cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Feeding Plant By-Product Diets on Growth and Egg Production

Abstract Commercial strain-cross egg-type pullets were grown from 8 weeks of age to maturity on a diet containing 68% rice bran, 25% alfalfa, 5% dried molasses, and mineral, vitamin, and amino acid supplements. Similar diets in which wheat millfeeds or brewers dried grains replaced the rice bran produced satisfactory pullets but growth was slower and efficiency less than with rice bran diets. Laying diets containing up to 39.7% of rice bran supported egg production which was not significantly different from that produced with a standard corn-soy diet. A diet containing 74.7% of rice bran resulted in inferior production. A diet containing 74.7% of autoclaved rice bran resulted in egg production which was significantly better than that on the basal rice bran diet and not significantly different from that on the standard corn-soy diet.
Pheromone Unwrapping by pH Flip-Flopping

The Asian elephant utilizes the same sex pheromone as a number of moth species, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate encapsulated in a serum-derived albumin. The chemical signal is emitted in the urine and received in the mucus of the trunk. The unwrapping of the package is pH mediated.
Long-term clinical outcomes following treatment of childhood craniopharyngioma.

Purpose To review our institution's experience with treatment of craniopharyngioma in children, and to report long-term treatment outcomes stratified by treatment era to assess whether modern treatment techniques result in improvements in local control and survival. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 100 children who underwent surgery for craniopharygioma at Children's Hospital Boston (CHB) from August 1976 to March 2003. Of these, 79 children (median age 8.5 years) had initial treatment at CHB and sufficient follow-up data to be included in this analysis. We report their treatment course, recurrence rates, and treatment-related morbidity. We compared the results in two different treatment eras based on changes in surgical approach at CHB. Results Thirty-six patients underwent initial treatment with surgery alone; 63% treated prior to 1988 recurred and 36% treated after 1988 recurred. Recurrence rates following combined modality therapy (CMT) with limited surgery followed by radiation were 21 and 5% in the pre- and post-1988 eras, respectively. Accounting for treatment era, patients treated with surgery alone were 7.7 times as likely to recur as those treated with CMT (95%CI: 2.0, 28.7). In the Cox regression model, there was no significant difference in local control or overall survival based on treatment era; initial treatment remained the only statistically significant variable (P = 0.02). Conclusions Advancements in treatment techniques have improved local control in children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma. The excellent survival rates necessitate long-term patient follow-up to identify and manage any treatment-related effects, including second tumors, vascular abnormalities, and endocrinopathies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1120–1126. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Functional movements of the mandible

Abstract Starting from the closed position, a typical motion of the mandible can be summarized as follows: Both condyles begin the opening immediately downward and forward. Early in the closing stroke, the entire mandible moves laterally. The working side (lateral) condyle moves upward and rearward and reaches its terminal position at the most vertical rearward position of its path before the teeth approach each other far enough to intercuspate. This working side condyle appears to be nearly stationary in the sagittal view for the remaining part of the closing stroke, which is termed the Working Functional Movement (WFM). During the WFM, the working side condyle moves medially to its closed position, while the nonworking side condyle goes upward and laterally to its closed position. The food is usually on the same side as the working side condyle. The paths of motion of the condyles are quite similar for subjects with “normal” occlusions and malocclusions. The closed position repeatability is similar, ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 inch. This is in contrast to the paths of motion of the central incisor where differences among subjects with “normal” and malocclusion are easily detected. Of particular interest is the fact that for a higher percentage of chews, the central incisor remains motionless at closure for more subjects with “normal” occlusion than for subjects with malocclusions.
Retention Behavior of Amino Acids and Peptides on Protoporphyrin-Silica Stationary Phases with Varying Metal Ion Centers

Various metalloprotoporphyrins (MProP) covalently linked to silica supports are examined as novel immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) stationary phases for separations of amino acids/peptides. Under reversed-phase HPLC conditions, the MProP-silicas exhibit high affinity toward l-histidine via metal−nitrogen axial ligation interactions, with an increasing degree of histidine retention highly dependent on the specific metal ion (M) in the center of the protoporphyrin (ProP) structure: Fe(III) > Ni(II) > Cu(II) > Zn (II) ≈ Cd(II). Aromatic amino acids (i.e., l-tryptophan and l-phenylalanine) are also retained on MProP columns through π−π interactions with the immobilized porphyrins, with the greatest affinity for l-tryptophan observed on CuProP-silica columns. Peptides rich in l-histidine and l-tryptophan residues are selectively retained on most of the MProP-silica phases examined; however, the addition of an organic modifier and/or lowering the pH of the mobile phase can be used independe...
Perinatal exposure to methadone affects central cholinergic activity in the weanling rat

