cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of pleural mesothelioma.

Pleural mesotheliomas are uncommon tumors. They can be broadly classified as localized and diffuse. The localized form is a non-epithelial neoplasm that occurs as commonly in women as in men and is not related to asbestos exposure. It is usually asymptomatic, and is occasionally associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Localized mesotheliomas arise more frequently from the visceral than from the parietal or mediastinal pleura. The long-term outcome of these tumors is determined mainly by their clinical presentation, and by whether or not they can be completely resected. Diffuse pleural mesotheliomas are invariably malignant. They are clearly related to asbestos exposure, and are far more common in men than in women. Histologically, they are completely or partially epithelial tumors. Diffuse mesotheliomas present with dyspnea, chest pain, and weight loss and are not associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Distinguishing malignant mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma can be difficult and usually requires a large tissue biopsy on which immuno histochemistry and electron microscopy can be performed. The management of diffuse malignant mesothelioma remains controversial. Treatment appears to prolong survival which ranges from 6 to 12 months with supportive care alone. Surgical resection, either with extrapleural pneumonectomy or by pleurectomy/decortications remains the mainstay of treatment because of the relative ineffectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy. Surgical resection alone, however, is inadequate, so most current treatment regimens combine operation with radiation and/or chemotherapy. Even with aggressive multimodality treatment, the median survival currently ranges from 18 to 24 months. A better understanding of prognostic factors, a better staging system, and innovative treatment strategies are desperately needed in this disease.
Microearthquakes on the Galapagos Spreading Centre and the Seismicity of Fast‐Spreading Ridges*

Summary Fast-spreading centres such as the East Pacific Rise and the Galapagos spreading centre often show hiatuses hundreds of kilometres in length in WWSSN (World Wide Standardized Seismic Network) recorded seismic activity. Sonobuoys were deployed over a seismically quiet segment of the Galapagos spreading centre to measure the seismicity at close range. During 45 h of reliable recording time we detected an average of 15 microearthquakes per hour with a maximum of 80 microearthquakes in one hour. The events were part of a swarm which occurred within a few kilometres of the ridge crest axis. Magnitudes ranged from m = -0.4 to m = $0.8. Although fast-spreading ridges have few large earthquakes, they may be the sites of significant microearthquake and earthquake swarm activity.
The changing architecture of the neonatal rat ovary during histogenesis

The purpose of this study was to describe the changing histological organization of the rat ovary during postpartum days one through three (p1-p3). A PC-based image-combining microscope system was used to reconstruct the ovary in three dimensions. On p1, cylindrical pocket-like structures radiated from the core of the ovary that were open toward the surface epithelium. The walls of the pockets contained connective tissue cells and capillaries (stroma). By p2, these pockets had completely closed; each pocket enclosed a small nest of oocytes and a few presumptive granulosa cells. By p3, the pocket-like organization had disappeared. On p1, only one or two primordial follicle-like structures were observed in the core and toward the periphery of the ovary; most oocytes were not enclosed in follicles. By p3, very few naked oocytes remained; primordial follicles predominated in all the regions of the ovary and some of the follicles had multiple layers of granulosa cells. There were changes in location, area, and volume of the rete tubules during these postnatal days. The extraovarian rete was visible on all 3 days but changed its orientation relative to the ovary. The connecting rete was found beneath the epithelial layer of the ovary on all 3 days and showed dramatic increase in area on p2. The wide lumen of the intraovarian rete was in direct contact with some of the oocytes near by on all 3 days, but these “communication points” were most abundant on p2. Based on our observations of different cell–cell associations during this time period, we hypothesize (1) that the mesenchymal–presumptive granulosa cell association is essential for the completion of folliculogenesis, and (2) the rete ovarii may have an inductive role in follicle assembly. These observations suggest that the first 3 days postpartum are critically important for studying the heterogeneous cell interactions that lead to the assembly of primordial follicles. The regional differences in tissue organization during this formative period may have significant implications on later aspects of follicular development. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Role of Cardiac MRI in Diabetes

Diabetes and insulin resistance have a variety of detrimental effects on cardiovascular health and outcomes. Cardiac magnetic resonance offers a non-invasive means to obtain many layers of information at a tissue level, including fibrosis, edema, intramyocardial motion, triglyceride content, and myocardial energetics. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance is particularly important in the evaluation of recognized and unrecognized coronary artery disease. In this review, we address the current state-of-the-art in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging – for both clinical and investigational use – as it applies to diabetic cardiovascular disease.
Determination of the novel sialic acid analog GG167 (GR121167X) in human urine by liquid chromatography: direct injection with column switching.

