cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Resource Management and Building a Positive School Culture

During the past 4 years St Peter’s College has undertaken an organizational cultural change process that builds on its current human resource management framework already in place across the School and has married that with Positive Organizational Scholarship, character strengths and Seligman’s PERMA theory (Seligman MP, Flourish. William Heinemann Australia, North Sydney, 2012, ©2011, 2012). Through our change work in human resource management at St Peter’s College the question that arose was, could Cooperrider’s Appreciative Inquiry 4D model (Cooperrider DL, Sekerka LE, Toward a theory of positive organizational change. In: Positive organizational scholarship: foundations of a new discipline, CA Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco, pp 225–240, 2003) and Kotter’s be combined together? We have overlaid the two of the models together, and it is possible to take the 8 steps of Kotter and then apply that across the board with Cooperrider’s model too. Do we have to have either a traditional approache to human resources or an alternative way of managing people? What we have found in practice at St Peter’s College is that it is a really desirable approach to have both, because we have found that Kotter’s steps one to eight are deeply familiar (almost intuitive) to people who are working in institutions that are really well established.
Compartment-Specific Importance of Ascorbate During Environmental Stress in Plants.

Abstract Significance: Ascorbate is an essential antioxidant in plants. Total contents and its redox state in organelles are crucial to fight and signal oxidative stress. Recent Advances: With quantitative immunoelectron microscopy and biochemical methods, highest ascorbate contents have recently been measured in peroxisomes (23 mM) and the cytosol (22 mM), lowest ones in vacuoles (2 mM), and intermediate concentrations (4–16 mM) in all other organelles. Critical Issues: The accumulation of ascorbate in chloroplasts and peroxisomes is crucial for plant defense. Its depletion in chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria during biotic stress leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the development of chlorosis and necrosis. In the apoplast and vacuoles, ascorbate is the most important antioxidant for the detoxification of ROS. The cytosol acts as a hub for ascorbate metabolism as it reduces its oxidized forms that are produced in the cytosol or imported from other cell compartments. ...
Load balancing and partitioning for parallel signal processing and control algorithms

Large scale signal processing and control applications are now being implemented using parallel computers. Some applications such as tracking and data fusion require novel partitioning and load balancing schemes in order to make parallel processing most effective. In this paper, we survey recent work on these topics. We present diffusion schemes for load balancing and Multidimensional Binary Partitions for spatial partitioning appropriate for hypercube computations.
Formulation of long-wavelength indocyanine green nanocarriers.

Indocyanine green (ICG), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved fluorophore with excitation and emission wavelengths inside the “optical imaging window,” has been incorporated into nanocarriers (NCs) to achieve enhanced circulation time, targeting, and real-time tracking in vivo. While previous studies transferred ICG exogenously into NCs, here, a one-step rapid precipitation process [flash nanoprecipitation (FNP)] creates ICG-loaded NCs with tunable, narrow size distributions from 30 to 180 nm. A hydrophobic ion pair of ICG-tetraoctylammonium or tetradodecylammonium chloride is formed either in situ during FNP or preformed then introduced into the FNP feed stream. The NCs are formulated with cores comprising either vitamin E (VE) or polystyrene (PS). ICG core loadings of 30 wt. % for VE and 10 wt. % for PS are achieved. However, due to a combination of molecular aggregation and Forster quenching, maximum fluorescence (FL) occurs at 10 wt. % core loading. The FL-per-particle scales with core diameter to the third power, showing that FNP enables uniform volume encapsulation. By varying the ICG counter-ion ratio, encapsulation efficiencies above 80% are achieved even in the absence of ion pairing, which rises to 100% with 1∶1 ion pairing. Finally, while ICG ion pairs are shown to be stable in buffer, they partition out of NC cores in under 30 min in the presence of physiological albumin concentrations.
Genomic prediction of continuous and binary fertility traits of females in a composite beef cattle breed

Reproduction efficiency is a major factor in the profitability of the beef cattle industry. Genomic selection (GS) is a promising tool that may improve the predictive accuracy and genetic gain of fertility traits. There is a wide range of traits used to measure fertility in dairy and beef cattle including continuous (days open), discrete (pregnancy status), and count (number of inseminations) responses. In this study, a joint analysis of age of puberty (AOP), age at first calving (AOC), and the heifer pregnancy status (HPS) was performed. Data used in this study consisted of records from 1,365 Composite Gene Combination (CGC; 50% Red Angus, 25% Charolais, 25% Tarentaise) first parity females born between 2002 and 2011. The pedigree file included 5,374 animals. A total of 3,902 animals were genotyped with different density SNP chips (3K to 50K SNP). Animals genotyped with low-density arrays were imputed to higher density (BovineSNP50 BeadChip) using FImpute. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate classical quantitative models (pedigree based) and univariate genomic approaches. For the latter, 3 different Bayesian methods (BayesA, BayesB, and BayesCπ) were implemented and compared. Estimates of heritabilities using univariate and multivariate analyses based on pedigree relationships ranged between 0.03 (for AOC) to 0.2 (AOP). Heritability of pregnancy status was 0.15 and 0.09 using the univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Genetic correlation between pregnancy status and the other 2 traits was low being 0.08 with age at puberty and -0.10 with age at first calving. Heritability estimates were slightly higher using genomic rather than average additive relationships. The accuracy of genomic prediction was similar across the 3 Bayesian methods with higher accuracies for age of puberty than the age at first calving likely due to the higher heritability of the former. The prediction of the binary pregnancy status measured using the area under the curve increased by 27% to 29% compared to a random classifier. Due to the small size of the data, all estimates have large posterior standard deviations and results should be interpreted with caution.
Active H3K27me3 demethylation by KDM6B is required for normal development of bovine preimplantation embryos

