cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cloning and salt-induced, ABA-independent expression of choline mono-oxygenase in Atriplex prostrata.

Certain plants accumulate glycinebetaine, a type of osmoprotectant, in response to salinity. Glycinebetaine is synthesized in these plants via the two-step oxidation of choline, and the first step is catalysed by choline mono-oxygenase (CMO; EC 1.14.15.7). Cloned by RT-PCR and 3′-RACE, the cDNA of Atriplex prostrata CMO (ApCMO) is 1669 bp in length and encodes a full-length protein of 438 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of ApCMO revealed a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster motif and a mononuclear non-heme Fe binding motif, and shares 82.9% identity and 87.2% similarity with the deduced amino acid sequence of spinach CMO. Accumulation of CMO transcript and glycinebetaine both increased in response to NaCl treatment. Without salt treatment, CMO mRNA was detected in stems and 5-day-old seedlings, but not in leaves, roots and older seedlings. With salt treatment, CMO mRNA accumulated dramatically in stems, leaves and roots, with the most abundant accumulation occurring in young stems. Although abscisic acid may initiate global physiological reactions in response to osmotic stress, it did not induce the expression of CMO in A. prostrata. In summary, salt-induction of CMO mRNA in A. prostrata is more substantial than that reported in spinach and sugar beet, and the plant may serve as a useful model to study regulation of glycinebetaine synthesis by environmental stress.
CdGeN2 and ZnGe0.5Sn0.5N2: Two New Nitride Semiconductors with Band Gaps in the Blue-Green

First-principles calculations are presented for CdGeN2 and ZnGe0.5Sn0.5N2 compounds with the orthorhombic structure derived from wurtzite. Lattice constants and internal parameters are obtained from local density approximation full-potential linearized muffin-tin orbital calculations and the quasiparticle self-consistent GW method is used to calculate the band structures. Corrections for zero-point motion and exciton binding energy are included. Both approaches lead to gaps in the blue-green region.
Existentialism and democracy: Pro and con

(1964). Existentialism and democracy: Pro and con. Pacific Philosophy Forum: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 95-100.
Idiocentrism, involvement, and health appeals: A social psychological framework

Recent years in health communication have witnessed a surge in personality-based campaigns. These campaigns have focused on targeting individuals with messages based on personality profiles. This study extends this line of work by investigating the role of idiocentrism-allocentrism in audience response to message appeals. In addition, the project introduces a situational framework, examining the effect of involvement on the relationship between audience personality and audience response to appeal types. Study results support the need for a personality-based segmented approach.
Towards an Improved Information Utilization in Design Decisionmaking: A Case Study of the Hurricane Andrew Recovery Efforts

This paper is a review of the experiences at the computer laboratory of the School of Architecture at the University of Miami in contributing to recovery efforts in the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew and a reflection upon these experiences with regard to the ways computer-based information can contribute to improved design decisionmaking. It begins with background on the hurricane and the active role in recovery that the school and, in particular, the computer laboratory assumed. Case histories are presented on the laboratory's participation in the South Dade Charrette, preparation of an Historic Preservation and Recovery Plan, and the development of a Dade County Information Resource Management System to support these and other planning and design efforts. Based on this experience, a number of specific hypotheses are offered defining why and how computer support can improve design decisionmaking. Though computer support can be significant, there still remains a need for continuing exploration, more powerf...
Aluminium Oxyfluoride and the Polymerized Species in AlOCl Solutions

ALTHOUGH the crystalline aluminium oxyhalides AlOCl, AlOBr and AlOI are known1–3, the corresponding AlOF is not. We have tried to prepare AlOF by the procedure which is commonly used to prepare the other AlOX compounds, namely, the reaction of 3 AlF3 with As2O3 in sealed evacuated glass ampoules at elevated temperatures. However, AlOF was not formed at temperatures up to 480° C, although reaction between AlF3 and As2O3 did occur. Details of these experiments will be published elsewhere. Whereas AlOCl can be prepared by the reaction of steam and AlCl3 (ref. 4), it does not appear that AlOF can be prepared by a comparable reaction with AlF3. Schober and Thilo5 found that AlF3 reacts with steam at temperatures up to 600° C to form a product with a 5.2 per cent fluorine content, and lower fluorine contents at higher temperatures. They formulated their product as Al7O10F. Locsei6 obtained similar results but preferred to formulate the product as a mixture of Al2O3 and AlOF. No reason was given for the latter choice, but even if it were correct the product would be predominantly Al2O3.
Mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity— I. Theory

