cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementing a successful hepatitis B vaccination program.

Health care personnel with frequent blood contact are at high risk for being exposed to and developing hepatitis B infection. Exposure to unidentified infectious patients may lead to personnel inadvertently foregoing appropriate, passive immunoprophylaxis. For these reasons, our hospital elected to conduct an aggressive program to administer hepatitis B vaccine to all employees at high risk for exposure to hepatitis B virus, thus protecting such employees from inadvertent occupational exposure. Administrators agreed to offer the vaccine as a free employee health benefit. "Highrisk" employees attended mandatory inservice presentations covering hepatitis B disease, vaccine safety and efficacy, and related concerns. High-risk individuals were required to either receive vaccine or sign "informed refusal" forms. The vaccine clinic was organized to accommodate employee work schedules. Of high-risk employees eligible for vaccination, 90% completed a three-dose vaccine course. Extensive inservice education, financial and administrative support, and careful advance planning are all crucial in achieving high compliance with vaccination programs. A description of key steps in designing a successful vaccination program is outlined. [Infect Control 1985; 6(8):306-309.]
Novel Therapies for Heart Failure – Where Do They Stand? –

Despite advances in therapy, patients with heart failure (HF) continue to experience unacceptably high rates of hospitalization and death, as well as poor quality of life. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for new treatments that can improve the clinical course of the growing worldwide population of HF patients. Serelaxin and ularatide, both based on naturally occurring peptides, have potent vasodilatory as well as other effects on the heart and kidneys. For both agents, phase 3 studies that are designed to determine whether they improve outcomes in patients with acute HF have completed enrollment. TRV027, a biased ligand for the type 1 angiotensin receptor with effects that extend beyond traditional angiotensin-receptor blockers is also being studied in the acute HF population. Omecamtiv mecarbil, an inotropic agent that improves myocardial contractility by a novel mechanism, and vericiguat, a drug that stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase, are both being developed to treat patients with chronic HF. Finally, despite the negative results of the CUPID study, gene transfer therapy continues to be explored as a means of improving the function of the failing heart. The basis for the use of these drugs and their current status in clinical trials are discussed. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1882-1891).
Standardized Reporting in IR: A Prospective Multi-Institutional Pilot Study.

Abstract Purpose To assess adoption and survey-based satisfaction rates following deployment of standardized interventional radiology (IR) procedure reports across multiple institutions. Materials and Methods Standardized reporting templates for 5 common interventional procedures (central venous access, inferior vena cava [IVC] filter insertion, IVC filter removal, uterine artery embolization, and vertebral augmentation) were distributed to 20 IR practices in a prospective quality-improvement study. Participating sites edited the reports according to institutional preferences and deployed them for a 1-year pilot study concluding in July 2015. Study compliance was measured by sampling 20 reports of each procedure type at each institution, and surveys of interventionalists and referring physicians were performed. Modifications to the standardized reporting templates at each site were analyzed. Results Ten institutions deployed the standardized reports, with 8 achieving deployment of 3–12 months. The mean report usage rate was 57%. Each site modified the original reports, with 26% mean reduction in length, 18% mean reduction in wordiness, and 60% mean reduction in the number of forced fill-in fields requiring user input. Linear-regression analysis revealed that reduced number of forced fill-in fields correlated significantly with increased usage rate ( R 2 = 0.444; P = .05). Surveys revealed high satisfaction rates among referring physicians but lower satisfaction rates among interventional radiologists. Conclusions Standardized report adoption rates increased when reports were simplified by reducing the number of forced fill-in fields. Referring physicians preferred the standardized reports, whereas interventional radiologists preferred standard narrative reports.
Quantifying the impact of shear wavelength and kernel size on shear wave speed estimation

Quantitative measurements of tissue stiffness can be obtained by measuring the speed of shear waves induced in tissue by acoustic radiation force. In homogeneous media, time-of-flight (TOF) measurements of shear wave speed (SWS) ideally are independent of the size of the region of interest (or reconstruction kernel). However, in heterogeneous media, shear wave morphology is altered by discontinuities in stiffness due to reflections or boundary conditions, which introduce error to the measured SWS. In addition, the size of the reconstruction kernel limits the spatial resolution, or ability to precisely localize changes in stiffness. This study investigated the impact of shear wavelength, and reconstruction kernel size on the accuracy and spatial resolution of TOF SWS reconstruction in heterogeneous media using finite element method (FEM) simulations. SWS estimation error was found to be most severe at locations where the shear wave travels through a stiff-to-soft interface, where reflections with the same polarity as the incident wave occur. The magnitude and spatial extent of errors near stiffness discontinuities in the direction of shear wave propagation increase as the shear wavelength increases, due to the larger size of the reflected wave. The SWS reconstruction error near stiffness discontinuities orthogonal to the direction of shear wave propagation was also found to be more severe for larger shear wavelengths. The ability of the shear wave to conform to discontinuities in stiffness in this orientation is limited by the boundary condition that the shear wave displacements must remain continuous. The spatial resolution of SWS estimates, as measured using edge widths at stiffness discontinuities, was found to be directly related to the reconstruction kernel size. Although SWS images represent quantitative measurements of stiffness, their spatial resolution is inherently inferior to ARFI images, since reconstruction kernels of finite spatial extent must always be used.
Classification of breast lesions using cross-modal deep learning

