cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women's Collective Identity Formation in Sports A Case Study from Women's Ice Hockey

This research examines the emergence and development of a women's collegiate ice hockey club at a large university in the midwestern United States during the 1990s. The aim of this article is to assess the role that collective action plays in contesting sexist structures and practices within a traditionally male-dominated institution. This article draws on collective identity theory, as articulated in the social movement literature, to understand the process by which perceived injustices at an ice rink are translated into collective action on the part of a women's ice hockey club. The findings, based on fieldwork and interviews, demonstrate that the club's collective identity as a legitimate ice hockey organization was an important factor in the women's successful challenge of exclusionary practices at a university ice rink.
Seattle's Central District, 1990-2006: Integration or Displacement

This paper explores the continued process of displacement of African Americans from a community in which they were once captive, to their dispersal throughout the southeast sections of the City, the so-called Rainier Valley, and to the inner suburbs of Renton and Kent, once working and middle class communities in which African Americans could not safely walk after dark. The disruption, displacement and transformation of the Central Area and its African American residents is not unlike the story of many American cities. Traditionally the most marginalized of all of the nations marginalized, more and more African Americans are moving out of the urban cores, and into the inner suburbs. Harlem in New York City, Atlanta, Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and even southern cities such as Atlanta, to name but a few, have all seen once-shunned Negro areas become populated by the children of the white-flyers, who themselves crave the proximity, the convenience and the hipness of living close to downtowns where they work and play. Ironically, this process actually commenced around the time of the Civil Rights Movement, or as the Movement began to wound down, and has since become stable in the reality of 21st Century urban America. As for the Northwest, a recent news article reported that only Portland, Oregon, was whiter than Seattle, which it called the second whitest city in the United States. The article observed that an invasion of young, well-educated and mostly white newcomers is buying up and remaking Seattle's Central District. What had been the largest black-majority community in the Pacific Northwest has become majority white. However, unlike the cities in which African Americans are in significant numbers, Seattle and Washington State have, by any measure, relatively small minority populations. Nevertheless, Seattle presents gentrification and its issues in microcosmic dimension, in a city far less polarized racially than larger metropolitan areas east of the Mississippi river, or elsewhere in the United States. As we note elsewhere, the significantly smaller number of African Americans also suggests that the possibility of an ultimately integrated neighborhood is much greater than the typical case where segregated areas are far less polarized racially than larger metropolitan areas east of the Mississippi river, or elsewhere in the United States. As we note elsewhere, the significantly smaller number of African Americans also suggests that the possibility of an ultimately integrated neighborhood is much greater than the typical case.
Kinetochore-localized BUB-1/BUB-3 complex promotes anaphase onset in C. elegans.

The conserved Bub1/Bub3 complex is recruited to the kinetochore region of mitotic chromosomes, where it initiates spindle checkpoint signaling and promotes chromosome alignment. Here we show that, in contrast to the expectation for a checkpoint pathway component, the BUB-1/BUB-3 complex promotes timely anaphase onset in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. This activity of BUB-1/BUB-3 was independent of spindle checkpoint signaling but required kinetochore localization. BUB-1/BUB-3 inhibition equivalently delayed separase activation and other events occurring during mitotic exit. The anaphase promotion function required BUB-1’s kinase domain, but not its kinase activity, and this function was independent of the role of BUB-1/BUB-3 in chromosome alignment. These results reveal an unexpected role for the BUB-1/BUB-3 complex in promoting anaphase onset that is distinct from its well-studied functions in checkpoint signaling and chromosome alignment, and suggest a new mechanism contributing to the coordination of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition.
Of Merciful Justice and Justified Mercy: Commuting the Sentences of Battered Women Who Kill

This article examines the debate over the legitimacy of executive clemency for battered women who kill their abusers. Through an examination of efforts taken by the former governors of Ohio and Maryland, the article examines the legal and philosphical bases for executive clemency in these cases, as well as the obstacles to widespread acceptance of such actions. The article concludes that while longstanding principles of justice support this use of the clemency power, the process should be structured in such a way as to minimize the backlash against the decisionmakers, advocates, and the women themselves.
The Power of Uncertainty in Disability Law

The ADA has recently turned twenty and the controversy over the scope and efficacy of the act continues. This manuscript first briefly explores the backlash to the ADA and how media and other outlets have changed perceptions of the ADA over time. The manuscript then examines how managers mis-perceive the ADA due to information processing problems and risk aversion. Finally, measures to improve the certainty of the ADA and thus make the framework more transparent are discussed.
Mechanistic studies for depositing highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles on carbon by use of trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) reactions with O2 and H2