Abstract A mechanism-based theory of strain gradient plasticity (MSG) is proposed based on a multiscale framework linking the microscale notion of statistically stored and geometrically necessary dislocations to the mesoscale notion of plastic strain and strain gradient. This theory is motivated by our recent analysis of indentation experiments which strongly suggest a linear dependence of the square of plastic flow stress on strain gradient. While such linear dependence is predicted by the Taylor hardening model relating the flow stress to dislocation density, existing theories of strain gradient plasticity have failed to explain such behavior. We believe that a mesoscale theory of plasticity should not only be based on stress–strain behavior obtained from macroscopic mechanical tests, but should also draw information from micromechanical, gradient-dominant tests such as micro-indentation or nano-indentation. According to this viewpoint, we explore an alternative formulation of strain gradient plasticity in which the Taylor model is adopted as a founding principle. We distinguish the microscale at which dislocation interaction is considered from the mesoscale at which the plasticity theory is formulated. On the microscale, we assume that higher order stresses do not exist, that the square of flow stress increases linearly with the density of geometrically necessary dislocations, strictly following the Taylor model, and that the plastic flow retains the associative structure of conventional plasticity. On the mesoscale, the constitutive equations are constructed by averaging microscale plasticity laws over a representative cell. An expression for the effective strain gradient is obtained by considering models of geometrically necessary dislocations associated with bending, torsion and 2-D axisymmetric void growth. The new theory differs from all existing phenomenological theories in its mechanism-based guiding principles, although the mathematical structure is quite similar to the theory proposed by Fleck and Hutchinson. A detailed analysis of the new theory is presented in Part II of this paper.
Glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

We have cloned the fire ant glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) cDNA providing the first molecular characterization of a GLUT8 in insects. Glucose is a poly-alcohol and, due to its high hydrophilicity, cannot move across cell membranes. GLUT8 is a putative facilitative transporter for the cellular import and export of glucose. The complete 2,974-bp cDNA encodes a 501-residue protein with a predicted molecular mass of 54.8 kDa. Transcripts were detected in the brain, midgut, hindgut, Malpighian tubule, fat body, ovary, and testis. The highest transcriptional expression was found in fat body. Northern blot analysis revealed different transcript sizes in mated queen brains, alate female ovaries, and male testes. We propose that four other sequences obtained from insect genome projects from the honey bee Apis mellifera (ENSAPMP00000006624), the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (EAA11842), and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (AAQ23604 and AAM52591) are likely the orthologues of the fire ant GLUT8. Phylogenetic relationships in insect glucose transporters are presented. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 62:55–72, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Behavioral Objectives: Some Considerations.

When your student teacher is planning instruction, you might ask him to state his objectives in behavioral terms. Such statements may make the lesson more meaningful to both the student teacher and...
Quantification of emission potential from asphalt binders using mass loss and opacity measurements

A total of 23 asphalt binders were obtained from around the country. Contractors that reported emission complaints from neighbors were asked to supply samples from problem binders as well as a sample of asphalt binders, when used, generated either fewer or no complaints. The percent mass loss and opacity measurements were used to determine if a simple means of identifying asphalt binders with emission potential could be identified for use as a screening or process control test for the contractors. Results indicate that a maximum mass loss of 0.5% as measured with the rolling thin film oven test or 0.7% as measured with a prototype emissions oven will minimize emission potential. The prototype oven was fitted with an opacity meter; a percent mass loss of 0.7% or lower corresponds with visible emissions of 1.2% or less. Most of the asphalt binders rated with high emissions problems by the contractor are identified by using these limits.
A Novel P1B-type Mn2+-transporting ATPase Is Required for Secreted Protein Metallation in Mycobacteria

Transition metals are central for bacterial virulence and host defense. P1B-ATPases are responsible for cytoplasmic metal efflux and play roles either in limiting cytosolic metal concentrations or in the maturation of secreted metalloproteins. The P1B-ATPase, CtpC, is required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in a mouse model (Sassetti, C. M., and Rubin, E. J. (2003) Genetic requirements for mycobacterial survival during infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 12989–12994). CtpC prevents Zn2+ toxicity, suggesting a role in Zn2+ export from the cytosol (Botella, H., Peyron, P., Levillain, F., Poincloux, R., Poquet, Y., Brandli, I., Wang, C., Tailleux, L., Tilleul, S., Charriere, G. M., Waddell, S. J., Foti, M., Lugo-Villarino, G., Gao, Q., Maridonneau-Parini, I., Butcher, P. D., Castagnoli, P. R., Gicquel, B., de Chastellier, C., and Neyrolles, O. (2011) Mycobacterial P1-type ATPases mediate resistance to zinc poisoning in human macrophages. Cell Host Microbe 10, 248–259). However, key metal-coordinating residues and the overall structure of CtpC are distinct from Zn2+-ATPases. We found that isolated CtpC has metal-dependent ATPase activity with a strong preference for Mn2+ over Zn2+. In vivo, CtpC is unable to complement Escherichia coli lacking a functional Zn2+-ATPase. Deletion of M. tuberculosis or Mycobacterium smegmatis ctpC leads to cytosolic Mn2+ accumulation but no alterations in other metals levels. Whereas ctpC-deficient M. tuberculosis is sensitive to extracellular Zn2+, the M. smegmatis mutant is not. Both ctpC mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, which might explain the Zn2+-sensitive phenotype of the M. tuberculosis ctpC mutant. CtpC is a high affinity/slow turnover ATPase, suggesting a role in protein metallation. Consistent with this hypothesis, mutation of CtpC leads to a decrease of Mn2+ bound to secreted proteins and of the activity of secreted Fe/Mn-superoxide dismutase, particularly in M. smegmatis. Alterations in the assembly of metalloenzymes involved in redox stress response might explain the sensitivity of M. tuberculosis ctpC mutants to oxidative stress and growth and persistence defects in mice infection models.
Treatment of trypanosome-infected mice with exogenous interferon, interferon inducers, or antibody to interferon.

