cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE PRIVATIZED PUBLIC: ANTAGONISM FOR A RADICAL DEMOCRATIC POLITICS IN SCHOOLS?

In an extended era of privatization initiatives, when accountability principles and competitive business logics pervade school discourse and practice, what is left of the “public” part of public schooling? When market rationality privileges individualism and competition and provides much of the justification for the aims of U.S. schools, how is the notion of the public good evidenced? In this essay Deron Boyles makes the claim that public schools inordinately function as private markets—as places where a unidirectional narrative of “givens” reinforce individualism, competition, and corporatization under the guise of merit, testing, and school-business partnerships.
A Potential Gastrointestinal Link between Enhanced Postnatal Maternal Care and Reduced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adolescent Rats

Early life experience impacts emotional development in the infant. In rat pups, repeated, brief (i.e., 15 min) maternal separation (MS15) during the first 1-2 postnatal weeks has been shown to increase active maternal care and to reduce later anxiety-like behavior in the offspring. We hypothesized that the anxiolytic effect of MS15 is partly due to increased intestinal release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in rat pups as a result of increased maternal contact. We predicted that rats with a history of MS15 would display less anxiety in the elevated plus maze (EPMZ) and novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) tests, as compared with nonseparated (NS) controls, and that the anxiolytic effect of MS15 would be attenuated in rats in which daily MS15 was accompanied by systemic administration of a CCK-1 receptor antagonist (i.e., devazepide). Treatment groups included NS control litters, litters exposed to MS15 from postnatal days (P)1-10, inclusive, and litters exposed to MS15 with concurrent subcutaneous injection of devazepide or vehicle. Litters were undisturbed after P10 and were weaned on P21. Subsets of adolescent males from each litter were tested in the EPMZ on P40-41, while others were tested for NSF on P50-52. As predicted, rats with a developmental history of MS15 displayed reduced anxiety-like behavior in the EPMZ and NSF tests. The anxiolytic effect of MS15 was preserved in vehicle-treated rats, but was reversed in devazepide-treated rats. These results support the view that endogenous CCK-1 receptor signaling in infants is a potential pathway through which maternal-pup interactions regulate the development and functional organization of emotional circuits that control anxiety-like behavior in the offspring.
Electromyographic analysis of male rat perineal muscles during copulation and reflexive erections.

Abstract Anatomical examination of the ventral bulbospongiosus (BS) muscle suggested that its proximal and distal portions may act during penile erection as a two-stage pump governing the intensity of glans erections. The coordination between these portions of the BS, and of the proximal BS with the ischiocavernosus (IC) muscle, was studied using electromyographic (EMG) recordings taken during copulation and reflexive erections. Mounts without intromission were accompanied by either strong IC activity with little or no proximal BS activity, or strong proximal BS activity preceding the onset of IC activity. Activity in the proximal BS during mounts was variable in both duration and amplitude but uniform in frequency. During mounts with intromission, EMG activity of the proximal BS consisted of two characteristic phases, an early phase of low-amplitude activity which was similar to proximal BS activity during nonintromissive mounts, followed by an intromissive phase of high-amplitude, high-frequency activity. During intromission patterns, IC activity reliably preceded proximal BS activity. Ejaculations were accompanied by stronger proximal BS activity than were other copulatory events and were followed by a series of proximal BS and IC bursts lasting for 10–20 seconds. During reflexive erections, EMG activity in the proximal BS was always fusiform and varied with the intensity of erection only in frequency. In contrast to the proximal BS, activity in the distal BS was similar in frequency and amplitude across copulatory and reflexive events. These findings suggest that: a) different motoneuron pools serve the different portions of the BS muscle; b) the distal BS does not differentially affect glans erection but may serve primarily to promote rigidity of the portion of the bulb that it surrounds, while the proximal BS acts as the variable aspect of a hypothetical two-stage pump, and c) activity in the IC must precede activity in the proximal BS to achieve intromission.
Ethic of Practicality Analysis of Successful Group Curriculum Planning by Teachers

Regardless of the source of the curriculum, classroom teachers make the necessary and crucial, final decisions of specifically what and how to teach. This paper examines how three, fourth-grade teachers, who planned together voluntarily, decided what learning activities were “practical” for their students. In their seminal work, Doyle and Ponder (Interchange 8(3):1–12, 1977b) created a construct to describe how teachers decide if curriculum choices actually get implemented. They called their concept the Ethic of Practicality (EoP). Concisely, this concept is based on the premise that teachers use curricula that they find to be sensible and realistic. Doyle and Ponder devised this model to address the question of why some curriculum innovations get used and therefore succeed, while others fail. The EoP was adapted in this paper to examine the processes used in making curriculum choices by a teacher planning group who met voluntarily. The EoP’s original intent was as a model for understanding why teachers use some curriculum innovations while rejecting others. This article uses the EoP to explore the satisfaction expressed by three teachers in their team curriculum planning process. This discussion centers on the question, “Did the teachers continue their voluntary planning sessions because the resultant curriculum products were ‘practical?’” The teacher trio apparently regarded their planning sessions as highly practical and therefore continued to meet after school hours to plan their lessons. Examples demonstrate that the planning process satisfied the teachers in terms of the three components of the EoP: instrumentality, congruence, and cost.
Two-Stage Turbocharger Modeling for Engine Control and Estimation

