cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interstellar sulfur hydride: a search for the 111-megahertz lines.

Similarities in the energy-level structure of the sulfur hydride radical and the hydroxyl radical suggest that sulfur hydride in the interstellar medium might be detectable because of a population inversion or anti-inversion similar to that of the hydroxyl radical. We have searched for the 111.54-megahertz transition [ F (total angular momentum quantum number) = 2 → 2] and for the 111.22-megahertz transition ( F = 1 → 1) in the galactic radio source W49, one of the brightest hydroxyl emission sources. No sulfur hydride emission lines with half-power widths of 130 hertz or greater were detected with the 1000-foot Arecibo antenna. The upper limits established with 100-hertz filters were 50 and 60 flux units (1 flux unit= 1026 watt meter-2 hertz-1), respectively, for the two lines.
Monoclonal antibody prophylaxis against the in vivo toxicity of ricin in mice.

A BALB/c murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody, designated BG11-G2, specific for ricin was generated. BG11–G2 antibody did not bind to either purified ricin chain A or chain B, but recognized an antigenic determinant whose conformation requires the combination of the two chains in the formation of the native ricin molecule. It did not react with the protein synthesis inhibitor, T-2 mycotoxin, or with the sodium channel blockers, saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin. As little as 0.78 μg/ml of BG11-G2 IgG1 anti-ricin monoclonal antibody completely protected against the in vitro toxicity of ricin as determined by [3H]leucine uptake in EL-4 cell assays. Passive intraperitoneal infusion of purified BG11-G2 antibody into BALB/c mice one day prior to a lethal challenge with ricin considerably delayed the onset of toxicity and death. Better protection was obtained with BG11-G2 infused before and after ricin challenge.
The effect of ancrod on perfusion of myocutaneous flaps.

• Ancrod is a defibrinogenating enzyme that also stimulates production of prostacyclin and, thereby, acts indirectly as a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The actions of ancrod have provided the rationale for successful clinical use in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and venous thrombosis. A porcine panniculus carnosus myocutaneous flap model was utilized to study the effects of ancrod on flap perfusion and viability. Ancrod treatment appeared to increase perfusion at one distal flap site, as measured by dermofluorometry. A small but not statistically significant increase in percent of viable flap surface area was also observed In ancrod-treated piglets. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;114:1175-1177)
Diffusion in Potential Fields: Time-Dependent Capture on Radial and Rectangular Substrates

In models of nucleation and growth on surfaces, it is usually assumed that the energy surface of the substrate is flat, that diffusion is isotropic, and that capture numbers can be calculated in the diffusion-controlled limit. We lift these restrictions analytically, and introduce a hybrid discrete FFT method of solving for the 2D time-dependent diffusion field of adparticles on general non-uniform substrates. The method, with periodic boundary conditions, is appropriate, for example, following nucleation on a regular (rectangular) array of defects. The programs, which have been realized in Matlab®6.5, are instructive for visualizing potential and diffusion fields, and for producing illustrative movies of crystal growth under various conditions. Here we demonstrate the time-dependence of capture numbers in the initial stages of annealing at high adparticle concentration in the presence of repulsive adparticle-cluster interactions; however it is clear that the method works in general for deposition, growth and annealing at all times.
Dishonest Behavior: The Impact of Prior Self-Regulatory Exertion and Personality

The current study examined how prior self-regulatory exertion and the personality characteristics of self-control, integrity, and conscientiousness contribute to dishonest behavior. Participants completed measures of these 3 personality characteristics, followed by either a self-control typing task or a non-self-control version of the task. They were then told to complete a clerical task, for which they were compensated, until the end of the experiment session. Participants were left alone during this task, and had the opportunity to leave before the designated end time. Results indicated that participants who initially completed the self-control task were more likely to leave the experiment early than were participants who initially completed the non-self-control task. In addition, self-control and integrity were negatively associated with dishonest behavior.
The Translator as Communicator.

The Translator as Communicator. Basil Hatim and Ian Mason. New York: Routledge, 1997. 244 pp.
Use of panobinostat in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma

SUMMARY Panobinostat is a deacetylase inhibitor that exerts antitumor activity by modifying the acetylation status of histones and other critical cellular proteins. Panobinostat as a single agent produced an overall response rate of 27% in patients with relapsed or recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma after stem cell transplantation. Clinical trials of panobinostat combined with chemotherapy or with other targeting agents such as mTOR inhibitors or lenalidomide have shown promising interim results. The most common toxicity with panobinostat as a single agent or in combination is thrombocytopenia. Patient enrollment in ongoing or future clinical trials of panobinostat is encouraged so that the role of this agent in patients with recurrent classical Hodgkin lymphoma can be further studied.
Hotel Trademarks in Organic Search A Longitudinal Cross-National Study

