cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consideration on technical parameters in biding documents of medical devices

Objective: To explore the importance of compilation of technical parameters during the course of governmental procurement of medical equipments and apparatus completely to find legal and reasonable ways to compile technical parameters in biding documents to avoid the occurrence of illegal acts in the governmental procurement. Methods: According to the related administrative guiding and requirements on governmental procurement and existing problems in the domestic governmental procurement of medical equipments and apparatus, we analyzed the strength and weakness of compilation of technical parameters in biding documents. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop the appropriate responses and suggestions to compile the legal and reasonable biding documents to deal with the common problems in practice and regulate the governmental procurement.
A note on the prediction of flying boat take-off

It is useful to have available simple prediction formulae for preliminary design work. In the case of landplane take-off such formulae exist, being expressed only in terms of a few major parameters. The flying boat situation is more complex due to the much greater and more variable total drag. By making appropriate assumptions an equivalent formula for flying boat take-off has been derived. Comparison of typical cases of the landplane and flying boat shows that whereas the take-off distance of the former is approximately inversely proportional to thrust/weight ratio to the power of 1·35, in the case of a flying boat it is inversely proportional to the square of thrust/weight ratio.
Wounded healers: How formerly incarcerated women help themselves by helping others

This mixed methods study explores the role that being a helper/wounded healer has for formerly incarcerated women. Regression analyses examining the influence of a helper/wounded healer orientation...
Genetische Grundlagen der sozialen Evolution

Seit der Entstehung des Lebens haben sich zahlreiche Arten, von Bakterien bis hin zum Menschen, an eine gesellige Lebensweise angepasst. In den zahllosen Abstammungslinien des Tierreichs hat sich nur bei sehr wenigen Spezies eine Aufteilung der Gesellschaften in spezialisierte Kasten sich fortpflanzender und steriler Individuen entwickelt, die gemeinsam einen Superorganismus bilden. Vieles von dem, was man uber diese zweite Weiterentwicklung weis, stammt von den uber 16 000 bekannten hochgradig sozialen Arten von Insekten und anderen Gliederfusern (Arthropoden).
Therapeutic effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in neuronal injury

Publisher Summary Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) from L-arginine, and it simply diffuses from nerve terminals. NOS neurones are widely distributed in the nervous system, where they constitute 1–2% of neurones in most structures: They colocalize with neurones identifiable with the histochemical stain NADPH-diaphorase. Following a brief exposure of cultured cortical neurones to N-methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA), inhibitors of NOS, calmodulin antagonists, flavoprotein inhibitors, and reduced hemoglobin, which scavenges NO, markedly attenuate neurotoxicity. NOS inhibitors also block glutamate neurotoxicity in cultured striatal and hippocampal neurones. The neuroprotective effects of 7-NI against striatal lesions produced by excitotoxins in vivo. 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) significantly attenutate lesions produced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), but it has no effect on lesions produced by either kainate or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionate. A role of inducible NOS has been implicated in other neurological diseases, which may involve activation of the immune system, such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and microglia surrounding amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease.
Kinetics of binding of cholecystokinin to pancreatic acini

In the present study we examined the kinetics of binding of iodinated COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (125I-CCK-8) to its receptors on dispersed acini prepared from guinea pig pancreas. At 37 degrees C, binding of 125I-CCK-8 reached a steady state after 60 min of incubation. Dissociation of bound 125I-CCK-8 was biphasic, indicating that the labeled peptide binds in two distinct states: a rapidly dissociating state and a slowly dissociating state. Binding of 125I-CCK-8 in the rapidly dissociating state was maximal within 3 min of incubation, did not depend on incubation temperature or cellular energy metabolism, could be stripped by 0.5 M potassium thiocyanate, and showed accelerated dissociation with CCK-8 or dibutyrylguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (Bt2cGMP). Binding of 125I-CCK-8 in the slowly dissociating state was maximal after 60 min of incubation, was decreased by reducing the incubation temperature or inhibiting cellular energy metabolism, was not stripped by 0.5 M potassium thiocyanate, and did not show accelerated dissociation with CCK-8 or Bt2cGMP. Increasing the concentration of 125I-CCK-8 increased the fraction of radioactivity bound in the rapidly dissociating state. When binding of 125I-CCK-8 reached a steady state, nearly all of the bound radioactivity was in the slowly dissociating state. Computer analysis of the inhibition of 125I-CCK-8 by CCK-8 under experimental conditions where the rapidly dissociating state predominates demonstrated a complete loss of high-affinity binding sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Solving the “Magic Angle” Challenge in Determining Molecular Orientation Heterogeneity at Interfaces

