cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Leakage Inductance of Transformers Used in Dual Active Bridge

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are critical to achieving reliability and efficiency in the modern electric grid. Dual Active Bridges (DAB) are often proposed for such integration since they can allow multiple sources and electrical isolation via a high-frequency transformer. In defined applications, DABs rely on the magnetizing and leakage inductance of their high-frequency transformers to achieve their performance requirement. In this paper, the inductance parameters of two types of two-winding transformers are investigated using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software ANSYS Maxwell. The variation of the inductance values due to the windings' distribution and core geometry was studied by establishing a parametric analysis. Prototypes were built and tested to compare the inductances actual measurements versus the simulation results. Exploring the possibility of characterizing the inductances of a transformer from a simulation standpoint is of interest in order to construct customized transformers with the optimal characteristic required in a specific DAB design.
High-throughput screening of polymeric membranes for liquid mixture separation

Advances in high-throughput screening (HTS) metrologies could accelerate discovery of superior polymeric membranes for separation of liquid mixtures. However, HTS remains underexploited in membrane materials research. This review examines relevant advances in membrane materials and HTS techniques made since 2000, including both predictive and direct screening approaches that are applicable to membranes for liquid mixture separation. Advances in dense polymeric and mixed-matrix materials for hydrophilic and organophilic membranes are discussed. Recent studies demonstrating predictive and direct HTS approaches on membranes for separation of liquid mixtures are summarized. The synergistic combination of HTS with molecular simulations and machine learning is suggested as a potentially powerful approach to accelerating discovery of polymeric and mixed-matrix membranes that exhibit exceptional performance.
Attitudes toward Immigration as a Sense of Group Position

Research on prejudice has historically employed Blumer’s group position as a theoretical alternative to Allport’s group conflict in understanding prejudice against members of minority groups. Our p...
Opioid knowledge and perceptions among Hispanic/Latino residents in Los Angeles.

Most research and health education efforts to address the opioid crisis have focused on white populations. However, opioid use, opioid use disorder, and opioid overdose deaths also have increased a...
On Construction of Solutions of Evolutionary Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

In this work we present an application of a theory of vessels to a solution of the evolutionary nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation. The classes of functions for which the initial value problem is solvable rely on the existence of an analogue of the inverse scattering theory for the usual NLS equation. This approach is similar to the classical approach of Zakharov-Shabath for solving evolutionary NLS equation but has an advantage of simpler formulas and new techniques and notions to understand the solutions.
CapTag: toward printable ubiquitous internet of things: poster abstract

Many human activities involve interactions with passive objects. By wirelessly sensing human interactions with such "things", one can infer activities at a fine resolution, enabling a new wave of ubiquitous applications. This forms the basis of the tangible user interface allowing individual to use omnipresent objects as a control interface to the digital world. Existing works have tendencies to create such interface with complicated circuitry, leading to overwhelm complexities. To conquer these, we propose the inkjet printable capacitive tags (CapTags), empowering a new paradigm of printable communications and sensing modality. We use discrete capacitive and inductive components to simulate the tag-interrogator system, and prove the feasibility of proposed hardware featurization and high frequency sweeping strategy where the information can be encoded in the resonating spikes. This enables the touch points to be detected by searching resonating detune effects. Although this work only includes the designs and simulations, we believe this new sensing modality would truly realize the vision of printable ubiquitous computing.
Relationship between novel inflammatory biomarker galectin-3 and depression symptom severity in a large community-based sample.

Abstract Major depressive disorder is associated with pro-inflammatory markers, such as cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1s, and C-reactive protein. Galectin-3 is a novel emerging biomarker with pro-inflammatory properties. It is a saccharide binding protein distributed throughout many tissues with varying functions and is a predictor of poor outcomes in patients with heart failure and stroke. However, its role as a predictor in depressive symptom severity remains undefined. Data from the community-based Dallas Heart Study (n = 2554) were examined using a multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between galectin-3 and depressive symptom severity as assessed with Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) scores. Additional covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), years of education, serum creatinine, history of diabetes, and smoking history. Galectin-3 levels statistically significantly predicted QIDS-SR depressive symptom severity (β = 0.055, p = .015). Female sex, smoking status, and BMI were found to be statistically significant positive predictors of depression severity, while age, years of education, non-Hispanic White race, and Hispanic ethnicity were negative predictors of depressive symptom severity. In this large sample, higher galectin-3 levels were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that galectin-3 may be a new and useful inflammatory biomarker associated with depression.
Postmenopausal vaginitis

The importance of vaginitis in postmenopausal women will increase as the US population ages. With the withdrawal of estrogen, the vaginal environment changes dramatically. Along with physical changes, an overall decrease in the normal Lactobacillus-dominant flora and Candida colonization occurs. Trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis still occur in menopausal women but probably less commonly than in younger women. The effects of exogenous estrogen on these conditions remain unknown. Less common conditions such as desquamative inflammatory vaginitis and lichen sclerosus gain relative importance in this population.
The Decomposition of Oxy-Containing Organic Compounds in a Microwave Discharge*

