cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of one-dimensional Vlasov–Poisson equations for infinite homogeneous stellar systems

We consider the gravitational Vlasov–Poisson (VP), or the so-called collisionless Boltzmann–Poisson equations for the self-gravitating collisionless stellar systems. We compute the solutions using a high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for the Vlasov equation, and the classical representation by Green’s function for the Poisson equation in the one-dimensional setting. We study both the case of damping and Jeans instability depending on the wavenumbers, which are taken to be greater than or less than the Jeans wavenumber, respectively. The method is shown to be stable, accurate and conservative. We report for the first time the BGK modes for the gravitational VP system, and we study the behavior of solutions associated with these various wavenumbers.
Phonon Scattering by Isotopic Impurities in Helium Single Crystals

We have utilized the enhancement of thermal conductivity by Poiseuille flow of the phonon gas to study phonon scattering in 4He crystals containing small amounts of 3He. Our samples differed from those of previous investigations in two respects: (1) they were single crystals of high quality, and (2) the 3He concentrations studied were quite small, the largest being 2.0 × 10 −5.
Sexual Healing: Grounding Eros, Social Attachment, and the Perfectionist Impulse

Though Rousseau follows his modern predecessors -- Hobbes and Locke in particular -- in seeking to provide a largely materialistic explanation of human behavior and development, he is distinguished from them by his willingness to take seriously the phenomenon of erotic longing. His account of the genesis of this passion remains faithful to the assumptions of his social contract theory brethren, but also provides the basis for his critique of instrumentalist explanations of social relations. I argue that Rousseau grounds the expansive longings of human beings in inchoate sexual desire, and holds that its proper development is the condition for a series of ambitious moral and social possibilities whose approximate realization was believed by Rousseau to necessary.
Audit Report Lag and Submission Approval Lag: The Case of Insurance Companies

I use a firm’s risk-based capital (RBC) ratio as a proxy for insolvency risk, and measure time spent by auditors preparing regulatory submissions (audit report lag), and time spent by regulators reviewing audit submissions of these insurance companies (submission approval lag). Results indicate that the file size submitted by insurers varies negatively with RBC and that higher RBCs are associated with faster approval of regulatory submissions. Among riskier firms, higher RBCs are associated with longer processing time, perhaps suggesting that regulators spend the most time examining the filing submissions of firms that are risky, but not firms for whom insolvency is inevitable. Contrary to expectations, audit report lag is not significantly related to RBC.
Diversifying Our Ranks: A Call to Action.

![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] Addressing disparities in care and ensuring the ultimate well-being of patients has been a priority throughout our careers, and is a key focus of this year as president and president-elect of the American College of Cardiology (ACC). Doing this successfully
Hydrofluoric acid solution calorimetric investigation of the effects of anorthite component on enthalpies of K-Na mixing in feldspars

Enthalpies of solution have been measured at 50°C in 20.1 wt% hydrofluoric acid under isoperibolic conditions for a nine-member K-Na ion-exchange series based on a disordered oligoclase specimen containing 23.1 mol% anorthite (An) component. The series displays positive enthalpies of K-Na mixing, but magnitudes are substantially reduced relative to An-free analogs. Volumes of K-Na mixing for the series are similarly reduced; the asymmetry of these with respect to composition is the opposite of that for alkali feldspars. Lower magnitudes of the mixing properties are probably related to the shortened compositional range of this series, relative to normal alkali-feldspar series, and to a 23% An structural background against which the energetic effects of K-for-Na substitution are dampened.
Evaluation of Reproductive Stage Maize for Resistance to the Southwestern Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using Visual Rating Scores of Leaf Sheath and Husk Damage

A better technique for evaluating damage to maize, Zea mays L., in the reproductive stage of growth from southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, is needed to screen maize for resistance to this pest. The old technique of splitting stalks of infested plants and measuring the tunneling 35 to 45 d after infestation is inefficient. We developed a new technique that uses rating scales to estimate visually the degree of damage to the leaf sheath and ear husks, the preferred feeding sites by larvae, within 14 d of infestation. The rating scales range from 0 to 9 with scores based on types and numbers of lesions made by the larvae. A rating of 0 indicates no damage and ratings of 7-9 indicate substantial damage. Experiments were conducted to test the usefulness of the rating scales in detecting differences in larval growth and numbers. Our results show that the rating scores were significantly correlated with larval growth and numbers. Significant differences in larval growth and numbers were found among larvae reared on some of the test hybrids. When this occurred, differences in rating scores among hybrids also were found to be significant. Significant differences were found in larval numbers and growth when maize hybrids were infested on the same day but at different physiological stages.
Mycotic aneurysm and osteomyelitis secondary to infection with Pasteurella multocida.

