cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exterior housing conditions are associated with objective measures of poor sleep among low-income older adults with disabilities.

Abstract Objective To examine the association of housing and neighborhood conditions with sleep among disadvantaged older adults. Methods We used data from 136 low-income, predominantly Black older adults with disabilities. Predictors were indices of: interior housing conditions (eg, pests, tripping hazards); exterior housing conditions (eg, broken windows); and neighborhood disorder (eg, litter, vacant buildings). Outcomes were actigraphic total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE). Results In models adjusted for age, sex, education, living arrangement, comorbidities, and physical performance, each additional exterior housing problem was associated with 20.9-minutes less TST (95% confidence interval [CI]: −39.2, −2.6), 8.6-minutes more WASO (95% CI: 0.7, 16.5), and 2.3% lower SE (95% CI: −4.2, −0.4). The associations of interior housing conditions and neighborhood disorder with the sleep parameters were of smaller magnitude and not statistically significant. Conclusions Future studies should examine the effects of housing repair on sleep health.
Sedentary behavior and medical multimorbidity

Emerging research demonstrates that sedentary behavior is associated with various individual chronic conditions, independent of physical activity. Despite multimorbidity (having at least 2 chronic diseases) being highly prevalent (≥ 23% of adults) and associating with premature mortality, limited research has examined the association between sedentary behavior and multimorbidity, which was the purpose of this research letter. Data from the 2005-2006 NHANES were used (analyzed in 2015). A multimorbidity index variable was created indicating the number of 14 morbidities each patient had; sedentary behavior and physical activity were assessed via accelerometry. For every 60 min/day increase in sedentary behavior, participants had a higher multimorbidity index (β(adjusted) = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04-0.11, p<0.001) and had an 11% (OR(adjusted) = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01-1.21; p = 0.03) increased odds of being multimorbid (i.e., having ≥ 2 morbidities). Sedentary behavior is associated with multimorbidity (independent of light-intensity physical activity and adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines), which underscores the importance of minimizing prolonged sedentary behavior (in addition to promoting physical activity) among adults.
Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterization of Iron(II) and 2,4-Dinitrotoluene

The objective of this work was the development of reliable methods to determine 2,4-dinitrotoluene, a precursor to explosives. A complex between Fe(II) ion and 2,4-dinitrotoluene was formed in solution and characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy using Job's plots and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface modification of glassy carbon electrodes were performed with iron nanoparticles via electrochemical reduction of iron(II). The modified electrode was employed for the determination of 2,4-dinitrotoluene. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the iron nanoparticles were incorporated on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical determination of 2,4-dinitrotoluene was performed by cyclic voltammetry using the modified electrode. The iron modified electrode produced larger reduction currents than the unmodified electrode for the same concentration of 2,4-dinitrotoluene. Concentrations of 2,4-dinitrotoluene as low as 10 parts per billion were determined using the modified electrode.
Metastases detected at the time of diagnosis of primary pediatric extremity osteosarcoma at diagnosis: imaging features.

BACKGROUND The authors performed a retrospective study to estimate the incidence rate of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis of extremity osteosarcoma (OS), to characterize its pattern of presentation, and to identify factors predictive of survival within a cohort of patients with pulmonary metastatic disease at diagnosis. METHODS From the institutional solid tumor database, the authors identified all patients diagnosed with extremity OS since CT became available at the study institution (1977). The authors recorded patient demographics, the site of primary disease, the histologic subtype of OS, and the presence of metastases at diagnosis. In those patients with pulmonary metastases at diagnosis, the presence of calcifications, the primary tumor volume, the number of pulmonary lobes with disease, and the number of pulmonary nodules were recorded. RESULTS Of an evaluable population of 215 patients, 32 (15%) had bone or pulmonary metastases at diagnosis, of whom original imaging from 28 patients was available for review. Osteoblastic histology correlated with lung metastases at diagnosis (P = 0.049). One of the 32 patients had a solitary bone metastasis without lung metastases. Four of 28 patients (14%) with original imaging available had calcifications within the pulmonary nodules. Both the number of nodules and the number of lobes involved were found to be significant predictors of survival (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.04, respectively); multiple nodules were bilateral in 61% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The rate of incidence of computed tomography detected pulmonary metastases was found to be 14% (31 of 215 patients) at diagnosis and 0.5% (1 of 215 patients) for bone metastases in patients with primary extremity OS. Pulmonary metastases usually are multiple and bilateral and infrequently calcify. The number of nodules and lobes involved are predictors of patient survival. Cancer 1999;86:1602–8. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Portfolio Insurance Strategies when Hedging Affects Share Prices

Option-based portfolio insurance can result in coordinated buying and selling, which destabilizes markets such that hedgers fail to achieve their objective. Gennotte and Leland (1990) show portfolio insurance strategies can have an impact on price movements. Ramanlal and Mann (1996) show how price movements, in turn, can alter hedging strategies. In this paper, we combine these separate effects and develop an equilibrium, executable hedging strategy. This hedging strategy requires less rebalancing than traditional portfolio insurance; more important, it achieves downside protection with a less destabilizing impact on security prices.
Comparative antinociception of morphine, butorphanol, and buprenorphine versus saline in the green iguana, Iguana iguana, using electrostimulation

