cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TREATING CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR: Is the Bang Worth the Buck?

Andrews and colleagues showed that the principles of Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) effectively reduced recidivism. The purpose of this study was to advance Andrews and colleagues’ work by examining whether correctional services that adhered to RNR were more expensive than services that did not adhere to RNR. Articles included in the Andrews et al. (1990) meta-analysis of correctional services were gathered and reevaluated based upon a coding process which emphasized the maximum cost of service provision. Results indicated that appropriate correctional services (services that adhered to RNR) were not significantly more expensive than inappropriate correctional services (services that did not adhere to RNR) or traditional criminal sanctions. Also indicated was a practical cost difference between appropriate and inappropriate correctional services, where inappropriate correctional services had increased costs, possibly because of increased time of service provision. The implications of these findings for policy and correctional administrative decision making with regard to offender treatment are discussed.
Calcium current activation and charge movement in denervated mammalian skeletal muscle fibres.

1. Calcium current (ICa) activation was studied in denervated extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres of the rat. Denervation was performed by surgically removing 6-8 mm of the sciatic nerve at the sciatic notch. Controls were normal fibres from non-operated rats. Electrical recordings were carried out using the double Vaseline-gap technique. 2. Current-voltage (I-V) curves showed that the ICa amplitude increased during the first 4-6 days after denervation and subsequently decreased during the second week. Between days 4 and 6 after denervation, the peak ICa amplitude (at 0 mV) was -5.9 +/- 0.5 microA/microF (mean +/- S.E.M.) as compared with -4.8 +/- 0.3 microA/microF in normal fibres. Between days 14 and 15 after denervation, the ICa amplitude was -2.9 +/- 0.4 microA/microF. 3. The time constant of ICa activation (tau a) was significantly increased by denervation. At 0 mV, tau a in normal fibres was 44.8 +/- 1.4 ms. Between 4 and 6 days after denervation tau a was 58.1 +/- 4.8 ms, and between 14 and 15 days after denervation, 55.8 +/- 3.8 ms. 4. The time constant of deactivation (tau d) decreased after denervation. At -10 mV, the tau d in normal fibres was 103.4 +/- 14 ms. The value decreased to 74.5 +/- 8.6 and 74.0 +/- 17 ms between days 4 and 6 and days 14 and 15 of denervation respectively. 5. Charge movement (Qon) was reduced progressively without major changes in the steepness (k) and position on the voltage axis of the Qon-Vm relationship. The fitted parameters under control were Qmax = 15.4 nC/microF, mid-point potential Vq1/2 = -25.2 mV and k = 11.9 mV. Between days 14 and 15 of denervation, the values for Qmax, Vq1/2 and k were 6.7 nC/microF, -36.8 mV and 11.3 mV respectively. 6. Calcium permeability (PCa) in normal and denervated fibres at stages during denervation was calculated according to the Hodgkin-Huxley model. At 0 mV PCa was 1.24 x 10(-5) cm/s in normal fibres, and 7.43 x 10(-6) cm/s after 2 weeks of denervation. 7. The m infinity-Vm relationship was shifted to more positive potentials after denervation without significant changes in the steepness factor k. The V1/2 value in normal fibres was -4.4 mV, and 5.8 mV after two weeks of denervation. 8. The ICa sensitivity to nifedipine was not modified in the different groups of denervated fibres studied. With 10 microM-nifedipine, the 1-(ICa in nifedipine/ICa control) relationships were 0.74 +/- 0.03 in normal fibres and 0.76 +/- 0.12, 14 days after denervation.
Kainate activation of horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the rabbit retina

Patterns of excitation in populations of retinal bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells were mapped by activating a-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA) receptors with KA in the presence of the channel-permeant guanidinium analogue 1-amino-4-guanidobutane (AGB). Registered serial thin sections were probed with immunoglobulins targeting AGB, glutamate, glycine, and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to visualize KA-evoked responses and the neurochemical signatures of distinct cell types. OFF-center cone bipolar cells and both type A and type B horizontal cells were strongly activated by KA. ON-center cone bipolar cells displayed weak AGB signals that arose at least partially, if not entirely, from coupling with KA-responsive glycinergic amacrine cells, whereas rod bipolar cells exhibited no detectable AGB permeation after KA activation. GABA-positive amacrine cells displayed a range of KA responses, some possessing little AGB signal even after strong KA activation, whereas all identifiable glycine-positive amacrine cells were driven by KA. Quantitative agonist responsivities of cells in the ganglion cell layer revealed that starburst amacrine cells are the most KA-responsive cell type in that layer. Ganglion cells varied in KA responsivity across morphologic subtypes, with a large a-like ganglion cell group the being the most KA responsive. Some ganglion cells displayed weak KA responses, even with saturating doses, that may have been be due to an absence of AMPA/KA receptors or to the existence of AGB-impermeant AMPA/KA receptor complexes. J. Comp. Neurol. 407:65‐76, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: a-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors; kainate
The Proceedings of the California Stem Cell Agency