Pregnant rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps containing either methadone hydrochloride (initial dose, 9 mg/kg/day) or sterile water. Their offspring were cross-fostered so that they were exposed to methadone prenatally and/or postnatally. Perinatal methadone exposure disrupted cholinergic activity on postnatal day 21 as measured by the turnover rate of acetylcholine (TRACh) in both female and male rats, although there were some sexually-dimorphic responses. The most profoundly affected brain region was the striatum, where prenatal exposure to methadone increased ACh turnover, whether or not the rats continued to be exposed to methadone postnatally. It appears unlikely that neonatal withdrawal contributes to brain regional changes in ACh turnover, as continued postnatal exposure to methadone did not prevent the prenatal methadone induced changes.
Epac, in Synergy with cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA), Is Required for cAMP-mediated Mitogenesis

cAMP stimulates proliferation in many cell types. For many years, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) represented the only known cAMP effector. PKA, however, does not fully mimic the action of cAMP, indicating the existence of a PKA-independent component. Since cAMP-mediated activation of the G-protein Rap1 and its phosphorylation by PKA are strictly required for the effects of cAMP on mitogenesis, we hypothesized that the Rap1 activator Epac might represent the PKA-independent factor. Here we report that Epac acts synergistically with PKA in cAMP-mediated mitogenesis. We have generated a new dominant negative Epac mutant that revealed that activation of Epac is required for thyroid-stimulating hormone or cAMP stimulation of DNA synthesis. We demonstrate that Epac's action on cAMP-mediated activation of Rap1 and cAMP-mediated mitogenesis depends on the subcellular localization of Epac via its DEP domain. Disruption of the DEP-dependent subcellular targeting of Epac abolished cAMP-Epac-mediated Rap1 activation and thyroid-stimulating hormone-mediated cell proliferation, indicating that an Epac-Rap-PKA signaling unit is critical for the mitogenic action of cAMP.
Endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal submucosal lesions : a comparison between strip biopsy and aspiration lumpectomy

Abstract Background: Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal submucosal lesions is still not established. We evaluated the clinical usefulness of two resection methods for submucosal lesions, using a "nonrandomized surgeon" design. Methods: The strip biopsy method was evaluated at Tenri Hospital and the aspiration lumpectomy method was used at Kyoto University Hospital. The inclusion criteria for selecting patients were endosonographic findings indicating a tumor location within the submucosa. Results: Seventy-seven patients were treated. The size of the specimens (mean ± SEM) was 20.7 ± 0.9 mm for the aspiration lumpectomy group and 14.0 ± 0.8 mm for the strip biopsy group ( p p = 0.047). The eradication rate was 87% for the aspiration lumpectomy group, and 74% for the strip biopsy group ( p = 0.274). The complication rate resulting from these procedures (hemorrhage, mean 5%) was acceptable. Repeated endoscopic examinations revealed no recurrence except for one lymphangioma. Conclusions: Endoscopic resection, especially aspiration lumpectomy, provides a significant benefit for accurate final diagnosis and eradication of submucosal lesions. (Gastrointest Endosc 1996;44:404-10.)
Quantitative analysis of extracellular space using the method of TMA+ iontophoresis and the issue of TMA+ uptake

The tetramethylammonium (TMA+) method for measuring the volume fraction and tortuosity of brain extracellular space is presented in detail. The temporal and spatial distribution of TMA+ in the extracellular space following iontophoresis or pressure microinjection is described by suitable equations and illustrated with graphs. By fitting the equations to the concentration versus time data obtained from measurements with ion-selective micropipettes, the volume fraction and tortuosity can be measured. In addition, the concentration-dependent uptake of TMA+ can be estimated from the given equations. The final section of the paper derives simple numerical estimates of TMA+ loss from the extracellular space by this mechanism.
Population trends and variation in body mass index from 1971 to 2008 in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort.

Objective We examined body mass index (BMI) across place and time to determine the pattern of BMI mean and standard deviation trajectories.
Novel Dopant Activation of Heavily Doped p+-Si by High Current Densities.

Novel dopant activation in the heavily boron-doped ${p}^{+}$-Si was created by applying an electrical current of high current density. The ${p}^{+}$-Si was implanted by 40 keV ${\mathrm{BF}}_{2}^{+}$ of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{ions}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and annealed at 900 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for 30 min to obtain a partial boron activation. For additional activation, we gradually applied current until a current density of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ was achieved. The resistance of the ${p}^{+}$-Si responded by gradually increasing, then decreasing with a precipitous drop. The resistance was reduced by a factor of 5 to 18. Mechanisms of the novel dopant activation are proposed.
THE BROTHERS BONHOEFFER ON SCIENCE, MORALITY, AND THEOLOGY

. On one level this is a case study in science, religion, and morality, with special attention to the consequences for morality of science's embeddedness in society. On another level this is the science-and-theology dialogue between the theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer and his brother Karl-Friedrich, a physicist. The influence of Karl-Friedrich and the brothers’ exchanges on Dietrich's prison theology receives special attention. Because this study is set in Germany in the 1930s and 40s, and Karl-Friedrich's work intersected Germany's efforts to develop a nuclear weapon, the discussion leads to Los Alamos and the Manhattan Project. The attention there is to the interplay of science, religion, and morality at the time the bomb was detonated at the Trinity site.
Evaluation of microvascular prosthesis of microporous polytetrafluorethylene.

