cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
European design trends in standard class F, AC motors

In 1963, an agreement in Europe (EEC and EFTA) was reached to designate output ratings to frame sizes as they are specified in IEC publication 72-1 and 72-2. With the 1963 document, the important motor producing countries agreed finally on an electric motor which had passed through the various development phases and at that time represented a design which generally could be agreed on. Figure 1 exemplifies the various development steps of electric motor building since 1900 relating to size and output. This relationship (framesize-output rating) has also been adopted by the East European countries (Comecon). For about 7 to 8 years, therefore, a three phase AC standard motor with squirrel cage rotor and IEC dimensions has existed in Europe for the framesize range 56 up to 315 (2⅝″ to 12½″) in protection mode IP-23 1 and IP-44.2 Further extension to the framesizes 355 and 400 is expected to take place during this year upon appearance of IEC publication 72-A. These European IEC standard motors have been fully accepted and adopted in the various areas of the industry. By means of this framesize-ouput rating relationship full exchangeability is obtained regardless of brand. Significant savings in stock keeping for all branches in the industry have been achieved. Due to national peculiarities of the different countries, insignificant deviations from this framesize-output rating relationship are detectable, notably for framesize 90 motors. This, however, does not lessen the advantages of this international standardization.
Lipolysosomes in Human Liver: Distribution in Livers With Fatty Infiltration

In this study we investigated whether lipolysosomes--lysosomes containing large lipid droplets--were present in livers of patients with various forms of hepatic injury. Organelles which displayed the same morphological characteristics and enzymatic activity as those originally described in the hamster and those found in the hepatocytes of patients with Wolman's or Wilson's disease were also found in hepatocytes of 13 of 14 randomly selected biopsy specimens from patients with minimal to severe fatty infiltration of the liver. The numbers and sizes of the lipolysosomes seemed to increase with the degree of fatty infiltration while their proportion in relation to the total number of lipid droplets remained below 5%. Based on these observations of a virtually constant association of lipolysosomes with excess lipid accumulation in liver cells we suggest that lysosomes probably play an important role in hepatic lipid metabolism and that various pathogenetic mechanisms may trigger their proliferation.
Total Artificial Hearts, LVADs or Nothing? And Muscle and Air-Powered LVADs

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) in 30% of cases have to be combined with RVADs. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has decided that preference be given to assist devices over total artificial hearts (TAHs). There is no scientific background for this and the right ventricle is the least difficult to make. In December 1982, Dr. Barney Clark received the first TAH meant for permanent use. Later, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decreed that TAHs could be used only as a bridge to transplantation. The FDA has revoked the Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) of Symbion, and no commercial TAH is available in the United States in 1992. Venture capitalists and large corporations are not interested in funding artificial heart research, since a return on their investment would take more than 3 years. Large companies are now refusing delivery of elastomers for fear of liability and lawsuits. Yet patients now dying from heart failure could be restored to a happy existence. The cost of implantation of a TAH would be less than the cost of dying slowly in an intensive care unit, if we make inexpensive polyurethane artificial hearts by thermoforming and radio-frequency welding. Together with Dr. Larry Stephenson’s group, our group is developing a skeletal-muscle-powered LVAD which, in the beginning, can be driven by compressed air. Starting on the operating table, the circulation of a seriously ill patient can be supported by compressed air until the muscle is trained and its blood supply is increased. With the use of a pressure amplification device, pressures of 30 mmHg generated by a skeletal muscle can be amplified to reach aortic pressures.
Thomas Appeals to “Workers” and “Progressives”

THE SOCIALISTS came out of their 1928 convention rejuvenated in spirit. A column written during the convention by one leader radiated confidence. Workingmen and women might be giving lip service to the prosperity god, wrote McAlister Coleman, but in their hearts they knew they were worshipping false images. He claimed that the Socialists spoke as “the sole interpreters and spokesmen for the great masses of America’s workers.” They therefore considered themselves to be, in the words of H. G. Wells, “watchers and guardians of the order of the world.” The coming political campaign would be one more engagement in the long battle for human freedom and happiness.1 The Convention had been enough “to make you hold up your head and stick out your chest and be all-fired proud of the fact that you are a Socialist.”2
The Evolution of Fault Tolerant Computing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and at UCLA: 1955 – 1986

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a research facility in Pasadena, California, that was founded by Professor Theodore von Karman of the California Institute of Technology as a test site in 1936 and was supported by the U.S. Army until October 1958, when it was transferred to the recently founded NASA, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The primary mission of JPL within the NASA structure is to develop unmanned interplanetary spacecraft and to conduct scientific investigations of the other planets of our solar system. Unmanned investigations of the Moon by Ranger spacecraft were the first step in the series of space exploration missions that have continued with the Mariner, Viking, and Voyager series of interplanetary spacecraft that thus far have reached Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus.
The Energetics and Convective Vigor of Mixed‐mode Heating: Velocity Scalings and Implications for the Tectonics of Exoplanets