Methyl alcohol, ether and acetone vapors decomposition in microwave discharge, obtaining H and CO in addition to solid polymeric films
Programmable, Secondary Frequency Standards Based Infrared Synthesizers for High Resolution Spectroscopy

The intent of this paper is to give a brief overview of salient components and techniques which led to the development of programmable infrared synthesizers; absolute frequency accuracy, reproducibility and resettability with standard deviations of about 5 kHz (1.7 × 10−7 cm−1) relative to the primary Cesium frequency standard at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado, has been achieved.
Cyclophilin B Expression Is Associated with In Vitro Radioresistance and Clinical Outcome after Radiotherapy

The tools for predicting clinical outcome after radiotherapy are not yet optimal. To improve on this, we applied the COXEN informatics approach to in vitro radiation sensitivity data of transcriptionally profiled human cells and gene expression data from untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and bladder tumors to generate a multigene predictive model that is independent of histologic findings and reports on tumor radiosensitivity. The predictive ability of this 41-gene model was evaluated in patients with HNSCC and was found to stratify clinical outcome after radiotherapy. In contrast, this model was not useful in stratifying similar patients not treated with radiation. This led us to hypothesize that expression of some of the 41 genes contributes to tumor radioresistance and clinical recurrence. Hence, we evaluated the expression the 41 genes as a function of in vitro radioresistance in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel and found cyclophilin B (PPIB), a peptidylprolyl isomerase and target of cyclosporine A (CsA), had the strongest direct correlation. Functional inhibition of PPIB by small interfering RNA depletion or CsA treatment leads to radiosensitization in cancer cells and reduced cellular DNA repair. Immunohistochemical evaluation of PPIB expression in patients with HNSCC was found to be associated with outcome after radiotherapy. This work demonstrates that a novel 41-gene expression model of radiation sensitivity developed in bladder cancer cell lines and human skin fibroblasts predicts clinical outcome after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients and identifies PPIB as a potential target for clinical radiosensitization.
Velocity Effects and their Minimization in MFL Inspection of Pipelines - A Numerical Study

A wide variety of methods are used for the inspection of the 448,000 kilometers of gas pipelines currently in operation in the United States. Speed and accuracy are the prime concerns in inspections of this magnitude. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection of pipelines [1], using a magnetizer moving at velocities up to 30 kilometers per hour, is currently the most commonly used inline inspection method. At these velocities the leakage field signal is significantly distorted due to motionally generated currents in the pipeline. Experimental measurements of the velocity effects is expensive and possible for only very limited choices of parameters such as geometry and dimensions of the probe, defect, etc. Analytical, closed form solutions for electromagnetic (EM) non-destructive testing (NDT) problems including velocity effects can be found for only the simplest examples and are impractical for most NDT problems. Numerical analysis techniques for the modeling of velocity effects in a variety of EM areas are developing rapidly [2], [3]. In modeling the MFL inspection, the numerical model is required to be capable of modeling non-uniform geometries in order to simulate defects. Also, for accurate predictions, nonlinearity in various regions of the geometry must be incorporated. A numerical model with these capabilities is an invaluable asset both in terms of studying in detail the total physics of the situation, and also to aid in the magnetizer design.
A Peek at New York Defamation Law

This article is a primer on the law of defamation in New York. The article discusses the definition of defamation, litigation issues involving pre-complaint disclosure, defenses such as truth and opinion, and the different types of privileges.
Requirements for a successful methodology in information systems design

Abstract Recent research on information system design methodologies has produced a collection of guidelines for choosing a methodology to suit an application. These cover the coverage of the methodology, communication requirements, the use of tools and techniques, the need for visible benefits and the evolution of systems.
Active Electronically Scanned Array Technology

An active electronically scanned array (AESA) amplifies and phase shifts the transmit and receive signals by placing the active components at the elements. The low-noise amplifier (LNA) establishes a low-noise figure while amplifying the receive signal. Power amplifiers (PAs) in the transmit channel compensate the losses in the feed network. This chapter introduces T/R modules and associated technology, performance terms, and characteristics. The non-linear effects of power amplifiers are discussed in terms of their impact on array performance. Since switches play an important role in many timed array designs, they are presented in some detail. The chapter also discusses about the presentation of phase shifters and attenuators. Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) T/R modules technology sprang to life in 1960s. MMICs have passive components fabricated on a semiconductor wafer along with the active devices.
Intracranial complication during insertion of a nasogastric tube.