A fundamental understanding is developed for the chemical reaction mechanism that underlies platinum atomic layer deposition (ALD) on a carbon support, XC72R, for use as a fuel cell catalyst. Specifically, trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) (MeCpPtMe3) was fed as the 1st reactant for ALD on high surface area particles using a well-instrumented fluidized bed reactor equipped with an in-line mass spectrometer. The precursor’s organic ligands were removed by reaction with the 2nd reactant, either oxygen or hydrogen. These experiments were performed on both unmodified and functionalized XC72R. Carbon modification involved reflux with nitric acid, which oxygenated the XC72R. Platinum weight loading, average particle size, and particle dispersion depended on carbon treatment and on the reactant used for ligand removal (oxygen or hydrogen). Deposited platinum particle sizes ranged from 2.6 to 6.7 nm. Transmission electron microscopy, chemisorption, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy were used to characterize the Pt deposition and carbon support functionalization. More discrete and non-agglomerated platinum nanoparticles were produced using hydrogen, rather than oxygen, as a reactant and when deposition was conducted on functionalized, rather than unmodified, XC72R carbon. The platinum nanoparticles are stabilized by the underlying oxygen added during substrate functionalization and the avoidance of carbon substrate combustion when using hydrogen, instead of oxygen, as the 2nd reactant to remove residual ligands.
Dyson norms in XUV and strong-field ionization of polyatomics: Cytosine and uracil

The extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and strong-field valence ionization of cytosine and uracil is considered. We examine some simple estimates of the relative yields of the cation states populated following ionization and compare these to the results of a recently developed ab initio--type numerical model designed to compute strong-field ionization of molecules, the so-called time-dependent resolution in ionic states (TD-RIS) method. In analogy with one-photon XUV ionization, where the photoionization matrix elements can be related to the Dyson orbitals, we construct estimates for the yield of strong-field ionization (SFI) to different cation states based on the Dyson orbital norms and the Keldysh tunneling ionization rate. In the case of XUV ionization, the Dyson norms are shown to be good predictors of the relative cation yields when compared with the TD-RIS yields. The Dyson- and Keldysh-based models underestimate the yield to excited cation states in the case of SFI. The increased yield to the excited cation states in the TD-RIS results is attributed to the inclusion of multielectron effects and continuum structure not present in the simple models. The molecular Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (MO-ADK) method of calculating SFI is also considered. This later method is seen to agree more closely with the Dyson- and Keldysh-based estimates as it also fails to capture the multielectron effects and continuum structure included in the TD-RIS approach.
Abstract 3312: Molecular profiling of melanoma primary tumors

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Objectives: A number of pathologic features have been identified from primary melanoma that are useful for determining patient prognosis including tumor thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate and Clark level; and the tumor status of the sentinel nodes (SN). Because none of these factors is useful for evaluating the outcome of individual patients we used a cDNA microarray to determine the relevance of molecular profiling of the primaries to determine the presence of lymph node metastases. Methods: We obtained intact melanoma primaries and SN from 12 patients and microdissected both for molecular analysis. RNA was extracted and purified by RNeasy (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). GEArray Q series-Human Tumor Metastasis Gene Array Kits (Superarray, Bethesda, MD) were used to evaluate gene expression from biotinylated cDNA and images were acquired on the Molecular Dynamics storm 860 imaging station (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, United Kingdom, Ltd). The signal intensity which corresponds to the quantity of cDNA bound to the array was analyzed by the ScanAlyze V2.50 image analysis software (Covance, Berkeley, CA). Results: RNA was evaluated from 12 primary melanoma and matching SN, 7 with metastases. Four genes: caveolin (CAV1), Lim kinase (LIMK), matrix metalloproteinase 15 (MMP15) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) demonstrated consistent up-regulation in primary melanoma associated with SN metastases identified by H & E and the presence of these genes expressed in SN. Human melanoma cell lines and tumor-negative SN served as controls. Receiver operator curves (ROC) for genes: CAV1, LIMK, MMP15 and VEGF were constructed and the area under the curves (AUC) were determined as: 0.956+0.056, 0.978+0.039, 0.822+0.114 and 0.91+0.08, respectively. The combined concordance of LIMK and VEGF to predict metastases was 0.94 Conclusions: Gene expression profiling of primary melanoma can be used for predicting the presence of SN metastases. Up-regulation of LIMK and VEGF from the primary tumors may be an important first step to understand the early mechanism for patients developing lymph node metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3312.
Studies of morphology and immunofluorescence of Pneumocystis carinii.