Earlier studies have demonstrated that mice resistant to Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (the B10.BR/SgSnJ strain) produces, upon infection by this parasite, two peaks of serum interferon (IFN), while the susceptible mice (C3HeB/FeJ) produces no IFN. In the present study, survival times were compared for B10.BR/SgSnJ, C3HeB/FeJ, and CBA/J (an intermediately resistant strain) mice that were injected, prior to infection with the parasite, with either of the following three preparations (1) IFN-gamma, (2) an antibody to IFN-gamma and (3) polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (to induce IFN-alpha/beta). No effect on the survival times of mice by any of these preparations could be demonstrated, contrary to some previous reports.
Radioautography of Ca45 in rat salivary glands.

Abstract Radioautographic visualization of Ca 45 in rat salivary glands indicated marked storage in submaxillary gland acinar cells. Acinar cells of the sublingual gland stored somewhat less, while acinar cells of the parotid and granular tubule cells of the submaxillary gland contained only slightly more Ca 45 than connective tissue. The uptake of Ca 45 in submaxillary and parotid gland acinar cells was greatly reduced 2 hr after isoproterenol. After chronic administration of isoproterenol, radioautographic visualization of Ca 45 localization indicated that the great increase in storage of calcium in the submaxillary gland produced by this drug probably resulted from an increase in the proportion of the gland made up by acinar cells.
On the Effects of Including Counterrotating Angular Momentum in Simulations of Galactic Disk Systems

We describe the evolution of two-dimensional disk systems constructed with significant portions of their angular momentum counterrotating. We confirm that counterrotating angular momentum stabilizes an otherwise bar unstable disk. Further, we show that is possible to realize novel bar/disk and bar/bar configurations by varying our initial conditions. We find that it is possible to construct models that evolve to the following configurations: two counterrotating bars, a cospatial bar and bulgelike component, and a slow counterrotating bar. We examine the possible implications of such systems and whether they might exist in nature.
Immunocytochemical localization of regulatory peptides in six species of trematode parasites.

1. 1. Frozen and paraffin sections of six species of trematodes: Schistosoma mansoni, S. mattheei, S. japonicum, Schistosomatium douthitti, Echinostoma paraensei and Fasciola hepatica have been incubated with antisera against leu-enkephalin, FMRF-amide, gastrin-17, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, neurotensin, oxytocin, prolactin, substance P, thyroid stimulating hormone and cholecystokinin, using indirect immunofluorescence and biotin-avidin horseradish peroxidase detection systems. 2. 2. Of the ten antisera tested, six (leu-enkephalin, FMRF-amide, gastrin-17, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, substance P and cholecystokinin) showed significant immunoreactivity, primarily in the central and peripheral nervous system, and also perhaps in the osmoregulatory system of the three species of Schistosoma. 3. 3. Immunopositive nerve fibers extended from ganglia to gut wall, uterus and vitelline follicles, and especially from subtegumental nerve plexi to sensory receptors on the surface or in dorsal nippled tubercles.
Rare-Gas Solubility and Diffusion in the Potassium Halides

The solubility and diffusivity of helium have been measured between 60 and 240 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in the potassium halides. In addition, neon migration has been studied in KI. The results of the solubility measurements are interpreted in terms of a thermodynamical model. It is shown that the vast differences in solubility among inorganic insulators arise from the energy of formation alone and not from differences in the usual pre-exponential term ${S}_{0}$. Finally, the experimentally measured energies for diffusion, solution, and permeation are compared with formation energies calculated by Wilson.
True Triaxial Tests on Cross-Anisotropic Deposits of Fine Nevada Sand

AbstractAn experimental program was designed to study the effects of cross-anisotropy under three-dimensional conditions on fine Nevada sand using tall prismatic specimens. Eighteen drained tests were performed using a true triaxial apparatus. Specimens were created with both horizontal and vertical bedding planes by dry pluviation, then a freezing technique was used to solidify the specimens while they were mounted in the true triaxial apparatus. The specimens were then sheared at various b-values, where b=(σ2−σ3)/(σ1−σ3), in the three sectors of the octahedral plane. The stress-strain behavior and strength under various loading conditions on the octahedral plane are presented. Results show similar strength results in Sectors I and II. Effects of cross-anisotropy are shown when comparing the friction angles in Sectors I and II with those in Sector III. The strength is highest in Sector I, where the friction angle in triaxial compression (b=0.0, vertical specimen with horizontal bedding planes) is 5.3° hi...
Characterization of program paging in a time-sharing environment

This paper describes a method for predicting the paging behavior of a program in a virtual memory multiprogramming environment. The effect of overall system activity on the program is summarized in one parameter, the page survival index. The model correlates well with observations taken on programs running under CP-67. The model can be used for paging load prediction, simulator input verification, and evaluation of program rearrangement and sharing.
Immunological investigations of Penicillium. II. Primary binding of glycopeptides and glycopeptide derivatives to specific antibodies.