An attempt was made to insert a nasogastric tube through the right nares of a 45-year-old woman who had been vomiting for 2 weeks. She was fully alert, cooperative , and oriented before the procedure and had no known history of previous head trauma. Resistance was encountered during placement of the tube, and moderate amounts of bright red blood returned through the tube. Repeated injections of air were made through the tube, but no air sounds could be heard in the epigastrium . As the tube was advanced farther, the patient became increasingly somnolent. Again several hundred milliliters of air was injected, but the location of the tube was not established, and the tube was withdrawn. Simultaneously, the patient became completely unresponsive. A CT scan of the head was performed immediately and showed subdural pneumocephaly of the right anterior and middle cranial fossae and small collections of air in the right frontal and occipital
Computer models of the Sagittarius dwarf interaction with the Milky Way

The interaction between the dwarf galaxy in Sagittarius and the Milky Way Galaxy has been modelled with a parallel computer implementation of an N-body treecode. Models are made that reproduce the observed position, size, velocity, proper motion and velocity gradient of the dwarf in its likely pre-disc encounter, and other models are studied in which the dwarf has just passed through the disc. Several observable differences between these cases are found. In the pre-collision case, the dwarf is bound to the Milky Way and it passed through the disc previously 1.7 x 108 yr ago in the anticentre direction. It will cross through the disc again in 3.5 x 10 7 yr. Each disc crossing spins up the dwarf core and tidally stretches its outer envelope, leaving the core slightly less bound. If such disc crossings are common for dwarfs near large galaxies, then the likely removal of gas from the dwarf at each crossing, combined with the observed high dark matter fraction for most dwarfs, implies that dark matter is not in the form of undetected cold gas. In the preferred model, the outer envelope of the dwarf includes the positions and velocities of the globular clusters NGC 6715, Terzan 7, Terzan 8 and Arp 2, which implies that these clusters could be fragments of a previously larger system. They could also be old detached star formation cores that formed in the Sagittarius dwarf during previous disc crossings.
Local-cosmopolitan and bureaucratic perceptions in public accounting firms

Abstract The growth of the accounting profession has been accompanied by changes in the organizational structure of public accounting firms. Firms vary from one-man offices to large multinational firms containing thousands of employees. This study attempts to partially assess the impact of firm size and hierarchical position on accountants' loyalty to the profession and their firms. Additionally, accountants' perceptions of the “bureaucratic” structure of their firms were surveyed. Differences were found on the loyalty question by position and on the bureaucracy question by firm size.
Ecological Input−Output Analysis-Based Sustainability Analysis of Industrial Systems

Industrial sustainability is a vital issue in pursuing the long-term development of industrial systems. This paper utilizes the existing Ecological Input-Output Analysis (EIOA) method, in combination with known and established environmental (mass intensity) and economic (gross profit) sustainability metrics, to (i) create a systematic analysis methodology capable of evaluating various decisions, which are made by individual plant management for the benefit of their own company, and (ii) determine which option results in the best route for improving sustainable development, at the plant, industry, and regional levels. Such information will be valuable for the synergistic sustainability improvements of both individual entities as well as industrial regions. To demonstrate the efficacy of this methodology, a case study involving a network of different industries is presented. Sustainability of the base case and two modified cases is assessed. The one with the highest positive environmental and economic sustainability impact is recommended.
Effects of prenatal nitrofen exposure on cardiac structure and function in the rat.

Abstract The herbicide nitrofen was administered to pregnant Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats on Days 10–13 of gestation (po, 20 or 40 mg/kg daily) and its effects on cardiac structure and function were investigated in the offspring. In the 21-day fetuses, nitrofen did not influence intrauterine growth or basal heart rate. In contrast, the herbicide produced a marked depression of heart rate and abnormal electrocardiographic (ECG) profiles in the newborn rats, in conjunction with labored respiratory movements and a profound increase in postnatal mortality. A few animals displayed cardiac ventricular septal defects and diaphragmatic hernias but these malformations did not appear to be associated with the ECG changes. The chronotropic deficiencies seen in the nitrofen-treated pups were reversible by acute hyperoxia (40% oxygen). These results suggest that the teratogenic effects of nitrofen on cardiac physiology and on postnatal mortality cannot be accounted for solely by specific gross anatomical damages to the rat heart and diaphragm; rather, other more subtle morphological and physiological factors which contribute to improper systemic delivery and cellular utilization of oxygen may be involved.
Espionage and Education: Reporting on Student Protest in Mexico's Normales Rurales, 1960–1980

Mexico's normales rurales, training schools for rural teachers, have long had a reputation for political radicalism. Their students, themselves from campesino households, consistently participated in, and often led, popular protests. This article examines the way in which Gobernacion agents reported on the various forms of normalista mobilisation and interrogates the official narrative such documents constructed about these schools. It discusses various methodological uses and shows how, in conjunction with other source-bodies, a researcher may deal with inconsistences, dominant frameworks, and the agents' use of language. Thus analysed, the rural teachers' protest and the government's tactics for combatting it, enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) ruled Mexico for most of the twentieth century.
Paratene theory of the shapes of cells.

