cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
USE OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS IN DIAGNOSTIC NUCLEAR MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES: 1960–2010

To reconstruct reliable nuclear medicine-related occupational radiation doses or doses received as patients from radiopharmaceuticals over the last five decades, the authors assessed which radiopharmaceuticals were used in different time periods, their relative frequency of use, and typical values of the administered activity. This paper presents data on the changing patterns of clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals and documents the range of activity administered to adult patients undergoing diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures in the U.S. between 1960 and 2010. Data are presented for 15 diagnostic imaging procedures that include thyroid scan and thyroid uptake; brain scan; brain blood flow; lung perfusion and ventilation; bone, liver, hepatobiliary, bone marrow, pancreas, and kidney scans; cardiac imaging procedures; tumor localization studies; localization of gastrointestinal bleeding; and non-imaging studies of blood volume and iron metabolism. Data on the relative use of radiopharmaceuticals were collected using key informant interviews and comprehensive literature reviews of typical administered activities of these diagnostic nuclear medicine studies. Responses of key informants on relative use of radiopharmaceuticals are in agreement with published literature. Results of this study will be used for retrospective reconstruction of occupational and personal medical radiation doses from diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals to members of the U.S. radiologic technologists' cohort and in reconstructing radiation doses from occupational or patient radiation exposures to other U.S. workers or patient populations.
Phylogenetic inertia and Darwin's higher law.

Abstract The concept of ‘phylogenetic inertia’ is routinely deployed in evolutionary biology as an alternative to natural selection for explaining the persistence of characteristics that appear sub-optimal from an adaptationist perspective. However, in many of these contexts the precise meaning of ‘phylogenetic inertia’ and its relationship to selection are far from clear. After tracing the history of the concept of ‘inertia’ in evolutionary biology, I argue that treating phylogenetic inertia and natural selection as alternative explanations is mistaken because phylogenetic inertia is, from a Darwinian point of view, simply an expected effect of selection. Although Darwin did not discuss ‘phylogenetic inertia,’ he did assert the explanatory priority of selection over descent. An analysis of ‘phylogenetic inertia’ provides a perspective from which to assess Darwin’s view.
Size Effect and Electron-Phonon Interaction in the Lattice Conduction of Cu-Ge Alloys

We have measured the lattice thermal conductivity between 0.35 and 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K of annealed, polycrystalline specimens of Cu-Ge alloys with residual resistivities between 10 and 22 \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega} cm. This is an extension of earlier work to lower temperatures and higher resistivities. Over most of the measurement range the phonons are primarily scattered by electrons, and the main features continue to be well described by Pippard's relations for the phonon-electron interaction. There is a marked size effect, showing that scattering by the external boundaries is effective up to 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. There is some evidence for additional scattering, but the uncertainties of the analysis do not allow a definite conclusion on this point.
Varieties of Average Monopulse Responses to Multiple Targets

A monopulse receiver exhibits three apparently distinct types of average response when the radar sees two jammers, two passive targets, or one of each. This variety of response types is analyzed and shown to be consistent, i.e., the responses are shown to be special cases of a general formula which applies to two independent targets with uniformly distributed phase difference.
A New Foundation of Non-Euclidean, Affine, Real Projective and Euclidean Geometry

The concepts of the non-Euclidean plane geometry can be defined in terms of the notions joining and intersecting of geometric entities as follows:1 We call a system of three lines a maximal triangle if (1) no two of them intersect, (2) through any point of each of the three lines there exists exactly one line which intersects neither of the other two lines. We say that two lines L and M are parallel if there exists a line N such that L, M, N form a maximal triangle. We say the point Q lies between two points P and R if (1) P, Q, R are distinct collinear points, (2) any line through Q intersects at least one line of any maximal triangle two sides of which pass through P and R, respectively. The point Q is said to lie between three points if (1) these points are not collinear, (2) Q does not coincide with any of them nor lies between any two of them, (3) any line through Q contains at least one point between two of the three points. The points Q1, Q2, … are said to converge toward Q if for any three points the following condition holds: If Q lies between the three points, then almost all points Qi (i.e., all except at most a finite number) lie between them.
Lectin affinity and PAGE analysis of soluble axonally transported glycoconjugates in the rat visual system.