Abstract An exocellular glycopeptide from Penicillium charlesii has been shown previously to contain a high mol. wt polysaccharide and several oligosaccharides attached to the peptide through seryl and threonyl residues. Guinea pigs immunized with the glycopeptide conjugated to bovine gamma globulin, produced nonprecipitating antibodies to the polysaccharide portion of the glycopeptide. However, a technique was developed for measuring the primary binding of the glycopeptide by the guinea pig antibodies. It was found that the antigen-antibody complex could be precipitated by 40% ammonium sulfate, whereas negligible quantities of the glycopeptide alone or glycopeptide incubated with normal guinea pig sera were precipitated under these conditions. Equations predicting the influence of the ratio of a weighted dissociation constant representing the various antigen-antibody complexes/antibody concentrations, β /[ Ab t ] , on antigen binding and the influence of this ratio on inhibition of antigen binding by hapten were derived. The data obtained with the fungal glycopeptide as an antigen were interpreted in terms of this model. The experiments showed that antibodies in the guinea pig sera were directed toward the polysaccharide portion of the glycopeptide, and not toward the peptide portion or the oligosaccharides. Furthermore, a glycopeptide deficient in galactofuranosyl and phosphorus moieties from a uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase negative mutant of P. charlesii competed with wild type glycopeptide for antibody. It appeared that mannopyranosyl residues associated with an, as yet unidentified, acid labile material were the major immunodeterminant groups of the glycopeptide which bound to guinea pig sera. In contrast to its behavior in guinea pig antisera, the polysaccharide portion of the glycopeptide did not compete with the glycopeptide for antibodies in rabbit antisera. In addition the peptide portion of the glycopeptide did not compete with the glycopeptide in the rabbit antisera. Further, dilute acid treatment of the glycopeptide did not destroy its ability to bind to rabbit antibodies. These data suggest that the oligosaccharides attached to the peptide serve as the antigenic determinats which bind to rabbit antibodies.
Perturbations of normal mode vibrations

Abstract A system consisting of two masses, interconnected by a coupling spring, and each connected to an anchor spring, is examined. The springs may be unequal and non-linear or even non-linearizable but each resists being compressed to the same degree as being stretched. Under the assumption that the system possesses a linear modal vibration, a theorem is established which guarantees that under small perturbations this periodic solution will be the generator of a continuous family of similar periodic solutions of the perturbed system. This theorem leads to a simple criterion which can readily be applied, for example, to a general homogeneous system. йccлeдyeтcя cиcтeмa cocтoящaя яз двyч мacc coeдииeнныч пpyзинoй й зaкpeплeниыч нa пpyзинaч. Пpyзины мoгyт быть нepoвными й нeлинeйными, йли дaзe нeлинeapизyeмыми,] oднaкo йч coпoтивлeниe cзaтиы paвнo coпpoтивлeниы pacтязeнйy. B пpeдпoлoзeнии нaличия линeйныч мoдeльныч кoлeбaний в cиcтeмe, дoкaзывaeтcя тeopeмa o гeнepиpoвaнии нeпpepывнoгo ceмeйcтвa пepиoдичecкич peшeний пoдoбныч мoдeльнoмy peщeниy, в cлyчae пoлoзeния нa нeгo мaлыч вoзмyщeний. Teopeмa дaeт яpocтoи кpитepий, qleгкo пpилoзимый, нaпpимep, к oбщим oднopoдным cиcтeмaм.
Plant Feeding by a Predaceous Insect, Geocoris punctipes

Results of studies of the plant-feeding capability of Geocoris punctipes (Say) indicated that the insect may maintain itself on plant foods. Development with moderate longevity may occur through several nymphal instars on plant foods but apparently required its prey for proper development and fecundity. Adults which switched from a diet of prey to a diet of plant food had moderate longevity and laid some viable eggs.
Vitamin D and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk in Adults: A Review

Animal and human studies support a protective effect of vitamin D sufficiency related to malignancy by uncovering paracrine and autocrine effects of extra-renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) activation including regulation of cell cycle proliferation, apoptosis induction, and increased cell differentiation signaling. Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrate a reduction in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk with increased sunlight exposure. As sunlight is a major vitamin D source, it has been suggested that vitamin D status may mediate this observed association. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the current epidemiologic evidence with regard to the investigation of an association between vitamin D status and NHL risk.
What Are Music Educators Doing and How Well Are We Doing It

both a player's and a listener's perspective, are in the toilet."l I came across this statement in Mix magazine, a publication dedicated to audio and music production, and it made me think. What does Paul Lehrman, a man involved with professional audio production rather than K-12 music education, know about school music programs? And then it hit me: maybe he knows more than many of us in the profession know-or at least want to admit we know.
Same-Sex versus Cross-Sex Observational Recognition: An Effect of Attention or Recall?:

