cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Candida albicans septin mutants are defective for invasive growth and virulence.

Hyphal growth of Candida albicans is implicated as an important virulence factor for this opportunistic human pathogen. Septin proteins, a family of cytoskeletal elements that regulate membrane events and are important for proper morphogenesis of C. albicans, were examined for their role in tissue invasion and virulence in the mouse model of systemic infection. In vitro, septin mutants are only mildly defective for hyphal growth in liquid culture but display pronounced defects for invasive growth into agar. In vivo, the septin mutants were found to exhibit attenuated virulence. However, mice infected with the mutants displayed high fungal burdens in their kidneys without obvious symptoms of disease. Histological examination of infected kidneys revealed defects in organ invasion for the cdc10Δ and cdc11Δ deletion mutants, which displayed both reduced tissue penetration and noninvasive fungal masses. Thus, the septin proteins are necessary for invasive growth, which appears to be more important to the successful pathogenesis of C. albicans than hyphal growth alone.
Threshold for Lens Damage During Q switched Nd:YAG Laser Iridectomy: A Study of Rhesus Monkey Eyes

Abstract Clinical and pathologic examinations were performed after 18 iridectomies had been created in six eyes of three rhesus monkeys using increasing 0-switched neodymium (Nd):YAG laser energy, pulses per burst, and number of bursts. Treatment parameters bracketed the threshold for lens damage during iridectomy. Iridectomy with one or two bursts of one or two Qswitched pulses at 5 to 6.2 mJ per pulse was achieved without lens damage. Slight increase of pulse energy or an increase to three pulses per burst (without pulse energy increase) caused local damage to the underlying lens. Marked increase of any of the treatment parameters caused slightly larger iridectomies and slightly larger, localized damage of the underlying lens. Synechiae developed between the monkey posterior iris surface at the iridectomy and the damaged area in 80% of the lens lesions. In monkeys, the small pulsed laser iridectomies created with pulses of energies up to 6.5 mJ became occluded during the healing process.
Calcineurin signaling and PGC-1α expression are suppressed during muscle atrophy due to diabetes

PGC-1alpha is a transcriptional coactivator that controls energy homeostasis through regulation of glucose and oxidative metabolism. Both PGC-1alpha expression and oxidative capacity are decreased in skeletal muscle of patients and animals undergoing atrophy, suggesting that PGC-1alpha participates in the regulation of muscle mass. PGC-1alpha gene expression is controlled by calcium- and cAMP-sensitive pathways. However, the mechanism regulating PGC-1alpha in skeletal muscle during atrophy remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the mechanism responsible for decreased PGC-1alpha expression using a rodent streptozotocin (STZ) model of chronic diabetes and atrophy. After 21days, the levels of PGC-1alpha protein and mRNA were decreased. We examined the activation state of CREB, a potent activator of PGC-1alpha transcription, and found that phospho-CREB was paradoxically high in muscle of STZ-rats, suggesting that the cAMP pathway was not involved in PGC-1alpha regulation. In contrast, expression of calcineurin (Cn), a calcium-dependent phosphatase, was suppressed in the same muscles. PGC-1alpha expression is regulated by two Cn substrates, MEF2 and NFATc. Therefore, we examined MEF2 and NFATc activity in muscles from STZ-rats. Target genes MRF4 and MCIP1.4 mRNAs were both significantly reduced, consistent with reduced Cn signaling. Moreover, levels of MRF4, MCIP1.4, and PGC-1alpha were also decreased in muscles of CnAalpha-/- and CnAbeta-/- mice without diabetes indicating that decreased Cn signaling, rather than changes in other calcium- or cAMP-sensitive pathways, were responsible for decreased PGC-1alpha expression. These findings demonstrate that Cn activity is a major determinant of PGC-1alpha expression in skeletal muscle during diabetes and possibly other conditions associated with loss of muscle mass.
A modular Phase I study of lenalidomide and paclitaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following prior taxane therapy.

Purpose Lenalidomide, a highly potent immunomodulatory derivative of thalidomide, potentiates the action of paclitaxel in vitro against prostate cancer cell lines in co-culture with mononuclear cells. A modular Phase I study of lenalidomide and paclitaxel in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was conducted to assess PSA kinetics with lead-in lenalidomide and the feasibility of the combination.
Quantum confinement effects on the surface enhanced Raman spectra of hybrid systems molecule‐TiO2 nanoparticles

The role of quantum confinement, size, and solvent effects on the surface enhanced Raman spectra of biologically important molecules absorbed on semiconducting titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is investigated using density functional calculations. The results obtained for both the gas phase and solvated systems indicate significant changes in the electronic structure and the Raman spectra of molecules like formic acid and dopamine, when they are adsorbed on small TiO2 nanoparticles. A number of distinctive features that are determined by the formation of a charge-transfer complex at the nanoparticle-molecule interface can be noted in the Raman spectra. Both the spectra and the electronic properties are strongly size dependent and are also sensitive to the presence of the solvent and the nature of adsorbate interaction. Although these calculations reinforce recent experimental findings on the role of quantum confinement, they also pose new questions about the extension of collective effects and the effect of pH and other environmental variables. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Fibromatosis involving the epidural space.

