cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-periodic one-dimensional ideal conductors and integrable turbulence

Abstract To relate the motion of a quantum particle to the properties of the potential is a fundamental problem of physics, which is far from being solved. Can a medium with a potential which is neither periodic nor quasi-periodic be a conductor? That question seems to have been never addressed, despite being both interesting and having practical importance. Here we propose a new approach to the spectral problem of the one-dimensional Schrodinger operator with a bounded potential. We construct a wide class of potentials having a spectrum consisting of the positive semiaxis and finitely many bands on the negative semiaxis. These potentials, which we call primitive, are reflectionless for positive energy and in general are neither periodic nor quasi-periodic. Moreover, they can be stochastic, and yet allow ballistic transport, and thus describe one-dimensional ideal conductors. Primitive potentials also generate a new class of solutions of the KdV hierarchy. Stochastic primitive potentials describe integrable turbulence, which is important for hydrodynamics and nonlinear optics. We construct the potentials by numerically solving a system of singular integral equations. We hypothesize that finite-gap potentials are a subclass of primitive potentials, and prove this in the case of one-gap potentials.
Thermal Analyses of Polymers. VI. Thermal Depolarization Analysis (TDA)

Magill published some of the first work on the use of the hot-stage microscope for investigating the crystallization of polymers, particularly Nylon 66 (1,2). These isothermal crystallization studies were carried out in the temperature range of 160° to 250°C, after initially melting the polyamide at 300°C. His kinetic data agreed with that which had been published by other authors using other techniques for the study of the crystallization of this polymer.
Detectability of gravitational waves from binary black holes: Impact of precession and higher modes

Gravitational wave templates used in current searches for binary black holes omit the effects of precession of the orbital plane and higher-order modes. While this omission seems not to impact the detection of sources having mass ratios and spins similar to those of GW150914, even for total masses $Mg200\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, we show that it can cause large fractional losses of sensitive volume for binaries with mass ratio $q\ensuremath{\ge}4$ and $Mg100\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, measured in the detector frame. For the highest precessing cases, this is true even when the source is face-on to the detector. Quantitatively, we show that the aforementioned omission can lead to fractional losses of sensitive volume of $\ensuremath{\sim}15%$, reaching $g25%$ for the worst cases studied. Loss estimates are obtained by evaluating the effectualness of the SEOBNRv2-ROM double spin model, currently used in binary black hole searches, towards gravitational wave signals from precessing binaries computed by means of numerical relativity. We conclude that, for sources with $q\ensuremath{\ge}4$, a reliable search for binary black holes heavier than $Mg100\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ needs to consider the effects of higher-order modes and precession. The latter seems especially necessary when Advanced LIGO reaches its design sensitivity.
Studies in the Synthesis of Biaryl Natural Products: The 6,6′-Binaphthopyranones

Abstract Efficient and enantioselective syntheses of a family of 6,6′-binaphthopyranone natural products (viriditoxin, pigmentosin A, talaroderxine A, and talaroderxine B) are reported. A vanadium-catalyzed oxidative coupling provides the key axial chirality in high diastereoselectivity. A unified Michael–Dieckman annulation strategy allows for access to the coupling precursors from an orthogonally protected orsellinate ester and the requisite α,β-unsaturated pyranones, which are synthesized through various enantioselective strategies. Herein, we report the successful syntheses of these natural products and their use in our continued efforts in studying the bacterial cell division protein, FtsZ.
Sportsmanship. Multidisciplinary Perspectives

The purpose of Sportsmanship. Multidisciplinary Perspectives is to provide a multi-disciplinary, critical analysis of sport and in particular, to call attention to the relevance of sportsmanship in...
High Rate of Osteoarthritis After Osteochondritis Dissecans Fragment Excision Compared With Surgical Restoration at a Mean 16-Year Follow-up:

Background:Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a disorder of subchondral bone that causes adverse effects on the overlying cartilage and commonly affects the knee. The incidence of OCD and its long-...
mtDNA, Metastasis, and the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt)

While several studies have confirmed a link between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and cancer cell metastasis, much debate remains regarding the nature of the alternations in mtDNA leading to this effect. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has gained much attention in recent years, with most studies of this pathway focusing on its role in aging. However, the UPRmt has also been studied in the context of cancer. More recent work suggests that rather than a single mutation or alternation, specific combinatorial mtDNA landscapes able to activate the UPRmt may be those that are selected by metastatic cells, while mtDNA landscapes unable to activate the UPRmt do not. This review aims at offering an overview of the confusing literature on mtDNA mutations and metastasis and the more recent work on the UPRmt in this setting.
Geopolitics from Above: A Review of U.S.-Turkey Bilateral Relations, 1947-2006

This paper analyzes geopolitical changes and continuity in bilateral relations between Turkey and the United States from the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to the present. While the relationship was refer...
A rheostat tuning thymic selection.