SummaryRat and human strains of Pneumocystis carinii were found to be identical in morphology of all the developmental stages. “Trophozoites” varied greatly in size and had paired nuclei located eccentrically. Transitional forms were also observed in addition to “cyst” forms with eight “sporozoites” which have been described previously. By these observations, life cycle of P. carinii inside the pulmonary alveoli was proposed. Uninfected rats were immunized with the rat strains of P. carinii. The pooled rat antisera contained specific antibody to homologous P. carinii through dilution of 1:2048 as detected by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) method. Eight rat and five human strains of P. carinii were then studied by IFA method. All of the rat strains fluoresced while none of human strains gave fluorescence which suggested antigenic dissimilarity between these two strains. Both cysts and trophozoite forms identified by Giemsa staining fluoresced by IFA method.
Experience with a Simple High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Analysis of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleosides and Bases in Biological Fluids

Purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and bases were analysed using an isocratic reverse-phase HPLC technique and utilising simple sample preparation. The method has been successfully used to separate a large number of biologically occurring nucleic acid products within a 30-minute period and to identify them by their chromatographic and optical properties. A number of metabolic disorders have been identified, including hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase and ornithine carbamyl transferase deficiencies. The method has been in routine use for 2 years performing both quantitative and qualitative analysis and has proved to be robust and reliable.
Taking Happiness Seriously in Today's Business Environment

The authors suggest that it is time to incorporate happiness into the business curriculum and into the corporate world. The business curriculum stresses maximization which has resulted in many problems including abuse of the environment and of workers, all in the name of profit. Understanding what makes people truly happy and the consequences of a happy workforce and a happy nation can provide new direction for the corporate world and move them away from a strategy that will ultimately lead to a tragic outcome.
Contemplation on Today’s Digital Education

This paper starts to address the affect and side-effects of social media on people’s live in a pure contemplation perspective. Social networks are revised and some issues regarding its impact on education was not forgotten such as the teacher role in the digital classroom, formal versus informal learning or Web 2.0 tools use. Since Moodle is the first Learning Management System whilst Facebook is the first social network in the world, a survey was accomplished with two independent classes of e-business students at University of Saint Joseph, Macao, China, on their attitudes toward both online services in a learning framework. In general, the results confirms to a certain extent others previous studies on the question of whether using Facebook as an educational tool is more effective than Moodle.
Sex and the Developing Brain

Abstract The sex of an individual is likely one of the most important factors defining many endpoints in our lives including behavior, health, and disease. The processes establishing sex differences in many of these endpoints are determined early during brain development. Here we examine these factors, including hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms that establish sex differences in the developing brain during the critical period of sexual differentiation. Research examining sex differences in the developing brain expands our understanding of how functional circuits in the brain are programmed or constrained, and lends insight into the mechanisms that may establish sex-dependent vulnerabilities to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Defending Cyber-Physical Systems against DoS Attacks

Recent advances in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) promote the Internet as the main communication technology for monitoring, controlling and managing the physical entities as well as exchanging information between the physical entities and human users. On the other hand, the Internet introduces a variety of vulnerabilities that may put the security and privacy of CPSs under risk. The consequences of cyber-attacks to CPSs might be catastrophic because they are usually part of human habitat. One of the most perilous threats in the Internet is the Denial of Service (DoS) attack and its variations such as Distributed DoS (DDoS). In this work-in-progress, we propose a novel probabilistic packet marking scheme to infer forward paths from an attacker to a victim site and delegate the defense to the upstream Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Our results show that the victim site can construct a forward path from the attacker after receiving 23 packets on the average.
Comparison between active (pumped) and passive (diffusive) sampling methods for formaldehyde in pathology and histology laboratories.

ABSTRACTThis study was to determine occupational exposures to formaldehyde and to compare concentrations of formaldehyde obtained by active and passive sampling methods. In one pathology and one histology laboratories, exposure measurements were collected with sets of active air samplers (Supelco LpDNPH tubes) and passive badges (ChemDisk Aldehyde Monitor 571). Sixty-six sample pairs (49 personal and 17 area) were collected and analyzed by NIOSH NMAM 2016 for active samples and OSHA Method 1007 (using the manufacturer's updated uptake rate) for passive samples. All active and passive 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) measurements showed compliance with the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL-0.75 ppm) except for one passive measurement, whereas 78% for the active and 88% for the passive samples exceeded the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL-0.016 ppm). Overall, 73% of the passive samples showed higher concentrations than the active samples and a statistical test indicated disagreement between two meth...
Thiamine Deficiency and Cerebral Energy Metabolism