It is critical to determine conformations of molecular monolayers in order to understand and control their functions and properties, such as efficiencies of self-assembly-based biosensors and turnover frequency of surface-bound electrocatalysts. However, surface molecules of the monolayers can adopt conformations with many different orientations. Thus, it is necessary to describe the orientations of surface molecular monolayers using both mean tilt angle and orientational distribution, which together we refer to as orientation heterogeneity. Orientation heterogeneity is difficult to measure. In most cases, in order to calculate the mean tilt angle, it is assumed that the orientational distribution is narrow. This assumption causes ambiguities in determining the mean tilt angle and loss of orientational distribution information, which is known as the “magic angle” challenge. Using heterodyne two-dimensional vibrational sum frequency generation (HD 2D VSFG) spectroscopy, we report a novel method to solve th...
Wheatley’s on Being Brought from Africa to America

(1981). Wheatley’s on Being Brought from Africa to America. The Explicator: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 25-26.
Type IIIb Endoleak Associated With an Infected Thoracoabdominal Endograft.

We present a 63-year-old male patient who presented with vague abdominal pain after an endoluminal thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. He was found to have an infected endograft and an associated typ...
Chapter 3 - Cellular tomography

Traditionally, cellular specimens and tissues have been prepared for electron microscopy by chemical fixation or rapid freezing followed by freeze substitution and plastic embedding. Once embedded in a solid polymer, sections are obtained by room-temperature microtomy. More recently, two developments added a new twist to cellular electron microscopy: first, the rediscovery of tomographic 3-D reconstruction methods, which do not depend on any type of averaging procedures and hence are well suited for large irregular structures such as cellular organelles and large-macromolecular assemblies. Second, new advances made for the preparation of sectioned vitrified cellular specimens enable imaging them not only after plastic embedding but also directly in their vitrified state, recorded under strict cryo- and low-dose conditions. Today, tomography strongly benefits from an ever-evolving computer environment that now allows handling very large datasets with reasonable speed. Cellular tomography can be divided into four different classes: (A) tomography on thick (~ 300 nm) sections prepared from plastic embedded chemically fixed or freeze-substituted cells and tissues. (B) Large-scale tomographic 3-D data of entire cells obtained by serial sectioning of plastic embedded chemically fixed or freeze-substituted specimens obtained by computationally merging tomographic data from many consecutive sections within the grid plane and also in Z-direction. (C) Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) techniques now allow recording tomograms of intact vitrified small cells (e.g., bacteria) without substitution or sectioning. (D) Cryo-EM and cryo-tomography are increasingly applied to thin vitrified (<100 nm) obtained under strict cryo-conditions, including the during data recording in the microscope. Without extending to molecular tomography, which is described elsewhere in this book, this chapter leads the reader through cellular tomography by following the specifications outlined above.
Tracking of water movement dynamics inside plants using leaf surface humidity sensors

This paper reports on a simple method to track water transport inside the plant by using multiple graphene oxide (GO) based relative humidity sensors. The sensor was formed on an adhesive polyimide film by selectively coating a GO layer on top of gold interdigitated electrodes and subsequently peeling the whole device structure off from a pre-coated polydimethylsiloxane temporary layer. To allow easy installation of the sensor at the leaf of plant, a simple assembly fixture was designed. The present measurement method provides information on how water moves within the plant that is associated with water use efficiency, an important selection trait to evaluate crop quality. In addition, the device can be adhered to other target surfaces due to its flexible and adhesive features.
The psychological characteristics of experiences that influence science motivation and content knowledge

ABSTRACTWhile motivational changes towards science are common during adolescence, our work asks which perceived classroom experiences are most strongly related to these changes. Additionally, we examine which experiences are most strongly associated with learning classroom content. In particular, using self-reports from a sample of approximately 3000 middle school students, this study investigates the influence of perceived science classroom experiences, namely student engagement and perceived success, on motivational change (fascination, values, competency belief) and content knowledge. Controlling for demographic information, school effects, and initial levels of motivation and content knowledge, we find that dimensions of engagement (affect, behavioural/cognitive) and perceived success are differentially associated with changes in particular motivational constructs and learning. Affective engagement is positively associated with motivational outcomes and negatively associated with learning outcomes, be...
Fifty Years of Progress in Drug Metabolism and Toxicology: What Do We Still Need to Know About Cytochrome P450 Enzymes?

The 50 years following the discovery of the cytochrome P450 system have been years of remarkable progress in the basic science and in its application to important problems, particularly in medicine. This chapter reviews what has been done, at both basic and applied levels. My own views on the still unresolved basic issues are presented, along with some thoughts about opportunities for future development in practical applications.
Simultaneous In-Film Polymer Synthesis and Self-Assembly for Hierarchical Nanopatterns

