce–fir forests have been suggested to persist because of frequent periods of cloud immersion. These relic forests exist on only seven mountaintop areas, grow only above ca. 1,500 m elevation (maximum 2,037 m), and harbor the endemic Abies fraseri. To predict future distribution, we examined the ecophysiological effects of cloud immersion on saplings of A. fraseri and Picea rubens at their upper and lower elevational limits. Leaf photosynthesis, conductance, transpiration, xylem water potentials, and general abiotic variables were measured simultaneously on individuals at the top (1,960 m) and bottom (1,510 m) of their elevation limits on numerous clear and cloud-immersed days throughout the growing season. The high elevation sites had 1.5 as many cloud-immersed days (75 % of days) as the low elevation sites (56 % of days). Cloud immersion resulted in higher photosynthesis, leaf conductance, and xylem water potentials, particularly during afternoon measurements. Leaf conductance remained higher throughout the day with corresponding increases in photosynthesis and transpiration, despite low photon flux density levels, leading to an increase in water potentials from morning to afternoon. The endemic A. fraseri had a greater response in carbon gain and water balance in response to cloud immersion. Climate models predict warmer temperatures with a decrease in the frequency of cloud immersion for this region, leading to an environment on these peaks similar to elevations where spruce–fir communities currently do not exist. Because spruce–fir communities may rely on cloud immersion for improved carbon gain and water conservation, an upslope shift is likely if cloud ceilings rise. Their ultimate survival will likely depend on the magnitude of changes in cloud regimes.
From the Editor: Challenges to Guiding the Teacher of Guided Play

Previously in these pages, I applauded the rise of universal prekindergarten around the country, but cautioned against conflating the need for it with inappropriate learning standards or push down ...
Fatal intrauterine adenoviral endomyocarditis with aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis: diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction.

We report a case of fatal hydrops fetalis owing to adenoviral endomyocarditis with aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis. A 1850-g macerated male stillborn delivered 1 week after fetal ultrasonography showed hydrops, cardiomegaly, and possible aortic valve stenosis. Autopsy confirmed hydrops and showed thickened, fibrotic semilunar valves with stenosis. The myocardium was focally fibrotic with areas of calcification. Polymerase chain reaction study of myocardial and aortic valve tissue was positive for adenovirus. Intrauterine viral myocarditis has been reported only rarely, but cases owing to Coxsackie B virus, adenovirus, and parvovirus B19 have appeared in the literature. With the exception of rubella, viral causation of significant valvular lesions in humans has received scanty support in the literature. This report suggests a broader group of causative agents.
Psychiatric comorbidity associated with DSM-IV ADHD in a nonreferred sample of twins.

ABSTRACT Objective To test the external validity of the dimensions and subtypes of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by assessing the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. Method Eight- to 18-year-old twins with ADHD ( n = 105) and without ADHD ( n = 95) were recruited through local school districts. Comorbid disorders were assessed by structured diagnostic interviews with the parent and child and by a behavioral rating scale completed by the child's classroom teacher. Results Symptoms of inattention were associated with lower intelligence and higher levels of depression, whereas symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity were associated more strongly with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). All DSM-IV subtypes were associated with higher rates of ODD and CD in comparison with controls, and the combined type was associated with more disruptive behavior disorder symptoms than the other 2 subtypes. The combined type and predominantly inattentive type were associated with more symptoms of depression than controls or the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. Conclusions These results provide support for the discriminant validity of the dimensions and subtypes of DSM-IV ADHD and suggest that clinicians should carefully screen for comorbid disorders as part of a comprehensive assessment of ADHD.
The Net-Enabled Business Innovation Cycle and the Evolution of Dynamic Capabilities

Wheeler's Net-Enabled Business Innovation Cycle (NEBIC) integrates IS and strategy research to offer an interesting and timely perspective on value creation. We extend Wheeler's theoretical propositions, highlighting the interplay between strategy, IS, and entrepreneurship in a quest for competitive advantage. This interplay is crucial to the creation of the dynamic capabilities that enable companies to gain an advantage through NEBIC. The importance of opportunity recognition and absorptive capacity in bringing about the changes that make NEBIC viable is also highlighted.
Structure factors and their distributions in driven two-species models

We study spatial correlations and structure factors in a three-state stochastic lattice gas, consisting of holes and two oppositely ``charged'' species of particles, subject to an ``electric'' field at zero total charge. The dynamics consists of two nearest-neighbor exchange processes, occurring on different times scales, namely, particle-hole and particle-particle exchanges. Using both Langevin equations and Monte Carlo simulations, we study the steady-state structure factors and correlation functions in the disordered phase, where density profiles are homogeneous. In contrast to equilibrium systems, the average structure factors here show a discontinuity singularity at the origin. The associated spatial correlation functions exhibit intricate crossovers between exponential decays and power laws of different kinds. The full probability distributions of the structure factors are universal asymmetric exponential distributions.
Pioneers of Providence: The Anglo-American Experience, 1492–1792