The substantial epigenetic remodeling that occurs during early stages of mammalian embryonic development likely contributes to reprogramming the parental genomes from a differentiated to a totipotent state and activation of the embryonic genome. Trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) is a repressive mark that undergoes global dynamic changes during preimplantation development of several species. To ascertain the role of H3K27me3 in bovine preimplantation development we perturbed the activity of KDM6B, which demethylates H3K27me3. Knockdown of maternal KDM6B mRNA inhibited the reduction in global levels of H3K27me3 from 2-cell to 8-cell embryo stages and compromised development to the blastocyst stage; embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage had fewer inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells. In addition, the transcriptome of KDM6B knockdown embryos was altered at the 8-cell stage and characterized by downregulation of transcripts related to transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, and protein catabolism. Inhibiting the catalytic activity of KDM6B with a specific small molecule inhibitor also prevented the global decrease in H3K27me3 and compromised development to the blastocyst stage. These results indicate that histone demethylation activity, mediated by KDM6B, is required for the global decrease in H3K27me3, correct activation of the embryonic genome, and development to the blastocyst stage in bovine embryos.
Environmental Law and Freshwater Ecosystems

This chapter focuses on the contributions of the International Court of Justice to environmental law in two cases involving Nicaragua, which have been many and significant. The judgment in the two cases considered, the Certain Activities and Construction of a Road cases, contains a wealth of material bearing upon the law of wetlands of international importance, governed by the Ramsar Convention, transboundary pollution, and the right of a state to maintain the flow and navigability of a watercourse within its borders.
Compact dual-band filtering antenna based on capacitor loaded patch radiator

A chip capacitor loaded dual-band microstrip patch filtering antenna with closely spaced bands is presented. It is shown that an additional resonance can be created in the frequency response of a microstrip patch antenna by etching a slit on its signal plane and loading it with chip capacitors. The frequency of the new resonance can be controlled through the chip capacitor. For dual-band design, the new resonance frequency (2.46 GHz) is placed close to the patch antenna resonance frequency (2.4 GHz) to obtain a frequency ratio of 1.025. The realized gain in the upper and lower bands is 7.7 dBi and 7.1 dBi leading to estimated efficiencies of 81.5% and 73% respectively. The patch antenna is implemented on a single layer printed circuit board (PCB), occupying an area of 0.54 λ g × 0.48 λ g .
Pentaquark Θ+ production from photon–nucleon reactions

Abstract Pentaquark Θ + baryon production from photon–nucleon reactions is studied in a hadronic model that uses empirical hadron masses and coupling constants as well as includes both K N Θ and K * N Θ couplings. Taking g K N Θ = 3.0 corresponding to a Θ + width of 9 MeV, g K * N Θ = g K N Θ , and a cutoff parameter Λ = 1.2 GeV in form factors, both the Θ + total production cross section and angular distribution are evaluated. For the reaction γ p → K ¯ 0 Θ + , the total cross section for producing a positive parity Θ + is about 300 nb at photon energy E γ = 3 GeV , comparable to the quoted cross section from the SAPHIR experiment at Bonn Electron Stretcher Accelerator. The cross sections for the other reactions γ n → K − Θ + , γ p → K ¯ * 0 Θ + , and γ n → K * − Θ + at E γ = 3 GeV are about 250 nb, 125 nb, and 1350 nb, respectively, if the parity of Θ + is positive. The angular distributions of produced Θ + in these reactions all peak at forward angles. For negative parity Θ + , the total cross sections for these reactions are reduced by more than an order of magnitude, while their angular distributions remain forward peaked.
Anesthesia for Pheochromocytoma and Glomus Jugulare

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are hormonally active adrenal tumors that secrete supraphysiologic levels of catecholamines resulting in chronic sympathetic stimulation. Patients most commonly present with signs and symptoms of adrenergic excess such as paroxysmal hypertension, tachycardia and headache. Alternatively, these tumors may be discovered as incidental masses on abdominal imaging. Surgical resection is currently the only definitive treatment for PCC; it does however, carry the risk of provoking severe intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Perioperative anesthetic considerations for pheochromocytoma resection include adequacy of preoperative adrenergic blockade and volume resuscitation, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, and the anticipation, mitigation and treatment of intraoperative sympathetic stimulation. Current practice guidelines for patient optimization and perioperative management are based largely on retrospective cohort data, as little prospective research is available in the existing literature.
Models of Engaging Private Schools and the Case of Montessori Schools

