cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventing female-perpetrated sexual abuse

Sexual abuse and sexual assault are serious public health concerns. Although almost all of the research shows that the majority of sexual perpetrators are males, there is growing evidence that female-perpetrated sexual abuse is not rare and that the consequences of female-perpetrated sexual abuse can be just as traumatic as male-perpetrated sexual abuse. Despite this, there has been very little research published that has focused on female sex offending. Furthermore, although there have been some efforts in the past decade to stop sexual offenses by targeting potential perpetrators, few efforts have specifically focused on preventing females from becoming sex offenders. In an attempt to fill this gap, this article describes common characteristics of female sex offenders; and, based on these characteristics, suggestions are given of possible ways to intervene in the lives of at-risk females before they offend.
Valuation of scleroderma and psoriatic arthritis health states by the general public

Objective: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and scleroderma (SSc) are chronic rheumatic disorders with detrimental effects on health-related quality of life. Our objective was to assess health values (utilities) from the general public for health states common to people with PsA and SSc for economic evaluations. Methods: Adult subjects from the general population in a Midwestern city (N = 218) completed the SF-12 Health Survey and computer-assisted 0-100 rating scale (RS), time trade-off (TTO, range: 0.0-1.0) and standard gamble (SG, range: 0.0-1.0) utility assessments for several hypothetical PsA and SSc health states. Results: Subjects included 135 (62%) females, 143 (66%) Caucasians, and 62 (28%) African-Americans. The mean (SD) scores for the SF-12 Physical Component Summary scale were 52.9 (8.3) and for the SF-12 Mental Component Summary scale were 49.0 (9.1), close to population norms. The mean RS, TTO, and SG scores for PsA health states varied with severity, ranging from 20.2 to 63.7 (14.4-20.3) for the RS 0.29 to 0.78 (0.24-0.31) for the TTO, and 0.48 to 0.82 (0.24-0.34) for the SG. The mean RS, TTO, and SG scores for SSc health states were 25.3-69.7 (15.2-16.3) for the RS, 0.36-0.80 (0.25-0.31) for the TTO, and 0.50-0.81 (0.26-0.32) for the SG, depending on disease severity. Conclusion: Health utilities for PsA and SSc health states as assessed from the general public reflect the severity of the diseases. These descriptive findings could have implications regarding comparative effectiveness research for tests and treatments for PsA and SSc.
Neurobiological Regret and Rejoice Functions for Aversive Outcomes

A decision maker may experience regret when a choice he makes results in a more adverse outcome than a different choice would have yielded. Analogously, he may experience rejoice when his choice resulted in better outcomes. We used fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of regret and rejoice where payoffs are in terms of a non-monetary medium. Incentives were created using painful outcomes in the form of mild electrical shocks to the foot and the possibility of avoiding them. We hypothesized that the neural response to a painful outcome resulting from an individual’s choice would also reflect the degree of regret as measured by the likelihood that alternative choices would have yielded the same adverse outcome. Similarly, when an individual avoids a potential shock, he would experience a degree of rejoice that correlates with the probability he had of receiving the shock. For example, winning a bet when winning was unlikely, even if the outcome is the same, evokes more rejoice than winning when it was highly probable. Our results suggest that activation of a cortical network, consisting of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, left superior frontal cortex, right angular gyrus, and left thalamus, correlates with the degree of regret. A different network, including the rostral anterior cingulate, left hippocampus, left ventral striatum, and brainstem/midbrain correlated with rejoice. The right inferior orbitofrontal cortex, pre-supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate showed similar patterns of activation with both regret and rejoice, suggesting that these regions may be associated with surprise from the realization of relatively unlikely events. Our results suggest that distinct, but overlapping networks are involved in the experiences of regret and rejoice.
Semen Characteristics as Influenced by Selection for Divergent Growth Rate in Chickens

Abstract PROGRESS through selection has been partially responsible for the tremendous advances which have come about in the poultry industry during the last fifty years. The process of selection, however, is often conducted on a quantitative basis and problems of linkages, epistasis and other genetic properties may not only limit the rate of progress, but may also result in a reduction of other desirable traits. Genetic experiments which have been designed to study the effects of intense selection for one trait on other traits have been limited. Jones and Lamoreux (1942) studied the effect of intense selection for high and low fecundity in the female on semen characteristics in the males of these lines. Males from the high fecundity line exhibited earlier sexual maturity, larger testes weights, better semen quality and greater fertilizing capacity than the males from the low fecundity line. The authors concluded that the production of eggs and…
Perceived Spousal Influence In The Service Decision-Making Process: A Cross Cultural Investigation

