cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neonatal intracranial-intraocular hemorrhage “Terson syndrome”: A case report and review of the literature

Terson syndrome is the occurrence of intraocular hemorrhage secondary to intracranial hemorrhage. Here we describe an infant with retinal hemorrhage attributed to a middle cerebral artery infarction and provide a review of previously reported cases of neonatal Terson syndrome in the literature. These cases highlight the need for early ophthalmologic evaluation in infants with significant intracranial hemorrhage to screen for Terson syndrome.
Abnormal infant pulmonary function in young children with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy.

Rationale Lung function in children with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) and correlations with future clinical outcomes are needed to guide clinical management. Objective To compare results of infant pulmonary function tests (IPFTs) in children with NEHI to disease control (DC) subjects and to correlate NEHI IPFTs with future outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective, single center study of IPFT in subjects diagnosed by lung biopsy (NEHI) or clinically (NEHI syndrome) and in DC subjects evaluated for cancer or pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC) and plethysmography were performed on all infants and evaluated for quality. Standard spirometry measures, room air oxygen saturations (RA O2 sat), and weight percentiles were collected during follow up. Measurements and Main Results Fifty-seven IPFTs were performed in 15 NEHI, 22 NEHI syndrome, and 20 DC subjects. RVRTC and FRC measurements were obtained in 85% or more of subjects in all groups. Significant airflow limitation (FEV0.5 P-value ≤ 0.01) and air trapping (FRC P-value ≤ 0.01) were seen in NEHI and NEHI syndrome subjects compared to DCs. No significant correlations were found between IPFT, oxygen use, RA O2 sat, and weight at the time of the IPFTs. Initial FEV0.5 and FRC z-scores correlated with RA O2 sat (r = 0.60 and −0.49) at short-term follow up (6–12 months). Most measurements of RVRTC correlated with FEV1 (n = 5) measured 4–5 years later (r > 0.50). Conclusions IPFTs in NEHI subjects are feasible, demonstrate significant obstruction and air trapping, and correlate with future RA O2 sat and FEV1. IPFTs may provide valuable clinical information when caring for NEHI patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1008–1015. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
System Dynamics Understanding in Projects: Information Sharing, Psychological Safety, and Performance Effects

Systems thinking has proven useful in project management planning activities and has been suggested as a critical driver of a range of beneficial organizational behaviors. Yet, empirical evidence on the myriad of ways in which systems thinking can impact internal project dynamics and performance remains limited. This study focuses on one aspect of systems thinking in particular: the ability to recognize and understand the dynamics of systems and their features (e.g., feedback and delay). It makes use of a unique, large-scale interview data set along with objective and structured survey data drawn from multiple sources associated with supply chain system implementation projects. Analysis suggests that an individual's understanding of system dynamics as well as the similarity of such understanding to that typical of their team is, in fact, a strong predictor of both perceptions of psychological safety and information sharing quality in project work. These outcomes appear to mediate the relationship between system dynamics understanding and performance.
Using leader-based communication to improve the scalability of single-round group membership algorithms

Sigma, the first single-round group membership (GM) algorithm, was recently introduced and demonstrated to operate consistently with theoretical expectations in a simulated WAN environment. Sigma achieved similar quality of membership configurations as existing algorithms but required fewer message exchange rounds. We now consider Sigma in terms of scalability. Sigma involves all-to-all (A2A) type of communication among members. A2A protocols have been shown to perform worse than leader-based (LB) protocols in certain networks, due to greater message overhead and higher likelihood of message loss. Thus, although LB protocols often involve additional communication steps, they can be more efficient in practice, particularly in fault-prone networks with large numbers of participating nodes. In this paper, we present Leader-Based Sigma, which transforms the original all-to-all version into a more scalable centralized communication scheme, and discuss the rounds vs. messages tradeoff involved in optimizing GM algorithms for deployment in large-scale, fault-prone dynamic network environments.
An exhibit of designing

Abstract In the late 1970s, Darke proposed a model of the design process based on interviews with architects which she called ‘generator-conjecture-analysis’. Though her original intent was to describe how architects design, the model she presented has implications that go further afield. The present author explored this model in performing an actual design and found that the generator-conjecture-analysis cycle occurred many times and characterized the designing event. These observations are documented and compared with others found in the literature; a correspondence appears evident.
Steady-State Plasma Membrane Expression of Human Cytomegalovirus gB Is Determined by the Phosphorylation State of Ser900