In this chapter, three private school models with empirical support for engaging youth are presented and discussed: Montessori schools; Eagle Rock School in Estes Park, Colorado; and the planned Arete School in San Rafael, California. Montessori philosophy is built around reverence for the child. In contrast to public schools, Maria Montessori believed that mental development was dependent on movement, and that overall development was dependent on autonomous actions and the cultivation of interests in the world. Rathunde and Csikszentmihalyi’s studies using the experience sampling method found that students in Montessori high schools were significantly more engaged, reporting more positive experiences at school and perceiving their classmates to be friends to a greater extent, than a matched sample of students in traditional public high schools. The Eagle Rock School provides another compelling private school example of engaging students, who, before entering the Eagle Rock, had experienced only failure in school. The culture of the school revolves around the foundational values of a learning environment rather than a testing environment, nurturing relationships, principles rather than rules, and democratic life. Individual testimonies suggest that even the hardest to engage at the time of admission became deeply immersed and committed at Eagle Rock. The planned Arete School in San Rafael, CA, seeks to infuse the entire schooling experience with positive aspects of sports culture. The Arete Schools is based on a program piloted in public schools that was found to meet exceeded standards for motivation and learning established by learner-centered models of excellence.
Influence of Vineyard Management Practices and Cultivar on Grape Berry Properties

Introduction Factors influencing berry properties of grapes are numerous and include environmental factors, management practices, and cultivar differences. Vintners are continually seeking ways to modify these variables to optimize harvest dates and ensure superior fruit quality. The most widely accepted and commonly used measures of berry maturity include pH, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity.
Alternative Uses for Course Management Systems: They Aren't Just for Classes Any More

Universities are quickly moving from brick and mortar toward online classroom settings. The online setting provides students with increased accessibility and flexibility to attend classes they would normally be unable to attend. Unfortunately, for those students who never attend classes on campus, many campus resources are not accessible. Students who attend online are often challenged by a lack of access to on-campus resources such as the ability to contact an academic advisor, retrieve forms, obtain timely information, use the writing lab, and technology assistance. Additionally, many adult learners are returning to school to further their education after a long period of time. These students are surprised at their lack of technical skills needed to complete course work. Virtually all courses in the Purdue University Calumet School of Nursing were either hybrids or totally online. Thus the School needed to reach all students equally with student supportive services whether they were attending class on campus or through distant learning. In response to the aforementioned issues, the School created series of "support courses" within the University's course management system. These were not credit courses. Each student was provided access to them in his or her course list and interacted with them as if they were real distance learning courses. The alternative course development began with the “Undergraduate Academic Advisor” site where students accessed a myriad of advising resources. A “Graduate Advisor” support course was then developed to provide graduate students with resources needed for both their classroom and clinical experiences. In the “Carol's Corner” support course, all students found general school information, including information about student organizations. A “Faculty Intranet” site disseminated information rapidly among faculty and allowed them to interact with each other online. Lastly, the School developed a “Computer Tutor” support course to enhance technical skills of students to ensure program success. Changes and upgrades to each site were done based on user evaluations and needs by all participants. In general, faculty, staff and students evaluated these on-line course management additions positively.
A Field Study of Capillary and Hydraulic Barriers in Landfill Covers Varying in Slope at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

The tailings pond at Sillamae, Estonia, is an oval retention impoundment on the waterfront of the Gulf of Finland, with an overall area of about 330,000 m2 [1]. The top of the dam is about 25 m above sea level and a tailings pond containing about 150,000 m3 of acid wastewater covers about 30% of the area. The tailings pond contains about 8 million m3 of wastes, including uranium tailings, oil-shale fly ash, and loparite ore processing tailings. Environmental concerns include the stability of the dike, leaching of uranium and toxic heavy metals into the ground water and into the Gulf of Finland, and radon and dust emissions from the wastes.
De Novo Mutational Signature Discovery in Tumor Genomes using SparseSignatures

Cancer is the result of mutagenic processes that can be inferred from genome sequences by analysis of mutational signatures. Here we present SparseSignatures, a novel framework to extract mutational signatures from somatic point mutation data. Our approach incorporates DNA replication error as a background, enforces sparsity of non-background signatures, uses cross-validation to identify the number of signatures, and is scalable to very large datasets. We apply SparseSignatures to whole genome sequences of 2827 tumors from 20 cancer types and show by standard metrics that our set of signatures is substantially more robust than previously reported ones, having eliminated redundancy and overfitting. Known mutagens (e.g., UV light, benzo(a)pyrene, APOBEC dysregulation) exhibit single signatures and occur in the expected tissues, a dominant signature with uncertain etiology is present in liver cancers, and other cancers exhibit a mixture of signatures or are dominated by background and CpG methylation signatures. Apart from cancers that are mostly due to environmental mutagens there is virtually no correlation between cancer types and signatures, highlighting the idea that any of several mutagenic pathways can be active in any solid tissue.
A Theology of Neediness and Evangelism