Although spousal influence in the decision-making process has been investigated in the academic literature, most of the existing research has focused on decision-making for consumer goods. This paper reports the results of a cross-cultural study of consumer decision making for two broad types of services, across three different household samples (US Americans, Indian Tamil US Immigrants, and Indian Tamils living in India). Findings of the study suggest that for both types of services, there is more joint decision making within American US households than in Indian-Tamil households. Joint decision making is least prevalent in Tamil households in India.
Effect of brown vulcanized vegetable oil on ozone resistance, aging, and flow properties of rubber compounds

Abstract The addition of accelerator to vegetable oils during the preparation of brown V.V.O. results in a decrease of the free sulfur and the acetone extract values of the obtained V.V.O. In addition, the reaction time necessary to achieve the gel state is reduced. NR vulcanizates containing brown V.V.O. based on soybean oil are superior in retention of their tensile strength and 100% modulus after aging to those containing V.V.O. based on boiled linseed oil and dehydrated castor oil. The heat resistance of NR vulcanizates which contain brown V.V.O. increases as the amounts of the free sulfur and the acetone extract in the V.V.O. decrease. Addition of small amounts of brown V.V.O. to NR and SBR compounds helps to maintain the tensile strength after aging. However, the addition of high concentrations of the V.V.O. reduces the aging properties. The addition of brown V.V.O. based on soybean oil and TMTD to NR compounds used for the manufacture of printer rolls and rubber hoses enhances the ozone resistance ...
Understanding psychological distress among pediatric cancer caregivers.

Few studies have examined distress in caregivers of pediatric cancer patients. We evaluated the association of socioeconomic, demographic, and patient clinical factors on caregivers’ self-reported psychological distress associated with having a child with cancer. N = 366 pediatric cancer caregivers completed a self-administered questionnaire from July 2010 to July 2012. The Impact of Event Scale (IES), along with two subscales “intrusion” and “avoidance” measured caregiver cancer-specific distress, with higher scores indicating greater distress. Multivariable linear regression models were used to calculate coefficients (β) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) of IES by socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical factors. Average caregiver IES score was 31.2 (standard deviation (SD) = 16.9, range 0–75). Mean intrusion score was 18.1 (SD 9.8, range 0–35) and avoidance score was 12.8 (SD 9.0, range 0–40). Caregivers with household incomes <$40,000 reported higher mean distress scores than those with incomes ranging from $40,000 to $79,999 (β = 4.45, 95 % CI 0.04–8.87, p = 0.05). Infrequently or never attending religious services, younger child age, and a diagnosis of AML were associated with higher intrusion (all p < 0.05). Caregivers with a child currently receiving therapy reported higher overall IES (β = 5.9, 95 % CI 2.15–9.7, p < 0.01) and intrusion (β = 4.1, 95 % CI 1.9–6.3, p < 0.001) scores compared to those off therapy (β = 3.13, 95 % CI 0.93–5.33, p < 0.01). Our findings identify socioeconomic and clinical factors that influence psychological distress for caregivers of pediatric oncology patients. These findings underscore the importance of developing and testing interventions aimed at evaluating and addressing the psychosocial needs for high-risk caregivers in addition to those of patients.
The Relationship Between Communication Apprehension and Learning Preferences in an Organizational Setting

This study extends previous research by examining the relationship between communication apprehension (CA) and learning preferences in an organizational setting. Findings suggest a correlation betw...
Patterns of Adjustment among Women with Breast Cancer and Their Partners

Four inventories were completed by 128 women and 121 partners evaluating predictors of emotional and physical adjustment at six phases of experience with breast cancer. Emotional adjustment could be predicted by marital support, support from other adults, and role function. The relationships were significant at concurrent times, across contiguous times, and predicting from the 7- to 10-day postsurgical phase to both the 6-mo. and 1-yr. end points.
Further observations on yeast in production of experimental hepatic necrosis in rats.

ConclusionsAn American brand of baker's yeast was found to be only slightly less necrogenic than the previously used British baker's yeast. The necrogenic activity of the British yeast was not diminished by heat-treatment (autoclaving).
Seeing Herself as a Leader: A Study of Women’s Identities In Transitions to Greater Leadership

Although a large body of literature examines women in leadership, surprisingly little research has focused on women’s internal, subjective experiences as they move along the leadership path. Theref...
Commitments in Groups and Commitments of Groups

I argue that a group can have normative commitments, and that the commitment of a group is not merely a sum or aggregate of the commitments of individual group members. I begin with a set of simple cases which illustrate two structurally different ways that group commitments can go wrong. These two kinds of potential failure correspond to two different levels of commitment: one at the individual level, owed to the other group members, and one at the group level, which the group as a single body owes either to itself or to some third party. I distinguish the content of a commitment (what must be done for the commitment to be fulfilled) from the holder of that commitment: the party to whom the content is owed. I then discuss examples which support the two-level view of group commitment and show that, even when individual-level and group-level commitments have the same content, they are understood to have different holders. Finally I return to my original cases and argue that a two-level structure of group commitment allows us to make sense of the problems that occur in them.
Mechanism of ovulation