Two rare human infections produced by Pasteurella multocida , a member of the genus Pasteurella, are presented. One of the patients had a fatal outcome following the rupture of a mycotic aneurysm. In the second case, the infection was superimposed on stasis ulcers of the legs in a diabetic patient and was complicated by cellulitis and osteomyelitis. The healing process was slow, but healing was achieved following surgery and intense systemic and local oxacillin and penicillin therapy. Neither case was related to animal bites or scratches.
Assessing and Improving User Satisfaction in Higher Education: A Role for Human Factors

The success of a human factors perspective in improving customer satisfaction in other industries is suggestive of application to higher education, which is increasingly regarded as an industry. An initial step in a human factors approach to higher education is to furnish a reliable measure of undergraduate customer satisfaction. The present study outlines two studies exploring the Cynical Attitudes Toward College Scale (CATCS; Brockway et al., 2002) as a measure of higher education customer satisfaction. The first study demonstrates the usefulness of the CATCS as a measure of costumer satisfaction by demonstrating differences between two user groups, traditional and nontraditional students. The second study demonstrates its relationship to an environmental design variable, personalization of living space in college dormitories. The CATCS may prove useful in investigating and improving the design of higher education.
International prosecutions and atrocities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A case study of the FDLR

ABSTRACTCan international criminal prosecutions initiated during ongoing conflict prevent atrocities? This article addresses this question through a case study of the impact of international prosecutions vis-a-vis the Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda (FDLR), a Rwandan rebel group active in the ongoing conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study finds mixed evidence concerning the impact of international prosecutions with respect to this group. On the one hand, the arrest of three FDLR political leaders in Europe and the issuance of an International Criminal Court (ICC) arrest warrant for a senior FDLR military commander in DRC contributed to the prevention of atrocities by reducing the FDLR’s military capacity. However, the same ICC warrant also generated perverse incentives for hardline elements in the FDLR to spoil peace initiatives, indirectly exacerbating atrocities, and other international legal actions—including the opening of the ICC investigation in DRC and indic...
Research on thalidomide in solid tumors, hematologic malignancies, and supportive care.

Interest in thalidomide (Thalomid) has intensified in recent years as research has identified and elucidated its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties. In this supplement, we present a selection of abstracts
Determination of acephate in human urine

Acephate is a commonly used organophosphate insecticide applied on agricultural crops and in residential communities. Because very little acephate is metabolized prior to excretion, the parent pesticide compound can be measured in human urine. The residue method must be sensitive enough to determine human exposure and potential health risk for both agricultural workers and their families who may be exposed by pesticide drift or by inadvertent carry-home residues. A reliable and sensitive method was developed to measure acephate concentrations in human urine. Urine was diluted with water and acetone, adjusted to a neutral pH, and partitioned twice in acetone-methylene chloride (1 + 1, v/v), with NaCl added to aid separation. The solvent-reduced organic phase extracts were clarified by activated charcoal solid-phase extraction and then adjusted to a final volume with the addition of a D-xylose analyte protectant solution to reduce matrix enhancement effects. Acephate concentrations in urine were determined by gas chromatography using pulsed flame photometric detection. The method limit of detection was established at 2 microg/L, with a method limit of quantitation of 10 microg/L. The average recovery from urine fortified with 10-500 microg/L was 102 +/- 12% (n = 32).
Economic decline, political reaction, and the rise of right-wing ultra-nationalist movements

Cet article examine les relations entre l'expansion capitaliste internationale, le declin des economies nationales et l'essor des mouvements ultranationalistes de droite a travers le monde. Les recents developpements en Europe de l'Est et dans le Tiers-Monde permettent de comprendre des changements similaires en train de s'operer aux Etats-Unis et dans d'autres pays capitalistes avances. En observant les conditions sociales, economiques et politiques de l'emergence des fascismes et des nationalismes au cours du siecle, l'A. est en mesure d'avancer une explication de ces phenomenes en termes de classe.
Thermomechanical Processing by Shock Waves: An Overview

Research efforts assessing the potential of shock TMP for a number of alloy systems are reviewed. Shock loading seems to be a promising deformation technique in TMP when (a) the initial strength of the alloy is such that conventional deformation is precluded and (b) when the shock wave induces property improvements that are significantly superior to those of conventional deformation.
The gig economy

Gig jobs have become a structural aspect of contemporary economic landscape, creating unique social and technological challenges. How can policies and design solutions better protect gig workers and mitigate the risks participants face?
Growth deficits in cystic fibrosis mice begin in utero prior to IGF-1 reduction