Abstract Paratenes are one-dimensional circular linkage groupings of cell organelles composing the cell surface of Paramecium. In cell division, pre-existing paratenes serve as supertemplates for the replica paratenes which form anteriorly to them thereby enlarging the surface area in an orderly and predictable manner. Kineties are the loci of kinetosomes on polyparatenes. Paratene theory is applicable also to some aspects of the inheritance and multiplication of abnormal regions of cells, and explains in part transpositional migration and eventual loss of surface abnormalities in such clones.
Organization, expression, and chromosomal location of the mouse insulin- like growth factor binding protein 5 gene

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) constitute a family of at least six secreted proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and -II) and are capable of modifying IGF actions on target cells. We previously have purified an approximately 29-kDa IGFBP that is secreted by myoblasts during their terminal differentiation, have identified the protein as mouse IGFBP-5, and have cloned its cDNA (James et al., 1993). In this study, we have characterized the mouse IGFBP-5 gene, established its pattern of expression in the adult mouse, and defined its chromosomal location. The 17-kb gene was isolated on overlapping cosmid and lambda clones, and the four exons encoding the 5914-bp mRNA were sequenced. The 5' end of the gene was mapped by solution-hybridization ribonuclease protection assay to two discrete sites in exon 1 that were separated by 21 bp. The relative use of each transcription start site was found to vary among different mouse tissues. By interspecies backcross mapping using progeny derived from matings of [(C57BL/6J X Mus spretus)F1 x C57BL/6J] mice, the IGFBP-5 gene was localized to the proximal region of chromosome 1 in tight linkage with fibronectin 1 (0 recombinants in 168 mice analyzed). Since this part of chromosome 1 shares homology with human chromosome 2q, and since fibronectin has been mapped to 2q34-q36, it is likely that human IGFBP-5 will reside on 2q as well. Characterization of the mouse IGFBP-5 gene now provides a starting point for studying the roles and regulation of this protein in development.
Two Thousand Teachers View Their Profession

AbstractPopular press articles suggest that many schools are unrewarding and threatening environments. If this is so, teachers must find them unpleasant places in which to work. This study surveyed 2,223 teachers across 29 states to assess their attitudes on a number of aspects of their schools. The NSSE Teacher Opinion Survey was used. The results showed that overall teachers were pleased with their circumstances. They gave highest ratings to items classified as overall job satisfaction, next highest to student discipline, then curriculum and instruction. Lowest ratings went to school-community relations, but even this was above the scale midpoint. Generally, teachers were more positive than negative about their teaching situation.
Impact of brief interventions and brief treatment on admissions to chemical dependency treatment

This study examined two issues. One, whether individuals with possible substance use disorders were more likely to be admitted to specialized chemical dependency (CD) treatment after receiving a brief intervention (BI) - either alone or in combination with other services - than similar individuals who did not receive a BI. Two, whether participation in brief treatment (BT) following a BI was helpful in facilitating admission to CD treatment. The study took place in the emergency department (ED) of a large urban safety-net hospital where CD professionals screened patients for alcohol/drug problems and provided BI, BT, and referral to specialized CD treatment when appropriate (SBIRT). Substance use disorders were indicated by alcohol/drug problems noted in administrative records. Hospital records were used to match patients with likely substance use disorders who received BI with similar ED patients who had not been screened. Admission to publicly funded CD treatment was determined by matching patient identifiers to state administrative records of CD treatment. Results indicated that individuals with a likely substance use disorder who received a BI (regardless of subsequent participation in BT) were significantly more likely to enter specialized CD treatment in the subsequent year than similar individuals who did not receive a BI. This result was particularly pronounced for patients with no CD treatment in the past two years. Results also indicated that participation in BT facilitated admission into CD treatment. The results suggest that SBIRT programs could serve an important role in increasing entry to specialized treatment for individuals with substance use disorders.
Dynamic Chromatin Boundaries Delineate a Latency Control Region of Epstein-Barr Virus

The oncogenic potential of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be regulated by epigenetic factors controlling LMP1 and EBNA2 gene transcription. The EBV latency control region (LCR) constitutes ∼12 kb of viral sequence spanning the divergent promoters of LMP1 and EBNA2 and encompasses the EBV latent replication origin OriP and RNA polymerase III-transcribed EBV-encoded RNA genes. We have used the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to examine the chromatin architecture of the LCR in different types of EBV latency programs. We have found that histone H3 K4 methylation (H3mK4) was enriched throughout a large domain that extended from internal repeat 1 (IR1) to the terminal repeat in type III latency where EBNA2 and LMP1 genes are expressed. In type I latency where EBNA2 and LMP1 genes are transcriptionally silent, the H3mK4 domain contracts and does not enter the EBNA2 or LMP1 promoters. In contrast, histone H3 K9 methylation (H3mK9), associated with silent heterochromatin, was enriched in the EBNA2 and LMP1 upstream control regions in type I but not type III cells. MTA [5′-deoxy-5′(methylthio)adenosine], a pharmacological inhibitor of protein methylation, globally reduced histone H3mK4 and inhibited EBNA2 transcription in type III cells. 5′-Azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methylation that derepresses EBNA2 transcription in type I latency, caused H3mK4 expansion and a corresponding loss of H3mK9 at IR1. The chromatin boundary protein and transcription repressor CCCTC-binding factor was enriched at the EBNA2 transcription control region in type I but not type III cells. We also present evidence that OriP binding factors EBNA1 and ORC2 can interact with sequences outside of OriP including a region within IR1 that may influence EBNA2 transcription status. These results indicate that types I and III latency programs have distinct histone methylation patterns in the LCR and suggest that chromatin architecture coordinates gene expression of LMP1 and EBNA2.
Nuclear pores: the pore-annulus relationship in thin section.