Abstract GG167 is a novel compound which selectively inhibits viral neuraminidase and has demonstrated activity against influenza A and B. A liquid chromatography (LC) method for the determination of GG167 in human urine has been developed and validated. The method allows direct injection of urine (7 μl) using LC column switching followed by UV detection. Initial chromatography is performed using a Nucleosil-Diol column (7 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm), eluted with 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5):acetonitrile (18:82, v/v) at 2.0 ml min−1. GG167 is “heart-cut” to a Spherisorb-SCX column (5 μm, 100 mm × 4.6 mm) and eluted with 35 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5):acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) at 1.5 ml min−1 for final separation. GG167 is detected by UV absorbance at λ = 238 nm. UV detection and peak shape are enhanced at pH
JTutor: an Eclipse plug-in suite for creation and replay of code-based tutorials

Programming courses of all levels rely heavily on code examples. Often, to cover non-trivial subjects, it is convenient to present examples in the form of a tutorial. Such tutorials go through a sequence of steps, at each step modifying the code in some way. However, while the sequence of steps in a tutorial may be presented by the instructor in class, students often have to rely on their notes to repeat the tutorial later. In the best case, they receive the initial source code for the example used in the tutorial from the instructor, along with a description of steps that comprise the tutorial. Unfortunately, as practice shows, even given this information, many students have trouble repeating the tutorial on their own.In this paper we describe a suite consisting of two Eclipse plug-ins that help instructors package tutorials based on Java code and enable students to replay these tutorials. The tedium and complexity of following instructions by hand is removed by automatically performing all code changes and actions of running or debugging the code, as the tutorial is being played. In fact, the only action that students need to perform in the plug-in user interface is to move to the next step of the tutorial.
Recovery of Fine-Particle Coal by Colloid Flotation

Abstract The purpose of the research was to investigate the technical feasibility of a novel flotation technique for the recovery of extremely small particles of coal from water. This approach, colloid flotation, utilizes microbubbles generated at low gas flow rates. A procedure was also developed for preparing stable and reproducible suspensions of colloidal coal as might be found in the effluents of preparation plants. Oxidation of the coal contributed to its ability to remain dispersed for long periods of time over a broad pH range. Several parameters controlling flotation were examined including collector type and concentration, pH, gas flow rate, and frother dose in batch, bench-scale studies. Recovery attempts with an anionic collector were not successful. The coal was removed very effectively, however, using a cationic surfactant collector. Rates of removal were greatest at low pH and depended on gas flow rate as well as the collector and frother doses. The results were related to the electrophoret...
Statistical Kinematics of Nonrotating Globular Clusters

Nonparametric statistical models are presented to fully connect the observed kinematics to internal dynamics and gravitational potential of nonrotating globular clusters. The models assume only spherical symmetry and a smooth, static potential; the mass distribution plays the role of a free parameter and, in principle, is completely determined by the kinematics. The inclusion of proper-motion velocities in the data is shown to be required for a unique solution to the internal dynamics and mass distribution; observations of stellar densities and radial velocities alone are not sufficient to meaningfully constrain cluster dynamics and total mass.
Superconductivity in the insulating phase above the field-tuned superconductor–insulator transition in disordered indium oxide films

Abstract We study the insulating phase of disordered indium oxide films that undergo a field-tuned superconductor–insulator transition. The transport measurements in a perpendicular magnetic field show distinct regimes of strongly fluctuating order-parameter amplitude and phase, and reveal a wide range of insulator strength in samples with differing disorder, despite the similarity in behavior near the SIT. We characterize the strength of the insulating phase and compare it to the superconducting strength. We find that the films do not return to the expected normal state even at high perpendicular magnetic fields where all pairs should be broken, suggesting the remaining presence of superconductivity at high fields.
Photovoltaic array loss mechanisms

Loss mechanisms which come into play when solar cell modules are mounted in arrays are identified. Losses can occur either from a reduction in the array electrical performance or with nonoptimal extraction of power from the array. Electrical performance degradation is caused by electrical mismatch, transmission losses from cell surface soiling and steep angle of reflectance, and electrical losses from field wiring resistance and the voltage drop across blocking diodes. The second type of loss, concerned with the operating points of the array, can involve nonoptimal load impedance and limiting the operating envelope of the array to specific ranges of voltage and current. Each of the loss mechanisms are discussed and average energy losses expected from soiling, steep reflectance angles and circuit losses are calculated.
GROWTH HORMONE INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME

Growth hormone inscnsitivity syndrome (GHIS or Laron syndrome) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene for the growth hormone receptor (GHR). This gene, located on chromosome region 5p13.1-p12 (1) encodes a 620 amino acid protein with a centrally located hydrophobic transmembrane domain. Proteolylic cleavage of the extracellular domain that includes the growth hormone binding site generates the circulating GHBP. One OH molecule binds to two GHBP molecules resulting in dimerization of the receptors, possibly an essential step for signal transduction.
Conformational flexibility of B-DNA at 0.74 A resolution: d(CCAGTACTGG)(2).