A key requirement for practical applications of nanostructured block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is the ability to generate complex geometries including different shapes and diverse sizes across one substrate surface. This has been difficult because spatial control over the underlying chemistry of the BCP has been limited. Here, we demonstrate a photocontrolled in-film polymerization process in the presence of monomer vapor for synthesizing homopolymers in self-assembled BCP films. The homopolymers blend with BCPs and alter the nanopatterns by changing the underlying polymer chemistry and composition. We apply this technique to a variety of BCPs including polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene, polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate), and polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine). The region of in-film polymerization can be modulated by the location of irradiation using photomasks for obtaining distinct morphologies on one substrate, providing a new platform for hierarchically manipulating nanopatterns with...
Technological facilitation for decision-making in education

An alternative form of meeting environment known as Electronic Meeting Systems (EMS) is now possible through the application of information technology that attempts to make meetings more productive. Group involvement in decision making is consistent with current trends toward site-based management and total quality management. The movement toward collaborative decision making and group consensus building requires facilitation. Through the use of this technology, administrators have the opportunity and the support for issue identification and prioritization procedures, which facilitates achievement of group consensus.
Wetland Bathymetry and Mapping

Bathymetry is the measurement of underwater topography. In wetlands, development of bathymetric maps can have many applications, including determining water storage capacity and hydroperiod (depth and timing of flooding) of a wetland, assisting with wetland design and restoration and land use planning, and facilitating legal boundary determination. This chapter provides practical steps for mapping and modeling wadeable wetland bathymetry. By characterizing the bathymetry of wetlands, investigators can better understand key hydrologic, geomorphologic, and ecological processes of wetlands. Using standard survey equipment, investigators can plan and implement a relatively simple survey of wetlands. These data can be used to model and quantitatively analyze the surface area, volume, and bottom topography (bathymetry) of wetlands using standard geographic information system software.
Temperature Effects in Semiconductors

The changes in temperature described in the previous chapter affect the speed, power, and reliability of our systems. Throughout this book, we will examine all three of these metrics, though the majority of our discussion will be on how temperature affects the speed performance. In this chapter, we discuss the problem of temperature variation at the device and circuit level. In Sect. 2.1, we provide a background on the material dependences on temperature. In Sect. 2.2, the normal and reverse temperature dependence regimes are described. In Sect. 2.3, we explore how these dependences change with technology scaling and the introduction of new processing materials, such as high-κ dielectrics and metal gates.
Audit Evidence and Documentation

Audit evidence refers to Information used by the auditor in arriving at the conclusions on which the auditor’s opinion is based. Audit evidence includes both information contained in the accounting records underlying the financial statements and other information. Audit evidence to draw reasonable conclusions on which to base the auditor’s opinion is obtained by performing specific procedures.
Variation in habitat management alters risk aversion behavior in lizards

Habitat management can generate variation in a cascade of organismal traits linked to the environment, particularly in small, endemic species such as the Florida scrub lizard (Sceloporus woodi). For example, reduction of arboreal perches through clear-cutting in managed Florida scrub may alter lizard behavior, and predation risk, which in turn, may alter lizard abundance. We ask whether risk aversion behavior is habitat-specific, and potentially reflects predation intensity. Four predator avoidance traits were quantified in S. woodi from longleaf pine and Florida scrub habitats. We also asked if habitat type was linked to phenotypic traits (e.g., body size, hind limb length) that might alter risk aversion behaviors. Lizards in longleaf pine had greater detection distance and flight distance and were farther from refuges, indicating higher risk aversion compared to populations in Florida scrub. Given this, males may be more sensitive to predation than females, especially during the breeding season. Males were encountered more often than females in both habitats, and detected from a greater distance in longleaf, but not Florida scrub. Population density may affect lizard behavior, yet we found no difference in population density between the habitats for stands sampled, nor any relationship of population density to risk aversion behaviors. These results demonstrate that management activities, which alter vegetation and substrate characteristics, also alter aspects of lizard behavior that subsequently may influence predation pressure among sub-populations. Human activity has fundamentally changed most habitats on Earth such that management is now required for conservation of native species and preservation of resources. We hypothesized that differential management between longleaf pine and Florida scrub habitats might alter risk aversion behavior. Our results show that lizards use different refuges between habitat types, and that lizards are more weary in the more open habitat (longleaf pine). Frequent prescribed fire in longleaf pine maintains a suitable thermal microclimate and access to key refuges (mature trees), whereas clear-cutting of Florida scrub yields more shrubs, no vertical perches, and higher temperatures. Thus, habitat management fundamentally alters predator avoidance behavior, which in turn is linked to predation intensity and the probability of population persistence. This study highlights the challenge of designing management plans that are beneficial to all constituent species.
Familial inheritance of the 3q29 microdeletion syndrome: case report and review