The increasingly stringent emissions regulations and needs for higher power density for both turbo-diesel passenger vehicle and commercial vehicles have demanded significant alterations to the basic architecture of turbochargers. An attractive option for providing a high-boost system is the use of two-stage turbocharger which consists of two different size turbochargers connected in series that may or may not utilize bypass regulation. The exhaust mass flow is expanded by the high pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine, and on the other side the air flow is compressed through the low pressure compressor to the high pressure compressor. This increases the complexity of the air-charging system and requires new methodologies for modeling and control. A two-stage turbocharger model is presented in this paper. The total efficiency of the two-stage compressor, which poses the biggest problem in two-stage turbocharger modeling, was derived based on a second law analysis. A new parameter, compressor temperature ratio, was introduced as a linkage between the two stage compressors and also used to predict the two-stage compressor outlet temperature. Extrapolation to lower turbocharger speeds and compressor flow rates by using curve fitting methods was also discussed. The model for a two-stage turbine with a bypass valve is derived in the same way. Engine dynamometer tests have been performed to identify the model parameters and to validate the model structure. The test results show a good agreement between the model predictions and test data. In conclusion, this two stage turbocharger model is suitable for turbocharger control design and the estimation of some key turbocharger parameters.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The overlapping roles of the inner ear and lateral line: the active space of dipole source detection.

The problems associated with the detection of sounds and other mechanical disturbances in the aquatic environment differ greatly from those associated with airborne sounds. The differences are primarily due to the incompressibility of water and the corresponding increase in importance of the acoustic near field. The near field, or hydrodynamic field, is characterized by steep spatial gradients in pressure, and detection of the accelerations associated with these gradients is performed by both the inner ear and the lateral line systems of fishes. Acceleration–sensitive otolithic organs are present in all fishes and provide these animals with a form of inertial audition. The detection of pressure gradients, by both the lateral line and inner ear, is the taxonomically most widespread mechanism of sound–source detection amongst vertebrates, and is thus the most likely primitive mode of detecting sound sources. Surprisingly, little is known about the capabilities of either the lateral line or the otolithic endorgan in the detection of vibratory dipole sources. Theoretical considerations for the overlapping roles of the inner ear and lateral line systems in midwater predict that the lateral line will operate over a shorter distance range than the inner ear, although with a much greater spatial resolution. Our empirical results of dipole detection by mottled sculpin, a benthic fish, do not agree with theoretical predictions based on midwater fishes, in that the distance ranges of the two systems appear to be approximately equal. This is almost certainly as a result of physical coupling between the fishes and the substrate. Thus, rather than having a greater active range, the inner ear appears to have a reduced distance range in benthic fishes, and the lateral line distance range may be concomitantly extended.
Measurement Malaise in Strategic Management Studies The Case of Corporate Governance Research

We adopt a construct validity lens to provide a critical reexamination of established corporate governance research. In particular, we focus on the body of work relying on the theoretical bases of ...
Fatal Outcome after Embolotherapy for Hepatic Arteriovenous Malformations of the Liver in Two Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

JVIR 2000; 11:855–858 PATIENTS with hepatic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) present with diverse clinical manifestations ranging from cirrhosis to cholestasis and multiple biliary strictures (1–4). Left-to-right shunting may also lead to abdominal pain, weight loss, high output heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and encephalopathy (5– 12). Therapeutic options reported for symptomatic AVMs include hepatic artery embolization, ligation, or liver transplantation (12–15). Hepatic artery embolization is assumed to be low risk and of benefit based on favorable results seen in the treatment of hepatomas, liver metastases, and hemangiomas (13,16,17). Although embolization is effective in the treatment of pulmonary AVMs in patients with HHT (18), successful implementation of this approach for the more complex HHT liver lesions remains unproven. Several previous reports (including ours) support embolization of HHT-related hepatic AVMs (8–10,12–15,19). However, the utility, morbidity, and mortality of the procedure has not been critically evaluated. We report the deaths of two patients with HHT after hepatic AVM embolization to treat their high flow-related symptoms.
Optimization simulation: the case of multi-stage stochastic decision models