The affinity and specificity of a ligand for its DNA site is a function of the conformational changes between the isolated and complexed states. Although the structures of a hydroxypyrrole-imidazole-pyrrole polyamide dimer with 5′-CCAGTACTGG-3′ and the trp repressor recognizing the sequence 5′-GTACT-3′ are known, the baseline conformation of the DNA site would contribute to our understanding of DNA recognition by these ligands. The 0.74 A resolution structure of a B-DNA double helix, 5′-CCAGTACTGG-3′, has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Six of the nine phosphates, two of four bound calcium ions and networks of water molecules hydrating the oligonucleotide have alternate conformations. By contrast, nine of the ten bases have a single, unique conformation with hydrogen atoms visible in most cases. The polyamide molecules alter the geometry of the phosphodiester backbone, and the water molecules mediating contacts in the trp repressor/operator complex are conserved in the unliganded DNA. Furthermore, the multiple conformational states, ions and hydration revealed by this ultrahigh resolution structure of a B-form oligonucleotide are potentially general considerations for understanding DNA-binding affinity and specificity by ligands.
Application and Evaluation of Analytic Gaming

We describe an “analytic gaming” framework and methodology, and introduce formal methods for evaluation of the analytic gaming process. This process involves conception, development, and playing of games that are informed by predictive models and driven by players. Evaluation of analytic gaming examines both the process of game development and the results of game play exercises.
Optimum projectors for error-trapping and interpolation in multidimensional signals

The problems of locating and correcting erroneous or missing data in multidimensional signals are considered. Although locating errors is basically a nonlinear problem, an extension (which is primarily linear) of the error-trapping algorithm of finite-field cyclic codes to discrete-time real or complex signals, is described. The role of projectors in error-trapping and interpolation and the design of optimum projectors for multidimensional signals are discussed. The design of encoders which result in well-conditioned estimation operators is discussed. Matlab examples are presented. >
Life without tRNAIle-lysidine synthetase: translation of the isoleucine codon AUA in Bacillus subtilis lacking the canonical tRNA2Ile

Translation of the isoleucine codon AUA in most prokaryotes requires a modified C (lysidine or agmatidine) at the wobble position of tRNA2(Ile) to base pair specifically with the A of the AUA codon but not with the G of AUG. Recently, a Bacillus subtilis strain was isolated in which the essential gene encoding tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthetase was deleted for the first time. In such a strain, C34 at the wobble position of tRNA2(Ile) is expected to remain unmodified and cells depend on a mutant suppressor tRNA derived from tRNA1(Ile), in which G34 has been changed to U34. An important question, therefore, is how U34 base pairs with A without also base pairing with G. Here, we show (i) that unlike U34 at the wobble position of all B. subtilis tRNAs of known sequence, U34 in the mutant tRNA is not modified, and (ii) that the mutant tRNA binds strongly to the AUA codon on B. subtilis ribosomes but only weakly to AUG. These in vitro data explain why the suppressor strain displays only a low level of misreading AUG codons in vivo and, as shown here, grows at a rate comparable to that of the wild-type strain.
A High-Speed Delta-Sigma Modulator with Relaxed DEM Timing Requirement

This paper presents a high-speed digital feedforward delta-sigma modulator which relaxes timing requirement for the dynamic element matching (DEM) algorithm. By making the main digital to analog converter (DAC) process a small part of the input signal, the distortion from the DAC is suppressed. The proposed method allows eliminating the DEM circuitry in the critical data path for high-speed applications, thus achieving high-resolution without augmenting considerable silicon area. Analysis and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Membrane Vesicle Release in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: a Conserved yet Underappreciated Aspect of Microbial Life

Interaction of microbes with their environment depends on features of the dynamic microbial surface throughout cell growth and division. Surface modifications, whether used to acquire nutrients, defend against other microbes, or resist the pressures of a host immune system, facilitate adaptation to unique surroundings. The release of bioactive membrane vesicles (MVs) from the cell surface is conserved across microbial life, in bacteria, archaea, fungi, and parasites. MV production occurs not only in vitro but also in vivo during infection, underscoring the influence of these surface organelles in microbial physiology and pathogenesis through delivery of enzymes, toxins, communication signals, and antigens recognized by the innate and adaptive immune systems. Derived from a variety of organisms that span kingdoms of life and called by several names (membrane vesicles, outer membrane vesicles [OMVs], exosomes, shedding microvesicles, etc.), the conserved functions and mechanistic strategies of MV release are similar, including the use of ESCRT proteins and ESCRT protein homologues to facilitate these processes in archaea and eukaryotic microbes. Although forms of MV release by different organisms share similar visual, mechanistic, and functional features, there has been little comparison across microbial life. This underappreciated conservation of vesicle release, and the resulting functional impact throughout the tree of life, explored in this review, stresses the importance of vesicle-mediated processes throughout biology.
Interrelationships Between Automaticity and Conduction in Purkinje Fibers