Abstract The present study assesses the patency and tissue response to a microvascular graft of expanded polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) of internal diameter 1 mm, used to bridge a surgical gap in the abdominal aorta of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats. No anticoagulants were given. The prostheses were excised at autopsy at intervals from 3 days to 3 months postsurgery. Seventy-eight percent of the prostheses remained patent, some up to 3 months. Histological evidence of a functional prosthesis was recognized in the presence of a constant adventitial capsule to the prosthesis, without evidence of obstructing luminal material. Some cellular infiltration of the wall occurred, but the neointimal cellular lining of the prosthesis was minimal, suggesting that the fibrilar length allowed the wall to be sealed without decreasing the patency rate.
Geographic specificity of Aroclor 1268 in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) frequenting the Turtle/Brunswick River Estuary, Georgia (USA)

Abstract Coastal marine resources are at risk from anthropogenic contaminants, including legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with half-lives of decades or more. To determine if polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures can be used to distinguish among local populations of inshore bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) along the southeastern U.S. coast, blubber from free-ranging and stranded animals were collected along the Georgia coast in 2004 and analyzed for PCB congeners using gas chromatography with electron capture and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection (GC-ECD and GC-NCI-MS). Mean total PCB concentrations (77 ± 34 μg/g lipid) were more than 10 fold higher and congener distributions were highly enriched in Cl 7 –Cl 10 homologs in free-ranging animals from the Turtle/Brunswick River estuary (TBRE) compared with strandings samples from Savannah area estuaries 90 km to the north. Using principal components analysis (PCA), the Aroclor 1268 signature associated with TBRE animals was distinct from that observed in Savannah area animals, and also from those in animals biopsied in other southeastern U.S estuaries. Moreover, PCB signatures in dolphin blubber closely resembled those in local preferred prey fish species, strengthening the hypothesis that inshore T. truncatus populations exhibit long-term fidelity to specific estuaries and making them excellent sentinels for assessing the impact of stressors on coastal ecosystem health.
Stress-induced alterations in microsomal drug metabolism in the adrenalectomized rat

Abstract Cold stress, phenobarbital and hydrocortisone treatment have been examined for their effects on microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in the adrenalectomized rat. Adrenalectomy alone markedly reduces the rate of metabolism of ethylmorphine, aniline and hexobarbital. The administration of hydrocortisone or the exposure of adrenalectomized animals to cold stress results in an increase in ethylmorphine and aniline metabolism, but only a further decrease in the rate of hexobarbital metabolism. Phenobarbital stimulates the metabolism of all three compounds in adrenalectomized rats. These findings indicate that both stress and phenobarbital can bring about changes in drug metabolism independent of the presence of an intact adrenal. It is further suggested that phenobarbital and stress produce their changes in enzyme activity through different mechanisms since phenobarbital treatment results only in stimulatory activity while stress causes either an increase or a decrease depending upon the drug pathway examined. The possible role of extra-adrenal steroids mediating the stress-produced enzyme induction is discussed.
MLJ News & Notes of the Profession

The article presents several sections of news related to the field of language learning as well as the journal's submission guidelines. A calendar of events for 2011 and 2012 is presented that includes several conferences, symposia, and seminars on language learning. The article announces that several scholars received awards for research related to language learning, including Joshua Fishman and Claire Kramsch. It also announces the introduction of a Master's degree in Applied Second Language Acquisition at Carnegie Mellon University, the Center for Korean Studies at Binghamton University, and the Advanced Placement (AP) Program in Italian Language and Culture by the College Board (CB).
Adrenal glands in female voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) as related to reproduction and population size.

Weights were obtained and histological examinations made of the adrenal glands and reproductive organs of 193 female Microtus pennsylvanicus trapped on the grasslands of the Letterkenny Army Ordnance Depot in south central Pennsylvania. The relationships between adrenal weight and histology and reproductive status and population size were examined. Adrenal weight increased sharply at sexual maturity but there were no further changes in adrenal weight relative to body weight with changes in reproductive status once maturity was reached. It also was concluded that the inner juxtamedullary portion of the adrenal cortex of female voles is inner-fasciculata-reticularis and not an X-zone and that the adrenal hypertrophy at maturation is probably due to increased secretion of estrogens. There was marked and significant parallelism between mean adrenal weights and population size for mature females; but less so for immature females. Changes in adrenal weight, particularly in the mature females, were attributed to changes in population size and not to reproductive status or directly to seasonal environmental changes.
Further Evidence On The Ability Of FIFO And LIFO Earnings To Predict Operating Cash Flows: An Industry Specific Analysis