We present a case of fibromatosis involving the epidural space that resulted in symptoms of spinal cord compression
Influence of dietary cupric sulfate on the response of young turkeys to penicillin-streptomycin (1:3).

Abstract COPPER was recognized as an important nutrient, along with iron, in normal red blood cell formation in rats by Hart et al. (1928). Hart et al. (1929) and Elvehjem and Hart (1929) extended these findings to chicks. For many years, the addition of cupric sulfate (copper sulfate or bluestone) to poultry diets has been a common practice. Poultry and swine producers have fed high levels of copper for various reasons. Barber et al. (1955) reported as much growth improvement in pigs receiving 250 parts per million (p.p.m.) of copper from cupric sulfate, as when 4.5 mg. of aureomycin per pound was added to the ration. Wallace (1968) summarized much of the research concerning the feeding of copper to swine. He concluded that feeding high levels of copper would stimulate a beneficial response in daily gain and feed conversions. Levels of copper from 100 to 375 p.p.m. appeared to give the…
Common scaling laws for city highway systems and the mammalian neocortex

A variety of scaling laws are known for the mammalian neocortex relating gray matter volume, total number of synapses [1, 2], white matter volume [3–9], number of neurons [6, 10–12], surface area [4, 5, 13–16], axon caliber [1, 17], and number of cortical areas or compartments [18]. These neocortical scaling laws appear to be a consequence of selection pressure for a sheet-like structure (namely, gray matter) to economically maintain a high level of interconnectedness [1, 2, 19, 20]. We might therefore expect to find similar scaling laws for any sheetlike structure under similar selection pressures, in which case the neocortex would be just an instance of a more general kind of structure. Here, we investigate city highway systems as a potential kind of network which may be driven by similar principles as the neocortex. In contrast to neurons, which are conduits for information-related signals on which brain computations rely, highways are conduits for physical materials and people. But from the perspective of the city as a whole, the materials and people that highways transport are crucial to the large-scale function carried out by the city, and are, in a sense, signals—that one signal is electric and the other physical may not matter in regards to the fundamental principles governing them. In addition to the prima facie analogy between city highway networks and the brain’s neural connections, there are several other reasons we chose to examine city highway networks. First, the organization of city highway networks tends to be driven by political and economic forces over decades, rather than being planned in advanced following known principles of highway engineering [21]—i.e., city highways systems are a result of an evolution-like mechanism. Second, cities are under selection pressure to efficiently interconnect via highways and roads. Third, because cities lie on the land they are approximately a surface, or a sheet. Fourth, highway network data are readily available (and our data set consists of 60 U.S. cities varying in population from 10 to nearly 10, see Table 2 for raw data). Finally, the organization of city highway systems is interesting in and of itself: nearly half of Earth’s 6.6 billion people now live in cities, and cities are becoming ever larger and densely populated. The proper functioning of a city requires that people and materials be quickly moved throughout it. This is a very difficult design problem, one that is magnified by the fact that city population tends to grow much faster than city surface area, and cities tend to increase in population over time, so that the efficient highway network must constantly evolve from the pre-existing one. Identification of scaling laws governing how highway organization scales with city size could potentially lead to better highway systems, and more efficiently running cities. MARK A. CHANGIZI AND MARC DESTEFANO
MiR-125b Is Critical for Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition and Cardiac Fibrosis.

Background—Cardiac fibrosis is the pathological consequence of stress-induced fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. MicroRNAs have been shown to play a central role i...
Antioxidants from Slow Pyrolysis Bio-Oil of Birch Wood: Application for Biodiesel and Biobased Lubricants

Birch wood was slowly pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil and biochar. Slow pyrolysis conditions including reaction temperature, residence time, and particle size of the feed were optimized to maximize bio-oil yield. Particle size had an insignificant effect, whereas yields of up to 56% were achieved using an optimized reaction temperature of 450 °C and a residence time of 2 h. Bio-oil was also produced from commercial Kraft lignin and was compared to the bio-oil obtained from birch wood. These bio-oils were characterized for elemental composition, phenolic compound identification using GC-MS, boiling point distribution using GC-FID, and molecular weight distribution using GPC. Simulated distillation indicated that a majority of the bio-oil compounds were found in the fraction between 200 and 300 °C, followed by fractions <200 °C and 300–400 °C. Phenolic fractions extracted from bio-oil using an alkali method were evaluated as antioxidant additives in soy biodiesel using Mihaljevic, Rancimat and PDSC test method...
Political Economy, Sustainable Development, and Welfare Policy