The English colonization of North America has always seemed providential for the legatees of that process, and for good reason. Awakened at last to the potentialities of the New World by the profits of privateering and emboldened by the daring actions of Elizabeth and Francis Drake, the English shook off their profound disinterest in the Americas and embarked on a colonial venture of immense and improbable proportion. During the ensuing two centuries, they entered into the imperial scramble for the New World; established hegemony over the Atlantic Seaboard of North America; implanted (not always wittingly) a profuse variety of sturdy regional societies and economies committed more or less to ethnocultural pluralism, capitalist institutions, and exponential demographic and economic growth; and, in the end, capitulated to the colonies’ revolutionary insistence on independence from the Crown. When, soon after, the new nation was propelled forward by an industrial revolution, her citizens were prepared to believe that indeed they were pioneers of providence—all of which has been of small comfort to their less fortunate co-colonials around the globe.
Protecting fish assemblages on sunken vessels to enhance diving ecotourism and local natural resources

ABSTRACT ARENA, P., 2011. Protecting Fish Assemblages on Sunken Vessels to Enhance Diving Ecotourism and Local Natural Resources. In: Micallef, A. (ed.), MCRR3-2010 Conference Proceedings, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 61, pp. 375–377. Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy, ISSN 0749-0208. Sixty percent of the world's human population lives within 60 km of the coastline. The ever increasing numbers of people near the coast leads to higher demand for recreational opportunities in these coastal areas. One very popular activity is SCUBA diving and ecotourism. Divers have consistently shown they enjoy diving on artificial reefs with a preference for sunken vessels. These artificial reef types have been shown to harbor a wide variety and large numbers of fishes. However, these fishes are susceptible to heavy fishing pressure and a conflict exists between fishers who would like to harvest its resources and ecotourists who prefer to observe and photograph these fishes. Fishing on these artificial reefs can ...
Fabrication of Silicon Oxide Nanodots with an Areal Density Beyond 1 Teradots Inch−2

The combination of solvent annealing, surface reconstruction, and a tone-reversal etching procedure provides an attractive approach to utilize block copolymer (BCP) lithography to fabricate highly ordered and densely packed silicon oxide nano-dots on a surface. The obtained silicon oxide nano-dots feature an areal density of 1.3 teradots inch(-2) .
Hofmann, S. G. (2012). An Introduction to Modern CBT: Psychological Solutions to Mental Health Problems Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract This paper reviews Hofmann’s (2012) An Introduction to Modern CBT: Psychological Solutions to Mental Health Problems. Hofmann’s book is a new tool in the struggle to disseminate CBT to the uninitiated and to train new clinicians in the basic elements of cognitive behavioral treatments. This book is an accessible introduction to basic cognitive behavioral models and techniques across a variety of conditions, with ample hypothetical case material to illustrate the approaches described. The book provides a theoretical introduction to CBT, discusses the general processes and procedures used in treatment, illustrates the approach in 10 specific problem areas, and summarizes empirical support for the approaches described. Particularly helpful are the clinical examples, learning objectives, suggested exercises, and sample dialogues that are provided. While the book tends to give less attention to the behavioral tradition in CBT, and is not intended to illustrate the use of CBT in complex cases or diverse populations, it achieves the author’s goal of providing a primer on both traditional CBT techniques and emerging CBT technologies. Students, new clinicians, allied health professionals, and patients can benefit from this important work.
Study of Pullout Performance of Self-Tapping Screws for Human Bone

The study investigates the pullout strength of self-tapping pedicle screws using analytical, finite element, and experimental methodologies with focus on medical device applications. The stress distribution and failure propagation around implant threads in the synthetic bone during the pullout process, as well as the pullout strength of pedicle screws, are explored. Based on the FEA results, an analytical model for the pullout strength of the pedicle screw is constructed in terms of the synthetic bone material properties, screw size, and implant depth. The characteristics of pullout behavior of self-tapping pedicle screws are discussed. Both the analytical model and finite element results are validated using experimental techniques.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Redesign of an Adjustable Slope Moving Ground Plane Wind Tunnel