In situ determinations of the spatial relationship between the nuclear pore and its annulus were made in ultrathin sections of African green monkey kidney and mouse 3T3 tissue culture cells, embedded as monolayers. A variety of fixation procedures, enzyme digestions, serial sections, and rotational analysis of selected images were used to analyze the structure of the pore complex. The results indicated that the annulus of each pore consists of at least two types of subunits; that it extends both into the cytoplasm and into the nucleoplasm and fits within the margins of the pore at the level of the nuclear envelope. The pore complex is hourglass-shaped since the diameter of the cytoplasmic and nuclear extensions are greater than the nuclear pore. The octagonal nature of the nuclear pore itself was confirmed. In addition, the predominant number of subannular components was also found to be eight. These observations are discussed in the light of the findings of earlier investigators and serve to clarify the structural complexity of the pore complex. On the basis of our results, which have been confirmed by three-dimensional reconstruction of the pore-annulus relationship from serial sections, we suggest that the nuclear pore complex be included among the classical cellular organelles.
Problem Solving Therapy and Supportive Therapy in Older Adults with Major Depression and Executive Dysfunction: Effect on Disability

Context Older patients with depression and executive dysfunction represent a population with significant disability and a high likelihood of failing pharmacotherapy. Objectives To examine whether problem-solving therapy (PST) reduces disability more than does supportive therapy (ST) in older patients with depression and executive dysfunction and whether this effect is mediated by improvement in depressive symptoms. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Weill Cornell Medical College and University of California at San Francisco. Participants Adults (aged >59 years) with major depression and executive dysfunction recruited between December 2002 and November 2007 and followed up for 36 weeks. Intervention Twelve sessions of PST modified for older depressed adults with executive impairment or ST. Main Outcome Measure Disability as quantified using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II. Results Of 653 individuals referred to this study, 221 met the inclusion criteria and were randomized to receive PST or ST. Both PST and ST led to comparable improvement in disability in the first 6 weeks of treatment, but a more prominent reduction was noted in PST participants at weeks 9 and 12. The difference between PST and ST was greater in patients with greater cognitive impairment and more previous episodes. Reduction in disability paralleled reduction in depressive symptoms. The therapeutic advantage of PST over ST in reducing depression was, in part, due to greater reduction in disability by PST. Although disability increased during the 24 weeks after the end of treatment, the advantage of PST over ST was retained. Conclusions These results suggest that PST is more effective than ST in reducing disability in older patients with major depression and executive dysfunction, and its benefits were retained after the end of treatment. The clinical value of this finding is that PST may be a treatment alternative in an older patient population likely to be resistant to pharmacotherapy. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00052091
IgA-Dominant Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis: A New Twist on an Old Disease

IgA-dominant acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) is an increasingly recognized morphologic variant of APIGN, particularly in the elderly. In contrast to classic APIGN, in which there is ty
Voltage Gating in Nanopores Containing Anthraquinone Mimics Biological Membrane Proteins

Ion channels formed by membrane bound proteins play a key role in the proper functioning of the human body. These membrane proteins are able to regulate the transport of water, ions, and larger molecules through small openings in the protein under a transmembrane potential. Much study has gone into illuminating how these membrane proteins sense voltage. Some mechanisms include charged residues in proteins that can reorient in an electric field or side chains that have an intrinsic dipole moment. Here we report the first synthetic nanopore to mimic and explore these possible mechanisms.We chemically attached a 9, 10 Anthraquinone (AQ) to the interior of an Alumina nanopore. In the presence of an applied voltage we found the AQ responds in a manner similar to biological pores exhibiting voltage gating. The conductivity verse voltage of the AQ modified nanopore followed a classic sigmoidal gating curve, identical to biological membrane proteins. Through this plot, it is possible determine the exact mechanism of the gating effect. In our system, we determined that the AQ was gaining one electron when the applied voltage reached a certain level. At this voltage level the AQ was reduced to form a radical semiquinone. The potential required to form the semiquinone state can be determined from the conductivity plot. This technique can also be applied to other molecules where the chemical reaction changes it response to an electric field, such as deprotonation, cation incorporation and radical formation.
ACT-Based Parenting Group for Veterans With PTSD: Development and Preliminary Outcomes