ABSTRACT Pain management in reptiles is poorly understood and most published reptile opioid doses are empirically derived. In this study, five adult (3 male, 2 female) green iguanas, Iguana iguana, were given either 0.5 ml saline or an opioid analgesic agent intramuscularly 30 min prior to electrostimulation of the tail to compare responses. Opioid analgesic agents evaluated were butorphanol at 0.4, 1.5, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg, buprenorphine at 0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg, and morphine at 0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg. Electrostimulation was administered with a Grass stimulator® with the two electrodes placed 1 cm apart at the measured junction of the first and second thirds of the tail, randomly delivering currents of 2, 10, 20 and 40 mA for a duration of 500 mS, 10 min apart. The iguanas' responses were recorded on videotape so three evaluators, blinded to the agent given, could determine a score (0–20) based on a response scale developed for this study. Increasing scores correlated with increases in heart rate, and movement of ...
Abstract 4572: Bioorthogonal, two-component drug delivery in HER2(+) breast cancer mouse models

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The HER2 receptors are overexpressed in ∼25% of breast cancer patients and characterized by poor internalization capability. The humanized monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab (Tz), is used as a first-line treatment for HER2(+) breast cancers. However, approximately 50% of patients with HER2(+) disease do not benefit from trastuzumab or the disease becomes refractory to the drug. We have demonstrated a target-specific intracellular delivery of therapeutics using new two-step/two-component drug delivery system driven by click chemistry that results in the in situ complexation and rapid internalization. Two delivery strategies based on azide (Az)/dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO), (Click-1) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO)/tertrazine (Tt), (Click-2) bioorthogonal click reactions were tested in human HER2(+) breast cancer mouse models. Trastuzumab was functionalized with Az or TCO groups and labeled with NIR CF-680 dye, to prepare Tz(Az/TCO)a(CF-680)b as the pretargeting component. Albumin substituted with paclitaxel (Px), functionalized with DBCO or Tt, and labeled with NIR CF-750 dye to prepare Alb(DBCO/Tt)x(Px)y(CF-750)z was used as the second delivery component. BT-474 HER2(+) breast cancer models were grown in athymic nude mice. Five groups of mice (a) untreated/PBS (b) first-component without Az, control for Click-1 (c) treated by Click-1 (d) first-component without TCO, control for Click-2, and (e) treated by Click-2 were used for the study. On day 0 mice were imaged with in vivo Xenogen optical imaging system and injected with the first pretargeting component followed by the second drug delivery component after 6h. Similarly, the second dose was administered on day 7. Mice were imaged at days 0 and 7 after administration of therapy to confirm the accumulation of components in tumors. Tumor volumes were measured every forth day up to day 20. After 21 days mice were sacrificed and tumors were extracted and analyzed by H&E staining for possible necrosis. Accumulation of the pretargeting and delivery components were observed in mice treated under Click-1 and Click-2 conditions compared to the corresponding controls and untreated mice. However, the accumulation was significantly higher in Click-2 group in comparison to all other groups. In addition, both pretargeting and delivery components were retained in the tumor for much longer time in Click-2 group than in other groups. We observed a tumor shrinking and significant decrease of tumor growth rate in Click-2 group. The results were confirmed by H&E immunohistochemistry analysis showing significant necrotic area in the Click-2 treated groups. Citation Format: Sudath Hapuarachchige, Wenlian Zhu, Yoshinori Kato, Dmitri Artemov. Bioorthogonal, two-component drug delivery in HER2(+) breast cancer mouse models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4572. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4572
Diet selection and digestion in Iguana iguana: the importance of age and nutrient requirements

The green iguana, Iguana iguana, is herbivorous throughout life, and depends on a microbial fermentation system in the hindgut to degrade plant fiber. Because the metabolic rates of lizards are proportional to body mass raised to the 0.80 power, hatchling iguanas have 2X, and juveniles 1.4X, greater relative energy requirements (kJxg body mass-1xday-1) than full-grown adults. Growing animals also need a higher protein intake, for contruction of body tissues, than do mature animals. This study investigated how growing iguanas achieve a relatively greater nutrient intake than adults. Hatchling and juvenile iguanas do not have higher relative capacities of the digestive tract than mature iguanas, nor do they digest plant materials more effectively. Instead, growing iguanas select diets higher in digestible protein, and digest the same food 1.3X to 2X more rapidly, than adults. Young iguanas may accomplish their shorter food transit times by maintaining higher body temperatures.
Airflow resistivity instrument for in situ measurement on the earth's ground surface