Abstract Recent reports of the transsynaptic transfer of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) in several systems 1,6,8,17,24,25,30,35,37,38,42 are consistent with the hypothesis that WGA binds to endogenous glycoprotein(s) which undergo transsynaptic transfer. Such molecules might be involved in trophic interactions between neurons. Since these hypothetical glycoproteins must be soluble proteins (it is unlikely that integral membrane proteins are exchanged between neurons) this preliminary study of the soluble, axonally transported glycoconjugates of the visual system was undertaken. Soluble, tritium-labeled macromolecules which accumulated in the rat lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex after intraocular injections of tritiated fucose were studied by lectin affinity chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). After correction for hematogenously or cerebrospinal fluid transported label, 9.6% of the radioactivity in the LGN and 17.9% of the radioactivity in the visual cortex was found in the soluble fraction of a phosphate-buffered saline homogenate. In the LGN, 31.3% of the axonally transported soluble label was bound by concanavalin-A (Con-A) agarose. The corresponding figure in the visual cortex was 25.7%. Most (>90%) of the label which did not bind Con-A was soluble in 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Eighty-eight percent of the label which bound Con-A was precipitated by 10% TCA. On 7.5% polyacrylamide SDS reducing gels, the Con-A bound material from either the LGN or the visual cortex migrated as a single peak near the origin of the gel (apparent molecular weight >300,000 Da). Forty percent of the soluble label from the LGN which was specifically bound by the Con-A agarose affinity column was also bound by wheat germ agglutinin sepharose and could, therefore, act as a carrier for WGA. Further experiments will be required to determine whether the soluble, high molecular weight, WGA binding glycoprotein(s) described here are actually involved in the transsynaptic transfer of WGA.
REPARATIVE REASONING: FROM PEIRCE'S PRAGMATISM TO AUGUSTINE's SCRIPTURAL SEMIOTIC

A genealogical study that traces a “broadly Cartesian” pattern of argumentation: from Augustine's scriptural semiotic to the “narrowly Cartesian” practice of foundationalism to Charles Peirce's pragmatic and reparative semiotic. The essay argues (1) that Augustine transformed Stoic logic into a scriptural semiotic; (2) that this semiotic breeds both Cartesian foundationalism and the pragmatic semiotic that repairs it; (3) that Peirce's semiotic displays the latter. In sum, Augustine's inquiry risks foundationalism but also breeds a self-corrective “reparative reasoning.” This reasoning is at once scriptural and philosophic.
The uptake of morphine by the choroid plexus and cerebral cortical slices of animals chronically treated with morphine

Abstract The in vitro uptake of morphine by the choroid plexus of tolerant rabbits did not differ from that of non-tolerant rabbits. The choroid plexus readily accumulated morphine from the systemic circulation against a concentration gradient in vivo. The in vivo uptake of morphine by the choroid plexuses was not altered with the development of tolerance. The transport of morphine in cerebral cortical slices of tolerant rats did not differ from that of non-tolerant rats. It appears unlikely that the carrier-mediated transport systems for morphine in the choroid plexus or cerebral cortical slices play a role in the development of tolerance to morphine.
Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sandpile.

We have carried out an experiment in which sandpiles are built up to a critical size and then perturbed by the dropping of individual grains of sand onto the pile. After each grain is added, the size of the resulting avalanche, if any, is recorded. For sufficiently small sandpiles, the observed mass fluctuations are scale invariant and the probability distribution of avalanches shows finite-size scaling. This demonstrates that real, finite-size sandpiles may be described by models of self-organized criticality. However, we also find that this description breaks down in the limit of large sandpiles.
A one joule, XeCl pumped dye laser

A 4 J XeCl (308 nm) laser has been used to produce ∼ 1 J of dye laser output from selected dyes whose lasing wavelengths sample the spectral range from 330 to 600 nm.
The incidence of significant fetomaternal hemorrhage in patients undergoing cesarean section.

Abstract To determine the incidence of fetomaternal hemorrhage in patients undergoing cesarean section, Kleihauer-Betke tests were performed in the immediate postoperative period on 199 parturients. Some degree of hemorrhage was detected in 18.5% of patients, with 2.5% demonstrating > 30 ml of fetal blood. Comparison of groups on the basis of indication for cesarean delivery revealed no difference in rates of fetal hemorrhage. Because patients with > 30 ml of fetal blood would not be adequately protected from Rh sensitization by the standard 300 µg dose of Rh immune globulin, we recommend screening all Rh-negative patients undergoing cesarean section for the presence of significant fetomaternal hemorrhage.
Histidine catabolism in vivo

Abstract 1. 1. In turtles and caimans, histidine injection increased glutamine in all tissues examined. In the turtle, histidine injection produced a rise in liver citrulline. 2. 2. Since neither citrulline nor glutamine was labeled after injection of C 14 -histidine, the carbon chains of these derivatives were not derived from histidine. 3. 3. Formiminoglutamic acid was the final product of histidine catabolism in the turtle, alligator and caiman. It was excreted quantitatively at filtration rate. 4. 4. Injected folic acid did not catalyze the transformation of formiminoglutamic acid to glutamic acid after histidine injection.
Intestinal mucosal morphology during water and electrolyte absorption. A light and electron microscopic study.