Automatic detection and classification of lesions in medical images is a desirable goal, with numerous clinical applications. In breast imaging, multiple modalities such as X-ray, ultrasound and MRI are often used in the diagnostic workflow. Training robust classifiers for each modality is challenging due to the typically small size of the available datasets. We propose to use cross-modal transfer learning to improve the robustness of the classifiers. We demonstrate the potential of this approach on a problem of identifying masses in breast MRI images, using a network that was trained on mammography images. Comparison between cross-modal and cross-domain transfer learning showed that the former improved the classification performance, with overall accuracy of 0.93 versus 0.90, while the accuracy of de-novo training was 0.94. Using transfer learning within the medical imaging domain may help to produce standard pre-trained shared models, which can be utilized to solve a variety of specific clinical problems.
Almost Completely Decomposable Groups

An almost completely decomposable group is a torsion-free abelian group G of finite rank quasi-isomorphic to a completely decomposable group. An almost completely decomposable group is a Butler group, by Corollary 3.2.4, but any strongly indecomposable Butler group with finite rank greater than 1 is not almost completely decomposable.
On the Solvability of the Zaremba Problem in Infinite Sectors and the Invertibility of Associated Singular Integral Operators

This paper is concerned with the study of invertibility properties of a singular integral operator naturally associated with the Zaremba problem for the Laplacian in infinite sectors in two dimensions, when considering its action on an appropriate Lebesgue scale of p integrable functions, for 1 < p < ∞. Concretely we consider the case in which a Dirichlet boundary condition is imposed on one ray of the sector, and a Neumann boundary condition is imposed on the other ray. In this geometric context, using Mellin transform techniques, we identify the set of critical integrability indexes p for which the invertibility fails, and we establish an explicit characterization of the L p spectrum of this operator for each p ∈ (1, ∞). This analysis, along with a divergence theorem with non-tangential trace, are then used to establish well-posedness of the Zaremba problem with L p data in infinite sectors in \(\mathbb{R}^{2}\).
Selective Insulation of Carbon nanotubes

We demonstrate a method for the selective encapsulation of carbon nanotubes in thin parylene films using iron as a sacrificial lift-off layer. The iron serves as an inhibitor of parylene deposition and prevents the parylene molecules from linking, thus facilitating selective area coating after lift-off.
4-Selective Pyridine Functionalization Reactions via Heterocyclic Phosphonium Salts

Pyridines are widely used across the chemical sciences in applications ranging from pharmaceuticals, ligands for metal complex and battery technologies. Direct functionalization of pyridine C–H bonds is an important strategy to make useful pyridine derivatives, but there are few ways to selectively transform the 4-position of the scaffold. We recently reported that pyridines can be converted into heterocyclic phosphonium salts that can serve as generic handles for multiple subsequent bond-forming processes. Reactions with nucleophiles and transition-metal cross-couplings will be described to make C–O, C–S, C–N, and C–C bonds in a diverse range of pyridines including those embedded in complex pharmaceuticals. 1 Introduction 2 Direct, Regioselective Functionalization of Pyridines 3 4-Position Selectivity via Metal Catalysis 4 Versatile Functional Groups versus Specific Bond Constructions 5 Phosphonium Salts as Reagents for Pyridine Functionalization 6 Conclusions
Use of a New Imaging Technique to Document Deformations Recorded in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope

The introduction of the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) greatly Improved the functionality of scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology by allowing objects to be imaged in water-vapor under low vacuum, and without the need for coating to facilitate electrical conductivity. The low vacuum environment allows Imaging of delicate structures, such as needlelike crystals, without fear of damaging the object in the process of viewing it.
Random Fuzzy Numbers and Vectors

We first discuss how we plan to produce random triangular (trapezoidal) fuzzy numbers. Then we define quadratic fuzzy numbers and show how we can produce random sequences of these fuzzy numbers using sequences of random vectors of real numbers. Random quadratic fuzzy numbers are used in Chapters 10 and 27. In the last section we consider producing random sequences of fuzzy vectors \(\overline{V}=(\overline{X}_1,...,\overline{X}_n)\) where the \(\overline{X}_i\) are triangular/trapezoidal fuzzy numbers or quadratic fuzzy numbers. These random sequences of fuzzy vectors have applications throughout these chapters; triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) in Chapters 11-12, 15-17; trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TrFNs) in Chapter 13; and QBGFNs (defined below) in Chapters 6-10, 19 and 27. We also abbreviate “fuzzy numbers” as FNs. Trapezoidal shaped fuzzy numbers have applications in Chapters 13, 20-22 and 26.
Risk factors identification and visualization for work-related musculoskeletal disorders with wearable and connected gait analytics system and kinect skeleton models

