cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heinrich Isaac among the Florentines

ABSTRACT In the archives of the old and wealthy patrician family of the ““da Filicaia”” housed in the Florentine Archivio di Stato survives a group of letters written by, among others, one Ambrogio Angeni to the young Antonio da Filicaia, away on family business in northern Europe for extended periods of time during the 1480s and 1490s. The correspondence details the musical activities of these young men9s Florentine brigata and reveals a close involvement with Heinrich Isaac and proximity to Lorenzo de9 Medici9s private musical circles. The letters document a very active traffic in musical scores, both vernacular works composed in Florence by Isaac and others that were mailed north, as well as sacred and secular works composed in France and sent to Florence. More specifically, the letters contain many musical references to new compositions, works by Isaac, preparations for carnival, aesthetic judgments and technical discussions, Lorenzo9s patronage, and a very active local composer previously unknown to musicologists. The correspondence dates from 1487––89, while Antonio was residing in Nantes (Brittany), and it provides an unprecedented view of musical life in Florence at a critical period when carnival celebrations were resurgent, northern repertory was being collected and copied, northern composers (like Isaac) were interacting with local composers, and compositional procedures were changing.
Quantitation of transplantation immunity. I. Method.

A technique for in vivo quantitation of transplantation immunity has been presented. Known numbers of H3-thymidine-labeled lymphoid cells were injected intravenously into isologous or homologous recipients. The total radioactivity in host spleens was counted at different time intervals. The rate of isotope disappearance from the spleen was exponential to 0.5 per cent of the dose or less. In isologous recipients, the calculated half-life of labeled cells was 82 hours; in homologous recipients it was 40 hours; and in presensitized homologous hosts it was 18 hours. The technique is a highly reproducible, precise, and sensitive measure of transplantation immunity.
WARP-10: a numerical simulation model for the cylindrical reconnection launcher

A fully self-consistent computer simulation code called WARP-10, used for modeling the reconnection launcher, is described. WARP-10 has been compared with various experiments with good agreement for performance and heating. Simulations predict that it is possible to obtain nearly uniform acceleration with high efficiency and low armature heating. There does not appear to be an armature heating limit to velocity provided the armature mass can be sufficiently large. Simulation results that show it is possible to obtain conditions needed for earth-to-orbit (ETO) launch applications (4.15 km/s and a 850 kg launch mass) are presented. This 3100-stage launcher has an efficiency of 47.2% and a final ohmic energy/kinetic energy equal to 0.00146. The mode of launcher operation is similar to a traveling wave induction launcher and is produced by properly timed and tuned discrete stages. Further optimization and much higher velocities appear possible. >
Encryption Schemes Secure under Selective Opening Attack

The existence of encryption schemes secure under selective opening attack (SOA) has remained open despite considerable interest and attention. We provide the first public key encryption schemes secure against sender corruptions in this setting. The underlying tool is lossy encryption. The schemes have short keys. (Public and secret keys of a fixed length suffice for encrypting an arbitrary number of messages.) The schemes are stateless and noninteractive, and security does not rely on erasures. The schemes are without random oracles, proven secure under standard assumptions (DDH, Paillier’s DCR, QR, lattices), and even efficient. We are able to meet both an indistinguishability (IND-SO-ENC) and a simulation-style, semantic security (SEM-SO-ENC) definition.
A precision, continuous voltage reference for industrial recorders

A new precision voltage reference for use in industrial null-balancing recorders is described. The reference employs a Zener diode as the voltage element and replaces the conventional dry cell, standard cell, and standardizing mechanism used in most recorders. The reference is currently being supplied as standard equipment in the new General Electric strip chart recorder.
Microstructural effects of AZ31 magnesium alloy on its tensile deformation and failure behaviors

Abstract An Mg AZ31 alloy with modified microstructures was investigated to determine microstructural effects on room temperature mechanical properties acquired from low strain rate (∼10 −3 s −1 ) tensile testing to failure. Three distinct microstructures were generated via heat treatment, viz.: (1) single phase, fine equiaxed grains; (2) single phase, coarse grains with twins; (3) fine, equiaxed grains decorated with Mg 17 (Al,Zn) 12 grain-boundary precipitates. Each microstructure was separately characterized with optical microscopy, X-ray crystallography, fractography, and hardness measurement prior to tensile testing. Tensile coupons fabricated from each microstructure were then elongated to failure in a miniature stage, and true stress–true strain curves were computed with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Initial yield point, ultimate tensile strength and maximum elongation were also computed and examined within the context of key features of each microstructure to infer the mechanism of plastic deformation in tension and whether or not the potential for improved room temperature formability exists.
Conservative Extensions of Models of Set Theory and Generalizations

Etude des extensions conservatives de modeles de la theorie des ensembles et de leurs generalisations. Etablissement de quelques resultats relatifs aux modeles de l'arithmetique de Peano
On the sum capacity of MIMO interference channel in the low interference regime