The importance of the online travel search environment is well documented. In this context, trademarks play an instrumental role in resolving customer confusion in the search environment. An important element of the online search environment is the organic search output that is typically displayed on the left side of the search results screen on major search engines. This study evaluated the organic search listing performance in a U.S.-based search context of hotel trademarks (websites) on three search engines (Google, Yahoo! and MSN [later Bing]) across four countries (United States, United Kingdom, China, and India) over two separate time periods (years 2007 and 2009) for three tiers of lodging operation (economy, midscale, and upscale). Findings indicate that there are significant differences across countries, across lodging tiers and over time periods. The study draws attention for hoteliers to focus on website optimization and trademark control in the online information space.
Closed-form for infinite sum in bandlimited CDMA

A closed-form expression is presented for an infinite sum that appears in the theoretical analysis of works in code-division multiple access (CDMA) that assume root-raised-cosine pulse shaping instead of rectangular pulse shaping. The expression derived is sufficiently general to work for arbitrary values of the roll-off factor. The expression is expected to contribute to the simplification of the analysis of CDMA systems with realistic pulse shaping.
Majority carrier surface mobilities in thermally oxidized silicon

A method of evaluation of majority carrier field-effect mobilities in surface space charge regions is described. This method is also adapted for the determination of chargeable (fast) surface state distribution in the gap. Experimental results obtained with both p- and n-type thermally oxidized silicon samples are presented. In these samples, the surface state density was found to be less than 1010electronic states/cm2and thus were well suited for the evaluation of effective surface mobility by the dc field-effect measurements. The experimental mobilities are compared with those predicted by the theory of Greene et al. It was found that at flatband and at weak surface accumulation, measured values were lower than those theoretically predicted. For the case of strong surface accumulation, the opposite was true.
Requirements to detect the monoenergetic photon signature of thermal cold dark matter in PeV-scale split supersymmetry

Split supersymmetry scenarios with PeV-scale scalar masses circumvent many of the restrictions on supersymmetry coming from experimental limits on CP violation, flavor-changing neutral currents, and the Higgs boson mass. We consider the situation where the lightest supersymmetric particle is either a W-ino or Higgsino and the majority of its cold dark-matter relic density is of thermal origin, in which case its mass is specified to be 2.3 TeV for a W-ino or 1.1 TeV for a Higgsino. We examine the potential for indirect detection, at present and future {gamma}-ray telescopes, of the monoenergetic photon lines that would result from the annihilation of these particles near the galactic center. We show how the possibility for detection depends on the precise form of the galactic dark-matter halo profile and examine what performance attributes a {gamma}-ray detector would need in order to register a 5{sigma} discovery.
A simple algorithm for nearest neighbor search in high dimensions

The problem of finding the closest point in high-dimensional spaces is common in pattern recognition. Unfortunately, the complexity of most existing search algorithms, such as k-d tree and R-tree, grows exponentially with dimension, making them impractical for dimensionality above 15. In nearly all applications, the closest point is of interest only if it lies within a user-specified distance /spl epsiv/. We present a simple and practical algorithm to efficiently search for the nearest neighbor within Euclidean distance /spl epsiv/. The use of projection search combined with a novel data structure dramatically improves performance in high dimensions. A complexity analysis is presented which helps to automatically determine /spl epsiv/ in structured problems. A comprehensive set of benchmarks clearly shows the superiority of the proposed algorithm for a variety of structured and unstructured search problems. Object recognition is demonstrated as an example application. The simplicity of the algorithm makes it possible to construct an inexpensive hardware search engine which can be 100 times faster than its software equivalent. A C++ implementation of our algorithm is available.
Acetabular Labral Tears

Anterior hip or groin pain is a common complaint for which people are referred for physical therapy, with the hip region being involved in approximately 5% to 9% of injuries in high school athletes.1 Although anterior hip pain is known to result from a number of musculoskeletal and systemic pathologies, a tear of the acetabular labrum is a recent addition to the list that is of particular interest to physical therapists. This mechanically induced pathology is thought to result from excessive forces at the hip joint2,3 and has been proposed as part of a continuum of hip joint disease that may result in articular cartilage degeneration.2 Although the number of recent articles in the orthopedic literature identifying acetabular labral tears as a source of hip pain is increasing, labral tears often evade detection, resulting in a long duration of symptoms, greater than 2 years on average, before diagnosis.4–8 Studies have shown that 22% of athletes with groin pain9 and 55% of patients with mechanical hip pain of unknown etiology2 were found to have a labral tear upon further evaluation. In order to provide the most appropriate intervention for patients with anterior hip or groin pain, physical therapists should be knowledgeable about all of the possible sources and causes of this pain, including a tear of the acetabular labrum and the possible factors contributing to these tears. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the anatomy and function of the acetabular labrum and present current concepts on the etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of labral tears. The acetabular labrum is a ring consisting of both fibrocartilage and dense connective tissue10 attached to the bony rim of the acetabulum (Fig. 1). This ring is normally triangular in cross …
On the Time Dimension of Investing