Abstract Risk factors, such as overexertion, awkward postures, excessive repetition, and the combination of these factors are main causes of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). In this paper, we proposed an automatic WMSDs risk factors identification and visualization method based on Wearable and Connected Gait Analytics System (WCGAS) and Kinect skeleton models. WCGAS was capable of recording plantar pressure from which postures, force exertions, and repetitions could be recognized with algorithms such as sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm and long short term memory (LSTM) network. Kinect skeleton models were used to make the WMSDs risk factors visualized. Experiments with quasi-static and sequential postures were designed to evaluate the recognition performance of work-related motion type (i.e. “lifting”, “carrying”, “bending”, “pulling”, and “pushing”). A load variable (with/without 10 kg load) was introduced for evaluating the performance of force exertions recognition. 5 repetitions of each motion were used for evaluating the performance of repetitions recognition. Results showed that quasi-static postures could be recognized with 100% accuracy and the accuracy for sequential motions recognition were 74%, 79%, 92%, 99% and 99% for “bending”, “carrying”, “lifting”, “pulling” and “pushing”, respectively. Force exertions were recognized with 100% accuracy. For repetitions recognition, except the accuracy in the “bending” motion was 80%, the repetitions of other motions could be recognized correctly. Kinect skeleton model showed its ability of making the WMSDs risk factors vivid which would contribute to the accuracy of WMSDs risks evaluation. These results indicated that it is possible to use WCGAS and Kinect skeleton models for WMSDs risk factors identification and visualization applications.
Evidence-Based Disordered Eating Prevention Programs for Active Females

In this chapter, the authors discuss the role that self-concept plays as a modulator in disordered eating. While there are many models for self-concept, all models recognize that the development of positive self-esteem is multidimensional and an individual’s perception of self can be affected by the environment in both positive and negative ways. Effective prevention and intervention programs must recognize the importance of enhanced self-esteem and embrace the development of this concept in their programs for positive health behavior change. Numerous theoretical frameworks have been proposed to explain and predict the process of health behavior change. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) developed by Prochaska and DiClemente as a model of intentional behavior change is highlighted in this chapter. Targeted educational programs to prevent disordered eating for female athletes are presented and contact information for more details for research based effective programs are provided in a summary format.
Synexin-Driven Membrane Fusion: Molecular Basis for Exocytosis

Secretion by exocytosis involves fusion of a secretory vesicle membrane with the plasma membrane of the secreting cell. In many endocrine cells, including chromaffin cells and pancreatic β-cells, such simple exocytosis is followed by contact and fusion of more deeply situated secretory vesicles with the initially fused secretory vesicle membranes. The latter process is called compound exocytosis, and presumably allows for additional secretion without moving secretory granules long distances through the cytoskeleton to reach the plasma membrane.
Defending wireless networks from radio interference attacks

Wireless networks are built upon a shared medium that makes it easy for adversaries to conduct radio interference, or jamming attacks, which effectively cause a denial of service (DoS) of either transmission or reception functionalities. These attacks can be easily accomplished by an adversary by either bypassing MAC-layer protocols, or emitting a radio signal targeted at jamming a particular channel. In this thesis, we examine the issue of jamming wireless networks, and sensor networks in particular, by studying both the attack and defense side of the problem. On the attack side, we present four different jamming attack models that can be used by an adversary to disable the operation of a wireless network, and evaluate their effectiveness in terms of how each method affects the ability of a wireless node to send and receive packets. In order to cope with the problem of jamming, we discuss a two-phase strategy involving the diagnosis of the attack, followed by a suitable defense strategy. For detection, we show that single measurement statistics are not enough to reliably classify the presence of a jamming attack, and propose multimodal detection methods. To cope with jamming, we propose a technique, channel surfing, which involves evading the interferer in the spectral domain. Several different channel surfing models are presented, and we evaluate their effectiveness using a testbed of MICA2 motes. Beyond channel surfing, we overview a second defense strategy whereby it is possible to establish a low data rate jamming resistant communication channel by modulating the interarrival times between jammed packets.
The Tiniest Particles: An Invisible Hazard

In the last decade a new line of research has been looking into the possibility that the tiniest of ambient particulate matter, ultrafine particles, might pose an additional health risk to people who are exposed. Ultrafine levels are elevated near major roadways and highways as well as other locations. People living near highways who experience these higher exposures have increased risk of a number of adverse health outcomes. Very new research is consistent with ultrafines being associated with these health outcomes. Ultrafines are surprising in many ways. Because they are so small they often behave more like gasses than particles. One disturbing and fascinating finding is that they easily cross biological barriers. In fact, they can travel down the olfactory nerve at the back of the nose directly into the brain. Because of the local nature of ultrafine exposures (as opposed to PM2.5 which is more regional) community-university research partnerships have been part of the effort to define and address the hazard.
Infectious Keratitis After Ocular Surface Stem Cell Transplantation.