The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) is a state agency charged with accelerating stem cell research through the dispersal of $3 billion in funds for stem cell research. CIRM is partnering with Stem Cells Translational Medicine to launch the Proceedings of the California Stem Cell Agency, a monthly series of commentaries, articles, interviews, webinars, forums, and concise reviews on a wide range of topics in regenerative medicine.
Mechanical properties of protein‐stabilized starch‐based supercritical fluid extrudates

Abstract Mechanical properties of starch‐based supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) extrudates were correlated to their structure. Thermosetting ingredients were added to the feed and the extrudate was dried to set the expanded structure. Compared to whey protein concentrate with 34% protein (WPC‐34), addition of egg white (EW) gave a softer skin and a fragile but well formed cellular structure. For drying between 70 and 100 °C, the overall structure was more homogenous for EW added. A higher modulus was associated with a larger number average of sides in a cell face and higher percentage of closed cells. Ashby's model (1983) for non‐food cellular solids gave a good fit to our data for relating relative compressive modulus to relative bulk density. A linear regression model indicated that bulk density alone was a good predictor of mechanical strength.
Learned value magnifies salience-based attentional capture

Visual attention is captured by physically salient stimuli (termed salience-based attentional capture), and by otherwise task-irrelevant stimuli that contain goal-related features (termed contingent attentional capture). Recently, we reported that physically nonsalient stimuli associated with value through reward learning also capture attention involuntarily (Anderson, Laurent, & Yantis, PNAS, 2011). Although it is known that physical salience and goal-relatedness both influence attentional priority, it is unknown whether or how attentional capture by a salient stimulus is modulated by its associated value. Here we show that a physically salient, task-irrelevant distractor previously associated with a large reward slows visual search more than an equally salient distractor previously associated with a smaller reward. This magnification of salience-based attentional capture by learned value extinguishes over several hundred trials. These findings reveal a broad influence of learned value on involuntary attentional capture.
Migmatites, Melting, and Metamorphism

This is a praiseworthy collection of papers that illustrates the great range of interests necessary to understand migmatite genesis. The strength of the collection lies in its broad approach to the study of migmatites and its emphasis on the link between “igneous” and “metamorphic” processes. From the point of view of an igneous petrologist it is important to have a firm understanding of the melting process before considering the tectonic significance of voluminous felsic magmas as expressions of their sources at depth (see the work W. S. Pitcher in this volume for reviews on the diversity of granitic rock types), magma chamber stratigraphy, or volatile evolution. Many of the papers written by metamorphic petrologists in this volume give significant clues to such an understanding by providing fundamental constraints of pressure-temperature regimes, fluid evolution, elemental buffering, and thermal evolution of continental crust that is undergoing melting.
Hope or hype--cytokine therapy in ERCP-induced pancreatitis.

Abstract In a single-center study from Belgium, Deviere et al. reported the use of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 10 as prophylaxis against ERCP-induced pancreatitis. One hundred forty-four patients undergoing ERCP were randomized to receive either a placebo (group 0) or a single i.v. injection of 4 μg/kg (group 1) or 20 μg/kg (group 2) of IL-10 in a double-blinded manner. Seven patients were excluded on an intention to treat or per protocol basis. The primary endpoint of the study was the effect of IL-10 on serum hydrolases (amylase and lipase) measured at 4, 24, and 48 h after ERCP. Hyperhydrolasemia was defined as an increase in amylase and/or lipase levels more than three times normal values. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate changes in plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis [TNF] serum levels) and the incidence of clinical acute pancreatitis. This was defined as hyperhydrolasemia associated with new or worsened abdominal pain persisting for more than 4 h after ERCP. The three groups were comparable for number of patients (groups 0, 1, and 2 consisted of 45, 48, and 44 patients, respectively) as well as for age, sex, underlying disease, indication for treatment, and baseline plasma levels of C-reactive protein, cytokines, and hydrolases. The authors found no significant difference in serum C-reactive protein, cytokine, and hydrolase plasma levels between the groups after ERCP. Overall, 43 of the 137 study patients developed hyperhydrolasemia. These were distributed as follows: 18 (40%) in group 0, 14 (29%) in group 1, and 11 (25%) in group 2 ( p = 0.297, nonsignificant). Overall, 19 patients (of the entire study population) developed acute clinical pancreatitis and were distributed as follows: 11 (24.4%) in group 0, five (10.4%) in group 1, and three (6.8%) in group 2 ( p = 0.038). Two severe cases were observed in the placebo group. Logistic regression identified three independent risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: IL-10 administration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22–0.96, p = 0.039), pancreatic sphincterotomy (OR = 5.04, 95% CI = 1.53–16.61, p = 0.008), and acinarization (OR = 8.19, 95% CI = 1.83–36.57, p = 0.006). The authors conclude that a single i.v. dose of IL-10 30 min before the procedure independently reduces the frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
The Optimized bunch compressor for the international linear collider