Microelectrode studies of transmembrane potentials of canine Purkinje fibers show that phase-4 depolarization causes voltage-dependent changes in conduction and responsiveness similar to those occurring during repolarization at comparable levels of potential. Abnormalities ranged from simple slowing of conduction to decrement, unidirectional and bidirectional block, and unexcitability. Reentrant excitation also developed. Significant conduction disturbances usually appeared at -75 to -70 mv; decrement and advanced block at -65 to -60 mv, or below. Because the threshold potential of normal Purkinje cells is approximately -70 mv, depolarization to lower levels implies shifts in this variable toward 0. Determinations of threshold potential confirm such shifts. It may be further inferred that significant abnormalities would most likely occur in fibers in which threshold potential is shifted toward 0 or membrane responsiveness impaired. Alterations in conduction due to phase-4 depolarization provide a reasonable explanation for various peculiarities of cardiac rhythm, including occurrence of conduction disturbances and reentrant rhythms at low heart rates, exit and entry block about parasystolic foci, instability of peripheral Purkinje pacemaakers, and supernormal conduction. Circumstances that enhance phase-4 depolarization are common in diseased hearts, indicating that this mechanism may be a significant factor in human arrhythmias.
Association between hormones and metabolic syndrome in older Italian men.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the complex clustering of several interrelated physiological and metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, abdominal fat, and a proinflammatory, prothrombotic state. The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) report has proposed a set of measures to assess the presence of MS as the clustering of three or more established cardiovascular risk factors, including low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high fasting glucose, waist circumference, triglyceride levels, and blood pressure.1,2 MS is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus.3,4 Recent reports estimate that MS affects 22% to 24% of the U.S. population, with a prevalence that increases with age and is higher in men than women.2,4 There is increasing evidence that age-related hormonal changes might play a relevant role in the development of MS in men. Low androgen levels (testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)) have been linked with MS or its components.5–8 Moreover, induction of hypogonadism in men with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs is associated with central obesity and insulin resistance.9 Recent studies also suggest that sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) may contribute to the pathophysiology of MS, although the mechanism has not been fully elucidated.5–7,10 In addition, recent evidence suggests that hyperactivation of stress hormones (such as cortisol), a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and excessive production of leptin may be important.11–13 Most studies examining the relationship between hormonal levels and MS have not focused on older populations and have investigated one specific hormone, ignoring possible multiple hormonal interactions and potential synergistic effects in the genesis of MS. Thus, whether age-associated hormonal changes increase susceptibility to MS in older individuals has not been fully elucidated. Using data from a population-based sample of older adults, the current study tested the hypothesis that low levels of testosterone, IGF-1, and DHEAS and high levels of cortisol and leptin are associated with MS in a population-based sample of older men. Furthermore, the hypothesis that multiple hormonal dysregulation is associated with a particularly high susceptibility to MS was tested.
Identification of Independent Primary Tumors and Intrapulmonary Metastases Using DNA Rearrangements in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose Distinguishing independent primary tumors from intrapulmonary metastases in non–small-cell carcinoma remains a clinical dilemma with significant clinical implications. Using next-generation DNA sequencing, we developed a chromosomal rearrangement–based approach to differentiate multiple primary tumors from metastasis. Methods Tumor specimens from patients with known independent primary tumors and metastatic lesions were used for lineage test development, which was then applied to multifocal tumors. Laser capture microdissection was performed separately for each tumor. Genomic DNA was isolated using direct in situ whole-genome amplification methodology, and next-generation sequencing was performed using an Illumina mate-pair library protocol. Sequence reads were mapped to the human genome, and primers spanning the fusion junctions were used for validation polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 41 tumor samples were sequenced (33 adenocarcinomas [ADs] and eight squamous cell carcinomas [SQCCs...
Paleogeographic implications of Permian Tethyan corals from the Klamath Mountains, California

The discovery of a new species of Late Permian coral belonging to the waagenophyllid family, a family formerly considered diagnostic of the Tethyan faunal realm, occurs within limestone lenses interbedded with volcaniclastic strata of the Redding section, eastern Klamath Mountains, and provides new constraints on Permian biogeography. The coherent Permian succession in the Redding section is now known to contain coral species of both Tethyan and North American affinity, and therefore, along with other terranes of the McCloud belt, this island-arc succession represents a transitional biogeographic province. Thus, the influence of the Permian North American faunal realm was not everywhere isolated from that of the Tethyan realm. The same species of waagenophyllid coral also has been found along with a typical Tethyan fusulinid assemblage in a seamount-derived olistostromal limestone block, which was incorporated into the eastern Hayfork subduction complex. These two occurrences suggest that atolls provided a network of shallow-water tropical environments which allowed the migration of Tethyan forms into the eastern paleo–Pacific Ocean. In rare instances, individual species belonging to families formerly considered diagnostic of Tethyan fauna migrated even farther eastward and colonized terranes of the McCloud faunal belt. These relations limit the longitudinal displacement of terranes with respect to the continental margin required by the presence of “exotic” Tethyan fauna.
Surjective endomorphisms of finitely generated modules

