cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dental auxiliaries, universities, and academic freedom

The position of the dental schools regarding training of expanded duty dental auxiliaries is related to the academic freedom of the universities and the viewpoint of the dental profession as reflected by the dental societies. The practicing dental profession lately has asked questions regarding the propriety of research programs designed to investigate the use of expanded duty dental auxiliaries. The dental schools see paraprofessional research as socially responsive. Dental societies recognize the usefulness of auxiliaries but feel their responsibilities should be limited. This paper examines the status of dental auxiliaries, universities, and academic freedom.
Magnetic Field Properties of Fermilab Energy Saver Dipoles

At Fermilab we have operated a production line for the fabrication of 901 21 foot long superconducting dipoles for use in the Energy Saver/Doubler. At any one time 772 of these dipoles are installed in the accelerator and 62 in beamlines; the remainder are spares. Magnetic field data are now available for most of these dipoles; in this paper we present some of these data which show that we have been able to maintain the necessary consistency in field quality throughout the production process. Specifically we report harmonic field coefficients, showing that the mechanical design permits substantial reduction of the magnitudes of the normal and skew quadrupole harmonic coefficients; field shape profiles; integral field data; and field angle data. Details of the measurement apparatus and procedures are described elsewhere.
Numerical resonances in method of moments

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of original resonance and model resonance, followed by numerical matrix resonance and right-hand-side (RHS) resonance. The errors in electric current and scattered field near the resonances are studied for both EFIE and MFIE in solving for scattering solution from a 2D circular cylinder.
Angular momentum exchange between atmosphere and Earth

The study of the Earth's rotation involves the characterization of the complex nature of Earth orientation changes, the identification of the mechanisms exciting these changes, and their interpretation in terms of a broad variety of geophysical processes. Without internal sources of energy or interactions with astronomical objects, the Earth would move as a rigid body with its various parts—the crust, mantle, inner and outer cores, atmosphere, and oceans—rotating together at a constant fixed rate. In reality, the Earth's rotation is considerably more complicated, as Figure 1 schematically illustrates. The rotation rate of the Earth's crust is not constant, but exhibits complicated fluctuations in speed amounting to several parts in 108 (corresponding to a variation of several milliseconds in the length of the day [LOD]; see Figure 2).
Duodenal Calcium Uptake, Femur Ash, and Eggshell Quality Decline with Age and Increase Following Molt

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the decline in eggshell quality over time during egg production, and its improvement after molting, paralleled the rate of calcium uptake by the duodenum of the laying hen. In vitro duodenal calcium uptake rate and femur ash (percentage of femur weight) were determined at 37, 45, 51, 58, 68, and 72 wk of age. Percentage shell and shell thickness (millimeters) were determined at 22, 29, 36, 44, 50, 57, and 71 wk of age. Molt was induced at 63 wk of age. Three commercial strains DeKalb® XL-Link, ISA/Babcock® B-300V, and Hy-Line® W-36 were compared. There were no differences in duodenal calcium uptake rate among strains. There was a significant decline (P
Myocardial Infarction Due to Tumor Embolization Following Pulmonary Resection

A fatal case of massive systemic tumor embolization, with involvement of the coronary arteries, which occurred following resection of a metastatic pulmonary fibroliposarcoma, is presented. Elevation of the cardiac specific creatine kinase isoenzyme (MB-CK) documented myocardial damage due to obstruction of the coronary arteries by tumor emboli. The preoperative computed tomography scan demonstrated contiguity between the pulmonary mass, the inferior pulmonary vein and left atrium. In future cases this finding should alert the surgeon that cardiopulmonary bypass and removal of the left atrial extension of the tumor under direct vision may be required to prevent embolization during pulmonary resection.
Maternally transferred mercury in wild largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

Abstract Maternal transfer of mercury in fish represents a potential route of elimination for adult females and a risk to developing embryos. To better quantify maternal transfer, we measured Hg in female largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) muscle and eggs from six waterbodies. Mercury in eggs from two waterbodies exceeded a US federal screening level (0.3 μg g −1 ) and was likely high enough to cause adverse reproductive effects. We found a curvilinear relationship between female and egg Hg. Fish with −1 Hg had low levels of Hg in eggs; those with Hg >0.37 μg g −1 showed a direct relationship between egg and muscle Hg (Log 10 egg Hg = −1.03 + 1.18 * log 10 muscle tissue Hg + 2.15 * (log 10 muscle tissue Hg + 0.35) 2 ). We also report higher maternal transfer (0.2–13.2%) and higher ratios of egg to muscle tissue Hg (4–52%) and egg to whole body Hg concentrations (7–116%) than previously observed for teleost fish.
Oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and altered gene expression in human lung epithelial cells exposed to ZnO nanoparticles