This study describes the development and implementation of a parenting psychotherapy group that utilized Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and parenting psychoeducation for veterans with PTSD. Initial results from a small sample of veterans who completed both pre- and post-treatment measures indicated improvements in positive parenting behavior, parenting satisfaction, and psychological flexibility. Qualitative data also suggested that the veterans benefited from the treatment. The authors offer recommendations for the use of this type of group therapy to address the parenting needs of both veteran and non-veteran parents with mental health concerns.
Evidence for a Surface Exciton in KBr via Laser Desorption

We demonstrate that direct photoexcitation of the single crystal KBr surface leads to desorption of hyperthermal neutral bromine atoms. We have produced separately the hyperthermal and the near-thermal components of neutral halogen emission from an alkali halide. The source of hyperthermal bromine emission is attributed to decay of a surface exciton excited at photon energies below that of the bulk exciton. We argue that the frequently observed near-thermal component is derived from excitation within the bulk crystal. Our experimental data provide strong support to a theoretical excitonic emission model previously described in the literature.
Calcium modulates dopamine potentiation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate Responses: Electrophysiological and imaging evidence

In the striatum, dopamine (DA) exerts a major modulatory influence on voltage- and ligand-gated currents. Previously we have shown that DA modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission and that the direction of this modulation depends on, among other factors, the glutamate and DA receptor subtypes activated. These effects also involve DA-induced alterations in voltage-gated Ca(2+) currents. In the present experiments, the effects of Ca(2+) channel blockers on DA and D1 receptor-dependent potentiation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) responses were examined in vitro in striatal slices using current clamp recording techniques. DA or D1 receptor agonists consistently enhanced NMDA responses. Cadmium and the more selective L-type Ca(2+) channel antagonists nifedipine and methoxyverapamil reduced the potentiation of NMDA responses by DA or D1 receptor activation. Furthermore, studies using Ca(2+) imaging with Fluo-3 in cultured cortical or dissociated striatal neurons demonstrated that DA and D1 agonists increased intracellular Ca(2+) transients induced by NMDA. These as well as previous findings indicate that in striatal neurons at least two mechanisms contribute to the enhancement of NMDA responses by DA receptor activation, facilitation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) currents and D1 receptor activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A cascade. The existence of multiple mechanisms leading to a similar outcome allows a certain degree of redundancy in the consequences of DA modulation.
Mechanisms of product formation from the pyrolytic thermal degradation of catechol.

Abstract Catechol has been identified as one of the most abundant organic products in tobacco smoke and a major molecular precursor for semiquinone type radicals in the combustion of biomass material. The high-temperature gas-phase pyrolysis of catechol under hydrogen-rich and hydrogen-lean conditions was studied using a fused-silica tubular flow reactor coupled to an in-line GC/MS analytical system. Thermal degradation of catechol over temperature range of 250–1000 °C with a reaction time of 2.0 s yielded a variety products including phenol, benzene, dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin, phenylethyne, styrene, indene, anthracene, naphthalene, and biphenylene. Ortho-benzoquinone which is typically associated with the presence of semiquinone radicals was not observed and is proposed to be the result of fast decomposition reactions that lead to a variety of other reaction products. This is in contrast to the decomposition of hydroquinone that produced para-benzoquinone as the major product. A detailed mechanism of the degradation pathway of catechol is proposed.
Extracapsular Cataract Extraction With Posterior Chamber Lens Implantation in Patients With Glaucoma

• Forty-six patients with medically controlled open angle glaucoma were scheduled to undergo extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Surgery was performed in 43 eyes; three eyes had an intraoperative complication that prevented a posterior chamber lens implantation. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 17.6 mm Hg with the patients receiving a mean of 1.9 medications. The mean intraocular pressure (16.2 mm Hg) and the number of medications (1.4) administered to the 43 eyes having the planned surgery were significantly decreased an average of 23.4 months following cataract surgery. Seventy-two percent of the eyes had a postoperative visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Operative complications were similar to those reported for the same type of cataract surgery in nonglaucomatous eyes. However, there seemed to be an increased incidence of postoperative cystoid maculopathy (11.6%) in these glaucomatous eyes compared with previous reports in the literature and with the incidence in nonglaucomatous eyes that we treated. Our study shows that extracapsular cataract extraction with a posterior chamber lens can be effective in restoring vision without compromising intraocular pressure control in eyes with preexisting open angle glaucoma.
Characterization and Distribution of Angiotensin-II Receptors in the Primate Fetus