The chromosome 3q29 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by a clinical phenotype that includes behavioral features consistent with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mild to moderate developmental delay, language-based learning disabilities, and/or dysmorphic features. In addition, recent data suggest that adults with chromosome 3q29 microdeletions have a significantly increased risk for psychosis and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. We report a 3-year-old male with global developmental delay, anemia, and mild dysmorphic facial features. Clinical chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing of the proband detected a heterozygous 1.21 Mb deletion at chromosome 3q29, consistent with a diagnosis of the 3q29 microdeletion syndrome. Interestingly, subsequent parental testing determined that the pathogenic deletion was inherited from his otherwise healthy mother who had a history of learning disabilities. The chromosome 3q29 microdeletion was not detected in the healthy older sibling of the proband by CMA testing, nor was it prenatally detected in a subsequent maternal pregnancy. Our report highlights the 3q29 microdeletion syndrome as an illustrative example of the importance of a molecular diagnosis for families that harbor pathogenic copy number aberrations with variable expressivity, in particular those that also impart an increased risk for adult onset neuropsychiatric phenotypes.
Effects of isolates of Clarireedia jacksonii and Clarireedia monteithiana on severity of dollar spot in turfgrasses by host type

Dollar spot, caused by four Clarireedia species (formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), is a devastating disease that affects many turfgrass species throughout North America. Proper classification and genetic diversity of Clarireedia spp. was debated for the past several decades until recently when the organism was reclassified in 2018. Previous studies have shown that there is little genetic diversity except for isolates obtained from warm season hosts in Florida and the southern United States. Our research confirms the presence of isolates obtained from cool-season (C3) turfgrass species which are consistent with the recently classified species Clarireedia jacksonii; and a second, distinct sub-group of isolates obtained solely from warm-season (C4) turfgrass species, which are consistent with the recently classified species Clarireedia monteithiana. Additionally, we have documented the coexistence of these two species throughout the transition zone of the United States, extending as far north as Virginia, with both species present among adjacent stands of C3 and C4 turfgrass species in the same locale. Despite previous documentation of genetically distinct isolates occurring in the United States, there have been no reports on the variability in growth of the two named species over a range of temperatures, nor have these species been evaluated for their ability to infect both C3 and C4 turfgrass species. The effects of temperature on the lack of in vitro isolate growth for both C. jacksonii and C. monteithiana isolates were most noticeable at 10 and 35 °C, where all isolates exhibited little to no growth after 60 h. Cross inoculation experiments showed that both species are capable of infecting and inciting disease on both the preferred and alternative host, and that C. jacksonii isolates are more virulent on both C3 and C4 host grasses than C. monteithiana isolates. The results of this study will have implications for dollar spot management strategies on bermudagrass as well as an increased need for turfgrass breeders to develop dollar spot resistance cultivars of bermudagrass, particularly for those used in climates extending north of the transition zone.
Sustained Gazing Causes Measurable Decline in Visual Function of Patients with Dry Eye.

Purpose To assess the effects of sustained gazing on visual function of dry eye patients. Design Prospective, comparative before-and-after study. Methods A total of 176 patients with dry eye and 33 control subjects ≥50 years old were included. Dry eye symptomatology along and clinical parameters were assessed. Out-loud reading speed was measured using the International Reading Speed Test (IReST) as words per minute (wpm). Reading speed was repeated using different IReST excerpts following 30-minute silent reading. Results At baseline, there were no differences between dry eye patients and control subjects with respect to reading speed (172 vs 180 wpm, respectively; P = 0.21) or the time to read the excerpt (33 vs 30 seconds, respectively; P = 0.17). After silent reading, the dry eye patients had decreased reading speed and increases in the length of time to read the passage compared to baseline (161 vs 172 wpm, respectively; P = 0.002; and 38 vs 33 seconds, respectively; P Conclusions Sustained gazing, such as in silent reading, has a measurable negative impact on visual performance of dry eye patients. Corneal staining represents a clinical parameter relevant to visual function.
Cation−Ether Complexes in the Gas Phase: Bond Dissociation Energies of K+(dimethyl ether)x, x = 1−4; K+(1,2-dimethoxyethane)x, x = 1 and 2; and K+(12-crown-4)

Bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of K+[O(CH3)2]x, x = 1−4; K+[(CH2OCH3)2]x, x = 1 and 2; and K+[c-(C2H4O)4] are reported. The BDEs are determined experimentally by analysis of the thresholds for c...
Evaluation of soil zone processes and a novel radiocarbon correction approach for groundwater with mixed sources