The discovery of large terrestrial (~1 Earth mass (Me) to < 10 Me) extrasolar planets has prompted a debate as to the likelihood of plate tectonics on these planets. Canonical models assume classic basal heating scaling relationships remain valid for mixed heating systems with an appropriate internal temperature shift. Those scalings predict a rapid increase of convective velocities (Vrms) with increasing Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and non-dimensional heating rates (Q). To test this we conduct a sweep of 3-D numerical parameter space for mixed heating convection in isoviscous spherical shells. Our results show that while Vrms increases with increasing thermalRait does so at a slower rate than predicted by bottom heated scaling relationships. Further, the Vrms decreases asymptotically with increasing Q. These results show that independent of specific rheologic assumptions (e.g., viscosity formulations, water effects, lithosphere yielding), the differing energetics of mixed and basally heated systems can explain the discrepancy between different modeling groups. High temperature, or young, planets with a large contribution from internal heating will operate in different scaling regimes compared to cooler temperature, or older, planets that may have a larger relative contribution from basal heating. Thus, differences in predictions as to the likelihood of plate tectonics on exoplanets may well result from different models being more appropriate to different times in the thermal evolution of a terrestrial planet (as opposed to different rheologic assumptions as has often been assumed).
Obstruction-type Chip Breakers for Controllable Chips and Improved Cooling/Lubrication During Drilling – A Feasibility Study

During drilling, long stringy chips resulting from ductile plastic deformation of engineering materials cause severe chip clogging within the narrow helical flutes and edge chipping, leading to premature tool wear and breakage, poor tool life, poor hole quality and the productivity. Cutting fluid cannot efficiently access to the cutting edge that plays a vital role for improving machining performance. To address the localized heat and chip control issues during drilling, research was previously performed using conventional flood cooling, modified tool geometry, tool coating materials, and internal coolant via through hole(s). This works focuses on design and insertion of some obstruction-type chip breakers such as ribs and pins on the drill flutes and their influence on chip formation behavior. For feasibility experiments, small round pins made of stainless steel at a diameter of about 0.8-0.85 mm diameter are prepared and attached on the electro-discharge machined (EDM) blind holes on twisted drill flutes. By varying spindle speed and feed rate, drilling experiments are performed on two engineering materials including Al6061 and Inconel 625 superalloys at four cutting conditions. Most chips are found to be broken and some split into two fractions due to the pins. Force and power values with pin-inserted drill bits were found to be reduced from 5-9%. This finding indicates that there is a good potential to implement such obstruction-type chip-breakers on the drill flutes for obtaining controllable chip while also improving coolant flow at the cutting edge through the tiny tool-chip interface.
Strategies for obstacle avoidance during walking in the cat

Avoiding obstacles is essential for successful navigation through complex environments. This study aimed to clarify what strategies are used by a typical quadruped, the cat, to avoid obstacles during walking. Four cats walked along a corridor 2.5 m long and 25 or 15 cm wide. Obstacles, small round objects 2.5 cm in diameter and 1 cm in height, were placed on the floor in various locations. Movements of the paw were recorded with a motion capture and analysis system (Visualeyez, PTI). During walking in the wide corridor, cats' preferred strategy for avoiding a single obstacle was circumvention, during which the stride direction changed while stride duration and swing-to-stride duration ratio were preserved. Another strategy, stepping over the obstacle, was used during walking in the narrow corridor, when lateral deviations of walking trajectory were restricted. Stepping over the obstacle involved changes in two consecutive strides. The stride preceding the obstacle was shortened, and swing-to-stride ratio was reduced. The obstacle was negotiated in the next stride of increased height and normal duration and swing-to-stride ratio. During walking on a surface with multiple obstacles, both strategies were used. To avoid contact with the obstacle, cats placed the paw away from the object at a distance roughly equal to the diameter of the paw. During obstacle avoidance cats prefer to alter muscle activities without altering the locomotor rhythm. We hypothesize that a choice of the strategy for obstacle avoidance is determined by minimizing the complexity of neuro-motor processes required to achieve the behavioral goal.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a study of feline locomotor behavior we found that the preferred strategy to avoid a small obstacle is circumvention. During circumvention, stride direction changes but length and temporal structure are preserved. Another strategy, stepping over the obstacle, is used in narrow walkways. During overstepping, two strides adjust. A stride preceding the obstacle decreases in length and duration. The following stride negotiating the obstacle increases in height while retaining normal temporal structure and nearly normal length.
Surgery and definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer and impact of transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