Purpose:To describe the rate, clinical/microbiological characteristics, and outcomes of infectious keratitis in eyes with limbal stem cell deficiency after ocular surface stem cell transplantation (OSST).Methods:In this retrospective chart review of 278 eyes that underwent OSST between January 2006
Ultrarapid Rule-out for Acute Myocardial Infarction Using the Generation 5 Cardiac Troponin T Assay: Results From the REACTION-US Study

Study objective We determine how well a new Food and Drug Administration–approved single cardiac troponin T (cTnT) Generation 5 baseline measurement below the level of quantification (6 ng/L) and a novel study-derived baseline and 30-minute cTnT Generation 5 algorithm might adequately exclude acute myocardial infarction in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome in a US emergency department (ED). Methods Patients presenting with any symptoms suspicious for acute coronary syndrome were enrolled at a single US ED. Baseline and 30-minute blood samples were obtained and cTnT Generation 5 levels were later batch analyzed in an independent core laboratory. Acute myocardial infarction diagnosis was adjudicated by a cardiologist and an emergency physician. Results Of the 569 study patients, 44 (7.7%) had an acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. One hundred sixty-four patients (28.8%) had a presentation cTnT Generation 5 level less than 6 ng/L, and none of these individuals had an acute myocardial infarction (negative predictive value of 100% [95% confidence interval 97.8% to 100.0%] and sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval 92.0% to 100.0%]). A baseline cTnT Generation 5 value of less than 8 ng/L and a 30-minute Δ of less than 3 ng/L were present in 221 patients (41.0%), and none had acute myocardial infarction (negative predictive value of 100% [95% confidence interval 98.3% to 100.0%] and sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval 92.0% to 100.0%]). Conclusion In a single US ED, a single baseline cTnT Generation 5 measurement less than 6 mg/L and values at baseline less than 8 ng/L and a 30-minute Δ of less than 3 ng/L ruled out acute myocardial infarction in 28.8% and 41.0% of patients, respectively. Additional multicenter US studies evaluating these ultrarapid acute myocardial infarction rule-out guidelines are needed, especially to narrow the confidence intervals.
A representação do espaço e da paisagem nas telas de videogame: possibilidades para o ensino de geografia/The representation of space and landscape on videogame screens: possibilities for geography education

Os jogos eletronicos fazem parte do cotidiano da sociedade. Embora sejam muitas vezes tratados como objetos de lazer, podem contribuir para compreensao de temas geograficos como espaco e paisagem. O artigo discute a potencialidade destes artefatos para a construcao de conhecimento nesta disciplina. Apresentamos as analises da pratica pedagogica realizada com turmas de Ensino Fundamental e Medio de uma escola publica explorando diferentes jogos eletronicos para desenvolver os conceitos de Geografia. No processo de interacao entre estudantes e diferentes cenarios, ha a apropriacao destes espacos, percebendo suas paisagens e estabelecendo relacoes entre o conhecimento e o contexto explorado.Palavras-chave: Educacao; geografia; videogame. ABSTRACTElectronic games are part of everyday life in society. Although often treated as leisure objects, they can contribute to the understandingof geographical themes such as space and landscape. The article discusses the potentiality of these artifacts for the construction of knowledge in this discipline. We present the analyzes of the pedagogical practice performed with classes of Elementary and High School of a public school exploring different electronic games to develop the concepts of Geography. In the process of interaction between students and different scenarios, there is the appropriation of these spaces, perceiving their landscapes and establishing relationships between knowledge and the context explored.Keywords: Education; geography; videogame.
How does homeostasis happen? Integrative physiological, systems biological, and evolutionary perspectives.

Homeostasis is a founding principle of integrative physiology. In current systems biology, however, homeostasis seems almost invisible. Is homeostasis a key goal driving body processes, or is it an...
The influence of plant size on attack rates of Oxyops vitiosa, an introduced herbivore of Melaleuca quinquenervia

Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was released in Florida in 1997 as a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake. Three years after rel...
Use of Longitudinal EEG Measures in Estimating Language Development in Infants With and Without Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Language development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) varies greatly among affected individuals and is a strong predictor of later outcomes. Younger siblings of children with ASD hav...
Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling

This chapter will provide you with an understanding of the regulation of Ca2+ in the myocardium, its physiological implication as well as its role in orchestrating myocardial contraction. The chapter explores the processes of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) and calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) whilst appreciating the relevance of ECC in pathology and in engineering heart tissue.
Administrative Corruption and Integrity Violations in the Charter School Sector

Charter school legislation permits new actors to compete for public funds to provide education to K-12 students across the United States. Proponents of market-oriented policies predict that privati...
BAYES MODIFIED MINIMAX EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Existing Bayes strategies for design have been known to be inadequate when the prior density does not describe a real random variable. The responses of the designs to conservative prior information are illogical in that the more conservative the prior density, the smaller the design sample size required. Thus prior ignorance is rewarded. A design strategy based upon a Bayesian modification of the minimax principle is developed for test of the form H0 :θ ɛ Θ0 vs.H1 : θ ɛ Θ1. The noninformative prior for hypothesis testing is defined and the Bayesian modified minimax test with noninformational prior is compared with the classical minimax test.
Surgical excision and distilled water lysis of a congenital corneal intrastromal cyst.