An airflow resistivity instrument features a novel specimen holder, especially designed for in situ measurement on the earth's ground surface. This capability eliminates the disadvantages of prior intrusive instruments, which necessitate the removal of a test specimen from the ground. A prototype instrument can measure airflow resistivities in the range 10-5000 cgs rayl/cm, at specimen depths up to 15.24 cm (6 in.), and at differential pressures up to 2490.8 dyn sq cm (1 in. H2O) across the specimen. Because of the close relationship between flow resistivity and acoustic impedance, this instrument should prove useful in acoustical studies of the earth's ground surface. Results of airflow resistivity measurements on an uncultivated grass field for varying values of moisture content are presented.
Fechner Redux: A Comparison of the Holbein Madonnas

Gustaf Theodor Fechner's studies, in the latter part of the 1800s, constituted the beginning of empirical psychological perspectives on art and aesthetics. Fechner devoted much of his attention to the controversy concerning the apparent beauty, and hence authenticity, of two very similar Madonna paintings attributed to Holbein the Younger. Fechner's particularly noteworthy study on this topic [1] involved a direct comparison of the two paintings by visitors to an exhibition, but, according to Boring [2], that experiment was a failure. Given the historical importance of Fechner's research overall, and yielding to an urge for resolution of an unanswered question, we report a contemporary comparison of these paintings. Our subjects showed no obvious preference for either of the paintings, but there were differences in terms of emotional and artistic impressions.
Activity-dependent expression of ELAV/Hu RBPs and neuronal mRNAs in seizure and cocaine brain.

Growing evidence indicates that both seizure (glutamate) and cocaine (dopamine) treatment modulate synaptic plasticity within the mesolimbic region of the CNS. Activation of glutamatergic neurons depends on the localized translation of neuronal mRNA products involved in modulating synaptic plasticity. In this study, we demonstrate the dendritic localization of HuR and HuD RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their association with neuronal mRNAs following these two paradigms of seizure and cocaine treatment. Both the ubiquitously expressed HuR and neuronal HuD RBPs were detected in different regions as well as within dendrites of the brain and in dissociated neurons. Quantitative analysis revealed an increase in HuR, HuD and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) protein levels as well as neuronal mRNAs encoding Homer, CaMKIIα, vascular early response gene, GAP-43, neuritin, and neuroligin protein products following either seizure or cocaine treatment. Inhibition of the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway by acute or chronic LiCl treatment revealed changes in HuR, HuD, pGSK3β, p-Akt, and β-catenin protein levels. In addition, a genetically engineered hyperdopaminergic mouse model (dopamine transporter knockout) revealed decreased expression of HuR protein levels, but no significant change was observed in HuD or fragile-X mental retardation protein RBPs. Finally, our data suggest that HuR and HuD RBPs potentially interact directly with neuronal mRNAs important for differentiation and synaptic plasticity.
Representation Theorems In A L-Fuzzy Set Theory Based Algebra For Morphology

Perhaps the most promising area of morphological image processing is that dealing with morphological filters. An image to image mapping is called a morphological filter if it is increasing and translation compatible. In other words, morphological filters preserve the natural set theoretic ordering and are space invariant. Examples of such filters are the convex hull operator, the topological closure, the umbra transform and various other topological algorithms [2-4]. Matheron showed that all such mappings can be characterized by the set theoretic operations erosion and dilation. His representation theorems has been adapted to digital images with great success [4].
Education in a Culture of Violence: A Critical Pedagogy of Place in Wartime.

What is the role of education in wartime? To what extent should environmental and science educators directly address violent conflict and a culture of prolonged war? This article gestures with empathy toward all educators who are working in wartime. It posits that a critical pedagogy of place provides a theoretical framework that contextualizes all environmental work and all education in the context of cultural politics. I argue that a fundamental component of a critical, place-based inquiry must be acknowledging the contested history of colonization with respect to land (environment) and homeland (culture). I cannot think of a place on the planet where this history is as complex and contested than it is in Israel and Palestine. However, colonization and its legacy is a shared reality around the world, and acknowledging the context of colonization should not be limited to inquiry in places where the bombs are still smoldering and where the rubble has yet to be cleared. Acknowledging colonization may be especially appropriate in the US, where the historical record of militarized colonization remains hidden behind the myths of global “progress” for the world’s remaining “superpower.”
Quantum mechanical pure states with gaussian wave functions

Abstract This paper examines single-mode and two-mode Gaussian pure states (GPS), quantum mechanical pure states with Gaussian wave functions. These states are produced when harmonic oscillators in their ground states are exposed to potentials, or interaction Hamiltonians, that are linear or quadratic in the position and momentum variables (i.e., annihilation and creation operators) of the oscillators. The physical and group theoretical properties of these Hamiltonians and the unitary operators they generate are discussed. These properties lead to a natural classification scheme for GPS. Important properties of single-mode and two-mode GPS are discussed. An efficient vector notation is introduced, and used to derive many of the important properties of GPS and of the Hamiltonians and unitary operators associated with them.
Barrier Theory of the Photoconductivity of Lead Sulfide