Thymocytes must undergo positive selection to survive and differentiate. This process is regulated by the TCR-sensitive protein CHMPS by preventing Bcl2 oxidation and degradation.
Cyclin A-Kinase Binding to and Regulation of the Function of a Growth-Promoting Transcription Factor

Cyclin A function is required for a successful S phase of the mammalian cell cycle(Girard et al., 1991; Pagano et al., 1992; Zindy et al., 1992). In this role, it functions in complex with its cdk partner, cdk2 (Pines and Hunter, 1990), and it is the cyclin A-cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of selected target proteins at the appropriate time in the cell cycle which translates into the successful prosecution of its S phase function. This notwithstanding, there has been no clear understanding of the nature of critical cyclin A-cdk2 targets. Thus, the identification and functional characterization of physiologically relevant substrates of this enzyme remains a major problem, which must be solved if one is to understand, in detail, how cyclin A controls S phase progression.
Traveling the Third Place: Conferences as Third Places:

The purpose of this research study was to extend the concept of third places, as explained by Oldenburg, as being places designed as meeting places being dynamic rather than static. The primary sit...
Using Mobile, Wearable, Technology to Understand the Role of Built Environment Demand for Outdoor Mobility:

Walking outdoors requires navigating a complex environment. However, no studies have evaluated how environmental barriers affect outdoor mobility in real time. We assessed the impact of the built e...
NON-OPTIMALITY OF LIKELIHOOD RATIO TESTS FOR SEQUENTIAL DETECTION OF SIGNALS IN GAUSSIAN NOISE

Abstract This paper is motivated by two papers Selin [1964,1965] on the problem of the sequential detection of signals in normal noise. Selin's problem was to construct a decision procedure with given error probabilities and of minimal expected time for the hypotheses signal present and signal absent. Here, the behaviour of the likelihood ratio test used by Selin is re-examined. It is shown that this test need not be optimal.
Energy Generation in Parasitic Helminths

Antibiotic inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis generally have been without chemo-therapeutic effect in helminth diseases, since not only reproduction must be inhibited, but also the adult stage itself must be removed from the host. Many anthelmintics seem to act by altering motility. This is accomplished by affecting either neuromuscular transmission or metabolic energy generation. All parasitic helminths, and most of the parasitic protozoa, differ from their hosts metabolically in that they are not capable of oxidizing substrates completely to CO2 and H2O. All of them examined accumulate other end products, indicating the lack of, or a limited, terminal respiration. This applies to aerobic as well as to “micro-aerophillic” or “anaerobic” helminths, and is independent of the environment within the host. For example, Schistosoma mansoni and Brugia pahangi are both homolactate fermenters in spite of their aerobic environment in the host. Litomosoides carinii, on the other hand, is highly oxygen dependent for survival, but appears to use this oxygen for the single step oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetate. Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum has served as a model system for many other helminths, invertebrates, deep diving fish and mammals which accumulate succinate or products derived from succinate during their life cycles. It is now well established that succinate is formed via a pathway involving CO2 fixation into phosphoenolpyruvate followed by a mitochondrial dismutation reaction involving an oxidation to pyruvate and a reduction to succinate. The fumarate reductase reaction is coupled to an anaerobic electron transport associated generation of ATP. Some anthelmintic agents act by uncoupling this phosphorylation, while others appear to inhibit fumarate reductase and still others inhibit the uptake of substrates or affect the breakdown of glycogen. Recent studies will be described pertaining to additional possible sites of ATP generation in the Ascaris mitochondria. These include: (1) the anaerobic oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA; (2) reduction of the C5 unsaturated 2-methylcrotonate (tiglate) by NADH to form a major fermentation product of Ascaris metabolism, 2-methylbutyrate; and (3) a substrate level phosphorylation associated with the decarboxylation of succinate to propionate according to the following reactions:
Evaluating the biases and sample size implications of multi-day GPS-enabled household travel surveys

Abstract This research explores biases and samples size implications of a multi-day GPS-enabled household travel survey. The bias tests show significant differences both across survey days and across the data collection method, indicating the weakness of the GPS-only approach use in a subsample of this survey. The research goes on to examine the sample size implications of collecting additional survey days. It finds that the three-day Northeast Ohio sample is equivalent to a single-day sample between 26% and 64% larger. The framework provides a viable means of corrected the repeated measurement problem, and should be repeated using an unbiased survey.
Feasibility and Acceptability of e-Screening and Brief Intervention and Tailored Text Messaging for Marijuana Use in Pregnancy.

