cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Healing and evaluating guinea pig skin incision after surgical suture and laser tissue by welding using in vivo Raman spectroscopy

Changes in collagen in the wound during the healing process of guinea pig skin following surgical incisions and LTW was evaluated using in vivo, using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy provided information regarding the internal structure of the proteins. After the incisions were closed either by suturing or by LTW the ratio of the Raman peaks of the amide III (1247 cm -1 ) band to a peak at 1326 cm -1 used to evaluate the progression of collagen deposition. Histopathology was used as the gold standard. LTW skin demonstrated better healing than sutured skin, exhibiting minimal hyperkeratosis, minimal collagen deposition, near-normal surface contour, and minimal loss of dermal appendages. This work is important to plastic surgery.
Report of a Trawling Cruise in H.M.S. “Research” off the South-west Coast of Ireland

The cruise, of which the zoological results are given in this report, was undertaken at the suggestion of Capt. Wharton, R.N., F.R.S. hydrographer to the Admiralty, who kindly advised me that H.M.S. “Research” was to make a fresh series of soundings off the entrance to the Channel, and put me in communication with the captain of the ship. To Capt. Aldrich I am indebted for unbounded hospitality. and attention whilst I was on board, and I take this opportunity of expressing my most hearty thanks both to him and to the officers on board for the hospitality and kindness which they afforded me, and, for the help which they gave me in the trawling operations. The “Eesearch” is a paddle vessel of 520 tons register, built last year for the express purpose of surveying, and provided with a steam winch, deep-sea trawls and dredges, and 1000 fathoms of wire rope, with accumulators and accessory tackle. The available space on board was limited; there was no separate cabin at my disposal, so Capt. Aldrich most kindly made me his guest and gave me a berth in his own cabin, and I was given as much room, as could possibly be allowed for storing my bottles and other apparatus.
Relationship between the structure and growth morphology of topaz [Al2SiO4(F,OH)2] using the periodic bond chain method

Abstract A periodic bond chain (PBC) analysis of the topaz [Al 2 SiO 4 (F,OH) 2 ] structure reveals six unique PBCs: 〈001〉, 〈110〉, 〈100〉, 〈101〉, 〈111〉, and 〈211〉. From these, several several crystal forms were predicted to be important: {110}, {001}, {011}, {111}, {112}, {120}, {113}, {231}, {010}, and {101}. Forms observed in natural crystals agree well with those predicted. In addition, surface microtopography, such as striations and polygonized spiral-growth hillocks, shows linear features that coincide with PBC directions.
A new angle on cheap LCDs: making positive use of optical distortion

Most LCD screens exhibit color distortions when viewed at oblique angles. Engineers have invested significant time and resources to alleviate this effect. However, the massive manufacturing base, as well as millions of in-the-wild monitors, means this effect will be common for many years to come. We take an opposite stance, embracing these optical peculiarities, and consider how they can be used in productive ways. This paper discusses how a special palette of colors can yield visual elements that are invisible when viewed straight-on, but visible at oblique angles. In essence, this allows conventional, unmodified LCD screens to output two images simultaneously - a feature normally only available in far more complex setups. We enumerate several applications that could take advantage of this ability.
Co-Evolution of Product Families and Assembly Systems

To cope with the intense global competition that is characterized by high product variety and short life cycles, manufacturers need to share manufacturing systems across products and product generations. Co-evolution of product families and assembly systems is proposed as a novel methodology for the joint design and reconfiguration of product families and assembly systems over several product generations. The co-evolution methodology capitalizes on the opportunities for design and assembly system reuse that are offered by modular product architectures and reconfigurable assembly systems. As a result, co-evolution can lead to reduced product development costs and increased responsiveness to market changes.
Pharmacological evaluation of [11C]A-84543: An enantioselective ligand for in vivo studies of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

[11C]A-84543, 3-[(1-[11C]methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]pyridine, is a specific and enantioselective neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) radiotracer. The in vivo biodistribution of this radiotracer in mice showed high brain uptake and a distribution consistent with the density of nAChRs. Highest uptake was observed in the thalamus (9.6 %ID/g), cortex (9.9 %ID/g), superior colliculus (7.6 %ID/g) and hippocampus (7.6 %ID/g) at 5 min followed by clearance. As a measure of specificity, the thalamus/cerebellar ratio reached a maximum of 2.3 at 30 min post-injection. Radioactivity in the thalamus and superior colliculus was reduced by 33% by pre-administration of unlabeled A-84543. The nAChR agonists (-)nicotine, cytisine, and (+) epibatidine reduced the radioactivity due to [11C]A-84543 in the superior colliculus by 41%, 38%, and 27%, respectively, while lobeline, which also interacts with central nAChRs, produced a 24% inhibition. The noncompetitive nAChR ligand, mecamylamine displayed no inhibitory effect on [11C]A-84543 accumulation in any brain region. Ketanserin (5-HT2/5-HT2C), scopolamine (mAChR antagonist), (+)butaclamol (DA receptor antagonist), and haloperidol (D2/sigma) also displayed no inhibitory effect in any brain region studied. With the pharmacologically less active enantiomer, 3-[(1-[11C]methyl-2(R)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy] pyridine, high brain uptake was also observed, but with a low thalamus/cerebellar ratio of 1.4 at 30 min post-injection. [11C]A-84543 displays enantioselectivity for nAChRs and may deserve further investigation as a possible PET radiotracer.
Early events in node of Ranvier formation during myelination and remyelination in the PNS