In this paper we present a new approach to solving multi-stage stochastic decision models in the presence of constraints. The models themselves are stochastic linear programs (SLP), but we presume that their deterministic equivalent problems are too large to be solved exactly. We seek an asymptotically optimum solution by simulating the stochastic decomposition (SD) algorithmic process, originally designed for two-stage SLPs. When SD is implemented in a time-staged manner the algorithm begins to take the flavor of a simulation leading to what we refer to as optimization simulation. Among its major advantages, it can work directly with sample paths, and this feature makes the new algorithm much easier to integrate within a simulation. We also overcome certain limitations such as a stage-wise independence assumption required by other sampling-based algorithms for multi-stage stochastic programming. Finally, we also discuss how these methods can be interpreted as close relatives of approximate dynamic programming.
Metal Pillar Interconnection Topology for Bonded Two-Terminal Multijunction III–V Solar Cells

Metal-interconnected multijunction solar cells offer one pathway toward efficiencies in excess of 50%. However, if a 3- or 4-terminal configuration is used, optical losses from the interfacial grid can be considerable. Here, we examine an alternative which provides an optimal interconnection for two-terminal bonded devices. This “pillar-array” topology is optimized by minimizing the sum of all power losses, including shadow losses and numerically computed electrical losses. Numerical modeling is used to illustrate the benefit of a pillar-array interfacial metallization for some 2-terminal configurations.
Identifying outliers in correlated water quality data

Evaluating water quality data for outliers is a good quality control/quality assessment procedure whether the data are used for monitoring or for modeling. Often water quality data are correlated, e.g., carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) has some correlation with N H3 . Univariate methods for identifying outliers do not consider the correlation between variables and may identify too many data points as outliers or miss observations which have extreme ratios between variables, e.g., a raw wastewater sample with relatively low CBOD but high N H3 . Testing for outliers using multivariate methods such as the Mahalanobis distance, Jackknife distance, p -values, or Hadi’s automatically incorporates the correlation or covariance between variables and is fundamentally more correct. Such multivariate methods can better identify potential outliers and avoid eliminating valid data.
Concept of Analog Flexible Fuzzy Control and its Application in Control System of Power Plant

The concept of analog flexible fuzzy control is introduced in this paper. It is applied in the boiler-turbine coordination control system and reheated temperature control system. The practical result shows that this algorithm is easy to be realized in project by applying all sorts of existing algorithms in computer system not depending on special fuzzy control module. This algorithm not only overcomes the large lag and inertia for boiler, but also can heighten the responding rate to AGC in boiler-turbine coordination control system effectively and reheated temperature control characteristic.
Depletion of Alveolar Glycogen Corresponds With Immunohistochemical Development of CD208 Antigen Expression in Perinatal Lamb Lung

CD208 DC lysosomal-associated protein is a marker of activated human dendritic cells; however, recently it was described as a marker of adult type II pneumocytes in many species including humans and sheep. Our hypothesis was that CD208 is developmentally regulated in lung pneumocytes. Lamb lungs at varying stages of development were stained immunohistochemically for CD208 and with Nile red (a fluorescent stain for lamellar bodies of type II cells) along with pulmonary markers of maturation (glycogen stores and surfactant protein A [SP-A] expression) or proliferation (Ki-67). CD208 staining and Nile red were localized to rare pneumocytes in young fetal lambs (day 115), increasing in frequency and stain intensity with age. Periodic acid-Schiff staining of glycogen granules was most prominent in the young lambs (day 115) with reduced staining through advancing lung development. SP-A was detected in pulmonary epithelia and staining in alveoli increased through gestation with decreased staining at 2 weeks of age. Intranuclear Ki-67 staining decreased through late gestation but was increased in 2-week-old lambs. Ontogeny of CD208 staining and depletion of glycogen were correlated (p<0.0001) and consistent with the premise that CD208 is localized to developing lamellar bodies. The findings suggest that CD208 antigen expression may serve as a marker for pneumocyte maturation in the developing fetal lung.
Psychological Aspects of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer presents a range of physical and psychological symptoms during stages of diagnosis, treatment, and survival. Women at risk for ovarian cancer who attend screening programs are vulnerable to high levels of depression and anxiety, particularly young women with poor social support. Multiple physiological stressors of surgical menopause, steroid therapy, and pain present during active treatment that place women at high risk of depression and anxiety during this time. Symptoms of anxiety and depression are also prevalent immediately after chemotherapy and during palliative care. Screening for psychological distress may be useful to identify women who will benefit from psychological counseling. They should be referred to a mental health professional affiliated with the hospital at which they are receiving oncology services. Brief group or individual supportive psychotherapies are effective in relieving psychological distress. Face-to-face psychological intervention should be tailored to the patient's degree of physical mobility. Pain, discomfort, and severe mood symptoms should be addressed pharmacologically, when possible, by a psychiatric consultant knowledgeable in oncology psychiatry. Survivors experience chronic fear of recurrence, sexual dysfunction, and identity disturbance. Reports that ovarian cancer can result in positive life changes, such as closer interpersonal relationships, are encouraging and may provide hope to patients who become despairing about the future.
IS FLORAL SPECIALIZATION AN EVOLUTIONARY DEAD-END? POLLINATION SYSTEM TRANSITIONS IN RUELLIA (ACANTHACEAE)