Abstract Background: There are at present no evidence-based interventions for marijuana use during pregnancy, despite it being by far the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy. Lack of t...
Delirium: Evaluation and Management

Delirium is associated with high morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs, and longer inpatient hospital length of stays. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence pertaining to the recognition, prevention, and management of delirium to help guide clinicians to make evidence-based decisions in patient care. Delirium is best managed with a multicomponent strategy using standardized tools for early recognition, such as the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), non-pharmacologic interventions including restoration of the natural sleep-wake cycle with environmental management of light and noise, facilitating early mobility, and providing assistive devices such as eyeglasses and hearing aids. Medical optimization includes recognizing and treating medical problems, ensuring adequate nutrition, avoiding excessive testing and lines/catheters, and avoiding polypharmacy. Despite widespread use, there are insufficient data to support the use of antipsychotics to prevent or treat delirium. A multicomponent strategy using a team-based approach to delirium recognition, prevention, and management employed consistently can improve patient care while reducing healthcare costs.
Supply chain sustainability in SMEs: an application of the Hayes and Wheelwright model and identifying stages of development using cluster analysis

Sustainability is a subject of increasing interest in supply chain management, but little is known about its practice in small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper uses survey data from SMEs to assess the current state of supply chain sustainability development in SMEs. This paper conceptualises a model of supply chain sustainability development based on Hayes and Wheelwright's four-stage operations development model. The posited model is empirically tested by applying cluster analysis to SME survey data. Four clusters (reactive sustainability, awareness sustainability, emergent strategic sustainability, and advanced strategic sustainability) were identified and tested to assess the current level of supply chain sustainability development and practices in SMEs. The model can serve as a progressive planning tool for sustainability development and strategies that impact performance in SMEs. The modified four-stage model also provides a type of scale with which managers of SMEs can measure their relative development of supply chain sustainability.
The Holocaust & (Bio-)Ethics Education: Setting the Context

Holocaust education is important for learning how healthcare has been leveraged to influence social change in the past and how it can be used to advocate for ethical social change in the future. By understanding how medical professionals became the social and political leaders of Nazi Germany, today’s health professionals can learn how to avoid unethical politicization. By understanding how early twentieth century discourse on medico-social issues used terms and language that are similar, if not the same, as today’s debates, proponents of different sides of these debates can understand the troubling subtexts and potential consequences of their – and the opposing side’s – positions.
High-Frequency Noise Peaks in Mo/Au Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor Microcalorimeters

The measured noise in Mo/Au transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters produced at NASA has recently been shown to be well described by a two-body electro-thermal model with a finite thermal conductance between the X-ray absorber and the TES. In this article, we present observations of a high-frequency peak in the measured current noise in some of these devices. The peak is associated with an oscillatory component of the TES response that is not predicted in a single-body model but can be qualitatively described by the two-body model.
Barriers to Mental Health Service Use and Predictors of Treatment Drop Out: Racial/Ethnic Variation in a Population-Based Study.

This study examines racial/ethnic differences in perceived need for mental health treatment, barriers to treatment receipt, and reasons for dropout. Data are from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies, a pooled dataset from three U.S. nationally-representative adult samples. Among respondents with a 12-month psychiatric disorder who received no treatment (N = 1417), Asians and Latinos reported lower perceived need than Blacks and Whites, and Latinos reported the fewest attitudinal barriers. Among those with a 12-month disorder who dropped out of treatment, Asians and Latinos gave more reasons for dropping out. Significant interactions of race/ethnicity with other characteristics identified subpopulations with high unmet need.
Conditional Survival in Heart Transplantation: An Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Database Analysis

Background Survival after heart transplantation is typically reported only in terms of overall survival. Conditional survival may provide prognostic information for patients after surviving a given period. This study sought to provide an analysis of conditional survival in heart transplantation. Methods Data from 29,000 patients who underwent heart transplantation between 2002 and 2016 were analyzed from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database, and 5-year conditional survival rates were calculated according to age, sex, race, renal function, and hepatic function at transplantation. Results As time from transplantation increased from 0 to 5 years, the 5-year observed conditional survival changed from 74% to 82% for ages younger than 40 years, 79% to 82% for ages 40 to 49, 79% to 78% for ages 50 to 60, and 75% to 70% for ages older than 60 at transplantation. Conditional survival peaked at 1 and 2 years after transplantation for most subgroups. In recipients younger than 40 years, men had slightly higher conditional survival than women (absolute difference, 3%-4%). In recipients older than 60 years, women had slightly higher conditional survival (absolute difference, 1%-4%). Black recipients had lower survival than white and Hispanic recipients for nearly all time points. Recipients younger than 40 years with the worst renal (65% to 88%) and hepatic function (66% to 83%) at transplantation experienced the largest increase in conditional survival. Conclusions The conditional survival of patients who undergo heart transplantation changes substantially over time. The largest increases in conditional survival are in young patients with impaired renal and hepatic function. Conditional survival can provide more accurate prognostic information for heart recipients who survive a given period after transplantation.
A ‘Ship in Trouble’: The Spanish Banking System in the Midst of the Global Financial System Crisis (2010–2012)