This article provides a fundamental basis for a better understanding of normal ovarian physiologic processes relevant to the pathophysiology of ovarian dysfunction and the treatment of infertility. The discussion centers on the pelvic clock, which regulates by steroidal and nonsteroidal endocrine and paracrine messages both hypothalamic-pituitary and intraovarian functions essential to successful reproduction, and the steroidal milieu that generates the approximately 28-day human menstrual cycle.
Control of Tumor Cell Induced Endothelial Cell Retraction by Lipoxygenase Metabolites, Prostacyclin and Prostacyclin Analogues

The primary element responsible for the morbidity and mortality of malignant cancers is tumor metastasis. During hematogenous metastasis the vascular endothelium forms the primary barrier between the circulatory system and extravascular tissues. Circulating tumor cells have the potential to interact with a variety of circulating host cells and the vascular wall, however only a small fraction of these tumor cells survive hemodynamic forces and host defence mechanisms to form distant metastases (1,2). Specific interactions between circulating tumor cells and a variety of host cells (i.e., platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells) is believed to affect tumor cell arrest and extravasation from the circulation (3,4). These types of cell-cell interactions generally occur in the microcirculation where the blood flow rate is low and the vascular surface area to blood volume ratio is high, allowing increased cell-cell contact in the microvascular space.
Planning for grasp selection of partially occluded objects

In a cluttered scene, an object is often occluded by other objects, and a robot cannot figure out what the object is and perceive its pose exactly. We assume that the robot is equipped with a depth sensor and given a database of 3D object models and their grasping poses, but yet there is uncertainty about object's class and pose. In this paper, we study the problem of how to predict the class and pose of an occluded object by carefully taking a sequence of observations. To find the best sequence of viewpoints by the robot, we construct hypotheses of the states of the target and occluding objects, and update our belief state as new observations come in. Every time selecting the next robot pose, we greedily choose the one that is expected to reduce the uncertainty the most. Based on the theoretical analysis of adaptive submodular maximization problems, this process is guaranteed to find a near-optimal sequence of robot poses in terms of observation and traverse costs. To validate the proposed method, we present simulation and robot experiments using a PR2.
Genetic risk factors for serious infections in inflammatory bowel diseases

AbstractIntroduction: Immunosuppression, the cornerstone of management of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (inflammatory bowel diseases; IBD) is associated with an increased risk of serious infections that is inadequately predicted by clinical risk factors. The role of genetics in determining susceptibility to infections is unknown.Methods: From a prospective-consented patient registry, we identified IBD patients with serious infections requiring hospitalization. Analysis was performed to identify IBD-related and non-IBD related immune response loci on the Immunochip that were associated with serious infections and a genetic risk score (GRS) representing the cumulative burden of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms was calculated. Multivariable logistic regression used to identify effect of clinical and genetic factors.Results: The study included 1333 IBD patients (795 CD, 538 UC) with median disease duration of 13 years. A total of 133 patients (10%) had a serious infection requ...
Engaging stigmatized communities through solutions journalism: Residents of South Los Angeles respond

In many communities across the United States, substantive local news is a rare commodity. For areas long stigmatized and associated with high levels of violence, crime, and poverty, negative report...
Pedagogies of Black Eldership: Exploring the Impact of Intergenerational Contact on Youth Research

This article examines the interactions between a collective of self-described “African American,” “multiracial,” and “African immigrant” high school youth researchers, and two African American community elders. Drawing from a year-long critical ethnographic study of the youth research collective, the author documents how pedagogies of Black eldership overlapped with youth participatory action research to open new possibilities for preparing youth as researchers. The study highlights how an out-of-school educational space afforded alternative pedagogical opportunities by specifically examining how pedagogies of Black eldership helped youth researchers historicize and politicize their research, pushing them to move from embodied knowledge to self-knowledge. Drawing from African-centered and critical theory, the study explicates aspects of the pedagogies of Black eldership. Without bounding these pedagogies, the author uses two narratives of teaching and learning to illustrate how intergenerational contact i...
Forces driving cell sorting in Hydra

Cell sorting, whereby a heterogeneous cell mixture organizes into distinct tissues, is a fundamental patterning process in development. So far, most studies of cell sorting have relied either on 2-dimensional cellular aggregates, in vitro situations that do not have a direct counterpart in vivo, or were focused on the properties of single cells. Here, we report the first multiscale experimental study on 3-dimensional regenerating Hydra aggregates, capable of reforming a full animal. By quantifying the kinematics of single cell and whole aggregate behaviors, we show that no differences in cell motility exist among cell types and that sorting dynamics follow a power law. Moreover, we measure the physical properties of separated tissues and determine their viscosities and surface tensions. Based on our experimental results and numerical simulations, we conclude that tissue interfacial tensions are sufficient to explain Hydra cell sorting. Doing so, we illustrate D9Arcy Thompson9s central idea that biological organization can be understood through physical principles, an idea which is currently re-shaping the field of developmental biology.
Rehabilitation and Return to Play Following Achilles Tendon Repair