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of an astrocytoma cell line (U373) or human fibroblast (HF) cells results in a differential cell distribution of the major envelope glycoprotein gB (UL55). This 906-amino-acid type I glycoprotein contains an extracellular domain with a signal sequence, a transmembrane domain, and a 135-amino-acid cytoplasmic tail with a consensus casein kinase II (CKII) site located at Ser900. Since phosphorylation of proteins in the secretory pathway is an important determinant of intracellular trafficking, the state of gB phosphorylation in U373 and HF cells was examined. Analysis of cells expressing wild-type gB and gB with site-specific mutations indicated that the glycoprotein was equally phosphorylated at a single site, Ser900, in both U373 and HF cells. To assess the effect of charge on gB surface expression in U373 cells, Ser900 was replaced with an aspartate (Asp) or alanine (Ala) residue to mimic the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated states, respectively. Expression of the Asp but not the Ala gB mutation resulted in an increase in the steady-state expression of gB at the plasma membrane (PM) in U373 cells. In addition, treatment of U373 cells with the phosphatase inhibitor tautomycin resulted in the accumulation of gB at the PM. Interestingly, the addition of a charge at Ser900 trapped gB in a low-level cycling pathway at the PM, preventing trafficking of the protein to the trans-Golgi network or other intracellular compartments. Therefore, these results suggest that a tautomycin-sensitive phosphatase regulates cell-specific PM retrieval of gB to intracellular compartments.
Credit spreads in the market for highly leveraged transaction loans

This paper is an empirical exploration of the determinants of the required credit spreads on highly leveraged transaction (HLT) loans. The analysis uses a multi-factor spread model to estimate the movement of loan spreads relative to spreads required in the (competing) corporate bond market as well as the significance of loan-specific characteristics in determining loan spreads. The empirical estimates are based on the Loan Pricing Corporation’s database which consists of over 4000 loan transactions between 1987 and 1994. We find a positive HLT loan spread sensitivity to changes in spreads in the corporate bond market, but this sensitivity is significantly less than unity; indicating that the HLT loan market and high yield public debt market are not fully integrated. Furthermore, there is evidence that lenders augment, rather than substitute, loan yield spreads with additional fees for syndication, commitment and cancellation risks. In general syndicated loans have lower yield spreads than other HLT loan types. ” 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Jitter and phase noise in ring oscillators

A companion analysis of clock jitter and phase noise of single-ended and differential ring oscillators is presented. The impulse sensitivity functions are used to derive expressions for the jitter and phase noise of ring oscillators. The effect of the number of stages, power dissipation, frequency of oscillation, and short-channel effects on the jitter and phase noise of ring oscillators is analyzed. Jitter and phase noise due to substrate and supply noise is discussed, and the effect of symmetry on the upconversion of 1/f noise is demonstrated. Several new design insights are given for low jitter/phase-noise design. Good agreement between theory and measurements is observed.
Atrial Bigeminy Results in Decreased Left Ventricular Function: An Insight into the Mechanism of PVC‐Induced Cardiomyopathy

Background: Premature ventricular complexes have been recently recognized as a reversible cause of cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study was to determine if premature complexes independent of “dyssynchrony” resulted in increased left ventricular (LV) dimensions and decreased LV function. Methods: Ten mongrel dogs underwent the implantation of a pacemaker and were randomized to a control group (n = 5) or a paced group (n = 5). In the paced group, the pacemaker was connected to two endocardial atrial leads, one inserted into the atrial port and the other one into the ventricular port with an atrioventricular delay adjusted to ensure the presence of coupled pacing simulating atrial bigeminy with conducted beats in the absence of aberrancy. Echocardiographic parameters of LV size (LV end-diastolic diameter [LV-EDD], LV end-systolic diameter [LV-ESD]), and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of monitoring (control group) or pacing (paced group). Results: In the control group, LV size decreased with no significant changes in LVEF: 55% at baseline versus 70% at 4 weeks (P = 0.23). In the paced group, LV-EDD decreased with no significant change in LV-ESD. Unlike the control group, LVEF decreased significantly from 69 ± 9% at baseline to 32 ± 22% after 4 weeks of pacing (P = 0.05). Conclusion: We have shown that 4 weeks of coupled pacing simulating atrial bigeminy significantly reduced LV function. Our findings suggest that premature complexes independent of ventricular dyssynchrony might lead to the development of cardiomyopathy. (PACE 2012; 35:1232–1235)
Monoamine Neurons Innervating the Hippocampal Formation and Septum: Organization and Response to Injury

The development of the concept of chemical transmission at the synapse and its application to the central nervous system has resulted in remarkable advances in our understanding of brain structure, function, and pathology. Among these, it has provided a basis for characterizing neuronal systems other than on morphological criteria. The utility of this characterization is best exemplified by our current knowledge of catecholamine and indolamine neuron systems in the mammalian brain. The presence of an indolamine (5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin) and catecholamines (norepinephrine, dopamine) in brain in a nonuniform pattern was first established 20 years ago (Twarog and Page, 1953; Amin et al., 1954; Bogdanski et al., 1957; Bertler and Rosengren, 1959) and led to the proposal that these compounds serve as chemical mediators of synaptic transmission (Amin et al., 1954; Vogt, 1954; Brodie and Shore, 1957). Subsequent studies in which brain amine content was analyzed following placement of localized destructive lesions indicated an association of specific neuron systems, particularly the medial forebrain bundle, with these putative neurotransmitters (Heller et al., 1962; Heller and Moore, 1968). It was not until the development of a specific and sensitive histochemical procedure for the intraneuronal localization of indolamines and catecholamines, the Falck-Hillarp method (Falck et al., 1962; Carlsson et al., 1962; Falck, 1962; Corrodi and Jonsson, 1967; Bjorklund et al., 1972), however, that significant advances were made in analyzing the specific neuronal systems which produce serotonin and catecholamines in brain.
Narrating the Transgressive Self