This chapter examines the subsequent impact of the economic crisis on the Spanish financial system after 2010, as well the banking bargains that ultimately led to the financial bailout. It focuses on the following variables: deteriorating economic conditions; the implosion of the real estate market; the dependence on wholesale funding; weaknesses in the regulatory framework; and the role of the Bank of Spain.
Individual and Social Network Factors Associated with High Self-efficacy of Communicating about Men’s Health Issues with Peers among Black MSM in an Urban Setting

Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV in the USA. BMSM face stigma, discrimination and barriers to health care access, and utilization. Peers (male or female) may assist BMSM in navigating their health issues by engaging in communication to support in their health care needs. Individuals with high self-efficacy of communicating about men's health issues with peers can be trained as community popular opinion leaders (CPOLs) to change peer behaviors by promoting risk reduction communication. We examined the characteristics associated with high self-efficacy of communicating with peers about men's health issues among 256 BMSM from a behavioral HIV intervention conducted in Baltimore, Maryland. In the multivariate logistic model, gay identity (AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.15,3.83), involvement in the house and ballroom community (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.14,5.49), larger number of network members who are living with HIV (AOR: 6.34, 95% CI: 1.48,27.11), and larger number of network members who would loan them money (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.05,2.03) were statistically significantly associated with high self-efficacy of communicating with peers about men's health issues. We also found that having depressive symptoms (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.77) was negatively associated with high self-efficacy of communicating with peers about men's health issues. Findings from the current study can inform future studies to identify better CPOLs who are able to communicate effectively with peers about men's health issues for BMSM.
Characterization and surface impact of paracetamol granules formed by binder dropping

Abstract Drug bioavailability and solubility is a constant challenge with pharmaceuticals. About 80% of drugs are administered orally because the method is cost effective and convenient. The challenge for scientists and engineers is to increase the efficiency of orally administered drugs. Most active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are administered in a drug formulation containing excipients or binders to prevent segregation; however, these additives can hinder drug dissolution and cause mild adverse effects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of a single excipient on the properties of paracetamol tablets or granules especially the cohesiveness of the granules. Testing also included developing paracetamol granules of similar size, shape, and weight for consistency and uniformity. Granules were formed by dropping aqueous binder solution onto a powder bed or binder dropping. The active pharmaceutical ingredient, paracetamol (APAP), served as the powder for the beds. From this investigation, an optimum number of drops were determined which resulted in a common granule shape and size while preventing spreading. Surface impact force analysis was conducted to test granule stability using free fall analysis at 12 and 24 inches. Compression resistance was analyzed and force measurements recorded. Binder dropping proved an efficient method of creating paracetamol granules. Granule size was affected by choice of excipient. Excipient selection also determined granule performance and stability.
Jefferson Lab Science: Present and Future

The continuous electron beam accelerator facility and associated experimental equipment at Jefferson Lab comprise a unique facility for experimental nuclear physics. This facility is presently being upgraded, which will enable a new experimental program with substantial discovery potential to address important topics in nuclear, hadronic, and electroweak physics. Further in the future, it is envisioned that the Laboratory will evolve into an electron-ion colliding beam facility.
Deploying an Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tool for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia Into Rural and Critical Access Hospitals: Utilization, Effect on Processes of Care, and Clinician Satisfaction.

PURPOSE Electronic clinical decision support (CDS) for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (ePNa) is associated with improved guideline adherence and decreased mortality. How rural providers respond to CDS developed for urban hospitals could shed light on extending CDS to resource-limited settings. METHODS ePNa was deployed into 10 rural and critical access hospital emergency departments (EDs) in Utah and Idaho in 2018. We reviewed pneumonia cases identified through ICD-10 codes after local deployment to measure ePNa utilization and guideline adherence. ED providers were surveyed to assess quantitative and qualitative aspects of satisfaction. FINDINGS ePNa was used in 109/301 patients with pneumonia (36%, range 0%-67% across hospitals) and was associated with appropriate antibiotic selection (93% vs 65%, P < .001). Fifty percent of survey recipients responded, 87% were physicians, 87% were men, and the median ED experience was 10 years. Mean satisfaction with ePNa was 3.3 (range 1.7-4.8) on a 5-point Likert scale. Providers with a favorable opinion of ePNa were more likely to favor implementation of additional CDS (P = .005). Satisfaction was not associated with provider type, age, years of experience or experience with ePNa. Ninety percent of respondents provided qualitative feedback. The most common theme in high and low utilization hospitals was concern about usability. Compared to high utilization hospitals, low utilization hospitals more frequently identified concerns about adaptation for local needs. CONCLUSIONS ePNa deployment to rural and critical access EDs was moderately successful and associated with improved antibiotic use. Concerns about usability and adapting ePNa for local use predominated the qualitative feedback.
Progenitor mass distribution for 22 historic core-collapse supernovae