The continuing convergence of U.S. GAAP with International Accounting Standards has brought into question the future use of the LIFO inventory method in the U.S. Since the Financial Accounting Standards Board (2010) has stipulated that earnings should aid investors and creditors in their quest to forecast future cash flows to the enterprise, this research examines whether FIFO earnings or LIFO earnings is preferable, for this purpose, as an aid to ex ante operating cash flow itself, over a three-year forecast horizon. We conclude that ex ante operating cash flows are quite useful in forecasting operating cash flows across industries for up to three years-ahead. We find differing results with respect to the incremental predictive content of LIFO versus FIFO earnings, depending on industry and the forecast horizon. For the Manufacturing industry and the Services industry, LIFO earnings is superior to FIFO earnings for forecasting operating cash flows across the entire three year forecast horizon. In contrast, for the Retail Trade industry and the Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate industry, FIFO earnings is preferable for all three forecasts of operating cash flows. For firms in the Transportation, Communications, Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services industry and in the Wholesale Trade industry, mixed results are observed. Insufficient LIFO data are available for evaluations of the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing industry, the Mining industry, the Construction industry, and the Public Administration industry.
ROTC and the Catholic Campus

Among the more perennially contentious issues on the campuses of many Catholic colleges and universities is the presence of the Reserve Officers'Training Corps, or ROTC. While opposition to ROTC has been by no means limited to Catholic schools, the centrality of moral and religious principles to the mission of these institutions has provided purchase for many of the arguments of ROTC critics. This article examines the major arguments put forth in support of the claim that ROTC is fundamentally inconsistent with Catholic Church teaching and, therefore, at odds with the mission of Catholic colleges and universities. The article concludes that each rests on interpretations of Catholic moral thought and teaching that are not only incomplete but also incorrect and that claims of a basic contradiction between the religious identity of Catholic institutions of higher learning and ROTC programs do not stand up well to scrutiny.
Two-Dimensional Distribution of Atomic-Oxygen Multiplet Radiation Produced by an Air-Plasma Torch

A pen-size low-temperature air-plasma torch is designed for dental applications. A narrow-band-filtered charge-coupled-device camera is used to record the 2-D distribution of the intensities of 777.4-nm emissions from the 5P state of atomic oxygen produced in the plasma effluent of the torch.
Cross product representation for numerical integration of curves with monotone characteristics

The cross product representation applied to monotone functions is used to measure quantization error. This is based on relating horizontal and vertical rectangular strips, and polar angular areas. The paper details the approach using the response of a step function in a first order, single time constant, system.
Late-emerging reading disabilities.

Literacy, language, and cognitive skills were compared for 35 4th5th graders with early-identified reading disabilities (RD), 31 with late-identified RD (first seen after 3rd grade), and 95 normally achieving students. Late-identified reading deficits were heterogeneous; some children were weak in both comprehension and word-level processing, whereas others had deficiencies in 1 component of reading but were unimpaired in the other. Although most reading skill deficits were about as severe for late- as for early-identified RD, and profiles of associated characteristics were similar, few of the former had yet been identified by their schools. Third-grade achievement, retrospectively examined, had been higher for the group with late-identified RD, suggesting that their reading difficulties were not just late identified but actually late emerging. A great deal of knowledge and understanding about children’s reading disabilities has been amassed over the past few decades. The focus of most research has been early-emerging difficulties that are identified prior to the fourth grade. As noted by Chall (1983), however, there also occurs a smaller “second wave” of students who appear to undergo a “fourth-grade slump” in reading achievement. There has been almost no investigation of the nature and severity of these less typical reading disabilities (RD) that emerge after the primary grades. In this study, we compared the reading and spelling abilities and literacy-related skills of children with early- versus late-emerging RD. In practice, during the elementary and middle school years, there is typically an increasing emphasis on reading comprehension in curricula, instruction, and assessments (Anderson, Hiebert,
A simulation comparison of time-hopping PAM and interference suppressing OFDM in multiuser ultra wideband communications systems

In this paper we present a side-by-side comparison between time-hopping (TH) impulse radios (IR) based on pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and interference suppressing (IS) OFDM-based ultra wideband (UWB) systems in multi-user scenarios. For both systems we use minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receivers, and look at the raw bit error rate (BER) at the physical layer as performance criterion. This is evaluated using simulations for various scenarios that include additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), multipath and/or multiple access interference, and narrowband interference. Numerical results indicate that in the presence of AWGN only, the two systems display similar performance, while for multipath propagation the TH-PAM IR system outperforms the IS-OFDM system. However, in the presence of narrowband interference the IS-OFDM system outperforms the TH-PAM IR system which displays poor performance in this case.
Rendering of numerical flow simulations using MPI