The International Linear Collider (ILC) utilizes a two stage bunch compressor (BC) that compresses the RMS bunch length from 9 mm to 200 to 300 micrometers before sending the electron beam to the Main Linac. This paper reports on the new design of the optimized BC wiggler. It was reduced in length by more than 30%. The introduction of nonzero dispersion slope in the BC wigglers enabled them to generate the required compression while having a small synchrotron radiation emittance growth, a tunability range of over a factor of 2 in each wiggler, and less than 3% RMS energy spread throughout the entire system.
The Biblical Story of Moses: Lessons in Leadership for Business

Executive Summary Although classical literature has served as a lens for examining leadership in organizations, leadership studies in business, for the most part, have ignored the Bible. In our paper, we aim to fill this gap by exploring the story of Moses and examining the lessons that business scholars and practitioners can learn from this biblical narrative. The leadership of Moses is worth study because the insights that managers will gain may be useful to them in introducing and navigating needed organizational changes and in confronting challenges. In addition, Moses' leadership deserves consideration because such an inquiry will advance our understanding of the various theories and models of leadership. Towards these ends, this paper investigates the leadership of Moses from its beginnings in the royal court of Pharaoh, through the Exodus and the wanderings of the Hebrews in the wilderness, to the loss of that leadership by his failure to adapt his style of leadership to new conditions.
A unified MOSFET channel charge model for device modeling in circuit simulation

In this paper, we present a simple and accurate MOSFET channel charge model for device modeling in circuit simulation. The model can guarantee good continuities and smooth transitions of charge, capacitance, current, and transconductance from subthreshold to strong inversion with a unified analytical expression, and agrees with the experimental data well at various process and bias conditions from subthreshold and strong inversion, including the moderate inversion region of growing importance for low-voltage/power circuits.
Biosynthesis of l-Ascorbic Acid and Conversion of Carbons 1 and 2 of l-Ascorbic Acid to Oxalic Acid Occurs within Individual Calcium Oxalate Crystal Idioblasts

L-Ascorbic acid (AsA) and its metabolic precursors give rise to oxalic acid (OxA) found in calcium oxalate crystals in specialized crystal idioblast cells in plants; however, it is not known if AsA and OxA are synthesized within the crystal idioblast cell or transported in from surrounding mesophyll cells. Isolated developing crystal idioblasts from Pistia stratiotes were used to study the pathway of OxA biosynthesis and to determine if idioblasts contain the entire path and are essentially independent in OxA synthesis. Idioblasts were supplied with various (14)C-labeled compounds and examined by micro-autoradiography for incorporation of (14)C into calcium oxalate crystals. [(14)C]OxA gave heavy labeling of crystals, indicating the isolated idioblasts are functional in crystal formation. Incubation with [1-(14)C]AsA also gave heavy labeling of crystals, whereas [6-(14)C]AsA gave no labeling. Labeled precursors of AsA (L-[1-(14)C]galactose; D-[1-(14)C]mannose) also resulted in crystal labeling, as did the ascorbic acid analog, D-[1-(14)C]erythorbic acid. Intensity of labeling of isolated idioblasts followed the pattern OxA > AsA (erythorbic acid) > L-galactose > D-mannose. Our results demonstrate that P. stratiotes crystal idioblasts synthesize the OxA used for crystal formation, the OxA is derived from the number 1 and 2 carbons of AsA, and the proposed pathway of ascorbic acid synthesis via D-mannose and L-galactose is operational in individual P. stratiotes crystal idioblasts. These results are discussed with respect to fine control of calcium oxalate precipitation and the concept of crystal idioblasts as independent physiological compartments.
Analysis and simulation of five-phase variable-speed induction motor drives under asymmetrical connections

In this paper, a dq model based on transformation theory for five-phase induction machines is presented. A detailed implementation of an indirect-type five-phase field-orientation control including the hysteresis-type pulsewidth modulation (PWM) current regulator is described. A method for continuous and disturbance-free operation of a five-phase field-oriented-controlled induction motor drive with complete loss of one, two, or even three legs of the inverter or motor phases is described. A complete analysis and computer simulation of this control technique is included.
Positive and negative pretrial publicity: The roles of impression formation, emotion, and predecisional distortion.