Treating interference as noise has recently been shown to be sum capacity achieving for the two-user single-input single-output (SISO) Gaussian interference channel in a low interference regime. In this paper, we characterize the low interference regime for the multiple-input single-output (MISO) Gaussian interference channel. We also provide partial results for the general multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Gaussian interference channel.
Creation of gastric conduit free-graft with intraoperative perfusion imaging during pancreaticoduodenectomy in a patient post esophagectomy

As surgery becomes more successful for complicated malignancies, patients survive longer and can unfortunately develop subsequent malignancies. Surgical resection in these settings can be treacherous and manipulations of the patient’s anatomy need to be closely considered before embarking on major operations. We report a case of a patient who survived esophageal resection for locally advanced esophageal cancer only to develop a new pancreatic head malignancy. Careful upfront planning allowed for a successful resection with an uncomplicated recovery. She underwent open pancreaticoduodenectomy, and to maintain perfusion to the gastric conduit a microvascular anastomosis of the gastroepiploic pedicle was performed to the middle colic vessels. Intraoperative fluorescent imaging was used to evaluate the anastomosis as well as gastric and duodenal perfusion during the case.
On the Fluid Dependence of Rock Compressibility: Biot-Gassmann Refined

An important issue in using seismic data to physically characterize crustal rocks is the dependence of seismic rock velocity upon the compressibility of the fluid in the pore space. At seismic frequencies, the standard theory for understanding this fluid dependence is that of Biot (1941) and Gassmann (1951). It is well-known that this theory predicts that the rigidity should be independent of fluid content, and that the fluid dependence of the incompressibility is given by an explicit formula (Eqn. (1), below). The purpose of this note is to point out an approximation in the theory that has not been fully appreciated. Below it is shown that avoiding this approximation leads to a refinement of the standard Biot-Gassmann (“B-G”) formula for fluid substitution in rock incompressibility, with new requirements (compressibility data) for implementation. This revision has been reported previously (Brown and Korringa, 1975) in a limited context (non-uniform mineralogy); here it is shown to be much more general. The refined formula fits experimental data better than does the classic formula.
The Islamic Foundation for citizenship and pluralism

Human diversity is an assumption of most people in most places. The reality of such diversity is handsomely and clearly stated in a famous and often quoted verse of the Qur’an. Verse 13 of Sūrah 49 reads: Oh men, We have created you from a male and a female, and We have made you into groups (shu`ūb) and tribes (qabā’il) that you may come to know one another; truly, the noblest (akram) among you before God is the most righteous (atqā) among you; truly God is the All-knowing, the All-seeing.
Heavy Metal Ion Regulation of Gene Expression MECHANISMS BY WHICH LEAD INHIBITS OSTEOBLASTIC BONE-FORMING ACTIVITY THROUGH MODULATION OF THE Wnt/β-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY

Exposure to lead (Pb) from environmental sources remains an overlooked and serious public health risk. Starting in childhood, Pb in the skeleton can disrupt epiphyseal plate function, constrain the growth of long bones, and prevent attainment of a high peak bone mass, all of which will increase susceptibility to osteoporosis later in life. We hypothesize that the effects of Pb on bone mass, in part, come from depression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a critical anabolic pathway for osteoblastic bone formation. In this study, we show that depression of Wnt signaling by Pb is due to increased sclerostin levels in vitro and in vivo. Downstream activation of the β-catenin pathway using a pharmacological inhibitor of GSK-3β ameliorates the Pb inhibition of Wnt signaling activity in the TOPGAL reporter mouse. The effect of Pb was determined to be dependent on sclerostin expression through use of the SOST gene knock-out mice, which are resistant to Pb-induced trabecular bone loss and maintain their mechanical bone strength. Moreover, isolated bone marrow cells from the sclerostin null mice show improved bone formation potential even after exposure to Pb. Also, our data suggest that the TGFβ canonical signaling pathway is the mechanism by which Pb controls sclerostin production. Taken together these results support our hypothesis that the osteoporotic-like phenotype observed after Pb exposure is, in part, regulated through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Creating an Engaged Workforce: The Impact of Authentic Leadership, Transparent Organizational Communication, and Work-Life Enrichment

Scholars have increasingly recognized the importance of studying factors leading to employee engagement. However, few researchers have created and tested theoretical models that propose mechanisms linking employee engagement to social contextual variables. Based on a random sample of employees (n = 391) working across different industrial sectors in the United States, we proposed and tested a model (rooted in the Social Exchange Theory and the Job Demands-Resources Model) that examined how authentic leadership, transparent organizational communication, and work-life enrichment are interrelated. A simplified model containing both significant direct and indirect effects fits the data. Theoretical contributions and managerial ramifications of the study were discussed.
Distributed Manipulation with Rolling Contact