Ground effect is an aerodynamic phenomenon that occurs when moving bodies come in close proximity to the ground. A “cushion” of air is created underneath the moving body which provides additional lift by increasing the local pressure under the body surface. To experimentally test ground effect vehicles, a unique wind tunnel is currently being redesigned and constructed at West Virginia University. This wind tunnel incorporates a rotating belt as the ground plane and a centrifugal fan that generates the air flow through the test section in the same direction as the belt’s rotation. The combination of a rotating belt and airflow is used to mimic ground effect in that it is representative of a body moving through still air in close proximity to the ground. The test section and fan assembly sit on a platform that is connected to a movable base frame. The base and testing platform connect through a pivot point that is capable of being raised upward to a maximum angle of fifty degrees to account for gravitational vector alignment between modeled and real world conditions. When the platform is raised and the belt is spinning, the structure is less stable and has the potential to create errors in force readings due to these oscillations, as well as the potential to tip in extreme wind conditions. Thus, the evaluation of the original design and the subsequent redesign are addressed in this research effort. To stabilize the wind tunnel, additional structural elements have been added downstream of the test section. Two telescoping poles were added to the end of the platform that will connect onto outriggers attached to the base structure. These poles and outriggers will form an A-shape support system when the platform is raised to any degree between zero and fifty. The width of the outriggers was calculated and then modeled in conjunction with the existing base structure. The final design is presented in this paper.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Nuclear energy: a fuel for the 21st century? A green perspective

Global warming has put green economics in an uncomfortable position. Should we support nuclear energy, long considered an anathema, as a temporary expedient? Or should we resist nuclear energy's seductive appeal as a palliative for global warming? Is green economics forced to choose between the lesser of two evils – global warming and nuclear energy? Or is there a more palatable alternative consistent with our moral beliefs, our stated principles and concern for humanity? The objective of this paper is to develop a green economics position on nuclear energy. This is essential given the renewed interest in nuclear energy in the USA and Europe as part of a judicious mix to improve energy security and attenuate global warming. Schumacher (1989) wrote a generation ago, "When a thing is intelligible you have a sense of participation; when a thing is unintelligible, you have a sense of estrangement" (p.89). The goal of this paper is to make nuclear energy 'intelligible' in order to formulate a green position on nuclear energy. Section one of this paper will briefly discuss the urgency of global warming and section two, the fundamentals of nuclear energy. The third and fourth sections discuss the pros and cons of nuclear energy respectively; and the final section develops a position on nuclear energy consistent with the principles of green economics.
Tumor prevalence and biomarkers of exposure and response in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from the Anacostia River, Washington, DC and Tuckahoe River, Maryland, USA

We evaluated liver and skin tumor prevalence and biomarkers of exposure and response in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from three locations in the Anacostia River (Washington, DC, USA), a Chesapeake Bay region of concern. The Tuckahoe River (Maryland, USA) served as a reference. Each river was sampled in fall 2000 and spring 2001. In the Anacostia, prevalence of liver tumors was 50 to 68%, and prevalence of skin tumors was 13 to 23% in large (> or = 260 mm, age > or = 3 years) bullheads. Liver and skin tumor prevalence was 10 to 17% and 0%, respectively, in small (150-225 mm, age 1-2 years) bullheads. Tuckahoe bullhead liver tumor prevalence was 0 to 3% (large) and 0% (small); none had skin tumors. Biliary polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-like fluorescent metabolites and liver DNA adduct concentrations were elevated in large and small Anacostia bullheads. Mean adduct concentrations were 16 to 28 times higher than those in Tuckahoe fish. Chromatograms revealed a diagonal radioactive zone, indicating polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC)-DNA adducts. The biomarker data and the 10 to 17% liver tumor prevalence at ages 1 to 2 suggest that these year classes are likely to have a high prevalence as they reach age 3 and older. This study provides the strongest evidence to date of the role of PAHs in tumor development in Anacostia bullheads.
Simultaneous rapid sequencing of multiple RNA virus genomes

Comparing sequences of archived viruses collected over many years to the present allows the study of viral evolution and contributes to the design of new vaccines. However, the difficulty, time and expense of generating full-length sequences individually from each archived sample have hampered these studies. Next generation sequencing technologies have been utilized for analysis of clinical and environmental samples to identify viral pathogens that may be present. This has led to the discovery of many new, uncharacterized viruses from a number of viral families. Use of these sequencing technologies would be advantageous in examining viral evolution. In this study, a sequencing procedure was used to sequence simultaneously and rapidly multiple archived samples using a single standard protocol. This procedure utilized primers composed of 20 bases of known sequence with 8 random bases at the 3'-end that also served as an identifying barcode that allowed the differentiation each viral library following pooling and sequencing. This conferred sequence independence by random priming both first and second strand cDNA synthesis. Viral stocks were treated with a nuclease cocktail to reduce the presence of host nucleic acids. Viral RNA was extracted, followed by single tube random-primed double-stranded cDNA synthesis. The resultant cDNAs were amplified by primer-specific PCR, pooled, size fractionated and sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM platform. The individual virus genomes were readily assembled by both de novo and template-assisted assembly methods. This procedure consistently resulted in near full length, if not full-length, genomic sequences and was used to sequence multiple bovine pestivirus and coronavirus isolates simultaneously.
Two-dimensional time dependent Riemann solvers for neutron transport