Growth deficits are common in cystic fibrosis (CF), but their cause is complex, with contributions from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, pulmonary complications, gastrointestinal obstructions, and endocrine abnormalities. The CF mouse model displays similar growth impairment despite exocrine pancreatic function and in the absence of chronic pulmonary infection. The high incidence of intestinal obstruction in the CF mouse has been suggested to significantly contribute to the observed growth deficits. Previous studies by our group have shown that restoration of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the intestinal epithelium prevents intestinal obstruction but does not improve growth. In this study, we further investigate growth deficits in CF and gut-corrected CF mice by assessing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in CF and gut-corrected CF adult mice compared to wildtype littermates and were highly correlated with weight. Interestingly, perinatal IGF-1 levels were not significantly different between CF and wildtype littermates, even though growth deficits in CF mice could be detected late in gestation. Since CFTR has been suggested to play a role in water and nutrient exchange in the placenta through its interaction with aquaporins, we analyzed placental aquaporin expression in late-gestation CF and control littermates. While significant differences were observed in Aquaporin 9 expression in CF placentas in late gestation, there was no evidence of placental fluid exchange differences between CF and control littermates. The results from this study indicate that decreased IGF-1 levels are highly correlated with growth in CF mice, independent of CF intestinal obstruction. However, the perinatal growth deficits that are observed in CF mice are not due to decreased IGF-1 levels or differences in placenta-mediated fluid exchange. Further investigation is necessary to understand the etiology of early growth deficits in CF, as growth has been shown to be a significant factor in disease outcomes.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO MODERATE TO VIGOROUS AND VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ACCRUAL DURING INVASION AND NET-WALL GAME-FOCUSED TACTICAL GAMES MODEL LESSONS

Students in physical education (PE) classes traditionally do not meet national recommendations of 50% moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) within lessons. Information regarding the accrual of vigorous physical activity (VPA) is also sparse. Recent evidence suggests that lessons delivered via the Tactical Games Model (TGM) can provide a context where students can achieve national MVPA recommendations and accrue significant amounts of VPA. However, evidence is limited on how the type of game (Frisbee/badminton) and/or game category (invasion/net-wall) may affect opportunities for students MVPA/VPA accrual. The purpose of this study was to investigate how MVPA/VPA varied as a function of game type/category when preservice physical education teachers PSPET’s taught TGM lessons. Participants were PSPET’s at one Mid-Western University (N=24) who learned to use TGM in one university-based course within their Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) program. As part of the course, each PSPET taught one TGM lesson within invasion (lacrosse and Frisbee) and net/wall (badminton and pickleball) games. 24 lessons were delivered in total (n = 6 from each game). Lesson context and teacher behavior data were collected. PSPET’s wore ActigraphGTX3® triaxial accelerometers to collect MVPA/VPA data. TGM fidelity was established (Metzler, 2011). Lesson context and teacher behavior data were analyzed descriptively. PA data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Lesson context data showed that teachers spent most of their time in game play, followed by skill practice. Results from accelerometry revealed that PSPET’s did not reach national MVPA recommendations during any of the sessions focused on the different games types. VPA was also lower than recorded in previous studies. PSPET’s accrued greater levels of MVPA/VPA in invasion games. Article visualizations:
From Entity Linking to Question Answering – Recent Progress on Semantic Grounding Tasks

Entity linking and semantic parsing have been shown to be crucial to important applications such as question answering and document understanding. These tasks often require structured learning models, which make predictions on multiple interdependent variables. In this talk, I argue that carefully designed structured learning algorithms play a central role in entity linking and semantic parsing tasks. In particular, I will present several new structured learning models for entity linking, which jointly detect mentions and disambiguate entities as well as capture non-textual information. I will then show how to use a staged search procedure to building a state-of-the-art knowledge base question answering system. Finally, if time permits, I will discuss different supervision protocols for training semantic parsers and the value of labeling semantic parses.
Smoking Behavior and Smoke Constituents from Cigarillos and Little Cigars.

OBJECTIVE Although most cigarillos and little cigars smokers also smoke cigarettes (dual use), there are few studies comparing toxicant exposure and smoking behavior in cigars and cigarettes. METHODS Two groups of dual users smoked their usual brand of cigarette and either a Winchester unflavored little cigar (N = 21) or a Black & Mild cigarillo (N = 23). Acute exposure of nicotine and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and puffing topography parameters were collected. Individual cigar puffing data were used to machine-replicate smoking for analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) in mainstream smoke. RESULTS There were significant differences in puff topography, plasma nicotine and exhaled CO after cigarettes, little cigars, and cigarillos. Puff topography differences between cigarillos and cigarettes were due to the difference in the size of the article. Mainstream cigar and cigarette smoke was qualitatively similar; the yield was dependent on the smoking behavior. When smoke yield was adjusted for weight of tobacco burned or puff volume, exposure differences decreased. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide range of delivery of both SVOC and VOC components of cigar and cigarillo smoke. The difference in exposure is largely dependent on the article size and the amount consumed.
Comparing inference methods for conditional random fields for hyperspectral image classification