The goal of this investigation is to argue for a needed and timely discussion on the possible merits of rethinking the application of diverse perspectives on political economy. This is appropriate given the current economic crisis faced by the United States, and for that matter, the global community. Revisiting these arguments, may lead to a dialogue that promotes, arguably, an economic theory and policy that may better suit the twenty-first century. The outcome of this dialogue could potentially provide insights into policies that could lead to a more efficient, effective, and equitable market economy in the United States. All of this assumes that there is some consensus that the current economic affairs in the United States is indeed in crisis and that efficiency, effectiveness and equity are desirable goals for a market system. Or, would the market system need to be substantially transformed in order to promote greater efficiency, effectiveness, and equity?
Pyrrolidones as Penetration Enhancers

Pyrrolidines are not widely researched in the recent years as percutaneous penetration enhancers. The toxicity and skin irritancy of these enhancers may be the reason that these enhancers are not studied further. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and its combination with other solvents such as isopropyl myristate (IPM) are researched in recent years for their synergistic enhancements in the percutaneous absorption of drugs. Pyrrolidones act as penetration enhancers due to their effects on the intercellular lipid bilayers in the stratum corneum. These enhancers penetrate into this region in such amounts that they alter the solubilizing ability of this site, thereby promoting drug partition into the skin. NMP is also known to form hydrogen bonds with basic drugs and cotransport the penetrant across the skin.
On Assessing Appropriateness of Normative Model Formulation

This paper considers the formulation of normative models that explore long term pathways into uncharted territory. As we cannot observe this territory by definition, much data for confirming such a model’s structure and parameterisation is absent. A prime example of such models are Integrated Assessment Models used in climate change research. This work attempts to make progress by distinguishing between model aspects that can be evaluated objectively or subjectively. Two propositions are demonstrated to allow objective evaluation, one based on the relevancy of relative model detail, the other on the alignment of the model’s structure with the question asked. Guidance is also provided for that majority of cases where the conditions of the propositions do not directly apply. Example applications are shown to make the concepts more tangible.
Resource Requirements Planning for Hospitals Treating Serious Infectious Disease Cases

This report presents a mathematical model of the way in which a hospital uses a variety of resources, utilities and consumables to provide care to a set of in-patients, and how that hospital might adapt to provide treatment to a few patients with a serious infectious disease, like the Ebola virus. The intended purpose of the model is to support requirements planning studies, so that hospitals may be better prepared for situations that are likely to strain their available resources. The current model is a prototype designed to present the basic structural elements of a requirements planning analysis. Some simple illustrati ve experiments establish the mo del's general capabilities. With additional inve stment in model enhancement a nd calibration, this prototype could be developed into a useful planning tool for ho spital administrators and health care policy makers.
Sequencing human mitochondrial hypervariable region II as a molecular fingerprint for environmental waters.

To protect environmental water from human fecal contamination, authorities must be able to unambiguously identify the source of the contamination. Current identification methods focus on tracking fecal bacteria associated with the human gut, but many of these bacterial indicators also thrive in the environment and in other mammalian hosts. Mitochondrial DNA could solve this problem by serving as a human-specific marker for fecal contamination. Here we show that the human mitochondrial hypervariable region II can function as a molecular fingerprint for human contamination in an urban watershed impacted by combined sewer overflows. We present high-throughput sequencing analysis of hypervariable region II for spatial resolution of the contaminated sites and assessment of the population diversity of the impacting regions. We propose that human mitochondrial DNA from public waste streams may serve as a tool for identifying waste sources definitively, analyzing population diversity, and conducting other anthrop...
Hybrid Solar Desalination to Produce Fresh Water, Electrical Power With Energy Storage

The numerical analysis of solar desalination processes in a unique tray was extended to include an RED device to produce electricity either during operation or using the stored concentrated salt mixture. The motivation for this using device was based on an exergy analysis and the second law efficiency. Previous analysis illustrated how the exergy analysis could be used to identify the irreversibilities in the system and indicated modifications to increase the performance of the tray design desalinator for the sensible energy content of the discharge. The exergy related to the higher concentration level of the discharge is now investigated for a RED device. These analyses are extended to investigate the potential of using the higher salinity of the out flowing brine to produce electrical energy by using the reversed electrodialysis (RED) process. The RED process which converts 70–80% of the change in Gibbs energy to electricity uses the concentrated brine to produce electrical power while the freshwater is being produced. The analysis demonstrates it is possible to produce a maximum electrical output of 0.32 kJ/kg for the expected concentration differences. Using the predicted mass flow over the day of 6 kg/(day m2) it is expected that one could produce approximately 1.9 kJ/(day m2) of electricity in addition to the freshwater production.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Atomistic Numerical Approach to Ion Evaporation from a Tungsten Surface for Electrospray Thrusters

A preliminary numerical study for electrospray thrusters is carried out including the interaction between solid tungsten and the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMI-BF4). Classical molecular dynamics is used to investigate the behavior of a nano-droplet of EMI-BF4 on a tungsten plate. The diameter of the droplets are approximately 1 and 2 nm, which includes 8 and 27 EMI-BF4 molecules, for a total of 192 and 648 atoms. As for the tungsten plate, the thickness and the diameter are approximately 1 nm and 7 nm, respectively. Following the equilibration of the tungsten-ionic liquid system, a strong electric field is applied in two ways: by assuming a constant and uniformly distributed electric field and by assigning charges to the tungsten atoms, thus simulating a surface charge distribution. Ion emission is observed from the liquid in both cases.
374 CORRELATION BETWEEN RENAL INSUFFICIENCY AND WHITE MATTER HYPERDENSITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED RETROSPECTIVE CHART REVIEW.