Twentieth century theologian Karl Barth viewed human beings as more needy than any other part of creation. Human neediness leads one into relationship with God or into independence, away from God. Barth understood evangelism as speaking out of one's own deeply felt neediness to another also in need, attesting to what one has come to know of God in his/her own life. His perspective is helpful to nurses wanting to bear witness of God's work in their lives.
Small interfering RNA targeting RHBDF1 inhibits epithelial cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo

3447 The human rhomboid family-1 gene (RHBDF1), a novel gene, is overexpressed in clinical specimens of stage-I breast invasive ductal carcinoma, and is present in breast cancer or head and neck squamous cancer cell lines. In this study, we used RNA interfering technology that targets RHBDF1 mRNA in cultured cancer cells and in established human cancer xenograft tumors. Silencing the RHBDF1 gene with short interfering RNA (siRNA) in breast cancer or head and neck squamous cancer cells leads to inhibition of cell proliferation. The treatment causes apoptosis in breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells, but it causes autophagy in the head and neck squamous cancer 1483 cells, suggesting that certain critical growth signaling pathways may have become defective as a result. We then evaluated the efficacy of the RHBDF1 siRNA on tumor growth in animal models. The siRNA molecules were encapsulated by using histidine-lysine polymer nanoparticles. Athymic nude mice bearing either MDA-MB-435 or 1483 xenografts were treated with the nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA by intravenous injection. In each case, tumors in the treated groups exhibited significantly reduced growth rates compared to those in the control groups. At the experiment endpoint, the average tumor volume of the treated groups was about 55% smaller than that of the untreated groups (p
Does Gender Equality Influence Volunteerism? A Cross-National Analysis of Women’s Volunteering Habits and Gender Equality

Research regarding the roles of women in society and in political and social organizations is large, with scholars focusing on the likelihood of political and social engagement. However, few of these studies examine the influence of gender on participation in voluntary organizations by utilizing cross-national data. This study intends to analyze the influence of gender on the type of organization that an individual volunteers and on whether these volunteering habits are influenced by the gender equality in a country. Is there segregation in the type of organizations men and women volunteer? Do women in more gender equal societies have similar volunteering patterns as men, or does the difference continue in volunteering? For this study, we use the World Values Survey from 1999 to 2002, to identify the differences in the types of organizations that men and women volunteer and discuss the impact gender equality has on these volunteering patterns.
Early First Deployment and Risk of Suicide Attempt Among First-term Enlisted Soldiers in the U.S. Army.

Objective We examined early first deployment and subsequent suicide attempt among U.S. Army soldiers. Method Using 2004-2009 administrative data and person-month records of first-term, Regular Army, enlisted soldiers with one deployment (89.2% male), we identified 1,704 soldiers with a documented suicide attempt during or after first deployment and an equal-probability control sample (n = 25,861 person-months). Results Logistic regression analyses indicated soldiers deployed within the first 12 months of service were more likely than later deployers to attempt suicide (OR = 1.7 [95% CI = 1.5-1.8]). Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, service-related characteristics, and previous mental health diagnosis slightly attenuated this association (OR = 1.6 [95% CI = 1.5-1.8]). Results were not modified by gender, deployment status, military occupation, or mental health diagnosis. The population-attributable risk proportion for deploying within the first 12 months of service was 17.8%. Linear spline models indicated similar risk patterns over time for early and later deployers, peaking at month 9 during deployment and month 5 postdeployment; however, monthly suicide attempt rates were consistently higher for early deployers. Conclusions Enlisted soldiers deployed within the first 12 months of service have elevated risk of suicide attempt during and after first deployment. Improved understanding of why early deployment increases risk can inform the development of policies and intervention programs.
Production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix is dominated by site IQ of complex I in diverse cell lines

Abstract Understanding how mitochondria contribute to cellular oxidative stress and drive signaling and disease is critical, but quantitative assessment is difficult. Our previous studies of cultured C2C12 cells used inhibitors of specific sites of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production to show that mitochondria generate about half of the hydrogen peroxide released by the cells, and site IQ of respiratory complex I produces up to two thirds of the superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Here, we used the same approach to measure the engagement of these sites in seven diverse cell lines to determine whether this pattern is specific to C2C12 cells, or more general. These diverse cell lines covered primary, immortalized, and cancerous cells, from seven tissues (liver, cervix, lung, skin, neuron, heart, bone) of three species (human, rat, mouse). The rate of appearance of hydrogen peroxide in the extracellular medium spanned a 30-fold range from HeLa cancer cells (3 pmol/min/mg protein) to AML12 liver cells (84 pmol/min/mg protein). The mean contribution of identified mitochondrial sites to this extracellular hydrogen peroxide signal was 30 ± 7% SD; the mean contribution of NADPH oxidases was 60 ± 14%. The relative contributions of different sites in the mitochondrial electron transport chain were broadly similar in all seven cell types (and similar to published results for C2C12 cells). 70 ± 4% of identified superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generation in the mitochondrial matrix was from site IQ; 30% ± 4% was from site IIIQo. We conclude that although absolute rates vary considerably, the relative contributions of different sources of hydrogen peroxide production are similar in nine diverse cell types under unstressed conditions in vitro. Identified mitochondrial sites account for one third of total cellular hydrogen peroxide production (half each from sites IQ and IIIQo); in the mitochondrial matrix the majority (two thirds) of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide is from site IQ.
Caregiver Assessment Using Smart Gaming Technology: A Feasibility Study