The Modular Distributed Manipulator System (MDMS) is an array of actuators that is capable of manipulating objects in the plane. This paper presents a controller designed to transport objects to the origin of a coordinate system under rolling contact. A stability proof using the multivariable circle criterion directly accounts for discontinuities due to changing actuator sets. Simulations verify the controller’s effectiveness and show stability even when the contact switches between viscous friction and full rolling contact.
TGF-β Tumor Suppression Through A Lethal EMT

TGF-β signaling can be pro-tumorigenic or tumor suppressive. We investigated this duality in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), which, with other gastrointestinal cancers, exhibits frequent inactivation of the TGF-β mediator Smad4. We show that TGF-β induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), generally considered a pro-tumorigenic event. However, in TGF-β-sensitive PDA cells, EMT becomes lethal by converting TGF-β-induced Sox4 from an enforcer of tumorigenesis into a promoter of apoptosis. This is the result of an EMT-linked remodeling of the cellular transcription factor landscape, including the repression of the gastrointestinal lineage-master regulator Klf5. Klf5 cooperates with Sox4 in oncogenesis and prevents Sox4-induced apoptosis. Smad4 is required for EMT but dispensable for Sox4 induction by TGF-β. TGF-β-induced Sox4 is thus geared to bolster progenitor identity, whereas simultaneous Smad4-dependent EMT strips Sox4 of an essential partner in oncogenesis. Our work demonstrates that TGF-β tumor suppression functions through an EMT-mediated disruption of a lineage-specific transcriptional network.
Accelerated Ozone Test for Predicting Outdoor Effectiveness of Ozone Protective Waxes in SBR

Abstract Accelerated laboratory and outdoor aging studies were made to establish base lines leading to the development of an accelerated test method which could be used to predict the efficiency of ozone-protective waxes under static conditions. The effect of several variables on the rate of ozone cracking in an ozone chamber was determined, and it was found that exposure temperature was the most critical variable. The type of recipe and time between curing and stretching the samples were also found to be important in arriving at a suitable test procedure. The ozone concentration, although important, was found to be less critical than some of the other variables. An accelerated test method is proposed for determining the effectiveness of ozone-protective waxes. Two outdoor aging studies were made to determine the reliability of the accelerated test in predicting the protective effectiveness of waxes. For a limited number of waxes, it was found that a good correlation exists between the results of the two ...
Abstract CN14-02: Proteomics strategies for lung cancer diagnostics

Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008 CN14-02 Proteomics strategies for lung cancer diagnostics Pierre P. Massion, MD Vanderbilt University Medical Center To address the lung cancer epidemic, early detection and chemoprevention strategies are urgently needed. A better understanding of lung carcinogenesis is critical to improve chemoprevention strategies. The study of molecular abnormalities in preinvasive lesions represents one way to address the critical steps of lung tumor development. The identification of molecular events involved in preinvasive lesions progression could lead to clinical studies with new molecular-targeted agents and the development of surrogate biomarkers. Such biomarkers are essential to select high-risk patients, select chemoprevention strategies and monitor drug efficacy. While morphological features of the airway mucosa of high risk individuals are well established, by themselves do not provide a satisfying predictive model of lung cancer development. The hypothesis pursued here is that molecular characteristics of the airway mucosa would provide a powerful tool to classify subjects at high risk for lung cancer and should ultimately personalize the management of lung cancer and reduce the overall mortalityassociated with this disease. Bronchial specimen obtained from these high risk individuals lead to the report of a series of candidate biomarkers. These markers are being discovered through a series of methodologies advances that include proteomic strategies such as conventional immunhistochemical analyses, antibody arrays, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and shotgun proteomics. Advances in the understanding of the molecularbiology of preinvasive lesions havehelped identify many promising potential markers of early lesionswhich may lead to new effective biomarkers and chemopreventive strategies in high-riskpopulations. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):CN14-02.
Synthetic Juvenile Hormones: Activity Versus the European Corn Borer In the Field and the Laboratory

Nine synthetic compounds showed high juvenile-hormone activity vs. Ostrinia nubilalis (HUbner) when the materials were applied topically to the rearing medium. For maximum response, the larva must contact the test compound during the latter part of the last instar. Liquid formulations of the materials were extremely phytotoxic to field corn. Under field conditions, foliar applications of 4 of the 9 compounds (formulated on elay granules) showed no apparent juvenile hormone activity vs. the 1st-generation corn borer.
Primary reactions of the LOV2 domain of phototropin, a plant blue-light photoreceptor.

The phototropins constitute an important class of plant photoreceptor kinases that control a range of physiological responses, including phototropism, light-directed chloroplast movement, and light-induced stomatal opening. The LOV2 domain of phototropin binds a molecule of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and undergoes a photocycle involving light-driven covalent adduct formation between a conserved cysteine residue and the C(4a) atom of FMN. This product state promotes C-terminal kinase activation and downstream signal transduction. Here, we report the primary photophysics and photochemistry of LOV2 domains of phototropin 1 of Avena sativa (oat) and of the phy3 photoreceptor of Adiantum capillus-veneris (maidenhair fern). In agreement with earlier reports [Swartz, T. E., et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 36493−36500], we find that the FMN triplet state is the reactive species from which the photoreaction occurs. We demonstrate that the triplet state is the primary photoproduct in the LOV2 photocycle, generat...
Nerve blocks for managing pain in the elderly.