Abstract Purpose To describe imaging findings and encourage the use of distilled water as an adjuvant osmolytic in the surgical management of corneal intrastromal cysts. Observations A five-year-old female with no history of ocular trauma presented with a visually significant corneal opacity of the left eye. She was diagnosed with a presumed corneal intrastromal cyst and underwent surgical excision with distilled water osmolysis of the cyst cavity. Conclusions and Importance Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can confirm diagnosis of intrastromal cysts. Presumed epithelial cell nests remain visible at post-operative month eight, with no evidence for cyst recurrence. The authors propose that OCT findings are pathognomonic for corneal intrastromal cysts and that cyst excision combined with distilled water osmolysis at the time of debridement may be beneficial in conserving tissue integrity.
Partial melting of a depleted peridotite metasomatized by a MORB-derived hydrous silicate melt - Implications for subduction zone magmatism

Abstract Recent geodynamic models and geothermometers suggest that slabs in intermediate to hot subduction zone cross the water-saturated basalt solidus, indicating that hydrous silicate melts are important agents of mass transfer from slab to mantle wedge beneath arcs. Yet the effects of basaltic crust-derived hydrous melt fluxing on mantle wedge melting are poorly known. Here we present the melting phase relations of a depleted peridotite + a MORB-derived hydrous silicate melt at a melt:rock mass ratio of 0.1 and 0.05 (3.5 and 1.7 wt.% H2O, respectively) to simulate fluid-present partial melting of a depleted peridotite, which has been metasomatized by a hydrous silicate melt derived from subducting basaltic crust. Experiments were performed at 2–3 GPa and 900–1250 °C in a piston cylinder, using Au and Au75Pd25 capsules. Amphibole (7–10 wt.%) is stable up to 1000 °C at 2 and 3 GPa coexisting with an assemblage dominated by olivine and opx and with minor fractions of cpx and garnet at 3 GPa. The apparent fluid-saturated solidus of our bulk composition is located at 1000–1050 °C, coinciding with the exhaustion of amphibole at 2 and 3 GPa. Amphibole is exhausted between 0 and 5 wt.% melting at 2 and 3 GPa and dominates the melting reactions in this melting interval along with opx, generating SiO2 and Al2O3-rich, and FeO*- and MgO-poor primitive andesites under fluid-saturated conditions. The melting reactions during low-degree, fluid-saturated melting are incongruent, consuming opx and producing olivine + SiO2-rich melts and is observed over a wide range of starting compositions and pressures from this study and others. As extent of melting increases and the free fluid phase is consumed, a spectrum of basaltic andesites to basanites are produced. Comparison of experimental partial melts from this and other hydrous peridotite melting studies with natural primitive arc magmas suggests that melting of peridotites with varying bulk compositions but with 2.5 – 4.2 wt.% H2O can reproduce the major oxide spread and trends of primitive arc magmas globally. From this comparison, it is clear that differences solely in the pressure of hydrous mantle melting, where the partial melts are fluid-under saturated, can account for the first order trends observed in experimental and natural data, with differences in temperature and composition contributing to the compositional spread within these trends. The ubiquity of andesite genesis over a wide range of pressures and bulk compositions during aqueous fluid-saturated melting suggests that the relative rarity of primitive andesitic melt flux through the crust could be related to the fact that such melts are only produced at the base of the mantle wedge where temperatures are relatively low. As fluid-saturated andesitic melts ascend into the hotter core of the mantle wedge, they are likely consumed by higher-degree, fluid-undersaturated melting generating more common hydrous basaltic melts.
THE OPTX PROJECT. IV. HOW RELIABLE IS [O III] AS A MEASURE OF AGN ACTIVITY?*

We compare optical and hard X-ray identifications of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using a uniformly selected (above a flux limit of f 2-8 keV = 3.5 ? 10?15?erg?cm?2?s?1) and highly optically spectroscopically complete (>80% for f 2-8 keV > 10?14?erg?cm?2?s?1 and >60% below) 2-8?keV sample observed in three Chandra fields (CLANS, CLASXS, and the CDF-N). We find that empirical emission-line ratio diagnostic diagrams misidentify 50% of the X-ray-selected AGNs that can be put on these diagrams as star formers. We confirm that there is a large (two orders of magnitude) dispersion in the ratio of the [O III]?5007 (hereafter [O III]) to hard X-ray luminosities for the non-broad-line AGNs, even after applying reddening corrections to the [O III] luminosities. We find that the dispersion is similar for the broad-line AGNs, where there is not expected to be much X-ray absorption from an obscuring torus around the AGN nor much obscuration from the galaxy along the line of sight if the AGN is aligned with the galaxy. We postulate that the X-ray-selected AGNs that are misidentified by the diagnostic diagrams have low [O III] luminosities due to the complexity of the structure of the narrow-line region, which causes many ionizing photons from the AGN not to be absorbed. This would mean that the [O III] luminosity can only be used to predict the X-ray luminosity to within a factor of ~3 (1?). Despite selection effects, we show that the shapes and normalizations of the [O III] and transformed hard X-ray luminosity functions show reasonable agreement, suggesting that the [O III] samples are not finding substantially more AGNs at low redshifts than hard X-ray samples.
Computational Simulations for Infrared Laser Sealing and Cutting of Blood Vessels