Abstract Estimates of groundwater age based on 14C are often limited by the uncertainty in geochemical processes that alter the 14C concentration measured in water and the composition (δ13C and 14C) of carbon sources needed to appropriately parametrize 14C adjustment models. Estimated ages for samples that contain a mixture of young and old groundwater will be particularly sensitive to model parametrization as relatively small additions of modern 14C from recent recharge can mask the presence and amount of old groundwater. A novel multi-model approach based on inverse geochemical modeling and lumped parameter modeling of age tracers (3H, 3Hetrit, and SF6) was used to better constrain 14C dilution caused by dissolution of carbonates in the unsaturated zone or shallow parts of the Glacial aquifer, which extends over 2000 miles across the northern contiguous United States. Calibration of 14C inverse geochemical models to LPM computed 14C concentrations in modern water indicated that 14C of soil zone and shallow aquifer carbonates were not 14C-dead (0 pmC), as is typically assumed for 14C correction models. 14C of such carbonates was on average about 53 pmC (ranged 0–110 pmC, n = 72). This information was used to correct 14C concentrations for water recharged entirely before 1950 and water that is a mixture of pre- and post-1950 water. The multi-model approach developed here was compared to an analytical 14C-adjustment model (Revised Fontes and Garnier) that assumed solid carbonates were 14C-dead. 14C corrections using the analytical adjustment model tended to over-correct final 14C concentrations by 21 pmC and underestimates mean ages by 40% for groundwater mixtures. In fact, 14C corrections based on analytical model yielded negative ages (14C > 120 pmC) in nearly 36% of mixed samples. This work presents a new approach to constraining 14C corrections and age estimates of mixtures of young and old groundwater. The new method is applied to three well networks distributed across the spatially expansive Glacial aquifer.
Mixed ligand complexes of silver(I) supported by highly fluorinated pyrazolates, and chelating and bridging N-heterocycles

The chemistry of trinuclear silver(I) pyrazolates with aromatic, bidentate N-heterocycles, 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, 4,7-phenanthroline, benzo[c]cinnoline, and 4-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine are presented. Results presented here show the effects of the donor nitrogen lone-pair orientations of the N-heterocycles on the product structures. The chelating ligand, 1,10-phenanthroline with {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3, {[4-Cl-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3 and {[4-Br-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3 produced tetranuclear species, that exhibited blue luminescence under UV light. 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine and 4,7-phenanthroline that have nitrogen lone pairs in a non-chelating arrangement produced polymeric, mixed ligand silver pyrazolate complexes when treated with {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3. The reaction of {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3 with benzo[c]cinnoline did not lead to the breakup of the precursor Ag3N6 core, but resulted in a trinuclear silver complex with two- and three-coordinate silver centers. The reaction between 4-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine and {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3 generated a coordination polymer featuring saddle-shaped {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}4 units. Most of these complexes show intermolecular π-stacking and argentophilic contacts. The fluorinated pyrazolate serves as a bridging ligand in all the silver complexes.
When is a scaled contraction hypercyclic

Hypercyclic operators are operators with dense orbits. A contraction cannot be hypercyclic since its orbits are bounded sets. Nevertheless, by multiplying a contraction with a scalar of absolute value larger than 1, the resulting scaled contraction can occasionally be a hypercyclic operator. In this paper, we investigate which Hilbert space contractions have that property and which don’t. We introduce the set $$\Lambda (T)$$ of all scalars which produce a hypercyclic operator, by scaling the operator T, and determine $$\Lambda (T)$$ in various cases. New properties of hyperciclic operators are discovered in this process. For instance, it is proved that any connected component of the essential spectrum of a hypercyclic operator must meet the unit circle.
Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variation on Gene Regulation in Cancer in the Context of 3D Genome Structure

Numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted to date revealed genetic variants associated with various diseases, including breast and prostate cancers. Despite the availability of these large-scale data, relatively few variants have been functionally characterized, mainly because the majority of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) map to the non-coding regions of the human genome. The functional characterization of these non-coding variants and the identification of their target genes remain challenging. In this communication, we explore the potential functional mechanisms of non-coding SNPs by integrating GWAS with the high-resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data for breast and prostate cancers. We show that more genetic variants map to regulatory elements through the 3D genome structure than the 1D linear genome lacking physical chromatin interactions. Importantly, the association of enhancers, transcription factors, and their target genes with breast and prostate cancers tends to be higher when these regulatory elements are mapped to high-risk SNPs through spatial interactions compared to simply using a linear proximity. Finally, we demonstrate that topologically associating domains (TADs) carrying high-risk SNPs also contain gene regulatory elements whose association with cancer is generally higher than those belonging to control TADs containing no high-risk variants. Our results suggest that many SNPs may contribute to the cancer development by affecting the expression of certain tumor-related genes through long-range chromatin interactions with gene regulatory elements. Integrating large-scale genetic datasets with the 3D genome structure offers an attractive and unique approach to systematically investigate the functional mechanisms of genetic variants in disease risk and progression.
Ventilation Rates in Fulgur Whelks

Direct measurements of ventilation rates in the marine gastropods Busycon carica, Busycotypus canaliculatus, Sinistrofulgur sinistrum, and Melongena corona were made. Ventilation in B. carica ranged between 3 and 186 mL min–1; the rate in B. canaliculatus was 12–174 mL min–1, and 0.6–42 mL min–1 in S. sinistrum. There was no consistent relationship between the size of the animals and the ventilation rate. Ventilation rates for any individual were variable, and rates varied among individuals. The rates reported here are relatively low in comparison with those of cephalopods and bivalves, but not surprising as in nearly all gastropods, ventilation is tied only to gas exchange. In cephalopods, ventilation is also involved in locomotion, and in bivalves, a primary role of ventilation is feeding.
‘Un método’ para proceder: Ángel González y la poesía de Ángeles Mora