In order to study morphologic events taking place during intestinal absorption of water and electrolytes, light and electron microscopic studies were performed in an in vivo preparation of rat ileum fixed during well-defined conditions of solute absorption. Water absorption was significantly greater (0.19±0.012 ml/cm/hr) in animals perfused intraluminally with isotonic saline than in mannitolperfused ones (0.04±0.015 ml/cm/hr). Structural alterations during water absorption consisted of dilatation of epithelial cell intercellular spaces, lymphatics, and capillaries. The changes were quantitated and shown to be significantly different when saline perfused animals were compared to the mannitol-perfused group. These morphologic observations and the histochemical localization of ATPase to the apical and lateral cell membranes satisfies some of the postulates of a serial membrane theory. The intercellular spaces appear to represent the second compartment, and the capillaries and lymphatics appear to represent the third compartment of the model. The exact role of the intestinal epithelial cell in fluid absorption and the site of Membrane A has not been determined.
Task-phase-specific dynamics of basal forebrain neuronal ensembles

Cortically projecting basal forebrain neurons play a critical role in learning and attention, and their degeneration accompanies age-related impairments in cognition. Despite the impressive anatomical and cell-type complexity of this system, currently available data suggest that basal forebrain neurons lack complexity in their response fields, with activity primarily reflecting only macro-level brain states such as sleep and wake, onset of relevant stimuli and/or reward obtainment. The current study examined the spiking activity of basal forebrain neuron populations across multiple phases of a selective attention task, addressing, in particular, the issue of complexity in ensemble firing patterns across time. Clustering techniques applied to the full population revealed a large number of distinct categories of task-phase-specific activity patterns. Unique population firing-rate vectors defined each task phase and most categories of task-phase-specific firing had counterparts with opposing firing patterns. An analogous set of task-phase-specific firing patterns was also observed in a population of posterior parietal cortex neurons. Thus, consistent with the known anatomical complexity, basal forebrain population dynamics are capable of differentially modulating their cortical targets according to the unique sets of environmental stimuli, motor requirements, and cognitive processes associated with different task phases.
Effect of a Major Curriculum Revision on Students' Perceptions of Well-Being.

The impact of a major curriculum revision on students' perceptions of the quality of the medical school learning environment, social supports, and their own mental and social well-being was determined. First-year students' perceptions one year before the curriculum revision were compared with first-year students' perceptions two years after the introduction of the new curriculum. In the new curriculum, students reported better overall quality of the learning environment (p = .019), a trend toward fewer stresses (p = .091), no difference in social supports (p = .721), better mental well-being (p = .043), and a trend toward better social well-being (p = .099). Students at a comparison school that did not undergo curriculum revision did not have more favorable perceptions during the study period. The findings suggest that well-considered and well-executed efforts to improve the quality of a medical school's learning environment can be successful and can raise students' perceptions of their overall well-being.
DISCUSSION OF A NOTE BY FEDERBUSH ON SPURIOUS SOLUTIONS OF THREE-PARTICLE EQUATIONS

Federbush's recent construction of spurious homogeneous solutions of Weinberg's connected three-particle scattering equation (in a special model) is extended and generalized. The extended result is that for the special case ${m}_{3}=\ensuremath{\infty}$, ${V}_{12}=0$, and ${V}_{13}$ and ${V}_{23}$ of unit rank, every complex energy $W$ [with $\mathrm{Im}(\ensuremath{\surd}W)\ensuremath{\ne}0$] is an eigenvalue of the homogeneous equation, and the corresponding eigenfunctions are square integrable. The Faddeev equations corresponding to this case are examined and found not to have this deficiency. The author's opinion is that these spurious solutions of Weinberg's equation occur only in the special case noted above, and that the Weinberg equation is usable except in this case.
Quantitative evaluation of oligonucleotide surface concentrations using polymerization-based amplification.

Quantitative evaluation of minimal polynucleotide concentrations has become a critical analysis among a myriad of applications found in molecular diagnostic technology. Development of high-throughput, nonenzymatic assays that are sensitive, quantitative and yet feasible for point-of-care testing are thus beneficial for routine implementation. Here, we develop a nonenzymatic method for quantifying surface concentrations of labeled DNA targets by coupling regulated amounts of polymer growth to complementary biomolecular binding on array-based biochips. Polymer film thickness measurements in the 20–220 nm range vary logarithmically with labeled DNA surface concentrations over two orders of magnitude with a lower limit of quantitation at 60 molecules/μm2 (∼106 target molecules). In an effort to develop this amplification method towards compatibility with fluorescence-based methods of characterization, incorporation of fluorescent nanoparticles into the polymer films is also evaluated. The resulting gains in fluorescent signal enable quantification using detection instrumentation amenable to point-of-care settings.
Spatial and temporal coherence of thermal radiation in asymmetric Fabry–Perot resonance cavities