The authors investigated the effects of exposure to pretrial publicity (PTP) on impression formation, juror emotion, and predecisional distortion. Mock jurors read news articles containing negative (antidefendant) PTP or positive (prodefendant) PTP or unrelated articles. One week later, they viewed a videotaped murder trial and then made decisions about guilt. Jurors’ emotions were measured three times during the experiment: before exposure to PTP, immediately after exposure to PTP, and immediately following the trial. Exposure to both positive and negative PTP significantly affected verdicts, perceptions of defendant credibility, emotion (anger and positive emotions), and predecisional distortion. Defendant’s credibility, jurors’ emotions, and predecisional distortion significantly mediated the effect of PTP on guilt ratings.
Cartilage and Bone

Cartilage has a solid and comparatively firm consistency, although it is not as rigid as bone. In adult humans it functions most importantly as a shock absorber in joints and prevents collapse ofsome tubular structures such as the airway. It also serves in the fetus as the model upon which many ofthe long bones are later built, and it allows rapid growth of these structures as they mature.
Comparison of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin film properties prepared by thermal evaporation of elemental metals and binary sulfide sources

Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) thin films have been prepared by thermal evaporation of elemental copper and binary sulfides of zinc and tin. Stacked precursor layers on corning glass substrates were thermally evaporated followed by sulfurization at 560°C under H 2 S flow to fabricate CZTS films. Six different sequences of stacked layers were studied. Structural, compositional, and morphological characterizations of the resulting films were carried out by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Electrical and optical properties were measured via Hall effect, van-der Pauw technique and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Our study showed that the best quality films were obtained with ZnS/Cu/SnS 2 stacking order of the precursor layers. Details of film fabrication and comparative study of the film properties are discussed. Further study of all the film properties and their corresponding photovoltaic response is presently under investigation and will be reported.
The Gullah People and Their African Heritage

The Gullah People and Their African Heritage. William S. Pollitzer. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999.298 pp.
Endotoxin-induced mortality is related to increased oxidative stress and end-organ dysfunction, not refractory hypotension, in heme oxygenase-1-deficient mice.

Background—Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is an enzyme that degrades heme to generate CO (a vasodilatory gas), iron, and the potent antioxidant bilirubin. A disease process characterized by decreases in vas...
Physical Activity in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Parents' Perspective

Background. Physical activity (PA) is vital for the management of weight among those with Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS). However, little is known about characteristics of PA in individuals with PWS. Objective/Hypothesis. To assess from the parent’s perspective, PA levels among individuals with PWS, their preferences for specific activities, and perceived benefits, barriers, and resources needed to participate in PA. Methods. Participants were 90 parents and caregivers of a child with PWS, predominantly in California. Survey questions included their child’s participation in different PAs, perceived benefits and barriers to enrolling their child in a PA program, and perceived needs to facilitate their child being physically active. Results. Walking was the predominant PA, representing 66% of the activity time across all age groups. Children 10-17 years old engaged in more moderate intensity PA per week than children 5-10 years old. Children 5-10 years old engaged in more vigorous PA than those 18+ years old. Parents reported that they would be encouraged to enroll their child in a PA program if it would improve their children’s motor skills and balance (78.2%) as well as stamina and strength (74.4%). Time commitment and travel were most common barriers. Less financial constraints (70.1%) and having more time (54.7%) were listed as needs. Conclusions. Similar to individuals without PWS, vigorous PA declines with age. It is recommended that caregivers and health care providers emphasize the role of vigorous and bone-strengthening PA as children with PWS approach adolescence.
Anti-CCR4 antibody enhances anti-tumor immunity by modulating tumor-infiltrating Tregs in an ovarian cancer xenograft animal model (VAC12P.1121)

Recent experimental and clinical data demonstrate that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are recruited to the tumor site where they can suppress tumor-specific immunity. Increasing evidence indicates that Treg recruitment to the tumor is mediated by the production of chemokine CCL22, a ligand of chemokine receptor CCR4, by tumor cells and tumor resident macrophages. Therefore, blocking Treg migration and function through CCL22/CCR4 axis may have therapeutic value in cancer treatment. With a mouse model bearing CCL22-secreting ovarian xenograft and tumor-specific T cells, we assessed the therapeutic effect of human anti-CCR4 antibody mAb2-3 to block or modulate immunological axes involved in tumor immune evasion. CCR4 expression was demonstrated at a high level on functional CD4 + CD25 + Tregs and T cell proliferation was restored by removal of CCR4 + Tregs in vitro . In vivo examinations showed isotyping of mAb2-3 had marked effects on its mode of action: mAb2-3 IgG1 results in Treg depletion whereas IgG4 blocks in vivo chemotactic migration to CCL22-secreting ovarian cancer (OVC) cells without Treg depletion. The mAb2-3-treated mice bearing OVC xenograft and tumor-primed T cells showed the ability to inhibit Treg recruitment and resulted in potent anti-tumor immunity. The results revealed that depletion of Tregs and blockade of Treg recruitment through mAb2-3 IgG1 and IgG4, respectively, could reverse Treg suppression and improve cellular immunity against tumors.
Acid hydrolase activity in osteoarthritic and normal human cartilage.