The study analyzes the catalytic impact of the poetry of Angel Gonzalez (Oviedo, 1925-2008) on the oeuvre of Angeles Mora (Rute, Cordoba, 1952). A declaration by Mora, a shared preference for certain poetic devices, and a poem in honor of Gonzalez confirm his influence. The study emphasizes that although the poet of the Generation of the 1950s stimulated the early creativity of Mora, she succeeded in transforming that inspiration into an original voice of female subjectivity.
Particulate Metabolites and Transcripts Reflect Diel Oscillations of Microbial Activity in the Surface Ocean.

ABSTRACT Light fuels photosynthesis and organic matter production by primary producers in the sunlit ocean. The quantity and quality of the organic matter produced influence community function, yet in situ measurements of metabolites, the products of cellular metabolism, over the diel cycle are lacking. We evaluated community-level biochemical consequences of oscillations of light in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre by quantifying 79 metabolites in particulate organic matter from 15 m every 4 h over 8 days. Total particulate metabolite concentration peaked at dusk and represented up to 2% of total particulate organic carbon (POC). The concentrations of 55/79 (70%) individual metabolites exhibited significant 24-h periodicity, with daily fold changes from 1.6 to 12.8, often greater than those of POC and flow cytometry-resolvable biomass, which ranged from 1.2 to 2.8. Paired metatranscriptome analysis revealed the taxa involved in production and consumption of a subset of metabolites. Primary metabolites involved in anabolism and redox maintenance had significant 24-h periodicity and diverse organisms exhibited diel periodicity in transcript abundance associated with these metabolites. Compounds with osmotic properties displayed the largest oscillations in concentration, implying rapid turnover and supporting prior evidence of functions beyond cell turgor maintenance. The large daily oscillation of trehalose paired with metatranscriptome and culture data showed that trehalose is produced by the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera, likely to store energy for nighttime metabolism. Together, paired measurements of particulate metabolites and transcripts resolve strategies that microbes use to manage daily energy and redox oscillations and highlight dynamic metabolites with cryptic roles in marine microbial ecosystems. IMPORTANCE Fueled by light, phytoplankton produce the organic matter that supports ocean ecosystems and carbon sequestration. Ocean change impacts microbial metabolism with repercussions for biogeochemical cycling. As the small molecule products of cellular metabolism, metabolites often change rapidly in response to environmental conditions and form the basis of energy and nutrient management and storage within cells. By pairing measurements of metabolites and gene expression in the stratified surface ocean, we reveal strategies of microbial energy management over the day-night cycle and hypothesize that oscillating metabolites are important substrates for dark respiration by phytoplankton. These high-resolution diel measurements of in situ metabolite concentrations form the basis for future work into the specific roles these compounds play in marine microbial communities.
Interhospital transfer for patients with COVID-19 admitted to an urban academic medical center in Chicago, IL

RATIONALE: Many hospitals were unable to accommodate the rapid surge of critically ill patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the spring of 2020. As a result, some patients were transferred to tertiary referral centers with increased surge capacity and an ability to provide a higher level of care for patients in respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. In general, interhospital transfers have higher disease severity, longer length of stay, and higher mortality. Our study investigated whether patients with COVID-19 who were transferred to a tertiary referral center had higher severity of illness and poorer health outcomes compared to patients who were directly admitted. METHODS: This was a single center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients with COVID-19 who received mechanical ventilation. Demographic and clinical variables were extracted from the electronic medical record for patients admitted and discharged between March 17, 2020 and September 30, 2020. Patients were classified as either directly admitted or admitted via interhospital transfer. Inverse probability weighted regression models were constructed to test the association between transfer status and outcomes, including in-hospital death versus survival to hospital discharge, and number of days from intubation to discharge, adjusting for patient demographic characteristics and severity of illness. RESULTS: Of 1,785 patients admitted to Rush University Medical Center with COIVD-19, 174 (10%) were transferred from another hospital and 1,611 were directly admitted through the emergency department. A total of 119 transfer patients and 183 direct admits required mechanical ventilation. Transfer patients differed from direct admits in being more likely to have English as a preferred language (71% vs 56%,), younger age (median 57 vs 60 years), higher BMI (median, 34 vs 31), and more likely to have received ECMO (12% vs 3%), p<0.01 for each. Overall,150 (42%) transferred patients and 78 (43%) directly admitted patients died prior to discharge, and there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality after adjusting for patient sociodemographic factors and presentation severity. Additionally, there were no significant difference found between days from intubation to discharge between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although transferred patients may have been sicker on arrival when compared to directly admitted patients, there were no differences in in-hospital mortality or length of stay in this study. These data suggest that interhospital transfer of critically ill patients with COVID-19 can be done safely and effectively.
In memory of Watt Wetmore Webb

Webb’s work helped fundamentally reshape basic research and advanced manufacturing in the generation and application of photonics across disciplines, from fundamental and applied physics to the biosciences.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Standard versus Expanded Cultures to Diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Women

Purpose:We compared urinary tract infection (UTI) symptom resolution rates at 7–10 days in symptomatic women randomized to treatment based on standard urine culture (SUC) versus expanded quantitati...
Competitive sorption of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from stormwater runoff by five low-cost sorbents; Effects of co-contaminants, humic acid, salinity and pH.