Back pain and facial pain are rarely fatal, but these common complaints may be disabling to the elderly patient, both somatically and psychologically. A variety of pathologic conditions may cause either type of pain, and nerve blocks are useful tools for differential diagnosis. Once the correct diagnosis is made, nerve blocks often can be used in combination with other therapeutic technics to manage pain and pain behavior.
Heterosexist Attitudes and Team Cohesion in Women’s Collegiate Athletics

The purpose of the current study was to establish the nature of the quantitative relationship between heterosexist attitudes and team cohesion. The researcher also examined how individual factors of the multidimensional constructs of heterosexist attitudes and team cohesion substantiate that association using the Social Identity Approach (Abrams & Hogg, 2004; Hogg & Abrams, 1988) as the theoretical framework. A canonical correlational analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the four subscales of the Heterosexist Attitudes in Sport—Lesbian scale (Mullin, 2013) and the four subscales of the Group Environment Questionnaire (Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985) in a national sample (N = 621) of female collegiate student-athletes, Λ = .91, p < .001, η2 = .07. As heterosexist attitudes increased, perception of team cohesion decreased. The Language Behaviors and Inclusion Behaviors subscales of the HAS-L and the task components of the GEQ were the strongest contributors to the relationship amo...
Research Questions on Meromorphic Functions and Complex Differential Equations

Twenty-eight research questions on meromorphic functions and complex differential equations are listed and discussed. The main purpose of this paper is to make this collection of problems available to everyone.
A Post-Brexit Global Strategy

The interview with Nathalie Tocci starts out with the Brexit issue. Here, we fundamentally agree with the argument that it would have been pointless to postpone publication of the Global Strategy. ...
A Percepção das Práticas de Acolhimento aos Familiares em Hospital de Pronto-Socorro Sob Perspectiva da Equipe Multidisciplinar

It is understood that all people who come to a health facility must have a recognized need and get an immediate response to their situation, which is still to come in the form of guidance. This article aims to investigate the perceptions of professionals about the care process to the relatives in Emergency Hospital in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. It is a qualitative research conducted through interviews with 15 professionals. Data were developed according to Minayo content analysis technique, the categories found on humanization, welcoming, family relationships. The results show that the professionals need to acknowledge the reception as an instrument to restructure and redefine health care to families in Hospital Hospital Emergency.
Disinhibition of somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons results in an anxiolytic and antidepressant-like brain state

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that are normalized by antidepressant therapies. Moreover, depressive-like phenotypes of GABAA receptor mutant mice can be reversed by treatment with conventional antidepressants drugs, as well as by subanesthetic doses of ketamine. Thus GABAergic deficits may causally contribute to depressive disorders, while antidepressant therapies may enhance GABAergic synaptic transmission. Here we tested the hypothesis that sustained enhancement of GABAergic transmission alone is sufficient to elicit antidepressant-like behavior, using disinhibition of GABAergic interneurons. We focused on somatostatin-positive (SST+) GABAergic interneurons because of evidence that their function is compromised in MDD. To disinhibit SST+ interneurons, we inactivated the γ2 subunit gene of GABAA receptors selectively in these neurons (SSTCre:γ2f/f mice). Loss of inhibitory synaptic input resulted in increased excitability of SST+ interneurons. In turn, pyramidal cell targets of SST+ neurons showed an increased frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. The behavior of SSTCre:γ2f/f mice mimicked the effects of anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs in a number of behavioral tests, without affecting performance in a spatial learning- and memory-dependent task. Finally, brain extracts of SSTCre:γ2f/f mice showed decreased phosphorylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2, reminiscent of the effects of ketamine. Importantly, these effects occurred without altered activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway nor did they involve altered expression of SST. However, they were associated with reduced Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent auto-phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase, which controls the activity of eEF2 as its single target. Thus enhancing GABAergic inhibitory synaptic inputs from SST+ interneurons to pyramidal cells and corresponding chronic reductions in the synaptic excitation:inhibition ratio represents a novel strategy for antidepressant therapies that reproduces behavioral and biochemical end points of rapidly acting antidepressants.
Feasibility of Inpatient Geriatric Assessment for Older Adults with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Abstract Background: Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a disease which largely affects older adults, for whom optimal therapy is unclear. Evidence based strategies are lacking to identify those older adults who may tolerate and benefit from standard therapies. Objective: Test the feasibility of pre-treatment, inpatient geriatric assessment (GA) in older adults hospitalized with newly diagnosed AML. Methods: Prospective evaluation of consecutive patients ≥60 years of age with newly diagnosed AML and planned induction chemotherapy admitted to a single institution from 6/2007–6/2008. Bedside GA was performed within 72 hours of diagnosis. In addition to demographics and routine labs, the GA measures obtained by a trained nurse included Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB, includes timed 4 meter walk, chair stands, standing balance), and grip strength. Measures to assess feasibility included: recruitment; time to complete the assessment, and proportion completing entire GA battery. Results: Among 22 eligible inpatients, 11 enrolled (50%). The median age was 71 (range 63–78) and 72.7% were female. Poor risk cytogenetics were present in 27.3%. Laboratory measures included white blood cell count (mean=24.6×103/mm3, SD 26.2×103), hemoglobin (mean=8.5 g/dl, SD 1.6), platelet count (mean=60.3×103/mm3, SD=38.4×103), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (mean=340.0 U/L, SD=235.1), and albumin (mean=3.2 g/dl, SD=0.36). 66.6% of participants completed the entire GA battery; the remainder completed only self-report measures. Mean time for completion of the GA was 36.8 minutes (SD 9.8). Mean scores for survey measures included: MMSE=26.1 (range 21–30, SD 3.2), CCI=1.6 (range 0–4, SD 1.1), CES-D=22.9 (range 8–37, SD 11.0), VES-13 survey=5.0 (range 1–8, SD 2.5). A wide range of objective physical performance was demonstrated including mean SPPB total score=7.4 (range 5–10; SD 2.1), mean timed 4 meter walk=12.9 seconds (range 6.6–22.1; SD 5.1), and mean grip strength=29.3 (range 12–62; SD 16.8). Conclusions: Inpatient GA including physical performance assessment is feasible in older adults hospitalized for AML and our preliminary findings demonstrate significant variability in cognitive, emotional and physical status. These measures may represent valuable candidate predictors of outcomes, and ongoing studies will identify which measures are most predictive of treatment morbidity and response.
Computed Torque Control of the Stewart platform with uncertainty for lower extremity robotic rehabilitation