A two-dimensional Riemann solver is developed for the spherical harmonics approximation to the time dependent neutron transport equation. The eigenstructure of the resulting equations is explored, giving insight into both the spherical harmonics approximation and the Riemann solver. The classic Roe-type Riemann solver used here was developed for one-dimensional problems, but can be used in multidimensional problems by treating each face of a two-dimensional computation cell in a locally one-dimensional way. Several test problems are used to explore the capabilities of both the Riemann solver and the spherical harmonics approximation. The numerical solution for a simple line source problem is compared to the analytic solution to both the P"1 equation and the full transport solution. A lattice problem is used to test the method on a more challenging problem.
A simple portable pneumatic pump for external cardiac massage.

Abstract A portable pneumatic pump for external cardiac massage has been described. The apparatus is easy to operate, involving only three maneuvers, namely, opening the gas valve, connecting the hose to the gas source, and turning the rate regulator to the desired speed. A two-transistor rate circuit controls a small relay which energizes the solenoid of the valve. A small 30 volt battery powers the transistors while a larger lantern battery is used for the solenoid. The control circuit may be bypassed by means of a switching jack, and the solenoid valve controlled externally for synchronization of the R wave. The apparatus has maintained adequate circulation so that dogs in ventricular fibrillation for 30-minute periods were easily restored to good health by external countershock. Arterial pressures were recorded in 3 recently deceased persons. Further experimental and clinical studies are being conducted to elucidate those circulatory and respiratory factors which will make external cardiac massage most likely to succeed.
Manufacturing High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels by Pressurized Induction Furnace

A 25kg pressurized induction furnace with maximum nitrogen pressure 6MPa was invented to manufacture high nitrogen stainless steels. The suitable process was explored, and the analysis of radiography and macrosegregation of nitrogen of high nitrogen steel ingot was performed. The mechanical properties and inclusions of the forging ingot were also investigated. The suitable solidification nitrogen pressure can effectively prevent the formation of nitrogen porosity and macrosegregation of nitrogen. It is very important to control the purity of the nitrogen gas to a higher level for avoiding the manganese loss and decreasing oxygen content in the steel during the nitrogen gas pressurized melting process. The sound and compact macrostructure high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel with nitrogen content above 1.0 wt % has been manufactured by the pressurized induction melting method. There are mainly nonmetallic inclusions with the size less than 5μm in the HNS-A ingot. The HNS-A exhibits excellent mechanical properties.
New equipment and instruments for excisional surgery

Abstract While there have been many recent innovations and advancements in equipment for such areas as laser surgery, liposuction, and dermabrasion, the instruments used in excisional surgery have changed little in the past 50 years or more. Those changes primarily have been refinements, and few truly new instruments have been introduced. This chapter will focus on those refinements and new instruments and equipment that are felt to be most useful and innovative. No endorsement of specific manufacturers is intended. Some of the items presented are available from several sources, and the intent here is to give a representative survey of the types of products currently available. A list of sources for the items featured may be found following the references at the end of the chapter.
Using “Travel Time” Data to Characterize the Behavior of Migrating Animals

For migratory species, duration of migration, or "travel time," is often a critical variable in determining the cost of migration. Observed travel times are the result of both environmental factors such as air or water currents and the behavior of individuals. In an effort to distinguish among these components, I developed a migration model based on an advection-diffusion equation that characterizes population movements in terms of two biologically meaningful parameters: migration rate and rate of population spread. I applied the model to travel time data from juvenile chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha), which were tagged during their seaward migration. The tagged fish originated from three separate evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) as classified by the U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service. The model was expanded by allowing migration and diffusion rates to vary with fish length and river flow. Variability in travel times explained by these factors was strikingly similar from year to year within ESUs, and the migratory behavior revealed by the analysis was consistent with the life-history patterns that distinguish the ESUs. The approach presented here is easily adaptable to a wide range of migratory species and may be particularly useful for predicting how at-risk populations respond to variable conditions in regulated or otherwise disturbed migration habitats.
Spatiotemporal complexity in traveling patterns

This is a study of the nonlinear interactions of solitary waves or impulses in homogeneous, extended media. We obtain the set of ordinary differential equations for the positions of the impulses in the nearest-neighbor approximation. Solutions with constant velocity lead to pattern maps that give the successive spacings of the impulses. From among the infinitely many metastable patterns given by the maps, the system chooses one asymptotically through a hierarchical evolution.
Localized avidin/biotin derivatization of glassy carbon electrodes using SECM.