Since Augustine penned his Confessions, authors of memoirs describing their transgressive behavior have teetered on a balance beam between telling an interesting, exciting, naughty story, and exculpating their character for their participation in it, through the use of deviance neutralizing devices; here sociologist Erich Goode explains how this balancing act is accomplished.
On the interactions of N,N′-bismesitylimidazolin-2-yl and alcohols

Abstract The interaction of N,N′-bismesitylimidazolin-2-yl (IMes) with alcohols is discussed. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography were used to examine the influence of solvent and alcohol on this interaction. The stabilizing effect of these interactions may be used for the storage of nitrogen–heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) since removal of the volatiles liberates the NHC.
LABORATORY TOXICITY AND FIELD EFFICACY OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES AGAINST FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) 1

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is an occasional but often serious pest of several row crops in the southern U.S., including cotton, field corn, and grain sorghum. The objective of these studies was to generate baseline dose-mortality responses for fall armyworm larvae in laboratory bioassays, to confirm field efficacy against natural infestations, and to determine residual efficacy of selected insecticides. These studies evaluated 4 recently developed insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide, and spinetoram) and 5 commercial standards (indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, methoxyfenozide, novaluron, and spinosad). In diet-incorporated assays, the LC50 values of chlorantranilprole and spinetoram were significantly lower than the LC50's of all other insecticides. The results of a field trial against a native fall armyworm infestation in grain sorghum indicated that chlorantraniliprole reduced the number of infested whorls below that in the non-treated contr...
The investment climate and the firm : firm-level evidence from China

The importance of a country's "investment climate" for economic growth has recently received much attention. A contribution of this paper is to address the general lack of appropriate data for measuring the investment climate and its effects. In this paper we use a new survey of 1500 Chinese enterprises in five cities to more precisely define and measure components of the investment climate, highlight the importance of firm-level data for rigorous analysis of the investment climate, and investigate empirically the effects of this comprehensive set of measures on firm performance in China. Overall, our firm-level analysis reveals that the main determinants of firm performance in China are international integration, entry and exit, labor market issues, technology use, and access to external finance.
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function

Summary Background Chronic sleep debt is becoming increasingly common and affects millions of people in more-developed countries. Sleep debt is currently believed to have no adverse effect on health. We investigated the effect of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine functions. Methods We assessed carbohydrate metabolism, thyrotropic function, activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and sympathovagal balance in 11 young men after time in bed had been restricted to 4 h per night for 6 nights. We compared the sleep-debt condition with measurements taken at the end of a sleep-recovery period when participants were allowed 12 h in bed per night for 6 nights. Findings Glucose tolerance was lower in the sleep-debt condition than in the fully rested condition (p Interpretation Sleep debt has a harmful impact on carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine function. The effects are similar to those seen in normal ageing and, therefore, sleep debt may increase the severity of age-related chronic disorders.
The island of Calleja complex of rat basal forebrain. I. Light and electron microscopic observations

An analysis of the cells and their processes within the island of Calleja complexes (ICC) was made in light and electron microscopic preparations to determine synaptic relationships within this part of the basal forebrain. The light microscopic preparations showed that the ICC contained two cell types, granule cells and large cells. In electron microscopic preparations, the somata of granule cells were grouped together and were directly apposed to other somata of granule cells. Specialized junctions (4-6 nm wide) that occurred at sites of somal apposition suggested ephaptic coupling of granule cells. The granule cell somata had nuclei that contained clumps of heterochromatin adjacent to smooth nuclear envelopes. The perikaryal cytoplasm of these cells consisted of a relatively thin rim containing few organelles. Spinous dendrites of small diameter were occasionally found in continuity with these cells. Axon terminals rarely formed synapses with the somata of granule cells, but were more frequently found to synapse on their dendrites and dendritic spines. These features for granule cells are similar to those for medium-sized spiny neurons in the neostriatum. The somata of the large cells were found either within the core or along the dorsal margin of the ICC. The large cells had infolded nuclei and an abundant perikaryal cytoplasm that contained many organelles. Large diameter dendrites that tapered down to smaller diameters emanated in many directions from these somata. Axon terminals covered nearly the entire surface of these somata and dendrites where they commonly formed symmetric synaptic junctions. These characteristics of large cells indicate a resemblance to the large cells in the globus pallidus and ventral pallidum. Therefore, the ICC have ultrastructural features found in both the neostriatum and globus pallidus.
Dual-mode vertical membrane resonant pressure sensor