Abstract The influence of 20 nm ZnO nanoparticles on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and gene expression was studied in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). ZnO caused a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity while elevating oxidative stress and causing membrane damage (cellular LDH release). There was a remarkably steep relationship between concentration and toxicity at concentrations from 5 to 10 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity was completely abolished by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Exposure to ZnO also increased intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]in) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner that was partially attenuated by NAC. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, partially attenuated the elevated [Ca2+]in, indicating that some of the excess [Ca2+]in is a result of influx from outside the cell. The relationships between oxidative stress, [Ca2+]in, and cytotoxicity are discussed. Exposure to a sublethal concentration of ZnO increased the expression of four genes that are involved in apoptosis and oxidative stress responses BNIP, PRDX3, PRNP, and TXRND1, by at least 2.5-fold. Thus, ZnO alters transcriptional regulation in BEAS-2B cells.
Selections from current literature: clinical detection of abuse.

In this selected population, women generallypresent with traumatic injuries resulting from batter-ing. The markers of physical and sexual abuse, how-ever, are not always so obviously distinguishable. Thephysician in the primary care setting, the emergencydepartment or in a mental health referral centre seesvarying manifestations of abuse.We have chosen several articles for this 'Selectionsfrom current literature' that present information address-ing the following range of issues reflecting additionalrealities of the abuse victim in relation to clinical en-vironment: (i) prevalence and clinical manifestationsof abuse in primary care settings; (ii) differences bet-ween prevalence and manifestations in a specific referralcentre versus primary care; (iii) different methods ofassessing abuse; and (iv) physician's attitudes,knowledge and performance when addressing victimiz-ed patients.In the ensuing summaries, we introduce informationfelt to be unique to the particular article and importantas a contribution to the field. Additionally, all articlesreviewed, as well as most articles cited in the medicalliterature, have focused on women. These have definedthe term abuse to include emotional, physical and sexualvictimization; therefore, in this review, correlates andprevalence refer to all aspects of abuse unless specifiedelsewhere.
The dual of the Haagerup tensor product

The weak*-Haagerup tensor product Jt ®w.hjV of two von Neumann algebras is related to the Haagerup tensor product M ®h Jf in the same way that the von Neumann algebra tensor product is related to the spatial tensor product. Many of the fundamental theorems about completely bounded multilinear maps may be deduced from elementary properties of the weak*-Haagerup tensor product. We show that X* w.h Y* = (X®h Y)* for all operator spaces A'and Y. The weak*-Haagerup tensor product has simple characterizations and behaviour with reference to slice map properties. The tensor product of two (not necessarily self-adjoint) operator algebras is proven to have many strong commutant properties. All operator spaces possess a certain approximation property which is related to this tensor product. The connection between bimodule maps and commutants is explored.
Modeling territory attendance and preening behavior in a seabird colony as functions of environmental conditions.

In previous studies we developed a general compartmental methodology for modeling animal behavior and applied the methodology to marine birds and mammals. In this study we used the methodology to construct a system of two differential equations to model the dynamics of territory attendance and preening in a gull colony on Protection Island, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. We found that colony occupancy was driven primarily by abiotic environmental conditions, including tide height, time of day, solar elevation, and wind speed over open water. For birds in the colony, preening behavior was driven to some extent by abiotic environmental conditions (including time of day, solar elevation, humidity, and wind speed on the colony), but apparently was driven primarily by local and/or biotic effects not included in the model. In terms of R 2 values, the model explained 65% and 37% of the variability in colony occupancy and preening data, respectively, as a function of these six abiotic environmental factors.
Incremental Cost Basing of Laboratory Test Bid Proposals

Clinical laboratories in hospital are engaged in many new practices intended to maintain their historical standards of quality and service despite pressures to reduce personnel, capital, and all other direct expense budgets. Increased test volumes from sources other than hospital inpatients and outpatients may provide opportunities to cope with this problem. In this article, we describe a successful approach to acquiring such work using fee structures based on true incremental costs.
A carbohydrate-conjugated deep cavitand permits observation of caviplexes in human serum.

A deep cavitand was covalently modified with carbohydrates to provide solubility in biologically relevant environments and to investigate its receptor function. Specifically, a tetrakis(β-d-glucosyl) cavitand (1) that was soluble in neutral water or acid/base-buffered solutions was synthesized, and it formed complexes with hydrophobic small molecules. Extraction of the cavitand into aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles as simple membrane mimetics increased the scope of guests bound by 1 beyond that observed in only aqueous media. Complex formation was also detected in human serum. The findings show the functional compatibility of the receptor in both micelle-bound and serum-soluble forms.
The effect of nitrate on the succinate dehydrogenase activity of Hygrophorus conicus