The barrier theory of the infrared photoconductivity of PbS films is discussed, according to which the high resistance of the films arises from $n\ensuremath{-}p\ensuremath{-}n$ barriers at the surfaces between the crystallites forming the films, the barriers being formed in the oxidizing process used in preparing the films. Under the action of light, electron hole pairs are formed, these carriers become trapped in the $n$- and $p$-type regions, respectively, the resulting charge density lowers the barriers, and hence the conductivity is increased. This theory is worked out quantitatively, and compared with experimental results of Mahlman on films of the type actually used as sensitive photoconductors. The theory shows good qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiment in numerous respects, including the explanation of the dark conductivity of the films and its dependence on temperature, the photoconductivity as a function of irradiance and temperature, the time constants involved in the rise or decay of the photoconductivity, and the short-wave limit of the photoconductivity. In working out the theory of the barrier model, we use the properties of the bulk material as determined by Petritz and Scanlon, and the properties of the films are found to be consistent with our knowledge of the behavior of the bulk material.
Cortical visual areas of the cat project differentially onto the nuclei of the accessory optic system

Cortical projections to the nuclei of the cat's accessory optic system were demonstrated by anterograde transport and degeneration methods. Areas 21a, 21b, AMLS and PMLS were found to project to the medial, lateral and dorsal terminal accessory optic nuclei. Selective projections from area PLLS to the lateral terminal nucleus and from areas 17 and 18 to the medial terminal nucleus were noted. No terminal labeling was detected following injections of areas ALLS, DLS, 20a, 20b, 19, 7 or the splenial visual area. The accessory optic system has been implicated in the control of optokinetic nystagmus. Additional evidence supports a role for ipsilateral visual cortical projections in mediating optokinetic pursuit in the naso-temporal direction under monocular conditions. Thus the visual cortical projections we describe may partially underlie the observed functional laterality of monocularly elicited optokinetic pursuit in the cat. The present results further indicate that suprasylvian areas AMLS, PMLS and 21 are the cortical regions primarily responsible for descending visual influences on the cat's accessory optic nuclei.
Clonal chromosomal abnormalities in CD34+/CD38- hematopoietic cells from cytogenetically normal chronic myeloid leukemia patients with a complete cytogenetic response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Letter to the Editor Clonal chromosomal abnormalities in Ph-negative cells (CCA/Ph-) have been identified in 3-15% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with a partial or complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) to imatinib(1). Trisomy 8 and deletions of chromosome 7 [either monosomy 7 or del 7(q)] account for the majority of cases, although a range of other karyotypic changes were seen at lower frequency. A recent study reported CCA/Ph- in patients on dasatinib, indicating that the phenomenon is not limited to imatinib therapy. In some patients, CCA/Ph is associated with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and progression to acute myeloid leukemia has been reported(1, 2). A single center report suggested inferior survival in newly diagnosed patients who develop CCA/Ph-(3). However, a larger study found that CCA/Ph- does not adversely affect the prognosis of patients with a major cytogenetic response (MCyR) to imatinib, indicating that this is a mostly benign condition(4). The reported incidence of CCA/Ph- is based on metaphase karyotyping, which is limited by the small number of cells analyzed and by the fact that only cells are assayed that can be induced to divide within the culture period. We thus hypothesized that conventional karyotyoping may underestimate the incidence of CCA/Ph- and decided to screen CD34+/CD38− cells from a cohort of CML patients with a CCyR to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for abnormalities of chromosomes 7 and 8. This primitive cell compartment is known to be enriched for hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells(5). We find CCA/Ph- in CD34+/CD38− cells from 4/19 patients, suggesting CCA/Ph- is more common than previously appreciated.
Medicaid Provider Delivery of the 5A's for Smoking Cessation Counseling

This paper assesses rates of the 5A's (ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange) of brief provider counseling received by Medicaid-enrolled smokers and recent quitters and the differences in receipt of counseling as a function of age, gender, race, ethnicity, and health status. A random sample telephone survey was conducted among Medicaid-enrolled smokers and recent quitters in four geographic areas in the United States. Multivariate logistic regression models estimated the relationships between demographic characteristics and delivery of the 5A's. Less than 10% of Medicaid smokers and recent quitters reported receiving all 5A's. Medicaid providers delivered the ask, assess, and advise components of smoking cessation counseling to the majority of their patients who were smokers or recent quitters. However, they were much less likely to provide comprehensive counseling, with fewer than 25% of patients reporting receiving any assistance with quitting (i.e., a prescription for pharmacotherapy or referral to counseling) or arrangement of a follow-up visit or phone call. Receipt of the 5A's varied as a function of health status, race, and ethnicity. Medicaid needs to (a) increase provider delivery of the full spectrum of counseling interventions recommended for smoking cessation and (b) extend provider outreach to the demographic groups that receive the lowest rates of counseling.
Parents with Serious and Persistent Mental Illness: Issues in Assessment and Services

Parents who have serious and persistent mental illness are often overlooked in social work and mental health journals. Furthermore, mentally ill parents typically are viewed from a pathology perspective that fails to address their desire to be competent parents. This article reviews the literature on mentally ill parents and addresses conceptual issues in assessment and services. The author critiques methods of assessment and recommends more appropriate and comprehensive assessment protocols. Model programs are discussed with a focus on the development of competent parenting skills combined with social supports for parents who have a serious and persistent mental illness.
Method of Study of High-Energy Scattering Events with Very Small Energy Losses

A method using an accelerator and thin targets is suggested for investigating very small energy losses in highenergy electron or proton scattering events. (C.E.S.)
THE REACTIONS OF SOME ALKOXYCARBONYL ISOTHIOCYANATES WITH ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND AMINES

(1993). THE REACTIONS OF SOME ALKOXYCARBONYL ISOTHIOCYANATES WITH ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND AMINES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 83-90.
Self-retrieval and articulatory retention.