As pre-diagnostic technologies are becoming increasingly accessible, using them to improve the quality of care available to dementia patients and their caregivers is of increasing interest. Specifically, we aim to develop a tool for non-invasively assessing task performance in a simple gaming application. To address this, we have developed Caregiver Assessment using Smart Technology (CAST), a mobile application that personalizes a traditional word scramble game. Its core functionality uses a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) optimized via a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to provide customized performance measures for each user of the system. With CAST, we match the relative level of difficulty of play using the individual’s ability to solve the word scramble tasks. We provide an analysis of the preliminary results for determining task difficulty, with respect to our current participant cohort.
TREE-FUNGUS INTERACTIONS IN ECTOMYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS

The mycorrhiza is probably the most common symbiosis in which higher plants engage. More than 80% of higher terrestrial plants may be mycorrhizal.1 This may make the mycorrhiza the most common symbiosis in all of nature! Mycorrhizal fungi, those fungi that participate in the mycorrhizal symbiosis, are important and sometimes essential to their hosts, primarily because they can provide an avenue for nutrient (mostly N and P) acquisition in addition to the roots.
Soil saturation effects on forest dynamics: scaling across a southern boreal/northern hardwood landscape

Patch modeling can be used to scale-up processes to portray landscape-level dynamics. Via direct extrapolation, a heterogeneous landscape is divided into its constituent patches; dynamics are simulated on each representative patch and are weighted and aggregated to formulate the higher level response. Further extrapolation may be attained by coarsening the resolution of or lumping environmental data (e.g., climatic, edaphic, hydrologic, topographic) used to delimit a patch. Forest patterns at the southern boreal/northern hardwood transition zone are often defined by soil heterogeneity, determined primarily by the extent and duration of soil saturation. To determine how landscape-level dynamics predicted from direct extrapolation compare when coarsening soil parameters, we simulated forest dynamics for soil series representing a range of drainage classes from east-central Maine. Responses were aggregated according to the distribution of soil associations comprising a 600 ha area based on local- (1:12,000), county- (1:120,000) and state- (1:250,000) scale soil maps. At the patch level, simulated aboveground biomass accumulated more slowly in poorer draining soils. Different soil series yielded different communities comprised of species with various tolerances for soil saturation. When aggregated, removal of waterlogging caused a 20‐60% increase in biomass accumulation during the first 50 years of simulation. However, this early successional increase and the maximum level of biomass accumulation over a 200 year period varied by as much as 40% depending on the geospatial data. This marked discrepancy suggests caution when extrapolating with forest patch models by coarsening parameters and demonstrates how rules used to rescale environmental data need to be evaluated for consistency.
Adolescent Rationality and Development: Cognition, Morality, and Identity

Introduction. Part 1. Cognitive Development. 1. Piaget's Theory of Formal Operations. 2. Inference, Thinking, and Reasoning. 3. Metacognition and Epistemic Cognition. 4. The Construction of Rationality. Part 2. Moral Development. 5. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. 6. Justice, Care, and Virtue. 7. Principles and Perspective Taking. 8. The Construction of Morality. Part 3. Identity Formation. 9. Erikson's Theory of Identity Formation. 10. Identity as a Theory of Oneself. 11. Personal and Social Identity. 12. The Construction of Identity. Part 4. Development Beyond Childhood. 13. Rational Moral Identity. 14. Pluralist Rational Constructivism. 15. Rationality, Liberty, and Education. 16. Adolescents as Young Adults.
Magnetic Helicity in Sigmoids, Coronal Mass Ejections and Magnetic Clouds

Sigmoids, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and magnetic clouds (MCs) all show signatures of twisted and writhing magnetic fields. CMEs are often associated with MCs, whose fields are regularly mapped with sensitive magnetometers. These measurements reveal that MC fields are helical, and each MC carries magnetic helicity away from the sun. It is more difficult to determine the magnetic helicity of the corresponding features on the sun. This presentation surveys recent work on helicity in solar features, focusing especially on the interpretation of sigmoids, which are S-shaped, bright features seen in images from the Yohkoh soft X-ray telescope. Several lines of evidence indicate that sigmoids are twisted and writhing flux ropes that erupt as components of CMEs. CMEs may be initiated by MHD-instable flux ropes. The fact that the ejected flux ropes carry off a large amount of positive helicity from the south and negative helicity from the north each solar cycle implies an equal, compensating flow of helicity through the sun’s equatorial plane.
Signal transduction mechanisms through Fc gamma receptors on the mouse macrophage surface.