This paper presents a novel dual-mode resonant pressure sensor operating based on mass loading of air molecules on transversely resonating vertical silicon membranes. Two silicon bulk acoustic resonators (SiBAR) are acoustically coupled through thin vertical membranes, resulting in two high-g resonance modes with small frequency split, but large difference in pressure sensitivity. The membranes are designed to couple 180° out-of-phase vibrations of piezoelectrically-transduced SiBARs through pressure-insensitive extensional Lamb waves and without changing their resonance frequency. The in-phase vibrations, on the other hand, induce a high-order pressure-sensitive transverse flexural resonance in vertical membranes while slightly changing the resonance frequency of SiBAR due to stiffness and mass loading. A combinatorial of the two modes is used as a pressure sensor with an amplified sensitivity. A proof-of-concept device implemented on a 20 μm silicon substrate and activated by a thin aluminum nitride film shows a combinatorial beat frequency (fb) of 1.3 MHz with a linear pressure sensitivity of 346 ppm/kPa over 0-100kPa range.
On the Rate of Convergence of Discrete-Time Contingent Claims

This paper characterizes the rate of convergence of discrete-time multinomial option prices. We show that the rate of convergence depends on the smoothness of option payoff functions, and is much lower than commonly believed because option payoff functions are often of all-or-nothing type and are not continuously differentiable. To improve the accuracy, we propose two simple methods, an adjustment of the discrete-time solution prior to maturity and smoothing of the payoff function, which yield solutions that converge to their continuous-time limit at the maximum possible rate enjoyed by smooth payoff functions. We also propose an intuitive approach that systematically derives multinomial models by matching the moments of a normal distribution. A highly accurate trinomial model also is provided for interest rate derivatives. Numerical examples are carried out to show that the proposed methods yield fast and accurate results.
Ground Testing of a Compression Mass Gauge

The development and design of a cryogenic liquid quantity gauge for low-g applications is described. The gauge, named the Compression Mass Gauge (CMG), operates on the principle of slightly changing the volume of the tank by an oscillating bellows. The resulting pressure change is measured and related by thermodynamics to the volume of vapor in the tank, from which the volume of liquid is computed. Data at several bellows frequencies are obtained to enable minor real-gas effects to be quantified and thereby to obtain a target gauging accuracy of ±2% of tank volume, depending on the tank fill level. A development unit was fabricated using flight-approvable mechanical components for the in-tank hardware in conjunction with commercially available controllers. Test results at room temperature and in a liquid nitrogen environment confirm the predicted measurement uncertainty for the laboratory test conditions. The measurement uncertainty anticipated for flight conditions in spacecraft tank sizes is projected from the mathematical model of the ground test article.
Conversion of nicotine into nornicotine and N-methylmyosmine by fungi.

Several species of fungi were tested for their abilities to degrade (S)-nicotine, of which Pelliculariafilamentosa JTS-208, the pathogen of tobacco damping off disease, and Cunninghamella echinulata IFO-4444, a saprophyte, were found to be able to degrade nicotine. P. filamentosa JTS-208 accumulated nornicotine only in the nicotine medium. C. echinulata IFO-4444 accumulated nornicotine and N-methylmyosmine, the first fungal metabolite, and three unidentified compounds.
Zeeman Effect of Gold

The Zeeman effects of Au i and Au ii have been investigated in the region of λλ 2400 A to 6500 A for a magnetic field strength of about 38 000 gauss. The work of Symons and Daley has been confirmed and somewhat extended for Au i. Unfortunately, most of the Au ii patterns were triplets and hence of little value. Some doubt is cast on existing classification of Au ii by the persistent appearance of the lines λλ 5354, 5380, and 5427 which come out as strong, well-resolved patterns on the plates, so that g and J values could be found. These lines are members of a multiplet, the transitions occurring between levels J=0, 1, 2 and the level J=1, g=1.78.
Phosphorylation of serine 2 within the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain couples transcription and 3'-end processing

Abstract The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains a unique C-terminal domain important for coupling of transcription and mRNA processing. This domain consists of a repeated heptameric sequence (YSPTSPS) phosphorylated at serines 2 and 5. Serine 5 is phosphorylated during initiation and recruits capping enzyme. Serine 2 is phosphorylated during elongation by the Ctk1 kinase, a protein similar to mammalian Cdk9/P-TEFb. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to map positions of transcription elongation and mRNA processing factors in strains lacking Ctk1. Ctk1 is not required for association of elongation factors with transcribing polymerase. However, in ctk1Δ strains, the recruitment of polyadenylation factors to 3′ regions of genes is disrupted and changes in 3′ ends are seen. Therefore, Serine 2 phosphorylation by Ctk1 recruits factors for cotranscriptional 3′ end processing in vivo.
Building Technical Capital Among Community College Students in Advanced Technological Education

This dissertation is comprised of three papers that address the following question: What is the role of problem-oriented pedagogical strategies in affecting professional identities among community college students in advanced technological education? Paper one explores community college student perspectives on ill-structured projects. It has been submitted to the Journal of Engineering Education. Paper two identifies the positive impact of ill-structured problems on student professional identities. It has been submitted to the Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning. Paper three examines whether well-structured problem-oriented learning has an impact on students’ professional identities. It has been submitted to the Journal of Technology Education.
Tuning the activities and structures of enzymes bound to graphene oxide with a protein glue.