As an index of lysosomal enzyme activity in cartilage from twenty osteoarthritic and twelve normal joints, the acid phosphatase activity was determined and correlated with the histochemical-histological grading of the severity of the arthritis. The activity was increased four to five times normal in the arthritic cartilage with a positive correlation between activity and severity of the disease and was also increased in the cartilage of the osteophytes, possibly due to immaturity. This finding supports current concepts of the role of lysosomal enzymes in osteoarthritis.
Brief Amici Curiae of 133 Academic Authors in Support of HathiTrust Digital Library

The HathiTrust digital library contains over 7.3 million potentially in-copyright books. The complaint in this case has demanded that the court impound the in-copyright books in this repository and enjoin the use of all 7.3 million of these books, although the Authors Guild and its co-plaintiffs have identified only 116 works in which they claim to hold copyrights. Relying on an exceptionally broad conception of associational standing, the plaintiffs have asserted an entitlement to litigate this case and to attain injunctive relief that goes far beyond what the law allows.The Authors Guild’s broad theory of associational standing is wrong for two reasons. First, the Copyright Act itself prohibits suits by non-rightsholders. The Guild does not claim to hold such an interest in its members’ copyrights; the district court therefore correctly held that the Authors Guild does not have associational standing to bring broad claims of infringement under the Act. Second, the Authors Guild’s theory of standing violates prudential limits on associational standing that have been developed carefully by courts over time. Article III courts have prohibited third party associations from pursuing claims when those claims would require more than the limited participation of individual association members. Because the works in the HathiTrust corpus likely implicate the rights of a very large number of third parties — including ourselves, co-authors, publishers, and other transferees — it would take involved participation by individual association members to prove who holds the rights in the works which the Guild claims to represent. Academic authors — whose works are likely more typical of those in the HathiTrust corpus than works of the Authors Guild and its members — would be harmed by the outcome that the Authors Guild seeks because we typically benefit from HathiTrust, both because it makes our books more accessible to the public than ever before and because we use HathiTrust in conducting our own research. HathiTrust’s fair use defense is more persuasive to us than the Authors Guild’s theory of infringement. If granted, the Guild’s request for an injunction to stop HathiTrust from making its corpus available would directly harm academic author interests. In short, a “win” for the Authors Guild would be a “loss” for academic authors. This divergence in the interests of academic authors and of the Guild and its members, which may also affect the fair use calculus, is an additional reason why this Court should limit the Guild’s standing to the copyrights it actually holds.
Regional Patterns of Elevated Alpha and High-Frequency Electroencephalographic Activity during Nonrapid Eye Movement Sleep in Chronic Insomnia: A Pilot Study

Study objectives To examine nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in insomnia using high-density electroencephalography (EEG). Methods All-night sleep recordings with 256 channel high-density EEG were analyzed for 8 insomnia subjects (5 females) and 8 sex and age-matched controls without sleep complaints. Spectral analyses were conducted using unpaired t-tests and topographical differences between groups were assessed using statistical non-parametric mapping. Five minute segments of deep NREM sleep were further analyzed using sLORETA cortical source imaging. Results The initial topographic analysis of all-night NREM sleep EEG revealed that insomnia subjects had more high-frequency EEG activity (> 16 Hz) compared to good sleeping controls and that the difference between groups was widespread across the scalp. In addition, the analysis also showed that there was a more circumscribed difference in theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) power bands between groups. When deep NREM sleep (N3) was examined separately, the high-frequency difference between groups diminished, whereas the higher regional alpha activity in insomnia subjects persisted. Source imaging analysis demonstrated that sensory and sensorimotor cortical areas consistently exhibited elevated levels of alpha activity during deep NREM sleep in insomnia subjects relative to good sleeping controls. Conclusions These results suggest that even during the deepest stage of sleep, sensory and sensorimotor areas in insomnia subjects may still be relatively active compared to control subjects and to the rest of the sleeping brain.
The Genus Tydeus: Subgenera and Species Groups with Descriptions of New Species (Acarina: Tydeidae)

The genus Tydeus Koch is revised. The subgeneric structure is discussed, and 3 subgenera are used: AFROTYDEUS , n. subg.; PERTYDEUS Andre & Naud.; and TYDEUS s. str. The following new species are described : T. kenyensis, T. meyerae, T. nicaraguensis, T. argentinensis, T. mumai, T. australensis, T. georgiensis, T. costaricensis, T. oregonensis, T. mississippiensis, T.africanus, T. taiwanensis, T. Iambi, T. costensis, T ricensis, T. turrialbensis , and T. chilensis . Some other previously known species are discussed.
Free and Apparent Amino Acids in Deproteinized Plasma of Normal and Uremic (Nephrectomized) Dogs.