Action potential conduction velocity increases dramatically during early development as axons become myelinated. Integral to this process is the clustering of voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels at regularly spaced gaps in the myelin sheath called nodes of Ranvier. We show here that some aspects of peripheral node of Ranvier formation are distinct from node formation in the CNS. For example, at CNS nodes, Nav1.2 channels are detected first, but are then replaced by Nav1.6. Similarly, during remyelination in the CNS, Nav1.2 channels are detected at newly forming nodes. By contrast, the earliest Nav-channel clusters detected during developmental myelination in the PNS have Nav1.6. Further, during PNS remyelination, Nav1.6 is detected at new nodes. Finally, we show that accumulation of the cell adhesion molecule neurofascin always precedes Nav channel clustering in the PNS. In most cases axonal neurofascin (NF-186) accumulates first, but occasionally paranodal neurofascin is detected first. We suggest there is heterogeneity in the events leading to Nav channel clustering, indicating that multiple mechanisms might contribute to node of Ranvier formation in the PNS.
Parity and body weight in the United States: differences by race and size of place of residence.

Objective: In women, parity has been studied in relation to body weights. This study examined whether and how relationships between parity and body weight differ by race and size of place of residence, adjusting for sociodemographic factors (age, income, education, working status, and marital status) and health behaviors (alcohol consumption, birth control pills, diet, physical activity, and smoking). Research Methods and Procedures: A U.S. national sample of 3398 white and black women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to study the relationships using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The parity—weight relationships varied by race and size of place of residence. After adjusting for the covariates, significant relationships between parity and body weight were found only in black women in metropolitan areas and white women in non-metropolitan areas. Compared with women with no children, white women with two children living in non-metropolitan areas tended to have lower BMIs, whereas black women in metropolitan areas with one or two children showed higher BMIs. Discussion: Overall, the parity—weight relationships in these groups of women were not strong or linear. The parity—weight relationships of black women in non-metropolitan areas warrant further examination.
Prevention of maternal‐infant hepatitis B virus transmission by immunization: The role of serum hepatitis B virus DNA

Sera from 108 HBsAg carrier mothers at delivery and their respective offspring at birth and at 6 months of age were examined for hepatitis B virus DNA by the dot-blot hybridization technique. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 83% of 88 carrier mothers who were HBeAg positive, and in 10% of 20 carrier mothers who were HBeAg negative. All five infants born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers with hepatitis B virus DNA levels over 80 pg per 10 μl of serum were infected by hepatitis B virus, in spite of receiving hepatitis B immunization. All 17 infants without hepatitis B immunization who were born to HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA-positive carrier mothers developed hepatitis B virus infection. Of 56 infants born to HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA-positive carrier mothers and who had received hepatitis B immunization, a higher hepatitis B virus infection rate was found in a group of infants whose sera hepatitis B virus DNA were positive (15/16, 93.8%) than in infants whose sera were negative (17/40, 42.5%) at birth (p<0.0005). These data suggest that the assay for hepatitis B virus DNA in sera of HBsAg carrier mothers at delivery or their infants at birth will predict the efficacy of hepatitis B immunization for prevention of maternal-infant hepatitis B virus transmission.
From Breaking News to the Traditional News Cycle: A Qualitative Analysis of How Journalists Craft Resonance Through Storytelling

Through qualitative content analysis of breaking and traditional news coverage of the balloon boy hoax, this article expands on research that explores how journalists craft resonance through storytelling. Scholars haven’t applied resonance to breaking news; yet, it is an important context in which to study resonance—news values and routines differ, and the impact on audiences is greater. Because journalists apply different news values and storytelling techniques in breaking news, this storytelling context heightens resonance.
Automatic Regulation of Synchronous Condensers Equipped with Superspeed Excitation

This paper describes extensive field tests made on the super-high-speed excitation equipment used with the 30,000-kv-a. synchronous condensers at the Plymouth Meeting Substation of the Philadelphia Electric Company. Oscillograms and calculated curves showing the performance of the synchronous condensers with this equipment are included, together with a discussion of the results obtained.
Luminescence Decay As A Probe Of Exciton Motion In One-Dimensional Crystals

The luminescence decay curves from crystals of two linear chain salts, (CH )4 NMnC13 (TMMC) and CsMnBr3(CMB), doped with exciton scattering as well as exciton trapping impurities Wre been investigated. In TMMC relatively small concentrations (1-5%) of Cd , a scattering impurity, dramatically reduce exciton trapping consistent, with expectations for highly one-dimensional systems. The effect of scattering impurities is much less dramatic in CMB where the exciton migration is clearly less one-dimensional. The lumines-cence decay curves from mixed crystals containing CsMnBr3 and CsMgBr3 or CsCdBr3 indicate that above 100K excitons percolate freely through the lattice at mole fractions of Mn2+as low as 0.1.
Inner macular hyperreflectivity demonstrated by optical coherence tomography in niemann-pick disease.