The binding characteristics and distribution of angiotensin-II (AII) receptors were studied in Cynomolgus monkey fetuses and one second trimester human fetus. In contrast to the adult monkey, in which binding was confined to the adrenal gland, kidney, and smooth muscle, autoradiographic studies in the monkey fetus revealed the presence of high density binding in mesenchymal tissue throughout the body, especially in skeletal muscle and dermis. In the kidney at 11 weeks, binding was mainly associated with connective tissue surrounding primitive nephrons, while at 17 weeks, binding distribution was similar to that in the adult primate kidney, being confined to the glomeruli and smooth muscle of blood vessels, with low binding in the tubules. In fetal monkey adrenal, binding was high in the medulla and connective tissue of the capsule, and low in the zona glomerulosa, while in the adult, binding was high in the zona glomerulosa and medulla. In membrane preparations from fetal monkey skin and skeletal muscle, binding was specific for AII analogs, but in contrast to the adult adrenal, it was not affected by guanyl nucleotides. Scatchard analysis showed a single class of sites with a Kd of 0.6 +/- 0.1 nM and a capacity of 3060 +/- 8.3 fmol/mg, higher than that of the adult adrenal glomerulosa (605 +/- 30 fmol/mg). Specific binding for AII analogs was also present in human fetal skin and skeletal muscle membranes, where Scatchard analysis indicated a Kd of 0.8 nM and a binding capacity of 640 fmol/mg. The transient expression of abundant AII receptors during the phase of rapid growth in the fetus in conjunction with the known effects of AII on cellular growth suggest a role for AII during fetal development in the primate.
Design of a biased Stark trap of molecules that move adiabatically in an electric field

It is shown that Maxwell's equations in a vacuum do not allow for a local maximum in the value of the electric field E{sup 2}, but do allow for a local minimum. Such a field minimum creates a trap of neutral particles that exhibit a Stark effect. Specific criteria are given for the design of such a trap and results of numerical calculations of sample trap potentials are presented.
Existence of a limiting pattern for a system of nonlinear equations describing interpopulation competition

A system of arbitrarily many nonlinear ordinary differential equations which can be interpreted as describing competition between populations is studied here. It is found that limits exist for the system given specified constraints on the “signal function” which describes input-output relations at the level of single populations. Existence of limits is shown by means of a function which records which variable in the system is growing fastest at a given time i.e. who is winning the competition. Generalizations are discussed to sigmoid signal functions which appear in models of pattern discrimination by neuron populations.
Tritrophic Effects in Bt Cotton

Transgenic insecticidal Bt crops are being increasingly used worldwide, and concern is increasing about resistance and their effects on nontarget organisms. The toxin acts as a weak pesticide and, hence, the effects are subtler than those of chemical biocides. However, the toxin is ever present, but concentrations vary with age of plant and plant subunit, causing varying lethal and sublethal effects on pest survival, developmental time, and fecundity. Refuges for susceptibility to Bt occur spatially in non-Bt hosts and temporally within the crop because of time-varying toxicity and pest tolerance. Natural enemies feeding on Bt-intoxicated prey may have reduced longevity and, likely, fecundity that reduces their efficacy in controlling pest populations, and pest resurgence and secondary pest outbreaks may occur that may require insecticide use. System modeling is proposed as an efficient tool for examining the use of extant and future biotechnologies in pest control.
New predictive models for the dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt

Abstract This paper presents a fundamental modeling framework for prediction of dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt mixtures based on viscoelastic principles. The outcomes are two closed-form models that can be used to predict the mixture dynamic modulus for a wide range of temperatures (−10°, 4.4°, 37.8°, and 54.4 °C) recommended in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) TP62-03 test protocol. To develop and verify the models a large database that covers the complete range of potential input conditions was assembled. In general, the proposed models predict the dynamic modulus with a very good level of accuracy.
Kinetics of Drug Action in Disease States. XXXVI: Effect of Cyclosporine on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of a Barbiturate (Heptabarbital) in Rats

Abstract Pretreatment with cyclosporine reportedly prolongs the effect of certain general anesthetics in humans and the sleeping time of mice after pentobarbital administration. This investigation was designed to determine the mechanism(s) of the cyclosporine–barbiturate interaction. Adult female Wistar rats received cyclosporine (50 mg/kg im) or saline solution daily for 3 days. On the third day, they were injected with heptabarbital (45 mg/kg iv). Other cyclosporine-treated and control groups were infused with heptabarbital until they lost their righting reflex. Treatment for 3 d with cyclosporine was associated with decreased rectal temperature, decreased magnesium concentrations in serum and CSF, increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and total bilirubin concentration, decreased serum total protein concentration, and increased hematocrit. These physiologic changes are consistent with the clinically observed hypomagnesemia, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity in patients treated with cyclosporine. Control rats slept for 90 ± 14 min (mean ± SD, n = 9) after heptabarbital injection, whereas cyclosporine-pretreated rats slept for 154 ± 22 min. Compared with controls, cyclosporine-pretreated rats awoke (after heptabarbital injection) and went to sleep (after heptabarbital infusion) with significantly lower barbiturate concentrations in serum and CSF. Pretreatment with a single 60-mg/kg im dose of cyclosporine 2 h before heptabarbital infusion caused no significant biochemical changes ~160 min later, except for elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (which occurred also after injection of the surfactant-containing vehicle) and serum bilirubin. Again, heptabarbital concentrations at onset of sleep (loss of righting reflex) in serum, brain, and CSF of cyclosporine-treated rats were significantly lower than in saline-treated controls. Two or three days of pretreatment with cyclosporine (50 mg/kg/day, im) had no significant effect on the total clearance of the barbiturate. These results indicate that cyclosporine can prolong barbiturate-induced general anesthesia by a pharmacodynamic mechanism.
Brief and Intermittent Approaches to Practice: The State of Practice