Classification of hyperspectral images is an important method for various object-based-analysis applications in remote sensing. We propose a two-level learning algorithm combining Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to achieve accurate classification of hyperspectral images. The hyperspectral data is initially processed by SVMs into a local, pixel based classification which serves as the observations in the CRFs model for generating unary and pairwise potentials. Three inference algorithms: mean field, tree-reweighted belief propagation, and loopy belief propagation are compared in the CRF inference procedure. This two-step algorithm is tested with the publicly available AVIRIS Indian Pines data set, and results from the three listed inference methods are discussed.
A Nine-Item Questionnaire for Measuring the Social Disfordance of Mediated Social Touch Technologies

Mediated Social Touch (MST) technologies focus on enhancing a communication experience by sensing, transmitting, and simulating social touch between remote partners. With interest in developing MST technologies continuing to grow, it is important to create standardized methods for measuring the effect of these novel systems. We designed and validated a 9-item questionnaire to measure the "Social Disfordance" of Mediated Social Touch, with three scales that focus on Social Discomfort, Communicational Expressiveness, and Need for Additional Consideration. A high degree of "social disfordance" of an MST system signifies that it may not provide the appropriate social affordances for mediating touch in a particular context. The development of the Social Disfordance of Mediated Social Touch (SDMST) instrument included a systematic literature review, expert feedback, and think-out-loud piloting. Its refinement included an exploratory factor analysis with a subsequent reduction of questions and scales. We report its psychometric properties, including metrics of inter-item reliability, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity, confirming that these properties are sufficient for future use. We conclude with examples of scoring, appropriate use, and a discussion of the limitations.
Myelodysplasia and Myeloid Proliferations

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative disorders are uncommon in the pediatric age group, each constituting less than 5 % of all hematological malignancies. The annual incidence of MDS per million for children up to 14 years of age is 1.8. There are several differences in MDS observed in children and those in adults (discussed later) due to which the classification systems developed for adult MDS (Leukemia 18(12):2008–2014, 2004; Blood 100(7):2292–2302, 2002) are less relevant in children. In the 2008 WHO classification childhood MDS is classified as a separate group. A provisional category of refractory cytopenia of childhood has been introduced to accommodate the significant proportion of children who present with persistent, idiopathic neutropenia or thrombocytopenia in the absence of anemia (Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. World Health Organization classification of tumours, 2008). MDS associated with Down syndrome is categorized separately by the WHO as “myeloid proliferations related to Down syndrome.” Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia is rare in children, comprising 1–3 % of all childhood leukemias (Pediatrics 116(1):140–143, 2005). Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a MDS/MPN overlap neoplasm that occurs in children and adolescents with an annual incidence of 1.2 per million children up to 14 years of age.
Fighting prescription drug abuse with federal and state law

There are numerous state and federal laws designed to protect against misuse and diversion of prescription drugs that apply to patients' behavior, physicians' prescribing practices, and dispensing.
Nitrogen Nutrition of Winter Wheat

As wheat is one of the major agricultural crops in Europe (Table 1), its fertilizer requirements have been investigated intensively during the last decades (Scharpf and Wehrmann, 1975; Hanus, 1973; Viaux, 1980; Dilz, 1968; Ris et al., 1981; Laloux et al., 1975; Batey, 1976; Robinson, 1975). Indeed, experimental evidence has been acquired to quantify both sides of the input/output equation. The supply side consists of the inorganic nitrogen readily available in the soil profile together with an unknown amount to be mineralized during growth. On the other side is the N-demand by the crop, and this has become increasingly important within the last 15 years because of ever improving management of wheat growth (Fig. 1). This has resulted some 6 years ago in yields of 10 t ha-1 and more, first in the UK and the Schleswig-Holstein area of West Germany, then in other parts of Europe such as the Netherlands and Belgium, though not uniformly in all parts of Europe.
“And 1” More Piece of Evidence of Discrimination Against Black Basketball Players

The main goal of the current research was to investigate the personal fouls that were called against female basketball players who play for historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Ext...
Students' Use and Perceptions of the Relevance and Quality of Open Textbooks Compared to Traditional Textbooks in Online and Traditional Classroom Environments:

The bulk of previous research on students' perceptions of open educational resources have lacked a control group of students rating traditional textbooks. Moreover, few studies have examined differ...
An Unusual Hybrid Salivary Gland Tumor: Molecular Analysis Informs the Potential Pathogenesis of This Rare Neoplasm.

Background. The presence of two or more tumor entities growing in adjacent locations within the salivary gland is very rare, and pathologic studies on such lesions are limited, particularly those with molecular information. Since the clinical history and imaging studies are usually nonspecific, accurate diagnosis and clinical management largely depend on a thorough histological examination. Methods and Results. We describe a 71-year-old man with an unusual case of hybrid salivary gland tumor composed of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and basal cell adenoma. Molecular analysis revealed differing driver genetic alterations in each component. Conclusions. Hybrid salivary gland tumors are rare, and their pathogenesis is controversial. The combination of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and basal cell adenoma has not been previously described. While malignant transformation of adenoma to carcinoma seems plausible, gene sequencing was more suggestive of their independent derivation. Key to appropriate surgical management is identifying the more aggressive component, ideally at the time of intraoperative consultation.
Chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates coronary artery disease progression in transgenic hyperlipidemia-genetic hypertension rat model.

Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) has been associated with human coronary artery disease but causal relevance as a risk factor has not been shown. Several rabbit and mouse model studies demonstrate exacerbation of aortic atherosclerosis by Cpn, however impact of Cpn on coronary artery disease (CAD) and survival outcomes has not been shown. To study this, we used specific pathogen-free, inbred, transgenic-CAD Dahl salt-sensitive (S) hypertensive (Tg53) rats and control inbred, non-transgenic Dahl S (nonTg) rats to analyze the effects of Cpn infection on macrophage foam cell formation, coronary artery disease progression, and effect on survival. Cpn infection induced acceleration of foam cell formation in hyperlipidemic Tg53 recruited peritoneal macrophages. This effect is hyperlipidemia-dependent. The transcription profile of Tg53-Cpn macrophage foam cells is different from control mock-inoculated (Tg53-spg) and heat-inactivated (Tg53-iCpn) macrophages (ANOVA P < 0.0001). Decreased survival was detected in Tg53-Cpn compared with control nonTg-Cpn and mock-infected Tg53-mouse pneumonitic rats (P = 0.009) and was associated with “culprit” coronary plaques and left atrial thrombi. These data demonstrate that in the presence of significant hyperlipidemia and hypertension, one-time Cpn infection at 5 mo of age (associated with early CAD stage) accelerates progression to overt-CAD in the Tg53 rat model. The data support the hypothesis that untreated Cpn infection is a causal risk factor for CAD progression most likely mediated by Cpn-induced accelerated macrophage foam cell formation.
Selecting Features with Group-Sparse Nonnegative Supervised Canonical Correlation Analysis: Multimodal Prostate Cancer Prognosis

This paper presents Group-sparse Nonnegative supervised Canonical Correlation Analysis (GNCCA), a novel methodology for identifying discriminative features from multiple feature views. Existing correlation-based methods do not guarantee positive correlations of the selected features and often need a pre-feature selection step to reduce redundant features on each feature view. The new GNCCA approach attempts to overcome these issues by incorporating (1) a nonnegativity constraint that guarantees positive correlations in the reduced representation and (2) a group-sparsity constraint that allows for simultaneous between- and within- view feature selection. In particular, GNCCA is designed to emphasize correlations between feature views and class labels such that the selected features guarantee better class separability. In this work, GNCCA was evaluated on three prostate cancer (CaP) prognosis tasks: (i) identifying 40 CaP patients with and without 5-year biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy by fusing quantitative features extracted from digitized pathology and proteomics, (ii) predicting in vivo prostate cancer grade for 16 CaP patients by fusing T2w and DCE MRI, and (iii) localizing CaP/benign regions on MR spectroscopy and MRI for 36 patients. For the three tasks, GNCCA identifies a feature subset comprising 2%, 1% and 22%, respectively, of the original extracted features. These selected features achieve improved or comparable results compared to using all features with the same Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In addition, GNCCA consistently outperforms 5 state-of-the-art feature selection methods across all three datasets.
Increased Cellular Presence After Sciatic Neurectomy Improves the Bone Mechano-adaptive Response in Aged Mice

The mechano-adaptive response of bone to loading in the murine uniaxial tibial loading model is impaired in aged animals. Previous studies have shown that in aged mice, the amount of bone formed in response to loading is augmented when loads are applied following sciatic neurectomy. The synergistic effect of neurectomy and loading remains to be elucidated. We hypothesize that sciatic neurectomy increases cellular presence, thereby augmenting the response to load in aged mice. We examined bone adaptation in four groups of female C57BL/6J mice, 20–22 months old: (1) sham surgery + 9N loading; (2) sciatic neurectomy, sacrificed after 5 days; (3) sciatic neurectomy, sacrificed after 19 days; (4) sciatic neurectomy + 9N loading. We examined changes in bone cross sectional properties with micro-CT images, and static and dynamic histomorphometry with histological sections taken at the midpoint between tibiofibular junctions. The response to loading at 9N was not detectable with quantitative micro-CT data, but surface-specific histomorphometry captured an increase in bone formation in specific regions. 5 days following sciatic neurectomy, the amount of bone in the neurectomized leg was the same as the contralateral leg, but 19 days following sciatic neurectomy, there was significant bone loss in the neurectomized leg, and both osteoclasts and osteoblasts were recruited to the endosteal surfaces. When sciatic neurectomy and loading at 9N were combined, 3 out of 4 bone quadrants had increased bone formation, on the endosteal and periosteal surfaces (increased osteoid surface and mineralizing surface respectively). These data demonstrate that sciatic neurectomy increases cellular presence on the endosteal surface. With long-term sciatic-neurectomy, both osteoclasts and osteoblasts were recruited to the endosteal surface, which resulted in increased bone formation when combined with a sufficient mechanical stimulus. Controlled and localized recruitment of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts combined with appropriate mechanical loading could inform therapies for mechanically-directed bone formation.
Assessment of indoor volatile organic compounds in Head Start child care facilities