Summary1. Microbiological assay procedures were found to be applicable to the determination of free amino acids in depro-teinized plasma but only in the absence of interfering substances. The apparent (relative) values obtained in the presence of interfering substances were shown to be meaningful but only when determined over a wide range of concentration of plasma filtrates. 2. It was concluded that the concentration of some free amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, ly-sine, phenylalanine. proline, serine and val-ine) was not significantly different but that of some apparent amino acids was higher (ar-ginine and glycine) and others (methionine and threonine) lower in the deproteinized plasma of uremic (nephrectomized) compared to normal dogs.
The Green Wall: Nature, Liberty and Yevgeny Zamyatin's Dystopian Frame

In this paper I shall first argue that historically, external nature has been profoundly associated with the idea of human liberty in many ways, but that this association receded from mainstream philosophical acceptance after the rise of Newtonian science. However, I maintain that these nature-liberty associations do not vanish from political thought, but instead are transplanted predominantly into a new cultural form arising in direct parallel alongside the development of modern science and industry: the literature of utopias and dystopias. Accordingly, I relate this genre to the current debate about the compatibility of a strong environmental politics with the core assumptions of liberal democratic theory, focusing especially on the significance of dystopian thought. After illustrating the pervasiveness with which external nature is seen as a stimulus to human freedom and transformation in dystopias, I give a reading of perhaps the most primal source of 20th century dystopian works, Yevgeny Zamyatin's novel We (1924), with its symbolism of the Green Wall separating the rigid political community of OneState from the disruptive flux of nature. Pointing to the ways in which Zamyatin's imagery and plot devices cast nature as both a symbol of spontaneity and as an operator opposing the reductive instrumentalization of life manifest in such industrial philosophies as Taylorism, I conclude by cashing out the possible implications of such connections for the green/liberal debate.
Summary of application of DICOM technology in PACS system

The PACS plays an important role in modern hospital's rapid informationization development,and DICOM is the standard of medical image format and medical image transmission protocol in PACS.This paper illuminates the current situation of the PACS system based on DICOM standard at home and abroad,elaborates the PACS system by its application classification,and makes a classification study on the PACS's application in DICOM as well as discusses the outlook of DICOM used in PACS.
Progressive phases in the group therapy of exhibitionists.

(1970). Progressive Phases in the Group Therapy of Exhibitionists. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 163-169.
Development and characterization of dual-release poly(D,L-lactide-co- glycolide) millirods for tumor treatment

In recent years, minimally invasive treatments of solid tumors, such as image-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation, have emerged as a powerful alternative therapy to surgery for patients with unresectable tumors. One major limitation of RF ablation is frequent recurrence of tumors due to incomplete destruction of cancerous cells at the tumor boundary. Biodegradable polymer millirods, composed of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and impregnated with anti-cancer agents, have been designed to be implanted in tumors after RF ablation to deliver drugs to the surrounding tissue and kill the remaining tumor cells. By tailoring device design, it is possible to create dual-release polymer implants that incorporate both a burst release to rapidly raise the surrounding tissue drug concentrations as well as a sustained release to maintain those drug concentrations for an extended period of time. Combination of RF ablation with local drug therapy will provide a minimally invasive paradigm for the effective treatment of solid tumors.
Paleoecology of Subulites; a gastropod in the middle Ordovician of central Tennessee

The distribution and abundance patterns of Subulites in gastropod assemblages of the Carters Limestone, a Middle Ordovician shallow-water sequence in the Black River Group of Central Tennessee, exhibit a close correlation with carbonate facies. Environmental interpretation of these carbonate facies indicates a subtidal environment characterized by a soft mud substrate. In some areas where Subulites is exceedingly abundant, this substrate was subject to frequent winnowing, and generally turbid water conditions were produced. In comparison with the associated gastropods, shell features of Subulites such as a straight anterior siphonal canal, a columellar fold, and the shape of the aperture, indicate an advanced type of soft part anatomy capable of dealing more efficiently with flocculent mud substrates. It is suggested that this functional advantage, inherent in Subulites, enabled it to numerically dominate in an environment less conducive to the inhabitation of other gastropods. Careful study of the functional morphology of Subulites as deduced from shell features, along with abundance and distributional trends, permits a comparison with functions, life habits, and distributions of living gastropods. These comparisons suggest possible feeding analogies with predators and scavengers. The interpretation of specific feeding functions in Subulites poses difficulties and in some respects appears incompatible with modern findings. Nevertheless the life habits of Subulites, based on the presumed functional morphology of the shell as well as information derived from the associated biota and the enclosing carbonates, is in agreement with the life habits of extant forms. This favors the role of Subulites as an infaunal or semi-infaunal scavenger.
Digital simulation as an evaluation aid in the development of dynamic color graphics human-machine interfaces

As part of a continuing effort in the area of system control of military communications networks, the MITRE Corporation, under the auspices of the Rome Air Development Center, has developed a testbed for the evaluation of graphics human-machine interfaces for communications network control centers. The testbed uses a MITRE-developed communications network simulator, SCAT/G, to drive the candidate network status displays. By duplicating the dynamics of the communications network and its environment, SCAT/G provides a realistic testing ground for the graphics displays.
Simulation of an ammonia-water heat pump water heater with combustion products-driven evaporator