Results from a parallel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code combined with a ray tracing library for run-time visualization are presented. Several factors make in-place rendering of CFD data preferable to the use of external rendering packages or dedicated graphics workstations. In-place rendering avoids significant I/O to disks or to networked graphics workstations, and provides the ability to monitor simulations as they progress. The use of MPI (Message Passing Interface) in both codes helped facilitate their combination into a single application. Also due to the use of MPI, the two separate applications have been run on several different architectures. The parallel architectures include networks of workstations, the Intel iPSC/860, the Intel Paragon, and the IBM SP2.
Sensitivity analysis on dependencies in dynamic availability models for large systems

Assumptions about independence are made when modeling the availability and reliability of large systems. The challenge, then, is to show that the loss of fidelity due to the independence assumptions is not significant. A sensitivity analysis that can cover all the situations for a dynamic system is the focus of this study. We attack this problem by conducting a series of sensitivity analyses on the dependencies identified in the system hierarchy. By showing the importance of the dependencies that have been modeled and the insignificance of the differences caused by the independence assumptions, the appropriateness of the modeling approach is demonstrated. This sensitivity analysis thus earns the analysts confidence in the model.
Health Care-associated Pneumonia: An Evidence-based Review

Health care-associated pneumonia is a relatively new classification of pneumonia that includes community-dwelling pneumonia patients having contact with the health care system. Current data indicate that health care-associated pneumonia patients present with more severe disease, are more likely to be infected with drug-resistant pathogens, and suffer increased mortality compared with community-acquired pneumonia patients. Guidelines recommend that these patients receive empiric antibiotics similar to those recommended for nosocomial pneumonia; however, it is not currently known if outcomes are improved when health care-associated pneumonia patients are treated with these therapies. In addition, the individual health care-associated pneumonia risk factors are based on limited data and are a poor predictor of patients likely to be infected with drug-resistant pathogens. Many questions remain on how to most appropriately care for this growing group of pneumonia patients. This review is an evidence-based discussion of current health care-associated pneumonia data, the individual health care-associated pneumonia risk factors, and limitations and additional considerations for the health care-associated pneumonia classification system.
Influence of Thermal Aging on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Dual Phase Precipitation Hardened Powder Metallurgy Stainless Steels

The effects of thermal aging on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of dual-phase, precipitation-hardened, powder metallurgy (PM) stainless steels of varying ferrite–martensite content were examined. Quantitative analyses of the inherent porosity and phase fractions were conducted on the steels, and no significant differences were noted with respect to aging temperature. Tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to fracture all increased with increasing aging temperature reaching maxima at 811 K (538 °C) in most cases. Increased strength and decreased ductility were observed in steels of higher martensite content. Nanoindentation of the individual microconstituents was employed to obtain a fundamental understanding of the strengthening contributions. Both the ferrite and martensite nanohardness values increased with aging temperature and exhibited similar maxima to the bulk tensile properties.
Stability boundaries for closed-loop systems with control constraints

Constraints on the magnitudes of control variables limit the region where unstable systems can be stabilized using feedback control. Stability boundaries must be evaluated to assure satisfactory system performance. A method is presented to determine the stability boundaries for linear second-order plants with saturating control and several classes of open-loop instability. In the saddle-point case, the modal axes of the stable mode centered on the equilibrium points and the saturation boundaries establish the regions of stability. For unstable nodes and foci, the stability boundaries are represented by unstable limit cycles enclosing the stable origin. The stability regions vary with changes in feedback gain. These results have fundamental significance for determining the degree to which unstable plants can be controlled in practical application.
Besser Pharma: International Accounting for Pensions

The purpose of the Besser Pharma case is to bring an international perspective to the coverage of pension accounting. Students are required to read U.S. and international pension accounting standards, complete financial statement research on the pension plans of Besser's competitors, and answer, in a memo to Besser Pharma's CFO, a series of questions about alternative accounting approaches permitted by International Accounting Standard No. 19, Employee Benefits.
Common features of fluency-evoking conditions studied in stuttering subjects and controls: an H(2)15O PET study.

We used H2 15 O PET to characterize the common features of two successful but markedly different fluency-evoking conditions — paced speech and singing — in order to identify brain mechanisms that enable fluent speech in people who stutter. To do so, we compared responses under fluency-evoking conditions with responses elicited by tasks that typically elicit dysfluent speech (quantifying the degree of stuttering and using this measure as a confounding covariate in our analyses). We evaluated task-related activations in both stuttering subjects and age- and gender-matched controls. Areas that were either uniquely activated during fluency-evoking conditions, or in which the magnitude of activation was significantly greater during fluency-evoking than dysfluencyevoking tasks included auditory association areas that process speech and voice and motor regions related to control of the larynx and oral articulators. This suggests that a common fluency-evoking mechanism might relate to more effective coupling of auditory and motor systems — that is, more efficient self-monitoring, allowing motor areas to more effectively modify speech. These effects were seen in both PWS and controls, suggesting that they are due to the sensorimotor or cognitive demands of the fluency-evoking tasks themselves. While responses seen in both groups were bilateral, however, the fluency-evoking tasks elicited more robust activation of auditory and motor regions within the left hemisphere of stuttering subjects, suggesting a role for the left hemisphere in compensatory processes that enable fluency.
AlGaSb Buffer Layers for Sb-Based Transistors