Different forms of the microreagent mode of SECM were used to attach biotin or make “clean” spots on micron-sized regions on the surface of a carbon electrode. In the direct-write mode, the SECM probe tip is used as an electrochemical “pen” depositing biotin in micron-sized lines on the carbon substrate as it is scanned across its surface. In the negative microreagent mode, the SECM probe tip is used as an electrochemical “eraser” cleaning off the surface attached molecules and leaving clean spots on the surface of a globally derivatized carbon surface. This type of simple micromodification of the surface of a carbon electrode will allow the fabrication of biosensors that can potentially be tailor-made for a variety of applications.
Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part I

A programming system called LISP (for LISt Processor) has been developed for the IBM 704 computer by the Artificial Intelligence group at M.I.T. The system was designed to facilitate experiments with a proposed system called the Advice Taker, whereby a machine could be instructed to handle declarative as well as imperative sentences and could exhibit “common sense” in carrying out its instructions. The original proposal [1] for the Advice Taker was made in November 1958. The main requirement was a programming system for manipulating expressions representing formalized declarative and imperative sentences so that the Advice Taker system could make deductions. In the course of its development the LISP system went through several stages of simplification and eventually came to be based on a scheme for representing the partial recursive functions of a certain class of symbolic expressions. This representation is independent of the IBM 704 computer, or of any other electronic computer, and it now seems expedient to expound the system by starting with the class of expressions called S-expressions and the functions called S-functions.
The dependence of postreplication repair on uvrB in a recF mutant of Escherichia coli K-12.

Mutants carrying recF143 or recF144 show wild type levels of host cell reactivation of UV-irradiated λvir and wild type rates of excision gap closure in repairing UV damage to their own DNA. The same mutants showed reduced rates of postreplication repair strand joining. When uvrA- recF- or uvrB- recF- strains are tested, postreplication repair strand joining is incomplete or does not occur at fluences above 1 J/m2. We suggest that there may be a UvrAB and a RecF pathway of postreplication repair or that the repair functions controlled or determined by uvrA uvrB and by recF may be similar. An intermediate in postreplication repair may accumulate in the uvr- recF- strain.
Discrete-time feedback structures for high precision analog signal processing

The use of purely discrete-time analog feedback circuits with no continuous-time feedback present is described for realizing high precision analog signal processing systems. Several attractive properties of these systems are discussed, and their application as a highly linear current-mode sample/hold is presented.
Elimination of 2-deoxyribose interference in the thiobarbituric acid determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in tumor cells by pH-dependent extraction with cyclohexanone.

Abstract The widely used thiobarbituric acid technique for the quantitation of N -acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) was improved to eliminate the interference of the ubiquitous 2-deoxyribose. The 2-deoxyribose chromogen was completely removed by cyclohexanone extraction at pH 5.6–6.0. After readjusting the pH to 1.7–1.9, the chromogen representative of NANA was quantitatively extracted with cyclohexanone. All other aspects of the original technique (L. Warren 1959 J. Biol. Chem. 534 , 1971–1975) remained unchanged. The technique has been applied to determine total as well as neuraminidase-susceptible NANA in the preparation of the immunogen (neuraminidase-treated myeloblasts) utilized to stimulate specific immunity in patients with myeloblastic leukemia and certain solid tumors; NANA levels significantly affect immunogenicity. Data obtained from a variety of tumors using pH-dependent extraction as compared to the thiobarbituric acid method, isoamyl alcohol extraction, and ion-exchange purification showed that 2-deoxyribose interference may cause as much a two- to threefold error in the quantitation of NANA.
A novel hybrid approach utilizing principal component regression and random forest regression to bridge the period of GPS outages

Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) are two salient technologies delivering a vehicle?s position, velocity and attitude parameters for navigation. The standalone GPS undergoes signal outages (in forest area) and multipath effects (in urban areas), whereas the standalone INS solution accuracy deteriorates with time. To overcome the limitations of standalone GPS and INS, an integrated INS/GPS system is required for continuous, accurate, and reliable navigation solution. This paper proposes a hybrid method of Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) for INS and GPS data fusion.Traditional filter based fusion techniques like Kalman filter (KF), linearized KF, and particle filter (PF) have deficiencies related to sensor error modeling, immunity to noise, and computational load. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are introduced to overcome these limitations, but they show poor generalization capability in the presence of noise and suffer from over fitting. Recently, RFR is proposed as an efficient fusion technique due to its flexibility to handle non-linear input-output relationships and overcome the over fitting problems. The limitation with RFR is that it cannot handle both linear and non-linear input-output relationships effectively Hence, the paper introduces PCR, which can model linear input-output relationships. Thus, a hybrid approach of RFR and PCR provides enhanced modeling of input-output relationships leading to increased prediction accuracy and thereby improved integrated INS/GPS system performance. The results are validated through five simulated GPS outages taken on real field test data. The proposed model showed a maximum of 45.06% decrement in positional error when compared to RFR.
Origins of randomness in physical systems.