Abstract There has been an increased interest on the development of micro/nanostructures with desired radiative properties for energy conversion systems and radiative cooling devices. A detailed experimental study is reported on the spatial and temporal coherence of thermal radiation in asymmetric Fabry–Perot resonance cavities. The reflectance of the fabricated samples was measured for both polarizations using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, at several incident angles in the near-infrared region, and a laser scatterometer at the wavelength of 891 nm. The spectral measurement demonstrates sharp reflectance dips, while narrow angular lobes are observed in the angle-resolved measurement. Experimental results suggest strong spectral and directional selectivity in thermal emission, which is related to the reflection by Kirchhoff’s law since the samples are opaque. Theoretical calculations with the fitting geometric parameters agree well with the measurement results. This easy-to-fabricate structure has potential applications in solar cells, thermophotovoltaic devices, and radiation emitters.
Documents in Place: Demarcating Places for Collaboration in Healthcare Settings

The notion of place often connotes our understood reality populated with people, practices, meanings, and artifacts. This paper suggests that documents, whether electronic, paper-based, or set in stone, offer important insights into how people establish and maintain places for communication and coordination. Data from an ethnographic study in a large hospital system illustrates how doctors carefully craft their medical histories in various electronic record systems to demarcate specific places for their communication and coordination with specific collaborators. Such documents serve as portable places, allowing the doctors to navigate a constantly changing landscape of relevant patients, participants, times, and spaces. The documents demarcate such places by pointing out the interdependencies among particular participants, places, and times. Doctors care deeply about these documents and they play a central part not only in securing efficient communication and coordination but also in the socialization of newcomers. A study of the complex interrelationships between documents and place, therefore, offers important insights into organizational environments characterized by distributed and mobile work practices.
The effects of context on the selection of decision strategies for the cost variance investigation problem

Abstract An important theme in research on behavioral decision making is that decision behavior is largely contingent on characteristics of the task and context. One variation on this theme is the appearance of contingency models that explain variation in decision behavior in terms of the effects that changes in task and context have on the relative net benefit of each available decision strategy. The L. R. Beach and T. R. Mitchell (1978 , Academy of Management Review , July, 439–449) model is an example of such a model. In the present study, the Beach and Mitchell (1978) model is used as a framework for generating hypotheses about the effects of two contextual variables—state uncertainty and significance of the decision—on the selection of decision strategies for the management problem of whether to investigate the cause of a cost variance. The hypotheses are supported by an experimental test.
Characterization of NcsB2 as a promiscuous naphthoic acid/coenzyme A ligase integral to the biosynthesis of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin.

The enediyne antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin (NCS) is produced by Streptomyces carzinostaticus ATCC15944. The biosynthetic pathway for the naphthoic acid moiety (boxed) of the NCS chromophore (1) is proposed to comprise five enzymes: NcsB, NcsB1, NcsB2, NcsB3, NcsB4. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were used to support the proposed pathway. NcsB2 was characterized for the ability to catalyze the activation of 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acid (3) via a naphthoyl-AMP ester (5) and subsequent formation of the corresponding coenzyme A ester. The finding that NcsB2 exhibits promiscuous substrate specificity toward a diverse set of naphthoic acid analogues with 2-, 5-, or 7-substitutions presents an outstanding opportunity to produce novel analogues of 1 by engineering NCS biosynthesis.
Metal Coated Fibers for Use in the Radiation Environment

Optical fibers are being considered for uses where they will be subjected to high radiation fields and elevated temperatures simultaneously. This paper describes a fiber which is aluminum jacketed, and may hence be heated to 550°C. When heated to 550°C and subjected to 30 Krads of gamma rays from 60Co, the fiber sustained 1/10 the normal room temperature damage. Thermolumnescence testing and spectral absorption studies indicate that even at 550°C there are many deep lying traps still present in the silica which serve as signal absorption centers.
Involvement of phosphoinositide turnover in tracheary element differentiation in Zinnia elegans L. cells

Mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans L., cultured in the presence of phytohormones, will transdifferentiate and undergo programmed cell death to become tracheary elements, thick-walled cells of the xylem. This system is a model system for study of plant cell development and differentiation. We report that a high concentration of extracellular Ca2+ is necessary during the first 6 h of culturing for tracheary elements to form. Extracellular Ca2+ is still required at later times, but at a much lower concentration. When cells transdifferentiate in adequate Ca2+, microsomal phospholipase C activity increases and levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate rise at about hour 4 of culturing. The production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate appears to be important for tracheary element formation, since inhibitors of phospholipase C inhibit both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production and tracheary element formation. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of GTP-binding proteins, inhibits transdifferentiation and eliminates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production. Tracheary element formation was not completely abolished by inhibitors that eliminated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production, suggesting the involvement of other pathways in regulating transdifferentiation.
Theoretical studies of CO adsorption on Si(100)-2 × 1 surface