Abstract Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in child care environments has raised a public concern. This study aimed to characterize indoor VOCs in four facilities of Head Start programs in Kansas city, Missouri, investigate seasonal and spatial variations in VOC levels, and assess health risks associated with children's VOC exposure. In total, 49 VOCs including aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, glycol ethers, esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons were identified and quantified in the facilities. Significant differences were noted for the VOC concentrations among the facilities. Toluene was the most abundant aromatic hydrocarbon detected in all the air samples, with a narrow median concentration range of 2.17–3.07 μg/m3. 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol never reported in prior research was detected in only one facility in this study, with the median (range) concentration of 0.83 (
Intraoperative neuromonitoring for one-level lumbar discectomies is low yield and cost-ineffective.

Abstract Background Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a common, well-established modality used in spine surgery to prevent intraoperative neural injury. Neuromonitoring use in lumbar discectomy, however, is based on surgeon preference, without evidence-based data. The purpose of this research was to determine intraoperative utility and overall cost effectiveness of neuromonitoring for lumbar discectomy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed adult patients who underwent a lumbar discectomy, with at least 1 month of follow-up at a single tertiary care center. Patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), lumbar level operated, and operative time and cost were collected. Neuromonitoring and operative reports were reviewed for any electromyography (EMG) abnormalities noted intraoperatively, pre- and post-operative motor exam and post-operative pain relief were collected. Results Ninety-one (47 with and 44 without neuromonitoring) lumbar discectomy cases were reviewed. There was no significant difference between mean age, sex, and BMI between the two groups. There was a significant (p = 0.006) increase in operating room time (174 min; with vs. 144 min; without neuromonitoring). Neuromonitoring was associated with a significant (p = 0.006) overall operative cost ($21,949; with vs. $18,064; without). Of the 47 cases with neuromonitoring; one had abnormal intraoperative EMG activity, which returned to normal by case conclusion. No patient in either group demonstrated new post-operative motor weakness. There was no difference in the number of patients who endorsed post-operative pain relief between the two groups. Conclusions Neuromonitoring for lumbar discectomy confers greater operative time and cost, without any difference in neurological outcome.
Nutrition and Glucose Management

Nutritional adequacy is frequently compromised after brain injury, consequent to initial pathology as well as iatrogenic factors. This also compromises fluid handling, pharmacodynamics, and subsequent wound healing. Early feeding improves outcomes, with the jejunal route offering greater success but more complexity in placement. Motility disorders are common but significantly compromise physiology, while stress gastric erosion remains a significant risk. Refeeding syndrome is a risk in cases of malnutrition. Hyperglycemia has adverse effects, but interventions and the precise thresholds for these remain uncertain. Immune-enhancing formulas can reduce infection rates. Combination therapies of vitamins and trace elements offer possibilities for improvement.
Material removal for small compressions on fused silica on an OptiPro UltraForm Finishing machine

An OptiPro UltraForm Finisher 300 (UFF) was used to produce removal spots on Fused Silica ground surfaces. The goal of this research was to assess the relationship between Belt Compression (μm) and Material Removal Rate (mm3/min) for compressions ranging from 2 to 100 μm. With this data the validity of the Preston Equation for these small compressions was also assessed. The data displays trends for the dependence on compression of Material Removal Rate (MRR), and spot dimensions—Spot Depth, Spot Length, and Spot Width. Compressions ranging from 2 to 25 μm require further investigation to establish clearer correlations.
Using High-Speed Nasopharyngoscopy to Quantify the Bubbling Above the Velopharyngeal Valve in Cases of Nasal Rustle.

Objective:The loud and severely distorting form of audible nasal emission (commonly known as nasal turbulence or nasal rustle) typically occurs with a small velopharyngeal opening during production...
A Multiweek Project Examining the Chemotactic Behavior of Tetrahymena in an Undergraduate Biology Laboratory.