This paper explores how to structure choices for personal investment accounts that have a well-defined set of target dates. Key examples are investing for retirement or for a child's college education. We show that if the investor's objective is to minimize the ex ante cost of hitting specific targets at specific dates, the optimal portfolio strategy is to match the portfolio's payoffs to the time profile of those targets and not take any risk. Therefore to accommodate risk-averse investors with diverse time horizons, financial institutions ought to provide their clients with a term structure of risk-free investments to serve as clear points of reference. In structuring choices with different degrees of risk and reward, an important set of reference points is a term structure of exchange-traded index options and the corresponding set of implied volatilities. In framing the time dimension in this fashion, one avoids the need for explicit forecasts of the term structure of equity risk premia, which are notoriously difficult to forecast. Our approach is not vulnerable to the potential biases inherent in the use of historical time series, such as survivorship bias. Our approach and the mean-variance efficient frontier approach should be seen as complements rather than as substitutes. We view ours as a natural first step in structuring the time dimension of investment choice in personal investment accounts. Subsequent steps should include econometric modeling and some kind of tailoring to the preferences and circumstances of the end user.
Nonstationary AR modeling and constrained recursive estimation of the displacement field

An approach to constrained recursive estimation of the displacement vector field (DVF) in image sequences is presented. An estimate of the displacement vector at the working point is obtained by minimizing the linearized displaced frame difference based on a set of observations that belong to a causal neighborhood (mask). An expression for the variance of the linearization error (noise) is obtained. Because the estimation of the DVF is an ill-posed problem, the solution is constrained by considering an autoregressive (AR) model for the DVF. A nonstationary AR model of the DVF is also considered. Additional information about the solution is incorporated into the algorithm using a causal oriented smoothness constraint. A set theoretic regularization approach based on this formulation results in a weighted constrained least-squares estimation of the DVF. The algorithm shows an improved performance with respect to accuracy, robustness of occlusion, and smoothness of the estimated DVF when applied to typical videoconferencing scenes. >
Conditionally consistent estimators using only probabilities of selection in complex sample surveys

Abstract Predictive regression estimators using functions of the probability of selection π i , as covariates are studied as an alternative to classical p-weighting estimators for the finite population mean in complex sample surveys. Variance estimators are developed based on the relationship var(y i | π i ), where y, is the response and π i is the probability of selection. Extensions to cluster sample designs are outlined, and an example is given from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey of 1988.
Membrane for selective capture of the microbial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

Membrane filtration is widely used for sterile filtration, flowthrough immuno-filtration, virus removal, and microbiological analysis.1,2,3,4,5,6 Prior work has described membranes that retain one protein over others.7,8 The purpose of this work is to capture a target species of living cells from a mixed population of microorganisms being concentrated in the retentate of solution being pushed through a membrane. We report selective capture of one living microorganism from another by an antibody immobilized on a lysine-modified polycarbonate membrane. Capture of a relatively large microbial entity (L. monocytogenes at 1 m) by a 75 to 150 fold smaller ligand (the antibody) occurs with high efficiency, when a spacer (poly-Llysine) reacted to the membrane’s surface is derivatized with an antibody (P66) specific to Listeria. The results show that isolation of the food pathogen L. monocytogenes from E. coli in less than 2 h is possible.
Genetics of the Fowl: XIII. Breed Differences in Susceptibility to Salmonella Pullorum

Abstract IN PREVIOUS papers of this series it was shown that White Leghorns differ from heavy breeds in being much more resistant to extreme heat (Hutt, 1938) and to a deficiency of vitamin B1 (Lamoreux and Hutt, 1939). It has also been stated (Hutt, 1935Hutt, 1938Hutt, 1941) that White Leghorns are more resistant to pullorum disease than are heavy breeds. This fact is so well known to experienced poultrymen that it seemed almost unnecessary to substantiate it, but, because the statement, has occasionally been challenged, presentation of some of the evidence seems desirable. This is particularly so because, even in such extensive reviews as those of Reis and Nobrega (1936) and van Heelsbergen (1929) and in the monograph of Rettger and Plastridge (1932), there is no reference whatever to the fact that some breeds are more resistant to pullorum disease than others. Roberts and Card (1935) have already reported experiments indicating . . .
Citizen participation in the budget process: the effect of city managers