Randomness and chaos in physical systems are usually ultimately attributed to external noise. But it is argued here that even without such random input, the intrinsic behavior of many nonlinear systems can be computationally so complicated as to seem random in all practical experiments. This effect is suggested as the basic origin of such phenomena as fluid turbulence.
Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Particles Produced by Spark Erosion

The magnetizations and Curie temperatures of amorphous particles produced by spark erosion are found to be greatly reduced from the values for amorphous ribbons of the same compositions. The differences increase as particle size decreases. This behavior is interpreted as a decrease of chemical short-range order in the particles as a result of their faster quenching rate. Anomalous low-field behavior in the critical region also supports this conclusion.
THE WATERSHED IN PRINCIPLE

Three fundamental concepts linking drainage basin characteristics, stream behavior, and management of watersheds are deduced from field data and observations. An electrical analogy of a watershed clarifies definitions and broadens understanding of this complex natural resource. The three basic principles deal with (1) the interrelationships of watershed morphology, constitution, and appearance; (2) the nature of the control man can exert over runoff-influencing forces, and (3) the efficiency of watershed management efforts. Recognition of these principles can assist educators, managers, planners and researchers to more fully inform students and to more effectively guide and evaluate management decisions.
Figure adjustment of a hexagonal mirror by applied moments.

A method of passively correcting or adjusting the figure of a mirror is to deform the mirror by applying moments at specific points on the back surface. These moments can be applied by a simple system of posts and springs. The analysis of such systems is facilitated by considering these systems as elements of a linear vector space. The design and analysis of these systems of posts and springs are described.
Proton irradiation creep of FM steel T91

Abstract Ferritic–martensitic (FM) steel T91 was subjected to irradiation with 3 MeV protons while under load at stresses of 100–200 MPa, temperatures between 400 °C and 500 °C, and dose rates between 1.4 × 10 −6 dpa/s and 5 × 10 −6 dpa/s to a total dose of less than 1 dpa. Creep behavior was analyzed for parametric dependencies. The temperature dependence was found to be negligible between 400 °C and 500 °C, and the dose rate dependence was observed to be linear. Creep rate was proportional to stress at low stress values and varied with stress to the power 14 above 160 MPa. The large stress exponent of the proton irradiation creep experiments under high stress suggested that dislocation glide was driving both thermal and irradiation creep. Microstructure observations of anisotropic dislocation loops also contributed to the total creep strain. After subtracting the power law creep and anisotropic dislocation loop contributions, the remaining creep strain was accounted for by dislocation climb enabled by stress induced preferential absorption (SIPA) and preferential dislocation glide (PAG).
The Role of Faculty in Teaching Leadership Studies

The question of whether leadership can be taught has received much attention in the literature. While many authors believe that it can be taught, other disagree. Leadership is a process which is di...
Pediatric home care: An ambulatory “special care unit”

A pediatric home care program is described which has operated as an ambulatory special care unit in an urban hospital center since 1970. The program provides care for seriously or chronically ill children, who would not be adequately served through traditional ambulatory services because of either the severity and complexity of their medical problems or the inability of their families to use such services. An interdisciplinary PHC team provides comprehensive pediatric care and integrates medical and psychosocial services for the child and family. This form of special ambulatory care appears to offer advantages to patients who are at risk in existing ambulatory schemes and is an alternative to inpatient care.
Cover crops and organic mulches for nematode, weed and plant health management