Pollination systems frequently reflect adaptations to particular groups of pollinators. Such systems are indicative of evolutionary specialization and have been important in angiosperm diversification. We studied the evolution of pollination systems in the large genus Ruellia. Phylogenetic analyses, morphological ordinations, ancestral state reconstructions, and a character mapping simulation were conducted to reveal key patterns in the direction and lability of floral characters associated with pollination. We found significant floral morphological differences among species that were generally associated with different groups of floral visitors. Floral evolution has been highly labile and also directional. Some specialized systems such as hawkmoth or bat pollination are likely evolutionary dead-ends. In contrast, specialized pollination by hummingbirds is clearly not a dead-end. We found evidence for multiple reverse transitions from presumed ancestral hummingbird pollination to more derived bee or insect pollination. These repeated origins of insect pollination from hummingbird-pollinated ancestors have not evolved without historical baggage. Flowers of insect-pollinated species derived from hummingbird-pollinated ancestors are morphologically more similar to hummingbird flowers than they are to other more distantly related insect-pollinated flowers. Finally, some pollinator switches were concomitant with changes in floral morphology that are associated with those pollinators. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that some transitions have been adaptive in the evolution of Ruellia.
TH-C-202-03: The Use of Novel Radiotracers in PET - Potential Applications for Dose Painting

The aim of this presentation will be discuss the potential of PET imaging methods to define the biological characteristics of tumors. The talk will cover radiotracers whose selectively are based on tumor metabolism (FDG) hypoxia (FMISO) cellularproliferation (FLT) and finally specific tumor receptor (radiolabeled hormones and antibodies). The clinical acquisition protocols will be discussed with regards to single time point static imaging versus dynamic PET imaging strategies. Such images can provide useful supplemental data which when combined with the anatomical definition of the tumor may provide the basis for further treatment optimization. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the mechanism by different radiotracers are entrapped by cancer cells. 2. Understand how PET images can be acquired and provide information useful to determine the radiobiology of the cancer. 3. Understand how to obtain and process dynamic imagedata sets and how they relate to single static time point imaging.
Solid Freeform Fabrication using Alumina-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Gel-Casting Suspensions

Solid freeform fabrication of aqueous alumina (Al 2 O 3 )-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gelcasting suspensions was carried out using a computer-controlled extrusion apparatus fitted with a two-nozzle delivery system. The impact of casting parameters (e.g., tip diameter, mixing rate, etc.) and suspension composition on line resolution/uniformity, printability, and as-cast component properties was probed using laser profilometry and optical microscopy. Line uniformity depended on mixing rate ( R mix ) and tip diameter ( t d ) for the chamber and paddle geometry utilized. These data were used to establish processing maps that identify optimal print conditions for varying suspension composition.
Streamer dynamics in gases containing dust particles

Atmospheric pressure plasmas, and streamers in particular, sustained in air often encounter dust or aerosol particles having sizes of a few to tens of micrometres. The dynamics of streamers intersecting such particles are of interest due to their possible use for functionalizing the surfaces of the particles. Using a 2-dimensional plasma hydrodynamics model having an unstructured mesh, the consequences of dust particles on streamer dynamics were investigated while varying the particle size, shape and material properties. We found that while small dielectric particles (< tens of micrometres) are enveloped by the streamer, larger particles can intercept and reinitiate streamers. By increasing the permittivity and capacitance of the particles, streamer interception and re-initiation may also occur on smaller particles. The presence of multiple particles in the path of a streamer can increase the speed of the avalanche front due to synergistic polarization of the particles.
The experimental SAW propagation characteristics of LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ with free and metallized surfaces

The SAW propagation properties of 41/spl deg/ and 64/spl deg/ Y-X LiNbO/sub 3/, and 36/spl deg/ Y-X LiTaO/sub 3/ have been characterized experimentally with and without a shorting surface in the propagation path. The experiments were carried out over a frequency region from 40 MHz to above 1.0 GHz with pairs of interdigital transducer electrodes with a 100 nm film of aluminum present or absent between adjacent IDTs. The presence of the different modes and their characteristic velocities are in good agreement with theoretically predicted values. The propagation loss for the PSAW and HVPSAW modes behaved in a different fashion depending upon the presence or absence of the shorting surface. As predicted, the PSAW mode loss is lower for the free surface of the 41/spl deg/ LiNbO/sub 3/ and lower for the metallized surface on the 64/spl deg/ LiNTbO/sub 3/. The propagation loss for the 36/spl deg/ LiTaO/sub 3/ was higher for the metallized surface which is not anticipated from theoretical considerations. The PSAW loss for the 36/spl deg/ LiTaO/sub 3/ displayed a strong reduction in dB/cm propagation loss above 1.0 GHz for the metallized surface.
Transplasma membrane electron transport in relation to cell growth and iron uptake