Abstract The objective of this work is to simulate a single effect (SE) ammonia-water heat pump for domestic water heating, with innovative aspects for cycle simulation and eventual practical implementation. The following practical difficulties are addressed in the simulation: 1. seasonal temperature variations change the operating conditions of the distillation column, calling for insightful design to maintain a suitable refrigerant concentration in all seasons, and particularly in winter; 2. The evaporator activated by outdoor air suffers from immoderate heat transfer requirements, and these demands are considerably reduced if the activation is done by products of combustion; 3. Pumps have head requirements that can be assuaged by judicious selection and inlet solution subcooling. The variables that need to be controlled if the same column is to be used all year round are specified. As configured with the innovations mentioned, the cycle simulation yields a coefficient of performance within the expected range for a single effect, but it harbors the promise of a much smaller evaporator, of small overall height, and of a distillation column capable of operating effectively all year round with the same feed point.
Law, Religion, and the Purpose of the University

This brief essay explores the relationship between law, religion, and the university. Religion asks the fundamental questions of human existence. Law is the means through which we impose our beliefs on our fellow citizens. The particulars of law and religion expose the differences among us. We respond to those differences with chaos, control, or coexistence. Coexistence requires tolerance, humility, and patience, and it requires institutions to habituate these practices within us. It is not clear that this country presently has such institutions, but if we are discover them among us, the university is one possible contender. The people, place, and purpose of the university can facilitate a more generous dialogue across difference. We might also keep in mind that participants in the university are also citizens in a larger political project, where the stakes are much higher, the differences much starker, and the possibilities for dialogue often much smaller.
Urticarial Reaction to Ustekinumab During the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis in a Hepatitis C-Positive Patient.

A 62-year-old white woman with a history of hepatitis C and type 2 diabetes mellitus developed urticaria during treatment with ustekinumab for plaque psoriasis. The patient received two 45-mg ustekinumab injections in her first 2 months and then one 45-mg injection every 3 months for her psoriasis. After 10 months, she developed a round red rash on her skin diffusely on her body. She also complained of joint pain in her hands. Rheumatology became involved, and investigations revealed that her antinuclear antibody titer was negative, but her rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and liver function enzymes were elevated. She was diagnosed with urticaria, and ustekinumab was discontinued. A Naranjo assessment score of 6 was obtained, indicating a probable relationship between the patient’s urticaria and her use of ustekinumab. Ustekinumab was subsequently discontinued, and the patient received a course of Harvoni® (Gilead Sciences, Inc., Forest City, California, United States) (ledispasvir/sofosbuvir) with clearance of the hepatitis C virus. The patient is currently receiving another biologic agent, ixekizumab, and reports no complaints, including that of urticaria.
Representations in neural network based empirical potentials.

Many structural and mechanical properties of crystals, glasses, and biological macromolecules can be modeled from the local interactions between atoms. These interactions ultimately derive from the quantum nature of electrons, which can be prohibitively expensive to simulate. Machine learning has the potential to revolutionize materials modeling due to its ability to efficiently approximate complex functions. For example, neural networks can be trained to reproduce results of density functional theory calculations at a much lower cost. However, how neural networks reach their predictions is not well understood, which has led to them being used as a “black box” tool. This lack of understanding is not desirable especially for applications of neural networks in scientific inquiry. We argue that machine learning models trained on physical systems can be used as more than just approximations since they had to “learn” physical concepts in order to reproduce the labels they were trained on. We use dimensionality reduction techniques to study in detail the representation of silicon atoms at different stages in a neural network, which provides insight into how a neural network learns to model atomic interactions.
The Gastric and Intestinal Microbiome: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori and other organisms colonizing the stomach and the intestines has shed some light on the importance of microbiome in maintaining overall health and developing pathological conditions when alterations in biodiversity are present. The gastric acidity plays a crucial role in filtering out bacteria and preventing development of enteric infections. In this article, we discuss the physiology of gastric acid secretion and bacterial contribution to the composition of gastric and intestinal barriers and review the current literature on the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the microbial biodiversity of the gastrointestinal tract. Culture-independent techniques, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, have revolutionized our understanding of the microbial biodiversity in the gastrointestinal tract. Luminal and mucosa-associated microbial populations are not identical. Streptococcus is overrepresented in the biopsies of patients with antral gastritis and may also be responsible for the development of peptic ulcer disease. The use of PPIs favors relative streptococcal abundance irrespective of H. pylori status and may explain the persistence of dyspeptic symptoms in patients on PPI therapy. Increased risk of enteric infections has also been seen in patients taking PPIs. The overuse of PPIs leads to significant shift of the gastrointestinal microbiome towards a less healthy state. With the advent of PPIs, many studies have demonstrated the significant changes in the microbial composition of both gastric and intestinal microbiota. Although they are considered relatively safe over-the-counter medications, PPIs in many cases are over- and even inappropriately used. Future studies assessing the safety of PPIs and their role in the development of microbiome changes should be encouraged.
Structural Health Monitoring of Buildings Using Smartphone Sensors