Blood vessel burst pressures were simulated and predicted for sealing and cutting of vessels in a two-step process, using low (<25 W), medium (∼100 W), and high (200 W) power lasers at a wavelength of 1470 nm. Monte Carlo optical transport, heat transfer, Arrhenius integral tissue damage simulations, and vessel pressure equations were utilized. The purpose of these studies was to first validate the numerical model by comparison with experimental results (for low and medium power) and then to use the model to simulate parameters that could not be experimentally tested (for high power). The goal was to reduce the large range of parameters (power, irradiation time, and linear beam dimensions) to be tested in future experiments, for achieving short vessel sealing/cutting times, minimal bifurcated seal zones (BSZ), and high vessel burst pressures. Blood vessels were compressed to 400 μm thickness. A wide range of linear beam profiles (1-5 mm widths and 8-9.5 mm lengths), incident powers (20-200 W) and clinically relevant irradiation times (0.5-5.0 s) were simulated and peak seal and cut temperatures as well as thermal seal zones, ablation zones, and BSZ computed. A simplistic mathematical expression was used to estimate vessel burst pressures based on seal width. Optimal low-power parameters were: 24W/5s/8 × 2 mm (sealing) and 24W/5s/8x1mm (cutting), yielding a BSZ of 0.4 mm, corresponding to experimental burst pressures of ∼450 mmHg. Optimal medium-power parameters were: 90W/1s/9.5x3mm (sealing) and 90W/1s/9.5x1mm (cutting), yielding a BSZ of 0.9 mm for burst pressures of ∼1300 mmHg. Simulated only optimal high-power parameters were: 200W/0.5s/9x3 mm (sealing) and 200W/0.5s/9x1mm (cutting), yielding a BSZ of 0.9 mm and extrapolated to predict a seal strength of ∼1300 mmHg. All lasers produced seal zones between 0.4-1.5 mm, corresponding to high vessel burst pressures of 300-1300 mmHg (well above normal systolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg). Higher laser powers enable shorter sealing/cutting times and higher vessel strengths.
The utility of ThyroSeq® in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules by fine-needle aspiration.

OBJECTIVE We aim to evaluate the impact of ThyroSeq® in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITN), including Bethesda III and IV nodules. METHODS ITNs that underwent ThyroSeq testing between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. A control cohort included ITNs without molecular testing. Cytological, molecular, and histological data were collected. RESULTS We identified 202 ITNs that underwent molecular testing (128 in Bethesda III and 74 in Bethesda IV). Mutations were found in 58 nodules with mutation rates of 21.9% in Bethesda III and 40.5% in Bethesda IV. In this cohort, 49 cases had surgical resection with a resection rate of 24.3% (49/202, 15.6% in Bethesda III and 39.2% in Bethesda IV). Among the resected cases, 42 cases had positive molecular results. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 21 nodules with a malignancy detection rate of 10.4%. In the other cohort, we identified 236 ITNs (158 in Bethesda III and 78 in Bethesda IV). Surgical resection was performed in 127 cases, with a resection rate of 53.8% (127/236, 46.2% in Bethesda III and 69.2% in Bethesda IV). Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 21 nodules, with a malignancy detection rate of 8.9%. The risk of malignancy (ROM) recalculated based on positive ThyroSeq results was significantly higher (21.4%-35.5% in Bethesda III and 50%-60% in Bethesda IV) than that without molecular testing (4.4%-9.6% in Bethesda III and 17.9%-25.9% in Bethesda IV). CONCLUSION We concluded that ThyroSeq significantly decreased the surgical resection rate (from 53.8% to 24.3%) without significantly affecting the malignancy detection rate in ITNs. Furthermore, positive molecular testing significantly increased ROM in ITNs. We believe that the recalculated ROM should be incorporated into the management of ITNs.
Multiangle PW Compounding Supports ARFI Variance of Acceleration (VoA) Carotid Plaque Imaging for Integration with Vector Doppler

Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Log Variance of Acceleration (log(VoA)) was previously demonstrated with a single ARFI excitation and plane wave (PW) tracking to detect plaque structure and composition. However, a separate multi-angle sequence was required to enable simultaneous display of 2-D vector-Doppler (VD) and plaque morphology. This paper evaluates the performance of various multi-angle compounded PW implementations of log(VOA). Experiments were conducted in a CIRS elastic phantom and in an excised human cadaveric carotid. In phantoms, increasing SNR by way of compounding increased inclusion SNR and CNR. Increasing the angle range over which PWs were steered decreased SNR, but did not appreciably change CNR. When applied to the ex vivo carotid, an angle range of 10° best predicted calcium area (as validated by spatially-aligned, expert-segmented histology), and higher number of angles spanning 10° improved delineation of plaque boundaries. These results suggest that, compared to an unsteered PW sequence, a multi-angle compounded PW sequence improves log(VoA) performance, suggesting the potential for extension to implementation with concurrent vector Doppler imaging.
There's No Place Like Home: Applying Dispute System Design Theory to Create a Foreclosure Mediation System

This article analyzes the theory of dispute system design when put into action to meet a current economic crisis. In partnership with the City of Milwaukee, Marquette University Law School designed and now operates a voluntary mediation program to deal with the foreclosure crisis. The creation of the Marquette Foreclosure Mediation Program (MFMP) is a case study in dispute system design. Because MFMP is unlike other foreclosure mediation programs - in that it is was designed in conjunction with and is now operated by a law school - the design structure and results analysis are unique and can provide important insights for foreclosure programs around the country. This Article uses a dispute system design (DSD) framework to analyze the MFMP. After providing a brief history of the foreclosure crisis in Milwaukee, and the process design of MFMP, the Article then utilizes DSD to analyze MFMP on several different factors. The Article examines participation in the design, the suitability of mediation for this crisis, results thus far, and lessons in permeability and sustainability. Finally, we draw lessons for other designers - dispute system professionals, courts, and legislatures - in how to effectively manage this type of program.
Parallel 2D Graded Guaranteed Quality Delaunay Mesh Refinement

We develop a theoretical framework for constructing guaranteed quality Delaunay meshes in parallel for general two-dimensional geometries. This paper presents a new approach for constructing graded meshes, i.e., meshes with element size controlled by a user-defined criterion. The sequential Delaunay refinement algorithms are based on inserting points at the circumcenters of triangles of poor quality or unacceptable size. We call two points Delaunay-independent if they can be inserted concurrently without destroying the conformity and Delaunay properties of the mesh. The contribution of this paper is three-fold. First, we present a number of local conditions of point Delaunay-independence, which do not rely on any global mesh metrics. Our sufficient conditions of point Delaunay-independence allow to select points for concurrent insertion in such a way that the standard sequential guaranteed quality Delaunay refinement procedures can be applied in parallel to attain the required element quality constraints. Second, we prove that a quadtree, constructed in a specific way, can be used to guide the parallel refinement, so that the points, simultaneously inserted in multiple leaves, are Delaunay-independent. Third, by experimental comparison with the well-known guaranteed quality sequential meshing software, we show that our method does not lead to overrefinement, while matching its quality and allowing for code re-use.
GTP Metabolism Regulates Cancer Cell Invasion

Invasion is a prerequisite for metastasis which is the most detrimental feature of virtually all types of cancers. Tumor cell invasion has been strongly associated with the activity of small GTPases, in particular those of the RHO-GTPase family. The question of whether tumor cells possess intrinsic ability to regulate activity of the above GTPases and subsequently invasion by manipulating intracellular GTP pools has never been addressed. We demonstrate that a purine nucleotide metabolism enzyme guanosine monophosphate reductase (GMPR) suppresses the ability of highly invasive melanoma cells to invade in vitro and grow as tumor xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, GMPR partially depleted intracellular GTP pools and reduced the amounts of several GTP-bound (active) RHO-GTPases. shRNA-mediated inhibition of GMPR or addition of exogenous guanosine increased activity of the same RHO-GTPases and up-regulated invasion in melanoma cells and cells from different types of cancers. Ectopic expression of constitutive...
Problem-based learning: A staff development model for tight budget times

ABSTRACT The continuous staff development required in modern libraries is seldom matched by sufficient funding or time. By applying the essential elements of adult learning theory, managers in even the smallest libraries can design effective growth opportunities for staff while still meeting essential output goals. Problem-based learning requires knowledgeable professionals to apply new material in a familiar setting by using it to solve extant problems. This paper provides both the theory behind and working examples of this development model, to further its application in all types of libraries.
Saintly visions: Other histories and history’s others in the medieval ruins of Delhi

This article is centrally concerned with understanding the perceived presence of Muslim saintly figures at various medieval ruins in contemporary Delhi. I explore how popular relationships with the...
Late clear corneal wound failure after trivial trauma

A clear corneal cataract wound ruptured after trivial trauma. The wound did not meet the criteria for wound stability as previously recommended. This case illustrates the potential public health hazard with the increasing use of clear corneal cataract surgery. Proper wound design can eliminate this risk. Patients without proper wound design should be cautioned to wear protective eyewear to avoid serious or blinding trauma.
Background Factors Common among Outstanding Community College Presidents