Traditional cover cropping systems for nematode management seldom consider weed and soil nutrient management concurrently. Integrating cover crops suppressive to plant-parasitic nematodes with a cover crop mulching system could improve traditional approaches. Two field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate 'Tropic Sun' sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and 'Iron Clay' cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as summer cover crops and as organic mulches. Both experiments were in a 3 × 3 split-plot design in which the main plots were summer planting of sunn hemp, cowpea or fallow, and the subplots were organic mulch of sunn hemp, cowpea or no mulch. The summer cover crop was followed by turnip (Brassica rapa) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the autumn. Using sunn hemp as organic mulch suppressed root-knot nematodes more effectively than using it as a cover crop, but only on a less susceptible host such as turnip, and not on a very susceptible host such as lima bean. While sunn hemp as a cover crop failed to enhance beneficial free-living nematodes, sunn hemp as an organic mulch enhanced bacterial-feeding nematode population densities. Sunn hemp mulch also suppressed broadleaf weeds but not grasses or nutsedges. Although sunn hemp and cowpea cover crops did not increase lima bean N and K content, their mulches increased N and K content. Similar results were observed for turnip and lima bean yields. Population density of root-knot nematodes was positively related to abundance of omnivorous nematode in 2003. The abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes was negatively related to the infestation levels of Pasteuria penetrans, and the abundance of predatory nematodes in 2004. Factors that might have affected the performance of sunn hemp on nematode communities are discussed.
SU-E-J-205: Modeling Fiducial Marker Movement in Prostate.

Purpose: To understand fiducial marker movement in prostate and to improve prostate patient positioning with fiducial markers. Methods: Patient planning CT and positioning CBCT were retrospectively analyzed.CBCTimages were automatically registered to the corresponding CT ones based on their bony structures in Eclipse. The coordinates of the markers in the CT and CBCT were recorded. The status of bladder and rectum fillings, and gas in rectum were indexed into four levels and recorded. An algorithm was developed to optimally register the (three) fiducial markers in CBCT with those in the CT so that only the information on prostate deformation and marker migration remained. A mathematical model was built to estimate the marker migration and the relative contribution to the deformation from the status change of bladder and rectum. Results: The registration error from our optimal registration algorithm indicates the minimal patient setup error by using fiducial markers. The results from our analyzed 3 patients were average(standard deviation) = 1.10(0.40), 1.27(0.67) and 0.62(0.38) mm, but there were some fractions when the registration errors were over 2 mm. From our mathematical model, it was found that the marker migration could be as large as 2.9 mm. If 2 mm tolerance is required in such as SBRT, then soft tissue based registration may be more appreciated when the optimal registration error is greater than 2 mm or from the date when the migration is greater than 2 mm because the migrated marker may not change the location thereafter. In addition, for one investigated patient, the relative contribution to the deformation from the bladder, rectum filling and gas in the rectum is 0.43:0.31:0.26. More patient data are in analysis, and other interesting results will be reported. Conclusions: Fiducial marker migration can be over 2 mm. The migration will Result in a conclusion that small registration error does not mean good patient positioning.
Purification of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells by density gradient centrifugation.

Abstract A method has been developed for the isolation of chromaffin cells from guinea pig adrenal glands. Crude suspensions of adrenal cells are prepared by the digestion of adrenal glands with collagenase. Chromaffin cells are then purified from these crude suspensions by isopycnic centrifugation through a 5–25% (w/v) gradient of metrizamide. More than 90% of the cells in the preparation are viable chromaffin cells, as judged by trypan blue exclusion and fluorescence histochemistry. A more convenient method for monitoring the purity of chromaffin cell preparations, using neutral red staining, is also described. Chromaffin cells are the primary neutral red staining cell in the adrenal gland, and more than 90% of the purified chromaffin cells stain with this dye. Purified chromaffin cells contain 400 ± 50 nmol of epinephrine/mg protein (133 ± 16 nmol/106 cells), and secrete epinephrine in response to acetylcholine. At a concentration of 100 μM, acetylcholine causes a 10- to 20-fold increase in the secretion of epinephrine from the cells. The method described in this paper is a useful procedure for the preparation of pure, functional chromaffin cells.
"Cup-like" blasts in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3 and NPM1 mutations.

![Figure][1] A 61-year-old man presented with left-side neck pain and swelling, dizziness, night sweats, and significant weight loss. His laboratory investigations showed pancytopenia with hemoglobin of 8.6 g/dL, leukocyte count of 600 per μL, and platelet count of 15 000 per μL. Bone
High-fidelity image compression with multithreshold wavelet coding (MTWC)

A new embedded wavelet coder called the multi-threshold wavelet coder (MTWC) was proposed in this research. The new coder was motivated by a careful analysis of the rate- distortion performance and the coding efficiency of existing embedded wavelet coders. Unlike other proposed embedded wavelet coders which use a single initial threshold in their successive approximate quantization, MTWC uses different initial thresholds in different subbands and applies a subband decision scheme to decide which subband should be coded in sequence. It is shown with experimental results that MTWC has a better rate-distortion tradeoff at higher bit rates and a lower computational complexity than other embedded wavelet coders. Furthermore, MTWC can be easily applied to an image coder with the wavelet packet transform, whose performance is significantly better than their age coder with the pyramid wavelet transform for texture-dominant imagery.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Static performance of a multiaxis thrust vectoring cruciform nozzle