Hygvophorus conicus has been shown to catalyze the hydroxyla t ion of steroids (Schuytema et al., 1963) and to conver t indole acetic acid to oxindole acetic acid (Siehr, 1961). I n a s tudy designed to locate the enzyme catalyzing the la t ter reaction, an a t t e m p t to isolate funct ional mi tochondr ia was made. Dur ing these studies a s t imula t ion of succinate dehydrogenase ac t iv i ty and the format ion of n i t r i te was observed when H. conicus was grown on media containing ni t ra te . There seems to be a correlation between the suceinate dehydrogenase ac t iv i ty a nd n i t ra te reduct ion in this organism.
The Quality of Care Provided to Women with Urinary Incontinence in 2 Clinical Settings

Purpose: Our aim was to test the feasibility of a set of quality of care indicators for urinary incontinence and at the same time measure the care provided to women with urinary incontinence in 2 clinical settings.Materials and Methods: This was a pilot test of a set of quality of care indicators. A total of 20 quality of care indicators were previously developed using the RAND Appropriateness Method. These quality of care indicators were used to measure care received for 137 women with a urinary incontinence diagnosis in a 120-physician hospital based multispecialty medical group. We also performed an abstraction of 146 patient records from primary care offices in Southern California. These charts were previously used as part of ACOVE (Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders Project). As a post-hoc secondary analysis, the 2 populations were compared with respect to quality, as measured by compliance with the quality of care indicators.Results: In the ACOVE population, 37.7% of patients with urinary incontine...
Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid and the development of ischaemic cerebral oedema.

AbstractThis study examined the changes in cerebral blood flow, water content, and lipoxygenase metabolites (leukotrienes) following bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCO) and reperfusion in the gerbil. The effect of inhibiting lipoxygenase with nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA) was also examined. BCO caused cerebral blood flow (measured using H2 clearance) to decline from 23.5 ± 1.9 to 4.5 ± 1.9 ml/min/l00 gm. Reperfusion increased flow to 27.9 ± 4 ml/min/100 gm at 10 min, which declined to 13.7 ± 1.3 ml/min/100 gm at 50 min. Concomitant oedema measurement revealed brain specific gravity decreasing to 1.0402 ± 0.0014 at 10 min and to 1.0325 ± 0.0006 at 50 min reperfusion (nonoccluded controls). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) increased from 26.8 ± 4.6 to 33.5 ± 2.1 pg/mg protein 10 min after reperfusion (p < 0.05), but declined to 21.8 ± pg/mg protein by 100 rnin (vs nonischaemic control = 21.3 ± 2.9 pg/mg protein). Activation of arachidonate metabolism was confirmed by significantly increased 6 keto PGF1α. Pretrea...
MR Imaging of Intracranial Tuberous Sclerosis

The role of MR in evaluating tuberous sclerosis is reviewed in 15 patients. These studies were compared with CT scans, which were available in 14 patients. Four characteristic findings were noted on the MR images obtained. Subependymal nodules projecting into the lateral ventricles were seen in 12 of 15 patients on T1-weighted images. This was the most specific finding. Distortion of the normal cortical architecture was seen in 10 of 11 patients in whom T1-weighted images were obtained using a 256 × 256 matrix. These foci corresponded to multiple cortical areas of increased signal on T2-weighted images. Dilated ventricles were seen in five patients. In one patient, a known astrocytoma showed increased signal on the T2-weighted images, allowing differentiation from a benign subependymal nodule. MR depicted the cortical hamartomas more completely than did CT. The MR scans were abnormal in all cases, and a diagnosis could be confidently made in all 11 cases scanned using a 256 × 256 matrix. Our preliminary experience suggests that MR will at least equal and probably exceed CT, both for sensitivity and specificity, given the use of a 256 × 256 matrix.
Wafer sort yield improvement by localizing and applying optical proximity correction on a metal bridging issue

This paper presents a wafer sort yield improvement on a device through changes in the optical proximity correction (OPC) algorithm. Failure analysis of the device showed metal bridging in a specific metal feature which caused gross functional failures in scan tests. Localizing the metal bridging was done by liquid crystal thermal analysis (LCTA) and device layout comparison. Sub-minimum spaces between metal lines were discovered in this metal layer that was created by an interaction between the existing OPC algorithm and a specific feature of two adjacent traces. Simple Boolean algorithms are added to the existing algorithm to correct the metal bridging to remove this final spacing issue and any others like it. This study reports a wafer sort yield improvement of 30% due to the OPC fix.
High-Capacity Flexible Support Stanchions for a Large Liquid Argon Cryostat