Although emerging evidence has identified an expanded role for nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures, there remains a preference to treat young, active patients operatively to reduce the risk of rerupture and improve return to play. To ensure an adequate repair while minimizing risks for wound complications, the senior authors (B.J.C. and J.L.L.) prefer a limited open technique to repair. Additionally, we recommend a brief period of immobilization and nonweight bearing which is quickly followed by an early, active rehabilitation phase to balance the functional benefits of early loading with the risk of early reinjury. Recent literature has linked patient demographic factors, such as older age and elevated body mass index, to worse postoperative symptomatic outcomes. Although higher preoperative activity levels are correlated with improved postoperative functional outcomes, these patients report reduced satisfaction, likely attributable to unmet expectations of restored function. Because of the large loads placed on the Achilles tendon during certain athletic activities, these injuries can be very difficult for explosive athletes, such as jumpers or sprinters, to effectively return from, regardless of management approach.
Lattice NExt S4 from the Embedding Theorem Viewpoint

We follow along the line of research begun with the pioneering work Maksimova and Rybakov (1974) which has initiated comparative analysis of the lattices of normal extensions of S4 and of intermediate logics. Grounding on the Godel–McKinsey–Tarski embedding, for any S4-logic, we define the notion of \(\tau \)-decomposition and that of a modal component of the logic. Then, we investigate conditions, when a modal logic has its least modal component.
Five to Ten-Year Outcomes of Operatively Treated Scapular Fractures.

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the 5 to 10-year clinical and patient-reported functional outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of intra-articular and extra-articular scapular fractures. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 106 patients who underwent ORIF of a scapular fracture at a single level-I trauma center between January 2005 and December 2010. Eight patients were excluded from the study because they had either severe neurologic injury or an isolated process fracture, and 66 patients (37 with an isolated extra-articular fracture and 29 with an intra-articular fracture) participated in the 5 to 10-year follow-up, yielding a follow-up rate of 67%. A physical examination including a strength assessment and range-of-motion measurements was performed on 89% of the follow-up cohort. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Short Form-12 version 2 (SF-12v2) or SF-36v2 questionnaires were completed by all participating patients. Intra-articular and extra-articular fractures were analyzed in separate groups. Results The mean follow-up was 7.8 years in the extra-articular group and 7.3 years in the intra-articular group, with a range of 4.7 to 10.3 years. The mean DASH score was 8.9 in the extra-articular group and 9.1 in the intra-articular group (normal population = 10.1). Strength examination revealed no significant differences between the injured and uninjured shoulders for any movement (p > 0.05), while the range of external rotation was slightly decreased in both the extra-articular (p = 0.01) and the intra-articular (p = 0.01) group. The abduction range of motion was also slightly decreased in the intra-articular cohort (p = 0.03). Arthroplasty was indicated as a subsequent procedure for 2 patients in the intra-articular cohort. Sixty-one of the 66 patients returned to their original occupation or changed occupations for reasons unrelated to the shoulder injury. Conclusions At 5 to 10 years after ORIF of a scapular fracture, patients have excellent functional outcomes albeit with a small decrease in external rotation motion relative to the contralateral, normal shoulder. Interestingly, we found the outcomes after intra-articular and extra-articular fractures to be comparable. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Microeconomic Theory and Management Education: A Social Economics Perspective

A period of extraordinary change is pressuring schools of business to rethink their curricula and mission statements in order to adapt to new environments. The authors, both economists with many years of teaching experience, focus on the microeconomics course in the core curriculum and offer proposals which introduce alternative value bases to orient, motivate, and drive the firm in the economic environment. These include proposals from the frameworks of humanistic and social economics.
Plasticity and slip system of plate-shaped crystals of L-lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate.

Purpose. To identify the slip system of L-lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate (LH) and to relate it to the deformation behavior under uniaxial compression.
Research Resource Needs for the Future.

This overview of the past, present, and future of research and development related to severely visually impaired persons covers the following subjects: documentation, creation of an armamentarium o...
Color image segmentation based on multi-level Tsallis–Havrda–Charvát entropy and 2D histogram using PSO algorithms

Abstract In this paper, we propose a multi-level thresholding model based on gray-level & local-average histogram (GLLA) and Tsallis–Havrda–Charvat entropy for RGB color image. We validate the multi-level thresholding formulation by using the mathematical induction method. We apply particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain the optimal threshold values for each component of a RGB image. By assigning the mean values from each thresholded class, we obtain three segmented component images independently. We conduct the experiments extensively on The Berkeley Segmentation Dataset and Benchmark (BSDS300) and calculate the average four performance indices (BDE, PRI, GCE and VOI) to show the effectiveness and reasonability of the proposed method.
Towards translational health policy: Findings from a state evaluation of programs targeting children with special health care needs.