Same- and cross-sex recall effects are explored for generality to same- and cross-sex recognition. The results indicate same-sex observational superiority, with 261 female observers superior to 354 males regardless of sex of stimuli (a cross-sex effect).
Explorations into the epigenetic space

Book detailsEpigenetics: Linking Genotype and Phenotype in Developmentand Evolution, Hallgrimsson, B and Hall BK (Editors).University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles,London. Viii + 459 pages, ISBN: 978-0-520-26709-I,Price: $85.45.Much of the theoretical and empirical basis of themodern evolutionary synthesis, and progress in appliedgenetics (e.g., plant and animal breeding), has beenbuilt on the premise that gene frequency changes inpopulations, in time (across generations) and space,occur due to the action of evolutionary forces. Empir-ical estimates of gene frequencies serve as indices toquantify micro-evolutionary changes. During the firsttwo decades of this phase in the 20
Intensity and adequacy of laryngoscope light in seven intensive care units

The objective of the study was to determine the adequacy of illumination of laryngoscopes in seven critical care units (CCU) (two medical, three surgical, two neurosurgical). Laryngoscopes in the Cleveland Clinic are routinely checked twice daily by healthcare workers. Confirmation of the presence of bulb illumination in ambient room light, however, may not be a sufficient test. In the CCU environment successful tracheal intubation may be time sensitive, and failure of adequate illumination of the larynx impedes visualization. Adequacy of lighting is subjective; however, the Health and Safety Executive suggests 500 Lux as a minimum for work requiring the perception of fine detail [1].
SCALPEL: Segmentation Cascades with Localized Priors and Efficient Learning

We propose SCALPEL, a flexible method for object segmentation that integrates rich region-merging cues with mid- and high-level information about object layout, class, and scale into the segmentation process. Unlike competing approaches, SCALPEL uses a cascade of bottom-up segmentation models that is capable of learning to ignore boundaries early on, yet use them as a stopping criterion once the object has been mostly segmented. Furthermore, we show how such cascades can be learned efficiently. When paired with a novel method that generates better localized shape priors than our competitors, our method leads to a concise, accurate set of segmentation proposals, these proposals are more accurate on the PASCAL VOC2010 dataset than state-of-the-art methods that use re-ranking to filter much larger bags of proposals. The code for our algorithm is available online.
q -extensions of Clausen's formula and of the inequalities used by de Brangesin his proof of the Bieberbach, Robertson, and Milin conjectures

A q-extension of the terminating form of Clausen’s ${}_3 F_2 $ series representation for the square of a ${}_2 F_1 (a,b;a + b + {1 / 2};z)$ series is derived. It is used to prove the nonnegativity of certain basic hypergeometric series and to derive q-extensions of the inequalities and differential equations de Branges used in his proof of the Bieberbach, Robertson, and Milin conjectures.
An unusual presentation of Tourette's syndrome.

Abstract Study objective To report an unusual complex motor tic as the presenting symptom in a patient diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome. Methods This case report was compiled via interview with a 9-year-old white female who presented to the private gynecologic practice of the senior author. Additional history was gained from the patient's mother and follow up information was obtained from written and verbal communication with neurology colleages. Main outcome measures Referral to neurology. Diagnosis of persistent perineal touching. Results Diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome. Conclusion In young patients with nonspecific vulval symptoms, Tourette's syndrome should be considered in the differentiatial diagnosis particularly if persistent self touching is a feature of the complaint. Referral to a physician experienced with the syndrome is important since the diagnosis is made on the basis of the clinical symptoms and signs.
Astronaut operations requirements document for the White Light Coronagraph experiment s-052 for the Apollo Telescope Mount

Information necessary for successful performance of the observer's function in the White Light Coronagraph portion of the Apollo Telescope Mount experiments is presented. The pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight operations required to perform the S-052 experiment are described. A discussion of the scientific objectives of the experiment and a description of the hardware are provided.
High assurance cryptographic interface

Maintaining strategic advantage in modern warfare requires the deployment and use of cryptographic systems to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of vital communications between operational elements. The ability to accomplish this goal imparts a sense of confidence both to the receiver that information originated unmodified from a trusted source and to the sender that it will be read by only the intended recipient, thus playing a significant role in assuring mission success. Embedded cryptographic hardware is the means by which most sensitive mission data is protected. Today, mission application software is generally written to use the services of a specific cryptographic module, making it difficult to replace a module with one designed by a different vendor or to adapt to changing requirements. The commercial world has resolved this issue by specifying standardized cryptographic interfaces that are used by a wide range of applications to access cryptographic services. Until recently, however, no generic, full-featured interface to high assurance cryptographic hardware had been defined. This paper explores the goals for an interface to high assurance cryptographic modules and describes a model for such an interface.
Comparative analysis of the genomes of Rachiplusia ou and Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses.

The Rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (RoMNPV) is a variant of Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) but is significantly more virulent against several major agricultural pests. The genome sequence of the R1 strain of RoMNPV was determined and compared to that of AcMNPV strain C6. The RoMNPV genome is approximately 131·5 kbp with a G+C content of 39·1 %. The homologous repeat regions (hrs) described for AcMNPV-C6 are present in RoMNPV-R1 but the hrs of RoMNPV have fewer palindromic repeats. The RoMNPV-R1 nucleotide sequence is almost completely collinear with the sequence of AcMNPV-C6 and contains homologues of 150 of the 155 ORFs described for AcMNPV-C6. Deletions, insertions and substitutions have resulted in the loss of homologues for AcMNPV ORFs ac2 (bro), ac3 (ctl), ac97, ac121 and ac140 from the RoMNPV genome. The average amino acid sequence identity between RoMNPV and AcMNPV ORFs is 96·1 % and there are differences in promoter motif composition for 23 of these ORFs. Maximum-likelihood analysis of selection pressures on AcMNPV and RoMNPV ORFs indicate that ORFs ro18/ac20-ac21 (arif-1) and ro135/ac143 (odv-e18) have undergone positive selection.
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON FECUNDITY IN THE CHICKEN

Egg production was reduced when young laying hens were kept in contact with metal cages while being continuously exposed to the following cw fields: a vhf field at a frequency of 260 MHz, with an incident power that decreased from 100 to 4mW during the experiment; a uhf field at a frequency of 915 MHz, with an incident power of 800 mW during the first 2.5 weeks, zero during the following week, and 200 mW for the remainder of the experiment; a uhf field at 2.435 GHz, with an incident power of 800 mW; an elf electric field at a frequency of 60 Hz, with a calculated value of field strength of 1600 V/m; an elf magnetic field at 60 Hz, with a value of magnetic flux density of 1.4G. With the exception of the hens exposed to the uhf field at 915 MHz, all other treated groups laid significantly less eggs than the controls (p smaller than or equal to 0.01). This reduction (similar 15% less than the controls) began with the first 4-week production period. The egg production curves for the hens exposed to the vhf field at 260 MHz and to the uhf field at 2.435 GHz were approximately the same beginning with the sixth week of production, and they maintained comparable production levels for the remainder of the experiment. An 8% total drop in production also was experienced in the group of birds exposed to the 915-MHz field, which pulsed because of equipment failure. Egg production rate curves for the birds in the elf electric and magnetic fields were substantially different from those exhibited by birds in the other electromagnetic fields. The birds in the E-field regained a production level comparable to the controls after 11 weeks production, whereas those in the B-field dropped to 31% production, which was approximately 40% poorer than the controls by the twelfth week of production. Fertility of cocks and hens was not affected by continuous low-power vhf and uhf near-zone electromagnetic exposure or elf electric or magnetic field treatment. Fertility was exceptionally good, except for the controls and the hens exposed to the elf electric field. The hatchs of fertile and of total eggs were not significantly influenced by exposure to any of the five fields. A considerably lower incidence of male chicks was noted in the elf magnetic field treatment (32.3%). The sex ratio in the other groups appeared to be relatively normal. No macroscopic abnormalities attributable to treatments were noted in the chicks hatched or in the dead embryos.
Harmonic generation FEL magnets: measured b-fields compared to 3D simulations

The Harmonic Generation Free Electron Laser is a short period, high-gain amplifier FEL configured as an optical klystron. It is designed to lase at 3.47 /spl mu/m using a 30 MeV electron beam at the Accelerator Test Facility at BNL. Each of the three superconducting wiggler magnet sections (modulator, dispersion, radiator) has been built and the magnetic fields have been measured. This paper compares the measurement results with three-dimensional nonlinear computer models created with the TOSCA code.
Report of two cases where sleep related eating behavior occurred with the extended-release formulation but not the immediate-release formulation of a sedative-hypnotic agent.

We report two cases in which amnestic sleep related eating disorder (SRED) occurred with extended-release zolpidem but not with the immediate-release formulation. These cases illustrate how even relatively small differences such as formulation can affect the likelihood of experiencing such events. Citation: Chiang A; Krystal A. Report of two cases where sleep related eating behavior occurred with the extended-release formulation but not the immediate-release formulation of a sedative-hypnotic agent. J Clin Sleep Med 2008;4(2):155–156.
Subsolidus Phase Equilibria of the MgO─V2O5─SiO2 System

The subsolidus phase equilibria of the MgO-V 2 O 5 -SiO 2 system was studied by solid-state reaction and powder X-ray diffractometry. The resulting ternary is discussed with respect to corrosion of magnesia- and silica-containing refractories by vanadium-containing fuels
Multidisciplinary Placement Optimization of Heat Generating Electronic Components on a Printed Circuit Board in an Enclosure