High-capacity flexible support stanchions are utilized in three large (5.2m) liquid argon cryostats to support the cold components. The stanchions serve to (1) transfer the weight of the inner vessel and its contents to the support carriage below the cryostat, (2) provide sufficient flexibility to allow the inner vessel to be cooled to liquid argon (or nitrogen) temperature without resort to a sliding connection, and (3) maintain the alignment of the two vessels about their common vertical centerline. Each stanchion consists of an array of parallel vertical plates attached to top and bottom plates by brazing. Alignment is maintained by orienting the plates such that their normals pass through the vertical centerline of the cryostat. Spherical bearings are used above and below the stanchions to compensate for minor misalignments and to distribute loads evenly. Heat leak into the lower part of the cryostat is minimized by the use of a passive heat intercept located above each stanchion. Features of the design, fabrication, and testing of the stanchions are described.
Leadership Development Models and Practices in India: Review of Literature

Cross-cultural researchers study, in most cases, transfer of leadership development (LD) theory, research and practices from the USA to other country contexts. Less attention is paid to the development of indigenous models of leadership development in country-specific contexts. We address this gap by examining emerging leadership development practices in India. This chapter reviews scholar-practitioner literature on: (a) leadership development theories and models as applied to the specific context India and (b) emerging practices in leader and leadership development in India. We present implications for future research and practice in leader and leadership development.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Implications of Pneumonia Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical implications of pneumonia following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was used to conduct a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing TJA. Independent risk factors for the development of pneumonia within 30 days of TJA were identified using multivariate regression. Mortality and readmission rates were compared between patients who did and did not develop pneumonia. Multivariate regression was used to adjust for all demographic, comorbidity, and procedural characteristics. Results In total, 171,200 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 66,493 (38.8%) underwent THA and 104,707 (61.2%) underwent TKA. Of the 171,200 patients, 590 developed pneumonia, yielding a rate of 0.34% (95% confidence interval = 0.32%-0.37%). Independent risk factors for pneumonia were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, greater age (most notably ≥80 years), dyspnea on exertion, dependent functional status, lower body mass index, hypertension, current smoker status, and male sex. The subset of patients who developed pneumonia following discharge had a higher readmission rate (82.1% vs 3.4%, adjusted relative risk [RR] = 16.6, P P Conclusion Pneumonia is a serious complication following TJA that occurs in approximately 1 in 300 patients. Approximately 4 in 5 patients who develop pneumonia are subsequently readmitted, and approximately 1 in 25 die. Given the serious implications of this complication, evidence-based pneumonia prevention programs including oral hygiene with chlorhexidine, sitting upright for meals, elevation of the head of the bed to at least 30°, aggressive incentive spirometry, and early ambulation should be considered for patients at greatest risk.
Bioengineering of an Intraabdominal Endocrine Pancreas.

This letter describes islet transplantation onto the omentum with the use of a degradable scaffold in a patient with a 25-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The patient remained insulin-independent for more than 1 year.
English language arts and the economy: discursive constructions of two fields

This article presents discourse analyses of two teachers’ statements about the economic payoff of studying English in the United States’ high schools. Specifically, the article examines how English...
Therapies for Diabetes: Pramlintide and Exenatide

The American Diabetes Association currently recommends an A1C goal of less than 7 percent. However, many patients are unable to achieve this goal by using oral drug combinations or diet and exercise, leaving insulin as the only treatment option. In most cases, insulin is initiated later in therapy because of its inconvenience and adverse effects (e.g., weight gain, hypoglycemia, possible role in atherogenesis). Although insulin effectively helps patients attain glucose goals, the search for new agents continues. Two injectable agents, pramlintide and exenatide, were approved in 2005 for the treatment of diabetes. Pramlintide, indicated for use in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, is a synthetic analogue of human amylin that acts in conjunction with insulin to delay gastric emptying and inhibit the release of glucagon. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, has multiple mechanisms for lowering glucose levels, including the enhancement of insulin secretion, and is indicated for use in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials have shown that both agents reduce, by a statistically significant degree, A1C levels (0.3 to 0.7 percent more than placebo), fasting plasma glucose levels, and body weight (3 to 5 lb [1.4 to 2.3 kg]). No studies have examined their effects on diabetic complications, cardiovascular disease, or overall mortality. Pramlintide and exenatide may help make glycemic goals more attainable.
Comprehensive review of genetic factors contributing to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development in low‐risk, nontraditional patients

Background The past 2 decades have seen an increased incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a nontraditional, low-risk patient population (ie, ≤45 years of age, no substance use history), owing to a combination of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and individual genetic variation. Methods Articles positing genetic variants as contributing factors in HNSCC incidence in low-risk, nontraditional patients were identified using a PubMed search, reviewed in detail, and concisely summarized herein. Results Recent data suggest that common polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes, cell-cycle control proteins, apoptotic pathway members, and Fanconi anemia-associated genes likely modulate susceptibility to HNSCC development in low-risk, nontraditional patients. Conclusion At present, there is a lack of robust, comprehensive data on genetic drivers of oncogenesis in low-risk patients and a clear need for further research on genetic alterations underlying the rising incidence of HNSCC in low-risk, nontraditional patients.
Clinical Cases and Self-Study Review for the Mental Health of Military and Veteran Populations