Abstract Cells have a transplasmalemma electron transport system which can transfer electrons across the plasma membrane from cytosolic reductants, NADH or NADPH, to external oxidants, such as iron compounds or impermeable dyes. This electron transport has been shown to control cell growth, ion and iron transport, and membrane potential. Natural electron acceptors can be oxygen, semidehydroascorbate or iron chelates. For carrot cells, growth control is limited to external oxidants with a redox potential over 0 millivolts. Ferric pyrophosphate with a redox potential below 0 mV cannot be reduced and has no effect on growth. The reduction of semidehydroascorbate and high potential artificial acceptors is controlled by hormones and is accompanied by proton release. The high potential external redox site may be part of a growth control system and also act as an iron reduction site, whereas low potential iron chelates are not reduced except in the presence of high affinity ferrous chelators.
Importance of Middle School Mathematics on High School Students' Mathematics Achievement

The authors explored the consequences of middle school mathematics course taking, a measure of opportunity to learn, disparity in students' high school mathematics achievement, and achievement growth. Using 4-year longitudinal data from an ethnically and linguistically diverse district, they applied a 3-level hierarchical linear growth model to address potential inequity in course taking and its consequences. The results indicate that course-taking patterns, even when controlling for prior achievement, play a prominent role in identifying performance differences. The distribution of mathematics course taking among various subgroups not only differed in Grade 8 but also became increasingly inequitable by Grade 11.
Genome-wide RNAi analysis of JAK/STAT signaling components in Drosophila

The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway plays an important role in the control of a wide variety of biological processes. When misregulated, JAK/STAT signaling is associated with various human diseases, such as immune disorders and tumorigenesis. To gain insights into the mechanisms by which JAK/STAT signaling participates in these diverse biological responses, we carried out a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in cultured Drosophila cells. We identified 121 genes whose double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated knockdowns affected STAT92E activity. Of the 29 positive regulators, 13 are required for the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT92E. Furthermore, we found that the Drosophila homologs of RanBP3 and RanBP10 are negative regulators of JAK/STAT signaling through their control of nucleocytoplasmic transport of STAT92E. In addition, we identified a key negative regulator of Drosophila JAK/STAT signaling, protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP61F, and showed tha ti t is a transcriptional target of JAK/STAT signaling, thus revealing a novel negative feedback loop. Our study has uncovered many uncharacterized genes required for different steps of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
On generating efficient procedural codes from Prolog linear recursive programs with a list structure

The authors present an algorithm for transforming a linear recursive program with a list constructor in Prolog, whose rules are mutually exclusive to each other, into an iterative program using a while loop without backtracking and unification. In this algorithm the authors decide whether a given program is mutually exclusive or not by a procedure which uses functional dependencies supplied by the user. Once it is determined to be a mutually exclusive program, the authors compile the given program into Pascal-like code which executes in order n-squared rather than traversing a whole tree as the usual Prolog interpreter does. The unification process is transformed into a set of assignments and conditional statements by analyzing the variables of the rules in the program. Backtracking is completely removed from execution. >
Workforce Diversity in a Research and Development Environment-A Model that Works

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Engineering Directorate is in the third year of a diversity process that has changed the culture of the organization in many ways. This work outlines progress toward realizing the LLNL Engineering Diversity Model. Currently recommendations are being implemented that have been formulated through a problem resolution process, described in this work, in which employees helped identify problems, recommend solutions, and work with managers in focus groups. The process of arriving at the recommendations and the lessons learned through the problem resolution process are discussed. Ongoing actions, short-term goals, and long-term goals of the program are described.
Chromium(0) Nanoparticles as Effective Catalyst for the Conversion of Glucose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

It's nano: Small and uniform chromium nanoparticles, either preformed or generated in situ, effectively catalyze the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethyl furfural. The results compare favorably with those achieved by using a catalyst system based on divalent CrCl(2) in ionic liquids (ILs). In addition, the chromium nanoparticles are found in the CrCl(2)/IL system, and the implications of their presence in that system is investigated.
CONSEQUENCES OF DOMINANCE-MEDIATED HABITAT SEGREGATION IN AMERICAN REDSTARTS DURING THE NONBREEDING SEASON