A multidisciplinary placement optimization methodology for heat generating electronic components on a printed circuit board (PCB) subjected to forced convection in an enclosure is presented. In this methodology, thermal, electrical, and placement criteria involving junction temperature, wiring density, line length for high frequency signals, and critical component location are optimized simultaneously using the genetic algorithm. A board-level thermal performance prediction methodology based on channel flow forced convection boundary conditions is developed. The methodology consists of a combination of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and a superposition method that is able to predict PCB surface and component junction temperatures in a much shorter calculation time than the existing numerical methods. Three ANNs are used for predicting temperature rise at the PCB surface caused by a single heat source at an arbitrary location on the board, while temperature rise due to multiple heat sources is calculated using a superposition method. Compact thermal models are used for the electronic components thermal modeling. Using this optimization methodology, large calculation time reduction is achieved without losing accuracy. To demonstrate its capabilities, the present methodology is applied to a test case involving multiple heat generating component placement optimization on a PCB.
Color superconductivity in weak coupling

We derive perturbatively the gap equations for a color-superconducting condensate with total spin J=0 in dense QCD. At zero temperature, we confirm the results of Son for the dependence of the condensate on the coupling constant, and compute the prefactor to leading logarithmic accuracy. At nonzero temperature, we find that to leading order in weak coupling, the temperature dependence of the condensate is identical to that in BCS-like theories. The condensates for total spin J=1 are classified; to leading logarithmic accuracy these condensates are of the same order as those of spin J=0. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Performance Characterization and Optimization of Atomic Operations on AMD GPUs

Atomic operations are important building blocks in supporting general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPUs). For instance, they can be used to coordinate execution between concurrent threads, and in turn, assist in constructing complex data structures such as hash tables or implementing GPU-wide barrier synchronization. While the performance of atomic operations has improved substantially on the latest NVIDIA Fermi-based GPUs, system-provided atomic operations still incur significant performance penalties on AMD GPUs. A memory-bound kernel on an AMD GPU, for example, can suffer severe performance degradation when including an atomic operation, even if the atomic operation is never executed. In this paper, we first quantify the performance impact of atomic instructions to application kernels on AMD GPUs. We then propose a novel software-based implementation of atomic operations that can significantly improve the overall kernel performance. We evaluate its performance against the system-provided atomic using two micro-benchmarks and four real applications. The results show that using our software based atomic operations on an AMD GPU can speedup an application kernel by 67-fold over the same application kernel but with the (default) system-provided atomic operations.
Could you starve to death in England in 1839 ? The Chadwick-Farr controversy and the loss of the social in public health

The public health field has long been pulled in two directions, either toward a narrower biomedical mission to control infectious disease or toward a broader mission to address the social and economic factors that adversely affect health and wellbeing. This paper explores as an instance of this tension an 1839 controversy between the statistician William Farr and the pioneering sanitary reformer Edwin Chadwick on the role of starvation as a cause of death. Farr thought hunger contribution significantly to many deaths; Chadwick wanted Farr to concentrate on the diseases from which people actually died. The paper then considers what the "constitutional" disease theories, which underlay Farr's concerns, implied for public health using medical testimony on child labor in industrial revolution factories as an illustration. An exploration of this constitutional medicine may help provide a "useable past" for modern public health workers interested in broadening the scope of public health.
Sex Differences in Body-Cathexis Associated with Exercise Involvement:

The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in body-cathexis associated with exercise involvement. Data were collected from exercising groups of 52 women and 23 men volunteers from a university fitness improvement class and from comparison groups of 41 women and 9 men volunteers from classes unrelated to exercise. Multivariate analysis of variance of prestudy body-cathexis scores identified significant sex differences; men had much higher body-cathexis for waist, hip, thigh, fitness, and weight than did women. Multivariate analysis of poststudy data, normalized to control for prestudy sex differences, yielded a significant effect for the exercise involvement of fitness class men and women. Regular exercise seems to have potential as a method for improving body-cathexis for both men and women. Further research on methods for improving satisfaction with weight is needed.
Predictive mortality models are not like fine wine

The authors of a recent paper have described an updated simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II mortality model developed on patient data from 1998 to 1999. Hospital mortality models have a limited range of applicability. SAPS II, Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III, and mortality probability model (MPM)-II, which were developed in the early 1990s, have shown a decline in predictive accuracy as the models age. The deterioration in accuracy is manifested by a decline in the models' calibration. In particular, mortality tends to get over predicted when older models are applied to more contemporary data, which in turn leads to 'grade inflation' when benchmarking intensive care unit (ICU) performance. Although the authors claim that their updated SAPS II can be used for benchmarking ICU performance, it seems likely that this model might already be out of calibration for patient data collected in 2005 and beyond. Thus, the updated SAPS II model may be interesting for historical purposes, but it is doubtful that it can be an accurate tool for benchmarking data from contemporary populations.
Earmarking draws fire