InAs quantum wells can serve as the channel for high-electron-mobility transistors. Structures are typically grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrates with 1.5 μm to 3.0 μm buffer layers of AlSb and AlGaSb accommodating the lattice mismatch. We demonstrate that high electron mobility in the InAs (>20,000 cm2/V s at 300 K) and smooth surfaces can be achieved with Al0.8Ga0.2Sb buffer layers as thin as 600 nm, grown at rates of 1.5 monolayers/s to 2.0 monolayers/s. The use of thinner buffer layers reduces molecular beam epitaxial growth time and source consumption. The buffer layers also exhibit higher resistivity, which should reduce excess gate leakage current and improve device isolation.
The return of object-based attention: selection of multiple-region objects.

Objects can control the focus of attention, allowing features on the same object to be selected more easily than features on different objects. In the present experiments, we investigated the perceptual processes that contribute to such object-based attentional effects. Previous research has demonstrated that object-based effects occur for single-region objects but not for multiple-region objects under some conditions (Experiment 1, Watson & Kramer, 1999). Such results are surprising, because most objects in natural scenes are composed of multiple regions. Previous findings could therefore limit the usefulness of an object-based selection mechanism. We explored the generality of these single-region selection results by manipulating the extent to which different (i.e., multiple) regions of a single object perceptually grouped together. Object-based attentional effects were attenuated when multiple regions did not group into a single perceptual object (Experiment 1). However, when multiple regions grouped together based on (1) edge continuation (Experiments 2 and 3) or (2) part and occlusion cues (Experiment 4), we observed object-based effects. Our results suggest that object-based attention is a robust process that can select multiple-region objects, provided the regions of such objects cohere on the basis of perceptual grouping cues. nt ]mis|This research was made possible by a Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research Award to M.M. and a grant from the National Science Foundation (BCS 99-10727) to S.P.V.
A Skeleton Tells Its Own Story: Forensic Analyses of Skeletal Elements for the Science Classroom Laboratory

The techniques of forensic anthropology and pathology can provide new information to increase student interest in studying the structural details of the human skeleton. We present a simplified methodology for assessing skeletal ethnicity, sex, age, and stature. An inexpensive method has been devised for constructing an osteometric board to allow students to measure long bones accurately. The effects of aging and the influence of lifestyle alterations on skeletal elements are presented along with the prediction of their effects on the living individual. This laboratory is intended to acquaint students with the process of collecting and analyzing data, interpreting scientific results, and assessing the accuracy of their conclusions. Gathering and analyzing their own data sets gives students a better understanding of the scientific method and an increased ability to translate this understanding to other scientific disciplines.
Piezoelectric Vibration-Based Energy Harvesters for Next-Generation Intelligent Tires

ABSTRACT: Because of access limitations inside the tire, the use of batteries for sensor nodes embedded inside an intelligent tire is not practical. The high vibration levels inside a tire have the potential to generate electrical power using vibration-based energy-harvesting techniques. In this article, the feasibility of using an inertial vibrating energy harvester unit to power a sensor module for tire use is assessed. To predict the electrical power output of the generator, a generic analytical model based on the transfer of energy within the system has been derived. The vibration measurements taken from the test conducted using accelerometers embedded in the tire have been applied as an excitation to the model to predict the power output for a device of suitable dimensions and to study the feasibility of this concept. For the tire applications, a special compact harvester design has been proposed that is able to withstand large shocks and vibrations. Suitable mathematical models for different harvest...
Genetic disruption of atrial natriuretic peptide causes pulmonary hypertension in normoxic and hypoxic mice

To determine whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a physiological role in modulating pulmonary hypertensive responses, we studied mice with gene-targeted disruption of the ANP gene under ...
Challenges in International Information Projects

This article provides information on databases and other projects operated by international organizations designed to preserve and distribute information of international interest, particularly legal information.
State of the Science Regarding Military-Connected Families

In 2013, more than 70 leading clinicians, researchers and scholars from around the world participated in the fourth International Research Symposium on Military and Veteran Families. Organized by the Military Family Research Institute (MFRI) at Purdue University, in partnership with the Center for Deployment Psychology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the symposium combined presentations about current research and discussions to produce consensus proposals for future research and training priorities regarding military and veteran families. This chapter summarizes key points from each of the presentations as well as the consensus proposals regarding research and training.
Evaluation of a Single-channel Photo-optical Clot-timing Instrument