We present spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT; Heidelberg Spectralis) imaging of 3 patients with Niemann-Pick disease type B, expanding the range of previously reported anatomic correlates of the ophthalmoscopic macular halo surrounding the “cherry-red spot.” 1
Expression profile analysis of neurodegenerative disease: advances in specificity and resolution.

Microarray technology has become a common tool for developing expression profiles. Initially used in the analysis of cells lines and homogeneous tissues, this platform has been applied to more diverse tissues, such as the brain. Several neural disorders have already been profiled by microarrays using relatively large amounts of tissue. This data has unveiled many genes with differential expression between normal and diseased tissue that could potentially be used as gene markers for these afflictions. Because of the heterogeneity of the CNS, it is likely that small differences between gene expression in these studies would be enhanced by the sampling of a subset of cells based on these newly characterized gene markers. Subtraction of normal, unaffected cells from the sample may also result in a more accurate profile of a diseased cell. Expression profile studies from several neuropathological states are presented, with emphasis placed on those studies using small samples of cellular material and those using specialized methods of cell isolation and RNA amplification
Spinal GABA receptors mediate brain delta opioid analgesia in Swiss Webster mice

Morphine and heroin act on supraspinal mu-opioid receptors in ICR mice to activate descending noradrenergic and serotonergic systems to inhibit the tail flick response. Antinociception induced by supraspinal [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE, delta agonist) involves a descending system mediated by spinal gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABAA and GABAB, receptors. Because in Swiss Webster mice the receptor selectivity of heroin changes to delta whereas morphine remains mu, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether this delta action of heroin was mediated spinally by GABAA and GABAB receptors. Bicuculline (GABAA receptor antagonist) and picrotoxin (chloride ion channel blocker) given intrathecally produced rightward shifts in the dose-response curves of DPDPE and heroin given intracerebroventricularly. Thus, spinal GABAA receptors were involved. Intrathecal administration of 2-hydroxysaclofen (GABAB receptor antagonist) also shifted the dose-response curves to the right. Thus, the antinociception produced by heroin, like DPDPE, by activation of delta receptors in the brain of Swiss Webster mice involved both GABAA and the GABAB receptors in the spinal cord.
Conductivity of highly sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide in the powder form as a function of temperature and humidity

Block-copolymers with highly sulfonated ionomer blocks are considered as leading candidates for low-humidity high-temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell membranes. We present a new approach that allows for faster measurement of conductivity of powdered ionomers in a wide range of temperature and humidity with a single 10–30 mg sample. Our method is exemplified by a case study of polyphenylenesufide with a degree of sulfonation 0.70. This material shows 0.12 S/cm conductivity at 127 °C and 50% relative humidity. At higher temperatures and lower humidities, this polymer undergoes irreversible cross-linking. Further routes to improving conductivity, chemical and mechanical properties of the polymer are discussed.
Seasonal variation in LH and FSH of bilaterally castrated snowshoe hares

Abstract Experiments were designed to study the effect of bilateral castration on pituitary FSH and LH and serum LH in snowshoe hares live-trapped near Rochester, Alberta, Canada. Hares of both sexes were gonadectomized at different times during the year and sacrificed 45 days after gonadectomy. The pituitaries were assayed for LH and FSH using modifications of the Parlow OAAD and Steelman and Pohley HCG augmentation methods, respectively. Castration stimulated the pituitary at those times when the gland was active but not when it was inactive (i.e., during, or just prior to, the breeding season). These observations support the hypothesis that the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is insensitive to the removal of gonadal steroids during the nonbreeding season. Two separate control mechanisms were proposed for the regulation of reproductive function in seasonally breeding animals. First, a primary mechanism sensitive to some environmental cue, probably light, turns “on” the hypothalamic-hypophysial-neurosecretory system prior to the breeding season. The neurosecretions then stimulate the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, which in turn stimulates the gonads and reproductive tract. Only when this primary mechanism is operative and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is functioning, can the secondary mechanisms (i.e., negative feedback of steroids and external behavioral interactions) be demonstrated.
RISM calculation of the structure of liquid chloroform

It is shown that the RISM theory of molecular liquids provides an accurate prediction of the measured neutron scattering structure factor of deuterated liquid chloroform.
Transient severe hyperbilirubinemia after hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin in patients with liver metastases