Much of the literature on citizen participation in the budget process links the council-manager form of government with higher levels of citizen participation, assuming the council-manager form represents professional administration. This is contradictory to the reality that different forms of government have “borrowed” features from each other and many now have mixed forms of government (i.e., adapted). The literature also contains ambiguities about city managers’ role in participatory budgeting. We review the literature and identify three competing theories about the role of professional managers in the budget process. We directly examine the effect of city managers in terms of their professional dimensions, institutional environment, and individual willingness to represent citizens. Using survey data from Florida, we demonstrate that managers’ professionalism, perceived political environment, and attitude toward citizen input are important factors explaining local governments’ adoption of participatory budgeting.
Prolonged hyperglycemia & hyperinsulinemia increases BDNF mRNA expression in the posterior ventromedial hypothalamus and the dorsomedial hypothalamus of fed female rats

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and the central control of energy homeostasis. Peripheral metabolic signals such as leptin and glucose regulate hypothalamic BDNF gene expression. However, the effects of long-term hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia on BDNF mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and other brain regions where BDNF regulates physiological functions have not been investigated. Therefore, using in situ hybridization we examined whether high glucose, high insulin, or both affected BDNF gene expression in vivo. Ovariectomized, estrogen-replaced adult rats were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and infused for 48 h with: saline (control), glucose (hyperglycemia-hyperinsulinemia), glucose with insulin (hyperinsulinemia only), diazoxide (Dzx) (control), or glucose with Dzx (hyperglycemia only). Glucose infusion (Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia) significantly increased BDNF mRNA expression in the posterior ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (pVMH) and in the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH). Unexpectedly, infusion of the KATP channel opener Dzx also increased BDNF mRNA expression in the pVMH and DMH. In contrast, no significant changes in BDNF mRNA expression were observed in the groups that were hyperinsulinemic only or hyperglycemic only. BDNF mRNA expression did not differ as a function of treatment in the anterior VMH, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, or the amygdala. Hyperglycemia with and without hyperinsulinemia decreased BDNF mRNA levels in the pituitary. Plasma BDNF concentrations were not changed by any of the treatments. Our results suggest that hyperinsulinemia alone does not affect BDNF mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, or pituitary. Our study is the first to distinguish that within the hypothalamus, prolonged high glucose levels in non-fasted rats regulates BDNF gene expression in a brain nuclei-specific fashion.
Isolating top contributions in the production of the 750 GeV diphoton excess

Recently, both ATLAS and CMS collaborations report an excess at 750GeV in the diphoton invariant mass spectrum at 13TeV LHC. If it is a new scalar produced via loop induced gluon-gluon fusion process, it is important to know what is the particle in the loop. In this work, we investigate the possibility of determine the fraction of the contribution from the standard model top-quark in the loop.
Efficiency / Equity Analysis of Environmental Problems — A Game Theoretic Perspective

Procedures for efficiency/equity analysis in U.S. water resources planning are compared to related concepts in cooperative TV-person game theory. The intent is to recommend procedures for allocating and sharing the costs of water pollution control programs. The selected solution concept is two part tariff which is a proration between the minimum and maximum costs a player can be charged and still retain stable coalitions for all sub groups. A single linear program is solved 2nd times to obtain the required lower and upper bounds.
Kalirin and Trio proteins serve critical roles in excitatory synaptic transmission and LTP

The molecular mechanism underlying long-term potentiation (LTP) is critical for understanding learning and memory. CaMKII, a key kinase involved in LTP, is both necessary and sufficient for LTP induction. However, how CaMKII gives rise to LTP is currently unknown. Recent studies suggest that Rho GTPases are necessary for LTP. Rho GTPases are activated by Rho guanine exchange factors (RhoGEFs), but the RhoGEF(s) required for LTP also remain unknown. Here, using a combination of molecular, electrophysiological, and imaging techniques, we show that the RhoGEF Kalirin and its paralog Trio play critical and redundant roles in excitatory synapse structure and function. Furthermore, we show that CaMKII phosphorylation of Kalirin is sufficient to enhance synaptic AMPA receptor expression, and that preventing CaMKII signaling through Kalirin and Trio prevents LTP induction. Thus, our data identify Kalirin and Trio as the elusive targets of CaMKII phosphorylation responsible for AMPA receptor up-regulation during LTP.
Abstract 3162: Enhancement Of Antioxidative Activity Facilitates Cell Transplantation Therapy For Stroke