Background Renovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease are among the top 10 causes of death in elderly people. Measures of GFR correlate with kidney disease, whereas white matter hyperdensities (WMHs) correlate with cerebrovascular disease. Little is published describing the occurrence and severity of these together. We hypothesize that both renovascular and cerebrovascular conditions share a common origin and the presence of one predicts the presence of the other, both in terms of occurrence and severity. Methods We conducted a randomized retrospective chart review of inpatients aged 60 to 70 years in a tertiary care teaching hospital between January 1, 2004, and May 31, 2005, who had brain imaging and serum creatinine measurement done during their hospitalization. A sample size was set for an alpha level of 0.05 to detect r > .5 with 80% power. Subjects9 medical records were reviewed for concurrent imaging data, serum creatinine, age, gender, and race. MDRD formula was used to calculate GFR. The main outcome measures were the occurrence and severity of WMHs in patients with renal insufficiency. A Pearson correlation was used to estimate the relationship between the two variables. Chi-square analysis was done to determine statistical significance. Results Of 1,000 eligible patients, 200 were randomly selected. A total of 161 subjects were evaluable, after excluding 39 subjects with ESRD or a previous history of strokes. Of these, we found no GFR impairment (> 90 mL/min) in 70 subjects, mild impairment (60-89 mL/min) in 36 subjects, moderate impairment (30-59 mL/min) in 47 subjects, and severe impairment (15-29 mL/min) in 8 subjects. In subjects with normal GFR, 96% (67/70) had mild WMH and 4% (3/70) had moderate WMH. No severe WMH was found in this group. In subjects with mild renal insufficiency, WMH was mild in 81% (29/36), moderate in 17% (6/36), and severe in 3% (1/36). In subjects with moderate kidney disease, 21% (10/47), 66% (31/47), and 13% (6/47) had mild, moderate, and severe WMH, respectively. With severe kidney disease, none of the subjects had mild WMH, whereas 37.5% (3/8) had moderate and 62.5% (5/8) had severe WMH. A Pearson correlation yielded a value of 0.76 with a p value of .01. WMH and renal insufficiency were similarly correlated when analyzed by gender and race. Conclusion The severity of white matter disease and severity of renal insufficiency correlate. GFR may have functional correlates with cognition. Further research will help define the importance of this relationship in CNS disease prevention.
Discovery of Q-BN and Direct Conversion of h-BN into c-BN and Formation of Epitaxial c-BN/Diamond Heterostructures

We review the discovery of a new phase BN (named Q-BN) which has been created by nanosecond laser melting in the super undercooled state and quenching rapidly with rates exceeding several billion degrees per second. This phase, sequel to our earlier discovery of Q-Carbon, has amorphous structure from which phase-pure c-BN is formed in the form of nanodots, microcrystals, nanoneedles, and microneedles. Large-area single c-BN are formed by providing a template for epitaxial growth during quenching of super undercooled liquid BN. Since there is a rapid crystal growth from liquid, both n- and p-type dopants can be incorporated into electrically active substitutional sites with concentrations exceeding solubility limits through the phenomenon of solute trapping. We have grown diamond on c-BN by pulsed laser deposition of carbon at 500°C without the presence of hydrogen, and created c-BN and diamond epitaxial composites. We discuss the mechanism of epitaxial c-BN and diamond growth on lattice matching c-BN template under pulsed laser evaporation of amorphous carbon. This discovery on direct conversion of h-BN into phase-pure c-BN at ambient temperatures and pressures in air, represents a seminal contribution to the field of boron nitride, which is quite complementary to our discovery of graphite to diamond conversion. We have bypassed thermodynamics with the help of kinetics and time control. This research represents a major breakthrough for c-BN and diamond based high-power electronic and photonic devices, and host of other applications related to high-speed machining, deep-sea drilling, field-emission displays and biomedical applications.
Organizational Form, Strategic Restructuring, and Firm Efficiency: Plant-Level Evidence from Competitive Shocks