This chapter contains case studies for a wide range of mental health scenarios pertinent to active military service members and veterans. Each clinical case study is followed by a self-study review, which includes a set of questions and assignments regarding diagnoses, treatment plans, ethical considerations, and military and veteran systems of care. These self-study reviews are designed to help the learner understand the unique needs of military and veteran populations and to practice applications of the fundamental principles for mental health care of these populations. The learner may refer back to relevant chapters from the book to build a conceptual framework for understanding these cases and their implications for care.
Abstract 68: Targeting macrophage that forms a chemotherapy-induced niche significantly reduces cancer stem cells and tumors

Failure in cancer therapy is often caused by relapse resulting largely from chemo-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Most colorectal cancer patients, after receiving chemoradiotherapy, still harbor treatment-resistant residual tumor cells that are akin to colorectal adenoma. We therefore exploited the APCMin adenoma model that allowed us to study the natural and dynamic interaction between CSCs and their microenvironment in vivo following therapeutic stress. We observed that macrophages were directly recruited from blood vessel to the CSC niche in response to chemotherapy, playing a role in protecting and further promoting activation of CSCs. Reduction in the Ly6c-CD11bintCX3CR1+ MHCII+ population of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) by celecoxib or clodrosome was correlated with a decline in slow-cycling drug-resistant CSCs and tumorigenesis. Molecularly, we found that COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib suppressed Akt and Wnt signaling, downstream of macrophage-dependent PGE2-EP pathway, thus reducing CSC survival and activation. Taken together, in the naturally formed adenoma reflecting human familial adenomatous polyposis, Chemotherapy-induced recruitment of TAMs to the CSC niche protected and promoted activation of surviving CSCs via PGE2-EP mediated Akt-Wnt signaling, leading to tumor regrowth. Targeting the TAMs will benefit clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Xi He, Paloma I. Giles, Edward H. Lin, Linheng Li. Targeting macrophage that forms a chemotherapy-induced niche significantly reduces cancer stem cells and tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 68.
Ultrasound in reproductive medicine: Is it safe?

Many technologies have burgeoned and vastly expanded in obstetrics and gynecology over the last half century. Among them, assisted reproductive technology (ART) and ultrasound may be the most widely used in daily practice. Ultrasound is a form of energy with effects in tissues it traverses (bioeffects). The major bioeffects are a rise in temperature (thermal effects) and some effects secondary to the alternating positive and negative pressures of the ultrasound wave (nonthermal or mechanical effects). Two on-screen indices, the thermal (TI) and the mechanical (MI) indices, give the end user an indication of possible thermal and nonthermal changes occurring in real time during the ultrasound scan. While no harmful effects have been described in epidemiological studies in humans, some deleterious results have been demonstrated in animals. Furthermore, most epidemiological studies were performed before 1992, a time when maximal energy (acoustic) output for fetal studies was allowed to be increased and data available on machines used presently are limited. While intensities produced by B-mode, grayscale ultrasound are, most likely, safe, the use of Doppler involves much higher levels of energy. In addition, the very early fetus is known to be more vulnerable to external influences or insults than later in pregnancy. Information on susceptibility of the ovum, pre- or postfertilization, is even scarcer. In addition, knowledge regarding bioeffects and safety of ultrasound by clinical end users is grossly inadequate. While it appears that in vivo exposure to ultrasound at spatial average intensities below 1 W/cm 2, which is arguably the case in ART as well as early gestation, does not adversely affect oocytes/embryos/fetuses, it is advocated to utilize ultrasound only when medically indicated, for the shortest time and at the lowest intensity compatible with accurate diagnosis. Further prospective studies on ultrasound safety in ART and pregnancy are highly recommended.
Short-term and chronic allotype suppression in mice.

The phenomenon called allotype suppression, in which exposure of the neonate to antibody against its own immunoglobulins suppresses production of those immunoglobulins, offers fertile ground for studying the mechanisms of differentiation and regulation of the immune system. Frequently the suppression is short-lived, and is measurable in weeks post exposure rather than months. In other cases, however, the short exposure of the young animal to antibody to an allotypic antigen on immunoglobulins appears to permanently modify the immune system of the treated animal so that it never regains its normal capacity for immunoglobulin production. Studies on the mechanisms of these short- and long-term suppressions may therefore be expected to provide useful information about some of the sensitive regulation points which keep the entire immune system in balance.
English to Spanish translated medical forms: A descriptive genre-based corpus study