6055 Background: TORS is an emerging modality for oropharyngeal cancer. However, many patients require adjuvant therapy based on high-risk pathologic findings. We compared control rates of TORS to ...
Financial frictions and productivity: Evidence from Mexico

Abstract Mexico exhibits a level of financial development much lower than other Latin American and upper middle income countries. I quantify the aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) losses from resource misallocation arising from financial frictions in Mexico, using a standard model of credit-constrained entrepreneurs with heterogeneous productivities, and detailed, publicly available, data on the entire universe of Mexican establishments. The implied TFP losses are 10%, which represent 23% of the observed TFP gap between Mexico and the United States. The results suggest that the standard model captures well the role of bank credit in allocating capital across small and medium sized firms, but potentially misses the role of equity markets in financing investments by the largest firms.
Optimization of display viewing distance for human observers in the noise-limited case

In the pursuit of fully-automated display optimization, the US Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) is evaluating a variety of approaches, including the effects of viewing distance and magnification on target acquisition performance. Two such approaches are the Targeting Task Performance (TTP) metric, which NVESD has developed to model target acquisition performance in a wide range of conditions, and a newer Detectivity metric, based on matched-filter analysis by the observer. While NVESD has previously evaluated the TTP metric for predicting the peak-performance viewing distance as a function of blur, no such study has been done for noise-limited conditions. In this paper, the authors present a study of human task performance for images with noise versus viewing distance using both metrics. Experimental results are compared to predictions using the Night Vision Integrated Performance Model (NV-IPM). The potential impact of the results on the development of automated display optimization are discussed, as well as assumptions that must be made about the targets being displayed.
“la manière de Milton”: Baudelaire Reads Milton’s Satan

This chapter examines the aesthetic and cultural shift represented in Baudelaire’s appropriation of Milton’s Satan. Baudelaire embodies a post-Romantic response to society not in the figure of Satan but in an aesthetic form of Satanism, a litany and programmatic religious expression. It examines T.S. Eliot’s comparison of Milton and Baudelaire for the insight it provides into the unique paradox of the latter’s turn to poetic ritualism. It then looks closely at several images from Le Paradis Perdu that Chateaubriand’s translation reimagines for his time—original sin as moral and bodily disease, the Adamic curse as war, and post-lapsarian existence as sleepwalking. This chapter also speaks to the emergence of secularism in the nineteenth century: the progression of literary aesthetics moving toward European modernism.
Design, innovation, and rural creative places: Are the arts the cherry on top, or the secret sauce?

Objective Creative class theory explains the positive relationship between the arts and commercial innovation as the mutual attraction of artists and other creative workers by an unobserved creative milieu. This study explores alternative theories for rural settings, by analyzing establishment-level survey data combined with data on the local arts scene. The study identifies the local contextual factors associated with a strong design orientation, and estimates the impact that a strong design orientation has on the local economy. Method Data on innovation and design come from a nationally representative sample of establishments in tradable industries. Latent class analysis allows identifying unobserved subpopulations comprised of establishments with different design and innovation orientations. Logistic regression allows estimating the association between an establishment’s design orientation and local contextual factors. A quantile instrumental variable regression allows assessing the robustness of the logistic regression results with respect to endogeneity. An estimate of design orientation at the local level derived from the survey is used to examine variation in economic performance during the period of recovery from the Great Recession (2010–2014). Results Three distinct innovation (substantive, nominal, and non-innovators) and design orientations (design-integrated, “design last finish,” and no systematic approach to design) are identified. Innovation- and design-intensive establishments were identified in both rural and urban areas. Rural design-integrated establishments tended to locate in counties with more highly educated workforces and containing at least one performing arts organization. A quantile instrumental variable regression confirmed that the logistic regression result is robust to endogeneity concerns. Finally, rural areas characterized by design-integrated establishments experienced faster growth in wages relative to rural areas characterized by establishments using no systematic approach to design.
Microprocessors in Data Acquisition Systems for Process Control

Microprocessors have brought about major changes in the field of data acquisition systems and process control. A compilation has been produced of the impact microprocessors have had on data acquisition systems including sensors, acquisition circuitry and control units, process control including methodologies, measurable parameters and means of physical action and the integration and automation of acquisition and control including the realm of possibilities, practical limitations, actual applications and possibilities for future implementations. A practical viewpoint has been applied to all of these areas with an emphasis less on the theoretical and more on sources of specific, hard information. Based upon the wide availability of hard information and the obvious growth in microprocessor technology and capabilities the importance and growth of microprocessor based systems seems assured.
The Suitability of reclaimed agricultural lands along the lower Colorado River for native Riparian habitat restoration