We have observed severe, but rapidly reversible, hyperbilirubinemia in patients receiving hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of oxaliplatin. We performed a retrospective analysis to characterize this unusual phenomenon. We reviewed the electronic medical records of 113 consecutive patients receiving HAI oxaliplatin to describe the associated hyperbilirubinemia. Four of 113 patients (3.5 %) presented with transient, severe (grade 3/4) hyperbilirubinemia post-HAI oxaliplatin. Peak levels of total bilirubin within 10–16 h of starting HAI oxaliplatin were 4.6, 12.2, 12.8, and 21.2 mg/dL and declined rapidly (within 24 after stopping treatment). One out of four patients experienced severe abdominal pain, and another patient had an infusion reaction (hypertension and hypoxemia) that reversed after discontinuation of infusion. Total bilirubin was predominantly direct. No significant decline in hemoglobin or increase in alkaline phosphatase occurred. Increase in liver transaminases post-infusion was mild to moderate (grades 1–3) and was seen after HAI oxaliplatin regardless of the emerged hyperbilirubinemia. Severe hyperbilirubinemia is a rare but rapidly reversible adverse effect of HAI oxaliplatin and may be accompanied by an abdominal pain syndrome or infusion reaction. Treating physicians should be aware for the potential of this reaction. The mechanism of this unusual reaction merits further investigation.
Concern for appropriateness as a moderator variable in the statistical explanation of self‐reported use of alcohol and marijuana

Two studies examine the Concern for Appropriateness Scale (Lennox & Wolfe, 1984) as a likely moderator of dispositional and environmental variables associated with self-reported use of alcohol and marijuana by college and precollege students. In Study 1, data from 408 upper division students show that concern score interacts significantly with religiosity in analyses of use of both drugs, but not with any of 11 other dispositional variables nor with drug-specific environment predictors in analyses of use of either drug. In Study 2, data from 242 recent high school graduates show that concern score interacts significantly with religiosity and drug-specific environment in the explanation of alcohol use but not in the explanation of marijuana use. All of the significant interactions are in the predicted direction. Results therefore suggest that the concern scale is valid for some of its intended purposes.
Knowledge management by example

Knowledge has many components such as data, constraints, queries, transactions, and derivation rules. Data is the only component that can be managed effectively in large quantities. All other components are in their infancy in terms of tools and techniques for efficient storage and retrieval, implementation and execution, and user specification and design. One approach to manage all components of knowledge in large quantities is to reduce them all to data. Many components of knowledge can be expressed in terms of examples, and examples are data. As such, all these components can be stored and retrieved efficiently in large quantities, their execution reduces to data comparison and can be done in parallel, and they can be specified, designed, and modified by end users since examples are more intuitive and easy to manipulate than general procedures.
Four-wave mixing mediated stabilization of an orthogonally coupled monolithic CPM laser

We experimentally confirm four-wave mixing process as the dominant mechanism responsible for injection locking in case of a novel monolithically integrated orthogonally coupled colliding pulse mode-locked (CPM) laser.
Influence of Diet on Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Channel Catfish

Abstract A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of commercial diets (32% protein, 3% fat [32/3 diet] or 36% protein, 8% fat [36/8 diet]; Malick Aquafeed, Inc.) and the influence of strain (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] 103 or Norris) on performance variables and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities in the liver, muscle, and intestine of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Juvenile channel catfish (average weight = 29.71 and 38.79 g for USDA 103 and Norris strains, respectively) were stocked into sixteen 152-L aquaria at a density of 10 fish/aquarium. Four aquaria were used for each dietary treatment. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 16 weeks. Results indicated that diet and strain had significant (P < 0.05) main effects on weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate. Diet composition had a significant main effect on condition factor, regardless of strain. There was a significant (P < 0.0007) fish strain × die...
Expression of functional Kir6.1 channels regulates glutamate release at CA3 synapses in generation of epileptic form of seizures.

The Kir6.1 channels are a subtype of ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium (KATP) channels that play an essential role in coupling the cell’s metabolic events to electrical activity. In this study, we show that functional Kir6.1 channels are located at excitatory pre-synaptic terminals as a complex with type-1 Sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1) in the hippocampus. The mutant mice with deficiencies in expressing the Kir6.1 or the SUR1 gene are more vulnerable to generation of epileptic form of seizures, compared to wild-type controls. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings demonstrate that genetic deletion of the Kir6.1/SUR1 channels enhances glutamate release at CA3 synapses. Hence, expression of functional Kir6.1/SUR1 channels inhibits seizure responses and possibly acts via limiting excitatory glutamate release.
Modeling Radiation Dosimetry to Predict Cognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with CNS Embryonal Tumors