Mouse macrophages and macrophage cell lines such as P388D1 or J774 carry at least two distinct Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma R): one specific for the Fc portion of IgG2a (Fc gamma aR, also classified as Fc gamma RI) and another for IgG2b (Fc gamma 2bR, also classified as Fc gamma RII beta). These Fc gamma Rs should transmit, upon binding of an appropriate ligand, a specific signal that leads to the regulation of macrophage functions, as the interaction of immune complex with cell surface receptor has been shown to lead to suppression of the humoral immune response or B cell differentiation, to the destruction of target cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, to activation of arachidonic acid metabolic cascade, to the phagocytosis of opsonized particles, or to the generation of superoxide anion. In this review, we first describe evidence that Fc gamma 2aR and Fc gamma 2bR are associated with casein kinase II and phospholipase A2 activity, respectively. We will then discuss a potential role f...
A true simulation study of three estimators at equal protection of respondents in randomized response sampling

In this study, three different estimators for estimating the proportion of a sensitive attribute in survey sampling are compared at equal protection of the respondents. The three estimators considered are due to Odumade and Singh (2009, Comm. Statist. Theory Methods), Singh and Sedory (2011, Sociological Methods and Research) and a new estimator obtained by minimizing a chi-squared distance. A SAS Macro is developed to compare these three estimators using a simulation study at equal protection of the respondents. A set of data from a real face-to-face interview was collected using two decks of cards and has been analyzed. The results are discussed.
Health and poverty in Guatemala

Unlike many other countries in Latin America, Guatemala is only at the beginning of the demographic, and epidemiological transition. The population is young, is growing rapidly, and is still primarily rural. Guatemala is among the worst performers in terms of health outcomes in Latin America, with one of the highest infant mortality rates, and one of the lowest life expectancies at birth. Major causes of death in Guatemala still include treatable, and communicable diseases, such as diarrhea, pneumonia, cholera, malnutrition, and tuberculosis. A significant share of Guatemalans lack access to health care services. A combination of both supply- and demand-side constraints limit the ability of households to seek health care services in Guatemala, with supply-side constraints playing a more dominant role in rural areas than urban. Some progress has been made in reforming the health sector. Important steps have been taken on the institutional side, with health being one of the pilot ministries to decentralize financial management under the Integrated System for Health Care (SIAS program). Public spending has shifted toward preventive care, which is essential for treating the health problems faced by the poor. Despite these efforts, spending and health outcomes has not improved significantly. In addition, public spending on health is not well targeted. Overall, public health spending benefits the highest quintiles disproportionately, By type of facility, public spending on hospitals is by far the more regressive.
Relation between the syndromes of bulimia nervosa and obsessive compulsive disorder

Bulimia nervosa (BN) has been conceptualized as similar to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The results of studies investigating the relation between BN and OCD, however, are inconclusive. Our goal was to attempt to clarify the relation between the syndromes of BN and OCD. The Padua Inventory (PI), a measure of OCD, and the Bulimia Test—Revised (BULIT-R), a measure of bulimic behaviors, were administered to 981 women and 722 men. A significant relationship, equal in magnitude for women and men, was found between BN and OCD. Bulimic symptoms also had a stronger relation to obsessions than compulsions. Finally, 6 of 23 women (26%) who met the diagnostic criteria for BN also met the criteria for OCD, while 1 of 1 man who met the criteria for BN also met the criteria for OCD. Implications for similarities between the two disorders as well as future issues in the study of comorbidity are discussed.
Introduction to computing VIA PSI

An introductory computer concepts course has been implemented using a Personalized System of Instruction. This experimental course is now in its fourth year of operation and is being taught on a regular basis. It makes use of textual materials, audio tapes and a detailed study guide as well as a novel telephone communication system.
Cultural Policy Through Public Display

L'A. affirme que les manifestations culturelles refletent tout en les influencant, en retour, les politiques culturelles et les sentiments populaires. Il presente son experience de directeur et d'organisateur de ce type de manifestation et plus particulierement deux projets qu'il a mene a bien aux Etats-Unis. Le premier, «America's Reunion on the Mall» fut concu lors de l'entree de Bill Clinton a la Maison blanche en 1992. Il offrait une gamme tres large d'animations culturelles. Le second, «Jerusalem Project», propose au public en 1993, decrivait la vie de toutes les minorites en Israel et visait a presenter le dialogue entre israeliens et palestiniens. Il explore les dimensions politiques et poetiques de ces deux manifestations
Change Is Good: Variations in Common Biological Mechanisms in the Epsilonproteobacterial Genera Campylobacter and Helicobacter