The present chapter will examine the effects of experimentally produced thiamine deficiency on various aspects of cerebral energy metabolism. Thiamine deficiency is a common finding in chronic alcoholics, and since Leigh’s disease patients may have an alteration in thiamine metabolism, consideration of cerebral energetics in these disorders may elucidate underlying mechanisms. This chapter will therefore address the normal role of thiamine both as a coenzyme as well as its possible role in nerve conduction. Following a consideration of the effects of thiamine deficiency on enzyme systems and metabolism will be a discussion of two major clinical entities thought to be associated with thiamine deficiency.
VaLHALLA: Variable Latency History Aware Local-carry Lazy Adder

Current low-energy adder designs fail to address subtraction or signed operations, are imprecise, or have large overheads. These overheads include overlapping sub-adders, relatively complex carry speculation mechanisms and bulky error correction circuits, all of which consume considerable amount of energy. In this paper, we address all these problems and introduce Variable Latency History Aware Local-carry Lazy Adder (VaLHALLA). VaLHALLA employs sliced non-overlapping sub-adders and speculates the carry-ins for each slice by exploiting the temporal operand correlation of each instruction location (i.e., it considers both operand history and instruction locale). VaLHALLA achieves accurate results at lower energy-delay-product than competing designs.
Race-specific associations between health-related quality of life and cellular aging among adults in the United States: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) could lead to higher morbidity and mortality through telomere attrition or accelerated cellular aging. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to examine the relationship between four dimensions of HRQOL and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) among a nationally representative sample of 3547 US adults (≥20 years) using the data from the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used HRQOL survey information collected on individuals’ self-rated general health, recent physical health, recent mental health, and recent activity limitation. Telomere length was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multiple linear regressions were used to estimate the relationship between each dimension of HRQOL and log-transformed values of LTL with adjustment for sample weights and design effects. HRQOL-race interactions were significant, and the results were stratified by race. After controlling for demographic factors, disease conditions, and lifestyle variables, worse general health was significantly associated with shorter LTL for Blacks (coefficient, β: −0.022, 95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI: −0.03 to −0.01), but not for Whites or Mexican Americans. Unwell physical health was associated with shorter telomere length for Whites (β: −0.005, 95% CI: −0.01 to −0.001) only. Unwell mental health showed no significant association with LTL in any race. Although longitudinal studies are needed to prove causality, our findings suggest that HRQOL could be associated with LTL shortening. We also found a possible racial difference in this association and recommend additional multiethnic studies to confirm this and to understand the reasons and consequences of this difference.
Neurologic Complications of Lymphoma

Neurologic complications of systemic non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma can involve the central as well the peripheral nervous system. These can result from direct invasion of the nervous system. Direct involvement can be seen especially with aggressive lymphomas, often involving the central nervous system and may require treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation. Indirect complications include paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, or vascular complications such as intravascular lymphoma and primary angiitis. Opportunistic central nervous system infections may also be seen
Modeling (and) Wear Mechanisms

In all technical fields the highest accomplishment is to formalize knowledge into mathematical (equation) format. This action serves two purposes, namely, a. To provide equations that engineers can use in product design, and, b. To add purpose and discipline to research. Overall the state of developing equations (modeling) in tribology ranges from very accomplished to primitive. Following is a list of tribology topics, covering that range, in the same order: a. Thick fluid film lubrication (hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic), b. Solid mechanics (elastic and plastic) of contact, c. Temperature rise in sliding surfaces, d. Surface topography, e. Frictional vibrations, f. Solid mechanics of visco-elastic contact, g. “Wear” by rolling contact fatigue, h. Wear by erosion, i. Wear by abrasion, j. Wear by sliding, k. Wear in the “boundary lubricated” state, 1. Wear protection by chemical boundary film formation, m. Criteria for galling (scuffing, scoring, etc.) in lubricated sliding, n. Friction.
Institutional Integrity in Health Care: Tony Soprano and Family Values

Tony Soprano is someone who worries about tradition and the values embodied in a tradition. He worries about the traditions of his ancestors, his family, and his business enterprises. And he worries a great deal about values like honor and integrity. He often laments that you can’t count on people to live out traditional values or keep their word. And, he does his best to instill these values in the younger generation around him.
Role of AWD/nucleoside diphosphate kinase in Drosophila development.