The effect of training in self-retrieval on articulatory recall was examined. Elementary school children practiced the syllables /ciks/ and /cɔlt/ under two conditions: imitation and self-retriev...
A Proposed Methodology to Characterize the Accuracy of Life Cycle Cost Estimates for DoD Programs

Abstract For decades, the DoD has employed numerous reporting and monitoring tools for characterizing the acquisition cost of its major programs. These tools have resulted in dozens of studies thoroughly documenting the magnitude and extent of DoD acquisition cost growth. Curiously, though, there have been extremely few studies regarding the behavior of the other cost component of a system's life cycle: Operating and Support (O&S) costs. This is particularly strange considering that O&S costs tend to dominate the total life cycle cost (LCC) of a program, and that LCCs are widely regarded as the preferred metric for assessing actual program value. The upshot for not examining such costs is that the DoD has little knowledge of how LCC estimates behave over time, and virtually no insights regarding their accuracy. In recent years, however, enough quality LCC data has amassed to conduct a study to address these deficiencies. This paper describes a method for conducting such a study, and represents (to the authors’ knowledge) the first broad-based attempt to do so. The results not only promise insights into the nature of current LCC estimates, but also suggest the possibility of improving the accuracy of DoD LCC estimates via a stochastically-based model.
Evidence that Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and a Hypothalamic Prolactin-Releasing Factor May Function in the Release of Prolactin in the Lactating Rat*

We have compared the effectiveness of TRH and a rat hypothalamic PRL-releasing factor (PRF; previously incubated with rat serum to destroy TRH) in stimulating the release of PRL into the plasma of conscious lactating rats when injected before and after pituitary PRL had been depleted and transformed into releasable PRL by 10 min of suckling. TRH (1.25 microgramsss) and PRF [equivalent to 2.5 stalk median eminence (SME) fragments] each caused a small increase (38 and 30 ng, respectively) in the plasma PRL concentration within 10 min when injected into nondepleted mothers. The levels then fell quickly. Suckling, by comparison, caused a sustained 175 ng/ml increase above basal levels. Though PRL depletion occurred, as expected, as a result of suckling, there was no measurable depletion within the pituitaries of TRH- or PRF-injected rats. By contrast, the iv administration of TRH (doses ranging from 2-250 ng) and hypothalamic PRF (doses ranging from 0.2-1.0 SME equivalent) after depletion-transformation had been effected by 10 min of suckling resulted in a rapid and, in most instances, a sustained elevation in the plasma PRL concentration comparable to that seen after suckling. Dose-response relationships, though, were not clearly evident with either PRF or TRH. Neither saline, 1.25 microgram TRH previously incubated in serum, 50 mU oxytocin, 1 microgram dopamine, 25 microgram LHRH, nor an extract of cerebral cortex prepared in the same manner as hypothalamic TRH caused plasma PRL to rise after PRL depletion. We conclude that TRH and possibly a separate hypothalamic PRF have a stimulatory action upon the releasable, but not upon the depletion-transformation, phase of PRL secretion in the lactating rat.
Exact Solution of the One-Dimensional Schrödinger Equation with δ-Function Potentials of Arbitrary Position and Strength

The exact solution to the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation which describes the motion of a particle scattering off a finite set of $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function potentials of arbitrary strengths and positions is found. The behavior of the $T$ matrix both on and off the energy shell is also precisely given. Localization of states is discussed.
Spatial Harvest Regimes for a Sedentary Fishery

This paper investigates the role of harvest sanctuaries and reserves in the management of a sedentary fishery. An optimal control bioeconomic model is developed and optimized for native oysters in the Chesapeake Bay, US, that incorporates two positive externalities generated by oyster stocks: nutrient removal and provision of habitat for other benthic species. The model incorporates four management regimes that currently exist in the Bay: public grounds that are continuously harvested, aquaculture on leased grounds, sanctuaries that are never harvested, and reserves that are periodically pulse harvested. We find that if harvest effort in public grounds can be controlled, then that management regime unambiguously provides the highest social welfare. However, if harvest effort in public grounds cannot be controlled, then reserves provide the highest social welfare. Sanctuaries are part of the optimal mix of regimes only when harvest effort on public grounds cannot be controlled and a pulsed harvest is not feasible.
Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Tryptophan and Halogenated Tryptophan Analogs in Amorphous Sucrose