A multi-week laboratory project has been developed to incorporate elements of student investigation, chemotactic behavior of protists, and genetic effects on chemotactic activity of Tetrahymena. The chemotaxis assay is based on spectrophotometric detection of protist-induced light scattering as cells migrate into a density gradient containing a known attractant. The three-week project consists of an introductory chemotaxis assay, investigation of dose-response effects, and culminates with the exploration of a Tetrahymena genetic mutant with known defects in motility. Additionally, this project incorporates a microscopic investigation of cellular structure and swimming behavior of mutant and wild-type cells. Students have responded well to the nature of the project, displaying clear understanding of the mechanism of the assay as well as the response of the protists to environmental manipulation and the molecular defects in the mutant cells.
121 – Ste24 protease

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the activity, specificity and structural chemistry of ste24protease. The STE24 gene product plays two distinct proteolytic roles in the a-factor biogenesis pathway, one inC-terminal modification and another in N-terminal cleavage. Consistent with its proposed proteolytic functions, Ste24p possesses a consensus HEXXH zinc-metalloprotease motif. A notable feature of Ste24p that sets it apart from most other zinc metalloproteases is that it contains multiple membrane spans. Reconstitution studies in vitro utilizing crude Ste24p-containing membranes have confirmed that active Ste24p is indeed membrane associated and is required for dual roles in -factor processing. The proof for whether Ste24p acts directly as the -factor protease or indirectly to activate a downstream protease has awaited the purification of Ste24p. Ste24p is a 52 kDa integral membrane protein that resides in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, along with two other CaaX-processing components, Rce lp and Ste 14p. Hydropathy analysis predicts that Ste24p may span the ER membrane seven times. Protease protection studies with microsomes containing N- or C-terminally epitope-tagged versions of Ste24p have demonstrated that the N-terminus of Ste24p is luminally disposed while the C-terminus is cytosolically disposed.
Examining effectiveness of online teaching modules on Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) for guiding young children’s behavior: student and instructor perspectives

How can online modules be used to teach undergraduate students or pre-service teachers the principles of Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) for guiding young children’s behavior? To examin...
Simulation Technologies for Integrated Energy Systems Engineering and Operations.

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has recently received funding to explore integrated energy systems (IES) such as joint electricity-hydrogen production and the implications for control room operations of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Work is needed to identify how such a system would integrate with a nuclear power plant and how reactor operators would safely and reliably manage the integrated system during normal and abnormal conditions. INL is making use of simulation technologies to address both of these questions. The Human Systems Simulation Laboratory (HSSL) is adapting GSES’ Generic Pressurized Water Reactor (gPWR), a full-scale full-scope simulator, to model the extraction system of a joint electricity-hydrogen production NPP. Here we design and evaluate a preliminary human system interface (HSI) for the steam extraction system.
A failure innovation strategy of acquisition during excess capacity: financial approach based on case study at the state-owned cement holding PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

This research aims to prove that wide gap between theories and practices in terms of acquisition that should be positive to drive performance of the acquirer but the distinctive things happened in Indonesia was not according to the preliminary design planned. The failure acquisition of Semen Indonesia (SMGR) over Holcim Indonesia (SMCB) in 2018 due to what had been done during excessive capacity should be priority to strengthen interns than acting to intervene outside. This study elaborates a case study, mixed-type research, and presents by explanatory design. It comes to find that acquisition during excess capacity is a failure step taken by PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Many corporate steps are taken to a polish performance of the SMCB-acquiree but so far failing and endangering the whole performance. To compensate and withhold the climb-down due to oversupply, the management engineering of market intervention had been done. Big portions of market’s regions previously belong to SMGR had been handed over to SMCB to help increase its performance. The forced switching to polishing SBI’s performance is hurting all of the holding’s members. SBI enjoys improving market but at the same time endangers the performance of the whole groups of holdings. This research contributes to updating the present development of recent corporate actions of popular merger and acquisition are both previously labeled as the best corporate strategy for decades.
Post-Pandemic Privacy Law

COVID-19, the global pandemic that began in 2019, altered how we live our lives in just about every way imaginable. Some of those changes were obvious — for example, those who were fortunate enough to be able to work from home began working online — while other changes were more subtle. The latter category included unprecedented levels of data collection by governments and organizations purporting to collect information that would help stop the pandemic’s spread. Given the deadly nature of COVID-19, few would question any public health efforts, no matter their impact on privacy. However, the lack of attention to privacy issues during the pandemic can and will have long-ranging effects that will lead to greater losses of privacy in the future, post-pandemic world. This Article analyzes privacy issues in this pandemic and offers a novel framework for crafting legislation during and after this pandemic to protect privacy. The Article takes a unique socio-legal approach in contextualizing privacy-related issues arising from this time of public health crisis, examining the impact of the coronavirus itself as well as contemporaneous social issues in America that have shaped the way we must think about privacy moving forward (primarily focusing on political unrest related to the 2020 election and growing tensions involving racism and discrimination). Ultimately, the Article proposes a framework that post-pandemic privacy law should follow and provides tangible legal and policy solutions, including a federal privacy law, updates to existing legislation to reflect specific privacy considerations, and focus on privacy as an integral part of foreign policy. Finally, the Article evaluates select privacy-related legislation that the U.S. Congress has proposed to date in light of the Article’s proposed framework and recommendations.
Engineered pH-Sensitive Protein G/IgG Interaction