Graphene oxide (GO) is being investigated extensively for enzyme and protein binding, but many enzymes bound to GO denature considerably and lose most of their activities. A simple, novel, and efficient approach is described here for improving the structures and activities of enzymes bound to GO such that bound enzymes are nearly as active as those of the corresponding unbound enzymes. Our strategy is to preadsorb highly cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA) to passivate GO, and cBSA/GO (bGO) served as an excellent platform for enzyme binding. The binding of met-hemoglobin, glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, BSA, catalase, lysozyme, and cytochrome c indicated improved binding, structure retention, and activities. Nearly 100% of native-like structures of all the seven proteins/enzymes were noted at near monolayer formation of cBSA on GO (400% w/w), and all bound enzymes indicated 100% retention of their activities. A facile, benign, simple, and general method has been developed for the biofunctional...
The insufficiency of associative learning for explaining development: three challenges to the associative account

Three challenges to the sufficiency of the associative account for explaining the development of mirror mechanisms are discussed: Genetic predispositions interact with associative learning, infants show predispositions to imitate human as opposed to nonhuman actions, and early and later learning involve different mechanisms. Legitimate objections to an extreme nativist account are raised, but the proposed solution is equally problematic.
Time-Resolved Measurements of Cellular Separation on a Stalling Airfoil

The morphology of spanwise cellular patterns observed in the post-stall flow over wings with trailing-edge separation is the focus of the current investigation. Commonly termed stall cells, the time-averaged flow field takes on the appearance of a mushroom shape in the wall shear pattern. Much like the dynamics of a separation bubble, important unstable effects apparently underlie the formation of stall cells, given that they appear within a relatively narrow angle of attack range on wings. The phenomenon is explored in the shallow stall regime using a rectangular NACA 0015 airfoil of aspect ratio 2.78 at a chord Reynolds number of 560,000. Time-resolved, planar particle image velocimetry measurements acquired at 3.0 kHz are presented to characterize the cell shear layer dynamics. Surface oil particle visualizations using a high-speed camera are also presented to capture the evolution of the cell pattern in a blowdown wind tunnel from flow startup to steady-state.
Thermal Wave Characterization of Glass-Bonded Alumina

We present the results of a study of glass-bonded Al2O3 with controlled composition and particle size using photoacoustic thermal wave nondestructive evaluation. Experimental results are related to particle size, density, porosity, and thermal properties of the materials.
Strategic Thinking And Contemporary Business - Thoughts From An Ancient Indian Thinker:

Business strategists are well aware of the work of Italian statesman Machiavelli and Chinese scholar Sun Tzu. Their books are increasingly read and appreciated by researchers and managers around th...
Frequency-dependent scaling from mesoscale to macroscale in viscoelastic random composites

This paper investigates the scaling from a statistical volume element (SVE; i.e. mesoscale level) to representative volume element (RVE; i.e. macroscale level) of spatially random linear viscoelastic materials, focusing on the quasi-static properties in the frequency domain. Requiring the material statistics to be spatially homogeneous and ergodic, the mesoscale bounds on the RVE response are developed from the Hill–Mandel homogenization condition adapted to viscoelastic materials. The bounds are obtained from two stochastic initial-boundary value problems set up, respectively, under uniform kinematic and traction boundary conditions. The frequency and scale dependencies of mesoscale bounds are obtained through computational mechanics for composites with planar random chessboard microstructures. In general, the frequency-dependent scaling to RVE can be described through a complex-valued scaling function, which generalizes the concept originally developed for linear elastic random composites. This scaling function is shown to apply for all different phase combinations on random chessboards and, essentially, is only a function of the microstructure and mesoscale.
Demand for Oil in Our Future

There is little doubt that oil demand will increase significantly as aspiring BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) join the club in the First Economic World. Mitigating this rise in demand will be the ability of the most developed nations to afford new and more efficient technologies. However, if hand-me-down technologies make their way from the First Economic World to newly industrializing nations, and as these nations demand the commodity that they could not at one time afford, oil demand will still increase significantly. We next look at these global economic development phenomena through shifts in worldwide population and wealth.
Dynamic changes in clients of HIV voluntary counseling and testing services in Xinyang City