The purpose of this paper is to determine the suitability of agricultural lands for use in native riparian restoration efforts under development for the Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program. Assuming these fields are productive for crops, would they be productive for cottonwood-willow restoration? There are two aspects to consider: (1) the edaphic conditions required for three major LCR agricultural crops; alfalfa, cotton, and wheat, and (2) whether those conditions are consistent with the conditions required for the restoration of native LCR riparian habitat, primarily Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and Goodding willow (Salix gooddingii). Using the case study research approach for nine proposed conservation areas, the edaphic factors considered include: (a) depth to groundwater, (b) soil moisture, (c) salinity, (d) pH, and (e) soil texture. As a result of this study, one conservation area was found to be suitable for cottonwood-willow restoration. However, the edaphic conditions evaluated represent only a gross winnowing of the data. There is a need for more refined data to more accurately assess the suitability of the other proposed conservation areas.
Effects on DNA: Transforming Principle

Genetic transformation in bacteria involves the transfer of hereditary determinants from ruptured or lysed cells of one strain to a recipient strain which then develops characteristics of the donor cell line. It was this experiment which led to the discovery that DNA is the carrier of heritable properties (Avery et al., 1944). DNA can be purified and stored and will confer the specific properties soon after being incorporated by recipient cells. DNA from transformable bacteria is particularly suited for studies of mutagenesis for it is quite stable and its genetic characteristics can be assayed relatively precisely.
The Disproportionate Costs of Forming LLCs VS. Corporations: The Impact on Small Firm Liability Protection

The LLC is increasingly the ownership form of choice by nascent small business owners as it has some advantages over corporations and sole proprietorships and partnerships. Despite its advantages, some states have higher filing fees for LLCs than for corporations. Some states have significantly higher filing fees than other states for both LLCs and corporations. As a result, emerging companies are often discouraged from seeking liability protection, or they seek a corporation, reducing the flexibility that could be provided with an LLC. Our research shows that the disproportionate cost of starting an LLC is related to the percentage of LLCs formed in comparison with corporations. This can have significant implications to small business owners since they may be choosing ownership forms that are not advantageous to their particular venture strictly based on initial filing costs. These state policy decisions may lead to long-term tax revenue loss within states with higher filing fees.
Administration of a CD31-Derived Peptide Delays the Onset and Significantly Increases Survival From Lethal Graft-Versus-Host Disease

The CD31 monoclonal antibody, LYP21, binds to the CD31 domain 6 and inhibits the human mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in a specific and dose-dependent fashion. A synthetic CD31 peptide based on human CD31 epitope (amino acids 551 to 574) recognized by LYP21 is equally effective in inhibiting the MLR. In this study, we used the murine homolog of CD31 peptide 551 to 574 and a control peptide to study the role of CD31 molecule on T-cell activation. In vitro, CD31 peptide inhibited the MLR across several major and minor histocompatibility differences in a specific and dose-dependent fashion, similar to the results observed in the human system. Maximal inhibition was achieved at a dose of 200 μg/mL. In the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assay, CD31 peptide inhibited CTL responses by 97%. To study the in vivo effect of this peptide, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) across minor histocompatibility barriers was induced in the B10.D2 (H-2d) → BALB/c (H-2d) model. BALB/c recipients received CD31 peptide (100 μg/d), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or control peptide (100 μg/d) intraperitoneally (IP) for the first 5 weeks. CD31 peptide delayed onset of graft-versus-host disease and significantly increased long-term survival. Twelve of 14 mice receiving CD31 peptide survived more than 100 days after transplantation, as compared with none of 10 mice receiving PBS and none of five mice receiving control peptide ( P = .0001). Long-term engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow was documented in all transplanted mice by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of microsatellite region in the interleukin (IL)-1β gene. Our data suggest that the CD31 molecule has an important functional role in T-cell activation in vitro and in vivo.
Membrane-Bound and Soluble Tissue Factor - Fuse and Fire Extinguisher.