Parallel manipulators play a key role in robotic rehabilitation. In reality, such systems operate under uncertainty due to the changes in the characteristics of the patients and lack of knowledge about the physical and geometrical properties of the system. In this paper, we present a robust control scheme to control a six-degree-of-freedom Stewart platform. In this application, it is aimed to follow a desired pure rotational motion required in the robotic rehabilitation of the foot for patients with diabetic neuropathy. It is assumed that uncertainty exists in the mass of the foot of the patients (the proposed approach can also be used when disturbance exists). To perform this, the method of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is extended and integrated with the computed torque control law (CTCL) to control the system. In PCE scheme, uncertainty is introduced to the system by compactly projecting each stochastic response output and random input onto the space of appropriate independent orthogonal polynomial basis functions. CTCL uses a feedback linearization technique which provides the necessary force/torque to enforce the system to follow a prescribed trajectory. This papers presents a successful implementation of the PCE-base CTCL on a Stewart platform. Finally, a comparison between the efficiency and accuracy of the Monte Carlo and PCE is conducted.
Antagonism of Neurotensin Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area Decreases Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Methamphetamine Seeking in Mice.

Background Neurotensin is a peptide that modulates central dopamine neurotransmission and dopamine-related behaviors. Methamphetamine self-administration increases neurotensin levels in the ventral tegmental area, but the consequences for self-administration behavior have not been described. Here we test the hypothesis that antagonizing neurotensin receptors in the ventral tegmental area attenuates the acquisition of methamphetamine self-administration and methamphetamine intake. Methods We implanted mice with an indwelling catheter in the right jugular vein and bilateral cannulae directed at the ventral tegmental area. Mice were then trained to nose-poke for i.v. infusions of methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) on a fixed ratio 3 schedule. Results Mice receiving microinfusions of the neurotensin NTS1/NTS2 receptor antagonist SR142948A in the ventral tegmental area (10 ng/side) prior to the first 5 days of methamphetamine self-administration required more sessions to reach acquisition criteria. Methamphetamine intake was decreased in SR142948A-treated mice both during training and later during maintenance of self-administration. Drug seeking during extinction, cue-induced reinstatement, and progressive ratio schedules was also reduced in the SR142948A group. The effects of SR142948A were not related to changes in basal locomotor activity or methamphetamine psychomotor properties. In both SR142948A- and saline-treated mice, a strong positive correlation between methamphetamine intake and enhanced locomotor activity was observed. Conclusion Our results suggest that neurotensin input in the ventral tegmental area during initial methamphetamine exposure contributes to the acquisition of methamphetamine self-administration and modulates later intake and methamphetamine-seeking behavior in mice. Furthermore, our results highlight the role of endogenous neurotensin in the ventral tegmental area in the reinforcing efficacy of methamphetamine, independent of its psychomotor effects.
Quarterly Radiology Case

(1997). Quarterly Radiology Case. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 189-190.
Impacts of transportation sector emissions on future U.S. air quality in a changing climate. Part II: Air quality projections and the interplay between emissions and climate change.