Abstract For a comprehensive estimation of metals removal by sorbents in stormwater systems, it is essential to evaluate the impacts of co-contaminants. However, most studies consider only metals (single or multiple), which may overestimate performance. This study employed a batch method to investigate the performance of five low-cost sorbents – coconut coir fiber (CCF), blast furnace slag (BFS), waste tire crumb rubber (WTCR), biochar (BC), and iron coated biochar (FeBC) – for simultaneous removal of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from simulated stormwater (SSW) containing other contaminants (nutrients and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). BFS and CCF demonstrated the highest sorption capacity of all metals (> 95% removal) in all systems (single and multi-contaminant). However, the presence of other contaminants in solution reduced metals removal for other sorbents, as follows (highest to lowest removal): single-metal > multi-metal > multi-contaminant solutions, and removal efficiency ranking among metals was generally Cr~Cu~Pb > Ni > Cd > Zn. Humic acid (HA) negatively affected the metal sorption, likely due to the formation of soluble HA-metal complexes; NaCl concentration did not impact removal, but alkaline pH improved removal. These findings indicate that sorbents need to be tested under realistic stormwater solution chemistry including co-contaminants to appropriately characterize performance prior to implementation.
Revenue Efficiency Variance: A Holistic Approach to Revenue Variance Analysis

In this paper we suggest a holistic approach to the sales revenue variance that adds to traditional models by taking into account output efficiencies due to marketing strategies or returns. Traditional analysis of the sales revenue variance isolates the sales price and volume variances. The traditional model assumes the number of units sold equals the number of units that go into the market place, a sales efficiency of one (1). However, organizations do not always sell every unit of output. For example, defective items are returned or items are given away due to promotions or charity. The traditional variance model ignores any efficiency variance in the number of units sold as a percent of total units introduced into the market place, or output. The holistic approach to the sales revenue variance suggested in this paper isolates the efficiency variance in addition to the price and volume variance from the traditional models.
Far-infrared transmission study of single-crystal Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox superconductors.

We report the infrared transmission of free-standing single crystals of the high-temperature superconductor Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1}Cu{sub 2}O{sub {ital x}}, at temperatures between 25 and 300 K and at frequencies covering the range of 1.5{ital k}{sub {ital B}T{ital c}}{l angle}{h bar}{omega}{lt}12{ital k}{sub {ital B}T{ital c}}. The normal-state Drude relaxation rate follows a linear temperature dependence {h bar}/{tau}=3{ital k}{sub {ital B}T}. In the superconducting state there is no indication of a transmission peak, which characterizes a superconducting gap in the optical conductivity. We suggest that a strong pair-breaking interaction is responsible for this null result.
Clinical Correlates of 24‐H Cortisol and Norepinephrine Excretion Among Subjects Seeking Treatment Following the World Trade Center Attacks on 9/11

UNLABELLED Whereas trauma-associated arousal has been linked fairly consistently with elevations in both glucocorticoids and catecholamines, neuroendocrine correlates of hyperarousal in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been more variable. Further, neuroendocrine predictors of the development of PTSD following trauma have been related to prior exposure, and data from several laboratories suggests that hyperarousal may develop in a neuroendocrine milieu of relatively diminished basal glucocorticoid secretion. METHODS In this article we examined 24-h cortisol and norepinephrine excretion in 42 treatment-seeking survivors of the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks, 32 of whom met criteria for PTSD, and 15 of whom met criteria for major depression, at the time of evaluation; 14 of the 15 subjects meeting criteria for major depression also suffered from PTSD. RESULTS PTSD subjects' 24-h cortisol excretion (46.3 +/- 20.0 microL/dL) was lower than that of the non-PTSD cohort (72.2 +/- 22.4 microL/dL; t = 3.18, df = 37, P = 0.003), and 24-h urinary cortisol was negatively correlated with the experience of the WTC attacks as a Criterion-A event (r = -0.427, P = 0.007), and with self-rated avoidance (r = -0.466, P = 0.003) and total score (r = -0.398, P = 0.012) on the PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS). In contrast, 24-h norepinephrine excretion was not associated with the development of PTSD or with PTSD-related symptoms, but was negatively correlated with days since 9/11 at the time of evaluation (r = -0.393, P = 0.015). DISCUSSION The latter finding suggests a relationship of norepinephrine to a dimension of stress-related arousal not captured by the symptom-rating scales chosen for this study to reflect symptoms related to PTSD and other neuropsychiatric disorders, but instead, of one to that of the sudden multidimensional life disruption suffered by the WTC survivors that applied for treatment. These data also confirm, in a naturalistic sample, the previously observed negative association of urinary cortisol excretion with development of PTSD in the aftermath of severe trauma exposure.
Additive Genetic Model with Groups and Relationships