Background: Recent studies show that neural stem cells (NSCs) transplanted in the brain provide a potential therapy not only for ischemic stroke, but also for hemorrhagic stroke. However, the low survival rate of grafted NSCs in the brain might preclude a therapeutic effect. We focused on the effect of oxidative stress against grafted cells and hypothesized that conferring antioxidant properties to the NSCs before transplantation into the host tissue may overcome cell death in the hostile host environment and enhance neuroprotection after transplantation. Methods: NSCs were obtained from the striatum of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) transgenic mice, manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) transgenic mice and wild-type mice. The NSCs were exposed to several kinds of oxidative stress (oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation, hemoglobin, H2O2, NO), and preconditioning was performed before exposure to oxidative stress. Preconditioning with IL-6 induced SOD2 up-regulation via Janus activating kinase-signal transducer activator of transcription 3 in NSCs and preconditioning with minocycline up-regulated Nrf-2, which is a crucial component of the endogenous antioxidant system. Cell viability was assessed with LDH assay, WST-1 assay and TUNEL staining. To examine survival of the grafted cells in the ischemic region in vivo, they were transplanted into the cortical ischemic penumbra 6 hours after ischemia, and TUNEL staining was performed 2 days after transplantation. Neurological evaluation was performed before and 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplantation. Results: Death of transgenic (SOD1 and SOD2) NSCs and preconditioned (PC) NSCs was significantly decreased compared with wild-type non-PC NSCs after exposure to oxidative stress. Furthermore, these NSCs showed that hydroethidine signals, which represent superoxide production, were suppressed under oxidative conditions. Preconditioning reduced the number of TUNEL-positive grafted cells in the ischemic brain 2 days after transplantation compared with non-PC NSCs (IL-6 by 40%, n=4, p Conclusion: Our results suggest that enhanced antioxidative activity in NSCs before transplantation provides improved survival of NSCs in the stroke brain. The increased survival of these NSCs may provide therapeutic potential for neuroprotection in stroke patients.
Effects of Some Mycotoxins on the Mediterranean Flour Moth

The Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta (Ephestia) kuhniella (Zeller), was reared on whole wheat flour diets with and without a yeast supplement. Six mycotoxins produced by grain storage fungi were added to the diets in 10-fold concentrations. Larval growth was inhibited by orchratoxin A, citrinin, rubratoxin B, and patulin. Ten ppm of ochratoxin A and 100 ppm of citrinin and rubratoxin B caused significant mortality. No moths survived at 100-ppm ochratoxin A and 1,000-ppm citrinin. Rubratoxin B decreased fecundity and fertility, especially in diets without yeast. Penicillic acid and oxalic acid had no effect. Mycotoxin activity in the measured parameters of growth, development, reproduction, and mortality was mitigated by yeast supplementation of the diet.
Flavor-changing radiativeB decays

We calculate the exclusive rate forB→K* (890)γ andB→K** (1400)γ arising from the quark subprocessb→sγ. These provide a good test of the standard model because they probe the flavor changing loop enhanced by QCD corrections. We have used relativised constituent quark model to evaluate the different form factors and estimate the recoil effects.
Cervical Spondylosis: Observations Based on Surgical Treatment of 400 Patients

It should be possible to establish an accurate diagnosis of cervical spondylosis in most cases. When diagnosis is accurate, the disorder can be corrected surgically. A “nofee” approach to psychogenic, potentially compensable pain is described. The patient is advised that organic disease cannot be found, that symptoms are thought to be functional, and that treatment will be given without charge if symptoms persist.
The dynamic response analyses of vault-anchored tanks subjected to horizontal displacement harmonic excitation

Seismic disasters are indicated that damage of tanks under strong earthquake would result in serious consequences,so it is particularly important for studying the seismic performance of tanks.The dynamic response of a vault-anchored tank subjected to horizontal displacement harmonic excitation is investigated.Finite elements models of a 3 000m3 cone roof tank are used to the study.The vault-anchored tank is analyzed under the displacement excitation of harmonic waves,dynamic response analysis of the tank is achieved.Besides the comparative analyses of the tank under the both displacemet and acceleration excitation are made.The dynamic response analyses show that liquid sloshing wave height of the tank is influenced by ground site obviously,the stress distributions of the tank have a certain regularity.The comparison between response results under the displacement excitation and the acceleration excitation show that the stress,the displacement and the dynamic water pressure are larger and the liquid sloshing wave height is lower for the displacement excitation.
A Case Study of Complex Graph Analysis in Distributed Memory: Implementation and Optimization

In recent years, a large number of graph processing frameworks have been introduced, with their goal to simplify analysis of real-world graphs on commodity hardware. Additionally, the Graph500 benchmark has motivated extensive optimization of fundamental graph computations such as breadth-first search and shortest paths on leading high-performance computing systems. The purpose of this current work is to bridge the gap between these two research areas: we introduce a methodology for graph processing that is simple to implement, and yet offers high performance when scaling up from a single compute node up to several thousand nodes. We develop a compact and efficient graph representation, implement several graph analytics, and describe a number of optimizations that can be applied to these analytics. We test our implementations on the 2012 Web Data Commons hyperlink graph with 3.56 billion vertices and 128.7 billion edges, and perform scalability studies up to 4096 nodes of the Blue Waters supercomputer. On 256 nodes of Blue Waters, we demonstrate execution of six graph analytics on this large hyperlink graph in about 20 minutes.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and electroanatomic voltage discordance in non-ischemic left ventricle ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular depolarizations