. Tryptophan phosphorescence lifetime and quantum yield are sensitive to the local environment. The phosphorescence from tryptophan analogs, however, has not been studied. We report here data on the room temperature phosphorescence of tryptophan, 4-, 5- and 6-fluoro-DL-tryptophan (4-F-trp, 5-F-trp and 6-F-trp) and 5-bromo-DL-tryptophan (5-Br-trp) embedded in glassy powders of freeze-dried sucrose. In aqueous solution, the absorption of the analogs was either blue-shifted (4-F-trp), red-shifted (5-F-trp and 5-Br-trp) or not shifted (6-F-trp) with respect to tryptophan. The phosphorescence emission spectra of all analogs were red-shifted compared to trp (442 nm) with maxima at 446 nm (5-F-trp), 451 mn (6-F-trp), 452 nm (5-Br-trp) and 469 nm (4-F-trp). The 5-F-trp and 6-F-trp analogs had emission intensities similar to tryptophan (relative quantum yields of 0.68 and 0.91, respectively, compared to tryptophan), while the intensities of the 4-F and 5-Br analogs were lower (relative quantum yields of 0.039 and 0.022, respectively). All analogs exhibited complex decay behavior requiring several exponentials for an adequate fit; the average lifetimes were all lower than that of trp (1039 ms). The average lifetimes of the fluorinated analogs (5-F, 721 ms; 6-F, 482 ms and 4-F, 35 ms) scaled approximately with the relative quantum yields while that of 5-Br (0.53 ms) was significantly lower. Analysis of the individual lifetimes suggested that the fluorinated analogs differ in their sensitivity to environmental interactions, with 5-F- and 6-F-trp quenched 1.5-2-fold and 4-F-trp about 23-fold more efficiently than tryptophan. The red-shifted 5-F-trypto-phan analog, which has been incorporated into proteins, may provide an alternative phosphorescence probe for selective phosphorescence detection of a specific protein in a complex mixture.
Epidemic in southern Mexico of disease resembling virus haemorrhagic fevers.

Abstract In 1967 an epidemic of a previously unrecognised disease occurred in man in Chiapas State, Mexico. It was characterised by fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, haemorrhagic manifestations, shock, and some deaths. The outbreak was in an isolated, tropical area of southern Mexico and coincided with a striking increase in the rodent population in and around homes. Although no aetiological diagnosis has been established, the clinical and epidemiological findings were similar to the virus haemorrhagic fever (H.F.) diseases and lead to the hypothesis that the outbreak was caused by a virus, perhaps one in the H.F. group. Sera obtained from patients 2 years after recovery from the disease were tested against arbovirus, Leptospira, Shigella, and rickettsia antigens, as well as antigens of the Tacaribe complex of viruses. Complement-fixation antibodies of low titre (1/2 to 1/16) against Tacaribe complex viruses, Latino and Parana, found in sera from eight of eleven persons tested were compatible with, but not confirmatory of, the hypothesis.
Liver resection and cyst fenestration in the treatment of severe polycystic liver disease

Abstract Background/Aims: There is limited information on treatment options for massive, highly symptomatic polycystic liver disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the immediate and long-term outcome of combined liver resection and fenestration. Methods: Information was abstracted from medical records. Follow-up was obtained by mailed questionnaire. Liver volume was quantified by computed tomography. Results: Thirty-one patients underwent liver resection and fenestration between July 1985 and June 1993. Mean liver volume was 9357 mL before and 3567 mL after surgery. There was one death from postoperative intracerebral bleed. Eighteen patients experienced complications, usually transient pleural effusions or transient ascites. Twenty-eight of 29 surviving patients with adequate follow-up have experienced immediate and sustained relief of symptoms and improvement in quality of life. After median follow-up of 2.4 years (range, 0.2 to 7.9 years), most patients have not had clinically significant enlargement of the liver. Sequential computed tomography scans before and after surgery suggest that hepatic enlargement in the age range of the patients in the study mainly resulted from the expansion of existing cysts rather than from the development of new cysts. Conclusions: Selected patients with severe symptomatic polycystic liver disease and favorable anatomy benefit from liver resection and fenestration with acceptable morbidity and mortality. The extent of hepatic resection and fenestration is important for the long-term effectiveness of this procedure.
Laboratory studies on surface sampling of Bacillus anthracis contamination: summary, gaps and recommendations

This article summarizes previous laboratory studies to characterize the performance of methods for collecting, storing/transporting, processing and analysing samples from surfaces contaminated by Bacillus anthracis or related surrogates. The focus is on plate culture and count estimates of surface contamination for swab, wipe and vacuum samples of porous and nonporous surfaces. Summaries of the previous studies and their results were assessed to identify gaps in information needed as inputs to calculate key parameters critical to risk management in biothreat incidents. One key parameter is the number of samples needed to make characterization or clearance decisions with specified statistical confidence. Other key parameters include the ability to calculate, following contamination incidents, the (i) estimates of B. anthracis contamination, as well as the bias and uncertainties in the estimates and (ii) confidence in characterization and clearance decisions for contaminated or decontaminated buildings. Gaps in knowledge and understanding identified during the summary of the studies are discussed. Additional work is needed to quantify (i) the false-negative rates of surface-sampling methods with lower concentrations on various surfaces and (ii) the effects on performance characteristics of: aerosol vs liquid deposition of spores, using surrogates instead of B. anthracis, real-world vs laboratory conditions and storage and transportation conditions. Recommendations are given for future evaluations of data from existing studies and possible new studies.
THE GENUS VALLERIOLA DISTANT (HEMIPTERA: LEPTOPODIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA, NEW CALEDONIA AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA WITH NOTES ON ZOOGEOGRAPHY1