Abstract From simple genetic assumptions, matrix expressions are derived for the first and second moments of a random vector of breeding values. Emphasis is on structure in these matrix representations that can be exploited computationally in a mixed model analysis. Also derived are mixed model equations corresponding to a model in which the random vector has nonnull mean. These equations are particularly advantageous for fitting a particular kind of animal model with groups and relationships.
Selective Deamination of Nucleosides by 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine

NUCLEOPHILIC substitution by semicarbazide in cytidine and its derivatives has been reported1. Such alterations of nucleic acid bases is an essential preliminary to the formation of synthetic “genetic messengers” to serve in the chemotherapy of growth abnormalities. Generally, methods for the synthesis of derivatives of nucleosides are of wide applicability to genetic problems. There is particular chemical interest in the reactions of dinitrophenyl hydrazine with nucleosides because the reagent replaces, in a specific manner, amino groups without respect to their position in a pyrimidine or purine ring.
Performance of CdTe as a Gamma Spectrometer and Detector

The gamma response of CdTe surface barrier detectors fabricated from semi-insulating material is analyzed. Small devices (10 mm3 to 15 mm3) from vapor grown crystals are capable at room temperature of resolving photopeaks at 90% charge collection efficiency for gamma emitters ranging in energy from 122 keV for 57Co to 1.33 MeV for 60Co. A resolution of 16% (FWHM) has been obtained with 137Cs (662 keV). Incomplete charge collection due to heavy trapping degrades resolution and limits the size of present devices. Larger devices (?l cm3) prepared from melt crystals, although quite efficient to gammas (80% to 60Co), cannot resolve photopeaks. Their performance for straight counting applications is limited by a temperature dependent count rate, polarization at low temperatures and thermal noise at high temperatures. Detrapping of electrons and holes is necessary to prevent polarization at low temperatures and may be useful in extending the high temperature limit.
The Use of an Online Diversity Forum to Facilitate Social Work Students' Dialogue on Sensitive Issues: A Quasi-Experimental Design

While training social work students to become culturally competent practitioners is at the forefront of multicultural higher education, courses on diversity issues present great challenges for both students and faculty. Building on previous research, this study presents an instructional approach to promote social work graduate student learning via an online diversity forum (ODF). A nonequivalent, quasi-experimental comparison design assessed whether students using an asynchronous ODF as an adjunct to in-class discussions of social work diversity issues would report higher levels of diversity values, skills, and knowledge than students in the same course without access to the ODF as part of their diversity course. Findings reveal that students' self-rated gains in course outcomes were influenced not by whether or not students used the ODF, but by how they used it. Overall, social work students' involvement in an ODF can influence to what degree students report that the course enables them to gain the knowl...
CORRELATION AND LOCALIZATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONS IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD

This paper gives a brief review of some recent experiments on the localization-delocalization transition in the integral quantum Hall effect and the new quantum liquid ground states giving rise to the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Nutritional Intake, Body Mass Index, and Activity in Postacute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Study

Purpose In the United States, traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a serious health problem contributing to lifelong disability. Little has been written about nutrition problems experienced postrehabilitation discharge. Our objective was to describe the nutrition and weight management characteristics of TBI survivors after discharge from rehabilitation and to identify characteristics of individuals at risk for weight control issues. Method/Design Twenty-six TBI survivors admitted to a freestanding rehabilitation hospital were followed for 1 year postdischarge. Data on height, weight, disability rating, diet and activity were collected at admission, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after discharge. Findings Approximately 30% of the participants showed an increasing body mass index from discharge to 1-year follow up. Two patients had more complete long-term data and are highlighted. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance The case studies provide insight into the need for rehabilitation nurses to provide nutrition education to TBI survivors that will accommodate changes in lifestyle and activity after discharge.
Mechanical distortions in advanced optical reticles

Finite element (FE) models have been created to investigate mechanical distortions associated with mask blank fabrication and mounting in a horizontal orientation. A modal analysis was completed to quantify the natural frequencies for the mask blank as a predictive tool for possible vibration prevention or control. By modeling the substrate with layers associated with the mask fabrication process and then by prestressing these layers, the resulting out-of-plane distortions (OPD) and in-plane distortions (IPD) can be determined. Utilizing these models, the magnitude of the maximum IPD and OPD due to gravity have been determined as a function of the mounting location to optimize the mounting position.