(1987). Surjective endomorphisms of finitely generated modules. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 589-609.
Project XL and the Special Case: The EPA's Untold Success Story

In 1995, the Environmental Protection Agency introduced Project XL, its lead regulatory reinvention initiative. At the time, the agency explained that the program would experiment with new regulatory methods and, in addition, would promote common sense approaches to environmental problems. This Article begins by demonstrating that, as implemented, these two objectives are quite distinct. Some XL projects, properly labeled "experimental," test out fundamentally new regulatory strategies. Others, the "special case" projects, address specific situations where regulations break down and fail to make sense. The commentary on Project XL, much of it critical, has focused on the program's experimental dimension. This Article examines the special case side. It draws on the theory of the special case, a set of ideas developed in jurisprudence and case law, to argue that this aspect of the program could play an important role in sustaining the environmental regulatory system. The theory of the special case posits that those who draft rules generally cannot foresee all their applications. Most rules will accordingly result in a small number of regulatory bad fits that cause great and unintended hardship, inequity or inefficiency. Administrative officials must be given authority to make exceptions in these special cases and to substitute a more tailored set of requirements. Otherwise, the bad fits will engender such resentment that they may undermine public support for the regulatory system as a whole. This Article argues that EPA is engaging in this type of regulatory tailoring in the XL special case projects. Like any other system of general rules, environmental regulations inevitably yield some unintended bad fits. These are often held up as "evidence" that the entire environmental regulatory system defies common sense. Project XL's special case dimension functions as a regulatory safety valve that alleviates the pressure generated by bad fits and thereby shores up the system as a whole. This is the untold success story of Project XL. The Article recommends that EPA expand Project XL's special case dimension so that it can more fully serve its safety valve function. By contrast, it suggests that the agency narrow the experimental side to better focus on a core set of promising innovations, and that it run this aspect of the program more like a true experiment with intensive monitoring, evaluation and public participation. Doing so would address many of the principal criticisms of Project XL and would allow the both the experimental and special case sides of the program to achieve their full potential.
Teaching in the clinic: objectives and style.

M a n y of you have experience with the rewards and challenges of the educational process as it is conducted in an outpatient clinic. Some of you engage in this activity often-and probably quite effectively-with medical students and residents. However, little has been written on this subject in recent years, and all of us might benefit from taking a few minutes to examine several issues that can get lost in the volume of sometimes routine work that has to be done in the ambulatory setting.
Stretching Boundaries: the Cognitive Cost of Naming Unlexicalized Events

Slobin (2003, 2004) argues that the semantic component of manner is not equally salient in all languages. He further argues that high-manner-salient languages "have developed large lexicons with many fine-grained distinctions of manner" (Slobin, 2003, p. 163). In this paper, I ask whether there are cognitive costs associated with managing a relatively large manner-verb lexicon with many fine-grained distinctions, due either to the vocabulary size or to the fine-grained nature of the distinctions. Specifically, is it more difficult to name unlexicalized motions using a larger, more fine-grained manner vocabulary, or a smaller, more coarse-grained one? To test this, I asked native speakers of English and Spanish to name twelve video-taped motion events using a single word for each. The events fell into four categories: lexicalized in both languages, lexicalized in English but not Spanish, lexicalized in Spanish but not English, and lexicalized in neither language. For both language groups, it was predicted that naming unlexicalized events would be more difficult than naming lexicalized ones. I used three measures of cognitive cost: response times, rates of backspacing during responses, and rates of changed responses. (Change was defined as either producing a response, then backspacing and entering a different word, or, in cases where a single letter was typed and changed, producing a final response which begins with a different letter than that originally typed.) It was predicted that all three of these measures would be higher for the unlexicalized than for the lexicalized events for all participants, indicating that the task of naming the unlexicalized events is more difficult. This was found to be true for all three measures.Is this increase in difficulty greater for speakers of high-manner-salient English than for speakers of low-manner-salient Spanish? To find out, I compared each language group's scores for the unlexicalized events to their scores for the lexicalized ones. As predicted, English speakers evidenced greater difficulty with the unlexicalized events as compared to the lexicalized events by all three measures. English speakers took an average of 2.56 times as long to name unlexicalized events than lexicalized ones (as compared to Spanish 1.57 times as long); backspaced an average of 1.77 times as often for unlexicalized events than for lexicalized ones (as compared to Spanish 1.49 times as often); and changed their answers an average of 4.38 times as often for unlexicalized events than for lexicalized events (as compared to Spanish 2.54 times as often).This evidence suggests that the costs of a cognitively demanding task, such as naming a novel motion event, may differ depending on the language one speaks.
7 Things You Need to Know About: Constitutional Law (Presentation Slides)