While natural protein-protein interactions have evolved to be induced by complex stimuli, rational design of interactions that can be switched-on-demand still remain challenging in the protein design world. Here, we demonstrate that a computationally redesigned natural interface for improved binding affinity could further be mutated to adopt a pH switchable interaction. The redesigned interface of Protein G/human IgG Fc domain (referred to as PrG/hIgG), when incorporated with histidine and glutamic acid on PrG (PrG-EHHE), showed a switch in binding affinity by 50-fold when the pH was altered from mild acidic to mild basic. The wild-type (WT) interface showed a negligible switch. The overall binding affinity under mild acidic pH for PrG-EHHE outperformed the wild-type PrG (PrG-WT) interaction. The new reagent PrG-EHHE can be revolutionary in IgG purification, since the standard method of using an extreme acidic pH for elution can be circumvented.
Distributed Event-Based Consensus Control for an Asynchronous Multi-Agent System with Sensor Measurement Delays, Event-detecting Delays and Communication Delays

In this paper, we study an event-triggered consensus problem for a distributed first-order multi-agent system (MAS) considering three types of time delays. Each agent periodically and asynchronously samples its state with sensor measurement delays and calculates the integral-type triggering condition with event-detecting delays. The agent determines to sample its state again and to broadcast the data to neighbors if the triggering condition is satisfied, and controllers of the agent and its neighbors are updated with networked communication delays. We provide a sufficient condition for guaranteeing the average consensus for the MAS, and stability analysis is conducted by using Lyapunov approach. Numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
The gendered practices of the upwardly mobile in India

Abstract This study examines the relationship between economic mobility and the practice of female seclusion in Indian households using the India Human Development Survey (IHDS), a nationally representative panel survey. Women from households which became wealthier between survey waves were found to have increased restrictions on their physical mobility as well as higher odds of practicing head-covering or purdah. These results held even after the inclusion of controls for changes in household composition, health of the woman, and her labor force participation. Stratified fixed effects regression analyses revealed that mobility-induced female seclusion was primarily practiced in poorer communities, in rural areas, and among the less-educated. The findings suggest that economically mobile households may use female seclusion as a strategy to signal household status.
1.1.4 Pioneer 10 Observations of Zodiacal Light Brightness near the Ecliptic: Changes with Heliocentric Distance

Sky maps made by the Pioneer 10 Imaging Photopolarimeter (IPP) at sun-spacecraft distances from 1 to 3 AU have been analyzed to derive the brightness of the zodiacal light near the ecliptic at elongations greater than 90 degrees. The change in zodiacal light brightness with heliocentric distance is compared with models of the spatial distribution of the dust. Use of background starlight brightnesses derived from IPP measurements beyond the asteroid belt, where the zodiacal light is not detected, and, especially, use of a corrected calibration lead to considerably lower values for zodiacal light than those reported by us previously.
Reimagining Europe: Discussing Rus’ in a Wider Context

Reimagining Europe has generated a great deal of discussion among historians for its portrayal of the medieval kingdom of Rus' as part of the larger medieval European world. In this article, the author, Christian Raffensperger, responds to some of that discussion as a way to contextualize Reimagining Europe in the scholarship as a whole, as well as in regard to the particular comments offered as a part of this forum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Social Citizenship and Workfare in the United States and Western Europe: The Paradox of Inclusion

Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. The American Welfare Reform: 'Ending welfare as we know it': The 'undeserving poor' 'Ending welfare as we know it' The 'work first' strategy The low-wage labor market The work experience of welfare recipients The attitudes of welfare recipients The decline in the welfare rolls and poverty The future Recommendations to make welfare really work Social citizenship in the US Some lessons from the American experience that might be applicable to Western Europe 3. The European welfare states: social citizenship in the golden age The challenge of unemployment The impact on labor Vulnerable groups: the socially excluded Poverty Right, center and left - questioning the welfare state The 'third way': from status to contract 4. Workfare in western Europe: the United Kingdom Ireland Sweden Norway Denmark The Netherlands France Germany Risks for the socially excluded 5. Social Europe: alternatives? Conclusions? Solutions? Part A. Social Europe: convergence vs. path-dependent Negative vs. positive integration Part B. Reform at the national level Part C. Those who remain.
Characteristics of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Source for the Production of Active Nitrogen Species in III-V Nitride Epitaxy

A simple analysis is provided to determine the characteristics of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source for the generation of active nitrogen species in the molecular beam epitaxy of III-V nitrides. The effects of reactor geometry, pressure, power, and flow rate on the dissociation efficiency and ion flux are presented. Pulsing the input power is proposed to reduce the ion flux.