This paper studies the impact of organizational form on firms' responses to competitive pressure. Using establishment level data from the U.S. Census and a difference-in-difference specification, I find that relative to standalones, conglomerate firms are more likely to strategically restructure after significant import tariff reductions, to focus on their core competency, to improve firm productivity, and product market performance. Contrary to conventional wisdom, restructuring accounts for 70% of the productivity growth differential between conglomerates and standalones post tariff shocks. Coinsurance benefits partially explain conglomerates' higher propensity to restructure. My results provide a micro-based explanation for the superior performance of conglomerates during economic downturns.
Markedness, the Organization of Linguistic Information in Speech Production, and Language Acquisition

In recent work (Lapointe, 1982, 1985) I have been exploring some extensions of Garrett’s (1975) model of normal adult sentence production in an attempt to explain certain aspects of agrammatic aphasia. In the present paper, I would like to consider the role of markedness in those extensions of the normal production system and to explore the relationship among markedness principles, the information manipulated by the speech system, and child language acquisition. The paper will proceed in the following way. First, I will outline the relevant extensions of Garrett’s model, concentrating specifically on the operations of the Syntactic Processor, the most important of which for the present discussion involves accessing information from two types of stores -- one containing fragments of syntactic structures, the other containing function words. These stores are organized according to markedness principles which relate structural fragments and function words to the semantic notions that they typically express. Because it is important for the subsequent discussion, I will describe in some detail the principles underlying this store organization for the particular case of VP fragments, V inflections, and auxiliary (Aux) Vs.
Transient Heat Conduction

This chapter discusses the transient heat conduction process. Several cases of one-dimensional heat conduction have been studied, which led to temperature fields described by ordinary differential equations that are relatively easy to solve. The chapter discusses heat transfer processes for which the temperature is a function of two variables, that is, time and distance; thus, partial differential equations are encountered. A transient heat conduction process is examined for which the partial differential equation can be simplified to an ordinary differential equation. This provides further practice in the application of order-of-magnitude analysis to flux boundary conditions, and introduces transient heat transfer processes. Also, a more complex process is considered for which the complete partial differential equation must be solved. The solution is constructed using two different methods. The first method requires the use of a similarity transform and represents a general mathematical method for the analysis of boundary layer phenomena, while the second method is an approximate analysis that also has broad engineering applications.
Physical Basis for the Variation of Lamination Core Loss Coefficients as a Function of Frequency and Flux Density

In this paper a physical basis for the variation in loss coefficients is developed. The standard three-term core loss separation model is assumed under sinusoidal (alternating) excitation. Some important material and operational properties that are often neglected in the literature when developing core loss models are highlighted. The paper shows how the hysteresis loss coefficient must vary with frequency and how the excess loss coefficient is a function of frequency and flux density. The study of the behavior of the loss coefficients leads to a proposal of a new way for separating and predicting lamination core losses, leading to a completely new way to quantify excess loss.
Abstract 1095:In silicomapping of oncogene networks implicate the WNT pathway in the glioblastoma MES subtype

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA It is clear that glioblastoma (GBM) is a collection of molecular subtypes, however little is known of their oncogene signaling. To address this we are currently developing a new method to map PI3K/AKT/mTOR network activity. It uses TCGA reverse-phase protein array data and is based on correlations between active pathway members. This approach provides evidence the WNT pathway is active in the Mesenchymal subgroup and we are currently validating these results. Based on this data we hypothesize Mesenchymal patients will respond to WNT inhibitors. Citation Format: Anna M. Joy, Ivan Smirnov, Mark Reiser, Seungchan Kim, Burt Feuerstein. In silico mapping of oncogene networks implicate the WNT pathway in the glioblastoma MES subtype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1095. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1095
G313(P) Time to adopt adult stroke guidelines fast (face, arms, legs, time)

A previously healthy 14-year-old female was unwell for a few days with vomiting associated with mild unilateral neck pain. Whilst on the phone, she developed left sided limb weakness, slurred speech and double vision over a matter of few minutes. She was transferred to Accident and Emergency (A and E) where she had ongoing focal neurology with a left side ataxic hemiparesis and a right internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Although she was in Paediatric age-group, there was a strong suspicion of a stroke and she underwent CT imaging which showed a normal brain parenchyma. However, CT angiogram confirmed a pseudo-aneurysm in the left vertebral artery suggestive of dissection and a filling defect at the tip of the basilar artery in keeping with occlusion (likely embolus). As she was within the 4.5 hour window for thrombolysis, she was treated with Alteplase, a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) by the on-call stroke consultant and was started on high dose Aspirin before being transferred to a tertiary Paediatric Neurology centre for ongoing care. MRI scan later confirmed bilateral pontine infarcts. At follow-up, she has a minor left sided ataxia but otherwise has recovered well. This patient presented before the publication of recent RCPCH stroke guidelines but a pragmatic decision by the A and E team ensured appropriate acute treatment. Childhood arterial ischaemic stroke is rare, with an incidence of 1.6 per 100,000.1 As demonstrated in our patient, early recognition is key for thrombolysis to be effective. The publication of the Stroke in Childhood: Clinical guideline for diagnosis, management and rehabilitation (2017)2 advocates the importance FAST (Face, Arms, Legs and Time) which has already proved to be successful for early diagnosis in adult patients. Effective collaboration with our adult counterparts is vital to share resources and implement guidance locally. References 1. Mallick AA, Ganesan V, Kirkham FJ, et al. Childhood arterial ischaemic stroke incidence, presenting features, and risk factors: A prospective population-based study. The Lancet Neurology2014;13(1):35–43. 2. Stroke in childhood: Clinical guideline for diagnosis, management and rehabilitation. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health2017.
“Jean-Pierre, c’est moi”: polyglossia and blurred identities in the films of Jacques Audiard