A circulating form of tissue factor (TF) has been suggested to have an important role in clot growth, and a soluble TF protein lacking the transmembrane domain (sTF) has been described. We have evaluated the potential role of TF in contributing to clot growth using numerical, synthetic plasma and whole blood models. In these studies we differentiate the influence of membrane-bound (mbTF) and sTF 218 on thrombin generation. In previous studies we have shown that thrombin generation consists of an initiation phase (IP), a propagation phase and a termination phase. During the IP, complex enzymes are assembled leading to the robust thrombin generation. Initiation with 5 pM mbTF in numerical simulations yields an IP of thrombin generation spanning ~240 s, a maximum rate of thrombin generation (v max ) of 2 nM/sec and a maximum level of active thrombin (IIa max ) of 275 nM. No change in the IP and limited decreases in the v max and IIa max are observed when the mbTF is electronically nullified 240 s after the initiation of the reaction. No thrombin generation is observed when mbTF is removed at 0 s or 10 s post initiation. In synthetic plasma −2 μM phospholipid and 5 pM mbTF- the IP is 240 s, v max is 2.6 nM/s and IIa max is 300 nM. Quenching of TF activity at 240 s post initiation, accomplished using a mixture of monoclonal anti-TF and anti-factor VII(a) antibodies, has no effect on these parameters. No thrombin generation is observed over 840 s when antibodies are added to the reaction mixture at 0 s. Contact pathway-inhibited whole blood clotted in 253 s after the addition of 5 pM mbTF. This clotting time was only slightly extended by the addition of antibodies at 60–240 s after the initiation of the reaction. No clot was observed in 1000 s when antibodies were added to blood at 0 s. These data indicate that a functional, mbTF is essential for the initiation of thrombin generation but is not required for the propagation of the process during which factor X activation is largely governed by the factor VIIIa/factor IXa complex. We hypothesized that sTF 218 should act as a competitive inhibitor by binding factor VIIa in an inactive complex and effectively decreasing the concentration of the mbTF/factor VIIa complex. In synthetic plasma −2 μM phospholipid and 5 pM mbTF-, the addition of 10 nM TF 218 extends the IP by 120 s. A further increase in TF 218 to 40 nM prolongs the IP by 220 s. No thrombin generation is observed in the absence of mbTF, with or without 100 nM TF 218 . The v max and IIa max during the propagation phase are barely affected by the presence of 10–40 nM TF 218 consistent with primary factor Xa generation by the factor VIIIa/factor IXa complex during this phase of the reaction. Similar results were obtained in numerical simulations using TF 218 as a competitive inhibitor of factor VIIa/mbTF complex formation. These data indicate that sTF acts as an inhibitor of thrombin generation by inhibiting the formation of the mbTF/factor VIIa complex. Collectively our data identify mbTF as the “fuse” and sTF as the “extinguisher” of the “coagulation explosion”.
A New Dual-band FSS with Stable Frequency Responses

In this letter, a new dual-band frequency selective surface (FSS) with stable frequency responses at each band is presented. The proposed structure is designed by cascading complementary screens that are separated by a thin dielectric substrate. The proposed FSS is composed of new swastika patch and aperture elements resulting in two stable bands of operation. The designed FSS shows highly stable filtering characteristics for different polarization modes and different incident angles, and remains excellently stable as the incident angle reaches 70°. In addition, the new FSS shows sharp roll-off characteristics at C- and X-bands, respectively.
Girls’ Relational Aggression: A Small Group Intervention:

An elementary school counseling department used data-informed practices in an effort to provide more effective school counseling services. This article provides a summary and evaluation of a girls’...
Vascular Emergency of the Head and Neck

Vascular emergencies involving the orbits, face, and neck are relatively uncommon compared to cerebrovascular emergencies. Many are related to traumatic or iatrogenic injuries. Severe sinonasal, orbital, or otogenic infections can lead to vascular compromise such as ICA occlusion, mycotic pseudoaneurysm, or venous thrombophlebitis. Carotid blowout is a rare but potentially lethal complication of head and neck tumor. Vascular malformations such as carotid-cavernous fistula, thrombosed orbital varix, and mandibular AVM will also be discussed.
Privacy Concerns on Expungement Laws in the Digital World

Millions of Americans wear a life-long "badge of shame" as a consequence of a lapse in judgment leading to a criminal conviction, especially in the digital era. Currently, there is a variation in expungement laws across the states which can cause uncertainty for the ex-offender with regards to employment and leaves questions unanswered about disclosure requirements. Additionally, while an expungement order may state that the criminal records cannot be publicly disclosed by a government entity, it says nothing about non-government sources, such as data brokers. Currently there is no regulation for data brokers around dissemination of criminal records, more specifically expunged records. This can be a collateral consequence for an individual with a criminal record and create a barrier for them in moving forward towards successful rehabilitation and reintegration back into society. There are several recommendations based upon the research that would help to improve the ex-offender's reintegration back into society as a productive citizen. One of the more effective ways would be to clarify some of the uncertainty identified. Courts and law enforcement could be more proactive with providing information on expungement opportunities. The federal government could look to develop more regulation around data brokers in how they access, maintain, update and disseminate their criminal records. The courts, local, state and federal could also look at how they disseminate their criminal records to ensure accuracy. Ex-offenders deserve another chance. Society as a whole needs to support and assist ex-offenders to get back on their feet so they can be productive citizens. It is time to improve our expungement statutes and rip off that digital "badge of shame."
Free fall of homogeneous and heterogeneous cones