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with late gadolinium enhancement is commonly performed in patients with non-ischemic LV ventricular tachycardia/ventricular premature depolarizations (non-ischemic LV-VT/VPDs) to define VT substrate prior to catheter ablation. We investigated the prevalence of abnormal voltage and VT localized to areas of the myocardium not reported to have late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on routine pre-procedural MRI and sought to determine if quantitative MRI analysis could reduce this discordance. Patients with non-ischemic LV-VT/VPD who underwent LV endocardial mapping with VT/VPD ablation and either septal or free wall MRI-voltage discordance were studied. Electroanatomic maps were analyzed post-procedure for areas of electrogram-defined scar and VT localized to areas without reported LGE. Discordant segments were then analyzed offline using delayed signal intensity of >2 and >5 standard deviations above normal myocardium. Of 90 consecutive patients, 32 (36%) patients with septal (n = 16), free wall (n = 14) or both (n = 2) MRI-voltage + mismatch were identified. All discordant segments demonstrated unipolar voltage abnormalities with 12 patients (6 septal and 6 free wall) also showing low bipolar voltage but no LGE at signal intensity >5 standard deviations. Eleven patients (5 septum, 6 free wall) had VT localized to discordant areas. Ninety-three percent of patients in the septal group (26/48 segments) and 89% of patients in the free wall group (9/13 segments) had a concordant response established by using a signal intensity cutoff of >2 standard deviations. MRI-voltage discordance was identified in 36% of patients with non-ischemic LV-VT/VPD who underwent VT ablation. In 12% of patients, VT was targeted in areas of abnormal voltage not suggested by routine qualitative MRI. Quantitative MRI analysis using a lower signal intensity threshold increased the sensitivity for detecting areas of clinically relevant VT substrate.
Using Mathematical Learning Goals to Analyze Teacher Noticing

Teacher noticing of student mathematical thinking is increasingly seen as an important construct, but challenges remain in operationalizing and assessing teachers’ analyses of their classrooms. In this chapter, we present a methodology for analyzing teachers’ professional noticing of student mathematical thinking based on its alignment to mathematical learning goals. This process entails first deconstructing a mathematical learning goal into its conceptually important pieces (known as subgoals). Then, researchers can look for references to these subgoals in teachers’ attending, interpreting, and deciding (the three skills of noticing). When teachers reference conceptual subgoals of a learning goal in their noticing, it indicates their attention to students’ reasoning about the important mathematical ideas of a lesson. This method of data analysis can be used across a variety of contexts and allows for greater precision in understanding teacher noticing by focusing on its mathematical content and attention to relevant student thinking. In this theoretical chapter, we describe this research methodology (and the process of deconstructing learning goals and using subgoals), justify its appropriateness as a measure of teacher noticing, and provide examples from our own and others’ work to illuminate its use.
Integration of acoustic and electric hearing is better in the same ear than across ears.

Advances in cochlear implant (CI) technology allow for acoustic and electric hearing to be combined within the same ear (electric-acoustic stimulation, or EAS) and/or across ears (bimodal listening). Integration efficiency (IE; the ratio between observed and predicted performance for acoustic-electric hearing) can be used to estimate how well acoustic and electric hearing are combined. The goal of this study was to evaluate factors that affect IE in EAS and bimodal listening. Vowel recognition was measured in normal-hearing subjects listening to simulations of unimodal, EAS, and bimodal listening. The input/output frequency range for acoustic hearing was 0.1–0.6 kHz. For CI simulations, the output frequency range was 1.2–8.0 kHz to simulate a shallow insertion depth and the input frequency range was varied to provide increasing amounts of speech information and tonotopic mismatch. Performance was best when acoustic and electric hearing was combined in the same ear. IE was significantly better for EAS than for bimodal listening; IE was sensitive to tonotopic mismatch for EAS, but not for bimodal listening. These simulation results suggest acoustic and electric hearing may be more effectively and efficiently combined within rather than across ears, and that tonotopic mismatch should be minimized to maximize the benefit of acoustic-electric hearing, especially for EAS.
Safe Bets or Hot Hands? How Status and Celebrity Influence Strategic Alliance Formations by Newly Public Firms

Social approval assets derive their value from favorable stakeholder perceptions. Past research has focused primarily on their role as signals that reduce stakeholders’ perceived uncertainty about ...
Minterms, Maxterms, Karnaugh Map (K-Map), and Universal Gates

This chapter covers minterms and maxterms, use of K-map to simplify Boolean function, Boolean function representation in the form of sum of product (SOP) and product of sums (POS), and application of universal gates (NAND and OR).
Resilience as a moderating factor between stress and alcohol-related consequences in the Army National Guard