These slides cover the basics of Constitutional Law. The focus is on the seven most important parts that you need to know to begin your understanding of this important topic. These slides focus also on the business aspects of Constitutional Law.
Including Uncertainty in Modeling the Dynamic Response of a Large-Scale 200 kN Magneto-Rheological Damper

AbstractRealistic mathematical modeling is critical in engineering. Models help generalize experimental results, often suggest new experiments, and can replace costly physical testing. Most models, however, require validation of their parameters with experiment. For some models, parameters can be directly measured, but others must be inferred. In both cases parameters selection should reflect the inherent uncertainty in both measurement and modeling. This is particularly important for models used in control algorithms in which unexpected inputs may delay or prevent appropriate response. In this work, a method of characterizing uncertainty in model parameters is presented, the steps of the method are described in detail and illustrated using a case study application which models the force produced by a magneto-rheological (MR) damper. In this probabilistic approach, the model parameters are treated as random variables. The Metropolis-Hasting algorithm is used to generate sample parameter sets. These sets p...
Dimensional Publicness and Serving the Vulnerable: Analyses of Specialized Substance Abuse Treatment Programs:

The proliferation of market-based public service delivery raises concerns whether the vulnerable are dully served and what mechanisms facilitate to serve them well. Focused on the availability of specialized substance abuse treatment programs for co-occurring, HIV, criminal and pregnant patients, this study adopts the dimensional publicness theory to examine how different dimensions of political authorities facilitate the provision of specialized programs for vulnerable groups. The multilevel analyses indicate that public funding and accreditation are two major dimensions promoting specialized programs. Environmental publicness exercises significant impact, contingent upon statewide policies and facility ownership. Differential effects are found both within and across dimensions, calling for a contingent approach to better understand both the theory and its implications.
An unusual optic disc neovascularization in a case of intermediate uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE. To report a case of intermediate uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) presenting with a complex of an unusual optic disc neovascularization which was treated successfully. METHODS. Interventional case report. Best-corrected visual acuity measurements (BCVA), slit-lamp examination, fundus biomicroscopy, and fluorescein angiography (FFA) were performed at baseline examination and during the follow-up period. The patient underwent one injection of intravitreal bevacizumab combined with systemic steroids and panretinal photocoagulation. RESULTS. A 28-year-old man presented with decreased vision in the right eye (RE) (BCVA 20/40). Compete examination showed a large new vessels complex on the optic disc of the RE protruding into the vitreous, ischemic vasculitis, and snowbanking inferiorly. Similar findings but less severe were found in the left eye (LE) with mild vitritis. The RE had also mild, diffuse vitreous hemorrhage. All tests were normal including blood tests, Mantoux, and chest X-ray except brain magnetic resonance imaging which showed three demyelinating lesions. Neurologic evaluation was unremarkable for the first year. The clinical appearance was consistent with intermediate uveitis associated with MS. The patient underwent one injection of intravitreal bevacizumab combined with systemic steroids and panretinal photocoagulation. After 6 months BCVA increased to 20/20 and the neovascular complex became fibrous in RE. The patient, 2 years after treatment, remains stable. CONCLUSIONS. Intermediate uveitis may precede the diagnosis of MS. Intravitreal bevacizumab combined with systemic steroids and panretinal photocoagulation proved successful in the management of this case.
The emerging role of deubiquitination in nucleotide excision repair

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) protects genome stability by eliminating DNA helix distorting lesions, such as those induced by UV radiation. The addition and removal of ubiquitin, namely, ubiquitination and deubiquitination, have recently been demonstrated as general mechanisms to regulate protein functions. Accumulating evidence shows that several NER factors are subjected to extensive regulation by ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Thus, the balance between E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzyme activities can dynamically alter the ubiquitin landscape at DNA damage sites, thereby regulating NER efficiency. Current knowledge about XPC ubiquitination by different ubiquitin E3 ligases highlights the importance of ubiquitin linkage types in regulating XPC binding and release from damaged DNA. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of deubiquitinating enzymes and their ubiquitin linkage specificities in NER.
Pediatric Immunization and the New Academy Schedule

The new American Academy of Pediatrics recommended immunization schedule should focus attention on the great gap that exists between availability of effective vaccines and the failure to immunize many children, particularly in urban poverty areas. Our public health inadequacies, the value of substituting multivalent for monovalent vaccines, and the immunologic basis for the efficacy of the former are discussed.
Human lymphotropic viruses associated with lymphoid malignancy: Epstein-Barr and HTLV-1.