This article is written to provide an overview of the past and present use of two common types of time-limited therapy. Brief (also known as ‘short term’) and intermittent therapies are explored. Using these time-limited frameworks, a structure and procedural review for conducting evidence-based intervention strategy is presented. Several popularmethodologies thatusea time-limited focusare reviewed.Recommendations,practiceguidelines, andstrategy foruseofthesemethodsarepresented.[BriefTreatmentandCrisisIntervention8:147–163(2008)]
The Henderson Approximation and the Mass Action Law of Guldberg and Waage

Using contemporary accounts, we describe the scope of the Henderson approximation, and its relationship to the mass action law of Guldberg & Waage. The Henderson approximation, apparently written in logarithmic form by Hasselbalch, has the same form as the mass action law, but has a completely different meaning and a much more restricted range of applicability. The Guldberg-Waage law is the fundamental mass action relationship valid for all chemical equilibria, whereas the Henderson approximation is useful only within a limited range of a sufficiently concentrated two-component buffer mixture.
Dinitrogen Functionalization with Terminal Alkynes, Amines, and Hydrazines Promoted by [(η5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(μ2,η2,η2-N2): Observation of Side-On and End-On Diazenido Complexes in the Reduction of N2 to Hydrazine

Functionalization of the N2 ligand in the side-on bound dinitrogen complex, [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2), has been accomplished by addition of terminal alkynes to furnish acetylide zirconocene diazenido complexes, [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr(C[triple bond]CR)]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2H2) (R = nBu, tBu, Ph). Characterization of [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr(C[triple bond]CCMe3)]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2H2) by X-ray diffraction revealed a side-on bound diazenido ligand in the solid state, while variable-temperature 1H and 15N NMR studies established rapid interconversion between eta1,eta1 and eta2,eta2 hapticity of the [N2H2]2- ligand in solution. Synthesis of alkyl, halide, and triflato zirconocene diazenido complexes, [(eta5-C5Me4H)2ZrX]2(mu2,eta1,eta1-N2H2) (X = Cl, I, OTf, CH2Ph, CH2SiMe3), afforded eta1,eta1 coordination of the [N2H2]2- fragment both in the solid state and in solution, demonstrating that sterically demanding, in some cases pi-donating, ligands can overcome the electronically preferred side-on bonding mode. Unlike [(eta5-C5Me4H)2ZrH]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2H2), the acetylide and alkyl zirconocene diazenido complexes are thermally robust, resisting alpha-migration and N2 cleavage up to temperatures of 115 degrees C. Dinitrogen functionalization with [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2) was also accomplished by addition of proton donors. Weak Bronsted acids such as water and ethanol yield hydrazine and (eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr(OH)2 and (eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr(OEt)2, respectively. Treatment of [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2) with HNMe2 or H2NNMe2 furnished amido or hydrazido zirconocene diazenido complexes that ultimately produce hydrazine upon protonation with ethanol. These results contrast previous observations with [(eta5-C5Me5)2Zr(eta1-N2)]2(mu2,eta1,eta1-N2) where loss of free dinitrogen is observed upon treatment with weak acids. These studies highlight the importance of cyclopentadienyl substituents on transformations involving coordinated dinitrogen.
Acceptance-Enhanced Behavior Therapy for Trichotillomania in Adolescents

Abstract Although several studies have examined the efficacy of Acceptance Enhanced Behavior Therapy (AEBT) for the treatment of trichotillomania (TTM) in adults, data are limited with respect to the treatment of adolescents. Our case series illustrates the use of AEBT for TTM in the treatment of two adolescents. The AEBT protocol (Woods & Twohig, 2008) is a structured treatment manual that was adapted to the individual clients’ needs and clinical progress. Both clients reported clinically significant gains in treatment as determined by at least 2 weeks of abstinence from pulling, and subjective reports of decreased distress and impairment, although one required a booster session due to relapse. AEBT is worth further exploration as a treatment for adolescents with TTM.
Binary input, output, and manipulation extensions of conversational programming with some biological applications

This paper presents details of how the conversational programming system may be extended to allow input, output, and manipulation in binary and how these extensions may be used in various applications.