We infer the progenitor mass distribution for 22 historic core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) using a Bayesian hierarchical model. For this inference, we use the local star formation histories to estimate the age for each supernova (SN). These star formation histories often show multiple bursts of star formation; our model assumes that one burst is associated with the SN progenitor and the others are random bursts of star formation. The primary inference is the progenitor age distribution. Due to the limited number of historic SNe and highly uncertain star formation at young ages, we restrict our inference to the slope of the age distribution and the maximum age for CCSNe. Using single-star evolutionary models, we transform the progenitor age distribution into a progenitor mass distribution. Under these assumptions, the minimum mass for CCSNe is ${M_\textrm{min}}~=~8.60^{+0.37}_{-0.41} \ M_\odot$ and the slope of the progenitor mass distribution is $\alpha = -2.61^{+1.05}_{-1.18}$. The power-law slope for the progenitor mass distribution is consistent with the standard Salpeter initial mass function ($\alpha = -2.35$). These values are consistent with previous estimates using precursor imaging and the age-dating technique, further confirming that using stellar populations around SN and supernova remnants is a reliable way to infer the progenitor masses.
Geospatial Distribution of Pediatric Emergency Department and Urgent Care Patients’ Residences and Discharge Diagnoses after Hurricane Harvey

Purpose: Floods cause significant issues for citizens, authorities, and government agencies. Hurricane Harvey (HH) caused havoc in Texas in August 2017, as the third major flood to affect the city of Houston in 3 years. As clinics and medical resources are taxed, patients may rely on emergency departments (ED) and urgent care centers (UC). Infectious disease prevalence has been reported to increase after flooding events, but no study to date has specifically described the nature of pediatric visits. This study aims to describe the geospatial distribution of pediatric patients’ residences in the Houston area, and characterize their utilization of EDs and UCs before and after …
On generalized quantum scattering theory: Rayleigh scattering and Thomson scattering with a minimal length

Abstract In the quantum mechanical approach we study the minimal length effect on Rayleigh scattering and Thomson scattering. We modify the usual Hamiltonian for the motion of an electron in a quantized electromagnetic radiation field by utilizing deformed operators to get the Hamiltonian with a minimal length. We derive expressions for modified Rayleigh scattering and modified Thomson scattering. Using appropriate experimental inputs we get the upper bounds on the deformation parameter and minimal length. The upper bound on the minimal length is less than the electroweak scale.
Membrane-bound MMP-14 protease-activatable adeno-associated viral vectors for gene delivery to pancreatic tumors

Adeno-associated virus' (AAV) relatively simple structure makes it accommodating for engineering into controllable delivery platforms. Cancer, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), are often characterized by upregulation of membrane-bound proteins, such as MMP-14, that propagate survival integrin signaling. In order to target tumors, we have engineered an MMP-14 protease-activatable AAV vector that responds to both membrane-bound and extracellularly active MMPs. This "provector" was generated by inserting a tetra-aspartic acid inactivating motif flanked by the MMP-14 cleavage sequence IPESLRAG into the capsid subunits. The MMP-14 provector shows lower background transduction than previously developed provectors, leading to a 9.5-fold increase in transduction ability. In a murine model of PDAC, the MMP-14 provector shows increased delivery to an allograft tumor. This proof-of-concept study illustrates the possibilities of membrane-bound protease-activatable gene therapies to target tumors.
Wastewater Treatment through Ornamental Plants: A Review

This review deals with two untreated wastewater types, including domestic wastewater (in tourist destinations) and pharmaceutical industry wastewater, to shed light on the efficiency of constructed wetlands (CW). In mountainous areas, it has always been difficult to have a proper sewage treatment and disposal system for which a proper method is proposed in this paper. In CW, toxic materials should be removed from the water for which a surface CW layer is constructed. Ornamental plants (Canna flaccida, Zantedeschia aethiopica,and Canna indica)were used inthis study and they showed usefulness in reducing 80% of BOD (biological oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand). Carbamazepine is a pharmaceutical drug that is widely used and pollutes aquatic environments when it is discharged untreated. This problem can be solved by constructing a horizontal subsurface flow wetland in which the vertical subsurface flow in the wetland is considered and the wastewater is then stabilized in ponds. Three different ornamental species were used (Thypha latifolia, Iris sibirica,and Zantedeschia aethiopica) and their performance was explored on parameters like dissolved oxygen, pH, oxidation/redox potential (Eh) whose average mass removal was 62.5 ± 4.5% and 59.0 ± 4.5%, respectively. The results showed the amazing performance of the two former species. The ornamentals used to get the flowers for commercial production included Zantedeschia aethiopica, Strelitzia reginae, Anthurium andraeanum and Agapanthus africanus. After the system was supplied with the target wastewater, Zantedeschia aethiopica grew about 60 flowers and maintained a healthy outlook while other species grew large leaves, and some died due to the harsh environmental conditions. The reviewed data depicts that Canna indica gave great results for the BOD and COD removal with Z. aethiopica having the potential of giving a greater number of flowers while tolerating the weather conditions. However, for carbamazepine, two species that could take up the pollutants were found to be Iris sibirica and Zantedeschia aethiopica.
A study of Indiana University Health's spirit of inquiry and innovation during COVID.