A survey instrument requesting demographic and background information mailed to a population of 975 presidents of public two-year college elicited 718 responses. Based on peer selection, 622 respondents were classified as normative and 96 as outstanding. The authors compare responses from both groups, create a profile of an outstanding president, and discuss recommendations for practice and future research in light of that profile.
Deep impact craters in the Isidis and southwestern Utopia Planitia regions of Mars: High target material strength as a possible cause

] Using THEMIS, MOC and MOLA data, we havefound 51 craters in the diameter range 6–11.8 km withinsouthwestern Utopia Planitia and Isidis Planitia that aresignificantly deeper than typical fresh craters in the northernlowlands of Mars. The restricted geographic distribution ofthese craters, their simple morphology, and data fromimpact and explosion crater studies suggest that unusuallystrong target materials (as much as a factor of 2 greater thanaverage materials in the Martian lowlands) are the cause ofthe excessive crater depth. We propose that the greater targetmaterial strength acts to delay gravity-dominated collapse tolarger crater sizes. Furthermore, we suggest that a regional,olivine-rich mafic to untramafic rock unit identified by TESand THEMIS is a reasonable candidate for these strongmaterials. The unit is exposed on the southern edge of Isidisbasin and in crater ejecta within the basin, and forms layersthat dip toward the Isidis Basin center.
Reticular units: relations between responses to sensory stimulation and responses to neurohumors.

Evidence is presented which supports the hypothesis that mesencephalic reticular neurons which show an increase in rate on presentation of arousing sensory stimuli are inhibited by topical adrenergic stimulation, and that cholinergic effects on these neurons are variable according to local geography, perhaps representing functional groups. The data was obtained from acute curarized rat preparations with microgram quantities of transmitter substances applied in crystaline form to the vicinity of the neurons with implanted cannulae.
Post-fire regeneration strategies of Californian coastal sage shrubs.

Regeneration methods for coastal sage srub vegetation after fire were studied in the coastal Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. Six sites were sampled two years after a large fire of fall, 1978. The intensity of fire varied. Foliar cover and flowering incidence were recorded for individuals regenerating by resprouting or from seed. Resprouting plants contributed most to post-fire recovery, comprising 95% of the relative foliar shrub cover; 84% of resprout and 47% of seedling cover had flowered. An ANOVA of reproductive mode and fire intensity indicates that resprout total cover and individual size are significantly greater than those of seedlings, regardless of fire intensity. Among sites the average foliar cover of resprouts exceeded that of seedlings by factors ranging from 9 to 63. All coastal sage species examined resprout, although the potential vigor of resprouting appears to vary widely within genera (e.g. Encelia, Eriogonum, and Salvia) and even within species. In the second growing season following fire seedling density increased due to seeds shed by resprouted shrubs. Most of the cover on these stands of coastal sage scrub is destined to be either crown-sprouted individuals or their progeny.
Room air or 100% oxygen for resuscitation of infants with perinatal depression

Purpose of review : The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommends initiating neonatal resuscitation with concentrations of oxygen between 21 and 100%. This wide range of oxygen concentrations recommended for resuscitation highlights the lack of evidence supporting either 21 or 100% O 2 . The purpose of this review is to analyze the efficacy of reoxygenation with 100% O 2 or room air on rates of return of spontaneous circulation - the main goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Recent findings : Clinical studies suggest that reoxygenation initiated with room air is effective in depressed neonates born with a preserved circulation. Reoxygenation with room air in these infants is associated with lower levels of circulating markers of oxidative stress than reoxygenation with 100% oxygen. However, there is no evidence that resuscitation with room air is as effective as that with 100% oxygen in restoration of an arrested circulation. In fact, animal studies indicate that, in comparison with 100% oxygen, reoxygenation with room air results in more sluggish restoration of depressed cerebral and systemic circulations. Summary : Prior to a revision of current neonatal resuscitation guidelines it must be determined whether resuscitation initiated with room air results in the same rate of return of spontaneous circulation as resuscitation initiated with 100% oxygen.
Localization of inhibition of replicon initiation to damaged regions of DNA.

Abstract Irradiation of synchronized S phase Chinese hamster ovary cells with 313 nm wavelength light inhibited the initiation of replicons in DNA substituted with bromodeoxyuridine but did not affect the replication of unsubstituted DNA occurring simultaneously in the same cells. This result suggests that initiation is inhibited only in the region of the chromosome that sustains damage. Calculations of the frequency of damaged sites suggest that this inhibition, and probably a similar effect induced by X-rays, could be mediated by conformational changes in regions of individual DNA molecules up to several hundred μm in length.
Automated setup and reconfiguration for modular fixturing

Abstract Current trends in manufacturing have identified the need for automation and flexibility in fixture design. The majority of flexible fixturing systems, however, are not well suited for automation. Modular fixtures can be designed to meet the requirements for traditional fixtures in addition to those for modern automation. This paper discusses the issues involved in the automation of modular fixtures with emphasis on automated planning. These issues include proper design, determination of layout requirements, feasibility and automatic reconfiguration. Requirements and guidelines for each issue will first be presented in a general format, and then applied specifically to sheet-metal fixturing.