Summary: Microbial evolution and subsequent species diversification enable bacterial organisms to perform common biological processes by a variety of means. The epsilonproteobacteria are a diverse class of prokaryotes that thrive in diverse habitats. Many of these environmental niches are labeled as extreme, whereas other niches include various sites within human, animal, and insect hosts. Some epsilonproteobacteria, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori, are common pathogens of humans that inhabit specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. As such, the biological processes of pathogenic Campylobacter and Helicobacter spp. are often modeled after those of common enteric pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. While many exquisite biological mechanisms involving biochemical processes, genetic regulatory pathways, and pathogenesis of disease have been elucidated from studies of Salmonella spp. and E. coli, these paradigms often do not apply to the same processes in the epsilonproteobacteria. Instead, these bacteria often display extensive variation in common biological mechanisms relative to those of other prototypical bacteria. In this review, five biological processes of commonly studied model bacterial species are compared to those of the epsilonproteobacteria C. jejuni and H. pylori. Distinct differences in the processes of flagellar biosynthesis, DNA uptake and recombination, iron homeostasis, interaction with epithelial cells, and protein glycosylation are highlighted. Collectively, these studies support a broader view of the vast repertoire of biological mechanisms employed by bacteria and suggest that future studies of the epsilonproteobacteria will continue to provide novel and interesting information regarding prokaryotic cellular biology.
Monitoring the Stimulated Release of Dopamine with In Vivo Voltammetry. II: Clearance of Released Dopamine from Extracellular Fluid

Microvoltammetric electrodes implanted in the caudate nucleus of the anesthetized rat have been used to monitor dopamine released following electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. These electrodes are fabricated from unmodified carbon fibers and have been used with normal pulse voltammetry. Dopamine appears in the vicinity of the electrode when the stimulation is initiated, and disappears almost immediately when the stimulation is terminated. The data suggest that the effective diffusion distance is less than 100 micron. Postmortem analysis using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection shows that dopamine released in this manner is metabolized to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC); however, neither substance is observed electrochemically in the extracellular fluid within seconds after the stimulation. In addition, inhibitors of neuronal uptake of dopamine, amphetamine (1.8 or 15 mg X kg-1) or benztropine (25 mg X kg-1), or of dopamine metabolism, pargyline (150 mg X kg-1) or tropolone (100 mg X kg-1), do not significantly affect the rate at which dopamine disappears from extracellular fluid, although they can affect the amount released. These results suggest that dopamine cannot freely diffuse in the extracellular fluid because an extraneuronal uptake mechanism exists that clears dopamine from extracellular fluid into an extraneuronal pool where metabolism to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid occurs. Dopamine can be observed during electrical stimulation of the ascending fibers because neuronal and extraneuronal uptake systems are unable to remove dopamine on these short time scales.
Stepwise syntheses of unsymmetrical tetra-arylporphyrins. Adaptation of the macdonald dipyrrole self-condensation methodology

Abstract A new synthetic route to meso-tetraarylporphyrins [e.g. ( 12 , 13) ] using a MacDonald-type 2+2 condensation is established. The method presented here shows wide applicability for the preparation of 5,10,15,20-tetra-arylsubstituted porphyrins with two-fold rotational symmetry. The 2+2 method is further extended to give a tetraarylporphyrin ( 14 ) bearing four different aryl groups in a predesignated array.
Linear Programming 1: Introduction

Encompassing all the major topics students will encounter in courses on the subject, the authors teach both the underlying mathematical foundations and how these ideas are implemented in practice. They illustrate all the concepts with both worked examples and plenty of exercises, and, in addition, provide software so that students can try out numerical methods and so hone their skills in interpreting the results. As a result, this will make an ideal textbook for all those coming to the subject for the first time. Authors' note: A problem recently found with the software is due to a bug in Formula One, the third party commercial software package that was used for the development of the interface. It occurs when the date, currency, etc. format is set to a non-United States version. Please try setting your computer date/currency option to the United States option . The new version of Formula One, when ready, will be posted on Www.
Can You Guess Who I Am? Real, Ideal, and False Self-Presentation on Facebook Among Emerging Adults

Emerging adulthood is an important period for self-development, and youth use online contexts for self-exploration and self-presentation. Using a multiple self-presentation framework, the present s...
Co-optimization of memory BIST grouping, test scheduling, and logic placement