Purpose Current evidence-based research suggests that early evaluation, comprehensive care plans, and appropriate referrals for childhood and adolescent behavioral and development needs is critical for successful family-centered outcomes. The overall purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of a state public health program that offers diagnostic evaluation and coordination for children with behavioral and developmental disorders in the state of Virginia (Child Development Center programs, or CDC). A secondary purpose was to provide translational policy and advocacy targets based on key findings. Design and method The evaluation of the scope of services of the CDC programs was done using qualitative interviews with a focus group interview (n = 23), interviews from representatives from individual centers ( n = 5 centers), and descriptive quantitative data elements for the fiscal year 2015. Results After conducting the state public health evaluation, several translational health policy priorities emerged, including: (a) the need for integrated data standards, (b) Lack of developmental pediatric workforce, particularly in rural sectors of the state, and (c) Need for enhanced program support for care coordination. Conclusion Academic nurse and public health partnerships can aid in translation from research to policy among vulnerable populations and assist in communication to key stakeholders and legislators for iterative action and reassessment.
Solvent extraction of scandium from chlorination system with EHPAEH

The extraction of scandium from hydrochloric acid media with EHPAEH is investigated. Fe3+ in synthesized solution would reduce the purity of scandium, therefore, N235 is selected as extractant for separating Fe3+ and Sc3+. Experimental results indicated that separation factor βFe/Sc reached 5416.4 with the organic system consisting of 20 vol% trinoctylamine(N235), phase volume ratio(O/A) of 1:1, extraction stage of 3. Then mono(2-ethyl hexyl)-2-ethyl hexyl phosphonate(EHPAEH) is employed to extract Sc3+ from the leaching solution of Fe3+ free. With the organic phase containing 5 vol% EHPAEH, phase volume ratio O/A of 1:5, at pH 0.3, nearly 99% scandium is extracted. Finally, the scandium-loaded organic phase is stripped with 4.5N hydrochloric acid, under phase volume ratio of 1:1 at 65°C.
Identification of functional missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFAIP3 in a predominantly Hispanic population.

Background Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) is a multifunctional ubiquitin binding and editing enzyme that regulates inflammation. Genetic studies have implicated polymorphisms within the TNFAIP3 locus to the development of numerous immune-related diseases. This study evaluated the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) within the exonic regions of the TNFAIP3 gene and an associated point mutation from the Illumina array among a predominantly Hispanic cohort. Methods Genomic DNA was obtained from 721 participants and sequencing of all TNFAIP3 exons and an intergenic point mutation (rs6920220) was performed. In vitro functional assessment was performed by transfecting mutated TNFAIP3 constructs into TNFAIP3 knockout cells containing the NF-kB luciferase reporter and stimulating with TNFα. Comparative statistics were performed with Student's t-test for continuous variables and Chi-squared test for categorical variables. Results Sequencing revealed two missense SNPs, rs146534657:A>G and rs2230926:T>G, both within exon 3 of TNFAIP3, which encodes the protein's deubiquitinating enzymatic domain. Frequencies of all three point mutations differed significantly across racial groups (χ2-test, P=0.014 to P G was overrepresented among Hispanics (odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] 4.05 [1.24-13.18]), and rs2230926:T>G was more prevalent among African Americans (OR [95% CI] 3.65 [1.58-8.43]). In vitro assays confirm rs146534657:A>G and rs2230926:T>G decrease the ability of TNFAIP3 to abrogate NF-κB activation by 2-fold (P Conclusions This study reports the frequency of rs146534657:A>G among Hispanics and is the first to evaluate its potential physiologic impact, establishing a basis for future research as a potential biomarker among this population.
Azo-triazolide bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes via cyclization of 3-cyanodiarylformazanate ligands

In this work we describe the synthesis of sterically encumbered 1,5-diaryl-3-cyanoformazanate bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes, two of which undergo redox-neutral cyclization during the reaction to produce carbon-bound 2-aryl-4-arylazo-2H-1,2,3-triazolide ligands. This transformation offers a method for accessing 2-aryl-4-arylazo-2H-1,2,3-triazolide ligands, a heretofore unreported class of chelating ligands. One formazanate complex and both triazolide complexes are structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, with infrared spectroscopy being the primary bulk technique to distinguish the formazanate and triazolide structures. All complexes are further characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, with the triazolide compounds having similar frontier orbital energies to the formazanate complexes but much less visible absorption.
Editorial Passing the Baton

The IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience thanks its reviewers, editorial board members, and most importantly its authors and readers for their support in 2019 and wishes them all the best for 2020!
In spontaneous pneumothorax, initial needle aspiration and large- and narrow-bore chest tubes do not differ for success.