Abstract Background COVID-19 has required nursing innovations to meet patient care needs not previously encountered. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe nursing innovations conceived, implemented, and desired during the first COVID-19 surge. Methods The investigators invited registered nurses employed across 16 Midwest hospitals (6,207) to complete the survey. Respondents provided demographics and written descriptions of innovations they conceived, witnessed, and desired. Investigators analyzed text responses using standard content analytic procedures and summarized quantitative demographics using percentages. Findings Nurses reported seven types of innovations that would (a) improve personal protective equipment (PPE), (b) limit the need to repeatedly don and doff PPE, (c) ensure safer practice, (d) conserve and access supplies, (e) provide patient and family education and support, (f) make team member communication more efficient, and (g) improve peer support. Discussion Nurses are in a unique position to generate innovative solutions to meet patient care needs under adverse and rapidly changing situations.
Boosting college prospects among low-income students: Using self-affirmation to trigger motivation and a behavioral ladder to channel it.

Access to college for students from low-income families is disproportionately low because of many factors. A targeted intervention that addresses social psychological factors is introduced in the present paper. It is hypothesized that the steps needed to go to college-applying for college and applying for financial aid-can be blocked by both psychological and behavioral friction. The psychological friction arises from the threats to self-integrity that low-income students experience when considering attending college. Behavioral friction takes the form of institutional and bureaucratic barriers that students must overcome to apply to college and for financial aid. Two interventions are tested separately and in combination to address these dual barriers. A self-affirmation intervention in which students wrote about important values aimed to alleviate threats to self-integrity; and a behavioral ladder intervention that provided a series of timely reminders or "nudges" and accompanying strategies to students through a mobile application (app) at key decision points along the college admissions process addressed behavioral friction. Students who received the behavioral ladder made further progress along the college admission pipeline based on official records, an effect that was apparent only in the affirmation condition. These results illustrate the efficacy of combining "wise" interventions to address discrete barriers, the importance of tailoring and timing intervention content to key points of friction, and the potential of mobile technology to facilitate both objectives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Change of heart, change of mind, or change of willpower? Explaining the dynamic relationship between experienced and perpetrated incivility change.

As organizational scholarship increasingly recognizes the dynamic nature of interpersonal stressors like workplace incivility, the present study investigates workplace incivility change and the mechanisms through which it affects employees. Whereas prior research demonstrates that employees who experience workplace incivility are likely to engage in similar behavior because of depleted self-control, the current investigation draws on Metcalfe and Mischel's (1999) dual-process model to examine additional affective and cognitive mechanisms underlying this dynamic process. We propose that interceding changes in negative affect and cognitive rumination also mediate the dynamic relationship between experienced and perpetrated incivility change. We test our predictions using latent change score modeling with data from 481 employees surveyed four times across 3 months. Results show that the relationship between experienced and perpetrated incivility change is driven by a change in negative affect and that the dynamic indirect effect via negative affect change is moderated by individual differences in psychological detachment. Implications for science and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Management of a penetrating injury to the carotid artery

A 59-year-old man presented to the trauma center with multiple stab wounds to his face, neck, chest, abdomen, bilateral arms, and bilateral hands. He did not complain of pain in any specific area of injury. The patient was able to state his name. His systolic blood pressure was 98 mm Hg, heart rate was 107 beats/min, and respiratory rate was 34 breaths/min with audible breath sounds bilaterally. There was a main 1.5 cm stab wound to his left neck posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the thyroid cartilage. No air was bubbling out of this nor any of his other cervical wounds. In addition, there was no associated bleeding, hematoma, palpable thrill, or audible bruit. His neurologic examination revealed that his Glasgow Coma Scale score was 15, and he did not have any lateralizing signs or focal deficits. His cranial nerve examination was intact. On abdominal examination, he did have tenderness in all four quadrants, but did not have peritonitis. His pulse examination was normal in all four extremities. Which clinical finding would NOT warrant immediate exploration in the operating room? 1. Positive focused abdominal sonogram for trauma (FAST) with hypotension 2. Pulsatile bleeding from the neck wound 3. Peritonitis on abdominal examination 4. Crepitus on chest palpation After blood was drawn for type and cross-match, two large bore intravenous catheters were inserted. A chest X-ray and an extended focused abdominal sonogram for trauma (eFAST) examination were performed. The chest X-ray did not show any abnormalities, and the eFAST was negative. The patient’s repeat systolic blood pressure was 113 mm Hg. Because he had a normal blood pressure, did not have hard signs of a vascular or aerodigestive injury in his neck, and did not have a positive FAST nor peritonitis on abdominal examination, he underwent a CT scan of his abdomen and pelvis with …
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Eddy Flux Measures of Heat and Momentum in the Roughness Sublayer Above a 30-m Douglas-Fir Forest