Abstract In Part II of this work we present the results of the downscaled offline Weather Research and Forecasting/Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF/CMAQ) model, included in the “Technology Driver Model” (TDM) approach to future U.S. air quality projections (2046–2050) compared to a current-year period (2001–2005), and the interplay between future emission and climate changes. By 2046–2050, there are widespread decreases in future concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) due mainly to decreasing on-road vehicle (ORV) emissions near urban centers as well as decreases in other transportation modes that include non-road engines (NRE). However, there are widespread increases in daily maximum 8-hr ozone (O3) across the U.S., which are due to enhanced greenhouse gases (GHG) including methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B scenario, and isolated areas of larger reduction in transportation emissions of NOx compared to that of VOCs over regions with VOC-limited O3 chemistry. Other notable future changes are reduced haze and improved visibility, increased primary organic to elemental carbon ratio, decreases in PM2.5 and its species, decreases and increases in dry deposition of SO2 and O3, respectively, and decreases in total nitrogen (TN) deposition. There is a tendency for transportation emission and CH4 changes to dominate the increases in O3, while climate change may either enhance or mitigate these increases in the west or east U.S., respectively. Climate change also decreases PM2.5 in the future. Other variable changes exhibit stronger susceptibility to either emission (e.g., CO, NOx, and TN deposition) or climate changes (e.g., VOC, NH3, SO2, and total sulfate deposition), which also have a strong dependence on season and specific U.S. regions.
The minimal model of glucose regulation: a biography.

The life history of the so-called “minimal model” of glucose regulation can be traced back over two decades. During the decades after World War II, the science of cybernet-ics was introduced by Norbert Weiner at MIT (Weiner,1965). Weiner recognized the importance of the rapidly developing fields of control theory and systems analysis to problems in biology and medicine. During the ensuing decade, much was written about the potential benefits of applying mathematical analysis to biology (Yates et al., 1972).
Does Gratitude Prevent Negative Affectivity

In this chapter I argue that gratitude counteracts negative affectivity. Specifically, I argue that gratitude contravenes depression and other emotional disorders. I first show that trait gratitude and depression are negatively associated in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Furthermore, several experimental studies have shown that gratitude interventions reduce depression symptoms. I then explore how gratitude contravenes depression. I suggest several mechanisms whereby gratitude might counteract the maladaptive processes in depression such as enhancing the enjoyment of activities, enhancing the awareness of pleasant events, counteracting rumination, encouraging positive reappraisal of negative events, and enhancing relationships. I go on to argue that Crocker’s motivational orientation theory provides a parsimonious account of how gratitude contravenes depression: gratitude moves one from egosystem to ecosystem.
Defect Closure After Lesion Excision of the Face

The options to close facial defects range from closure by secondary intent, which is the simplest of techniques in the reconstructive ladder, to a microvascular free flap, which sits at the highest rung of complexity in the reconstructive ladder. Consideration of reconstructive options for cutaneous facial defects generally start with the simplest options, but move up the reconstructive ladder as needed in order to achieve a functionally and cosmetically adequate outcome for patients. Along this gradient of options, the use of linear primary closures on the face is oftentimes a sufficient and reliable technique for most soft tissue defects encountered by surgeons.
High Risk Acute Care

In the 1990s emergency physicians have come under increasing scrutiny in the performance of their profession. This problem is ongoing in the United States and may soon be the subject of intense government scrutiny, monitoring and regulation. In the past decade jury awards for malpractice suits have continued to increase, with seemingly no ceiling in sight.
The Postcolonial African State and the Republican Ideal: Women and the Struggle for Equality in Ama Ata Aidoos Dilemma of a Ghost and Mariama BaS so Long a Letter

While at first glance, Ama Ata Aidoos Dilemma of a Ghost and Mariama Bas So Long a Letter may have little in common it is my contention that they do. The postcolonial nation-state, which both writers present in the two works, is one still struggling to achieve a workable balance between old traditions and customs, in particular with regard to gender, class and the African outsider, and an ideal of a Republican equality that proved its salience in the critique of racism and notions of white racial supremacy in the anti-colonial struggle for independence. Operating alongside that discourse were the discourses of pan-Africanism and Diaspora, discourses that sought to rewrite pre-colonial notions of difference. Agreeing with Fanon that education created a postcolonial elite that should make the ideal of Republican equality a reality, both writers create a world where as Fanon also notes the elite are often the stumbling block to the achievement of Republican equality rather than its vanguard. Both writers move from that awareness to re-imagine the roles of women in the postcolonial African state, as they appear to contend that women, as subalterns, sometimes in spite of their education, should play a leading role in the struggle for the Republican ideal, as their subaltern position have in the main put them in a position to appreciate the very high cost involved with failure to achieve Republican equality.
Proton Assignment Strategies in Nucleic Acid NMR Studies