[Objective]To compare the voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) data collected in 2011 and 2012 in Xinyang City,and explore the direction of future VCT services.[Methods]The regular statistical data were downloaded through national HIV VCT database,the number of different kinds of VCT clients and HIV positive ones in 2011and 2012 were analyzed by chi square.[Results]The number of VCT were 7 749 and 8 179 person times in 2011 and 2012,respectively.Among the clients with heterosexual sexual behavior for business in the past 2 years increased significantly(P 0.05).Compared 2011 with 2012,the clients of 20-30 years old increased significantly(χ2= 79.71,P = 0.000);Compared the number of HIV-positive for past 2 years,the differences of non-marital heterosexual sex(χ2= 8.370,P = 0.004) and history of offering plasma were statistically significant(χ2= 5.516,P = 0.019).[Conclusion]To strengthen publicity and training of VCT services,to improve active participation awareness of all kinds of people on AIDS counseling and testing are very necessary.For non-marital heterosexual sex population and MSM,psychological counseling and behavioral interventions should be carried out to prevent further spread of AIDS.
Optimal Multiobjective Output Structure Models and Its Application In Oilfield Development Programming System

On the basis of the establishment of the correlative relationship~() of the development index of the oilfield by use of functional simulation theory, such as differential simulation method and NN method , the authors study the oilfield and set up the optimal distribution models of oilfield development programming with different goals,including maximum oil output minimum cost and maximum economic benefit, which solve the optimal distribution problems successfully with total output and the corresponding workload and other (development) indexes of the oilfield. The satisfactory economic benefit can be obtained when the models are applied to the development programming in some mid-later stage oilfields.
Determination of Lead in Soil Samples by ZAAS

A method of determination of lead in soil sample by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(ZAAS) were described.Soil samples were treated with wet digestion,by optimizing the experimental conditions as such using matrix,the accuracy and precision of the method were improved.The results showed that the linear range of this method were 0.0~50.0 μg/L;the detection limit of the soil were 0.21 mg/kg;the mean recovery rate of the soil were 82.6%~94.4%.It concluded this method can be used widely for it were accurate and precise with few interference factor.
Experimental Study of Weathered Tempered Glass Plates from the Northeastern United States

AbstractThe authors performed an experimental study with weathered fully tempered monolithic glass loaded to failure under controlled conditions. The 14 specimens in the study originated from the northeastern United States. The specimens were loaded with monotonically increasing pressure until fracture occurred in accordance with the ASTM E997 test method. The recorded failure load time histories were converted to equivalent 3-s failure loads using a modified load-transformation-integration method that incorporates residual compressive surface stress. Variations of the residual compressive surface stress measurements are presented for each specimen, and the effect that the variations in residual compressive surface stress have on the equivalent 3-s failure load calculations are also explored. Equivalent 3-s failure loads are shown to be proportional to the measured residual compressive surface stress. The equivalent 3-s failure load is compared to the load resistance calculated using ASTM E1300, and the m...
β-Oxo-δ-diimine Nickel Complexes: A Comparison of Tautomeric Active Species in Ethylene Polymerization Catalysis

A series of mono- and bimetallic Ni alkyl complexes of a β-oxo-δ-diimine (BODDI) ligand are reported. The monometallic complexes have a second binding pocket, of which the free “arm” can exist as either an enamine (e.g., 8, BODEI, β-oxo-δ-enamineiminato) or imine (e.g., 3, BODII, β-oxo-δ-imineiminato) tautomer. The identity of the tautomer in the secondary Ni coordination sphere has a significant effect on ethylene polymerization behavior: the enamine tautomer, which hydrogen bonds to the central O atom and is in conjugation with the N,O backbone chelate, is significantly more electron rich and yields a much lower molecular weight polymer than the imine tautomer, which rotates away from Ni to a distal position and has little effect on polymerization. Deprotonation of the second binding pocket with M(HMDS) (M = Li, Na, K) yields the Ni-alkali metal heterobimetallic complexes 3Li, 3Na, and 3K. The deprotonated alkali metal enamides display ethylene polymerization behavior similar to the neutral imine comple...
Generation of 20 fs, 6.1 nJ Pulses from a Mode-locked Ti:Sapphire Oscillator

There has been much interest in the use of Ti:Sapphire oscillators to produce ultrashort optical pulses. Recently pulse durations below 50 fs have been reported.1-7 We have constructed a Ti:Sapphire oscillator capable of producing transform limited 20 fs pulses at an average output power of 610 mW at 100 MHz repetition rate. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the shortest pulses ever produced by a laser oscillator1 and the highest per pulse energy for pulses shorter than 35 fs.4
Decreased urinary uronic acid levels in individuals with interstitial cystitis.