Medical translation in the United States has received increasing attention in recent years. This can be observed in the passing of legislation that supports equal access to healthcare regardless of language, in the development of training programs in educational institutions, and in the emergence of private initiatives in this field (Gonzalez Darriba, 2014). In this context, this paper aims to describe a genre with a very large volume of translation within medical practices, the Patient’s Personal and Medical Information Form (PPMIF), a questionnaire that gathers the relevant information needed for a successful first encounter between a patient and a medical practitioner. This description may serve as a basis for future reference when tackling the translation of PPMIF, as well as a tool for translation training and quality assessment. The analysis employed stems from a genre approach based on English for Special Purposes and Discourse Analysis applied to Translation (Gamero, 2001; Garcia Izquierdo, 2009). Methodologically, it uses a corpus-based approach to compile and describe a parallel corpus of 100 English-language Patient’s Personal and Medical Information Forms (PPMIF) and their translations into Spanish. Subsequently, in order to provide a description for the PPMIF as a genre, a genre-based approach is applied to outline its five main components, following Gamero’s Genre Characterization Model and Jimenez-Crespo’s (2010) work on forms.
Plant Parasitic Nematodes of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania

New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania have diverse geologies and geographies including forests, rivers, mountains, lakes and associated rural, suburban and urban communities. Their plant agriculture also varies widely with numerous fruit, vegetable and agronomic crops grown on coarse-textured to fine-textured and organic soils. The population density of more than 40 million people allows for vibrant ornamental and recreational plant industries. Plant parasitic nematodes are known to be associated with most, if not all of these ecosystems. Some of these nematode species are key limiting factors of major economic significance and have a sound associated research base. Relatively little, however, is known about the majority of the species of plant parasitic nematodes that exist in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania ecosystems. The first report of a plant parasitic nematode in the region was Meloidogyne sp. identified in New Jersey in 1891.
Droughts, Floods, and Scarcity on a Climate-Disrupted Planet: Understanding the Legal Challenges and Opportunities for Groundwater Sustainability

Since humans could dig rudimentary wells to reach water where surface supplies were scarce, groundwater has been critical to human needs. With the invention of the high-speed centrifugal (turbine) pump and its dissemination after World War II, large-scale access to groundwater beyond individual domestic needs became possible. This facilitated the rise of widespread irrigated agriculture. Now with increasing temperatures and precipitation uncertainties in our climate-disrupted world, humans are relying even more on groundwater to adapt and maintain access to water. All of this competition for water involves legal issues and disputes, such as underground storage of surface waters, saline intrusion in coastal aquifers, property damage due to land sinking when aquifers are depleted, and increased flooding in areas of compacted aquifers. Groundwater legal issues can range from the very local, involving a small aquifer contained within a single political boundary, to the multinational, involving large aquifers that cross multiple political boundaries. The socio-political-economic impacts of laws that fail to stop unsustainable groundwater depletion can be global. One may not readily associate the mass human migrations and dislocations from Yemen, Syria, and Jordan with groundwater, but some experts assert extreme water scarcity in the world’s most water-stressed aquifer is linked with crisis, war, and human migrations. This article aims to provide an introduction to groundwater hydrology followed by a comprehensive, yet succinct, overview of groundwater laws in the United States, and some of the emerging efforts to manage ground and surface waters together. The article then analyzes—and adds a measure of hope—for future sustainable management with the example of California’s nascent approach. Given California's population, water-dependent agriculture, and water supply, it may provide an example for other water stressed parts of the world.
Net absorption and hepatic metabolism of glucose, L-lactate, and volatile fatty acids by steers fed diets containing sorghum grain processed as dry-rolled or steam-flaked at different densities.

We determined the effect of processing method (dry-rolled [DR] vs steam-flaked [SF]) and degree of processing (flake density; FD) of SF sorghum grain on splanchnic (gut and liver) metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients by growing steers. Diets contained 77% sorghum grain, either DR or SF, with SF at densities of 437, 360, or 283 g/L (SF34, SF28, or SF22). Eight multicatheterized steers (340 kg initial BW) were used in a randomized complete block design. Net output or uptake of glucose, L-lactate, VFA, and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were measured across portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver, and splanchnic (PDV plus liver) tissues. Net absorption of glucose across PDV was negative and similar for all treatments (average of -104 g/d). Decreasing FD of SF sorghum grain linearly increased (P < or = .04) net absorption and splanchnic output of L-lactate by 20 and 130%, respectively, and hepatic synthesis (P = .06) and splanchnic output (P = .01) of glucose by 50%. Reducing FD did not alter output or uptake of acetate or n-butyrate by gut and liver tissues, but linearly decreased (P = .06) splanchnic output of BHBA by 40%. Net absorption (P = .18) and splanchnic output (P = .15) of propionate tended to be increased linearly by 50% with decreasing FD. Neither processing method (SF vs DR) nor degree of processing (varying FD) altered hepatic nutrient extraction ratios or estimated net absorption and splanchnic output of energy. Maximal contribution of propionate, L-lactate, and amino acids (alpha-amino N) to gluconeogenesis averaged 49, 11, and 20%, respectively. Feeding steers SF compared to DR diets did not alter net output or uptake of energy-yielding nutrients across splanchnic tissues, except net absorption of acetate tended to be greater (P = .13) for steers fed DR. Increasing degree of grain processing in the present study, by incrementally decreasing FD, tended to linearly increase the net absorption of glucose precursors (propionate and lactate), resulting in linear increases in synthesis and output of glucose by the liver to extrasplanchnic tissues (e.g., muscle).
Etiopathogenetic Mechanisms in Diverticular Disease of the Colon