The late stage of the freefall of homogeneous and heterogeneous cones and the induced flow are studied using three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry and three-dimensional particle image velocimetry. Results showed four distinct patterns modulated by the degree of heterogeneity and specific gravity. They included straight fall, sinusoidal-like trajectories, inclined translations with large rotations, and tumbling followed by an irregular motion.
Incorporating telehealth into health service psychology training: A mixed-method study of student perspectives:

ObjectiveTelehealth is increasingly recognized as an avenue for enhancing psychologists’ capacities to meet the mental health needs of a diverse and underserved (due to barriers e.g., distance, tra...
Quantifying cardiac sympathetic denervation: first studies of 18F-fluorohydroxyphenethylguanidines in cardiomyopathy patients

4-18F-Fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine (18F-4F-MHPG) and 3-18F-fluoro-p-hydroxyphenethylguanidine (18F-3F-PHPG) were developed for quantifying regional cardiac sympathetic nerve density using tracer kinetic analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate their performance in cardiomyopathy patients. Eight cardiomyopathy patients were scanned with 18F-4F-MHPG and 18F-3F-PHPG. Also, regional resting perfusion was assessed with 13N-ammonia. 18F-4F-MHPG and 18F-3F-PHPG kinetics were analyzed using the Patlak graphical method to obtain Patlak slopes Kp (mL/min/g) as measures of regional nerve density. Patlak slope polar maps were used to evaluate the pattern and extent of cardiac denervation. For comparison, “retention index” (RI) values (mL blood/min/mL tissue) were also calculated and used to assess denervation. Perfusion polar maps were used to estimate the extent of hypoperfusion. Patlak analysis of 18F-4F-MHPG and 18F-3F-PHPG kinetics was successful in all subjects, demonstrating the robustness of this approach in cardiomyopathy patients. Substantial regional denervation was observed in all subjects, ranging from 25 to 74% of the left ventricle. Denervation zones were equal to or larger than the size of corresponding areas of hypoperfusion. The two tracers provided comparable metrics of regional nerve density and the extent of left ventricular denervation. 18F-4F-MHPG exhibited faster liver clearance than 18F-3F-PHPG, reducing spillover from the liver into the inferior wall. 18F-4F-MHPG was also metabolized more consistently in plasma, which may allow application of population-averaged metabolite corrections. The advantages of 18F-4F-MHPG (more rapid liver clearance, more consistent metabolism in plasma) make it the better imaging agent to carry forward into future clinical studies in patients with cardiomyopathy. Trial registration: Registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT02669563). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02669563
Rule-Based Approach to the Automatic Detection of Individual Tree Crowns in RGB Satellite Images

Along with the rapid growth of wildfire events around the globe, the appeal to a better forest management strategy is becoming increasingly stronger recently. “Tree Delineation”, which refers to the process of identifying each individual tree from images, is a crucial element in the fields of forest management and remote sensing. Many efforts have been done to locate each individual tree in an image, but the vast majority of the researches were not based on the RGB images that are the most common and the most easily available at a large scale. In our study, we used RGB satellite images from Google Earth and attempted to identify each tree in the images with a rule-based methodology. Our method involves steps including recognizing vegetation, isolating trees, and locating local maxima. The result of our algorithm is comparable to labeling trees manually, and the robustness was confirmed by repeating the same approach on multiple images of different locations.
Recruitment of RGS5 Protein to Mechanically Activated AT1R in Arteriolar VSMC

Ligand-independent activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) contributes to pressure-induced vasoconstriction. Thus, stretch/mechanical activation of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptors (AT1R) likely mobilizes second messengers (e.g. Ca2+ and diacylglycerol) leading to constriction through ion channel activation and/or PKC-dependent Ca2+ sensitization or actin polymerization. As enhanced pressure-induced constriction may contribute to vascular disorders, mechanoactivation of AT1R is likely regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. This study explored whether regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins, key molecules for the negative regulation of GPCR signaling, are co-localized with mechanically activated AT1R in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). An in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) was performed with or without candesartan, an AT1R blocker, in cremaster arteriolar VSMC. VSMC were treated with Ang II or hypotonic solution to determine if ligand dependent- or independent-activati...
Giant rugae with normal overlying mucosa simulating gastric neoplasm: report of a case.