Abstract Several species of migratory songbirds exhibit a distinct form of habitat segregation while on their Neotropical wintering grounds in which males and females occupy different habitat types. In the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), that sexual habitat segregation is a result of behavioral dominance of older males. In that study, we examined whether such dominance behavior and the resulting differential habitat segregation has consequences for the condition or survival of excluded individuals. We quantified the physical condition and survival of redstarts (both males and females) occupying two habitat types that differed in the proportion of males and females present in Jamaica. Both sexes of redstarts occupying female-biased habitat lost significantly more mass over-winter and had lower annual survival and longevity compared to individuals in male-biased habitat. These results suggest that nonbreeding habitats differed in suitability, with the least suitable habitat being occupied predomina...
OSM: an evolutionary system of systems framework for modeling and simulation

In this paper, we propose a novel Orchestrated Simulation through Modeling (OSM) framework that allows output visualizations and Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) modeling and simulation (M&S) frames to be developed separately as plug-ins and combined to form a complete system. Independently developed plug-ins can be added and removed as desired to dramatically change the system. This design allows input plug-ins (model, experimental), execution plug-ins (simulator), and output plug-ins to be developed separately and pieced together to form a unique system while allowing development to be compartmentalized. With the OSM framework, an evolutionary system of systems can be intelligently created by a community. Each community member only needs to fully understand the pieces they personally develop. The performance and scalability of our proposed OSM framework is discussed in an evolutionary system of systems domain pointing to its efficiency and usability.
Temporal Separation of Flight Time of Two Sympatric Malacosoma Species

Malacosoma americanum (F.) and M. disstria Hubner were collected by black-light traps in eastern West Virginia in 1988–1990. Ten locations were sampled in 1988 and 1989 and 27 locations in 1990. Traps were operated at each location for 0.5-h intervals centered at 2100,2300,0100,0300, and 0500 hours. Factorial analyses of variance were performed on the quantity of each species collected in each time interval. Peak flight time for M. americanum occurred at 2300 and 0100 hours whereas most M. disstria flew during 0300 and 0500 hours. Flight activity of M. americanum was unrelated to the presence of M. disstria . However, M. disstria flew significantly later at night, and was less abundant when M. americanum was present. Other research suggests that species within Malacosoma use similar sex pheromones. Separate flight activities of these species may help reduce interspecific pheromone attraction and aid the reproductive isolation of these species.
Bumpless Automatic Transfer for a Switched-Doubly-Fed-Machine Propulsion Drive

Variable-speed drives (VSDs) combined with doubly-fed machines (DFMs) offer interesting flexibility for power electronic drive design. These also provide opportunities for controlling interactions with an ac grid. Design options are most versatile for the VSD DFM when the machine stator can be operated from an ac or a dc source, selected as appropriate. This paper presents a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)-based transfer switch that can connect the stator of the DFM either to an ac source or a dc source “on-the-fly.” Current commutations of the SCRs and a “bumpless” transition in shaft behavior are both controlled from the rotor. Experimental results demonstrate wide-speed-range and four-quadrant operation of the drive achieved with a rotor converter rating that is one third of the DFM power rating.
The preparation of empty liposomes

ObjectiveTo prepare the empty liposomes with even particle size. MethodsUsing rotation evaporation ultrasound method to prepare nano-liposomes. ResultsThe nano-liposome were round and distributed even. Their average grain size is (159.45±13.25) nm. After one month of store in refrigerator, the nano-liposome were still stable. ConclusionUsing rotation evaporation ultrasound method can prepare the empty liposomes with even particle size.
Effect of a shorter clerkship on third-year obstetrics and gynecology final examination scores

OBJECTIVE To determine if either a shorter third-year obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) student clerkship or the semester of rotation results in differences in a student's objective or subjective performance. STUDY DESIGN Five hundred twenty-one students from 1995-1998 (8-week clerkship) and 112 students from 1998-1999 (6 weeks) in their third year of medical school were included. Final examination scores, subjective assessments for the Ob/Gyn clerkship, final grades and United States Medical Licensure Examination (USMLE) Step 1 scores were obtained (first attempts only). Student t tests, chi2 and univariate analysis (using USMLE Step 1 scores as a control) were used (P <. 05) to compare the Ob/Gyn clerkship scores/grades by both clerkship length and semester of rotation. RESULTS The 8-week and 6-week clerkship mean final examination scores were 69.5 and 69.7, respectively; the USMLE Step 1 scores were 205.1 and 215.1, respectively (P < .001). After univariate analysis, lower examination scores were seen for students clerking on the 6-week rotation (P < .001) as well as for those clerking in the first semester (first semester, 68.1; second, 71.3; P < .001). Based upon these results, the 8-week clerkship scores were calculated to be approximately 3.4 points higher than those of the 6-week clerkship, potentially lowering the final grades of 15.2% of the 6-week students. No significant differences were seen with the comparisons of a student's subjective assessments. CONCLUSION A shorter third-year Ob/Gyn student clerkship appears to lower Ob/Gyn final examination scores. Lower examination scores are also seen for students with a first-semester clerkship. These lower scores could lead to lower final grades.
The new national cancer institute national clinical trials network.