SOURCE CITATION Mummadi SR, de Longpre' J, Hahn PY. Comparative effectiveness of interventions in initial management of spontaneous pneumothorax: a systematic review and a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;76:88-102. 32115203.
Games and Designs

This chapter introduces a version of the well-known Tic-Tac-Toe game which can be played on designs and finite geometries. This game helps develop students’ geometric intuition. The theory of combinatorial games is applied to determine when the first player has a winning strategy and when the second player can force a draw.
Campus Engagement: Faculty Recognition and the Library's Role

As faculty librarians on a regional campus of a research university, attending meetings is one way we stay connected to our faculty colleagues. On several occasions at these events, faculty commented about a need for their work outside the classroom to be recognized in a more public forum. As we are always looking for ways to serve and engage with our campus, we considered if the library could somehow meet this need. Providing a showcase for faculty accomplishments could potentially help faculty connect with each other, show students examples of research and scholarship by their instructors, and give us another opportunity to talk with faculty about how we can support them and their students. From there, a Faculty Recognition Event hosted by our library took shape. Early in this process, we reached out to Academic Affairs, as this office is among the most engaged with the teaching and scholarship of faculty. Through this partnership, we built a framework for organizing the event: types of work to feature, ways to get the information, when and where the event should take place, and more. Although the process was not always smooth, the first event met our expectations of highlighting faculty scholarship, service, presentations, and grants or other awards. Hosting a casual lunchtime event featuring this work presented outreach opportunities we may not have otherwise had. The lessons learned from the first attempt informed the approach we took to plan a second, more well-attended event.
Rapid detection and identification of bacteria directly from whole blood with light scattering spectroscopy based biosensor

Abstract Bacterial infections are one of the major causes of death worldwide. The identification of a bacterial species that is the source of an infection generally takes a long time, and often exceeds the treatment window for seriously ill patients. Many of these deaths are preventable if the bacterial species can be identified quickly. Here we present an optical spectroscopic method for rapid detection and identification of bacteria directly from whole blood using a light scattering spectroscopy technique. This technique was originally developed to detect pre-cancerous changes in epithelial tissues, characterize changes in tissue on the cellular scale, and characterize biological structures comparable to or smaller than a single wavelength. We demonstrate here that not only can an inexpensive light scattering spectroscopy-based biosensor rapidly detect and identify four bacteria species in the blood, responsible for the majority of death causing infections, but that species-level identification can potentially be made based on approximately one thousand bacterial cells per milliliter of blood. Observing entire colonies or performing susceptibility testing is therefore not required.
Characterization of the T4 gp32-ssDNA complex by native, cross-linking, and ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry.

Protein–DNA interactions play crucial roles in DNA replication across all living organisms. Here, we apply a suite of mass spectrometry (MS) tools to characterize a protein-ssDNA complex, T4 gp32·ssDNA, with results that both support previous studies and simultaneously uncover novel insight into this non-covalent biological complex. Native mass spectrometry of the protein reveals the co-occurrence of Zn-bound monomers and homodimers, while addition of differing lengths of ssDNA generates a variety of protein:ssDNA complex stoichiometries (1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1), indicating sequential association of gp32 monomers with ssDNA. Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) mass spectrometry allows characterization of the binding site of the ssDNA within the protein monomer via analysis of holo ions, i.e. ssDNA-containing protein fragments, enabling interrogation of disordered regions of the protein which are inaccessible via traditional crystallographic techniques. Finally, two complementary cross-linking (XL) approaches, bottom-up analysis of the crosslinked complexes as well as MS1 analysis of the intact complexes, are used to showcase the absence of ssDNA binding with the intact cross-linked homodimer and to generate two homodimer gp32 model structures which highlight that the homodimer interface overlaps with the monomer ssDNA-binding site. These models suggest that the homodimer may function in a regulatory capacity by controlling the extent of ssDNA binding of the protein monomer. In sum, this work underscores the utility of a multi-faceted mass spectrometry approach for detailed investigation of non-covalent protein-DNA complexes.
WE-E-304-01: SBRT Credentialing: Understanding the Process From Inquiry to Approval

SBRT is having a dramatic impact on radiation therapy of early-stage, locally advanced cancers. A number of national protocols have been and are being developed to assess the clinical efficacy of SBRT for various anatomical sites, such as lung and spine. Physics credentialing for participating and implementation of trial protocols involve a broad spectrum of requirements from image guidance, motion management, to planning technology and dosimetric constrains. For radiation facilities that do not have extensive experiences in SBRT treatment and protocol credentialing, these complex processes of credentialing and implementation could be very challenging and, sometimes, may lead to ineffective even unsuccessful execution of these processes. In this proposal, we will provide comprehensive review of some current SBRT protocols, explain the requirements and their underline rationales, illustrate representative failed and successful experiences, related to SBRT credentialing, and discuss strategies for effective SBRT credentialing and implementation. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand requirements and challenges of SBRT credentailing and implentation 2. Discuss processes and strategies of effective SBRT credentailing 3. Discuss practical considerations, potential pitfalls and solutions of SBRT implentation
SU-C-201-03: Coded Aperture Gamma-Ray Imaging Using Pixelated Semiconductor Detectors