This article engages a heretofore unexplored dimension of Jacques Audiard’s work, the prevalence of languages other than the director’s native French. Winner of the Cannes Festival Palme d’Or, Dhee...
PAWS: A Wearable Acoustic System for Pedestrian Safety

With the prevalence of smartphones, pedestrians and joggers today often walk or run while listening to music. Since they are deprived of their auditory senses that would have provided important cues to dangers, they are at a much greater risk of being hit by cars or other vehicles. In this paper, we build a wearable system that uses multi-channel audio sensors embedded in a headset to help detect and locate cars from their honks, engine and tire noises, and warn pedestrians of imminent dangers of approaching cars. We demonstrate that using a segmented architecture and implementation consisting of headset-mounted audio sensors, a front-end hardware that performs signal processing and feature extraction, and machine learning based classification on a smartphone, we are able to provide early danger detection in real-time, from up to 60m distance, near 100% precision on the vehicle detection and alert the user with low latency.
A NOTE ON BOUNDARY OPTIMAL PATHS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a prolog for a theory of limit for growth, where the key concepts such as the technology set and the reduced-form felicity index come from what is known as the McKenzie syntax. It focuses on a world with a limit for growth, where the absence of such would have engendered unlimited physical expansion. The shortages in some primary input, for example, land-as-site, or the carrying capacity of the planet earth, together with the presence of durable capital goods, brings back such concepts as optimal steady state and optimal cycles familiar in the work of McKenzie and his coworkers. From the results known at present, efficient boundary paths also exhibit distinct differences as compared to the efficient interior paths. For the latter, optimal cycles are observable, when the time preference rate is high, and for the former, the opposite is true. Optimal boundary cycles are neutrally stable so that adjacent initial conditions lead to adjacent optimal paths with the distances in between neither increasing nor decreasing over time.
Beyond the Error Theory

Mackie's argument for the error theory is described. Four ways of responding to Mackie's argument – the Instrumental Approach, the Universalization Approach, the Reasons Approach, and the Constitutivist Approach – are outlined and evaluated. It emerges that though the Constitutivist Approach offers the most promising response to Mackie's argument, it is difficult to say whether that response is adequate or not.
Statt endloser Berufsbild-Debatte: anforderungsgerechte Tätigkeiten wissenschaftlicher Bibliothekare planen und gestalten

Bericht uber die VDB-Fortbildungsveranstaltung am 30. September 2014 in Frankfurt / Main Report on a vocational training of the Association of German Librarians, 30th September 2014 in Frankfurt / Main
The Distribution of Blue Receptors in Primates Eyes Revealed by Spectral Photic Damage and by Histochemical Response Experiments

To understand the interactions between receptors which result in color and brightness discriminations, it would be valuable to know the spatial distribution of color receptors. It would be useful just to learn the percentage of red-, green-, and blue-sensitive cones as a function of retinal position. It would be much more useful to know the detailed classification within small regions from receptor to receptor, especially if it were true in primates, as it is in fish, that there is a regularly repeated pattern in the cone mosaic.
A Sharper Generalization Bound for Divide-and-Conquer Ridge Regression

We study the distributed machine learning problem where the n feature-response pairs are partitioned among m machines uniformly at random. The goal is to approximately solve an empirical risk minimization (ERM) problem with the minimum amount of communication. The divide-and-conquer (DC) method, which was proposed several years ago, lets every worker machine independently solve the same ERM problem using its local feature-response pairs and the driver machine combine the solutions. This approach is in one-shot and thereby extremely communication-efficient. Although the DC method has been studied by many prior works, reasonable generalization bound has not been established before this work.For the ridge regression problem, we show that the prediction error of the DC method on unseen test samples is at most e times larger than the optimal. There have been constantfactor bounds in the prior works, their sample complexities have a quadratic dependence on d, which does not match the setting of most real-world problems. In contrast, our bounds are much stronger. First, our 1 + e error bound is much better than their constant-factor bounds. Second, our sample complexity is merely linear with d.
1 – DNA Mechanics

This chapter discusses the mechanical and statistical–mechanical properties of the DNA double helix. Basic DNA polymer elasticity will be reviewed, with a focus on the bending stiffness of the double helix. The twisting stiffness, which is a consequence of the double-helical structure of DNA will also be discussed, along with the phenomenon of supercoiling, which is associated with situations where the linking number of the two strands inside the double helix is held fixed. The mechanics of strand separation and of protein–DNA interactions will also be reviewed.
Case Report: Concurrent primary CNS lymphoma and meningothelial meningioma - nuances of diagnosis and management