The abnormal wing discs gene of Drosophila encodes a soluble protein with nucleosidediphosphate kinase activity. This enzymic activity is necessary for the biological function ofthe abnormal wing discs gene product. Complete loss of function, i.e., null, mutations causelethality after the larval stage. Most larval organs in such null mutant larvae appear to benormal, but the imaginal discs are small and incapable of normal differentiation.Killer-of-prune is a neomorphic mutation in the abnormal wing discs gene. It causes dominant lethalityin larvae that lack prune gene activity. The Killer-of-prune mutant protein may have alteredsubstrate specificity. Null mutant larvae have a low level of nucleoside diphosphate kinaseactivity. This suggests that there may be additional Drosophila genes that encode proteinswith nucleoside dipthosphate kinase activity. Candidate genes have been found in theDrosophila genome.
Determination of intracellular pH by color film histophotometry of frozen in situ rat brain.

Regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is a critical factor in brain function in normal and pathological states. An inability to maintain controlled pHi during and after conditions which impose severe metabolic stress on the brain has been implicated as contributory to permanent neurologic damage in severe hypoxia, ischemic stroke, and seizures (1,2). The relationship between energy metabolism and pHi has been difficult to study because of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in brain physiology. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective techniques for determining pHi in brain which are compatible with concurrent measurement, or control, of other variables which affect or reflect cell physiology. For example, tissue lactate levels have been considered to reflect pHi, but this relationship has not been verified by direct experimental determination. The quantitative method for determining tissue lactate, which also preserves spatial distribution, excludes most existing techniques for quantitative pH measurement. This problem might be resolved by the use of colorimetric pH indicator dyes. The requirements for an in vivo colorimetric pH indicator in the mammalian central nervous system are stringent, but can be met by the vital dye neutral red (3).
The John Milton Reading Room and the Future of Digital Pedagogy

This chapter analyzes the editorial and pedagogical implications of the only born-digital edition of Milton’s works, The John Milton Reading Room, edited by Thomas H. Luxon. The project was developed to respond to a particular teaching problem: how to make Milton’s varied allusions accessible for undergraduates. The site’s hyperlinked design encourages a dynamic interaction between reader and text, in which readers, as the site’s users, can click easily from Milton’s works to free online editions of the works Milton alludes to, pursuing individualized paths of discovery. Zukerman argues that the site’s design reveals how born-digital editions not only empower reader-users to make their own paths through a text, but also model for students a process of inquiry that makes for successful scholarship.
Validation of a novel patient-reported outcome measure for parathyroid and thyroid disease (PROMPT).

Abstract Background Patient-reported outcome measures are being used increasingly to assess disease severity and response to surgery. The purpose of this study was to create and validate a patient-reported outcome measure for symptoms of thyroid enlargement and hyperparathyroidism, 2 conditions where the presence of preoperative symptoms and response to surgery is often questioned. Methods A questionnaire reviewing common symptoms was developed from a literature review and expert opinion. Internal validity, reliability, and initial responsiveness to surgery were evaluated. Results Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Parathyroid and Thyroid Disease (PROMPT) consists of 30 items: 10 compressive items and 20 hyperparathyroidism items; we evaluated 302 surveys collected over 10 months. PROMPT showed high internal consistency for compressive and hyperparathyroid constructs (Cronbach's α 0.84 and 0.95). Constructs were scored from 0–100, with greater scores corresponding to increased severity of symptoms. Preoperatively, patients with a goiter demonstrated greater compressive scores compared with other thyroid patients and hyperparathyroid patients (goiter, 47.5; nodule/other, 38.4; hyperparathyroid, 29.8; P Conclusion We validated a novel measure for symptoms of hyperparathyroidism and goiter. PROMPT demonstrates high internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and preliminary analysis, which suggests that it is sensitive to change after surgery.
English for Craft Students — 1

FEW people would dispute that craft students should do some written work. The trouble is, very often, that the subject matter provided by textbooks is not familiar enough for them to be able to write about it naturally. True, the subject matter they are familiar with is likely to be limited in extent, but its very familiarity helps in the surmounting of an initial obstacle, and the job of learning how to write usefully can then be tackled directly.
Emergency abdominal surgery in patients presenting from skilled nursing facilities: Opportunities for palliative care.