Purpose: Improved localization of gamma-ray emissions from radiotracers is essential to the progress of nuclear medicine. Polaris is a portable, room-temperature operated gamma-ray imaging spectrometer composed of two 3×3 arrays of thick CdZnTe (CZT) detectors, which detect gammas between 30keV and 3MeV with energy resolution of <1% FWHM at 662keV. Compton imaging is used to map out source distributions in 4-pi space; however, is only effective above 300keV where Compton scatter is dominant. This work extends imaging to photoelectric energies (<300keV) using coded aperture imaging (CAI), which is essential for localization of Tc-99m (140keV). Methods: CAI, similar to the pinhole camera, relies on an attenuating mask, with open/closed elements, placed between the source and position-sensitive detectors. Partial attenuation of the source results in a “shadow” or count distribution that closely matches a portion of the mask pattern. Ideally, each source direction corresponds to a unique count distribution. Using backprojection reconstruction, the source direction is determined within the field of view. The knowledge of 3D position of interaction results in improved image quality. Results: Using a single array of detectors, a coded aperture mask, and multiple Co-57 (122keV) point sources, image reconstruction is performed in real-time, on an event-by-event basis, resulting in images with an angular resolution of ∼6 degrees. Although material nonuniformities contribute to image degradation, the superposition of images from individual detectors results in improved SNR. CAI was integrated with Compton imaging for a seamless transition between energy regimes. Conclusion: For the first time, CAI has been applied to thick, 3D position sensitive CZT detectors. Real-time, combined CAI and Compton imaging is performed using two 3×3 detector arrays, resulting in a source distribution in space. This system has been commercialized by H3D, Inc. and is being acquired for various applications worldwide, including proton therapy imaging R&D.
Inhibition of Muscle Phosphorylase a by 5-Gluconolactone

Abstract 5-Gluconolactone is a potent inhibitor of rabbit muscle phosphorylase a in the presence of saturating AMP. Kinetic analysis leads to the conclusion that the inhibitor binds most strongly to the enzyme-glycogen-Pi complex (Kapi = 0.025 mm), but weaker binding is also observed with the enzyme-glycogen-α-d-glucopyranose 1-phosphate complex, the enzyme-glycogen complex, the enzyme-Pi complex, and the free enzyme. Dissociation constants for each of the observed inhibitor complexes have been evaluated. The kinetic data is consistent with a model in which 5-gluconolactone binds to the site in the enzyme that normally binds the glucosyl residue that is transferred between polysaccharide and Pi in the catalytic reaction. 5-Gluconolactone may be an analogue of the substrate part of the transition state of the phosphorylase reaction.
Fusarium spp. and Pinus strobus seedlings: root disease pathogens and taxa associated with seed

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L .) seeds were sown in soil infested wlth Fusarium proliferatum, root necrosis developed on seedling roots, and F. proliferatum as reisolated from symptomatic roots; thus, demonstrating that F. proliferatum is pathogenic to eastern white pine seedling. Soils infested with F. acuminatum or F. sporotrichiodes resulted in few diseased Seedlings. Seedlings with root rot generally showed reductions in seedling height. All Fusarium species tested were recovered from rhizosphere soil samples. Three seedlots of Pinus strobus were examined for Fusarium infestation. Fusarium species were recovered from most seeds In two seedlots. Fusarium proliferatum and F. sporotrichiodes were the predominant species isolated. Additional species not previously reported from P. strobus included: F. acuminatum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. moniliforme, F. poae, F. polyphialidicum, F. heterosporum, F. sambucinum, and F. semitectum.
Making the Jurors the "Experts": the Case for Eyewitness Identification Jury Instructions

Although courts and scholars have long recognized the weaknesses of eyewitness testimony, the legal system has yet to find a satisfactory mechanism for educating jurors—who are generally unaware of the complex psychological processes that affect eyewitness accuracy—about the inherent fallibility of such testimony. Many scholars argue that the best option is to allow an expert witness to testify to the factors that can affect an eyewitness’s ability to perceive and remember. Yet eyewitness expert testimony presents several practical and equitable concerns, and even in jurisdictions that allow eyewitness experts, trial courts have been far from consistent in their admission of such testimony. Cautionary jury instructions avoid many of the same pitfalls and, in fact, carry several inherent advantages. Many of the eyewitness instructions now given by judges, however, are ineffective: they contain ambiguous and confusing language, they are given at the end of trial as part of a long list of other legal instructions, and in many cases, they reinforce jurors’ erroneous assumptions about eyewitnesses. This Note argues that eyewitness instructions should be provided before the eyewitness testifies, thus alerting jurors in advance to the factors they should consider in evaluating the testimony. The Note also proposes a model instruction, which attempts to convey the relevant scientific and legal principles in a way that will be meaningful and understandable to lay jurors.
Vortex Reconnection in Normal and Superfluids