AbstractThe pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis currently is unknown. A possible etiology is that the transitional epithelium is defective, leading to molecular leaks that initiate the disease complex. An important surface defense mechanism is the glycosaminoglycans or polysaccharides that line the bladder epithelium and act as a nonspecific antiadherence factor blocking access of bacteria, microcrystals, proteins and ions to the underlying transitional cells. We examined the excretion of urinary macromolecular uronic acid and glycosaminoglycans in normal individuals and those with interstitial cystitis. A total of 37 controls had a mean macromolecular uronic acid level of 56nmol, per mg. creatinine, compared to 40.2nmol, per mg. creatinine in 43 patients with active disease (differences were significant, p equals 0.03). The median excretions of glycosaminoglycan uronate for controls and patients were 15.1 and 11.1nmol, per mg. creatinine, respectively. (There was an over-all tendency to decrease excret...
The Potential Role of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase-Driven DNA Base Excision Repair in Exercise-Induced Asthma

Asthma is characterized by reversible airway narrowing, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and other symptoms driven by chronic inflammatory processes, commonly triggered by allergens. In 90% of asthmatics, most of these symptoms can also be triggered by intense physical activities and severely exacerbated by environmental factors. This condition is known as exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Current theories explaining EIA pathogenesis involve osmotic and/or thermal alterations in the airways caused by changes in respiratory airflow during exercise. These changes, along with existing airway inflammatory conditions, are associated with increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) affecting important biomolecules including DNA, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. One of the most abundant oxidative DNA lesions is 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is repaired by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) during the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Whole-genome expression analyses suggest a cellular response to OGG1-BER, involving genes that may have a role in the pathophysiology of EIA leading to mast cell degranulation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and bronchoconstriction. Accordingly, this review discusses a potential new hypothesis in which OGG1-BER-induced gene expression is associated with EIA symptoms.
Safety Culture: Examination of Safety Attitudes Across Transportation Modes

Transportation safety is a top priority for all agencies, although traffic fatalities remain a leading cause of death in many age groups. One traditional approach to safety is a multifaceted strategy that addresses the 4 E’s: education, enforcement, engineering, and emergency response. In recent years, some agencies have also undertaken collaborative initiatives such as Toward Zero Death programs in an effort to increase safety. Although roadway fatalities have decreased, there is still opportunity for improvement. Many research studies have identified factors that correlated with roadway crashes (e.g., geometric factors) and have documented the impact of mitigation measures, such as roadway improvements, policy changes (e.g., speed limits), and safety programs (e.g., distracted driving campaigns). Although crashes may be considered an unavoidable consequence of mobility, fatality rates vary dramatically by transportation mode, and the impressive safety record in aviation suggests that fatalities should not be considered inevitable. This research explores safety attitudes and practices for young adults in the aviation and roadway sectors, examines differences in safety training for roadways and aviation that may contribute to a positive safety culture, and identifies practices in aviation that may be beneficial in the roadway sector. In addition to providing a benchmark for the current safety culture and comparing attitudes and practices in the roadway and aviation environments, this research lays a foundation to develop best practices that will contribute to a positive safety culture, improve safety, and reduce the costs associated with roadway crashes.
Parallel processing with the loosely coupled array of processors system

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on parallel processing with the loosely coupled array of processors system. The system reviewed in the chapter is a multiple instruction stream/multiple data stream (MIMD) system, in the form of a distributed network of nodes. The distributed nature of the system allows appropriate utilization of the parallelism of the code; that is, the “degree of parallelism” of the software is matched by the hardware. An important advantage of high-level parallelism, as in high-level programming languages, is portability. A high-level parallel code may be executed on any system with a rudimentary communication protocol. In addition, improvements at the instruction level can be independently pursued without disturbing the setup of the parallel algorithm. The loosely coupled array of processors (LCAP)-1 system, hosted by either an IBM 4341 or 4381, runs under the IBM Virtual Machines/System Product (VM/SP) operating system. VM/SP is a time-sharing system in which jobs run on virtual machines (VM) created by the system; these VMs simulate real computing systems.
Ultrabook™: Doing more with less

Mobile Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) place great emphasis on creating unique system designs to differentiate themselves in the mobile market. Intel Corporation's introduction of the Intel Ultrabook™ segment and low power processors provides a path for innovation and thinking “outside the box” of the traditional notebook PC. This paper will highlight 3 innovative examples of doing more with less with Configurable TDP, Configurable Tj, and Fan Speed Optimization for battery life.
A study of the syndrome of simultaneous acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and myocardial infarction in 36 patients.