Earmarking will be a hotly debated issue in Congress next year. At a time when federal research dollars are scarce, key representatives and senators are turning to earmarking as a guaranteed, no-competition source of federal funding for research activities in their states and districts. Senator Sam Nunn, chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, is expected to be a leader in renewed efforts to reduce earmarking. During last November's Senate consideration of HR 2521, the Defense Appropriations Bill for FY 1992, Nunn spoke at length about earmarking of funds. “There are numerous earmarkings for defense research money for special projects at specific universities and colleges,” Nunn said. “What makes this most objectionable is the explicit direction by the conferees to waive existing federal statutes that require these types of awards to be made on the basis of a fair and open competition. In fact, the appropriation conference report specifically prohibits competition for $94.6 million in funding that is directed in 16 colleges and universities in 12 states.”
Variations in evolution of subsumption architectures using genetic programming: the wall following robot revisited

The wall following robot is examined as a potential benchmark problem for applications of genetic programming (GP) to emergent robotic behavior. This paper describes experiments that were performed to characterize the performance, solution space, search space, and robustness using GP with and without automatically defined functions (ADFs). GP with ADFs was unable to significantly outperform GP without ADFs on this problem. A sub-optimal modality was discovered across all four program architectures. Many of the optimal solutions that were discovered tended to limit the number of sensors used for wall-following behavior; some used as few as three sensors. Tests for robustness indicate a "handedness" to the evolved solutions, which does seem to contribute to solution brittleness.
Mild cognitive impairment, amnestic type: an epidemiologic study.

Objective To estimate the prevalence and examine the course of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), amnestic type, using current criteria, within a representative community sample. Methods Retroactive application of MCI criteria to data collected during a prospective epidemiologic study was performed. The subjects were drawn from voter registration lists, composing a cohort of 1,248 individuals with mean age of 74.6 (5.3) years, who were nondemented at entry and who were assessed biennially over 10 years of follow-up. The Petersen amnestic MCI criteria were operationalized as 1) impaired memory: Word List Delayed Recall score of Results At the five assessments, amnestic MCI criteria were met by 2.9 to 4.0% of the cohort. Of 40 persons with MCI at the first assessment, 11 (27%) developed dementia over the next 10 years. Over each 2-year interval, MCI persons showed increased risk of dementing (odds ratio = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.1 to 7.2); 11.1 to 16.7% progressed to Alzheimer disease and 0 to 5.0% progressed to other dementias. Over the same intervals, 11.1 to 21.2% of those with MCI remained MCI; of 33.3 to 55.6% who no longer had MCI, half had reverted to normal. Conclusions In this community-based sample, 3 to 4% of nondemented persons met MCI operational criteria; despite increased risk of progressing to dementia, a substantial proportion also remained stable or reverted to normal during follow-up. Amnestic MCI as currently defined is a high-risk but unstable and heterogeneous group.
The roles of sex steroid receptor coregulators in cancer

Sex steroid hormones, estrogen, progesterone and androgen, play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and development, and in reproductive functions and sexual behavior. Studies have shown that sex steroid hormones are the key regulators in the development and progression of endocrine-related cancers, especially the cancers of the reproductive tissues. The actions of estrogen, progesterone and androgen are mediated through their cognate intracellular receptor proteins, the estrogen receptors (ER), the progesterone receptors (PR) and the androgen receptor (AR), respectively. These receptors are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, which function as transcription factors that regulate their target gene expression. Proper functioning of these steroid receptors maintains the normal responsiveness of the target tissues to the stimulations of the steroid hormones. This permits the normal development and function of reproductive tissues. It can be inferred that factors influencing the expression or function of steroid receptors will interfere with the normal development and function of the target tissues, and may induce pathological conditions, including cancers. In addition to the direct contact with the basal transcription machinery, nuclear receptors enhance or suppress transcription by recruiting an array of coactivators and corepressors, collectively named coregulators. Therefore, the mutation or aberrant expression of sex steroid receptor coregulators will affect the normal function of the sex steroid receptors and hence may participate in the development and progression of the cancers.
Fractional flow in radial flow systems: a study for peripheral waterflood

The Buckley–Leverett displacement mechanism has been used to predict the performance of waterflood. With Buckley–Leverett method, oil recovery from waterflood is calculated and required water injection volume to achieve that oil recovery is estimated. This method does provide a very useful tool in waterflood design. Our experience in oil industry and a thorough literature review indicates that Buckley–Leverett method was used to analyze waterflood project directly without any adjustment based on the real reservoir and production situations. By doing so, errors are introduced into the analysis. Buckley–Leverett method assumed that displacement occurs in a linear system. This is true for some waterflood scenarios while for others it is not. For some waterflood scenarios, a radial system is more appropriate than a linear system. In this study, we investigated the fractional flow in a radial system and derived the solutions to predict the performance of water displacing oil in radial system. With this radial displacement model, design and prediction of waterflood can be achieved by Buckley–Leverett method and our model, whichever fits the waterflood pattern. Considering the fact that many waterflood scenarios follow radial displacement, our model is an important supplement to Buckley–Leverett method.