Summary 1.A case is presented in which giant, but otherwise normal, gastric folds simulated carcinoma of the stomach. 2.It is necessary to differentiate such cases from those in which there is marked inflammation. 3.Gastroscopy with visual observation plus biopsy provides a means by which this distinction may be made.
Ultrasonic intra-body networking: Interference modeling, stochastic channel access and rate control

We consider the problem of designing optimal network control algorithms for distributed networked systems of implantable medical devices wirelessly interconnected by means of ultrasonic waves, which are known to propagate better than radio-frequency electromagnetic waves in aqueous media such as human tissues. Specifically, we propose lightweight, asynchronous, and distributed algorithms for joint rate control and stochastic channel access designed to maximize the throughput of ultrasonic intra-body area networks under energy constraints. We first develop (and validate through testbed experiments) a statistical model of the ultrasonic channel and of the spatial and temporal variability of ultrasonic interference. Compared to in-air radio frequency (RF), human tissues show a much lower propagation speed, which further causes unaligned interference at the receiver. It is therefore inefficient to perform adaptation based on instantaneous channel state information (CSI). Based on this model, we formulate the problem of maximizing the network throughput by jointly controlling the transmission rate and the channel access probability over a finite time horizon based only on a statistical characterization of interference. We then propose a fully distributed solution algorithm, and through both simulation and testbed results, we show that the algorithm achieves considerable throughput gains compared with traditional algorithms.
Productive and abortive infections of simian and nonsimian cells with a simian adenovirus SV15. I. Microscopic observations.

Abstract The uptake and development of simian adenovirus SV15 in rhesus monkey and hamster kidney cells was followed by light and electron microscopy. Uptake of virus particles was noted in both cell systems after virus inoculation. Sequential nuclear changes were observed only in SV15-infected monkey cells. These changes included the early appearance of eosinophilic inclusions, followed by the formation of basophilic inclusions, then nuclear vacuolation, and finally nuclear distortion. Progeny virus particles were seen in the infected nuclei of monkey cells as early as 14 hours postinfection. In hamster cells, on the other hand, an abortive growth cycle developed after infection by this virus. Only eosinophilic inclusions were observed in the infected hamster cells, Progeny virus particles could not be found even at 40 hours postinoculation, at which time complete cellular degeneration occurred. Formation of eosinophilic inclusions in hamster cells appeared to be induced by the infectious virus, but not by the noninfectious virus preparations.
A comparison of grid-type map-building techniques by index of performance

An index of performance (IOP) designed to quantitatively express the match between a sensor-built map and a precisely measured reference map is introduced. The IOP computes a single value representing the correlation between the sensed object positions in the grid and the actual object positions. With the IOP, it is easy to compare the accuracy of different map-building methods as well as the effect of different parameters within a certain method. Two grid-type map-building algorithms were compared by means of the proposed IOP. One algorithm takes panoramic snapshots while the mobile robot is standing and uses a probabilistic distribution to update the grid. The other algorithm, called histogramic in-motion mapping, is based on rapid sampling of the sensors during motion. >
Exophiala Pneumonia Presenting with a Cough Productive of Black Sputum

Exophiala species are black, yeast-like molds that can cause subcutaneous cysts as well as disseminated disease. Isolated pneumonia due to Exophiala species is extremely uncommon. We report a case of isolated Exophiala pneumonia in a patient with bronchiectasis who presented with worsening dyspnea and a cough productive of black sputum. The production of black sputum, known as melanoptysis, is an uncommon physical finding with a limited differential diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Exophiala pneumonia presenting with a cough productive of black sputum.
Second-Order Linear Differential Equations

The discussion of Chap. 13 has clearly singled out ODEs, especially those of second order, as objects requiring special attention because most common PDEs of mathematical physics can be separated into ODEs (of second order). This is really an oversimplification of the situation. Many PDEs of physics, both at the fundamental theoretical level (as in the general theory of relativity) and from a practical standpoint (weather forecast) are nonlinear, and the method of the separation of variables does not work. Since no general analytic solutions for such nonlinear systems have been found, we shall confine ourselves to the linear systems, especially those that admit a separated solution.
Relative osmotic effects of raffinose, KCl, and NaCl across basolateral cell membrane

Lumen-collapsed segments of rabbit S2 proximal tubule were bathed in isotonic medium and then exposed acutely to a medium made hypertonic by the addition of raffinose, NaCl, KCl, Na gluconate, K gluconate, or choline Cl. The result was a rapid efflux of water and a shrinking of the tubule, which could be measured by video techniques within the first 0.1 s. After reequilibration in isotonic medium, each tubule was then exposed to a second hypertonic medium to provide a direct comparison between two different solutes, either NaCl vs. KCl or raffinose vs. any one of the other solutes. Because raffinose is impermeant across the basolateral cell membrane, the ratio of its effect to that of another solute is a measure of the reflection coefficient (sigma) of that other solute. The following results were obtained: sigma KCl = 0.70 +/- 0.02, sigma K gluconate = 0.97 +/- 0.07, sigma Na gluconate = 0.84 +/- 0.06, and sigma choline Cl = 0.75 +/- 0.06. We previously have reported sigma NaCl = 0.56 +/- 0.07. If sigma ...
Load-Carrying Capacities of Simply Supported Rectangular Plates