A multiaxis thrust vectoring nozzle designed to have equal flow turning capability in pitch and yaw is investigated, and methods for obtaining large multiaxis thrust vector angles without physical vectoring flap interference are studied. These methods include restricting the pitch flaps from the path of the yaw flaps, and shifting the flow path at the throat off the nozzle centerline in order to permit larger pitch flap deflections without interfering with operation of the yaw flaps. The results obtained show that unvectored performance of the cruciform nozzle is only slightly lower (0.5 to 1.0 percent) than that of previously tested axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric nozzles, despite the complex internal geometry. The shifted-throat nozzle design has larger thrust vector angles at the nozzle pressure ratio of peak resultant thrust efficiency, but has 1 to 2 percent lower peak thrust performance than the restricted-flap nozzle design.
Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of amino acids and nucleotide bases for target bacterial vibrational mode identification

Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) studies of bacteria have reported a wide range of vibrational mode assignments associated with biological material. We present Raman and SER spectra of the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamine, cysteine, alanine, proline, methionine, asparagine, threonine, valine, glycine, serine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid and the nucleic acid bases adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, and uridine to better characterize biological vibrational mode assignments for bacterial target identification. We also report spectra of the bacteria Bacillus globigii, Pantoea agglomerans, and Yersinia rhodei along with band assignments determined from the reference spectra obtained.
Physiological role of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport.

A model has been proposed in which mitochondrial Ca2+ ion transport serves to regulate mitochondrial matrix free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m), with the advantage to the animal that this allows the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and the tricarboxylate cycle in response to energy demand. This article examines recent evidence for dehydrogenase activation and for increases in [Ca2+]m in response to increased tissue energy demands, especially in cardiac myocytes and in heart. It critiques recent results on beat-to-beat variation in [Ca2+]m in cardiac muscle and also briefly surveys the impact of mitochondrial Ca2− transport on transient changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ in excitable tissues. Finally, it proposes that a failure to elevate [Ca2+]m sufficiently in response to work load may underlie some cardiomyopathies of metabolic origin.
Permeability of the Peritrophic Envelopes of Herbivorous Insects to Dextran Sulfate: a Test of the Polyanion Exclusion Hypothesis

We tested the hypothesis that the permeability of the peritrophic envelope in herbivorous insects is greatly reduced for polyanions as a result of an extensive network of anionic sites in the proteoglycans of the matrix. 14C-Dextran sulfate (polyanionic, 8000 M(w)) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled (FITC) dextran (monoanionic, 9400 M(w)) were introduced together into the endoperitrophic space of the midguts of Orgyia leucostigma (Lepidoptera) larvae and Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera) adults. In all cases more of the 14C-dextran sulfate permeated the peritrophic envelope than the FITC-dextran, the opposite of the result predicted by the polyanion exclusion hypothesis. We conclude that polyanion exclusion is not a mechanism that contributes significantly to the permeability properties of the peritrophic envelopes of these two species, or that explains the failure of tannic acid to cross the peritrophic envelopes of lepidopteran larvae. Copyright 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Measuring the consequences of management training

and staff, demonstrates that it has been a major factor in improving restaurant takings and profit and has reduced staff turnover (Maynard, 1982). The system, using different sets of themes, has now been extended to the selection of executives, salesmen and administrative staff and has been adapted for use in Mars Confectionery, Austin Rover and Standard Life within the U.K. and in a number of key companies in the hospitality industry in the U.S.A.
Energy Efficient Thermal Aware Routing Algorithms for Embedded Biomedical Sensor Networks

One of the major applications of sensor networks in near future will be in the area of biomedical research. Implanted biosensor nodes are already being used for various medical applications. These in-vivo sensor networks collect different biometric data and communicate the data to the base station wirelessly. These sensor networks produce heat, as the nodes have to communicate among themselves wirelessly. The rise in temperature of the nodes due to communication should not be very high. A high temperature of the in-vivo nodes for a prolonged period might damage the surrounding tissues. In this paper, we propose a new routing algorithm that reduces the amount of heat produced in the network. In the simple form, the algorithm routes packets to the coolest neighbor without inducing routing loops. In the adaptive form, the algorithm uses mechanisms to adapt to topologies with low degree of connectivity and to switch to shortest path routing if a time threshold is exceeded. The proposed algorithm performs much better in terms of reducing the amount of heat produced, delay and power consumption compared to the shortest hop routing algorithm and a previously proposed Thermal Aware Routing Algorithm (TARA).