Materials/Methods: Pediatric patients (n 39) with CNS embryonal tumors were prospectively evaluated with serial cognitive testing before and after post-operative risk-adapted craniospinal (CSI) and conformal primary site irradiation followed by chemotherapy. Patients were characterized according to age (median 7.3 years); median follow-up (42.7 months); male:female ratio 25:14; diagnosis (MB, n 34; sPNET, n 1; ATRT, n 4); tumor location (infratent 35; supratent 4); and risk-classification (average 14; high 25). Average-risk included residual tumor 1.5cm and no evidence of metastases regardless of tumor location. Risk-adapted CSI (23.4 Gy-average risk; 36–39.6 Gy-high risk), conformal posterior fossa irradiation (36.0 Gy-average risk only) and conformal primary site irradiation (CTV 2cm) to 55.8 Gy was delivered at 1.8 Gy/day. Differential DVHs were calculated from composite dosimetry for the total brain, supratentorial brain, infratentorial brain, and left and right temporal lobe volumes and integrated in 5 Gy increments for correlation with IQ evaluations conducted after surgery and 1, 2, and 5 years from completion of therapy using standard instruments; all patients had 3 or more evaluations. A linear mixed model with random coefficients was used to estimate the impact of the specific dose intervals and their fractional volumes on the slope of longitudinal IQ and included age and other covariates. Integrated dosimetry was partitioned into two (low and high) or three (low, intermediate and high) dose intervals with corresponding divisions determined by experimenting over the range of dose in increments of 5 Gy. Model were checked by examining the estimating equation for direction of slope, magnitude of the dose-volume coefficients and their p-value. The divisions which resulted in coefficients with the highest level of statistical significance were chosen.
Computer-based systems for cooperative work and group decision making

Application of computer and communications technology to cooperative work and group decision making has grown out of three traditions: computer-based communications, computer:based information service provision, and computer-based decision support. This paper reviews the group decision support systems (GDSSs) that have been configured to meet the needs of groups at work, and evaluates the experience to date with such systems. Progress with GDSSs has proved to be slower than originally anticipated because of shortcomings with available technology, poor integration of the various components of the computing package, and incomplete understanding of the nature of group decision making. Nevertheless, the field shows considerable promise with respect to the creation of tools to aid in group decision making and the development of sophisticated means of studying the dynamics of decision making in groups.
Pushing the Limits of High-Resolution in Marine Seismic Profiling

It has become commonplace to record high-resolution marine seismic profiles in digital format and to base the choice of sampling rate on the traditional assumption that seismic signals are of limited bandwidth. The truth is that seismic signals are causal and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle prohibits causal signals being bandlimited. Since only signals with finite bandwidth can be digitized without loss of information, the implication is that at least some resolution is always lost when seismic signals are digitized. A research program to improve seismic resolution, begun in 1987 at the University of Utrecht and now continuing at the University of Mississippi, has investigated ways to minimize that loss and to recover from seismograms as much geologic information as possible. This paper addresses theoretical considerations encountered by the program and presents experimental results which demonstrate the seismic resolution it is currently possible to achieve in shallow and deep water using commercial...
Histopathology of serum-transmitted immune polioencephalomyelitis in C58 mice.

SummaryA histopathologic study of serumtransmitted immune polioencephalomyelitis in C58 mice showed that the inflammatory nature of the CNS lesions in the serumtransmitted disease did not differ significantly from the disease actively induced by inactivated syngeneic malignant lymphocytes. The histopathology was characterized by perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates in the gray matter of the spinal cord and brain stem with accompanying microglial proliferation and neuronal destruction. Demyelination, inclusion body formation, astrocyte proliferation, and cerebral and cerebellar involvement were absent. Evidence was summarized indicating that the active serum component was not an immunoglobulin but probably a processed antigen or a lymphokine. The disease appears to result from an age-dependent autoimmune response to theta or theta-like antigens common to CNS tissues and lymphoid cells.
Non-dipole effects in (e,2e) and photoelectron experiments: a comparison