The last few years have seen a rapid expansion in our ability to study nucleic acids and proteins of increasing size and spectral complexity by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy (see Kearns. 1984. and Wemmer & Reid. 1985. for recent reviews). An important factor in our ability to study biopolymers in the 8.000 – 16.000 mol. wt. range is the sensitivity and resolution of modern NMR spectrometers with magnetic field strengths in the 11–12 Tesia range (ca. 500 MHz). Even at such frequencies, the NMR spectra of 10.000 dalton biopolymers are very crowded, with many overlapping resonances, and the introduction of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (2DNMR) has been an equally important development. As in all forms of spectroscopy, the ability to specifically assign the majority of resonance peaks is the first crucial step in any detailed study and 2DNMR has facilitated the ease and speed of assigning relatively complicated spectra. In this paper I shall present the techniques and strategies for assigning nucleic acid NMR spectra, with particular emphasis on short DNA molecules containing 10–20 base pairs. In presenting these assignment methods I shall draw on examples taken from the work of several members of my laboratory to whom I am grateful, particularly Dennis Hare. David Wemmer and Shan-Ho Chou.
DLA with Short-Range Interactions

Recently there has been a great deal of theoretical and experimental interest in growth processes and associated pattern-formation phenomena. Excellent reviews are provided in other contributions to these proceedings1 and in Ref. 2. Progess has been made in understanding widely different phenomena, including viscous fingering in Hele-Shaw cells,3,4 fluid-fluid displacement in porous inedia,5,6 electric breakdown,7 electrodeposition,8 the formation of snowflakes,9 and the irreversible kinetic aggregation of gold colloids10 and uniform polystyrene spheres.11
The Influence of Medical and Surgical Therapy on Progression of Coronary Artery Disease - Insights From a Randomized Study

Controversies of efficacy (McIntosh and Garcia 1978) arising since the introduction of myocardial revascularization using saphenous vein grafts by Favaloro (1968) in 1967 have, for the most part, been resolved (Frye and Frommer 1982). Most rational interpretations of longevity studies have indicated the efficacy of this surgery in prolongation of life (Gunnar et al. 1980). The question of the effect of bypass grafting on native coronary disease progression has not yet been definitively answered, however, in spite of the many studies reported to date (Aldridge and Trimble 1971; Bourassa et al. 1973, 1978; Malinow et al. 1973; Maurer et al. 1974; Frick et al. 1975; Itscoitz et al. 1975; Robert et al. 1978; Levine et al. 1975; Glassman et al. 1974; Griffith et al. 1973; Benchimol et al. 1974; Gensini et al. 1974), and the influence of risk factors on this progression needs further study. The major shortcomings of previous studies have been that they were not prospective and that they lacked appropriately matched medically treated patients as a control group.
Predicting law enforcement confidence in going ‘hands-on’: the impact of martial arts training, use-of-force self-efficacy, motivation, and apprehensiveness

ABSTRACTIn law enforcement, there are situations allowing officers to gain control of suspects by going ‘hands-on,’ or physically placing someone in custody beyond simple handcuffing. While much em...
Modeling and simulation of thermal field and solidification in laser powder bed fusion of nickel alloy IN625

Abstract Finite element modeling and simulation of laser powder bed fusion process (L-PBF) provides physical insight about the laser processing that is often not possible or highly difficult by in-situ monitoring or in-process measurements. A three-dimensional (3D) thermal field especially into depth direction that is not visible by a thermal camera can be obtained by solving the 3D heat transfer problem. Furthermore, microstructure growth can be modelled to predict the direction of solidification in the fabricated part. This paper presents 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) based simulation models developed for laser processing of single- and multi-tracks with different energy density levels dependent upon process parameters such as laser power and scan velocity. This 3D L-PBF process model is validated with in-situ thermal measurements and further improved by utilizing predicted spattering of powder material which is in turn included as a stochastic heat loss in the 3D FEM model. Thermal gradients extracted from these simulations utilized to compute the directions in the resulting solidification which are found to be in reasonable agreements with experimental observations. Finally, a phase field method based post processing is applied on the thermal solution to simulate the nucleation phenomenon and columnar dendrite formation during solidification.
The PA3177 Gene Encodes an Active Diguanylate Cyclase That Contributes to Biofilm Antimicrobial Tolerance but Not Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A hallmark of biofilms is their heightened resistance to antimicrobial agents. Recent findings suggested a role for bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) in the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents; however, no c-di-GMP modulating enzyme(s) contributing to the drug tolerance phenotype of biofilms has been identified. The goal of this study was to determine whether c-di-GMP modulating enzyme(s) specifically contributes to the biofilm drug tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using transcriptome sequencing combined with biofilm susceptibility assays, we identified PA3177 encoding a probable diguanylate cyclase. PA3177 was confirmed to be an active diguanylate cyclase, with overexpression affecting swimming and swarming motility, and inactivation affecting cellular c-di-GMP levels of biofilm but not planktonic cells. Inactivation of PA3177 rendered P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms susceptible to tobramycin and hydrogen peroxide. Inactivation of PA3177 also eliminated the recalcitrance of biofilms to killing by tobramycin, with multicopy expression of PA3177 but not PA3177_GGAAF harboring substitutions in the active site, restoring tolerance to wild-type levels. Susceptibility was linked to BrlR, a previously described transcriptional regulator contributing to biofilm tolerance, with inactivation of PA3177 negatively impacting BrlR levels and BrlR-DNA binding. While PA3177 contributed to biofilm drug tolerance, inactivation of PA3177 had no effect on attachment and biofilm formation. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that biofilm drug tolerance by P. aeruginosa is linked to a specific c-di-GMP modulating enzyme, PA3177, with the pool of PA3177-generated c-di-GMP only contributing to biofilm drug tolerance but not to biofilm formation.
Machine learning: the new 'big thing' for competitive advantage