Ab initio molecular orbital and density functional calculations have been carried out to investigate the adsorption of CO on the Si(100)-2 × 1 surface using the Si9H12 and Si13H20 cluster models of the surface. It was found that B3LYP/6-31G(d) is a reasonable level of theory for calculation of the geometries of the clusters and adsorbates, as well as energetics of the adsorbates of the CO/Si(100)-2 × 1 surface. The addition of a doubly contracted polarizarion d-function for the non-hydrogen atoms changes the calculated CO desorption energy by 1 kcal/mol. Increasing the size of the cluster from Si9H12 to Si13H20, in general, increases the CO desorption energy by 1−2 kcal/mol, while it does not change the Sid−Sid, Sid−Sisub, and Sisub−Sisub bond distances, which suggests that the Si9H12 cluster is a good model for the single-dimer cluster. Interaction of the CO molecule with the surface dramatically changes the Sid−Sid and Sid−Sisub bond distances corresponding to the silicon dimer on the surface and that b...
Quantitation of surface electron spectroscopies: problems in correct description of intrinsic lineshape and extrinsic energy loss processes

Abstract Methods for improved description of lineshapes and energy loss backgrounds in the surface electron spectroscopies. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), are discussed. For simple homogeneous non-metallic materials in the near surface region, the energy loss profiles are a small contribution to the total spectral intensity and can be adequately described by simple background functions. For many pure metals or metal alloys, with or without thin adsorbate overlayers, it is necessary to use more realistic models for the energy loss profiles. These can be generated from functions which describe the electron emission event on a microscopic scale, and/or from electrons beams which are scattered from the surface at the kinetic energy of the photoemission or Auger process of interest. Deconvolution schemes (particularly using Fast Fourier Transform approaches) and non-linear least squares fitting routines are compared for preparing the XPS or AES lineshapes for further analysis.
Polarization Crosstalk In A PM Fiber Resonator Gyro

This paper contains an analysis of a fiber-optic ring-resonator made with polarization maintaining fiber. The model, although minimal, incorporates the essential ingredients for characterizing polarization crosstalk in a PM resonant fiber optic gyro.
Evaluation and statistical inference for human connectomes

Diffusion-weighted imaging coupled with tractography is currently the only method for in vivo mapping of human white-matter fascicles. Tractography takes diffusion measurements as input and produces the connectome, a large collection of white-matter fascicles, as output. We introduce a method to evaluate the evidence supporting connectomes. Linear fascicle evaluation (LiFE) takes any connectome as input and predicts diffusion measurements as output, using the difference between the measured and predicted diffusion signals to quantify the prediction error. We use the prediction error to evaluate the evidence that supports the properties of the connectome, to compare tractography algorithms and to test hypotheses about tracts and connections.
Event-based Feedforward Control of a Drug Delivery System for Diabetes Care

Abstract A new event-based feedforward control method for drug delivery system is presented. Compared with the traditional time-based feedback control, the proposed method shows great potential in dealing with measurement noise and unexpected disturbances. Instead of using time to drive the planner, we determine the reference trajectory with an intelligent event, which is directly derived from measurement. Therefore the proposed method inherits the advantages of both feedback and feedforward. Applications in drug delivery demonstrate promising robustness of this approach.
Amplitude Modulated Dynamics of a Resonantly Excited Autoparametric Two Degree-of-Freedom System

Forced, weakly nonlinear oscillations of a two degree-of-freedom autoparametric vibration absorber system are studied for resonant excitations. The method of averaging is used to obtain first-order approximations to the response of the system. A complete bifurcation analysis of the averaged equations is undertaken in the subharmonic case of internal and external resonance. The “locked pendulum” mode of response is found to bifurcate to coupled-mode motion for some excitation frequencies and forcing amplitudes. The coupled-mode response can undergo Hopf bifurcation to limit cycle motions, when the two linear modes are mistuned away from the exact internal resonance condition. The software packages AUTO and KAOS are used and a numerically assisted study of the Hopf bifurcation sets, and dynamic steady solutions of the amplitude or averaged equations is presented. It is shown that both super-and sub-critical Hopf bifurcations arise and the limit cycles quickly undergo period-doubling bifurcations to chaos. These imply chaotic amplitude modulated motions for the system.
Securing the upstream supply chain: a risk management approach