Abstract Due to the current prolonged conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, members of the United States National Guard and Reserve have shifted from a historically support-based role to an integral segment of combat efforts. Clinical and epidemiological research studies conducted on both civilian and military populations have documented high rates of comorbidity of stress disorders and substance use disorders. It is widely understood that excessive alcohol use is an issue among military personnel. The aim of this paper is to describe risk factors for alcohol-related serious consequences in a study of Army National Guard service members, as well as the role of resilience in protecting against these risks. Members of the National Guard (N = 320) participated in the survey. We conducted a multiple regression to predict alcohol-related serious consequences and a simple moderation analysis was performed. After controlling for race, education, and deployment history, several variables emerged as significant predictors of alcohol-related consequences. Higher stressors, lower resilience, younger age, being unmarried and not living as married, being male, and identifying as non-Hispanic were associated with higher levels of serious alcohol-related consequences. Results revealed that resilience significantly moderated the relationship between stress and alcohol-related consequences. This study furthers our understanding of the alcohol-stress relationship by contextualizing it in terms of behaviors related to alcohol, as opposed to measuring consumption only. Most importantly, our work extends prior research in its examination of resilience as a moderator of the relationship between stress and serious alcohol-related consequences.
Evidence of demyelination in mild cognitive impairment and dementia using a direct and specific magnetic resonance imaging measure of myelin content

Abstract Introduction We investigated brain demyelination in aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia using a direct magnetic resonance imaging marker of myelin. Methods Brains of young and old controls, and old subjects with MCI, Alzheimer's disease, or vascular dementia were scanned using our recently developed myelin water fraction (MWF) mapping technique, which provides greatly improved accuracy over previous comparable methods. Maps of MWF, a direct and specific myelin measure, and relaxation times and magnetization transfer ratio, indirect and nonspecific measures, were constructed. Results MCI subjects showed decreased MWF compared with old controls. Demyelination was greater in Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. As expected, decreased MWF was accompanied by decreased magnetization transfer ratio and increased relaxation times. The young subjects showed greater myelin content than the old subjects. Discussion We believe this to be the first demonstration of myelin loss in MCI, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia using a method that provides a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging–based measure of myelin. Our findings add to the emerging evidence that myelination may represent an important biomarker for the pathology of MCI and dementia. This study supports the investigation of the role of myelination in MCI and dementia through use of this quantitative magnetic resonance imaging approach in clinical studies of disease progression, and relationship of functional status to myelination status. Furthermore, mapping MWF may permit myelin to serve as a therapeutic target in clinical trials.
Validation of a Uniform, Standardized Testing Model for Emergency Neurological Life Support (ENLS) (S14.007)

Objective: We set out to create a standardized, multiple choice testing model to measure the effectiveness of training in Emergency Neurological Life Support (ENLS). With its validation, we propose a uniform and reproducible analysis tool for the successful completion of training similar to those used in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS). Background: Validated testing models have long been the standard for measuring assessment in a multitude of specialty training courses such as ACLS and ATLS. Successful completion of these courses is dependent on passing a standardized test. At present, each module within the ENLS course is followed by a topic specific test, yet there is no uniform model available to test successful completion in its entirety. Our proposal aims to address this void and provide a statistically relevant means for global skill assessment. Design/Methods: Using the standard psychometric testing method, we created a 29 question multiple-choice test reflective of the ENLS course in its entirety. Questions were formatted in content based upon the 14 independent modules currently taught. A standardized protocol for administering the questionnaire was used. Tests were distributed in paper form or via Qualtrics software to 29 respondents among participating subspecialties. Results: After standard tests of normality were conducted, the newly created ENLS tool was psychometrically tested. The tool was psychometrically sound with a Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.61. Early exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is promising with initial results showing 10 factors. Additional responses are being collected to further validate this measure. Conclusions: This newly developed testing model is a valid and reliable tool for knowledge assessment in the ENLS course. Overall, this analysis confirms the validity of our testing model for standardized use in ENLS training and enhances the legitimacy of individual certification. Disclosure: Dr. Robinson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Youn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Babi has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with UCB Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Maciel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baron-Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ochoa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Busl has nothing to disclose.
Cholinergic and dopaminergic PET imaging of gait in Parkinson disease