Valleriola Distant is the only leptopodid genus known from the tropical Pacific region. The species previously reported are V. wilsonae Drake from eastern Australia and V. assouanensis (Costa) from New Caledonia. The latter was misidentified, and is described herein as V. novacaledonica sp. n.; the revised range of V. assouanensis is from Egypt and Sudan through Iran and Afghanistan to India and Sri Lanka. V. tribulosa sp. n. from Cape York Peninsula and V. tuberculata sp. n. from northern Papua New Guinea are also described, the latter the first leptopodid recorded from New Guinea. Zoogeographical notes are given for all species of the genus known to us.
Electro-optical Kerr effect voltage measurements on multi-megavolt pulsed power accelerators

We have developed a highly accurate, non-perturbing, non-invasive voltage monitor for multi-megavolt measurements in water using the electro-optic Kerr effect. The strong electric field causes the normally isotropic water to become linearly birefringent, with the birefringence axis aligned along the field. A beam polarized at 45° with respect to the electric field will experience a phase difference in the parallel and perpendicular components by an amount proportional to the square of the electric field. Measuring the phase change gives an accurate and precise value of the electric field.
Proximal nephron and renal effects of DuP 753, a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

Proximal nephron and renal effects of DuP 753, a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. The purpose of these studies was to quantitatively assess the role of endogenous angiotensin II activity in controlling transport in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and whole nephron. We used the nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist DuP 753, which lacks the agonist and kinin/prostaglandin-inducing properties of saralasin and captopril, respectively. During in vivo microperfusion in the Munich-Wistar rat, we found that DuP 753 had a powerful inhibitory effect on bicarbonate (370 ± 3 to 200 ± 9 pEq/mm o min, P
River network completion without height samples using geometry-based induced terrain

We present an improved method for connecting broken river segments by incorporating segment geometry into the induced terrain approach. The reconnection problem is important in aerial photography. ...
A diffusion approach to study leadership reform

Purpose – This study aims to draw on elements of diffusion theory to understand leadership reform. Many diffusion studies examine the spread of an innovation across social units but the objective is to examine diffusion of a collective leadership model within school units. Specifically, the strength of reform diffusion is tested to account for differences in instructional capacity and to explain the spread of leadership reform within Title I elementary schools.Design/methodology/approach – A mixed method design was used to understand how social factors facilitated the diffusion of leadership reform, and to test for a diffusion effect. Qualitative data were derived from interviews, field notes, observations, and documents using a grounded theory approach. Open and axial coding techniques were used to develop coherent categories of major and minor themes. Quantitative data were hierarchical, with teachers and students nested in schools. A random‐intercepts, means‐as‐outcomes model was used to test for a dif...
7-Azaindole: the low-temperature near-UV/vis spectra and electronic structure

Abstract 7-Azaindole is isolated in an argon matrix and its absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence are analyzed by comparison with indole spectra and indo s 1 calculations. The absorption origin is a distinct band at 289.9 nm, but we could not identify the second {π∗, π} transition in the spectrum. We predict it to be weak and near-degenerate with a pyridine-type {π∗, n} transition. The origin of the well-structured phosphorescence emission, at 414.9 nm, is strongly blue-shifted in comparison to the previously reported phosphorescence of 7-azaindole in hydrocarbon glasses. A long phosphorescence lifetime, τ = 3.78 s, indicates the S 0 {gp} ← T 1 {π∗} radiative transition. The Φ P Φ F ratio in 7-azaindole is smaller by an order of magnitude in the argon matrix and two orders of magnitude in glycerol/water glass, in comparison to that of indole. The sensitivity to protic media indicates that an S 0 {n} ← T k {π∗} transition is responsible for the emission loss. No dimerizaton of 7-azaindole and tautomerization to 7 H -pyrrolo[2,3- b ]pyridine was observed in the argon matrix or glycerol/water glass; however, association with indole is suggested by phosphorescence band shifts and emission loss. It is expected that these features will further the use of 7-azaindole as a spectroscopic marker in a variety of environments.
Gas-assisted laser-metal drilling : theoretical model

A theoretical model for gas-assisted low-power laser-metal interaction is developed. The steady-state, one-dimensional heat transfer and two-dimensional axisymmetric flow equations for the gas and molten metal regions are solved to obtain the melting front velocity. The model is based on the mechanism of gas-assisted molten metal expulsion and does not apply to situations where incident laser fluxes are high enough to produce significant vaporization at the metal surface. The times required to drill a hole in sheets of aluminum, copper, 304 stainless steel, and low-carbon steel for both argon and oxygen assist gases are obtained. In the case of oxygen-assisted drilling, the effects of change in absorptivity of the surface due to oxide formation and the difference in the melting point of the oxide and metal are considered. The competing effect of these two factors determines whether use of oxygen as an assist gas improves the process efficiency. The model is compared with experimental values of the drilling time obtained using a Nd-YAG laser, and reasonably good qualitative and quantitative agreement is found, although better quantitative could be obtained by adjusting the absorptivity. 11 refs.
The fine structure of smooth muscle in Bipalium Kewense Moseley, its possible relation to evolution of skeletal muscle.