Supply managers must manage many risks in their increasingly competitive environments. Traditionally this meant buffering against uncertainties, which sub‐optimized operational performance. Risk management can be a more effective approach to deal with these uncertainties by identifying potential losses. This conceptual study proposes that situational factors‐ degree of product technology, security needs, the relative importance of the supplier, and the purchasers’ prior experience with the situation should be taken into consideration when determining the level of risk management in the supply chain. Doing so can avoid unforeseen losses and lead to better anticipation of risks.
Impurity Gettering in Silicon by Thin Polycrystalline Films

Capability of impurity gettering by thin polycrystalline films on the backside of silicon wafer was evaluated by minority-carrier diffusion length. Cu was gettered easily during usual cooling after high temperature annealing. On the other hand, intentional slow cooling or low temperature annealing was necessary for effective Fe gettering. The gettering efficiency for Fe increased with lowering the annealing temperature when Fe was diffused sufficiently. From the quantitative consideration of Fe gettering, we propose the model of impurity gettering based on the chemical equilibrium of impurity reaction in polysilicon films. It was also expected that gettering efficiency increased with the thickness of polysilicon film.
Small Bowel Volvulus in a Quadriplegic: A Rare Complication of the Simon Nitinol Inferior Vena Cava Filter

The advent and use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters have reduced the overall incidence of pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients, but are not without potential complications. With the exponential increase in the utilization of IVC filters over the past two decades, it is important to consider the use of retrievable filters, where indicated, in order to potentially reduce long-term IVC filter-related complications. We report a rare case of small bowel volvulus due to IVC perforation by a Simon Nitinol filter strut in a quadriplegic patient 4 years after IVC filter insertion.
On laser induced turbulence

Abstract We give a simple dimensional analysis leading to an effective Reynolds number which is expected to be more useful than the traditional Grashof number in characterizing practical situations in which laser induced turbulence may be expected.
A qualitive fault tree analysis for the tensile failure of fibrous laminated composites

Abstract The use of fault tree analysis for the identification of failure modes and mechanisms for laminated composite materials is discussed. The fault tree technique is first defined and a synopsis of the technique as well as a synopsis of the failure of composites is given. The two, fault tree analysis and elements of composite failure, are then combined to identify a fault tree for composite failure. The elements of fault tree are discussed qualitatively in relation to the likely failure modes for composites such as delamination, fibre breakage, matrix cracking, etc. Further, the necessity for quantitizing the fault tree described is outlined.
Can Neurological Evidence Help Courts Assess Criminal Responsibility? Lessons from Law and Neuroscience

Can neurological evidence help courts assess criminal responsibility? To answer this question, we must first specify legal criteria for criminal responsibility and then ask how neurological findings can be used to determine whether particular defendants meet those criteria. Cognitive neuroscience may speak to at least two familiar conditions of criminal responsibility: intention and sanity. Functional neuroimaging studies in motor planning, awareness of actions, agency, social contract reasoning, and theory of mind, among others, have recently targeted a small assortment of brain networks thought to be instrumental in such determinations. Advances in each of these areas bring specificity to the problems underlying the application of neuroscience to criminal law.
Cholesterol granuloma and other petrous apex lesions

This article presents the latest information on the presentation, diagnosis, imaging characteristics, management, and outcomes for petrous apex cholesterol granulomas. An in-depth review of the pathophysiology and surgical approaches is presented along with a summary of other petrous apex lesions and their imaging characteristics.
Primary pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma: Report of a case diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lower respiratory tract is an uncommon tumor that can arise in the mainstem bronchus and often presents as an endobronchial mass lesion causing bronchial obstruction with post obstructive atelectasis and pneumonia. Exfoliative cytology is seldom useful in the diagnosis of primary bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma, because these neoplasms usually have a submucosal location with often intact mucosa. Since most endobronchial adenoid cystic carcinomas are endoscopically visible, bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration constitutes an excellent approach to establish a pathologic diagnosis. The fine-needle aspiration cytology of primary pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma has been rarely described. We report a case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung having characteristic cytologic features and correlate with computed tomography, bronchoscopic, and histological findings. Bronchoscope-guided aspiration cytology provided a conclusive diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which was further corroborated by histology in the pneumonectomy specimen. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:51–56. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Accessory anterolateral facet of the pediatric talus. An anatomic study.