The upper and lower bounds on the load-carrying capacities of simply supported rectangular plates with uniformly distributed loads are obtained. The usefulness of Tresca’s yield condition in a problem lacking radial symmetry is demonstrated.
Incremental-dose effects of atropine on photic afterdischarge

Photically evoked afterdischarges (PhAD) recorded from the visual cortex are thalamically coupled hyper synchronous patterns known to be sensitive to changes in level of behavioral arousal. In the present study, parameters of PhAD patterns were examined in lightly restrained rats following incremental injections of various dosages of atropine sulfate. Low doses of atropine increased PhAD occurrence, whereas high doses of atropine suppressed the elicitation of this pattern as compared to saline- and methyl-atropine-treated control animals. A low level of atropine is hypothesized to reduce or stabilize reticular activation of thalamic and cortical neuron pools, thus generating a level of excitation compatible with pronounced PhAD elicitation. Conversely, asynchronous electrocortical patterns produced by high levels of atropine are associated with a physiological substrate that precludes the development of hypersynchronous PhAD bursts.
Another Brick in the Wall

Beginning architectural studies at Cambridge in the fall of 1960, I was presented with what in retrospect was one of the most didactic of “New Brutalist” buildings, the new extension to 1 Scroope Terrace designed by Colin (Sandy) St. John Wilson and Alex Hardy and completed two years earlier. Reyner Banham opined that “into this relatively small building were poured most of the intellectual aspirations of the Wilson, Smithson generation.”1 A two-story cube, with thirteen-inch thick brick walls, exposed concrete floor slabs, wood and tubular steel details, and a beton brut projection pulpit sculpted like a van Doesburg axonometric, it seemed to realize everything that the Smithsons’ unbuilt Soho house of 1952 aspired to be. Carefully proportioned according to Le Corbusier’s Modulor, it was also a living memory of the neoPalladian, pre-Brutalist moment that was influenced briefly by Rudolf Wittkower’s publication of Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism in 1949. And a living memory at that, with lectures from Leslie Martin, founder of Circle and friend of Naum Gabo, Antoine Pevsner, and Ben Nicholson, and design criticisms from Wilson and
Water interactions with varying molecular states of bovine casein: 2H NMR relaxation studies

The caseins occur in milk as spherical colloidal complexes of protein and salts with an average diameter of 1200 A, the casein micelles. Removal of Ca2+ is thought to result in their dissociation into smaller protein complexes stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and called submicelles. Whether these submicelles actually occur within the micelles as discrete particles interconnected by calcium phosphate salt bridges has been the subject of much controversy. A variety of physical measurements have shown that casein micelles contain an inordinately high amount of trapped water (2 to 7 g H2O/g protein). With this in mind it was of interest to determine if NMR relaxation measurements could detect the presence of this trapped water within the micelles, and to evaluate whether it is a continuum with picosecond correlation times or is associated in part with discrete submicellar structures with nanosecond motions. For this purpose the variations in 2H NMR longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of water with protein concentration were determined for bovine casein at various temperatures, under both submicellar and micellar conditions. D2O was used instead of H2O to eliminate cross-relaxation effects. From the protein concentration dependence of the relaxation rates, the second virial coefficient of the protein was obtained by nonlinear regression analysis. Using either an isotropic tumbling or an intermediate asymmetry model, degrees of hydration, v, and correlation times, tau c, were calculated for the caseins; from the latter parameter the Stokes radius, r, was obtained. Next, estimates of molecular weights were obtained from r and the partial specific volume. Values were in the range of those published from other methodologies for the submicelles. Temperature dependences of the hydration and Stokes radius of the casein submicelles were consistent with the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions represent the predominant forces responsible for the aggregation leading to a submicellar structure. The same temperature dependence of r and v was found for casein under micellar conditions; here, the absolute values of both the Stokes radii and hydrations were significantly greater than those obtained under submicellar conditions, even though tau c values corresponding to the great size of the entire micelle would result in relaxation rates too fast to be observed by these NMR measurements. The existence of a substantial amount of trapped water within the casein micelle is, therefore, corroborated, and the concept that this water is in part associated with submicelles of nanosecond motion is supported by the results of this study.
Abridgment of centralized control of system operation

This paper considers the application of centralized control of system operation of the Public Service Electric and Gas Company in New Jersey. A brief history of events leading to the installation of supervisory system operation is given, with a detailed description of the apparatus and the methods used to carry out the indications, together with a statement as to what is being accomplished in improving the service.