Abstract Photoelectron and ( e , 2 e ) experiments are compared under limiting conditions. The results of an ( e , 2 e ) experiment in the helium autoionizing region are presented. Spectra taken for ejected electron directions 180 ∘ apart are analyzed using a new technique involving fundamental magnitudes and phases. It is shown that although all quantities may not be deduced from the experimental data, reliable values may be obtained for the net magnitude and phase of the summed non-resonant even parity amplitude relative to those of the resonant dipole amplitude.
Unilateral hypoxic-ischemic injury in young children from abusive head trauma, lacking craniocervical vascular dissection or cord injury.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) in young children usually has a severe outcome when associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), which is best characterized by MRI in the acute or subacute phase utilizing diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). HIE in this setting has been hypothesized to result from stretching of the spinal cord, brainstem, or vasculature. To provide clinical correlation in patients with unilateral HIE and to postulate a mechanism in the setting of suspected AHT. IRB approval was obtained. Over a 5-year period, the medical records and images were reviewed of the 53 children ≤3 years of age who presented with acute head trauma according to the hospital registry. The children were subselected in order to determine how many suffered either HIE or AHT, and to detect those with unilateral HIE. In 11 of the 53 children, the etiology of the head trauma was highly suspicious for abuse. In 38 the head trauma was accidental and in 4 the trauma was of unknown etiology and at the time of this report was unresolved legally. Of the 53, 4 suffered HIE confirmed by CT or MRI. In three of these four with HIE the trauma was considered highly suspicious for AHT. Two of these three were the only patients with unilateral HIE, and both (7 months and 14 months of age) presented with early subacute phase HIE seen on DW MRI (range 4–7 days) and are described in detail with clinical correlation. The third child with AHT and HIE had bilateral findings. In the fourth patient the HIE was bilateral and was considered accidental. The work-up for both patients with unilateral HIE included head CT, craniocervical MRI, and craniocervical MR angiography (MRA). In both, there was mostly unilateral, deep white matter restricted diffusion, with subdural hematomas that were small compared to the extent of hypoxic-ischemic insult, and no skull fracture. Craniocervical MRA and axial thin-section fat-saturation images were negative for dissection, brainstem, or cord injury. Legal authorities obtained a confession of inflicted injury in one and a partial confession in the second (which did not fit the extent of injury). Five other children with HIE (based on DWI) were found during this period who had not suffered head trauma; all were bilateral insults. HIE associated with AHT might present with largely unilateral white matter injury on DWI following extensive cortical infarction. We propose that unilateral HIE in a young child might be a sign of AHT and might result from cervical vascular compression, whether from kinking during hyperflexion/hyperextension or from direct strangulation.
The Mercer online interactive chaotic pendulum

At Mercer University, we have developed an online interactive chaotic pendulum. This pendulum is unique in that it is not a computer simulation but an actual device that can be remotely controlled through the Internet. Our objective is threefold. We are attempting to provide an educational resource for chaos, demonstrate a new technology, and experiment with a new method of laboratory education. As students vary the driving frequency, they can watch the pendulum's motion switch from simple periodic motion to chaotic motion. The control software incorporates several mathematical analysis functions so that students can view the pendulum data in different ways. Students can conduct experiments using the pendulum, download their data, and conduct their own mathematical analysis.
Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems

Abstract : A foundational model of concurrency is developed in this thesis. It examines issues in the design of parallel systems and show why the actor model is suitable for exploiting large-scale parallelism. Concurrency in actors is constrained only by the availability of hardware resources and by the logical dependence inherent in the computation. Unlike dataflow and functional programming, however, actors are dynamically reconfigurable and can model shared resources with changing local state. Concurrency is spawned in actors using asynchronous message-passing, pipelining, and the dynamic creation of actors. The author defines an abstract actor machine and provide a minimal programming language for it. A more expressive language, which includes higher level constructs such as delayed and eager evaluation, can be defined in terms of the primitives. Examples are given to illustrate the ease with which concurrent data and control structures can be programmed. This thesis deals with some central issues in distributed computing. Specifically, problems of divergence and deadlock are addressed. Additional keywords: Object oriented programming; Semantics.
The estimation of the impact of residential zoning on land values

Abstract Assuming that residential zoning places an upper limit on the ratio of capital to land, an appropriate econometric technique is suggested to estimate the effect of zoning on land values.
Headaches Related to Rheumatologic Disease

Headaches are a common, but under-recognized and understudied symptom in the context of the rheumatic diseases. They can result from intracranial pathology, such as parenchymal and meningeal inflammation, thrombosis, space-occupying lesions, and more. Inflammation, irritation, or degeneration of anatomically related structures such as the eyes, neck, and sinuses can equally cause headaches. In addition, patients with rheumatologic disorders have the same tendencies as the general population to develop primary headaches. While the latter are benign in nature, and generally require only symptomatic relief, the former type of headaches may signal disease manifestation, progression, or complication. Thus, familiarity with common and uncommon headache syndromes related to rheumatologic disorders as well as with their possible underlying disease processes and mechanisms is important. This will help to successfully develop an effective approach toward the evaluation of patients presenting with headaches in a rheumatologic context, and, ultimately, diagnose and treat potentially severe underlying disease.
Characterizing major depression phenotypes by presence and type of psychomotor disturbance in adolescents and young adults

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is phenomenologically heterogeneous, which has prompted investigation of intermediate MDD phenotypes based on specific key symptoms. Presence and type of psychomotor disturbance may be an important psychopathologic feature that differentiates clinically distinct forms of juvenile MDD. This study examined the phenotypic status of three putative MDD phenotypes in a community sample of 941 youths: (1) agitated depression (MDD with psychomotor agitation), (2) retarded depression (MDD with psychomotor retardation), and (3) agitated-retarded depression (MDD with psychomotor agitation and retardation within an episode). Hasler et al.'s [2004: Neuropsychopharmacology 29:1765-1781] criteria of specificity (degree of association with relevant symptoms and conditions related to the disease of interest versus other psychiatric conditions), stability (degree of stability over time), and heritability (degree of familial aggregation with relevant conditions) were used to evaluate the phenotypic significance of these subtypes. Results were suggestive that agitated depression was a relatively specific phenotypic syndrome characterized by irritability, arousal, physical complaints, and vulnerability to anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence; low stability across depressive episodes; and low heritability. Agitated-retarded depression was relatively specific and characterized by increased severity, recurrence, vegetative symptoms, suicidal ideation, social impairment, endogeneity, and vulnerability to anxiety disorders and bulimia; low stability across episodes; and modest heritability. Although retarded depression was associated with some specific distinguishing characteristics, most associations were explained by the increased severity of this phenotype. Retarded depression evidenced little stability or heritability. These findings offer partial support of the phenotypic status of agitated and agitated-retarded depression in youths.
Indoor Positioning with an Enterprise Radio Access Network