This article presents the results of a shaker test of the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California, using sensors inside smartphones to demonstrate their potential usage as a way to monitor health states of buildings. This approach to structural health monitoring could allow many more commercial and residential buildings to be monitored because it removes the cost prohibitive nature of traditional seismic arrays and the complexity of deploying the instruments. Recordings from the smartphones during the shaking show high correlation with those from a reference sensor in the building, illustrating that the phones can capture the shaking even when not fully coupled to the floor. The fundamental translational frequencies for the east–west and north–south directions and the torsional frequencies of the building can be extracted from single phone recordings. As we compare the displacement derived from the phone recording by double integration to that from the reference sensor, both phase and amplitude match well. Signal‐to‐noise ratio is improved further by stacking records from multiple phones. These test results demonstrate the ability to extract the fundamental translational and torsional frequencies, and absolute displacements from upper levels of buildings shaken by small local earthquakes. This work builds on the ongoing MyShake project—a global smartphone seismic network.
The Algebraic Approach to Scattering and the “Euclidean Connection”

Starting from a dynamical group describing a scattering problem I explain how the S-matrix can be calculated algebraically through the technique of Euclidean connection. The S-matrix corresponding to the dynamic group SO(3,2) is constructed explicitly and provides a realistic model for the analysis of heavy-ion collisions.
Effect of Alteplase vs Aspirin on Functional Outcome for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Minor Nondisabling Neurologic Deficits: The PRISMS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance More than half of patients with acute ischemic stroke have minor neurologic deficits (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score of 0-5) at presentation. Although prior major trials of alteplase included patients with low NIHSS scores, few without clearly disabling deficits were enrolled. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of alteplase in patients with NIHSS scores of 0 to 5 whose deficits are not clearly disabling. Design, Setting, and Participants The PRISMS trial was designed as a 948-patient, phase 3b, double-blind, double-placebo, multicenter randomized clinical trial of alteplase compared with aspirin for emergent stroke at 75 stroke hospital networks in the United States. Patients with acute ischemic stroke whose deficits were scored as 0 to 5 on the NIHSS and judged not clearly disabling and in whom study treatment could be initiated within 3 hours of onset were eligible and enrolled from May 30, 2014, to December 20, 2016, with final follow-up on March 22, 2017. Interventions Participants were randomized to receive intravenous alteplase at the standard dose (0.9 mg/kg) with oral placebo (n = 156) or oral aspirin, 325 mg, with intravenous placebo (n = 157). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the difference in favorable functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1 at 90 days via Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test stratified by pretreatment NIHSS score, age, and time from onset to treatment. Because of early termination of the trial, prior to unblinding or interim analyses, the plan was revised to examine the risk difference of the primary outcome by a linear model adjusted for the same factors. The primary safety end point was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 36 hours of intravenous study treatment. Results Among 313 patients enrolled at 53 stroke networks (mean age, 62 [SD, 13] years; 144 [46%] women; median NIHSS score, 2 [interquartile range {IQR}, 1-3]; median time to treatment, 2.7 hours [IQR, 2.1-2.9]), 281 (89.8%) completed the trial. At 90 days, 122 patients (78.2%) in the alteplase group vs 128 (81.5%) in the aspirin group achieved a favorable outcome (adjusted risk difference, −1.1%; 95% CI, −9.4% to 7.3%). Five alteplase-treated patients (3.2%) vs 0 aspirin-treated patients had sICH (risk difference, 3.3%; 95% CI, 0.8%-7.4%). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke, treatment with alteplase vs aspirin did not increase the likelihood of favorable functional outcome at 90 days. However, the very early study termination precludes any definitive conclusions, and additional research may be warranted. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02072226
Clinical Syndromes of Epilepsy

The present International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes [3] makes two major distinctions, one of generalized vs location-related epilepsies and one of idiopathic vs symptomatic epilepsies. Consequently, there are four main groups: idiopathic location-related epilepsies, symptomatic location-related epilepsies, idiopathic generalized epilepsies, and symptomatic generalized epilepsies.
Philosophical Presentation of Pluralism

In part I of the book I gave motivations for adopting pluralism, from the starting point of several well-known philosophies of mathematics. I drew inspiration from them and rejected some of their claims as unwarranted. But we still do not have a clear picture of what pluralism is as a philosophical position in its own right. In this part, I give an initial presentation of the position over the course of four chapters. In this chapter I answer some pressing questions. I begin with the notion of tolerance. This invites discussion on three issues. One is normativity, the second is general organisation of the types of philosophical issues addressed by the pluralist, and the third is restrictions. In particular, I open the issue of how it is that the pluralist will cope with contradiction, and in what respect a paraconsistent logic can help the pluralist.