Background : The incidence of two distinct primary intracranial pathologies is an exceedingly rare phenomenon. Although meningiomas are well known to coexist with other primary intracranial malignancies there are only nine reported cases of a meningioma occurring simultaneously with primary CNS lymphoma in the literature. We report a case of a woman who sustained multiple injuries due to two distinct intracranial pathologies, however, lateralizing signs were unrecognized for two weeks prior to her final diagnosis. Case Description: A 64-year-old female with history of diabetes mellitus type 2 initially presented to the Emergency Department, two weeks prior, following a mechanical fall at home resulting in a left bimalleolar fracture. CT imaging revealed a right occipital mass with significant vasogenic edema causing 12mm of midline shift. MRI revealed two distinct homogeneously contrast-enhancing lesions: a right occipital mass with dural-based attachment, as well as a homogenously contrast-enhancing lesion adjacent to the right posterolateral ventricle. FLAIR signal changes were also appreciated and were noted to extend across the corpus callosum, raising concerns for a high-grade glial process. She underwent a right occipital craniotomy with gross total resection of the right occipital mass as well as subtotal resection and biopsy of the second lesion. Final pathology of the extra-axial lesion was found to be meningothelial meningioma and the deep lesion was found to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Discussion: We describe a rare instance of simultaneous meningioma and primary CNS lymphoma that was found to be the underlying cause of a traumatic injury several weeks after the incident. We review the current diagnosis and management nuances in the setting of multiple intracranial oncologic processes.
Changing physician PSA screening behavior in men 70 years of age and older by use of the electronic medical record.

85Background: Since 2013, both the United States Preventive Services Task Force and the Kaiser Permanente National Prostate Cancer Guidelines have recommended against PSA-based screening for prosta...
On Whorfian Socioeconomics

Whorfian socioeconomics is an emerging interdisciplinary field of study that holds that linguistic structures explain differences in beliefs, values, and opinions across communities. Its core empirical strategy is to document a correlation between the presence or absence of a linguistic feature in a survey respondent’s language, and her/his responses to survey questions. This essay demonstrates — using the universe of linguistic features from the World Atlas of Language Structures and a wide array of responses from the World Values Survey — that such an approach produces highly statistically significant correlations in a majority of analyses, irrespective of the theoretical plausibility linking linguistic features to respondent beliefs. These results raise the possibility that correlations between linguistic features and survey responses are actually spurious. The essay concludes by showing how two simple and well-understood statistical fixes can more accurately reflect uncertainty in these analyses, reducing the temptation for analysts to create implausible Whorfian theories to explain spurious linguistic correlations. Forthcoming, Language
Small ion effects on self-coacervation phenomena in block polyampholytes

Self-coacervation is a phenomenon in which a solution of polyampholytes spontaneously phase separates into a dense liquid coacervate phase, rich in the polyampholyte, coexisting with a dilute supernatant phase. Such coacervation results in the formation of membraneless organelles in vivo and has further been applied industrially as synthetic encapsulants and coatings. It has been suggested that coacervation is primarily driven by the entropy gain from releasing counter-ions upon complexation. Using fully fluctuating field-theoretic simulations employing complex Langevin sampling and complementary molecular dynamics simulations, we have determined that the small ions contribute only weakly to the self-coacervation behavior of charge-symmetric block polyampholytes in solution. Salt partitioning between the supernatant and coacervate is also found to be negligible in the weak-binding regime at low electrostatic strengths. Asymmetries in charge distribution along the polyampholytes can cause net-charges that lead to "tadpole" configurations in dilute solution and the suppression of phase separation at low salt content. The field and particle-based simulation results are compared with analytical predictions from the random phase approximation (RPA) and postulated scaling relationships. The qualitative trends are mostly captured by the RPA, but the approximation fails at low concentration.
Hyporheic Zone Microbiome Assembly Is Linked to Dynamic Water Mixing Patterns in Snowmelt-Dominated Headwater Catchments