Infection with the lymphotropic viruses, Epstein-Barr virus or HTLV-1, is usually asymptomatic, but in some instances, infection gives rise to lymphoma or leukemia. Viral genes have been implicated in explaining the ability of these viruses to immortalize lymphocytes and to produce malignancy. The relevant viral genes are not expressed in Burkitt's lymphoma or in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Presumably, the viral transforming and immortalizing genes are important early in the pathogenesis of Burkitt' s lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, but these genes are rendered irrelevant by subsequent mutagenic events, such as the dysregulation of the myc gene by chromosomal translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma.
SIMPLE INTENSITY-MODULATION BASED FIBER DISPLACEMENT SENSOR WITH CLOSED LOOP OPERATION

A novel closed-loop implementation of a fiber displacement sensor based on the intensity coupling between two normally cleaved fibers is described. A displacement range of ± 15 µm and a noise equivalent displacement sensitivity ~ .005 µm are demonstrated.
A receding horizon approach to simultaneous identification and torque control of permanent magnet synchronous machines

Output regulation and the identification of plant parameters are generally conflicting objectives. However, over-actuated systems provide an opportunity to achieve identification and control objectives simultaneously, with minimal compromise. This paper presents an optimization-based simultaneous identification and control (SIC) methodology for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) which exploits the over-actuated nature of the machine. A receding horizon control allocation (RHCA) approach is used which includes a metric for maximizing the excitation characteristics of the generated reference current trajectories. The reference currents produced by the RHCA are fed to a lower-level adaptive current regulator which ensures asymptotic tracking of a reference model. The importance of reformulating the RHCA problem to include past input and state data, in addition to predicting future input and state trajectories, is discussed. Simulation results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed RHCA-SIC methodology, as well as the effects of neglecting past input and state data, are presented.
From Obamacare to Hillarycare — Democrats’ Health Care Reform Agenda

If Hillary Clinton wins the presidency, Democrats can advance health care reform by making health plans more affordable in order to achieve further gains in coverage, by stabilizing the marketplaces, and by seeking ways to slow medical spending over the long term.
Assessing Teachers’ Behavior Support Skills:

In this article, the authors provide an overview of empirically supported practices and techniques for monitoring and assessing teachers’ use of effective behavior support practices. They focus on ...
All the Homes: Zillow and the Operational Context of Data

Zillow, an online real estate marketplace that seeks to make information available about “all the homes” in the United States, tells us that “data want to be free”. But a close analysis reveals that Zillow works to ground data: to put data into an operational context. I use the phrase “operational context” to denote a setting in which data—for real estate: current listings, tax assessments, and other digital property records—are meant to be fully understood. This paper examines the design of operational contexts for data as well as their cultural and political significance, using Zillow as a case. Zillow was founded in 2006, at the height of the housing bubble. Although practices with real estate have been under scrutiny ever since, the treatment of real estate data has not. This paper examines how Zillow operationalizes data for the housing market through a combination of analytical, discursive, and algorithmic devices. These dimensions of operational context are less about establishing the truth of data than a level of tractability for prospective buyers and sellers. The operational context for data is not derived from a neutral retrospective view (i.e. where the data come from). Rather, it is a matter of connecting data to an existing cultural system, defined by inherited practices, concepts and affordances that support specific use cases. Operational context can enable interpretation and action based on data, but it can also reify the power of a dominant culture.
Theoretical Investigations of Transition Metal Surface Energies under Lattice Strain and CO Environment

An understanding of the relative stability of surface facets is crucial to develop predictive models of catalyst activity and to fabricate catalysts with a controlled morphology. In this work, we present a systematic density functional theory study of the effect of lattice strain and CO environment on the surface formation energies of Cu, Pt, and Ni. First, we show that both compressive and tensile lattice strains favor the formation of stepped versus low-index terraces such as (111) and (100). Then, we investigate the effect of the CO environment using configurations of CO at various coverages, determined using a greedy, systematic approach, inspired by forward stepwise feature selection. We find that the CO environment favors stepped facets on Ni, Cu, and Pt. These trends are illustrated with the corresponding equilibrium Wulff shapes at various strains and CO pressures. In general, the surface energies of the studied transition metals are highly sensitive to strain and CO coverage, which should be cons...
Tissue kallikreins and kinins: roles in human disease and target for new drug development.