Abstract Background Residents of skilled nursing facilities (SNF) with acute abdomen present with more comorbidities and frailty than community-dwelling (CD) counterparts. Outcomes in this population are poorly described. Methods We hypothesized that SNF patients have higher mortality and morbidity than CD patients. This retrospective review of the NSQIP database from 2011 to 2015 compared outcomes of SNF and CD patients presenting with bowel obstruction, ischemia and perforation. Primary outcomes were in-hospital and 30-day mortality and failure-to-rescue (FTR). Results 18,326 patients met inclusion criteria. 904 (5%) presented from SNF. In-hospital (26% vs 10%) and 30-day mortality (33% vs 26%) was higher in SNF patients (p Conclusions Presentation from SNF is an independent predictor of mortality and FTR. Presentation from SNF is a potential trigger for early, concurrent palliative care to assist surgeons, patients, and families in decision making and goal-concordant treatment.
Behavioral Pharmacology of Novel Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists in Rats.

BACKGROUND New treatments for stress-related disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder are greatly needed. Kappa opioid receptors are expressed in the central nervous system, including areas implicated in analgesia and affective state. Although kappa opioid receptor agonists share the antinociceptive effects of mu opioid receptor agonists, they also tend to produce negative affective states. In contrast, selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists have antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects, stimulating interest in their therapeutic potential. The prototypical kappa opioid receptor antagonists (e.g., norBNI, JDTic) have an exceptionally long duration of action that complicates their use in humans, particularly in tests to establish safety. This study was designed to test dose- and time-course effects of novel kappa opioid receptor antagonists with the goal of identifying short-acting lead compounds for future medication development. METHODS We screened 2 novel, highly selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists (CYM-52220 and CYM-52288) with oral efficacy in the warm water tail flick assay in rats to determine initial dose and time course effects. For comparison, we tested existing kappa opioid receptor antagonists JDTic and LY-2456302 (also known as CERC-501 or JNJ-67953964). RESULTS In the tail flick assay, the rank order of duration of action for the antagonists was LY-2456302 < CYM-52288 < CYM-52220 << JDTic. Furthermore, LY-2456302 blocked the depressive (anhedonia-producing) effects of the kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488 in the intracranial self-stimulation paradigm, albeit at a higher dose than that needed for analgesic blockade in the tail flick assay. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that structurally diverse kappa opioid receptor antagonists can have short-acting effects and that LY-2456302 reduces anhedonia as measured in the intracranial self-stimulation test.
Temporospatial shifts in the human gut microbiome and metabolome after gastric bypass surgery

Although the etiology of obesity is not well-understood, genetic, environmental, and microbiome elements are recognized as contributors to this rising pandemic. It is well documented that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery drastically alters the fecal microbiome, but data are sparse on temporal and spatial microbiome and metabolome changes, especially in human populations. We characterized the structure and function (through metabolites) of the microbial communities in the gut lumen and structure of microbial communities on mucosal surfaces in nine morbidly obese individuals before, 6 months, and 12 months after RYGB surgery. Moreover, using a comprehensive multi-omic approach, we compared this longitudinal cohort to a previously studied cross-sectional cohort (n = 24). In addition to the expected weight reduction and improvement in obesity-related comorbidities after RYGB surgery, we observed that the impact of surgery was much greater on fecal communities in comparison to mucosal ones. The changes in the fecal microbiome were linked to increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids and an overall decrease in secondary bile acid concentrations. The microbiome and metabolome data sets for this longitudinal cohort strengthen our understanding of the persistent impact of RYGB on the gut microbiome and its metabolism. Our findings highlight the importance of changes in mucosal and fecal microbiomes after RYGB surgery. The spatial modifications in the microbiome after RYGB surgery corresponded to persistent changes in fecal fermentation and bile acid metabolism, both of which are associated with improved metabolic outcomes.
Thefeasibility, appropriateness, and applicability of trauma scoring systems in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Background About 5.8 million people die each year as a result of injuries, and nearly 90% of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Trauma scoring is a cornerstone of trauma quality improvement (QI) efforts, and is key to organizing and evaluating trauma services. The objective of this review was to assess the appropriateness, feasibility, and QI applicability of traditional trauma scoring systems in LMIC settings. Materials and methods This systematic review searched PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and trauma-focused journals for articles describing the use of a standardized trauma scoring system to characterize holistic health status. Studies conducted in high-income countries (HIC) or describing scores for isolated anatomic locations were excluded. Data reporting a score’s capacity to discriminate mortality, feasibility of implementation, or use for QI were extracted and synthesized. Results Of the 896 articles screened, 336 were included. Over half of studies (56%) reported Glasgow Coma Scale, followed by Injury Severity Score (ISS; 51%), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS; 24%), Revised Trauma Score (RTS; 19%), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS; 14%), and Kampala Trauma Score (7%). While ISS was overwhelmingly predictive of mortality, 12 articles reported limited feasibility of ISS and/or AIS. RTS consistently underestimated injury severity. Over a third of articles (37%) reporting TRISS assessmentsobserved mortality that was greater than that predicted by TRISS. Several articles cited limited human resources as the key challenge to feasibility. Conclusions The findings of this review reveal that implementing systems designed for HICs may not be relevant to the burden and resources available in LMICs. Adaptations or alternative scoring systems may be more effective. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017064600.
Randomized numerical linear algebra: Foundations and algorithms