This article reviews epidemiological evidence of heritability and putative mechanisms in diverticular disease, with greatest attention to 3 recent studies of genetic associations with diverticular disease based on genome-wide or whole-genome sequencing studies in large patient cohorts. We provide an analysis of the biological plausibility of the significant associations with gene variants reported and highlight the relevance of ANO1, CPI-17 (aka PPP1R14A), COLQ6, COL6A1, CALCB or CALCA, COL6A1, ARHGAP15, and S100A10 to colonic neuromuscular function and tissue properties that may result in altered compliance and predispose to the development of diverticular disease. Such studies also identify candidate genes for future studies.
Chain, Generalization of Covering Code, and Deterministic Algorithm for k-SAT

We present the current fastest deterministic algorithm for k-SAT, improving the upper bound (2-2/k)^{n + o(n)} due to Moser and Scheder in STOC 2011. The algorithm combines a branching algorithm with the derandomized local search, whose analysis relies on a special sequence of clauses called chain, and a generalization of covering code based on linear programming. We also provide a more intelligent branching algorithm for 3-SAT to establish the upper bound 1.32793^n, improved from 1.3303^n.
Oyster Reefs in Northern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Harbor Diverse Fish and Decapod Crustacean Assemblages: A Meta-Synthesis

Oyster reefs provide habitat for numerous fish and decapod crustacean species that mediate ecosystem functioning and support vibrant fisheries. Recent focus on the restoration of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs stems from this role as a critical ecosystem engineer. Within the shallow estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM), the eastern oyster is the dominant reef building organism. This study synthesizes data on fish and decapod crustacean occupancy of oyster reefs across nGoM with the goal of providing management and restoration benchmarks, something that is currently lacking for the region. Relevant data from 23 studies were identified, representing data from all five U.S. nGoM states over the last 28 years. Cumulatively, these studies documented over 120,000 individuals from 115 fish and 41 decapod crustacean species. Densities as high as 2800 ind m-2 were reported, with individual reef assemblages composed of as many as 52 species. Small, cryptic organisms that occupy interstitial spaces within the reefs, and sampled using trays, were found at an average density of 647 and 20 ind m-2 for decapod crustaceans (range: 18 - 2843) and fishes (range: 2 - 56), respectively. Both groups of organisms were comprised, on average, of 8 species (range: 3 - 15). Larger-bodied fishes captured adjacent to the reef using gill nets were found at an average density of 6 ind m-2 (range: 1- 68) which came from 23 species (range: 9 - 46). Decapod crustaceans sampled with gill nets had a much lower average density, < 1 ind m-2, and only contained 2 species. On average, seines captured the greatest number of fish species (n = 33), which were made up of both facultative residents and transients. These data provide general gear-specific benchmarks, based on values currently found in the region, to assist managers in assessing nekton occupancy of oyster reefs, and assessing trends or changes in status of oyster reef associated nekton support. More explicit reef descriptions (e.g., rugosity, height, area, adjacent habitat) would allow for more precise benchmarks as these factors are important in determining nekton assemblages, and sampling efficiency.
Process and Packaging Innovations for Moore’s Law Continuation and Beyond

This presentation describes various revolutionary process and packaging technologies on the horizon that will (i) extend Moore’s Law scaling through and beyond the next decade and (ii) enable many new, exciting integrated circuit opportunities and functions for future products. By using these new and exciting technologies holistically, and coupled with technology and design co-optimization, the future of Moore’s Law is brighter than ever.
Why should we reconsider using species richness in spatial conservation prioritization

Species richness has been largely used for determining site conservation values, but this has not been assessed in the context of marine mammal conservation. In our study, we assessed the effectiveness of species richness as a surrogate of marine mammal species representation at the global scale and compared it to the use of complementarity as an alternative approach. We obtained 134 marine mammal distribution maps from the IUCN Red List database and used two complementarity algorithms to calculate conservation priorities. To determine the effectiveness of species richness as a surrogate, we calculated the Species Accumulation Index (SAI) scores for marine mammal groups. Our findings indicate that both complementarity approaches are consistently more effective surrogates of marine mammal species representation across all groups and grains tested. Our study strongly supports the use of complementarity as supposed to richness as the preferred method to select sites conservation values for marine mammals. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to assess the effectiveness of richness and compare it to results obtained by the use of complementarity in global marine mammal species spatial representation.
Crying blood: Association of Valsalva and Hemolacria