Abstract We introduce an indoor positioning technology based on an enterprise 3G UMTS radio access network and unmodified mobile phones. We describe the architecture and operation of a prototype that we have developed, and present empirical operational results from multiple enterprise settings. We discuss the relative advantages of using an enterprise RAN platform for indoor positioning, and examine both the challenges shared with alternative RF-based positioning technologies (e.g., WiFi), as well as the new and unique challenges that indoor cellular introduces. Finally, we present empirical results on location accuracy, and discuss how we seek to further improve accuracy using smartphone-based sensors and multiple radios.
Photodetection noise reduction of a 10 GHz fiber-laser-based photonic microwave generator

We demonstrate reduced photodetection noise floor of a 10 GHz fiber laser-based photonic microwave generator by using a pulse repetition-rate-multiplier in combination with a modified Uni-Traveling-Carrier (MUTC) photodiode that features high power handling and linearity. This enables a residual phase noise floor of −170 dBc/Hz at 10 GHz, which is a 5–25 dB improvement over earlier results. Photodiode flicker noise is measured to be near −133/f dBc/Hz.
Formation of fourier phase shifts in the solar Ni i 6768 Å line

A formalism is developed to understand better how Doppler shifts of spectrum lines as inferred from phase shifts in the Fourier transforms of line profiles are related to the underlying velocity structures which they are intended to measure. With a standard model atmosphere and a simplified, quasi-LTE treatment of line formation, the formalism is applied to the Nii 6768 A line which has been selected for use with a network of imaging interferometers under development by the Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) for research in helioseismology. Fourier phase shifts are found to be a remarkably linear measure of velocity even in the presence of gradients and unresolved lateral variations in the assumed velocity field. An assumed outward increase in amplitude of a model oscillatory velocity is noticeably reflected in the center-to-limb behavior of the simulated velocity measure, and a sample model of solar granulation is found to have a strong influence on the formation of the Fourier phase.
Rapid Preoperative Preparation for Severe Hyperthyroid Graves’ Disease

Thyroidectomy (TX) is no longer the preferred choice for the therapy of hyperthyroid Graves’ disease but is an alternative in patients who are noncompliant with or have reactions to antithyroid drugs, have moderate to severe ophthalmopathy, have large goiters, or who refuse 131I therapy and/or long-term antithyroid drug therapy. Seventeen clinically and biochemically severely thyrotoxic patients (16 female, mean age of 35 yr), all but one with large goiters, underwent TX after rapid preparation. The potent inhibitors of the deiodination of T4 to T3, iopanoic acid (IOP) (500 mg twice a day) and dexamethasone (DEX) (1 mg twice a day), were given with propylthiouracil or methimazole, when possible, and β-blockers. Thyroid function tests were obtained before treatment and at TX. All patients were thyrotoxic (mean ± se: T4, 21.6 ± 1.2 μg/dl; free T4 index (FTI), 10.3 ± 0.8; total T3, 510 ± 48 ng/dl). IOP and DEX rapidly lowered T3 values (P < 0.0001; total T3, 147 ± 13 ng/dl) with a smaller but significant (P ...
Pregnancy-induced alterations of uterine arteriolar reactivity in the rat: observations with a new in vivo microcirculatory preparation

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare reactivity of uterine arterioles in vivo between virgin and gravid rats. Study Design: In anesthetized gravid and virgin rats circumferential arterioles were observed by videomicroscopy while vasoactive agonists were suffused over the uterus. Arteriolar diameter changes were compared. Results: Resting and maximum diameters of circumferential arterioles were significantly larger in pregnant animals. Sensitivity to acetylcholine was greater in pregnant animals than in virgin animals (50% effective concentration, 7.1 ± 0.17 negative log mol/L vs 6.1 ± 0.32 negative log mol/L), whereas that to phenylephrine was less (50% effective concentration, 5.3 ± 0.11 negative log mol/L vs 6.0 ± 0.17 negative log mol/L). Angiotensin II–induced constriction was significantly reduced in pregnant rats only at lower concentrations. Serotonin significantly dilated arterioles in virgin rats (76% ± 3% of maximum) but caused significant arteriolar constriction in pregnant animals (65% ± 4% of maximum). Conclusion: The in vivo uterine microcirculatory preparation allows measurement of resistance vessels in the intact animal. Although these results differ from some previous reports, differences may be attributable to vessel location or to in vivo versus in vitro conditions. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:621-6.)
Environmental Impact Characterization of Milling and Implications for Potential Energy Savings in Industry