This survey describes probabilistic algorithms for linear algebraic computations, such as factorizing matrices and solving linear systems. It focuses on techniques that have a proven track record for real-world problems. The paper treats both the theoretical foundations of the subject and practical computational issues. Topics include norm estimation, matrix approximation by sampling, structured and unstructured random embeddings, linear regression problems, low-rank approximation, subspace iteration and Krylov methods, error estimation and adaptivity, interpolatory and CUR factorizations, Nystrom approximation of positive semidefinite matrices, single-view (‘streaming’) algorithms, full rank-revealing factorizations, solvers for linear systems, and approximation of kernel matrices that arise in machine learning and in scientific computing.
Predicting the Ease of Human Category Learning Using Radial Basis Function Networks

Our goal is to understand and optimize human concept learning by predicting the ease of learning of a particular exemplar or category. We propose a method for estimating ease values, quantitative measures of ease of learning, as an alternative to conducting costly empirical training studies. Our method combines a psychological embedding of domain exemplars with a pragmatic categorization model. The two components are integrated using a radial basis function network (RBFN) that predicts ease values. The free parameters of the RBFN are fit using human similarity judgments, circumventing the need to collect human training data to fit more complex models of human categorization. We conduct two category-training experiments to validate predictions of the RBFN. We demonstrate that an instance-based RBFN outperforms both a prototype-based RBFN and an empirical approach using the raw data. Although the human data were collected across diverse experimental conditions, the predicted ease values strongly correlate with human learning performance. Training can be sequenced by (predicted) ease, achieving what is known as fading in the psychology literature and curriculum learning in the machine-learning literature, both of which have been shown to facilitate learning.
Experience and knowledge of Lyme disease: A scoping review of patient-provider communication.

Abstract There has been limited research on patient-provider communication dynamics regarding Lyme disease (LD) diagnosis and treatment. Evidence suggests communication in the clinical encounter improves when both patient and healthcare provider (HCP) have concordant orientations (or beliefs) on discussed topics, resulting in higher patient satisfaction and care outcomes. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize and summarize current research findings on patient and provider knowledge and experiences regarding LD - two factors that may influence the orientation of both patients and providers toward LD in the clinical setting. None of the articles included in the review specifically addressed patient-provider interaction and relationships as the main objective. However, the existing literature indicates notable HCP uncertainty regarding LD diagnosis, treatment, and applied practice patterns. Current research also describes limited knowledge of LD among patient populations and a high prevalence of negative perceptions of care received in mainstream healthcare settings among individuals with persistent symptoms. We identified a critical gap in research that seeks to understand the dynamic of patients and HCPs communicating on the topic of LD in the clinical setting. Future research may identify opportunities where the patient-provider communication dynamic can be improved.
Suicide Prevention: Stahl's Handbooks

The current suicide public health crisis and advances in clinical practice have increased the need for clear, evidence-informed guidance on suicide prevention in healthcare. This clinical suicide prevention handbook is an essential resource for mental health and primary care professionals, and any practitioner aiming to ensure their practice is up-to-date, patient-centred and consistent with the most current standards of care. Starting with a summary of the science and public health model of suicide, the book offers quick tips for suicide screening, risk assessment, interventions, and follow-up communication. It discusses medicolegal risk management, how health systems can prevent suicide and provides highly specialized guidance for clinicians following the loss of a patient to suicide. Focused sections include incorporating social media into care plans, telemedicine, issues related to culture and race/ethnicity, and working with specific populations. It introduces an integrated, prevention-oriented approach to suicide prevention, incorporating realistic supports, foreseeable changes, and strategies.
Totally Asynchronous Primal-Dual Convex Optimization in Blocks