Overview:The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cooperative Group Program has been reviewed by three published studies in the last 7 years evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of this national ...
Ensuring health security: is the individual market ready for prime time?

ABSTRACT: Proposals to expand coverage of the uninsured through federal tax credits rely heavily on the individual insurance market. Yet the current market makes coverage less accessible, less affo...
Relationship of Abnormal Chromatographic Pattern for Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin with Severe Liver Disease.

Aims Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a validated test for chronic heavy alcohol drinking, but CDT abnormalities have been associated with liver disease, limiting its use in these patients. We report here on the association between poor chromatographic resolution of disialotransferrin from trisialotransferrin (the so-called ‘di–tri bridging’) and liver disease severity and etiology. Methods Subjects were patients in whom detailed clinical data, including histology results, were available on their existing liver diseases ( n =139). Percent disialo-CDT (%dCDT) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the risks for di–tri bridging associated with cirrhosis, with and without adjustment for alcohol use and alcohol-related liver disease, were estimated. Results Di–tri bridging was present in 22/73 (30%) cirrhotic subjects and 7/66 (11%) non-cirrhotic subjects. The unadjusted risk for di–tri bridging in cirrhotics relative to non-cirrhotics was 3.6 (95% confidence interval 1.4–9.2). Adjustment for alcohol-related liver disease and current drinking had little effect on this estimate (adjusted odds ratio 3.4), and neither alcohol-related liver disease nor current drinking were independently associated with di–tri bridging after accounting for the effect of cirrhosis. Conclusions The presence of di–tri bridging was associated with cirrhosis in individuals with both alcohol-related and non-alcoholic liver disease, although most cirrhotic subjects did not exhibit di–tri bridging. When di–tri bridging is seen in individuals being tested for chronic heavy drinking, investigation for cirrhosis should be considered. Short summary There are known liver-disease-associated abnormalities in CDT. In this study, we found that such abnormalities were strongly associated with cirrhosis rather than less-advanced disease, but were only clinically evident in 30% of cirrhotics. Abnormalities also occurred in severe hepatitis without cirrhosis and were not specific for liver disease etiology.
Characteristics and significance of doublets on needle EMG.

Introduction Voluntary doublets are electrophysiological phenomena thought to be associated with metabolic derangements or neuromuscular conditions. Methods We prospectively studied 232 consecutive patients examined by a single examiner during routine electromyography (EMG) to determine the frequency of doublets in individual patients, specific muscles, neuromuscular conditions, electrolyte levels, and doublet characteristics. Results Of 232 patients, 25 (10.7%) exhibited doublets. The mean age was 59 (52% men). Only 32 of 1,303 (2.5%) muscles exhibited doublets. Lower extremity and paraspinal groups represented 91% of muscles with doublets. Doublet frequency grouped by EMG diagnoses was: ALS (3 of 11; 27.1%), myopathy (3 of 10; 30.0%), axonal polyneuropathy (7 of 29; 24.1%), and no disease (7 of 109; 6.4%). There were no differences in serum electrolytes between doublet and matched subjects. Conclusions Doublets occur in approximately 10% of patients, more commonly in lower extremity and paraspinal muscles, and are not correlated with a specific metabolic abnormality or neuromuscular condition. Muscle Nerve 55: 598–600, 2017
Tobacco-Cessation Interventions and Attributes of Individual and Organizational Excellence in Acute Care

BACKGROUND Despite years of reducing tobacco use, few studies describe to what extent evidence-based tobacco-cessation interventions are a standard of acute and critical care nursing practice using the US Public Health Service 5 A's framework: ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange. OBJECTIVES To identify relationships between the 5 A's framework, attributes of individual and organizational excellence, and intention to integrate tobacco-cessation interventions as a standard of daily practice among nurses. METHODS Nurses attending the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses National Teaching Institute were invited to complete a 21-item survey. Data were gathered in Boston, Orlando, and Chicago in a 3-year period. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS Among 1773 completed surveys, nurses from organizations with standing orders for tobacco dependence were 5 times more likely to have high confidence in their 5 A's skills (odds ratio, 5.037; 95% CI, 3.429-7.400; P < .001) and 3.4 times more likely to have high intentions to integrate tobacco cessation into their daily practice (odds ratio, 3.421; 95% CI, 1.765-6.628; P < .001). Nurses with certifications were more likely to want to learn how to integrate tobacco-cessation interventions (odds ratio, 1.676; 95% CI, 0.990-2.836; P = .05). CONCLUSIONS Opportunities abound to create strategies leveraging attributes of nursing and organizational excellence to promote evidence-based approaches to improve health outcomes in acutely and critically ill tobacco-dependent populations.
Tibenuk and Chuji: Status Attainment and Collective Action in Egalitarian Settings