Built-in self-test (BIST) is a well-known design technique in which part of a circuit is used to test the circuit itself. BIST plays an important role for embedded memories, which do not have pins or pads exposed toward the periphery of the chip for testing with automatic test equipment. With the rapidly increasing number of embedded memories in modern SOCs (up to hundreds of memories in each hard macro of the SOC), product designers incur substantial costs of test time (subject to possible power constraints) and BIST logic physical resources (area, routing, power). However, only limited previous work addresses the physical design optimization of BIST logic; notably, Chien et al. [7] optimize BIST design with respect to test time, routing length, and area. In our work, we propose a new three-step heuristic approach to minimize test time as well as test physical layout resources, subject to given upper bounds on power consumption. A key contribution is an integer linear programming ILP framework that determines optimal test time for a given cluster of memories using either one or two BIST controllers, subject to test power limits and with full comprehension of available serialization and parallelization. Our heuristic approach integrates (i) generation of a hypergraph over the memories, with test time-aware weighting of hyperedges, along with top-down, FM-style min-cut partitioning; (ii) solution of an ILP that comprehends parallel and serial testing to optimize test scheduling per BIST controller; and (iii) placement of BIST logic to minimize routing and buffering costs. When evaluated on hard macros from a recent industrial 28nm networking SOC, our heuristic solutions reduce test time estimates by up to 11.57% with strictly fewer BIST controllers per hard macro, compared to the industrial solutions.
The nature of the increased lung volume in asthma.

Abstract Thirty-two asthmatic patients were studied during an acute exacerbation and subsequently during remission. Four were found to increase their Total Lung Capacity during acute exacerbation when measured by a closed circuit helium dilution technique. However, concomitant use of a radiologic method for estimating total lung capacity showed no increase in TLC. It is suggested that the difference is an artifact due to helium swallowing or gas leak.
Skin as a site of metastasis

Cutaneous metastasis is a rare occurrence but may be the presenting sign of a primary internal malignancy. Skin, breast, lung, gastrointestinal, and kidney are the most common primary malignancies to metastasize to skin. Common regions for cutaneous metastasis include the scalp, abdomen, chest, back, and extremities. The appearance of cutaneous metastasis is a preterminal occurrence and clinically a very poor prognostic sign. Skin cancer was the topic chosen, but it was decided to explore skin as a site of metastasis rather than primary melanoma, squamous cell, or basal cell carcinoma. A search and review of the literature on PubMed was performed to identify cases of cutaneous metastasis caused by a variety of primary sources in adults—mainly breast, lung, skin, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, renal, and thyroid. Inclusion criteria for the review was most common types of cancer in adults, appearance of lesions, and cutaneous metastasis to distant regions rather than direct extension with the exception of breast cancer. Primary malignancies found in children, lymphomas, and leukemias were not included in this review.
A Service Dog in Group

Service dogs are sanctioned by the Americans with Disabilities Act as having protected rights allowing them to assist owners with disabilities. These dogs are appearing with increasing frequency in...
Metal chelators reverse the action of hydrogen peroxide in rat luteal cells

Abstract In rat luteal cells hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) interferes with the functional coupling of the luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor and blocks cAMP-dependent progesterone production. To test if this action of H 2 O 2 is dependent on the generation of hydroxyl radicals, the effects of metal chelators and hydroxyl radical scavengers were evaluated. The heavy metal chelator O -phenanthroline prevented H 2 O 2 inhibition of LH-sensitive cAMP and progesterone accumulation and depletion of ATP. Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) partially reversed inhibition of cAMP accumulation by H 2 O 2 and completely prevented H 2 O 2 -induced ATP depletion, but had no effect on H 2 O 2 inhibition of progesterone synthesis. Three other heavy metal chelators, deferoxamine, bathocuproinedisulfonic acid (BA) and penicillamine, as well as hydroxyl radical scavengers ethanol, thiourea and N -(2-mercaptopropiony1)glycine (MPG), had no effect on the luteolytic actions of H 2 O 2 . Differential effects of the chelators were probably due to differences in their cell permeability and subcellular compartmentalization. We conclude that metal chelators block the luteolytic actions of H 2 O 2 by a mechanism probably linked to inhibition of hydroxyl radical generation.
High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic, cratonic ramp (Upper Ordovician; Kentucky–Ohio, USA): insights into the relative influence of eustasy and tectonics through analysis of facies gradients

Abstract Detailed facies analysis and event stratigraphy of an Upper Ordovician (Rocklandian–Edenian) cratonic ramp succession in eastern North America yields insights into eustatically driven sequence architecture and localized tectonic instability. Seven, predominantly subtidal, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic depositional sequences (3rd order) are identified and correlated across the length of a 275-km ramp–to–basin profile. Within the larger depositional sequences (3rd order) at least two smaller orders (4th and 5th) of cyclicity are recognizable. Three systems tracts occur within each sequence (transgressive, TST; highstand, HST; regressive, RST) and are considered in terms of their component parasequences (5th order). Generally, TSTs are composed of skeletal grainstone–rudstone facies, HSTs are dominated by shaly nodular wacke-packstone facies, and RSTs are mostly calcarenite facies. Systems tracts, sequence boundaries and their correlative conformities, maximum flooding surfaces, and forced regression surfaces were traced from shallow shelf to basinal settings. This high-resolution framework also provides insight into the timing of tectonic fluctuations on this cratonic ramp during the Taconic Orogeny and documents the relative influence of tectonism on lateral facies distributions and eustatically derived cyclicity.