Objectives : To analyze how acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) with simultaneous myocardial infarction (MI) presents differently than either disease alone. Methods : A multicenter, case-controlled study of 36 study patients with simultaneous upper GIB and MI was conducted. GIB-post-MI controls were 28 patients developing upper GIB more than 24 h after MI. MI controls were 36 patients with MI without GIB. GIB controls were 36 patients with upper GIB without MI. Results : Study patients had more severe bleeding than GIB controls as indicated by significantly more units transfused and lower mean arterial pressure (74.8 ± 17.3 mm Hg vs 88.7 ± 14.9 mm Hg,p < 0.001, Student's t test). Massive bleeding may contribute to myocardial hypoperfusion and infarction. Study patients were significantly more likely than patients in any control group to present with syncope, dizziness, or confusion (e.g., study group, 56%, GIB-post-MI controls, 21%, odds ratio = 4.58, p < 0.01, χ 2 ). Neurological symptoms in study patients were usually attributable to hypovolemia, but in GIB-post - MI controls, all cases were attributable to arrhythmia or hypoxia and not hypovolemia (13 vs 0, p < 0.0002, Fisher's exact test). Syncope rarely led to neurological sequelae. Study patients tended to experience chest pain less frequently than GIB-post-MI or MI controls. Study patients had significantly greater mortality than either GIB controls (33 vs 8%, odds ratio = 5.5, p < 0.01, Fisher's exact test) or MI controls. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal findings generally predominate in patients with simultaneous upper GIB and MI. This syndrome is typically characterized by : massive bleeding; frequent syncope, dizziness, or confusion ; rare neurological sequelae ; moderately frequent absence of chest pain ; and high mortality. MI may not be clinically suspected. Patients with upper GIB who deny chest pain but have warning signs of hypoperfusion such as syncope, confusion, dizziness, or hypotension should have MI excluded in an intensive care unit.
Carolina Israelite: How Harry Golden Made Us Care about Jews, the South, and Civil Rights

By Kimberly Marlowe HartnettChapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015, 359 pp.Harry Golden is a forgotten success story of American journalism, an improbable fixture in nearly every res...
Effect of inclination on pressure drop and flow regimes in large flattened-tube steam condensers

Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of the inclination effect on pressure drop and flow regime during condensation of steam in a large flattened tube used in air-cooled condensers (ACC) for power plants. Steam with mass flux of about 7 kg m −2 s −1 was condensed inside a 10.7 m long, flattened test tube with inclination angle varied from horizontal up to 70°. The original full-sized steel tube was cut in half along the centerline, and the removed part was replaced by a polycarbonate window to enable simultaneous flow visualization in situ with heat transfer and pressure drop measurements. A uniform velocity profile of 2.03 ± 0.12 m s −1 was imposed on the air side to extract heat from the steam in a cross flow direction. The experimental results showed that increasing the inclination angle led to reductions of pressure drop due to the improvement in the gravity-assisted drainage of condensate inside the test tube. At such low mass fluxes, tube inclination significantly influenced the flow pattern which was observed to be a well-separated stratified flow throughout the tube at all downward inclination angles. The separated flow pattern enabled the direct measurement of void fraction, and the traditional void fraction models using the newly-defined superficial quality successfully predicted the measurements within ±10%. The experimental data were converted to reflect pressure drop in a full tube based on the model that was developed to account for the differences in tube geometry between the full and test tube at the same operating condition. A prediction of pressure drop performance of the same steam condensing system under vacuum condition was also discussed. The negative dependence of total pressure drop on inclination angle also prevailed in both converted results in atmospheric condition and the predicted ones in vacuum condition.
EDIACARAN-STYLE DECAY EXPERIMENTS USING MOLLUSKS AND SEA ANEMONES

The latest Neoproterozoic Ediacara biota are a collection of enigmatic soft-bodied eukaryotes that have been variously interpreted as both diploblasts and triploblasts, and which are thought to have been preserved as pyritic ‘death masks'. We perform decay experiments on sea anemones (Condylactis gigantea) and mollusks (Dolabella auricularia) under both ‘normal' (i.e., baseline) and Ediacaran-style conditions; this allows us to construct decay indices for both these organismal groups, test the influence of Ediacaran taphonomic scenarios on rates and patterns of decay, and potentially constrain the phylogenetic affinities of Ediacaran fossils. We find that in both types of organisms the most labile tissues are preferentially lost, and tissue type exerts a stronger control on preservation than overall diploblastic versus triploblastic organization. Thus, in sum, there is not a large differential of preservation between diploblastic and triploblastic organisms. Geochemical analyses of sediment from around the carcasses indicate that pyritic ‘death mask'-style preservation is dependent on the availability of Fe. Perhaps most importantly, experiments under Ediacaran-style taphonomic scenarios exhibit more rapid decay of labile tissues, such as anemone tentacles and the internal gut system of mollusks, than in baseline experiments. This finding highlights potential biases against the preservation of metazoan characters in the late Neoproterozoic, which may have influenced the interpretation of many iconic Ediacaran organisms.
Online retailer vs. click and mortar retailer: Who performs better?

Retail business is characterized by different business models: pure-play model and dual channel approach, which uses both physical and online channels to reach customers. There is conflicting evidence regarding the relative value of these business models to the consumers. We take a market valuation approach to evaluate the relative merits of both business models. We consider a panel of publicly traded US retailers and evaluate how their sales performance impacts their Tobin’s q. We find that the dual channel retailers receive a market premium for their sales revenue as compared to the pure-play retailers. This higher valuation can be associated with higher customer satisfaction with dual channel firms leading to a higher intangible value as compared to the pure-play firms. Our results have important implications for retailers as we demonstrate the value of different channels. Our work also contributes to the existing literature on online consumer retailing and multichannel research.