This research outlines the strategy by which a Western Dani individual seeks and obtains big man status . This work also documents how an Achuar (Shiwiar ) man uses his elevated social status to assertively and effectively coordinate collective action in a time of crisis. The findings of this investigation support the “Status Theory of Collective Action” (Willer in American Sociological Review 74(1):23–43, 2009) which contends that status allocation motivates individuals to solve collective action problems.
New Evanioid Wasps from the Cenomanian of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Othniodellithidae, Aulacidae), with a Summary of Family-Group Names Among Evanioidea

ABSTRACT Three new evanioid wasps (Euhymenoptera: Evanioidea) are described and figured from individuals preserved in mid-Cretaceous (earliest Cenomanian) amber from northern Myanmar. The new species represent the families Othniodellithidae and Aulacidae, both previously recorded from Burmese amber. Xenodellitha preta, new genus and species, is the second othniodellithid wasp and the diagnosis of the family is slightly emended in order to accommodate this species. The subfamily Hyptiogastritinae (Aulacidae) is expanded to include Protofoenus Cockerell and a third genus from Burmese amber. Archeofoenus tartaricus, new genus and species, is the third known species of the extinct aulacid subfamily Hyptiogastritinae, differing from Hyptiogastrites electrinus Cockerell in the low position of the discal cell and the open subdiscal cell in the forewing, and from Protofoenus swinhoei Cockerell in the form of the head and mandible, coloration, and forewing venational details. Together, Archeofoenus and Protofoenus...
Effect Of Implantation Temperature On Damage Accumulation In Ar - Implanted GaN

A systematic investigation of damage accumulation in GaN films induced by Ar+ as a function of implantation temperature and dose rate has been conducted. Depth distribution of disorder was measured by Rutherford Backscattering/Channeling spectrometry. Two disordered regions were identified in the damage depth distribution: a surface peak and a bulk damage peak. These regions exhibited different behavior as a function of implantation temperature. The displaced atomic density in the bulk damage peak displayed a “reverse annealing” behavior in temperature range from 500°C to 700°C, which we attributed to formation of characteristic secondary defects. The influence of implantation temperature and dose rate on the radiation damage accumulation is discussed.
Viscous hydrodynamic predictions for nuclear collisions at the LHC.

Hydrodynamic simulations are used to make predictions for the integrated elliptic flow coefficient ${v}_{2}$ in $\sqrt{s}=5.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ lead-lead and $\sqrt{s}=14\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-proton collisions at the LHC. We predict a 10% increase in ${v}_{2}$ from RHIC to $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ at LHC, and ${v}_{2}\ensuremath{\sim}0$ in $p+p$ collisions unless $\ensuremath{\eta}/sl0.08$.
Gas bubble size estimation in peat soils from EM wave scattering observed with ground penetrating radar

The size of biogenic gas bubbles in peatlands is believed to regulate ebullition of carbon gases to the atmosphere. The measurement of electromagnetic (EM) wave travel times using ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a proven field-scale method for indirect estimation of volumetric gas content. However, there is also the possibility that information on the size of the gas bubbles can be determined from the analysis of the spectral content of GPR signals as scattering attenuation possesses a frequency dependence for bubbles smaller than the EM wavelength (Rayleigh-type scattering). Theoretical modeling shows that GPR data acquired with typical antenna frequencies are likely to be affected by bubble size in peat soils. Analysis of GPR data from two recent studies on peat monoliths where biogenic gas production was documented produced results consistent with the model predictions. Using the approach, zero offset cross-borehole GPR data in a northern peatland suggest that large bubble clusters (i.e., 0.05 m radius) occur in peat. These findings broaden the utility of GPR for providing information on biogenic gas dynamics in peatlands.
Diverse Characteristics of U.S. Summer Heat Waves

AbstractHeat waves are climate extremes having significant environmental and social impacts. However, there is no universally accepted definition of a heat wave. The major goal of this study is to compare characteristics of continental U.S. warm season (May–September) heat waves defined using four different variables—temperature itself and three variables incorporating atmospheric moisture—all for differing intensity and duration requirements. To normalize across different locations and climates, daily intensity is defined using percentiles computed over the 1979–2013 period. The primary data source is the U.S. Historical Climatological Network (USHCN), with humidity data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) also tested and utilized. The results indicate that heat waves defined using daily maximum temperatures are more frequent and persistent than when based on minimum temperatures, with substantial regional variations in behavior. For all four temperature variables, heat waves based on dail...