Author(s): Saup, CM; Bryant, SR; Nelson, AR; Harris, KD; Sawyer, AH; Christensen, JN; Tfaily, MM; Williams, KH; Wilkins, MJ | Abstract: Terrestrial and aquatic elemental cycles are tightly linked in upland fluvial networks. Biotic and abiotic mineral weathering, microbially mediated degradation of organic matter, and anthropogenic influences all result in the movement of solutes (e.g., carbon, metals, and nutrients) through these catchments, with implications for downstream water quality. Within the river channel, the region of hyporheic mixing represents a hot spot of microbial activity, exerting significant control over solute cycling. To investigate how snowmelt-driven seasonal changes in river discharge affect microbial community assembly and carbon biogeochemistry, depth-resolved pore water samples were recovered from multiple locations around a representative meander on the East River near Crested Butte, CO, USA. Vertical temperature sensor arrays were also installed in the streambed to enable seepage flux estimates. Snowmelt-driven high river discharge led to an expanding zone of vertical hyporheic mixing and introduced dissolved oxygen into the streambed that stimulated aerobic microbial respiration. These physicochemical processes contributed to microbial communities undergoing homogenizing selection, in contrast to other ecosystems where lower permeability may limit the extent of mixing. Conversely, lower river discharge conditions led to a greater influence of upwelling groundwater within the streambed and a decrease in microbial respiration rates. Associated with these processes, microbial communities throughout the streambed exhibited increasing dissimilarity between each other, suggesting that the earlier onset of snowmelt and longer periods of base flow may lead to changes in the composition (and associated function) of streambed microbiomes, with consequent implications for the processing and export of solutes from upland catchments.
Pneumocystis carinii Major Surface Glycoprotein Dampens Macrophage Inflammatory Responses to Fungal β-Glucan.

Background Pneumocystis major surface glycoprotein (Msg) is a 120-kD surface protein complex on the organism with importance in adhesion and immune recognition. In this study, we show that Msg significantly impairs tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion by macrophages induced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) β-glucans. Methods Major surface glycoprotein was shown to greatly reduce β-glucan-induced Dectin-1 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating motif (ITAM) phosphorylation. Major surface glycoprotein also down regulated Dectin-1 receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the macrophages. It is interesting that Msg incubation with macrophages resulted in significant mRNA upregulation of both C-type lectin receptors (CLR) Mincle and MCL in Msg protein presence alone but to even greater amounts in the presence of Pc β-glucan. Results The silencing of MCL and Mincle resulted in TNF-α secretions similar to that of macrophages treated with Pneumocystis β-glucan alone, which is suggestive of an inhibitory role for these 2 CLRs in Msg-suppressive effects on host cell immune response. Conclusions Taken together, these data indicate that the Pneumocystis Msg surface protein complex can act to suppress host macrophage inflammatory responses to the proinflammatory β -glucan components of the organisms.
Designing urban parks for inclusion, equity, and diversity

Urban parks are vital spaces that provide the much-needed open space in cities offering numerous benefits and opportunities. One of the prime roles of urban parks is to fulfill the physiological an...
Host tree species mediate corticolous lichen responses to elevated CO2 and O3 after 10 years exposure in the Aspen-FACE system

Abstract Lichens contribute significantly to the biodiversity and functioning of many ecosystems. Although lichens are useful air pollution bioindicators and may respond in significant ways to global change, they are studied infrequently under field conditions in chamberless exposure systems. We surveyed corticolous lichens on paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) after 10 years exposure (1998–2007) to elevated CO2 (eCO2) and O3 (eO3) in the Aspen-FACE experiment in Rhinelander, WI, USA. This experiment utilized chamberless exposure rings, 30 m in diameter, with both host trees planted together in one quadrant. Four treatments were allocated among 12 rings: ambient, eCO2, eO3, and the combination of eCO2 + eO3, each replicated once in each of three blocks. Over the course of the experiment, ambient CO2 increased from 343 to 386 ppm while eCO2 averaged ~530 ppm CO2. Ambient ozone concentrations averaged ~37 ppb and ~49 ppb for eO3 although exposures decreased with time. Tree growth and leaf area index were negatively affected by eO3 and stimulated by eCO2, resulting in higher photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in eO3 and lower in eCO2. We assessed lichen richness and cover on five host trees per ring on the north-facing side of the trunks, which were higher on birch than on aspen. Neither of the lichen measures on birch responded to the exposure treatments, while on aspen lichen cover was highest in eO3 and lowest in eCO2. On aspen, lichen cover was positively related to PAR and dominated by Caloplaca. No relationship was found for birch, although Lecanora exhibited a negative relationship with PAR. These lichens were insensitive to direct effects of eCO2 and eO3 at the levels applied. Instead, they responded to indirect effects, such as host tree species, and changes in understory PAR, resulting from direct effects of eO3 and eCO2 on the host trees.
Enabling Channelizing Filters for High Impedance Nodes with Temperature Compensated Lamb-Wave Resonators

This paper presents the development of a narrowband temperature compensated filter that can be embedded in a wake-up radio for improving its sensitivity and robustness. A method for addressing the complexity in achieving the narrow bandwidth and temperature stability simultaneously with aluminum nitride-based lamb-wave acoustic devices is outlined. Using this approach, a theoretical filter is designed with an insertion loss of 6.65 dB and a fractional bandwidth of 0.11% when connected to a port with an impedance of $3\ \mathrm{k}\Omega$ in parallel with 250 fF with a temperature coefficient of frequency of less than 2 ppm/°C first order TCF. The fabricated device shows an insertion loss of 11.5 dB and a fractional bandwidth of 0.13%.