Background: The accessory anterolateral talar facet may be associated with talocalcaneal impingement in the painful flatfoot. We performed an anatomic study to identify this accessory facet and its associated osteologic features. Methods: Within the Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection, seventy-nine paired tali and calcanei were identified among forty-three skeletons from individuals who had had an average age of 13.4 years at the time of death. Each specimen was surveyed for an accessory anterolateral talar facet, a calcaneal neck anterior extension facet, a dorsal talar beak, and the talocalcaneal facet pattern. Measurements included the angle of Gissane, posterior facet inclination, calcaneal neck length, posterior facet length, overall calcaneal and talar lengths, and accessory facet dimensions. Lateral radiographs of specimens with accessory facets were made in neutral and everted subtalar alignment. Results: An accessory anterolateral talar facet was identified in twenty-seven (34%) of the seventy-nine specimens and was large in two (2.5%). Of the thirty-six skeletons with paired specimens, fifteen had an accessory facet and, of those, ten had the finding bilaterally. Degenerative changes or tarsal coalitions were not observed. Lateral radiographs demonstrated that subtalar eversion obscured observation of the facet. The accessory facet was associated with greater mean age (16.7 compared with 10.9 years; p < 0.0001), male sex (63% compared with 21%; p = 0.011), and a smaller mean angle of Gissane (116.2° compared with 122.2°; p = 0.018). Relative accessory facet volume was positively correlated with increased relative calcaneal posterior facet length (r = 0.53, p = 0.029). The accessory facet was significantly associated with dorsal talar beaking (29% compared with 4%; p = 0.028). Conclusions: An accessory anterolateral talar facet was found in 34% of the specimens in a pediatric osteologic collection. The facet was associated with male sex, a smaller angle of Gissane, and dorsal talar beaking. Clinical Relevance: Dorsal talar beaking may indicate the presence of an accessory anterolateral talar facet. Identification of the facet may require cross-sectional imaging as lateral radiographs made with the subtalar joint everted may not demonstrate the anomaly.
Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse

Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Eocploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse. Kay Milton. London: Routledge Press, 1996. 266 pp.
Impacts of the agricultural Green Revolution-induced land use changes on air temperatures in India

[1] India has one of the most intensive and spatially extensive irrigation systems in the world developed during the1960s under the agricultural Green Revolution (GR). Irrigated landscapes can alter the regional surface energy balance and its associated temperature, humidity, and climate features. The main objective of this study is to determine the impacts of increased irrigation on long-term temperature trends. An analysis of the monthly climatological surface data sets at the regional level over India showed that agriculture and irrigation can substantially reduce the air temperature over different regions during the growing season. The processes associated with agriculture and irrigation-induced feedback are further diagnosed using a column radiation-boundary layer model coupled to a detailed land surface/hydrology scheme, and 3-D simulations using a Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. Both the modeling and observational analysis provide evidence that during the growing season, irrigation and agricultural activity are significantly modulating the surface temperatures over the Indian subcontinent. Therefore irrigation and agricultural impacts, along with land use change, and aerosol feedbacks need to be considered in regional and global modeling studies for climate change assessments.
Exploring awareness, attitudes, and perceived role among oral health providers regarding HPV-related oral cancers.

Objectives: Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the most common STI in the United States, is increasingly being associated with a number of cancers, including oral cancers (OC). This may change the approach of oral health providers (OHP) towards screening and identifying OC in their patients. Methods: Five focus groups were conducted in February and March 2009 with dentists and dental hygienists. Participants were recruited via presentations at monthly meetings of local dental and dental hygiene professional associations, and through association mailing and telephone lists. Results: A total of 38 OHP participated in the focus groups (17 dentists and 21 hygienists). Analysis of focus group data was framed by three general content areas regarding HPV-related OC and the HPV vaccine, including: a) knowledge; b) attitudes; and c) perceived roles. Sub-themes that emerged included issues related to the HPV vaccine, the role of professional organizations, and concerns with gender roles and confidentiality. Conclusions: As public awareness of the link between HPV and OC increases, OHP play an important role in addressing this issue with their patients. The current study clearly identified areas that must be addressed among OHP in order for effective and comfortable communication regarding the HPV-OC link and the potential uses of the HPV vaccines to take place, including: a) increasing knowledge of the HPV-OC link and HPV vaccine; and b) clarifying screening procedures, role, and expectations.
Simulation Of An Expert Model-Based Adaptive Controller

Model-based adaptive controllers have been practiced with numerous successes. The controller is formed in a online discrete optimal controller and implemented in control computer. Because of the fast and accurate calculation capability of microcomputer, this type of controller has reached their limits. To explore the potentiality of model-based adaptive controller, we investigate the adaptive controller with an expert system for selection of identifiers. The model-based adaptive controller usually uses a recursive least squares identifier. This kind of identifier requires a lot of calculations. An alternative for adaptive function can be using an rule-based expert system to decide the need of updating process time series model. In addition, we can use a simplified recursive least squares identifier. This paper presents the formulation of this type of controller. Moreover, the simulations are carried out to test the practicality of such controller. The effect of such rule-based adaptation plus model-based optimization and controller formulation will be presented by accumulated loss versus sampling periods. The improvement of mean and standard deviation of controlled variable indicates the sophistication of combination of artificial intelligence and computation power of control computer.
A study of automatic null steering for suppression of ghosts in TV reception