While machine learning (ML) has existed for a long time, the business world's focus on it may seem like an overnight development. The technology has been steadily growing since the early days of big data. However, the ability to give machines access to big data and allow them to apply complex mathematical calculations repetitively, while learning for themselves, is a new development. The key objective of this article is to propose a conceptual model for successful implementation of ML in organisations. This article also covers some of the potential benefits of ML, and provides a guide to some of the opportunities that are available for using ML in various businesses. Furthermore, this study reviews key attributes of successful ML platforms and illustrates how to overcome some of the key implementation challenges. Finally, this study highlights some of the successful implementations of ML solutions used in the manufacturing and service industry.
A Quantitative Evaluation of Electric Sit-Stand Desk Usage: 3-Month In-Situ Workplace Study

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSSit-stand desk interventions are deployed to reduce sedentary time and improve ergonomic adjustability in modern workplaces, with ultimate goals of improving health and pro...
Cyber Defense Analysis and Support

Cyber Defense Service Provider; CDSP (also called Computer Network Defense Service Provider; CNDSP in several references, Cyber Security Service Provider (CSSP), even cloud defense service provider) represents an organization responsible for delivering different functions: protection, detection, evaluation, response, and sustainment services to service subscribers. CNDSP team consists of a Computer Emergency Response Team; CERT or Incident Response and Recovery Team (IRRT). The team is also related to Network Operations and Security Center. The team should ensure that service subscribers have extensive anti-malware programs, vulnerability management plan, etc. Figure 4.1 shows overall CSSP tasks according to DISA (https://www.disa.mil).
Unlocking a signal of introgression from codons in Lachancea kluyveri using a mutation-selectino model

For decades, codon usage has been used as a measure of adaptation for translational efficiency and translation accuracy of a gene9s coding sequence. These patterns of codon usage reflect both the selective and mutational environment in which the coding sequences evolved. Over this same period, gene transfer between lineages has become widely recognized as an important biological phenomenon. Nevertheless, most studies of codon usage implicitly assume that all genes within a genome evolved under the same selective and mutational environment, an assumption violated when introgression occurs. In order to better understand the effects of introgression on codon usage patterns and vice versa, we examine the patterns of codon usage in Lachancea kluyveri, a yeast which has experienced a large introgression. We quantify the effects of mutation bias and selection for translation efficiency on the codon usage pattern of the endogenous and introgressed exogenous genes using a Bayesian mixture model, ROC-SEMPPR, which is built on mechanistic assumptions about protein synthesis and grounded in population genetics. We find substantial differences in codon usage between the endogenous and exogenous genes, and show that these differences can be largely attributed to differences in mutation bias favoring A/T ending codons in the endogenous genes while favoring C/G ending codons in the exogenous genes. Recognizing the two different signatures of mutation bias and selection improves our ability to predict protein synthesis rate by 42% and allowed us to accurately assess the decaying signal of endogenous codon mutation and preferences. In addition, using our estimates of mutation bias and selection, we identify Eremothecium gossypii as the closest relative to the exogenous genes, providing an alternative hypothesis about the origin of the exogenous genes, estimate that the introgression occurred ~6x10^8 generation ago, and estimate its historic and current selection against mismatched codon usage. Our work illustrates how mechanistic, population genetic models like ROC-SEMPPR can separate the effects of mutation and selection on codon usage and provide quantitative estimates from sequence data.
Centrally symmetric and balanced triangulations of $\mathbb{S}^2\times \mathbb{S}^{d-3}$ with few vertices

A small triangulation of the sphere product can be found in lower dimensions by computer search and is known in few other cases: Klee and Novik constructed a centrally symmetric triangulation of $\mathbb{S}^i\times \mathbb{S}^{d-i-1}$ with $2d+2$ vertices for all $d\geq 3$ and $1\leq i\leq d-2$; they also proposed a balanced triangulation of $\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{S}^{d-2}$ with $3d$ or $3d+2$ vertices. In this paper, we provide another centrally symmetric $(2d+2)$-vertex triangulation of $\mathbb{S}^2\times \mathbb{S}^{d-3}$. We also construct the first balanced triangulation of $\mathbb{S}^2\times \mathbb{S}^{d-3}$ with $4d$ vertices, using a sphere decomposition inspired by handle theory.