609 Objectives To investigate the relationship between gait, striatal binding of [11C]-dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ), and thalamic and cerebellar [11C]-methyl-4-piperidinyl propionate (PMP) activity in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. Methods Mild to moderate PD patients (N =28; 0 F; 69.1 ± 7.6 yrs; H & Y 1-3) underwent [11C]DTBZ and [11C]PMP PET brain imaging and gait assessment. Temporal gait parameters (Gait Speed, Cadence, Step Time, Stance Time, and Swing Time) were acquired with a pressure-sensitive foot sensor system (Biopac). DTBZ PET data were analyzed using bolus-infusion equilibrium kinetic modeling with the global neocortex as reference region. PMP uptake ratio was calculated as late versus early radiotracer retention. Temporal gait parameters, striatal DTBZ distribution volume (DV), and cerebellar and thalamic PMP uptake ratio were statistically correlated (Spearman). Results Decreased cerebellar PMP uptake ratio was associated with decreased cadence (ρ=0.440, p=0.022) and increased step time (ρ=-0.501, p=0.008) and swing time (ρ=-0.525, p=0.005). Decreased thalamic PMP uptake ratio was associated with increased step time (ρ=-0.402, p=0.038) and borderline significant with decreased cadence (ρ=0.362, p=0.097). There were no significant correlations between any of the temporal gait parameters and DTBZ-DV. Conclusions Unlike dopaminergic denervation of the striatum, cholinergic denervation of the cerebellum and the thalamus correlates with temporal aspects of gait in PD patients. PD patients take fewer steps per minute and step time and leg swing time increases. These temporal effects are especially correlated with cerebellar cholinergic denervation. The cerebellum is an important center for timing and mobility control. The thalamus receives cholinergic projections from the pedunculopontine nucleus, an important locomotor center in the brain stem. Cholinergic denervation of the cerebellum and thalamus, rather than striatal dopaminergic denervation, appears to affect these aspects of gait in PD. Research Support Department of Veterans Affair
Can Principles Survive in Situations of Critical Care

Law’s doctrine of informed consent, now twenty-six years old, has as yet not significantly improved the quality of physician-patient decision making. The doctrine, however, has engendered an unsettling and unsettled debate about the respective rights of physicians and patients to make choices for and with one another. That informed consent’s fate would for a long time remain uncertain was foreshadowed in Natanson v. Kline, the first opinion to construe in some depth this novel common law doctrine. Justice Schroeder, 64 after boldly asserting that patients’ rights to self-decision were to be found in Anglo-American law’s “premise of thorough-going self-determination that [considered each man] to be master of his own body” [12], departed all too quickly from this premise by allowing physicians to retain considerable, if not sweeping, authority over patients’ medical lives.
The Legacy of the Prompt Complaint Requirement, Corroboration Requirement, and Cautionary Instructions on Campus Sexual Assault

This Article begins with a discussion of the prompt complaint requirement, corroboration requirement, and cautionary instructions in the criminal law of rape. These doctrines have greatly weakened in the formal criminal law of the fifty states and the District of Columbia because studies reveal that most victims of rape do not promptly complain to the police or other authorities, most rapes do not produce corroborating evidence, and most jurors are already cautioned by an underlying societal bias against those who claim rape. The Article then identifies the emergence of prompt complaint, corroboration, and caution in campus sexual assault policies and practices. It analyzes the current policy at Harvard College, surveys other colleges' and universities' formal policies and informal practices, and explains why campuses would adopt discredited rules from the criminal law in their own disciplinary procedures. The Article then proposes a method to free disciplinary proceedings from the legacy of the prompt complaint requirement, corroboration requirement, and cautionary instructions and proposes model campus sexual assault provisions to effectuate this goal.
Conditioning Geostatistical Operations to Nonlinear Volume Averages

The all-important process of data integration calls for algorithms that can handle secondary data often defined as nonlinear averages of the primary (hard) data over specific areas or volumes. It is suggested to approximate these nonlinear averages by linear averages of a nonlinear transform of the primary variable. Kriging of such nonlinear transforms, followed by the inverse transform, allows exact reproduction of all original data, both of point support and nonlinear volume averages. In a simulation mode, the previous cokriging provides the mean and variance of a conditional distribution from which to draw a simulated value, which is then backtransformed into a simulated value of the primary variable. The nonlinear averaged data values are then reproduced exactly. The direct sequential simulation algorithm adopted does not call for using any Gaussian distribution.
Disorders of ECF Volume: Nephrotic Syndrome

Unlike patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and cirrhosis, patients with nephrotic syndrome have some underlying renal disease. Also, effective circulating volume (ECV) is not decreased in all patients with nephrotic syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by proteinuria in excess of 3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema, and lipiduria. The mechanism for salt and water retention is not clear. The traditional (“underfill”) theory implies that loss of protein in the urine causes hypoalbuminemia and decreased plasma oncotic pressure. These factors favor fluid movement into the interstitium, resulting in intravascular hypovolemia and activation of salt-retaining mechanisms (Fig. 9.1). Two lines of evidence, however, argue against this traditional theory. First, not all patients with congenital deficiency of albumin (analbuminemia) develop edema. Second, some patients with nephrotic syndrome have either normal or increased intravascular volume despite hypoalbuminemia. This evidence suggests that mechanisms other than hypoalbuminemia and decreased intravascular volume play a role in renal retention of Na+ in nephrotic syndrome.