The validity of point measures of heat and momentum covariance fluxes within the roughness sublayer (z/z0 ~ 10) of a 30-m Douglas-fir forest is tested using three simultaneous measurements. Convergence of point flux measures to computed “ensemble” fluxes are used to determine the validity of point covariance measurements of heat and momentum transport. Sources of variation in measurements considered include the instrumentation, coordinate orientation, averaging period, covariance flux and mean flux. Results indicate longterm spatial differences in heat transport of 30 percent suggesting fetch-height requirements are greatly reduced compared to measurements over surfaces where z/z0 ≫ 100. The nondimensional wind shear and atmospheric stability indicate a highly varied momentum deficit compared to the expected relation found over uniform surfaces.
Mechanical compression elicits vasodilatation in rat skeletal muscle feed arteries

To date, no satisfactory explanation has been provided for the immediate increase in blood flow to skeletal muscles at the onset of exercise. We hypothesized that rapid vasodilatation is a consequence of release of a vasoactive substance from the endothelium owing to mechanical deformation of the vasculature during contraction. Rat soleus feed arteries were isolated, removed and mounted on micropipettes in a sealed chamber. Arteries were pressurized to 68 mmHg, and luminal diameter was measured using an inverted microscope. Pressure pulses of 600 mmHg were delivered for 1 s, 5 s, and as a series of five repeated 1 s pulses with 1 s between pulses. During application of external pressure the lumen of the artery was completely closed, but immediately following release of pressure the diameter was significantly increased. In intact arteries (series 1, n= 6) for the 1 s pulse, 5 s pulse and series of five 1 s pulses, the peak increases in diameter were, respectively, (mean ±s.e.m.) 16 ± 2, 14 ± 2 and 27 ± 3%, with respective times from release of pressure to peak diameter of 4.1 ± 0.3, 4.6 ± 0.7 and 2.8 ± 0.4 s. In series 2 (n= 9) the arteries increased diameter by 15 ± 2, 15 ± 2 and 30 ± 3% before and by 8 ± 1, 8 ± 1 and 21 ± 2% after removal of the endothelium with air. The important new finding in these experiments is that mechanical compression caused dilatation of skeletal muscle feed arteries with a time course similar to the change in blood flow after a brief muscle contraction. The magnitude of dilatation was not affected by increasing the duration of compression but was enhanced by increasing the number of compressions. Since removal of the endothelium reduced but did not abolish the dilatation in response to mechanical compression, it appears that the dilatation is mediated by both endothelium-dependent and -independent signalling pathways.
DCOPolis: a framework for simulating and deploying distributed constraint reasoning algorithms

The proliferation of mobile computers---such as laptops, personal digital assistants, and smart phones---has propelled distributed computing into mainstream society. Over the past decade these technologies have spurred interest in both decentralized multiagent systems and wireless mobile ad-hoc networks. Such networks, however, present many challenges to information sharing and coordination. Interference, obstacles, and other environmental effects conspire with power-and processing-limited hardware to impose a number of challenging networking characteristics. Messages are routinely lost or delayed, connections may be only sporadically available, and network transfer capacity is nowhere near that available on modern wired networks. It is therefore imperative to emphasize local decision making and autonomy over a centralized analogue, insofar as it is possible. The majority of such decentralized decision making can be seen as a fundamental problem of propagating and then solving systems of constraints, otherwise known as Distributed Constraint Reasoning (DCR).
Causes and Consequences of Discretionary Allocation of Corporate Income to Segments

Under a controversial provision of FAS 131, the sum of a company’s segment earnings need not equal corporate net income, nor is it required to equal any corporate earnings sub-total, such as operating income (however defined). We refer to the difference between summed segment earnings and corporate-level income, when it exists, as the ‘Gap’. This study examines the determinants and consequences of Gaps. The results suggest that Gaps shield segment-level managers from risk by excluding transitory income items from segment earnings, and by excluding income items arising from decisions not made at the segment level. We also find evidence that companies facing high proprietary costs and agency costs are likely to exhibit higher Gaps. We investigate the effects of signed Gaps by subtracting aggregated segment income from corporate income. When Gaps exist (corporate earnings differ from summed segment earnings), summed segment earnings is modestly more persistent than are corporate earnings. This difference appears to be attributable to negative Gaps. When negative Gaps exist, aggregated segment earnings are more informative (in terms of its association with concurrent stock returns) than are corporate earnings. Our results suggest that aggregated segment income is incrementally useful to investors when companies disclose negative Gaps.
Postmenopausal endometrial tuberculosis.