We present a parallelized primal-dual algorithm for solving constrained convex optimization problems. The algorithm is "block-based," in that vectors of primal and dual variables are partitioned into blocks, each of which is updated only by a single processor. We consider four possible forms of asynchrony: in updates to primal variables, updates to dual variables, communications of primal variables, and communications of dual variables. We construct a family of explicit counterexamples to show the need to eliminate asynchronous communication of dual variables, though the other forms of asynchrony are permitted, all without requiring bounds on delays. A first-order primal-dual update law is developed and shown to be robust to asynchrony. We then derive convergence rates to a Lagrangian saddle point in terms of the operations agents execute, without specifying any timing or pattern with which they must be executed. These convergence rates include an "asynchrony penalty" that we quantify and present ways to mitigate. Numerical results illustrate these developments.
Transatlantic Politics and the Transformation of the International Monetary System

Foreword Jacques de Larosiere. 1. Introduction: Crisis & Change. Part I: Commitments, Compromise & Discord, 1945-1971. 2: The Embedded Liberal Consensus & Its Challengers, 1945-1970. 3: The Nixon Shocks, 1971 Part II: An Emerging Neoliberal Consensus, 1972-1976. 4: The "Half-Way Route" to de Facto Floating, January 1972-September 1973. 5: The Foundations of "Backlash," October 1973 - January 1976. Part III: Defensive Regionalism, 1976-1979. 6: The European Monetary System. Conclusions.
Clinicopathological comparison of colorectal and endometrial carcinomas in patients with Lynch-like syndrome versus patients with Lynch syndrome.

Summary Screening for DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in colorectal and endometrial carcinomas identifies patients at risk for Lynch syndrome. Some patients with MMR-deficient tumors have no evidence of a germline mutation and have been described as having Lynch-like syndrome. We compared the clinicopathological features of colorectal and endometrial carcinomas in patients with Lynch-like syndrome and Lynch syndrome. Universal screening identified 356 (10.6%) of 3352 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 72 (33%) of 215 patients with endometrial carcinoma with deficient DNA MMR. Sixty-six patients underwent germline mutation analysis with 45 patients (68%) having evidence of a germline MMR gene mutation confirming Lynch syndrome and 21 patients (32%) having Lynch-like syndrome with no evidence of a germline mutation. Most patients with Lynch-like syndrome had carcinoma involving the right colon compared to patients with Lynch syndrome (93% versus 45%; P P = .04). There were no significant differences in clinicopathological variables between patients with Lynch-like syndrome and Lynch syndrome with endometrial carcinoma. In summary, 32% of patients with MMR deficiency concerning Lynch syndrome will have Lynch-like syndrome. Our results demonstrate that patients with Lynch-like syndrome are more likely to have right-sided colorectal carcinoma, less likely to have synchronous or metachronous Lynch syndrome–associated carcinoma, and less likely to demonstrate isolated loss of MSH6 expression within their tumor.
Swimming and Fitness

(1964). Swimming and Fitness. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 22-62.
Primed phosphorylation of tau at Thr231 by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) plays a critical role in regulating tau's ability to bind and stabilize microtubules

Site-specific phosphorylation of tau negatively regulates its ability to bind and stabilize microtubule structure. Although tau is a substrate of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), the exact sites on tau that are phosphorylated by this kinase in situ have not yet been established, and the effect of these phosphorylation events on tau-microtubule interactions have not been fully elucidated. GSK3beta phosphorylates both primed and unprimed sites on tau, but only primed phosphorylation events significantly decrease the ability of tau to bind microtubules. The focus of the present study is on determining the importance of the GSK3beta-mediated phosphorylation of a specific primed site, Thr231, in regulating tau's function. Pre-phosphorylation of Ser235 primes tau for phosphorylation by GSK3beta at Thr231. Phosphorylation by GSK3beta of wild-type tau or tau with Ser235 mutated to Ala decreases tau-microtubule interactions. However, when Thr231 alone or Thr231 and Ser235 in tau were mutated to Ala, phosphorylation by GSK3beta did not decrease the association of tau with the cytoskeleton. Further, T231A tau was still able to efficiently bind microtubules after phosphorylation by GSK3beta. Expression of each tau construct alone increased tubulin acetylation, a marker of microtubule stability. However, when cells were cotransfected with wild-type tau and GSK3beta, the level of tubulin acetylation was decreased to vector-transfected levels. In contrast, coexpression of GSK3beta with mutated tau (T231A/S235A) did not significantly decrease the levels of acetylated tubulin. These results strongly indicate that phosphorylation of Thr231 in tau by GSK3beta plays a critical role in regulating tau's ability to bind and stabilize microtubules.