The fine structure of the smooth muscles in a land Turbellarian, Bipalium Kewense, has been studied. These muscles are composed of three types myofilaments. Besides the thick and the thin filaments, there is a third type of intermediate filament which forms networks to connect between the dense bodies. The nucleus, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum are mainly at the periphery of the muscle.Two types of glycogen granules with different sizes have been encountered; both scattered among myofilaments as well as close to mitochondria. One type exhibits a round granular appearance while the other is usually of a rosette form. Dense bodies closely associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which are vesicular or tubular in appearance, are also encountered. The possible evolutionary aspects of skeletal muscle are considered.
The Prepubertal Hiatus in Gonadotropin Secretion in the Male Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatto) Does not Appear to Involve Endogenous Opioid Pep tide Restraint of Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release*

To examine the possibility that the prepubertal hiatus in gonadotropin secretion in primates is occasioned by an endogenous opioid peptide (EOP)-dependent suppression of pulsatile GnRH release, the ability of an EOP receptor antagonist, naloxone (NAL), to elicit GnRH release was examined indirectly in the rhesus monkey. For this purpose, six castrated male monkeys, aged 18-24 months, first received an intermittent iv infusion of GnRH (0.1 μg/min for 3 min every h) to enhance the responsiveness of the gonadotroph to endogenous GnRH. Acute and chronic blockade of EOP receptors with single bolus injections of NAL at three doses (0.2, 2.0, and 10 mg/kg BW) and a continuous infusion of the antagonist (2 mg/h for 36 h), respectively, failed to elicit significant increments in circulating concentrations of mean LH. In addition, changes in plasma LH concentrations during a chronic intermittent iv infusion of NAL (2 mg/kg BW every 6 h for up to 16 days) were unremarkable. Unequivocal discharges of LH, however, wer...
Thermal response of thin-film high-Tc superconductors to modulated irradiation

A one-dimensional analytical thermal model applied to thin-film high-7(. superconductors provides a convenient technique for calculating the bolometric response of these films to modulated irradiation. Significant features of the model include modulated radiative heating of the film, film/substrate and substrate/cold finger thermal boundary resistances, and Joule heating within the film. The calculated voltage response is in qualitative agreement with measured data, and exhibits the same trends as the data for all calculated frequencies. In a parametric study, the effects of varying substrate/cold finger thermal boundary resistance and substrate thickness are shown to be especially significant with regard to the responsivity at low frequencies.
Inflammation and inflammatory control in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: Associations with painful symptoms

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are known to play a role in chronic pain, from animal models and limited research in humans, but their role in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is unknown. Similarly, alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have been reported in some pain conditions. Our objectives were to identify inflammatory processes that might distinguish individuals with IC/BPS from healthy controls (HC) and to examine their associations with IC/BPS symptoms. Female participants (58IC/BPS patients and 28HCs) completed pain and urinary symptom questionnaires and collected saliva for cortisol as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to Pelvic Pain study. Inflammatory cytokines were assayed in plasma, and in TLR-2- and TLR-4-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Controlling for BMI and negative affect, between-group differences were analyzed by general linear models, and relationships between symptoms and inflammatory variables were analyzed by regression. Compared to HCs, IC/BPS patients had higher levels of plasma interleukin-6 (P=.040), greater interleukin-1β responsive to TLR-2 stimulation (P=.040), and flatter diurnal cortisol slopes (P=.010), indicating inflammatory dysregulation. In IC/BPS patients, inflammation after TLR-4 stimulation was associated with multiple symptoms, including genitourinary pain (P=.010), sexual pain (P=.002), and marginally with urinary symptoms (P=.068). Genitourinary pain severity (P=.008), frequency (P=.001), and pain with intercourse (P=.002) were strongly associated with TLR-4 inflammatory response. TLR-4 appears to play a central role in painful symptoms of IC/BPS patients, which may be linked to poor endogenous inflammatory control. These findings may help to identify new mechanisms in IC/BPS and lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase in neural and non-neural tissue in the medial geniculate body of the cat

Abstract The technique of retrograde degeneration has shown that acetylcholine esterase is present in both pre- and post-synaptic neurons in the medial geniculate body of cat. In sensory systems the enzyme activity is higher in cell groups than in adjacent fiber tracts. Butyrylcholine esterase is probably present in glial and vascular tissue as well as in neural tissue of the medial geniculate body, and is higher in the fiber tracts of the central nervous system than in most of the adjacent cell groups.