Abstract Six patients with postmenopausal tuberculous endometritis were treated at The New York Hospital between 1955 and 1970. Postmenopausal bleeding was the presenting symptom in 4 cases; 5 patients were foreign born and 4 patients had been delivered of normal children. The endometrium showed a mild hyperplasia in all cases, an unusual finding in the menopause. The method of treatment with antituberculosis drugs and operation, when indicated, is described. It is suggested that in women with postmenopausal bleeding who have a history of extragenital tuberculosis the curettage specimen should be carefully examined for tuberculosis by bacteriology as well as by histology.
The mass balance of McCall Glacier, Brooks Range, Alaska, U.S.A.; its regional relevance and implications for climate change in the Arctic

McCall Glacier has the only long-term mass-balance record in Arctic-Alaska. Average annual balances over the periods 1958–72 and 1972–93 were –15 and –33cm, respectively; recent annual balances (1993–96) are about –60 cm, and the mass-balance gradient has increased. For an Arctic glacier, with its low mass-exchange rate, this marks a significant negative trend. Recently acquired elevation profiles of McCall Glacier and ten other glaciers within a 30 km radius were compared with topographic maps made in 1956 or 1973. Most of these glaciers had average annual mass balances between –25 and –33 cm, while McCall Glacier averaged –28 cm for 1956–93, indicating that it is representative of the region. In contrast, changes in terminus position for the different glaciers vary markedly. Thus, mass-balance trends in this region cannot be estimated from fractional length changes at time-scales of a few decades. We developed a simple degree-day/accumulation mass-balance model for McCall Glacier. The model was tested using precipitation and radiosonde temperatures from weather stations at Inuvik, Canada, and Barrow, Kaktovik and Fairbanks, Alaska, and was calibrated with the measured balances. The Inuvik data reproduce all measured mass balances of McCall Glacier well and also reproduce the long-term trend towards more negative balances. Data from the other stations do not produce satisfactory model results. We speculate that the Arctic Front, oriented east–west in this region, causes the differences in model results.
Evaluation of glycosyl-glucose analytical methods for various glycosides

The accuracy of two methods for determination of glycosyl-glucose (GG) in grapes and wine has been tested using several glycoside standards containing alkyl, benzenoid, and phenolic aglycones. The total GG method using C-18 sorbent material was found to exhibit poor recoveries of benzenoid glycosides. The recoveries for the phenol-free GG method were satisfactory for alkyl and benzenoid glycosides. In addition, an adaption of the phenol-free GG method to 96-well microplate format has been demonstrated.
Alkali-resistant oxynitride glasses

Oxynitride glasses in the Si–Zr–Na–Li–K–B–O–N system have been produced via incorporation of Si3N4 into the glass structure. This system is the oxynitride analogue of commercially available alkali resistant (AR) glasses used for concrete reinforcement. Glasses with nitrogen contents up to approximately 4 at.% have been obtained. Hardness, fracture toughness, and chemical durability were found to increase with increasing nitrogen content. Fibers were drawn from the glasses containing approximately 4 at.% nitrogen and used to produce reinforced cement composites. The microstructure of the fiber-matrix interface was examined in these samples after aging and compared to that of oxide AR glass fiber-matrix interface. Measurement of the wetting behavior of aqueous solution as a function of the nitrogen content of the glass suggests that this difference in microstructure is the result of changes in physiochemical properties of the glass surface due to the incorporation of nitrogen into the glass structure.
Failure to thrive.

Failure to thrive is one of the most common diagnostic problems in pediatrics. The term is applied to describe a still poorly defined entity. We will define failure to thrive, review the frequency of various etiologies, and present a logical approach to this problem.
A modified Green's function determination of the conduction and insulator limit conductivities of the one-dimensional, half-filled band, Hubbard model

Abstract A modified Green's function determination of the conduction and insulator limit conductivities of the one-dimensional, half-filled band, Hubbard model is presented in a simplified version to avoid the difficulties which are encountered in some instances in utilizing commutator Green's functions in first order response determinations to external perturbations.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Composites with Interfacial Thermal Barrier Resistance

A modification of the original theories of Rayleigh and Maxwell permitted the deriva tion of expressions for the effective thermal conductivity of composites consisting of a continuous matrix phase with dilute concentrations of dispersions with spherical, cylin drical and flat plate geometry with a thermal barrier resistance at the interface between the components.
Letting Go: Forgiveness in Counseling

This article addresses current literature and practice in the application of forgiveness in therapy. The recent emphasis in counseling on this very old concept brings a refreshing dimension to help...
The Distributional Properties of Rasch Standardized Residuals

This study was concerned with an investigation of the distributional properties of the standardized residual that is commonly used in Rasch model calibration programs to develop various indices of ...