Weisbrot, Irwin M., and Waldner, Deborah K.: Evaluation of a single-channel photo-optical clot-timing instrument. The Coag-a-mate single-channel clot timer is a photo-optical system for detecting clotting end points of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Specimens are processed in disposable plastic trays that have wells for six determinations. Temperature control was good. Accuracy and precision of the reagentdispensing pump were very good. Coefficients of variation of prothrombin times were smaller when compared with the Fibrometer and with the manual tilt tube. They were less than 2 to 3% day-to-day and 1% or less within-run. Unless the assays are arranged to control incubation time, activated partial thromboplastin times may have poor precision in plasmas with prolonged times. Coefficients of variation for activated partial thromboplastin time were 2 to 4% day-to-day. Careful control of incubation time improved precision. Prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times were shorter than those observed with the Fibrometer or the tilt tube, consistent with previous observations. Turbidity and coloration of plasma caused no clinically important discrepancy, but milky plasma could not be tested. The system was particularly effective for prothrombin time. The need for routine duplicate determinations is discussed.
Durably reducing transphobia: A field experiment on door-to-door canvassing

Existing research depicts intergroup prejudices as deeply ingrained, requiring intense intervention to lastingly reduce. Here, we show that a single approximately 10-minute conversation encouraging actively taking the perspective of others can markedly reduce prejudice for at least 3 months. We illustrate this potential with a door-to-door canvassing intervention in South Florida targeting antitransgender prejudice. Despite declines in homophobia, transphobia remains pervasive. For the intervention, 56 canvassers went door to door encouraging active perspective-taking with 501 voters at voters’ doorsteps. A randomized trial found that these conversations substantially reduced transphobia, with decreases greater than Americans’ average decrease in homophobia from 1998 to 2012. These effects persisted for 3 months, and both transgender and nontransgender canvassers were effective. The intervention also increased support for a nondiscrimination law, even after exposing voters to counterarguments.
329 CTLA4-Ig Promotes Lung Allograft Survival Following P. aeruginosa Infection by Blocking Neutrophil-Mediated Trans-Costimulation of Intragraft CD4+ T Cells

play a role in regulating IRI. Methods and Materials: Lung grafts were preserved by 18 hrs of cold preservation prior to engraftment to induce IRI. IL-10 GFP knockin reporter mice (IL-10GFP), which co-express native IL-10 protein and GFP, were used as lung recipients for C57BL/6 (B6) lungs. BAL neutrophils were identified by Ly6Ghi expression by FACS analysis. 500 ug Ly6G Ab (clone 1A8) was administered IP at 18 and 8 hrs before engraftment leading to a 95% BAL neutrophil reduction. IRI was assessed by PaO2 and Evans dye exclusion.
Allocation of Indivisible Life-Saving Goods With Both Intrinsic and Relational Quality The New Deceased-Donor Kidney Allocation System

Allocation of scarce heterogeneous life-saving goods confronts society with profound challenges that are analytically complex and morally laden. Deceased-donor kidneys for transplant are heterogene...
Optimization of Steam Bypass Control Strategy for 1 000 MW Ultra-supercritical Unit

This paper introduces the operation modes and control strategies of the bypass system for the 1 000 MW unit during the unit startup,on-load operation and shutdown,proposes the solutions after analysis of the problems found during commissioning process of bypass control system,and can serve as a reference for operation of units of the same kind.
Reliability test for integrated Glass interposer

In this paper, we investigated the reliability test for Glass interposer. The test vehicle is assembled glass interposer with chip, BT substrate, and PCB. The structure of a glass interposer with two RDL on the front-side and one RDL on the backside had been evaluated and developed. Key technologies, including via fabrication, topside RDL formation, micro-bumping, temporary bonding, silicon and glass thinning and backside RDL formation, were developed and integrated to perform well. The BT substrate design and PCB for electrical characterization of reliability tests are included as well. The results indicate that the device with the glass interposer can be integrated and there is also data showing the feasibility of the glass interposer for electronics applications.
Multiple Tumor Excisions in Ipsilateral Kidney Increase Complications After Partial Nephrectomy.