We have discussed vortex reconnection in a comparative way for normal and superfluids. The dynamics at the scale of the vortex cores is rather different, and apparently much smoother for superfluids, whereas the large scale behavior of vortex filaments and rings is very much the same. Since both systems are essentially Euler fluids outside a vortex core, the latter behavior is unsurprising, and provides further evidence for the similarities between normal and superfluid turbulence.
Role of the right dorsal anterior insula in the urge to tic in Tourette syndrome.

Background The mid-posterior part of the insula is involved in processing bodily sensations and urges and is activated during tic generation in Tourette syndrome. The dorsal anterior part of the insula, however, integrates sensory and emotional information with cognitive valuation and is implicated in interoception. The right dorsal anterior insula also participates in urge suppression in healthy subjects. This study examined the role of the right dorsal anterior insula in the urge to tic in Tourette syndrome. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 13 adult Tourette patients and 13 matched controls. The role of the right dorsal anterior insula within the urge–tic network was investigated using graph theory–based neural network analysis. The functional connectivity of the right dorsal anterior insula was also correlated with urge and tic severity. Results Even though the patients did not exhibit any overt tics, the right dorsal anterior insula demonstrated higher connectivity, especially with the frontostriatal nodes of the urge–tic network in patients compared with controls. The functional connectivity between the right dorsal anterior insula and bilateral supplementary motor area also correlated positively with urge severity in patients. Conclusions These results suggest that the right dorsal anterior insula is part of the urge–tic network and could influence the urge- and tic-related cortico-striato-thalamic regions even during rest in Tourette syndrome. It might be responsible for heightened awareness of bodily sensations generating premonitory urges in Tourette syndrome. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Evolutionary Perspectives on Child Welfare Law

Evolutionary theory and behavioral biology research have produced knowledge that is potentially useful in addressing violence against children. This chapter highlights two areas of child welfare law, policy, and practice for which this new knowledge has significant implications. First, the relevant behavioral studies contribute to the construction of research-based risk assessment tools through the identification of conditions or situations that increase the risk of violent acts against children. Second, the research supports the development of criteria for foster care placement decisions through the delineation of factors that predict the relative level of parental investment expected from different types of foster parents. This chapter also discusses the potential for additional research inquiries based on evolutionary theory that may have important implications for public child welfare systems.
Tobias Olsson (Ed.), Producing the Internet: Critical Perspective of Social Media

Editor Tobias Olsson’s Producing the Internet: Critical Perspective of Social Media is a collection of the latest European studies of social media from the Nordic Information Centre for Media and Communication Research (Nordicom). The volume’s critical perspectives about the production of social media and its culture help to explore valuable questions for both academic research and professional practices. Multimedia producers, journalists and civic organizers as well as entrepreneurs could find the book useful to further their understanding of social media culture. Producing the Internet aims to contribute to the understanding and the critical knowledge of contemporary new media culture; it also answer questions about the extent to which social media is participatory and how it empowers its users' activities. The collection focuses on the role of the producer and the production process on social media and the articles also seem to reflect each other's critical analysis The book not only provides some inspiring studies of the relationship between the culture of social media and organizations’ producers, but it also illuminates various issues related to the technological impact on organizational communication. It explores how different "prod-users" in the social media—ranging from media producers to civic participators—interact with social media's culture as described by scholars such as Henry Jenkins and Clay Shirky. Contrasting Jenkins' work of new convergence culture and Shirky's optimistic view of democratic participation on the new media, the articles demonstrate alternative cases of organizational culture on social media.
Synaptic Vesicles Studied by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

The heterogeneous structure of synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain is investigated considering solution small-angle x-ray scattering data in combination with data obtained by cryogenic electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and biochemical analysis. Overall low resolution structural models of the entire functional synaptic vesicle are proposed, elucidating details on the density profile of the membrane, including contributions from the lipids and the proteins, as well as addressing the average conformation and overall lateral organization of proteins in micro-domains on the average synaptic vesicle under quasi-physiological conditions. Entropic contributions to free energy due to possible protein cluster formation and disintegration on the synaptic vesicle are investigated. Further, cell free fusion systems are characterized employing dynamic light scattering, and applicabilities of small-angle x-ray scattering are considered for investigating membrane fusion processes.