Hemolacria, a very rare clinical entity, may be associated with trauma, vascular pathologies, infectious processes, or neoplasms.1 A 12-year-old previously healthy boy presented to his family physi...
Request for the Formation of an Ad Hoc Committee on Coal and Oil Investments

This white paper argues that the University of Michigan's Board of Regents should form a committee to consider divesting the University’s endowment from coal and oil investments. The paper details the University's three-prong test – created by the school's prior divestments from companies doing business in apartheid South Africa and from tobacco companies – for determining whether to form a committee to consider divestment. The test requires: 1) a consensus on campus surrounding the issue; 2) that the activities of the particular industries must be antithetical to the University’s core values; and 3) that the subject industries must be uniquely responsible for the problem. The white paper explains why coal and oil investments meet this standard. First, there is a consensus regarding climate change across all levels of campus. The Graham Sustainability Institute’s most recent survey found that around 89% of undergraduate students, 93% of graduate students, and 93% of faculty think that climate change is happening. The study found that a similar percentage believed humans are contributing to it, and that the issue is important to them personally. A consensus is further demonstrated by the educational and extra-curricular pursuits of students and the operational changes the University has made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Few significant issues, if any, enjoy this level of campus support. Second, the activities of the coal and oil industries are antithetical to the University’s core values. In two ways this is true. These industries offend the University’s core values of sustainability and academic integrity. These were the crucial elements in the University’s choice to divest from tobacco companies in 2002. And third, the coal and oil industries are uniquely responsible for climate change. The pollution from their industries is a chief driver of climate change, and their political and misinformation campaigns have undermined progress on this issue.
Multi-Stream Quickest Detection with Unknown Post-Change Parameters Under Sampling Control

The multi-stream quickest detection problem with unknown post-change parameters is studied under the sampling control constraint, where there are $M$ local processes in a system but one is only able to take observations from one of these $M$ local processes at each time instant. The objective is to raise a correct alarm as quickly as possible once the change occurs subject to both false alarm and sampling control constraints. We propose an efficient myopic-sampling-based quickest detection algorithm under sampling control constraint, and show it is asymptotically optimal in the sense of minimizing the detection delay under our context when the number $M$ of processes is fixed. Simulation studies are conducted to validate our theoretical results.
pH-dependent polymorphism of the structure of SARS-CoV-2 nsp7

The solution structure of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 7 (nsp7) at pH 7.0 has been determined by NMR spectroscopy. nsp7 is conserved in the coronavirinae subfamily and is an essential co-factor of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for active and processive replication. Similar to the previously deposited structures of SARS-CoV-1 nsp7 at acidic and basic conditions, SARS-CoV-2 nsp7 has a helical bundle folding at neutral pH. Remarkably, the α4 helix shows gradual dislocation from the core α2-α3 structure as pH increases from 6.5 to 7.5. The protonation state of residue H36 contributes to the change of nsp79s intramolecular interactions, and thus, to the structural variation near-neutral pH. Spin-relaxation results revealed that all three loop regions in nsp7 possess dynamic properties associated with this structural variation.
Post-Traumatic Growth After the Drug-Related Death of a Loved One: Understanding the Influence of Self-Compassion and Hope:

The interaction between self-compassion, hope, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) following the loss of a loved one to a drug related death (DRD) has been largely unexplored in the current literature. ...
Remorse, perceived offender immorality, and lay sentencing preferences

We examine whether affective, verbal, and restitutive displays of remorse are associated with perceived offender immorality, as well as whether displays of remorse exert indirect effects on preferences for criminal sentencing via perceived offender immorality. Data are from an online survey, which included a sentencing vignette with experimental manipulations for offender remorse and items measuring sentencing preferences, perceived offender and offense immorality, and controls (N = 352). OLS regression and bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals were used to estimate direct and indirect effects. Replication analyses were conducted with two student samples (N = 103 and N = 131). Displays of remorse were associated with perceived offender immorality. Displays of remorse also exerted indirect effects on preferences for sentencing severity and support for particular sentencing goals (including incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restoration). Affective, verbal, and restitutive displays of remorse may be associated with sentencing preferences via perceived offender immorality.
Race-Conscious Policy Analysis and the Healthcare Reform Debate

There is an inherent tension between cost containment and expansion of coverage for the uninsured. African Americans disproportionately benefit from expanded health care options but they also bear a disproportionate burden in attempts to control costs. This recognition justifies a race-conscious analysis of health policy changes that appear race-neutral on their face.