Abstract Introduction: The surgical morbidity of ipsilateral synchronous multifocality (ISM) is poorly characterized. We assessed the impact of ISM on complications after robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN). Patients and Methods: We abstracted data on RPN cases performed between 2006 and 2015 at our institution. Multifocal disease was characterized by >1 renal mass on preoperative imaging or >1 mass excision during RPN. The primary outcome was the rate of overall postoperative complications. The association between multifocality and complications was evaluated using univariate and multivariable analyses. Results: Of 1121 cases, 59 (5.3%) had >1 ipsilateral renal mass and 50 (4.5%) required >1 excision. The overall complication rate was 20.3% (230/1121). The radiographic number of ipsilateral renal masses was not significantly associated with complications (20.2% for 1 mass vs. 25.4% for >1 mass, p = 0.338). However, the actual number of ipsilateral mass excisions performed during RPN was significantly assoc...
Jurisdiction and the Internet

In the physical world, it's simple: a country controls its own territory, including the ocean to the range of its shore-based cannon, or approximately three miles. But how does this concept of jurisdiction apply to computers?
Real-time degradation monitoring of SiC-MOSFETs through readily available system microcontroller

The goal of this work is to develop a real time degradation monitoring tool for Silicon Carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs. The conventional methods for prognosis and reliability monitoring are mostly based on parametric measurements as on state resistance, threshold voltage, leakage currents etc. The change in switching characteristics of aged devices and the root cause analysis behind this change are also worth exploring for degradation monitoring. In this paper, a real-time monitoring procedure is proposed using readily available system microcontroller. For this purpose, an accelerated aging test bench is utilized to actively swing the junction temperature through power cycles in order to trigger device degradation. A number of parametric measurement results are presented for degradation discussion and turn on time variation are captured by proposed degradation monitoring approach.
Assessment of the Legionnaires’ disease outbreak in Flint, Michigan

The 2014-2015 Legionnaires' disease (LD) outbreak in Genesee County, MI, and the outbreak resolution in 2016 coincided with changes in the source of drinking water to Flint's municipal water system. Following the switch in water supply from Detroit to Flint River water, the odds of a Flint resident presenting with LD increased 6.3-fold (95% CI: 2.5, 14.0). This risk subsided following boil water advisories, likely due to residents avoiding water, and returned to historically normal levels with the switch back in water supply. During the crisis, as the concentration of free chlorine in water delivered to Flint residents decreased, their risk of acquiring LD increased. When the average weekly chlorine level in a census tract was <0.5 mg/L or <0.2 mg/L, the odds of an LD case presenting from a Flint neighborhood increased by a factor of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.4, 6.3) or 3.9 (95% CI: 1.8, 8.7), respectively. During the switch, the risk of a Flint neighborhood having a case of LD increased by 80% per 1 mg/L decrease in free chlorine, as calculated from the extensive variation in chlorine observed. In communities adjacent to Flint, the probability of LD occurring increased with the flow of commuters into Flint. Together, the results support the hypothesis that a system-wide proliferation of legionellae was responsible for the LD outbreak in Genesee County, MI.
Collision Detection Using Sphere Approximations

Collision detection is important in robotics and mechanical design. Objects can be represented for efficient collision detection by a hierarchy of approximations formed by the union and intersection of spheres. The approximations are encoded in a binary tree of spheres. This representation is superior to representation as collections of faces (because pairwise testing of components is not required), and to representation as octrees (because spheres are easier to translate and rotate than are cubes). Algorithms are given for building sphere representations and for detecting collisions between objects.
Analysis of Electrical Noise from Shock Loading a Steel Flatpack Soil Stress Gage

Extremely high electrical noise in the output of a carbon steel flatpack soil stress gage interferes with the desired piezoresistive shock wave signal at stresses above and, to a lesser extent, below about 10 GPa. Examples of this noise are indicated in stress histories of 17 GPa impact experiments performed by P. S. DeCarli1 and shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1(a) shows electrical noise on the stress signal obtained from a manganin gage experiment with a very short carbon steel flatpack, and a repeated experiment with the gage replaced by a constantan shorting element. The gage is clearly not the source of the noise. Fig. 1(b) shows results of repeated experiments with a very short stainless steel flatpack. No noise is present. The noise must therefore be due to the carbon steel flatpack. The purpose of this paper is to give a quantitative explanation for this noise, especially in the field flatpack configuration.
Nonconventional responses and survival benefit of immunotherapy in advanced lung cancer.

e14572Background: Objective response rates (ORR) utilizing RECIST or WHO criteria have been traditionally used as clinical endpoints to assess efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. However in the era...
Preferences, Power and Institutions in 21st-century Europe

After twenty‐five years, few scholars still dispute the leading role of Liberal Intergovernmentalism (LI) in theorizing EU history. Yet some question whether it can explain Europe's recent evolution. This article argues that LI retains its place as a ‘baseline’ integration theory. It is uniquely able to provide credible micro‐foundations of EU decision‐making, which even theories ostensibly critical of LI borrow. It offers a richer set of innovative opportunities for forward‐looking extension than is often thought. Compared to competitors such as Post‐Functionalism and Historical Institutionalism, LI generates more consistently satisfying empirical accounts of recent EU policy‐making, particularly with regard to the outcomes that ultimately matter most, namely substantive policies. And it remains a trustworthy guide to normative evaluation, for example on the issue of democratic legitimacy. The future of integration theory lies in creatively elaborating LI and, where possible, crafting more rigorous syntheses with alternative accounts.