The local TV broadcast stations operate in the UHF band. These signals are subject to multipath effects in many cases by reflections from buildings and other structures in the broadcasting area. These multipath effects produce delayed signals (ghosts) in the original TV signal. A technique using a smart antenna can be one of the solutions to cancel these multipath signals. A smart antenna is an antenna array system and controller that automatically recognizes desired/undesired signals and adjusts the complex weights of the antenna array to optimize the ratio of the desired to the undesired signals. This paper discusses a small array using a null-steering algorithm.
Inherited Disorders of Hemostasis in Dogs and Cats

Inherited disorders of hemostasis encompass abnormalities in primary hemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis resulting from genetic mutations. There is significant variation in the phenotype expressed ranging from life limiting to the absence of overt clinical signs. Von Willebrand disease is the most common primary hemostatic disorder in dogs, and hemophilia A is the most common coagulation factor disorder. The diagnosis of inherited bleeding disorders is made by functional and/or quantitative evaluation. Genetic testing has added to the knowledge base, allowing prevention through targeted breeding. Avoidance of trauma and injury is paramount in the prevention of bleeding in animals diagnosed with inherited hemostatic disorders. Current therapeutic options include platelet transfusions, broad replacement of coagulation factors (e.g., plasma), targeted factor replacement (e.g., cryoprecipitate), antifibrinolytic agents and specific factor replacement, and treatment of the symptoms (i.e., bleeding) with blood transfusions.
A neuropeptide signaling pathway regulates synaptic growth in Drosophila

Neuropeptide signaling is integral to many aspects of neural communication, particularly modulation of membrane excitability and synaptic transmission. However, neuropeptides have not been clearly implicated in synaptic growth and development. Here, we demonstrate that cholecystokinin-like receptor (CCKLR) and drosulfakinin (DSK), its predicted ligand, are strong positive growth regulators of the Drosophila melanogaster larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Mutations of CCKLR or dsk produced severe NMJ undergrowth, whereas overexpression of CCKLR caused overgrowth. Presynaptic expression of CCKLR was necessary and sufficient for regulating NMJ growth. CCKLR and dsk mutants also reduced synaptic function in parallel with decreased NMJ size. Analysis of double mutants revealed that DSK/CCKLR regulation of NMJ growth occurs through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–protein kinase A (PKA)–cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway. Our results demonstrate a novel role for neuropeptide signaling in synaptic development. Moreover, because the cAMP–PKA–CREB pathway is required for structural synaptic plasticity in learning and memory, DSK/CCKLR signaling may also contribute to these mechanisms.
Self-control behind bars: A validation study of the Grasmick et al. scale

Much empirical support of self-control theory is based on the 24-item scale conceptualized by Grasmick and his colleagues. This study examined the dimensionality of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analyses, and a structural equation model (SEM) produced results that are discordant with much prior research. The Grasmick et al. scale was not unidimensional, more complex theoretical iterations failed to meet most goodness-of-fit statistics, and considerable refinement via modification indices was needed before a measurement model that fit the data could be found. Further refinement is required to justify it as the quintessential measure of self-control.
Maps from space: Latvian organic farmers negotiate their place in the European Union.

Implementation of a new system of geographical information system (GIS) maps based on aerial photos to administer EU agri-environmental support payments for organic farmers in Latvia in 2005 erupted into disputes over farm boundaries, cultural landscapes, good agricultural practices and regional power dynamics. Farmers whose land area had been changed along with the change in technology were deemed to be in breach of their support payment agreements and had to repay the difference, leaving many disillusioned with the EU and considering withdrawal from the organic agriculture support programme. I argue here that this case demonstrates the complexities of EU accession for new member states, revealing the unintended consequences of the implementation of European policies in post-socialist contexts. Disputes over the organic land area reflect deeper cultural issues tied to the history of foreign domination. Furthermore, they represent a conflict surrounding ideas of space versus place. Abstract ‘maps from space’ challenge farmers' place-based knowledge and national imaginaries of agricultural landscapes. On a broader level, this conflict reflects the tensions between the imagined ‘return to Europe’ and the reality of Europe as a political and bureaucratic space.
Research on Resource Discovery in MAS for Collaborative Design

Collaborative design is a new technique for mechanical design. Multi-agent system (MAS) can cooperate with others to solve problems by network of software agents. Collaborative design system includes design agent, manage agent, conflict resolution agent and so on. A method based on MAS is present to solve the resource finding among agents. Firstly, the relationship between multi-agent systems and peer to peer systems is introduced. Then a distributed searching method is applied to find knowledge. Agent searches for the resource by neighbor, which will go until the agents find the right resource. The random path and team searching style are provided to solve the problem, which is compared by the simulation. The hybrid method including random path and team searching is suit for knowledge discovery. Knowledge discovery method works successfully in collaborative design based on MAS.