Since machining is a prevalent process in product manufacture this study reviews the accuracy of a specific energy characterization model to predict the electrical energy consumed by a 3-axis milling machine tool during processing. The energy characterization model had an accuracy of 97.4% for the part manufactured under varied material removal rate conditions and highlighted the potential for energy reduction using higher cutting speeds. Interviews with cutting tool manufacturers and end users showed that there is a genuine potential for energy reduction during milling operations due to the extensive use of uncoated cutting tools in industry.
Phenotypic differences in expression of cytochrome P-450g but not its mRNA in outbred male Sprague-Dawley rats

Cytochrome P-450g was isolated from livers of adult male Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats. Antibody to P-450g cross-reacted with several proteins in Western blots of liver microsomes from male CD rats. An immunospecific antibody was prepared by adsorption over immunoaffinity columns of Sepharose-bound solubilized rat liver microsomes from female CD and male Fischer 344 rats containing little or no P-450g. The immunopurified antibody recognized a single protein on Western blots of liver microsomes from male CD rats with an electrophoretic mobility identical to that of P-450g. Using this antibody, P-450g was shown to be male specific in the CD rat and expressed at maturity. Adult male CD rats were shown to fall into two distinct populations, those expressing high levels of P-450g (+g) and those expressing low levels of P-450g (-g). The P-450g content of the two populations differed 10- to 20-fold. P-450g was low or absent in liver microsomes of both sexes of adult Fischer rats. Purified P-450g catalyzed the hydroxylation of testosterone and androstenedione principally at the 6 beta-position and progesterone at the 16 alpha- and 6 beta-positions in reconstituted systems. However, the hydroxylation of these steroids by liver microsomes from the (+g) phenotype did not differ from that of the (-g) phenotype. Translatable mRNA for P-450g could be detected in livers of adult male CD rats but not female rats. However, the level of P-450g mRNA in livers of adult male CD rats with the (+g) phenotype did not differ from that of (-g) phenotype. These data suggest that phenotypic differences in the expression of P-450g do not depend on differences in mRNA content. This study provides a clear example of a P-450 isozyme which is markedly variable in an outbred strain of rat and absent in an inbred strain. Such a marked variability in an enzyme involved in metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substrates could account for some of the strain differences in susceptibility to toxic chemicals.
Nonlinear effects of glutamate and KCl on glutamate toxicity in cultured rat cerebellar neurons.

Nonlinear responses to toxin exposure have been observed in multiple cell types and organisms across a wide array of phyla. High dose toxin exposures inhibit or kill biological systems, while low dose exposures can stimulate survival mechanisms. We examined the effects of low (10-3, 10-5, 10-7, and 10-9M) and ultra-low (10-25 and 10-61M) KCl and glutamate pretreatment (72 h) against glutamate toxicity in rat cerebellar neurons. Ultra-low dilutions (10-31, 10-61, and 10-401) of an Arnica montana mother tincture were also investigated for their neuroprotective potentials. Viability was significantly enhanced in neurons pretreated with either 10-3M glutamate (10.6%) or 10-9M KCl (6.3%). None of the toxins evaluated displayed significant toxicity at the concentrations indicated. The protective effect of glutamate is likely mediated through activation of N-methyl-D- aspartate receptors, whereas low dose KCl might confer neuroprotection through enhanced alteration of Na+/K+ receptor dynamics. This is the first ...
Resonant infrared laser materials processing at high vibrational excitation density: applications and mechanisms

As laser micromachining is applied to ever smaller structures and more complex materials, the demand for greater control of the laser energy budget, in space and time, grows commensurately. Here we describe materials modification using picosecond resonant laser excitation in the mid-infrared spectral region to create spatially and temporally dense vibrational, rather than electronic, excitation. Examples include ablation of fused silica and machining of crystalline quartz; deposition of functionalized polymers on microstructures, and laser-directed transfer of proteins and nucleotides from a matrix of water ice. The experiments demonstrate that high spatial and temporal density of vibrational excitation can be achieved by ultrafast resonant infrared excitation of selected vibrational modes of these materials. In some cases, resonant infrared materials modification is far more successful than techniques based on ultraviolet excimer lasers. The laser used for most of the experiments was a tunable, high pulse-repetition frequency free-electron laser. However, a comparison of polymer deposition using a conventional nanosecond laser at a wavelength of 2.94 μm shows that the possibility exists for transferring the concept to conventional table-top devices. Mechanistic considerations nevertheless suggest that utlrashort pulses are likely to be more useful than longer pulses for many applications. A figure of merit is proposed for self-consistent comparisons of processing efficiency among different lasers.