The purpose of this paper is to survey briefly what is known about tissue kallikreins and kinins which leads toward the conclusion that these enzymes and their peptide products have significant, even causal roles in human diseases, and are a clear target system for the development of new drugs. At the very least, the discovery and pharmacological evaluation of new substances of matter which affect components of tissue kallikrein-regulated systems will allow us to learn more of what we need to know to understand the functional responsibilities of these proteins and peptides. More likely, drugs which inhibit, modulate or perhaps mimic the activities of system components will find a place in rational therapeutics.
Optical Detection of Level Crossing in the ( 5 s 5 p ) P 1 3 State of Cd 111 and Cd 113

The magnetic field at which crossing occurs for the $〉\left|F, {m}_{F}\right)=〉\left|\frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}\right) \mathrm{and} 〉\left|\frac{1}{2}, \ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}\right)$ hyperfine levels of the $(5s5p)^{3}P_{1}$ state of ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{111}$ and ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{113}$ has been measured to high precision by observing the change in intensity at an angle of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} of the resonance fluorescence of the 3261 \AA{} intercombination line. The measured crossing fields, in units of the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency of protons in mineral oil, are ${{H}_{c}}^{111}=8363.408(30)$ kc/sec, ${{H}_{c}}^{113}=8748.734(20)$ kc/sec. Using these results and the known values of the $(5s5p)^{3}P_{1}$ hyperfine interval for the two isotopes, we find that the L\'ande ${g}_{J}$ factor for this state is ${{g}_{J}}^{111}=\frac{3}{2}\ensuremath{-}160(9)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, ${{g}_{J}}^{113}=\frac{3}{2}\ensuremath{-}146(9)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. These results include corrections for second-order interaction with the adjacent fine-structure levels of the $5s5p$ configuration.
The Determination of Elemental Concentrations in Blood by Neutron Activation Analysis

By use of neutron activation analysis and a simple chemical separation procedure, 14 elements have been determined in human whole blood. Gamma-ray analysis of the activated blood is performed with ...
D3NoC: a dynamic data-driven hybrid photonic plasmonic NoC

It was previously shown that Hybrid Photonic Plasmonic Interconnect (HyPPI) is an efficient candidate for augmenting electronic network on chips (NoCs). Here we introduce a reconfigurable Hybrid Photonic Plasmonic NoC termed D3NOC, which intelligently augments electrical meshes with a hybrid photon-plasmon interconnect express bus. The intelligence uses the Dynamic Data Driven Application System (DDDAS) paradigm, where computations and measurements form a dynamic closed feedback loop. Our results show up to 67% latency improvements and 69% dynamic power net improvements beyond overhead-corrected performance compared to a 16 × 16 base electrical mesh.
Mainstream: dynamic stem-sharing for multi-tenant video processing

Mainstream is a new video analysis system that jointly adapts concurrent applications sharing fixed edge resources to maximize aggregate result quality. Mainstream exploits partial-DNN (deep neural network) compute sharing among applications trained through transfer learning from a common base DNN model, decreasing aggregate per-frame compute time. Based on the available resources and mix of applications running on an edge node, Mainstream automatically determines at deployment time the right trade-off between using more specialized DNNs to improve per-frame accuracy, and keeping more of the unspecialized base model to increase sharing and process more frames per second. Experiments with several datasets and event detection tasks on an edge node confirm that Mainstream improves mean event detection F1-scores by up to 47% relative to a static approach of retraining only the last DNN layer and sharing all others ("Max-Sharing") and by 87X relative to the common approach of using fully independent per-application DNNs ("No-Sharing").
Impact of safety climate on hazard recognition and safety risk perception

Abstract Poor hazard recognition and the underestimation of safety risk can lead to catastrophic safety incidents. Unfortunately, past research has demonstrated that a large number of safety hazards remain unrecognized in construction workplaces. Likewise, evidence also suggests that the underestimation of safety risk is a widespread issue in the construction industry. Therefore, to improve safety performance, a proper understanding of workplace factors that affect hazard recognition and safety risk perception is fundamental. To begin achieving this goal, the current study evaluated the effect of safety climate – a validated leading indicator of safety performance – on hazard recognition and safety risk perception levels. This was accomplished by gathering empirical data from over 280 workers employed in 57 construction workplaces in the United States. More specifically, after gathering safety climate data from the participating workers, the workers were engaged in a hazard recognition and safety risk perception activity. The study findings revealed that workers representing workplaces with a more positive safety climate demonstrate higher levels of hazard recognition and safety risk perception. In addition, the effect of safety climate on safety risk perception was mediated by hazard recognition performance. In other words, safety climate affected hazard recognition performance, which in turn affected safety risk perception levels. Apart from the indirect effect of safety climate on safety risk perception through hazard recognition performance, safety climate also affected safety risk perception independently of hazard recognition performance. The findings of the study will be useful to practicing professionals seeking to improve safety performance in the construction industry.